PTCL Internship Report
6 WEEKS INTERSHIP REPORT
Prepared By Muhammad Shehzad Nadeem, Foundation University Rawalpindi Campus
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PTCL Internship Report Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 3 BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5 ASSIGNEMTS ......................................................................................................................................... 6 1. AMPS.................................................................................................................................................... 6 2. GSM ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. UMTS ................................................................................................................................................... 8 4. LTE ....................................................................................................................................................... 9 5. RSU82 ................................................................................................................................................. 11 6. SDH .................................................................................................................................................... 11 7. PDH .................................................................................................................................................... 11 8 Switching ............................................................................................................................................ 12 9 Access Network .................................................................................................................................. 12 10 Operation and Maintenance (O&M) .................................................................................................. 12 SWOT ( STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITES & THREATS ) ANALYSIS OF PTCL ............. 13 STRENGTH ................................................................................................................................................ 13 WEAKNESSES ...................................................................................................................................... 14 OPPORTUNITIES .................................................................................................................................. 15 THREATS .............................................................................................................................................. 16
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PTCL Internship Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
I Muhammad Shehzad Nadeem recent graduate of Foundation University Islamabad in Bachelors in Telecommunication Engineering. I applied for 6 Weeks internship at PTCL and was called on for Interview and offered Internship at PTCL office Satellite Town Rawalpindi under following departments.
Two Weeks under Manager Ops Switching, Islamabad
One Week under Manager Transport Network Ops, Attock/ Taxila
One Week under Manager Wireless BSS Ops , North Islamabad
One Week under Manager Power Plant , Rawalpindi
One Week under Manager Transit North , Islamabad
This report comprises of things that I learned during internship. This report has been made as mentioned in internship letter for the issuance of Completion Certificate.
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PTCL Internship Report BACKGROUND PTCL came into being in 1947 following independence of
Pakistan. First it
provided Telephone and Telegraph services. Passage of time PTCL introduced new technologies to provide efficient telephony services and expanded it network across Pakistan. New exchanges were installed to provide quality services and As advancements were made in telecommunications, Internet services made PTCL flourished the market. PTCL provides internet service to about 1.3 million people and also introduced wireless broadband services like EVO- Wingle. Also introduced V-fone, Smart TV and reasonable international landline services. As demand of digital services increased , PTCL made its entry in cellular mobile networks by forming new subsidiaries UFONE, which hold large subscriber base.
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PTCL Internship Report INTRODUCTION Initially PTCL network consisted of exchanges connected through copper wire. The copper wire provided low data rate, noisy and delay time & low capacity. The switches were mechanical and manually operated. These exchanges and switches later evolved to new technology which provided better services. The inception of digital exchanges and switches flourished the telecom industry, by providing good quality services. The hardware is getting smaller in size and software are used to provide services. Value added services are being also offered. Now a day's copper wire is becoming obsolete with the introduction of optical fiber. The digital exchanges and switches are connected with each other with optical fiber. Only the user is connected to exchange with copper wire, which results in slow data rate and network congestion. PTCL provides wireless services to PTCL consumers through BTS (Base Transceiver Station). Which is high speed employed by CDMA 2000 technology.
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PTCL Internship Report
ASSIGNEMTS My daily work at different departments in PTCL is discussed in this part of the
report. First I started internship in Wireless Department where I learned about EVO wireless, which deals with the maintenance & troubleshooting of Wireless services of PTCL. BTS outages, alerts, coordination with multiple vendors. In Switching Department, I learned about Digital Exchanges, soft switches Evolution of PTCL Network, Operation & Maintenance. In Transport Department I learned about PDH & SDH, optical fiber. In transit department I learned about High Capacity Transit Exchange. My assignments at various departments is mentioned below. 1. AMPS
Advanced Mobile Phone System AMPS was first generation Network implemented using FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). In which different users are allotted different frequencies. It mainly supported voice services. It required considerable bandwidth to operate and it had less security, eavesdrop was very easy. Bandwidth was limited to 30 Khz. 2. GSM
GSM , Global System for Mobile is Second generation digital Cellular Network based on TDMA Time division Multiplexing aimed to provide voice calls and SMS. GSM standard has been used widely till today. It also provides Internet, access to PSTN. The architecture of GSM is shown below. GSM employed Gaussian Wave Division Multiplexing. The band width of GSM is 200 Khz.
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PTCL Internship Report
As a passage of time GSM further evolved into GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) which provided 9.6 KBits/s. GPRS networks evolved to 2.75 EDGE. It is a digital mobile phone technology that allows improved data transmission rates on GSM networks. Used for packet switched network for internet applications. The higher data rates are achieved by 8PSK modulation scheme at aDrates are enhanced to 400 Kbit/s more speed and capacity EDGE can use existing GSM network, hence not requiring new hardware and software design which reduces cost.Improved quality of service is achieved by enhanced data rate and capacity which decreases the response time for data services. EDGE can also provide an evolutionary migration path from GPRS to UMTS by implementing now the changes in modulation that will be necessary for implementing UMTS later. It can handle the services of 3 rd generation mobile phone networks.
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PTCL Internship Report
3. UMTS
Universal Mobile telecommunication System is Third generation mobile system employing Code division Multiplexing Access. In which all users are given same time , frequency and divided on the basis of unique code. It provides access to high speed internet and other features. It has larger bandwidth as compared to GSM.
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PTCL Internship Report
4. LTE
Long Term Evloution is fourth generation mobile network employs Orthogonal Frequency division Multiplexing providing high Speed services. LTE (LongTerm
Evolution,
commonly
marketed
as 4G
LTE)
is
a
standard
for wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies, increasing the capacity and speed using a different radio interface together with core network improvements. The standard is developed by the (3rd Generation
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PTCL Internship Report Partnership Project) and is specified in its Release 8 document series, with minor enhancements described in Release 9. LTE is the natural upgrade path for carriers with both GSM/UMTS networks and CDMA2000 networks. The different LTE frequencies and bands used in different countries will mean that only multi-band phones will be able to use LTE in all countries where it is supported.
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PTCL Internship Report 5. RSU82
RSU82 is ZTE equipment installed in BTS (Base Transceiver Substation) implements radio transmission in covered area, controlling radio channels and realizing communication with BSC/RNC/LTE CN. 6. SDH
SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) is a standard technology for synchronous data transmission on optical media. It is the international equivalent of Synchronous Optical Network. Both technologies provide faster and less expensive network interconnection than traditional PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) equipment. SDH uses the following Synchronous Transport Modules (STM) and rates: STM-1 (155 megabits per second), STM-4 (622 Mbps), STM-16 (2.5 gigabits per second), and STM-64 (10 Gbps). 7. PDH
The plesiochronous
digital
hierarchy (PDH)
is
a
technology
used
in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems. The term plesiochronous is derived from Greek plēsios, meaning near, and chronos, time, and refers to the fact that PDH networks run in a state where different parts of the network are nearly, but not quite perfectly, synchronized.
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PTCL Internship Report 8 Switching
A telephone
exchange is
a telecommunication system
used
in
the PSTN or in large enterprises. An exchange consists of electronic components and in older systems also human operators that interconnect (switch) telephone subscriber lines or virtual circuits of digital systems to establish telephone calls between subscribers. 9 Access Network
An access network is the part of a telecommunications network which connects subscribers to their immediate service provider. It is contrasted with the core network , (for example the Network Switching Subsystem in GSM) which connects
local providers to each other. The access network may be further divided between feeder plant or distribution network, and drop plant or edge network. 10 Operation and Maintenance (O&M)
Operation Maintenance Center (OMC) is used to monitor and maintain the performance of each Mobile Station (MS), Base Station (BS), Base Station Controller (BSC) and Mobile Switching Center (MSC) within a GSM system. The OMC has three main functions which are: 1. To maintain all telecommunications hardware and network operations with a particular market. 2. Manage all charging and billing procedures. 3. Manage all mobile equipment in the system.
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PTCL Internship Report The OMC is dedicated to each of these tasks and has provisions for adjusting all base station parameters and billing procedures, as well as for providing system operators with the ability to determine the performance and integrity of each piece of subscriber equipment in the system.
SWOT ( STRENGTH WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITES & THREATS ) ANALYSIS OF PTCL
STRENGTH
The PTCL is the only telecom company providing landline services to every Pakistani.
The broadband users are more than 1.3 million, which makes most of the revenue.
Strong international brand names.
Strong financial position
Competent and Skillful Human Resources in few specialized fields.
PTCL is offering multiple services which includes Telephone, Internet and T.V.
PTCL can be used as a backup network if the mobile networks are down due to any reason.
PTCL maintain the records of customers in an organize way with the principle of privacy.
Reasonable Tariffs, and because of PTCL huge market share and creating competitive environment which permits other Internet service provider to low price internet service.
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PTCL Internship Report
WEAKNESSES
Poor quality of service, as technology is increasing new applications on internet require larger bandwidth and high speed. Also the traffic on internet is increasing, frequent fiber cut, no Fiber to the home/User (FTTH) technology .
Large network is difficult to be upgraded. Other companies are taking advantage of this weakness.
Poor customer service
Lack of technical staff in DSL technical support.
Poor organizational structure.
No clear strategic direction.
No research and development programs.
Functional units are not well organized.
Weak marketing of new services.
Bad debts due to non-payments of bills.
Low revenue per user.
Political intervention in decision making.
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PTCL Internship Report OPPORTUNITIES
PTCL should focus on new value added services.
Up gradation of technology to flourish the industry.
Re-structuring of organizational hierarchy (Proper planning and implementation is required, to Improve overall services).
Adopt latest technologies.
Making technology accessible to all (e.g. broadband).
Hire competent marketers and adopt aggressive marketing that is required to promote offered services and give tough time to competitors.
Improvement in customer services.
Joint ventures with other telecommunication companies for introducing new services.
Hire technical staff in specific areas e.g. for DSL issues in order to increase
customer satisfaction
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PTCL Internship Report THREATS
New players in the industry.
Inconsistent and Adhoc decisions by Company management.
Security and fraud issues.
Cybercrimes percentage is increasing.
Political instability.
Inflation in the country, may increase the cost of services which will finally transferred to customers.
Rapid raise in Government taxes.
Recession in economy.
Strong competition from telecommunication companies.
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