FACULT FACULTAD AD DE INGENIERIA INGENIER IA INGENIERIA CIVIL TEMA:
1° ENSAYO EN SAYO EXCAVACION EXCAVACION A CIELO ABIERTO (CALICAT (C ALICATA) A)
ALUMNOS: • • • • •
RAFAEL MERINO, MARCOS. RAFAEL RAFAEL BAZAN, GEORGE YOAO. REA PRADO, ERNEST. ROBLES MERINO, MARCOS. RODAS DE LA CRUZ, MOISES.
INSTRUCTORES: • • •
CICLO:
ING.CERNA IPARRAGUIRRE IPARRAGUIRRE RICARDO MANUEL TECNICO PACHECO PACHECO FLORES LUIS TECNICO BALDEON DE SOUZA FERREYRA CARLOS ALBERTO
21!"II
GRUPO # $ CALICATA N°!
21!
1° ENSAYO EXCAVACION A CIELO ABIERTO (CALICATA) I.OB%ETIVOS " R&''&* &+ &**& - /0 *&+* 3 '+' ' +/ *&43&*5&/ 66/ 7* &+ /*3'*. " R&+* 3 7&*8+ &/*9*8', *;**.
II. PROTOCOLO DE SEGURIDAD E &/& 7 6& &/- /& 3/* +/ /93&&/ &437/ 6& 7*&''? 7&*/+ (EEP) 5&'6/ & + *5/ 6&+ RNE $ *5 G.1: "C/' 6& /&93*66. "L&&/ 6& /&93*66. "M/'*++ "7+;. "T7&/ 36;/. "B*>43&@. "C*;&. "G3&/ 6& >6. "B/ ' 73 6& '&*.
III. EUIPOS, MATERIALES Y ACCESORIOS "B**& "P'. "P+.
"'. "E/73+. "B*'. "L>*& 6& '57. "B+// <*5'/.
IV. MARCO TEORICO M&'' 6& /3&+/ E 9&&*0, + mecánica de suelos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
E/ &'&/* &&* +/ 6&8'&/ 7*76/ '5 >/& 6& +/ /93&&/ <*5/: a)
S3&+/: S& ''& '5 /3&+ + 7*& /37&*8'+ 6& + '*& &**&/*&, '8*56 7* 5&*+&/ - 7*0'3+/ *9'/ 7*63'6/ 7* + ''? '5>6 6&+ ;& &+ 93 - 7*'&// 6& 6&/&9*'? *9'. E+ /3&+ &/ 8*56 7* ;*/ '57&&/: *'/, *&, *'++, 353/ 5&* *9' & 6&/'57/'?, 5&*+&/ - */ &+&5&/ & 68&*&&/ 7*7*'&/.
b) H&**5&/: E+ <*5 &**5&, & /&6 &/*', /& &57+& 7* *&8&**/& 3&/+/ *&//&&/ (&'/ 6& 68&*&&/ 5&*+&/, 7&* '+5&& /& 5&*+> & &** '5 /39&*& + &5+90), +&/ 7* *&+* *>@/ 5&''/ 43& *&43&*& + 7+''? 6& 3 '&* 83&* 80/'. . L/ &**5&/ /& 6/& - 8>*' 7* '357+* 3 5/ 7*7?// &/7&'08'/, 7* + 43& / *&8'/ ' 3 83'? <''.
c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
+ '3+ +/ /3&+/ / '/6&*6/ *&'3*// 3*+&/ *&;>+&/. E &+ /3&+ /& 6&/**++ 9* 7*& 6& + ;6 &**&/*&, & <+ '*&'& 3 9* '66 6& 7+/, - ;;& 53'/ 5+&/.
C57&&/ 6&+ S3&+
S& 73&6& '+/8'* & *9'/, '5 + *&, + *'++, &+ 93 - &+ *& *9'/, '5 +/ *&// 6& 7+/ - 5+&/. U 6& +/ '57&&/ *9'/ 6& +/ /3&+/ &/ &+ 353/. E+ 353/ /& &'3&* & +/ '7/ /37&**&/ 6& +/ /3&+/ - '/3-& &+ 7*63' 8+ 6& + 6&/'57/'? 6& +/ *&// 6& 7+/ - 5+&/, @3 ' +93/ 5&*+&/ && 3 '+* 6& 5*++& &9*, - '8&*& 3 + 9*6 6& 8&*+66 +/ /3&+/. F/& S?+6: E/& '@3 6& '57&&/ *&7*&/& + 43& 76*0 6&5*/& &+ &/43&+& 5&*+ 6&+ /3&+. D&+ /3&+ 6&/': S+'/, J=6/ & 6*?=6/ 6& F&**, C+// - 9*/, C*>/ ( calcita, dolomita), S3+8/ (aljez ), C+*3*/ - */, S?+6/ 6& 3*+& *9' (H353/). F/& L0436: C57*&6& &+ 93 6& + 6*/8&* 43& /& 8+* 7* &*& +/ 7*0'3+/ 6&+ /3&+. F/& G/&/: T&& 3 '57/'? /5+* + 6&+ *& 43& *&/7*5/, 343& ' 5-* 7*7*'? 6& 6?=6 6& '*> (CO2 ). A6&5/, 7*&/& 3 '&6 53- + 6& ;7* 6& 93. C36 &+ /3&+ &/ 53- 5&6, +/ &/7'/ 6& *& 6/53-&, + ++&*/& 6& 93.
P*7&66&/ - T&=3* 6& +/ S3&+/
E*& +/ 7*7&66&/ 6& +/ /3&+/ /& &'3&*: E+ '+*, 6/*>3'? 6&+ 5 6& +/ 7*0'3+/, '//&', &=3*, &/*3'3*, 7*/66, 5?/8&*, 35&66, 6&/66, 7H, 5&* *9', '7'66 6& &*'5> ?', /+&/ /+3>+&/ - ?=6/ 5*8/"/0+'& +5 - ?=6/ 6& 8&** +>*&/. L/ 7*7&66&/ 80/'/ 6& +/ /3&+/ 6&7&6& 6& + '57/'? 5&&*+?9', 6& + 8*5 - 6&+ 5 6& +/ 7*0'3+/ 43& + 8*5 - 6&+ 5>&& 43& +/ *6&. E+ 5, + 8*5 - + '57/'? 4305' 6& +/ 7*0'3+/ 6&&*5 + 7&*5&>+66, + '7+*66, + &'66, + '&/? - */ 7*7&66&/ *&/3+&/ 6& + '5>'? 6& 6/ +/ &9*&/ 6&+ /3&+. O* 7*7&66 80/' 6& +/ /3&+/ 43& - 43& '/6&** &/ + &57&*3*, 43& && '5 83&& 7*'7+ + **6'? /+*. L/ 7*7&66&/ 80/'/ 7&*5& ''&* 5&@* +/ ';66&/ 9*0'+/ 8365&+&/ '5 &+ +>*&, + 8&*+'?, &+ 6*&@&, + **9'?, +
'/&*;'? 6& /3&+/ - 93, /0 '5, &+ 5&@ 6&'36 6& +/ *&/63/ '/&'/. T +/ 7*7&66&/ 80/'/ '5 +/ 4305'/, >+?9'/ 5&*+?9'/ 6&&*5, &*& */, + 7*63';66 6& +/ /3&+/.
C+/&/ 6& T&=3* 6& +/ S3&+/
L &=3* 6&+ /3&+ &/ + 7*7*'? & + 43& /& &'3&* 6/*>36/ ;*6/ 7*0'3+/ &+&5&+&/ 43& 73&6& '8*5* 3 /3/*. S&9 /& &+ 5, 7*/66 >/*'? 6&+ 93 & + 7*0'3+ 6&+ /3&+ /3/*, 73&6& '+/8'*/& & K 9*37/ >/'/ 43& /: + *&, &+ +5 - +/ *'++/.
NORMA E. E+ >@&; 6& &/ *5 &/ &/>+&'&* +/ *&43//, 6&/6& &+ 73 6& ;/ 6& + M&'' 6& S3&+/ & I9&&*0 6& C5&'&/ (EMS), ' 8&/ 6&
'5&'? 6& &68''&/ - */ >*/ 6'6/ & &/ *5. L/ EMS /& &@&'3* ' + 8+66 6& /&93** + &/>+66 6& +/ >*/ - 7* 7*5;&* + 3+'? *'+ 6& +/ *&'3*// /3 >+9*&66 /& *&9+5& & &/ 5/5 *5 - /3 5> 6& 7+''? '57*&6& 6 &+ &*** '+.
L/ &=9&'/ 6& &/ *5 /& '/6&* 505/. L 7*&/&& *5 5 & '3& +/ 8&?5&/ 6& 9&65' &=&* & +/ '// 43& - 7*&/3'? 6& + &=/&' 6& *3/ *43&+?9'/ 9+&*0/ 3 43&66&/ /3>&**&/ 6& *9& 3*+ *8'+. E &// '// 6&>&* &8&'3*/& &/36/ &/7&'08'5&& *&6/ '8*5* - /+3'* 6'/ 7*>+&5/.
CALICATA E=';'? 53+ 5&'6 6& 7*83666 ;*>+&, '3- >@&; &/ 6&&*5* &+ 7&*8+ &/*9*8' 6& +/ /3&+/ >@ &+ &**& & &/36, '/36 7* T7 6& S3&+, E/7&/* - '*'&*0/'/ 43& /& >&& 6& 3 6&++6 +// ;/3+ - + &=7&*&' 6&+ L>**/, 43& 6&5/ 5 53&/*/ *&7*&/&;/ 7* *&+* 7/&**5&& &/-/ & &+ L>**. L/ '+'/ 7&*5&: •
U /7&''? ;/3+ 6&+ &**& /3.
•
T5 6& 53&/*/.
•
R&+'? 6& +9 &/- 6& '57.
E/ *&'5&6>+& 3+* '* 73 +/ 6&8'&/ - *&'5&6'&/ '&6/ & + *5 ASTM D 2!, 6&56 D&/'*7'? 6& /3&+/ (7*'&65& V/3+" M3+). E// 6&/'*7'&/ ;/3+&/ 6&>&* '&&* '5 505 +/ /93&&/ &'&6&&/:
I6&8''? 6& + '+' 5&6& 3 5&*, &/7&'8'6 /3 3>''? ' *&/7&' + +5&*@& 6&+ &@& /3/ '*6&6/, 5>*& +/ +>**/ - 8&' 6& + /7&''?.
P*83666 +. P*83666 6& +/ 68&*&&/ &/*/ 7* 6&/'*>*, *&8&*6/ + ;&+ 6&+ &**& 3*+. D&/'*7'? 6&+ /3&+. C66 - 7 6& +/ 53&/*/ 56/ & + '+'. O>/&*;'&/ - */ '*'&*0/'/ *&+&;&/.
D&/6& +/ 7*&6&/ - 7/ 6& +/ '+'/ /& 6&>& >&&* +/ 53&/*/ 43& /&* ++&;6/ +>**. T6/ +/ 53&/*/ 43& /& >&9 6&>&* /&* 7&*8&'5&& 6&8'6/, '+3-&6 + 5&/ +/ /93&&/ ?7'/: 6&8''? 6& + '+' 7*83666 + 43& 83& 56 5>*& 6& + 7&*/ 43& + 5 - 8&' 6& >&'?. E// 53&/*/ /& 3/ 7*:
A+// 9*3+5<*'.
E/-/ 6& 7+/'66.
E/-/ 6& '57''? $ 35&66 ?75.
E/-/ 6& '57''? CBR & +>**.
V. PROCEDIMIENTO
U>''? 6&+ &**&.
L +'+'? 6& + '+' °!, &/ 3>'6 & + 7*;' 6& L5, & &+ 6/* 6& L/ O+;/, + 8*&& 6& + 3;&*/66 P*;6 6&+ N*&. C+6& ' L/ ;&6/ A+8*&6 M&6+ (P. N*&) - ;&6 U;&*/*. S& +'+ & +/ '*6&6/ #22 E/& 2#!##! N*& ('*6&6/ 7*7*'6/ 7* GPS 68&*&'+ 43& / 7*&/? &+ <'' C*+/) S& 3>' 2,! 5 *6 7&*7&6'3+*5&& 6& + 75&*' *& + '+', - K,! 5 6& + 7/ 3=+* 6& + ;&6 3;&*/*.
E@&'3'?.
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
PROFUNDIDAD (en metros)
" ,!
CAPA DEL SUELO
P*5&* '7
DESCRIPCIN DEL SUELO
!U"EDAD NA#URAL ($)
R&++& /*, *&// *9'/, >/3*, 7&6*/ 6& 6&/5&
N /& 73&6& &/7&'8'* 6&>6 6;&*// 5&*+&/ &'*6/.
,! $ 1, S&936 '7
C7 6&+ /3&+ ' 7*&/&' 6& *'++ - +5. C36 /& 35&6&'& &/ 53&/* /& '0 3 7/ 43& / 7&*50 />&* 43& &/ *'++ ' 7*&/&' 6& +5/
VII. CONCLUSIONES "L/ '+'/ / 3 <'' &57+&6 7* >&&* & +/ &/36/ 6& /3&+/ & 5&'' 6& /3&+/ 7* >&&* ;+*&/ +&/ '5 35&66, 5>< 7* '&* 3 *&''5& 9&<'' 6&+ &**&. "L &+>*'? 6& '+'/ 7* 3 >3& &/36 6& /3&+/ / 7&*5? >&&* ''5& 5/ &=' 6& +/ 7*7&66&/ 80/'/ 43& &/& 7/&&. "O>&&* ''5&/ >/&/ 7* &+>** &/-/ 6& +>**/ ' +/ 53&/*/ >&6/ & + '+' *&+6.
VIII. BIBLIOGRAFIAEBGRAFIA "P9 Q&> (*5 &.) 7:QQQ.;;&6.9>.7&6'35&/6'35&/6/1!ES3&+/- C5&'&/.768 "P9 Q&> (6&8'? 6& 5&'' 6& /3&+/) 7:&/.Q7&6.*9QM&'CKA1'6&/3&+/ "P9 Q&> (/3&+/) 7:/+9*.&S+&/C&'/1"KE+S3&+E+/3&+.5 "P9 Q&> (7*7&66&/ - &=3* 6& +/ /3&+/) 7:9*56*&.>+9/7.'577*7&66&/"-"&=3*"6&"+/"/3&+/.5+
"P9 Q&> (&=3* 6& +/ /3&+/) 7:QQQ.5+*35.'57*3*T>+/S3&+/C+/&/T&=3*+&/.5 "P9 Q&> ('+'). 1."7:&/.Q7&6.*9QC+' 2." 7:QQQK.3'.'+F'3+6&/I/3/+>**'+'M2.5 IX. ANEXOS
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