Informe de Cal

TECNOLOGIA TECNOLOGIA DE LOS LOS MATERIALES MATERIALES PAR PARA A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN

Contenido I.

INTRODUCCI INTRODUCCIÓN.. ÓN..

.....2

II. OBJETIVOS....................................................................................................3 GENERALES:.................................................................................................... 3 ESPECÍFICO:.................................................................................................... 3 III.

FUNADAMENTOS TEORICOS......................................................................3

A. MATERIALES QUE SE EXTRAEN Y SE COMERCIALIZAN EN LA CANTERA:...3 B. MAQUINAS Y HERRAMIENTAS UTILIZADAS:.............................................. IV.

UBICACIÓN GEOGR!FICA........................................................................""

V. PROCEDIMIENTO........................................................................................"" VI.

COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE LA CAL.............................................................."#

VII.

CONCLUCIONES......................................................................................"#

ANEXOS:........................................................................................................... "

I.

INTRODUCCIÓN

Visita a Cantera de Cal - Zaña

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C(')*+( *, *- )+/&'0 %*'+&10 * ,* )&-&4( 5(+( +*6*+&+,* ( -(, *75-0)(1&0'*, 8* +01(, &'8,)+&(-*, 9 0+'(/*')(-*, )(/;&' *, '( *75-0)(1&<' ,5*+=1&(- ( 1&*-0 (;&*+)0 8* '( +01( /9 ;&*' 1-(,&=1(8( 9 1(')&=1(8(> (8*/$, 80'8* ,* (5-&1( -( /$, ?(+&(8( )*1'0-0%@( * ?( 8*,8* *- 5&10 9 -( 5(-( (,)( -( 5<-?0+( 9 /(&'(+&( 8* 8&6*+*')* 0+8*'. E,)* ,*1)0+ ,* --(/( C0--&*> (--@ *7&,)* '( /&'( 8* /()*+&(8* 10',)+11&<' '0 /*)$-&1(> -( 1(-. E,)( 1(')*+( 10',)( 8* 3 *1)$+*(,> 5*+0 ,0-(/*')* ,* *7)+(* 1(- 8* " *1)$+*(,. S* *75-0)( )/;('80 1*++0,> 1(-1&'('80 -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4(> 4(+('8*('80 9 --*'('80 ?0-*)*,. P(+( -( *-(;0+(1&<' 8*- 5+*,*')* &'60+/* ,* +*(-&4< '( ?&,&)( ( -( 1(')*+( 8* 1(- ;&1(8( ( '( 0+( 8* Z((> *' *- 1*')+0 50;-(80 8* 10--&*.T(/;&' ?*/0, -0, 5+01*8&/&*')0, +*(-&4(80, 5(+( 0;)*'*+-( -( 1(- ?&?( 9 -( 1((5(%(8(. C0/0 6)+0, &'%*'&*+0, 1&?&-*, 8*;*/0, )*'*+ *- 10'01&/&*')0 5-*'0 ,0;+* -0, 8&,)&')0, /()*+&(-*, * ,* )&-&4(' *' -( 10',)+11&<' 10/0 50+ **/5-0 -0 &/50+)(')* * *, -( 1(- *' -( &'6+(*,)+1)+(,> *' -( *,)(;&-&4(1&<' 8* ,*-0,> 5(+( ,*1(+ ,*-0, /*80,> 8*,10'%*-(+ -0, *-(80, 9 /*0+(+ -(, 5+05&*8(8*, 8* -0, ,*-0, (+1&--0,0,. A8*/$, *, )&-&4(80 *' -(, *8&=1(1&0'*, )*'&*'80 -%(+ *' -( 6(;+&1(1&<' 8* 5+*6(;+&1(80, 8* 1(-: H0+/&%<' 1*--(+ < (&+*(80> -(8+&--0, ,&-&101(-1$+*0, 9 ;-0*, 8* )&*++( 10/5+&/&8(.


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II.

OBJETIVOS

GENERALES: •

A?*+&%(+ -0, /)080, 8* *7)+(11&<' 8* -( +01( 1(-&4( *' -( 1(')*+( 

•

Z((. C0'01*+ * &8*')&=1(+ -( 1(- ?&?( 9 -( 1(- (5(%(8(. C0'01*+ 10/0 5*8* ,*+ )&-&4(8( -( 1(- ?&?( 9 (5(%(8( *' -(

•

10',)+11&<' 8* 0;+(, 1&?&-*,.

ESPECÍFICO: •

•

C0'01*+ 1
*75-&1(80 *' 1-(,* 50+ *-

&'%*'&*+0.

III.

FUNADAMENTOS TEORICOS

A. MATERIALES QUE SE ETRAEN ! SE COMERCIALI"AN EN LA CANTERA: ROCA CALI"A

L(, +01(, 1(-&4(, ,0' 6$1&-/*')* +*10'01&;-*,: 10-0+ ;-('*1&'0 0 1-(+0> 8+*4( 1(,& /*8&( '0 ,* +(9( 10' -( ( 9 ,@ 10' '( /0'*8(> (-%0 50+0,(,> 60+/(8(, 50+ 1(+;0'()0 1$-1&10 C(CO3.

CAL Visita a Cantera de Cal - Zaña

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E, ' )+/&'0 * 8*,&%'( )08(, -(, 60+/(, 6@,&1(, *' -(, * 5*8*' (5(+*1*+ *- <7&80 8* 1(-1&0 C(O 9 *- <7&80 8* 1(-1&0 8* /(%'*,&0 C(M%O2> 8*'0/&'(80, )(/;&'> 1(- ?&?( 0 %*'*+(-/*')* 1(- 9 80-0/@( 1(-1&'(8( +*,5*1)&?(/*')*. La cal se ha usado, desde la más remota antigüedad, de conglomerante en la construcción; también para pintar (encalar) muros y fachadas de los edificios construidos

con adobes o tapial (habitual

en

las

antiguas

viviendas

mediterráneas) o en la fabricación de fuego griego.

CAL VIVA

onocida también como! al, al aérea, al de construcción, al "u#mica, al de alba$iler#a y al fundente. %e obtiene por calcinación de la cali&a, con un alto contenido en carbonato de calcio (a' ), a una temperatura de unos ** + *** - segn la siguiente reacción! a' / calor 0 a' / ' 1


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CAL APAGADA

%e obtiene después de a$adir agua a la cal viva y a la dolom#a calcinada obteniendo

productos

hidratados

denominados

comnmente cal

apagada ó hidró2ido de calcio (a ('3)1) y dolom#a hidratada (a4g ('3)5).

B. MAQUINAS ! #ERRAMIENTAS UTILI"ADAS: VOLQUETE

U' ?*@1-0 5(+( )+(',50+)(+ 1(-  0)+0, /()*+&(-*,.

MALLAS "ARANDA


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S0' /(--(, /*)$-&1(, 8* (5+07&/(8(/*')* 7 /*)+0,> -(, 1(-*, ,&+?*' 5(+( 0;)*'*+ 5&*8+( 8* 8&6*+*')* /*8&8( *' , *,)(80 '()+('0 ,* )+&)+(.

LA PALA

L( 5(-( *, '( *++(/&*')( 5(+( +*/0?*+ /()*+&(- 8* ' -%(+ ( 0)+0 *' 60+/( /('(-> (9 8&,)&')(, 60+/(, 8* 5(-(: -(+%(, 10' =-0 ,&' =-0, 5**0, 9 -(+%0, 1(8( '0 5(+( ' ,0 *,5*1@=10 (9 5(+( (+*'( /9 ='(> (+*'( 8+(. E,)$ *1( 8* /*)(- 8* ' %+0,0+ (5+07&/(80 8* 3 ( #." 8* 5-%(8( '0 *, +*,&,)*')* ( (1*+ 5(-('1( 10' %+('8*, 5*,0,> *,)$ ,*)( ( ' /('%0 0 1(;0 8* /(8*+( 8* *'1&'0 5(+( /*0+(+ *- &4(* 8* -( /&,/(.

CARRETILLAS

L( 1(++*)&--( *, ' 5**0 ?*@1-0 '0+/(-/*')* 8* '( ,0-( +*8( 8&,*(80 5(+( ,*+ 5+05-,(80 50+ '( ,0-( 5*+,0'( 9 )&-&4(80 5(+( *- )+(',50+)* ( /('0 8* 1(+%(.


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COMBA Herramienta 5(+(

6+(1)+(+ 5&*8+(, 1(-&4(, 8* )(/(0 /*8&('0 (

%+('8*.

BARRETA

B(++( 8* &*++0 1&-@'8+&1( 0 5+&,/$)&1(> 8* '0 ( 80, /*)+0, 8* -(+%0> )*+/&'(8( 50+ ' *7)+*/0 *' 5')( 9 50+ *- 0)+0 *' '( *,5*1&* 8* 5(-*)(.

HORNO


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6s un dispositivo "ue genera calor y "ue lo mantiene dentro de un compartimento cerrado. Los hornos intermitentes son hornos de campa$a con paredes de ladrillos refractarios.

CARBÓN DE PIEDRA

Llamado carbón mineral, es más duradero y se utili&a para "uemar la piedra cali&a y as# transformarla en cal viva.

AGUA

6l agua (del lat#n aqua) es una sustancia cuya molécula está formada por dos átomos de hidrógeno y

uno

de o2#geno (31').


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6s

esencial

para

la

supervivencia de todas las formas conocidas de vida. 6s utili&ada para disolver la cal viva y transformarla en cal apagada.

RASTRILLO

onsistente en una barra dentada fi7ada transversalmente a un mango y usada para recoger materiales. Los rastrillos de mano tienen normalmente dientes de acero, plástico,

o bamb,

aun"ue

históricamente

se

fabricaban

con madera o hierro.

DINAMITA L( 8&'(/&)(> 10/0 )080, -0, *75-0,&?0, 50)*')*,> *, /9 5*-&%+0,( 9 50+ *--0 *, '( ,,)('1&( 8* ,0 +*,)+&'%&80> ,& ;&*' ( ,&80 *7)*',&?(/*')* ,,)&)&8( 50+ *75-0,&?0, 5-$,)&10, *' -0, * -( ,,)('1&( *75-0,&?( ,* *,)(;&-&4( /*41-$'80-( 10' ' 5-(,)&=1(')* *' -%(+ 8* )&*++( 8* 8&()0/*(,. U)&-&4(' -( 8&'(/&)( 5(+( *7)+(*+ -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4(.


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LADRILLO REFRACTARIO E- -(8+&--0 +*6+(1)(+&0 *, ' )&50 8* /()*+&(- 1*+$/&10 * 50,** '( ,*+&* 8* 1(+(1)*+@,)&1(, *,5*1&(-*,> -0 * 5*+/&)* (1*+ ' %+(' ,0 8* ,)* 8*')+0 8* &',)(-(1&0'*, &'8,)+&(-*, 0 *' )+(;(0, 8* *,)6(, 80/,)&1(,.

FIERRO S* )&-&4( 5(+( /0?*+ -( 5&*8+( 1(-1&'(8(.

GANC#O Visita a Cantera de Cal - Zaña

P$%&'( "

S* )&-&4( 5(+( (++*%-(+ -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4( *' *- 0+'0.

IV.

UBICACIÓN GEOGR$FICA

L( /()*+&( 5+&/(> *' *,)* 1(,0 -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4(> ,* *7)+(* 8* -( /&'( APAESTEGUI II 8*- 1*++0 COLLIQUE 8*- 8&,)+&)0 8* Z((> 5+0?&'1&( 8* C&1-(90> 8*5(+)(/*')0 8* L(/;(9**. A '( 8&,)('1&( 8* " / 8* C&1-(90. E,)( 1(')*+( 8* 1(- ,* *'1*')+( ( " 0+( 8* Z(( 9 ( 2 0+(, 8* C&1-(90.

V.

PROCEDIMIENTO 

P+&/*+0 ,* *7)+(* 8* -( 1(')*+( -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4( )&-&4('80 -(, *++(/&*')(, 10/0: 5(-(> 10/;(> ;(++*)(> 8&'(/&)(.



L*%0> -( 1(-&4( 1('1(8( *, 10-01(8( *' *- 0+'0 &'8,)+&(- ( K  " C 8* )*/5*+()+( 5(+( ,*+ 1(-1&'(8( 50+ ' )&*/50 8* 2# 0+(, (5+07&/(8(/*')* > 5(+( 5+081&+ 1(-0+ )&-&4(' *- 1(+;<' 8* 5&*8+(.


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

D*,5,> ,* +*)&+( -( 5&*8+( 1(-&4( )+(',60+/(8( *' 1(- ?&?( 5(+( ,*+ )+(',50+)(8( *' ?0-*)*, ( -( 5-(')( -%(+ 80'8* *,)( 1(- ?&?( ,*+$ 5+01*,(8(.



H&8+()(1&<': C0',&,)* *' (%+*%(+ (%( ( -( 1(- ?&?( 5(+( 0;)*'*+ -( 1((5(%(8(.



E'?(,* 9 */;(+*: L( 1(- *, --*?(8( ( '( )0-?( 8* *'?(,* * &')+081&8( *' ,(10, 8*  % 9 )+(',50+)(8( (,)( *- /*8&0 8* )+(',50+)* * -( --*?(+$ (- 1-&*')*. S* 5+*5(+( -( 1(- (- %,)0 8*- 1-&*')*.


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VI.

COMERCIALI"ACIÓN DE LA CAL %& PRECIOS:

MATERIAL

PRECIOS '()*+&

C(- ?&?( C(- (5(%(8(

2 '*?0, ,0-*, "K '*?0, ,0-*,

,& #ORARIOS DE TRABAJO ! SALARIO N- de t%,%/%doe0  )+(;((80+*,

VII.

1o%io  (/  "25/ 9 8*

0%2%io 3 ,0-*, 1(8(

"5/  35/

)+(;((80+

CONCLUCIONES 

L( ?&,&)( ( *,)( 1(')*+( '0 ,0-0 '0, 5*+/&)* 10'01*+ -( ?(+&*8(8 10'%-0/*+(80, * ,* 5*8* 0;)*'*+ 8* -( +01( 1(-&4( * ,0' 8* %+('


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)&-&8(8 5(+( -( 10',)+11&<' 1&?&- ,&'0 )(/;&' 10'01*+ *- 5+01*,0 5(+( -( 0;)*'1&<' 8* *,)0, 10'%-0/*+(80,. 

L( 1(- *' -( (1)(-&8(8 9( '0 ,* )&-&4( 10' 6+*1*'1&( *' -(, 10',)+11&0'*, 10/0 ,* (1@( *' -( (')&%*8(8> *,)0 ,* 8*;* ( * (0+( -( )*1'0-0%@( 8* -0, /()*+&(-*, ( *10 50,&;-* -( 5+*,*'1&( 8* 1*/*')0, 9 0)+0, (8&)&?0, (')& ,(-&)+* * +*/5-(4(' ( -( 1(- 9 ,0' 8* /9 6$1&- (5-&1(1&<' *' -(, 0;+(, 1&?&-*,.

ANEOS:


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Informe de Cal

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