INDICE
I.
INTRODUCCION
II.
OBJETIVOS
III.
REVISION BIB BIBLIOGRAFICA
III.1. DEFINICIÓN DE METEOROLOGÍA III.2. HISTORIA DE LA METEOROLOGÍA
III.3.
III.4. III.5. III.6. III.7. IV.
RAMAS DE LA METEOROLOGÍA EQUIPOS E INSTRUMENTOS INSTRUMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS ESTACIONES METEOROLÓGICAS: OBSERVACIONES METEOROLÓGICAS UNIDADES DE MEDIDAS
MATERIALES Y METODOS
IV.1. MATERIALES IV.2. METODOLOGIA V.
CONCLUSIONES
VI.
RECOMENDACIONES
VII.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
1
I.
INTRODUCCIÓN
Los distintos f!to"#s $%i#nt&#s s# $nifi#stn !d 'no d# fo"$ distint ( s) $is$o !d 'no d# #&&os ti#n# dif#"#nt# inf&'#n!i so%"# &os s#"#s *i*os+ #n #& !$,o d# & -"ono$) #st inf&'#n!i * #nfo!d &os sist#$s d# ,"od'!!i.n dond# ti#n#n ,"ti!i,!i.n &s ,&nts/ D# t& fo"$ #s n#!#s"io !ont" !on "#-ist"os d# &os distintos f!to"#s !&i$0ti!os !o$o son: & t#$,#"t'"+ ,"#!i,it!i.n ,&'*i&+ 1'$#dd "#&ti*+ #nt"# ot"os s) !o$o &s $0s i$,o"tnt#s f&'!t'!ion#s d# #stos #n &s distints 2,o!s #n 3'# s'!#d#n+ ( 3'# !on #sto s# ti#n# $0s so,o"t# ," ,od#" ,&nifi!" #n 'n !'&ti*o/ L 1#""$i#nt f'nd$#nt& ," &&#*" 'n s#!'#n!i d# &os distintos f!to"#s #s & #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i! 3'# #st0 !onstit'id !on 'n s#"i# d# inst"'$#ntos 3'# ,#"$it#n #& "#-ist"o d# &os f!to"#s f !to"#s ( $#n!iondos/
II.
OBJETIVOS
2
R#&i4" 'n *isit -'id & Est!i.n A-"o $#t#o"o&.-i! DEL FUNDO 5Sn R$.n6 7APROPAL8 7APROPAL8 !""#t#" 9'"i$-'s 9'"i$-'s S1n'si/
Co$,"#nd#" ( !ono!#" !ono!#" & i$,o"tn!i d# 'n 'n #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i! $#t#o"o&.-i!
R#!on R#!ono!# o!#"" & f'n!i. f'n!i.n n d# !d !d 'no 'no d# &os !o$,o !o$,on#n n#nt#s t#s d# 'n #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i!/
!o$o !o$o #st'di #st'dint nt#s #s d# in-#n in-#ni#") i#") -"on. -"on.$i! $i! int#", int#","#t "#t" " &os dtos dtos s'$inist"dos ,o" !d 'no d# &os inst"'$#ntos d# di!1 #st!i.n ( ,&i!"&o &s dif#"#nt#s 0"#s d# & -"i!'&t'"/
III.
REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA GENERALIDADES
3
3.1.
DEFINICIÓN DE METEOROLOGÍA
Es & !i#n!i int#"dis!i,&in"i 3'# #st'di #& #stdo d#& ti#$,o+ #& $#dio t$osf2"i!o+ &os f#n.$#nos &&) ,"od'!idos ( &s &#(#s 3'# &o "i-#n/ Es #& #st'dio d# &os f#n.$#nos t$osf2"i!os ( d# &os $#!nis$os 3'# ,"od'!#n #& ti#$,o+ o"i#ntdo s' ,"#di!!i.n/
3.2.
HISTORIA DE LA METEOROLOGÍA
E& t2"$ino ;$#t#o"o&o-); ,"o*i#n# d# Meteorológica+ t)t'&o d#& &i%"o #s!"ito &"#d#do" d#& d#& ? =>? / d# C/ ,o" ,o" A"ist "ist.t .t#& #&#s #s++ 3'i# 3'i#n n ,"#s ,"#s#n #nt t o%s# o%s#"* "*! !io ion# n#ss $i@t $i@ts s ( #s,#!'&!ion#s #s,#!'&!ion#s so%"# #& o"i-#n d# &os f#n.$#nos t$osf2"i!os ( !#&#st#s/ Los ,"o-"#sos #n #st# !$,o s# !#nt""on #n & !"#!i.n d# inst"'$#ntos $0s ,"#!isos+ !o$o #& t#"$.$#t"o !"#do ,o" G&i&#o #n ?+ s#-'ido d# & in*#n!i.n d#& %".$#t"o ,o" E*n-#&ist To""i!#&&i #n >=/ E& n#$.$#t"o f'# !onst"'ido #n ,o" Ro%#"t Hoo#+ $i#nt"s Ho"!# d# S'ss'"# !o$,&#t #& #&#n!o d#& d#s""o&&o d# &os $0s i$,o"tnt#s inst"'$#ntos $#t#o"o&.-i!os $#t#o"o&.-i!os #n ? !on #& 1i-".$#t"o !%#&&o+ 3'# $id# & 1'$#dd d#& i"#/ A ini!ios d#& si-&o + s# d & !"#!i.n d# & $od#"n ,"#*isi.n d#& ti#$,o !&!'&d #n %s# $t#$0ti!/ L ,"i$#" ,"#*isi.n d#& ti#$,o "#&i4d !on !o$,'tdo" s# "#&i4 #n & d2!d d# ?/ En ?+ #& &n4$i#nto d#& TIROS+ si-nifi!. #& ini!io d# 'n #" d# dif'si.n -&o% -&o%& & d# &s &s info info"$ "$! !io ion# n#ss !&i$ !&i$0t 0ti! i!s s// En &os &os
3.3.
RAMAS DE LA METEOROLOGÍA
H!"#$% H!"#$%&%# &%#"#'# "#'#()* ()*++ "$ d# & M#t#o"o&o-) 3'# s# "#&!ion !on &os "#!'"sos 1)d"i!os o !'0ti!os/ M%&%#"# M%&%#"#'#( '#()* )* *%"#,- *%"#,-&/* &/*++ #st'di #st'di #& #f#!to #f#!to 3'# 3'# &os f#n.$ f#n.$#no #noss $#t#o $#t#o"o& "o&..-i!o i!oss ti#n#n so%"# &s #"on*#s ( todo &o !on!#"ni#nt# !on!#"ni#nt# & #"on*#-!i.n/ #"on*#-!i.n/ M%&%#"#'#()* *(")/#'* 0A("#$%&%#"#'#()*+ s# o!', d#& #st'dio d#& i$,!to d# &os f#n.$#nos $#t#o"o&.-i!os $#t#o"o&.-i!os so%"# todo &o 3'# s# "#&!ion !on & -"i!'&t'"/ M%&%#"# M%&%#"#'#( '#()* )* )/*+ )/*+ s# int#" int#"#s #s #n #& #st'di #st'dio o d# &s &s ,"o,i# ,"o,i#dd dd#s #s f)si! f)si!ss d# & t$.sf#"/ M%&%#"#'#()* $*")&$*+ 3'# !onst s' *#4 d# dos 0"#s: 8 M#t#o"o&o-) o!#0ni!: o!#0ni!: #st'di & int#"!!i.n #nt"# & t$.sf#" ( #& $"/ %8 M#t#o"o&o-) $")ti$: s# o!', d# s'$inist"" s#"*i!ios+ d#sd# #& ,'nto d# *ist $#t#o"o&.-i!o+ tods &s !ti*idd#s $"ins/ M%&%#"#'#()* M%&%#"#'#()* ,&/*+ ,&/*+ s# o!', d# &os f#n.$#nos t$osf2"i!os so%"# & %s# d# n0&isis d# !"ts+ #n & 3'# ,"#*i$#nt# s# 1n s#ntdo o%s#"*!ion#s sin.,ti!s+ 4
!on !on #& ,"o, ,"o,.s .sitito o d# 1!# 1!#"" 'n didi-n. n.st sti! i!o o o 'n ,"on ,"on.s .stiti!o !o d# !ond !ondi! i!io ion# n#ss $#t#o"o&.-i!s/ M/"#$%&%#"#'#()*+ #st'di &s !ondi!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s ,#3'#< #s!&+ & !'& i$,&i! $#di!ion#s d# ,"0$#t"os $#t#o"o&.-i!os ( #st'dios !'iddosos d# !#"! d# & s',#"fi!i#+ #n ,#")odos !o"tos d# ti#$,o/ t i#$,o/
3.4.
EUIOS E INSTRUMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS
L $#t#o"o&o-) 'ti&i4 inst"'$#ntos #s#n!i&#s+ !o$o #& %".$#t"o+ #& t#"$.$#t"o ( #& 1i-".$#t"o+ ," d#t#"$in" &os *&o"#s %so&'tos+ $#dios ( #@t"#$os d# &os f!to"#s !&i$0ti!os/ P" #& t"4do d# $,s ( & #&%o"!i.n d# ,"#di!!ion#s #s f'nd$#nt& & "#!o-id !oo"dind d# dtos #n $,&is 4ons+ &o 3'# s# "#&i4 !on & ('d d# &os st2&it#s $#t#o"o&.-i!os/ $#t#o"o&.-i!os/
3.5.
ESTACIONES ESTACIONES METEOROLÓGICAS+
Un Un #st #st!i !i.n .n $#t# $#t#o" o"o& o&..-i! i! #s 'n 'n inst inst& &!i !i.n .n d#st d#stin ind d $#di $#di"" ( "#-i "#-ist st" "" " "#-'&"$#nt#+ di*#"ss *"i%&#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s/ Estos dtos s# 'ti&i4n tnto ," & #&%o"!i.n d# ,"#di!!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s+ ,"ti" d# $od#&os n'$2"i!os+ !o$o ," #st'dios !&i$0ti!os/ D# !'#"do &o #st%&#!ido ,o" & O"-ni4!i.n M#t#o"o&.-i! M'ndi& 7OMM8+ &s #st!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s s# !&sifi!n d# & si-'i#nt# $n#": SEG8N SU FINALIDAD
CLASIFICACIÓN
Sin.,ti!
C&i$to&.-i!s
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A#"on0'ti!s
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D# !'#"do & $-nit'd d# &s
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3.6.
M")ti$s OBSERVACIONES OBSERVACIONES METEOROLÓGICAS O9%":*/, $%&%#"#'(/*
5
Consist# #n & $#di!i.n ( d#t#"$in!i.n d# todos &os #&#$#ntos 3'#+ #n s' !onK'nto+ "#,"#s#ntn &s !ondi!ion#s d#& #stdo d# & t$.sf#" #n 'n $o$#nto ddo ( #n 'n d#t#"$indo &'-"+ 'ti&i4ndo inst"'$#nt& d#!'do / Ests o%s#"*!ion#s "#&i4ds !on $2todos ( #n fo"$ sist#$0ti!+ 'nifo"$#+ inint#""'$,id ( 1o"s #st%&#!ids+ ,#"$it#n !ono!#" &s !"!t#")sti!s ( *"i!ion#s d# &os #&#$#ntos t$osf2"i!os+ &os !'&#s !onstit'(#n &os dtos %0si!os 3'# 'ti&i4n &os s#"*i!ios $#t#o"o&.-i!os+ tnto #n ti#$,o "#& !o$o dif#"ido/ Ls o%s#"*!ion#s d#%#n 1!#"s#+ in*"i%&#$#nt#+ &s 1o"s ,"##st%&#!ids ( s' #K#!'!i.n ti#n# 3'# #f#!t'"s# #$,&#ndo #& $#no" ti#$,o ,osi%&#/ L *#"!idd ( #@! #@!titit' t'd d d# &s &s o%s# o%s#"* "*! !io ion# n#ss #s i$," i$,"#s #s!i !ind ndi% i%&# &#++ ( 3'# 3'# d# no d"s d"s# # #ss #ss !ondi!ion#s+ s# &#sionn &os int#"#s#s+ no so&o d# & $#t#o"o&o-)+ sino d# tods &s !ti*idd#s 1'$ns 3'# s# si"*#n d# #&&/ C'nto $0s n'$#"oss son &s #st!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s+ $#t#o"o&.-i!s+ $0s d#t&&d ( #@!t s# !ono !ono!# !# & sit' sit'! !i. i.n/ n/ Ho( Ho( #n d)+ d)+ -"n -"n !nt !ntid idd d d# #&& #&&ss !'#n !'#nt tn n !on !on ,#"s ,#"son on& & #s,#!i&i4do+ #s,#!i&i4do+ 'n3'# t$%i2n 1( 'n nJ$#"o d# #st!ion#s 'to$0ti!s '%i!ds #n &'-"# &'-"#ss in!!# in!!#si% si%&#s &#s o "#$oto "#$otos+ s+ !o$o !o$o "#-ion "#-ion#s #s ,o&"# ,o&"#s+ s+ is&ot# is&ot#ss d#s1 d#s1%it %itd dos os o !o"di&&# !o"di&&#"s/ "s/ Ad#$0s+ Ad#$0s+ #@ist#n #@ist#n fragatas meteorológicas + %"!os 3'# !onti#n#n %o"do 'n #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i! $'( !o$,&#t ( &os !'&#s s# si-n 'n ,osi!i.n d#t#"$ind #n ,&#no o!2no/ S*&;'&% $%&%#"#'(/# St2&it#s "tifi!i&#s 'ti&i4dos ," s',#"*is" #& ti#$,o t$osf2"i!o ( #& !&i$ d# & Ti#" Ti#"" "++ 'n3 'n3'# '# t$% t$%i2 i2n n son son !, !,!# !#ss d# *#" *#" &s &s &'!# &'!#ss d# & !i'd !i'dd d++ in!# in!#nd ndio ioss fo"#st&#s+ !ont$in!i.n+ !ont$in!i.n+ '"o"s+ to"$#nts d# "#n ( ,o&*o+ !o""i#nt#s d#& o!2no+ #t!/ Ot"os st2&it#s ,'#d#n d#t#!t" !$%ios #n & *#-#t!i.n d# & Ti#""+ #& #stdo d#& $"+ #& !o&o" d#& o!2no ( &s 4ons n#*ds/ E& f#n.$#no d# E& Ni
3.7.
UNIDADES DE MEDIDAS RECIITACIÓN RECIITACIÓN 0':#$%&")* 6
En & ,"#!i,it!i.n s# $id# & ts d# !'$'&!i.n d# &&'*i o ni#*#+ ,o" 'nidd d# 0"# 1o"i4ont&/ Un !'$'&!i.n !'$'&!i.n d# $$ !o""#s,ond# & *o&'$#n d# &it"o ,o" $#t"o !'d"do d# s',#"fi!i#/ E& inst"'$#nto ," $#di" & ,"#!i,it!i.n &)3'id s# &&$ ,&'*i.$#t"o/ En & $(o") d# &s #st!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s+ & ,"#!i,it!i.n s# $id# 'n *#4 & d)/ EVAORACIÓN E& tn3'# d# #*,o"!i.n #s #& inst"'$#nto 3'# s# 'ti&i4 ," #sti$" & #*,o"!i.n 3'# s# ,"od'!# d#sd# 'n s',#"fi!i# d# -'/ L $#di!i.n !onsist# #n -"#-" di" di"i i$# $#nt nt# # -' -' & tn3 tn3'# '#++ d# $odo $odo 3'# 3'# s# "#,o "#,onn- & 3'# 3'# s# ,i#" ,i#"d# d# ,o" ,o" #*,o"!i.n/ L !ntidd d# -' -"#-d #s #3'i*&#nt# & #*,o"!i.n d#& d)/ L P"#!i,it!i.n P&'*i& ( E*,o"!i.n s# #@,"#sn #n $i&)$#t"os 7$$8 ( &s &#!t'"s s# #f#!tJn di"i$#nt# &s ?:?? 1o"s/ TEMERATURA TEMERATURA 0&%"$#$%&")* S# 'ti&i4 & 'nidd d# $#did #n -"do !#nt)-"do 7C8+ 3'# !o""#s,ond# &s &#!t'"s di"#!ts #f#!t'ds #n &os t#"$.$#t"os d# #@t"#$s/ En & #s!& C#&si's d# t#$,#"t'"+ #& !#"o !o""#s,ond# & t#$,#"t'" d#& ,'nto d# !on-#&$i#nto d#& -'+ ( #& ?? s' t#$,#"t'" d# #%'&&i!i.n+ $%os ni*#& d#& $"/ HUMEDAD ATMOSF
7
0n-'&o d#sd# dond# so,& #& *i#nto+ !on "#s,#!to & No"t#+ d# !'#"do & si-'i#nt# !on*#n!i.n: ? no"t# ? #st# ? s'" ? o#st#8/ En &s #st!ion#s $#t#o"o&.-i!s+ #& *i#nto s# $id# ? $ so%"# & s',#"fi!i# ( &os s#nso"#s d#%#n inst&"s# #n 'n &'-" %i#n #@,'#sto/ L F'#"4 o V#&o!idd d#& Vi#nto s# d #n $#t"os ,o" s#-'ndo 7$s8/
8
IV. 4.1.
MATERIALES Y METODOS
M*&%"*'% !% /*$#
Inst"'$#ntos $#t#o"o&.-i!os/ $#t#o"o&.-i!os/
4.2.
M*&%"*'% !% (*9,%&% Co$,'tdo" M#$o"i USB I$,"#so" C0$" foto-"0fi!
4.3.
M%&#!#'#()*
4. 4.3.1 3.1.. U9/* U9/*/ /, , !%' !%' '( '(*" *" L ,"#s#nt# ,"0!ti! s# &&#*. !%. #& ?> d# #n#"o d#& ?+ ,"o@i$d$#nt# ,"o@i$d$#nt# 1o"s :?? ,$ #n &s &s inst&!ion#s inst&!ion#s d#& f'ndo 5Sn 5Sn R$.n6 7APROPAL8 7APROPAL8 '%i!do '%i!do #n #& d#,"t$#nto d# Lo"#to+ P"o*in!i A&to A$4ons+ !""#t#" 9'"i$-'s S1n'si/ ESTACIÓN METEOROLÓGICA: 5,!# 5,!# S*, R*$,> S" ? N#"&% L*&&!+ @.5 5@ $ A'&"*+ 1@ $,$ M%!!*+ 12 !% *,/=# 22 !% #,!#.
4. 4.3.2 3.2.. F%, F%,&% &% !% ,#" ,#"$*/ $*/ , , En #& d#s""o&&o d# #st ,"0!ti! "#!i%) info"$!i.n %0si! %"indd ,o" #& do!#nt# d#& !'"so !'"so// Po" Po" $#dio $#dio d# #@,&i #@,&i!! !!io ion#s n#s #n !$,o+ !$,o+ !o$o !o$o t$%i2 t$%i2n n o%t'* o%t'*# # info" info"$! $!i.n i.n s#!'nd"i d# f'#nt#s %i%&io-"0fi!s+ &i%"os+ fo&&#tos+ #t!/
4. 4.3.3 3.3.. D% D%*" *""#' "#''# '# !% '* "-/& "-/&/* /*++ Visit -'idd -'idd ,o" #& T2!ni!o/ V#&"d#4 V#&"d#4 !o$,<do !o$,<do d#& In-/: i&d#" M!#do/ Inst"'$#ntos O%s#"*dos: 1. LUVIOMETRO+ E& ,&'*i.$#t"o #s #& ,"to 3'# si"*# ," $#di" : $#di" : I,&%,!*! !% '':* C*,&!*! !% '':* F"%/%,/* !% '':* 9
Ti#n# 'n $#did $#did d# ? /? $ d# &t'"+ si#ndo "#*isd d# : $ : ,$/ Const d# 'n *so !i&)nd"i!o #n #& 3'# #& &do !o"tnt# d# & ni&& d# &t.n d# & ,"t ,"t# # s',# s',#"i "io" o" s#s#-'" '" 'n 'n s',# s',#"f "fi! i!i# i# d# "#!o "#!o-i -id d !on !on 'n 'n s#!! s#!!i. i.n n #@!t$#nt# d# ?? !$/ Un #$%'do
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12
V.
CONCLUSIONES
Ls #st!ion# #st!ion#ss $#t#o"o&.-i $#t#o"o&.-i!s !s son d# *it& i$,o"tn!i i$,o"tn!i ," 'n "#-i.n+ "#-i.n+ ( $'!1o $0s ," n'#st"o !$,o d# #st'dio ,'#sto 3'# -"!is #&&s s# ,'#d# s%#" !ono!#" 3'# tnto in!id#n &os f#n.$#nos t$osf2"i!os #n &s ,&nts ( 3'# ,od#$os 1!#" nosot"os ," 3'# #sts t#n-n 'n .,ti$o d#s""o&&o/
P" !onst"'i" 'n #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i!+ s# d#%# t#n#" #n !'#nt tods &s !ondi!ion#s 3'# #st "#3'i#"# ( si #s ,osi%&# !'$,&i" !%&idd !on tods #ss !ondi!ion#s+ ,'#sto 3'# si no #s s)+ d# 'n ' ot" $n#" s# ,od")n &t#"" &os "#s'&tdos/
E& #st" &#Kd d# !ss ( "%o&#s $)ni$o =? $ #s 'n !ondi!i.n $'( i$,o"tnt# #n & #st!i.n $#t#o"o&.-i! ( $'!1o $0s ," ," &os &os ,"tos ,"tos d# $#di!i.n d# *i#ntos+ ,'#sto 3'# d# no s#" s)+ #stos &os "%o&#s !t'"i !o$o %""#"s nt'"&#s nt'"&#s ( &os *i#ntos no &&#-")n !on & *#&o!idd *#&o!idd *#"dd#"/
Con &os inst"'$#n inst"'$#ntos tos $#t#o"o&. $#t#o"o&.-i!o -i!oss s# #st%&#! #st%&#!# # 3'# nosot"os nosot"os ,od#$os ,od#$os d#t# d#t#"$ "$in in" " & t#$, t#$,#" #"t t'" '" + n'#s n'#st" t"o o !&i$ !&i$ #n 3'# 3'# *i*i *i*i$o $os+ s+ !'n !'nto to d# ,"#!i,it!i.n ,"#!i,it!i.n 1( #n n'#st"o $#dio+ d# i-'& $n#" ,od#$os $#di" & ,"#si.n t$osf2"i!+ !'nt 1'$#dd 1( #n n'#st"o $#dio+ !'nto d# d'"!i.n d# so& 1( di"i$#nt#+ 3'2 &t'" s# #n!'#nt"n &s n'%#s d# & %s# d# & ti#""+ & t#$,#"t'" d#& i"#+ d#& -' ( d#& s'#&o #n n'#st"o $#dio+ ( !'nt d# "di!i.n so&" "#!i%i$os di"i$#nt#/ VI.
RECOMENDACIONES
T#n#" $'!1o !'iddo & $ni,'&" &os di*#"sos inst"'$#ntos+ ,'#sto 3'# 'n $& $ni,'&!i.n ,od") 1!#" *"i" &os "#-ist"os # in!&'so d<" #& $is$o/ 13
O%s#"*" #n d#t&&# &s !"!t#")sti!s d# !d inst"'$#nto+ ,'#s ,#s" d# s#" si$i&"#s+ !'$,&#n 'n f'n!i.n dif#"#nt#/
VII.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
1tt,s:#s/s!"i%d/!o$do!>??= 1tt,s:#s/s!"i%d/!o$do!>??=Info"$#Est!ion Info"$#Est!ionM#t#o"o&o-i M#t#o"o&o-i
La información referente al instrumental está sacada del libro: Instrumentos Meteorológicos de Meteorológicos de Julián Sánchez Rodríguez–INM Rodríguez–INM ! de otras fuentes"
Meteorología y climatología / TUMI+ TORRES FIDEL BERR MIGUEL/ ??/ Meteorología meteorlogicos.com. E@t")do #& ? d# #n#"o d#&
? d#& sitio #%: /'!1i&#/!&,ost-"dos>? $%&%#"#'#()*/'$*&#'#()*
VALLADOLID+ WNGEL WNGEL M. 02@@3. Generalidades meteorológicas. E@t")do #& ? d# #n#"o d#&
So44i+ G%"i#& O/ 7o!t'%"# d# ??8/ Brillo solar / X "#i$,"#si.n "#i$,"#si.n// B'#nos Ai"#s: ,,/ =/ ISBN ??> ??>// /1id"o$#t/!o$/, 9" 9"'''# '# # #'* '*""/,1, 14
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