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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS UNIVERSIDAD DEL PERÚ, DECANA DE AMÉRICA FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA GEOLÓGICA, MINERA, METALURGICA Y GEOGRÁFICA GEOGRÁFICA EAP ING. DE MINAS
LABORATORIO Nº2 C!"#$!%& '()*!%& INTEGRANTE •
LEÓN MENA +ANS UNIOR
PROFESOR-A •
ING. GODELIA CANC+ARI SILVERIO
CURSO •
LABORATORIO FISICO'UIMICA
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INDICE OBETIVO///////////////////.. ///.. INTRODUCCIÓN////////////////.. //... RESEA +ISTÓRICA/////////////////..3 FUNDAMENTOS TEORICOS/////////////.4 MATERIALES VISTOS EN CLASE/////////.. /..5 PROCESO E6PERIMENTAL////////.................7 CONCLUSIONES/////////////////.. /..1 REFERENCIAS/////////////////// /..1 APENDICE///////////////////// //1
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OBJETIVO: •
•
• •
•
M89!: 8;<8:!*8"$&=*8"$8 8= $!8*<> ?(8 $&:9& ("& :8&%%!@" ?()*!%& 8" &=%&"&: ("& 98$8:*!"&9& %>"%8"$:&%!@" & <&:$!: 98 =& *89!9& 989(%!: %>*> &:!& 88 $!8*<> 8" ("%!@" 98 =& %>"%8"$:&%!@" !"!%!&= 98 $!>(=&$> 98 >9!>. T8"8: (" %>">%!*!8"$> 8;<8:!*8"$&= 98= <:>%8> 98 %!"#$!%& ?()*!%& C>">%8: &= 98$&==8 %&9& <&> 98 =& :8&%%!@" ?()*!%&. O$8"8: =& 8=>%!9&9 98 :8&%%!@" & <&:$!: 98= $!8*<> 8;<8:!*8"$&= ! (88 <>!=8 %>*<&:&: %>" =& <&:$8 $8@:!%& +&==&: =& %(:& MH $-$!8*<> MH 1J$
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INTRODUCCION L& ?()*!%&, <>: ( *!*& "&$(:&=8&, 8 >%(<& 98= %&*!>. L& :8&%%!>"8 ?()*!%& %>"!8:$8" ($&"%!& %>" <:>$:> *&$8:!&=8 %>" <:> 98 =& :8&%%!>"8 ?()*!%& 8 >%(<& 98 =& >:*&%!@" 98 "(8& ($&"%!& & <&:$!: 98 (" %>"("$> 9&9> 98 :8&%$!>. P>: => $&"$>, 8 "8%8&:!> 8"$8"98: =& :&" ?(8 <(898" >%(::!: =& :8&%%!>"8 ?()*!%&. E" 8$8 =&>:&$>:!> 8 :8&=!&:>" <:>%89!*!8"$> 9!$!"$> <&:& &==&: =& %&"$!9&9 98 :8&%$!> & ($!=!&:8, 8" 8$8 %&> $!>(=&$> 98 >9!>, <&:& =(8> >$8"8: =& >=(%!@" ?(8 :8&%%!>"&:& %>" 8= %!9> %=>:)9:!%> 8 &?() 9>"98 $8"9:8*> ?(8 &%8: (> 98= $!8*<> <&:& 98$8:*!"&: =& 8=>%!9&9 98 :8&%%!@" <&:& %&9& ("> 98 =& >=(%!>"8.
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RESEÑA HISTORICA
CINETICA QUIMICA
10
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$8*<8:&$(:&. A::8"!( %(&"$!K%> 8= %>*<>:$&*!8"$> >:8 =& $8*<8:&$(:& 8" =& :&$:> ?(8 =& :&" =& 8$:(%$(:& 98 =& *>=#%(=& =& "&$(:&=8& 98 => 9!>=8"$8. L& <:!*8:& $8>:)& 98 =& :&" <:><(8$& 8"$:8 1557 170. E" 1557 A::8"!( 8%:!!@ ("& &*>& <(=!%&%!@" -ESTUDIOS DE LA DINAMICA 'UIMICA 9>"98 <:><(> ?(8 =& :8&%%!>"8 8:&" &%$!&9& <>:?(8 >=> =& *>=#%(=& %&=!8"$8 8" :8&=!9&9 <(898" :8&%%!>"&:. E$> %>"9(> & =& !98& ?(8 =& :&: =& :&=!!@" 98 =& *>=#%(=& %&=!8"$8. E" 1715, T:&($ L8! %(&"$!K%&:>" =& !98& *>$:&"9> ?(8 =& :&=!!@", <>: =& <:>&!=!9&9 98 ?(8 =& %>=!!@" %>"9(%& & =& :8&%%!@". E= *>98=> :8(=$&"$8 8 ==&*@ TEORIA DE COLISONES. A%$(&=*8"$8, =& CINETICA DE LAS REACCIONES 'UIMICAS 8 %>"!98:& ("& :&*& 98 =& T8:*>9!"*!%&, =& %(&= !"8$!& => 8$&9> !"$8:*89!> 98 =& $:&">:*&%!>"8 F)!%>X'()*!%& 9898 =& &:!&=8 $!8*<>, =& %(&= 8 !"8:8"$8*8"$8 98<8"9!8"$8 98= %&*!"> ?(8 !(8" $&=8 <:>%8>. A) >:8 =& &8 98= %>"%8<$> 98 :88:!!=!9&9 8" 8= 8?(!=!:!> ?()*!%>, 9898 (" 8">?(8 *&%:>%@, 8 ?(8 <&:*8$:> %>*> $8*<8:&$(:&, <:8!@", %>"%8"$:&%!@" $>*&" ("& !*<>:$&"%!& !"!K%&$!&, => 8$(9!> 8 &&" 8" 8$&9> 98 8?(!=!:!> <:>%8> :88:!=8 9898 (" 8">?(8 *!%:>%@ <>: => ?(8 $:&&& >:8 <&:*8$:> %>*> $8*<8:&$(:&, <:8!@". L& 9!8:8"%!& 8"$:8 =& C!"#$!%& =& T8:*>9!"*!%&, 8 ?(8 =&
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<:!*8:& 8$(9!& => <:>%8> )!%> ?()*!%> $>*&"9> 8" %(8"$& =& <8:<8%$!& $8*<>:&=.
MARCO TEORICO CINETICA QUIMICA L& %!"#$!%& ?()*!%& 8 (" :8& 98 =& K!%>?()*!%& ?(8 8 8"%&:& 98= 8$(9!> 98 =& :& %&*!& =& :& %>"9!%!>"8 &:!&=8 ?(# 88"$> *>=8%(=&:8 8 88%$&" 9(:&"$8 =& :8&%%!@" 8"8:&= -D!(!@", %!8"%!& 98 (<8:K%!8, %&$=!!. L& %!"#$!%& ?()*!%& 8 (" 8$(9!> <(:&*8"$8 8*<):!%> 8;<8:!*8"$&= =& ?()*!%& %("$!%& <8:*!$8 !"9&&: 8" =& *8%"!%& 98 :8&%%!@", => ?(8 8 %>">%8 %>*> 9!"*!%& ?()*!%&. VELOCIDAD DE REACCION.
L& 8=>%!9&9 98 (" (%8> 8 98K"8 %>*> 8= %&*!> ?(8 $!8"8 =(&: 8" (" !"$8:&=> 98 $!8*<>. L& &<=!%&%!>"8 98 =& ?()*!%& >" !""(*8:&=8, & ?(8, <>: 88*<=> •
E" =& 8=&>:&%!@" 98 (" <:>9(%$> !"$8:8& =& >$8"%!@" 98 =& *&>: *&& <>!=8 8" 8= *8">: $!8*<>
10 •
L& %>"8:&%!@" 98 ("& ($&"%!& 8" (8"& %>"9!%!>"8 *8>:& %(&"9> 8 %>"!(8 9!*!"(!: =& 8=>%!9&9 %>" =& ?(8 8 &=$8:& =& *!*&.
S8 8;<:8& 8"8:&=*8"$8 8" *>=8 <>: =!$:> 98 ("> 98 => :8&%$&"$8 ?(8 8 %>"(*8" 8" %&9& %&"$!9&9 ("!9&9 98 $!8*<> -8, > *!", > !8" 8" *>=8 <>: =!$:> 98 ("> 98 => <:>9(%$> ?(8 8 %>"$!$(8" 8" =& ("!9&9 98 $!8*<>. VZ[\ HJ\$ P&:& %=%(=> 98 *>=&:!9&9, ">:*&=!9&9 >=(*8" M =
%w.ρ.10 ´ M
N 1 . V 1= N 2 . V 2
MATERIALES Y REACTIVOS 98 >9!> - Na S O ¿ . V&> 98 <:8%! 98 230 *L. Á%!9> C=>:)9:!%> C>"%8"$:&9>. A(& 98$!=&9&. V&> 98 <:8%! &(;!=!&:. F!>=& 98 100 *=. V!9:!> 98 :8=>, 8<$(=&, T!>(=&$>
2
2
3
&:!==& 98 !9:!>. C:>">*8$:>. P&<8= =&"%>. M&$:& 98 E:=8"*88: 98 123 *=.
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PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL E*<8&*> <>: &%8: => %=%(=> :8<8%$!> <&:& >$8"8: =& %&"$!9&9 "8%8&:!& 98 +C= ?(8 "8%8!$&*> *89!&"$8 =& @:*(=& •
•
M =
%w.ρ.10 ´ M
N 1 . V 1= N 2 . V 2
E" 8$8 %&> => 9&$> >" => !(!8"$8 ]Z 4]
ΡZ
1.12J*=
NZ
E"$>"%8 "8%8!$&:8*> :88*<=&&: => 9&$> 8" =& >:*(=& A)
10 M = N =
37 .1,12 .10 36.46
=11.4
L(8>
6 x 100 ml = 11.4 x V 2
V2Z32. *=
CONCENTRADO PARA OBTENER UNA DISOLUCION DE 2M
A+ORA
C>*> =& 98"!9&9 98= :8=& 98 .
Na2 S O3 ¿
8 0J*= &%8*> ("&
0 -&= XXXXXXXXXXXXXX1000*= 6 -&= XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX130*= 6 Z Na 2 S2 O 3+ HCl → S + S O2 + NaCl + H 2 O
Na2 S O3 ¿
30 0 0
+C=-2M 3 3 3
+2O
TIEMPO
XXX 10 20
20,3 2,30 5,13
10
20 10
3 3
0 0
37,53 12
TOMANDO LAS MEDIDAS DEL REACTIVO:
M&& <=&$> : M&& <=&$> ^ S&= 40.01 M&& S&= .01
´ =158 M
M 1 V 1 + M 2 V 2= M T V T
Q1 X 2:
2g 50 ml∗158
∗50 ml + 2 M ∗5 ml = M T ∗55 ml
M T = 0.412
Q2X 1.:
M T = 0.36
QX 1.2:
M T = 0.32
QX 0.5:
M T = 0.27
Q3X 0.:
M T = 0.228
E= $!8*<> (8 >$8"!9> 98= <:>%8> 98 =& :8&%%!@" ?(8 8" 8$8 %&> (8 9898 8= *>*8"$> 98 =& %>*!"&%!@" 98 %>*<(8$> &$& ?(8 8$& 8 $>:"&& 9!8:8"$8 & =& !$&, &(*!8"9> &) ?(8 8$8 $!8*<> 8 8= $!8*<> 98 :8&%%!@".
RESULTADOS
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GRAFICA []vsT!"#$ 0.3 0. 0.3 0. [ ] T$S'()*+$ ,! S$,$
0.23 0.2 0.13 0.1 0.03 0 0
30
100
130
TIEMPO%S&
200
230
00
10
GRAFICA []vs-+ 0.3 0. 0.3 0. [ ] T$S'()*+$ ,! S$,$
0.23 0.2 0.13 0.1 0.03 0 0
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.0
0.0
0.0
-+%s/0-&
CONCLUSIONES U"& 8 $8:*!"&9& =& 8;<8:!8"%!& <>98*> %>"%=(!: ?(8 =& :8&%%!>"8 $!8"8" (" "!%> %>*<>:$&*!8"$> ?(8 &* 8 :8<8$!: 98 =& *!*& *&"8:& !"> 98 >:*& !*!=&: ?(8 8" =& *89!9& ?(8 (&*> *&>: %>"%8"$:&%!@" =& :8&%%!@" 8: * 8=>, *!8"$:& 8$8 8 && 9!=(8"9> =& :8&%%!@" 8: * =8"$&. A98* $8"8*> ("& !98& 98 %@*> 8 >:*&" =& ("%!>"8 <&:& =& %(:& 8" =& :K%& H T!8*<> H :8%(8"%!&.
REFERENCIAS
10 •
L!:> 98 FISICO'UIMICA GASTON PONS MU__O
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'UIMICA LE6US
APENDICE
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10
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