Informe 1 Diagrama de Fases Liquido Liquido

LABORATORIO LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUÍMICA FISICOQUÍ MICA II - UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑO DIAGRAMA DE FASES LIQUIDO-LIQUIDO

. Palabras clave: fase, miscibilidad, sistema.

Resumen: Se determino exeriment!"mente e" di!#r!m! de $!%e% de &ex!no en

nitro'en(eno) en e" (*!" %e *do o'%er+!r "! temer!t*r! (r,ti(! "! (*!" $*e de .C o or or en(i en(im! m! de e% e%t! t! tem temer er!t !t*r *r! ! "o% "o% do% do% (om (omon onen ente te%% %on %on (om (om"e "et! t!me ment nte e mi%(i'"e%) !%, (omo t!m'i/n %e o'%er+o 0*e ! medid! 0*e "! (!ntid!d de &ex!no !*ment! en (om!r!(i1n de" nitro'en(eno "! temer!t*r! de mi%(i'i"id!d e% m*(&o menor2

Introducción

M*(&o% ",0*ido% re%ent!n e" $en1meno de mi%(i'i"id!d !r(i!") e%te e% rod*(ido or re*"%i1n entre entre "!% mo"/(*"!% de "o% (omonente% de "! me3("! !%, (omo %*(ede (on e" %i%tem! %i%tem! $orm!do $orm!do entre &ex!no &ex!no 4 nitro'en nitro'en(eno (eno)) !%, (*!ndo %e !#re#! *n! (!ntid!d e0*e5! de *n! %e#*nd! %*%t!n(i!) (!!3 de di%o"+er%e en "! rimer!) d!r6 "*#!r ! "! $orm!(i1n $orm!(i1n de *n %i%tem! 'i+!ri!nte) *e% e" n7mero de (omonente% e% 8 4 e" n7mero de $!%e% t!m'i/n2 A temer!t*r! (on%t!nte) "! re%i1n de" %i%tem! e% *n! *n! $*n( $*n(i1 i1n n de "! (om (omo% o%i( i(i1 i1n2 n2 Si e" %e#* %e#*nd ndo o (om (omon onen ente te e% *n ",0* ",0*id ido o !r(i!"mente %o"*'"e en e" mi%mo 4 %e !#re#! en (!ntid!de% (re(iente%) "! %o"*(i1n re%*"t!nte erm!ne(er6 &omo#/ne! 4 %* (omo%i(i1n 4 re%i1n %e modi9(!r6n (ontin*!mente (ontin*!mente &!%t! 0*e "! (on(entr!(i1n !"(!n(e !"(!n(e *n +!"or de9nido ! !rtir de" (*!" "! %*%t!n(i! no (ontin*!r6 di%o"+i/ndo%e 4 e%to d!r6 "*#!r ! "! $orm!(i1n de do% $!%e% ",0*id!%) Deendiendo de "!% (ondi(ione% de (on(entr!(i1n 4 temer!t*r! *n! me3( me 3("! "! 'in! 'in!ri ri! ! de do% do% ",0* ",0*id ido% o% *ed *ede e re% re%en ent! t!r% r%e e $orm $orm!n !ndo do *n! *n! 7ni( 7ni(! ! $!%e $!%e &omo#/ne! o $orm!ndo do% $!%e% (on (on(entr!(ione% di%tint!%) (on *n! inter$!(e %e!r6ndo"!%2 %e!r6ndo"!%2 E%te $en1meno %e denomin! %e!r!(i1n %e!r!(i1n de $!%e% o t!m'i/n tr!n%i(i1n de $!%e ",0*ido-",0*ido2 En *n di!#r!m! (on(entr!(i1n - temer!t*r! !!re(er6 *n! (*r+! de (oexi%ten(i! de $!%e%) 0*e %e!r! "! re#i1n donde e" %i%tem! %e re%ent! en *n! %o"! $!%e de "! re#i1n en "! 0*e e" %i%tem! %e re%ent! en do% $!%e%2 E" m6ximo de "! (*r+! de (oexi%ten(i! e% *n *nto (r,ti(o) 0*e %e denomin! *nto (on%o (on%o"*t "*to2 o2 Termod ermodin6 in6mi mi(!m (!ment ente) e) e" !r6m !r6metr etro o 0*e 0*e (ontr (ontro"! o"! %i e" %i%t %i%tem! em! %e re%ent! en *n! o do% $!%e% e% e" oten(i!" de i''% mo"!r de me3("!: m A A B B  ; x < = > x < =2 L! $*n(i1n $*n(i1n m e% "! di$ere di$eren(i n(i! ! de ener#,! ener#,! "i're "i're or mo" entre entre "! me3("! &omo#/ne! 4 "!% do% $!%e% %e!r!d!%2 Se#7n %e! "! (on(!+id!d de m (omo $*n(i1n de "! (on(entr!(i1n) e" %i%tem! %e re%ent! en *n! $!%e ?(on(!+id!d o%iti o%iti+!@ +!@ o en do% $!%e% $!%e% ?(on( ?(on(!+i !+id!d d!d ne#!ti ne#!ti+!@ +!@22 D!do D!do 0*e 0*e "! $orm!( $orm!(i1n i1n de "!% %o"*(ione% e%t6 !(om!5!d! (on (!m'io% t/rmi(o%) "! %o"*'i"id!d %o"*'i"id!d *ede !*ment!r o

LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUÍMICA II - UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑO di%min*ir (on e" in(remento de "! temer!t*r!2 L!% do% %o"*(ione% 0*e ! *n! temer!t*r! d!d! (oexi%ten en e0*i"i'rio) %e denomin!n %o"*(ione% (on*#!d!%2

Metodología

Resultados y discusión Tabla 1. roor(i1n 4 $r!((i1n mo"!r de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno Tubo % e!ano "e!ano

1

2

3

4

5

6

.





G

H



En *n %i%tem! $orm!do or do% %*%t!n(i!% 0*e %on !r(i!"mente mi%(i'"e%) e% de(ir 0*e no %e me3("!n en tod!% "!% roor(ione% ! (*!"0*ier temer!t*r!) %e o'tiene *n! %o"*(i1n &etero#/ne!) (on "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %e#*nd! $!%e (on*#!d! de "! rimer! (omo e% e" (!%o de" %i%tem! de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno 4 0*e (on%i%te en *n! (!ntid!d e0*e5! de n-&ex!no en nitro'en(eno) t!" (omo %e o'%er+! en "! t!'"! J2 Si "! temer!t*r! %e e"e+!) %e !"(!n3! *n +!"or !" (*!" "! %e#*nd! $!%e de%!!re(e) 4 e" %i%tem! 'in!rio !%! ! tener *n! %o"! $!%e ero or !#re#!do

LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUÍMICA II - UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑO o%terior de %o"*to ! e%! n*e+! temer!t*r! T) %e o'tienen otr! +e3 do% $!%e% (on*#!d!% 4 n*e+!mente %er6 ne(e%!rio !*ment!r "! temer!t*r! !r! 0*e "!% $!%e% %e!n mi%(i'"e%2 Anot!ndo "!% temer!t*r!% de mi%(i'i"id!d 4 "!% (!ntid!de% de n-&ex!no !#re#!do %o're nitro'en(eno %e o'tiene "! (*r+! de %o"*'i"id!d de n-&ex!no en nitro'en(eno2 Se *ede (omro'!r 0*e) (*!ndo "! temer!t*r! !*ment! &!%t! !roxim!d!mente .o e" n-&ex!no e% %o"*'"e en nitro'en(eno en tod!% "!% roor(ione%) mientr!% 0*e or de'!o de e%! temer!t*r!) exi%te *n! 3on! de (on(entr!(i1n 4 temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" !!re(en "!% do% $!%e% (on*#!d!%2 or otro "!do) %e odr,! o'tener *n! (*r+! de %o"*'i"id!d de nitro'en(eno en &ex!no) %i %e !#re#!n (!ntid!de% (ono(id!% de nitro'en(eno %o're *n! (!ntid!d determin!d! de &ex!no 4 %e miden "!% temer!t*r!% ! "!% (*!"e% %e rod*(en "!% (orre%ondiente% mi%(i'i"id!de% de "!% $!%e% (on*#!d!%) !%, (omo en e" ro(edimiento !nterior2 Exi%te *n *nto) en e" (*!" "!% do% (*r+!% %on (om*ne%) e% de(ir 0*e "! %o"*(i1n de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno tiene "! mi%m! (omo%i(i1n 0*e "! %o"*(i1n de nitro'en(eno en &ex!no2 A e%te *nto %e "o denomin! *nto (r,ti(o o de (odi%o"*(i1n 4 "! temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" o(*rre) %e "e nom'r! (omo temer!t*r! (r,ti(! o de (odi%o"*(i1n2 L! (omo%i(i1n *ede t!m'i/n denomin!r%e (on(entr!(i1n (r,ti(!2 #sta $arte no se si colocarla E%t! temer!t*r! ! "! (*!" !!re(en n*e+!mente "!% do% $!%e% no di9ere m*(&o de "! temer!t*r! o'%er+!d! !r! "! mi%(i'i"id!d 4 "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %o"! $!%e de" %i%tem!) t!" (omo %e *ede o'%er+!r en "! t!'"! 82 En e%e *nto "!% (!ntid!de% re"!ti+!% de !m'!% $!%e% e%t6n d!d!% or "! re#"! de "! !"!n(!) e% de(ir "! (omo%i(i1n de "!% do% $!%e% en e" e0*i"i'rio +!ri! (on "! temer!t*r!) !%, (omo "! mi%(i'i"id!d entre e""o%) e% !%, (omo &!(iendo +!ri!% reeti(ione% ! di$erente% roor(ione% de &ex!no en nitro'en(eno %e o't*+o e" di!#r!m! de $!%e% 0*e %e o'%er+! m6% !de"!nte 9#*r! J2  T!'"! 82 Temer!t*r!% de mi%(i'i"id!d de &ex!no 4 nitro'en(eno  Temer!t*r ! Co &ex!no nitro'en(e no Fi#*r! J2 Di!#r!m! de $!%e% "i0*ido-"i0*ido &ex!no 4 nitro'en(eno2

LABORATORIO DE FISICOQUÍMICA II - UNIVERSIDAD DE NARIÑO

De "! 9#*r! J di!#r!m! de $!%e% de" %i%tem! o'tenido %e *ede de(ir 0*e "! temer!t*r! (riti(! en "! (*!" %e rod*(e "! %e!r!(i1n de "!% $!%e% e% . C o or en(im! de e%t! temer!t*r! "o% do% (omonente% de "! me3("! %on tot!"mente mi%(i'"e%2 E%to %e de'e ! 0*e e" mo+imiento t/rmi(o %*er! "! ener#,! oten(i!" 0*e m!ntiene *nid!% "!% mo"/(*"!% de *n mi%mo tio) !%, mi%mo %e *ede de(ir 0*e en "! medid! 0*e "! roor(i1n de &ex!no %i#*e !*ment!ndo 4 "! de nitro'en(eno di%min*4e "! mi%(i'i"id!d !%, (omo "! $orm!(i1n de "!% do% $!%e% %e o'%er+! ! *n! temer!t*r! m*(&o menor) 4! 0*e "! $orm!(i1n de *n! %o"! $!%e (*!ndo "! roor(i1n de &ex!no e%  ! J de nitro'en(eno %e &!(e ! temer!t*r! !m'iente or "o (*!" $*e ne(e%!rio re!"i3!r *n '!5o de &ie"o !r! oder o'%er+!r "! $orm!(i1n de "!% do% $!%e%) e%to %*(edi1 (on e" 7"timo en%!4o2 onclusiones •

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Con e%te %en(i""o exerimento %e *ede o'%er+!r "!% temer!t*r!% ! "!% (*!"e% do% ",0*ido% %on mi%(i'"e% (om"et!mente de%*/% de *n! temer!t*r! (riti(!2 A" !*ment!r "! temer!t*r! de" %i%tem! !*ment! "! %o"*'i"id!d de *n (omonente en e" otro2 E" Di!#r!m! de F!%e e% de #r!n imort!n(i! 4! 0*e medi!nte e" en(ontr!mo% "o% di$erente% tio% de e%t!do% de *n m!teri!" 0*e %on %i%tem!% 0*e +!n en $*n(i1n de tod!% "!% $!%e% de (!m'io% 0*e rere%ent!n determin!d!% (ondi(ione% de re%i1n) temer!t*r! 4 (omo%i(i1n 0*e ! !rtir de e%to% di!#r!m!% odemo% o'tener in$orm!(ione% r6id!mente de (*!" odemo% o'tener %!ti%$!(torio% re%*"t!do% 0*e +!n en $*n(i1n de "o% e0*i"i'rio% de e%te %i%tem!% en (omo%i(i1n de %* $!%e2