Industrial Internship Report

ICB 3047: STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT (SIP) JANUARY 2013 SEMESTER 20th JANUARY – 30 30th APRIL 2014 HOST COMPANY: PETRONAS CARIGALI SDN. BHD. SABAH OPERATION

PROJECT TITLE: GAS LIFT VALVE CHANGE USING SLICKLINE FOR SELECTED SUMANDAK FIELD

Name

: MUHAMMAD HAIRI B MURSALIM

ID Number

: 14545

Course

: PETROLEUM ENGINEERING

HC SV

: M NORHAFIFI B BOHRO

UTP SV

: A/P DR. MUHANNAD TALIB SHUKER

STUDENT INDUSTRIAL PROJECT REPORT

VERIFICATION STATEMENT

I hereby verify that this report was written by Muhammad Hairi B Mursalim (I/C No: 920406125017)

and all information regarding this company are NOT Confidential.

Host Company Supervisor’s S upervisor’s Signature & Stamp: Name:

M Norhafifi B Bohro

Designation: Host Company:

Well Intervention Engineer Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd Sabah Operation (PCSB-SBO) 8th April 2014

Date:

i


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to Almighty God, Allah S.W.T. that because of the grace and strength that been given to me to undergo and finish the first phase of my industrial training with ease at PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd. Sabah Operation (PCSB - SBO). I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the host company, PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd Sabah Operation (PCSB-SBO) for giving me the opportunities to undergo my internship training with the company. I would like to say thank you to host company that have given me this magnificent opportunities. Also, a million thanks to Mr. M Faizal M Sulaiman, Well Intervention Manager, my industrial training supervisor, Mr M Norhafifi Bohro, and Mr. M Azza Zaini, Well Integrity Engineer, for their continuous effort, great supervision and guidance throughout this whole process of my internship. This gratitude also goes to all those involve directly and indirectly towards the entire process: 

SWI Engineers



All SWI staff



Service Provider Engineers



Fellow trainees in PETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd

Lastly to my beloved parents and family for giving me moral supports and full attention when needed the most.

ii


TABLE OF CONTENT No

1.0

2.0

Content

Page

VERIFICATION STATEMENT

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

LIST OF FIGURES & TABLES

v

ABSTRACT

1

INTRODUCTION

2

1.1 Objectives

3

1.2 Scope of Study

4

1.3 Problem Statement

5

1.4 The relevancy of the project

5

BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW

6

2.1 Critical Analysis Literature - Gas Lift Principles - Sumandak Field Background - Type of Gas Lift Valve - Slickline

6 11 12 16

2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Frame 3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

17

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Methodology

18

3.2 Key Milestone

19

3.3 Gantt Chart

20

3.4 Tools Required

21

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

23

4.2 Data Gathering/ Data Analysis

27

4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype/ Project Deliverables

33

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Impact

34

6.3 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation

35

SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUE OF THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES

6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience gained 6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention 6.1.2 Young Professional Club iii

36 36 41


6.1.3 Communication Skills 6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Skills 6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day 6.2.2 Initiative 6.2.3 Teamwork

41 42 43 44 45

6.3 Business values, ethics, and management skills

46

6.4 Problems or challenges faced and solutions to overcome them

50

7.0

REFERENCES

52

8.0

APPENDICES

53

iv


LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

Description Dummy Gas Lift Valve Configuration of typical gas lift well Unloading Sequences Unloader Valve type IPO Unloader Valve type PPO Operating Valve type Orifice Dummy Valve Winch Unit Power Pack Gantt chart Drift LIB Kick-over Tool Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01 Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08 Well Intervention History for SUDP A01 Well Intervention History for SUDP A08 Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01 Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08 Toolstring Configuration Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01 Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08 Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01 Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08 Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM. Example of well schematic diagram Screen shot of Peer Review slide Screen shot of NOWIP Deleum Training Well Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve Performing Practical Exam Pump that used during greasing and sealing SWI Away Day My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST

v

Page 2 6 7-10 12 13 14 14 15 15 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 26 26 27 28 28 29 29 30 31 33 33 38 38 39 39 43 44


Abstract

Gas lifting is the most selected method for production enhancement purpose in Sabah Operations due to huge amount of gas source is available for utilization. However, maximum potential production of well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 cannot be achieved due to poor design of gas lift valve configuration of the wells. Due to the problem stated, further analysis was carried out to design the gas lift configuration and executing the Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) job using one of the wireline type, called Slickline in order to enhance the production of the well by accommodating new gas lift optimization. This paper will explain detail theoretical and practical procedures of GLVC job and how new gas lift configuration can maximize the maximum potential of the wells producing oil.

1


Gas Lift Valve Change Chapter 1: Introduction

Gas lift is a method of artificial lift that uses an external source of high pressure gas for supplementing formation gas to lift the well fluids. The principle of gas lift is that gas injected into the tubing reduces the density of the fluids i n the tubing, and the bubbles have a “scrubbing” action on the liquids. Both factors act to lower the flowing bottomhole pressure (BHP) at the bottom of the tubing. Gas lift technology increases oil production rate by injection of compressed gas into the lower section of tubing through the casing – tubing annulus and an orifice installed in the tubing string. Upon entering the tubing, the compressed gas affects liquid flow in two ways: (a) the energy of expansion propels (pushes) the oi l to the surface and (b) the gas aerates the oil so that the effective density of the fluid is less and, thus, easier to get to the surface. There are four categories of wells in which a gas lift can be considered: a) High productivity index (PI), high bottom hole pressure (BHP) wells. b) High PI, low BHP wells. c) Low PI, high BHP wells. d) Low PI, low BHP wells Wells having a PI of 0.50 or less are classified as low productivity wells. Wells having a PI greater than 0.50 are classified as high productivity wells. High bottom-hole pressures will support a fluid column equal to 70% of the well depth. Low bottom-hole pressures will support a fluid column less than 40% of the well depth. Gas lift technology has been widely used in the oil fields that produce sandy and gassy oils. Crooked/deviated holes present no problem. Well depth is not a limitation. It is also applicable to offshore operations. Lifting costs for a large number of wells are generally very low. However, it

2

Figure 1: Dummy Gas

Lift Valve


requires lift gas within or near the oil fields. It is usually not efficient in lifting small fields with a small number of wells if gas compression equipment is required. Gas lift advancements in pressure control and automation systems have enabled the optimization of individual wells and gas lift systems. As I am attached to Well Intervention department which doing well service maintenances using wireline, one of the intervention job that this department do is Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) using slickline. Therefore, I decided to take gas lift valve change as my project title because it is related t o what I have learnt back in university. Also, I have attended slickline training which one of the course covered was on how to carry out gas lift valve change. This GLVC project focus on two wells in Sumandak fields, which are Sumandak drilling platform (SUDP) A01 and SUDP A08. Both of the well are currently in production without gas lift valve.

1.1 Objectives

The objectives of this Gas Lift Valve Change project study includes: 1. To perform GLVC at SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 to accommodate new gas lift optimization. 2. To obtain instantaneous production gain and bean up to its potential, subject to reservoir pressure respond. 3. To study the effect of new gas lift valve configuration to the oil production of the well.

3


1.2 Scope of Study

The scope of the project study will consist of: 1. Well information. This project will study on the detailed information of the well which consists of the X-mas tree and wellhead valves current pressure, the well maximum deviation, tubing and casing head pressure and also the flowing status of the well.

2. Type of gas lift valve that are installed. There are three types of gas lift valve that is used in this project which are dummy valve, orifice valve and unloader valve. The type of gas lift valve used is being study to get more information on the function of each gas lift valve.

3. Completion schematic diagram. The need to study the completion schematic diagram for both well is to know the completion accessories that has been installed and the depth of each completion accessories to ease the well intervention process in the future.

4. Well intervention history of the well. The history is focusing on the past well intervention job that has been performed on the well including the depth of restriction (if exist) that can prevent smooth run of slickline in the tubing.

5. Tools, equipment and procedure for GLVC. This project also will study on the tools and equipment that will use to perform GLVC and the detail procedure on how to carry out gas lift valve change.

4


1.3 Problem Statement

The idea of the project is basicall y to increase the production of the wells, because based on the reservoir pressure respond, the wells can maximize its production by changing the configuration of the gas lift valve in an eas y way and cost effective. Since the reservoir pressure is declining with time, then there is a need to accommodate the well with new gas lift design to increase the rate of production.

1.4 The Relevancy of the Project

Gas lift valve change need to be done at: a) SUDP A01: To improve production by injecting gas t hrough orifice at the second side pocket mandrel. This is due to the high THP (400 psi) and high operating pressure of the current setting (980 psi at first GLM) making impossible for the gas to enter the tubing. b) SUDP A08: to improve production by injecting gas through orifice at 3 rd mandrel. The well is currently flowing without gas lift.

5


CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Critical Analysis Literature

A complete gas lift system consists of a gas compression station, a gas injection manifold with injection chokes and time cycle surface controllers, and a tubing string with installations of unloading valves and operating valve, and a down-hole chamber.

Figure 2: Configuration of typical gas lift well

Figure 2 depicts a configuration of a gas-lifted well with installations of unloading valves and operating valve on the tubing string. The concept are: 1. High pressure gas injected into fluid column to reduce fluid column density (lighten up the fluid column) in order to increase the drawdown for optimum well production. 2. Gas injected into fluid column through gas lift valve that being installed at Side Pocket Mandrel (SPM). 3. Gas supplied injected to production casing and control from surface. There are four principal advantages to be gained by the use of multiple valves in a well:

6


1. Deeper gas injection depths can be achieved by using valves for wells with fixed surface injection pressures. 2. Variation in the well’s productivity can be obtained by selectively injecting gas valves set at depths higher or lower in the tubing string. 3. Gas volumes injected into the well can be metered into the well by the valves. 4. Intermittent gas injection at progressively deeper set valves can be carried out to kick off a well to either continuous or intermittent flow.

Detailed mechanism of Gas Lift Valve unloading sequences:

Figure 3(a): Unloading sequence

1. The fluid level in the casing and tubing is at surface. No gas is being injected into the casing and no fluid is being produced. All gas lift valves are open. The pressure to open the valves is provided by the weight of the fl uid in the casing and the tubing. 2. Note that the fluid level in the tubing and casing will be determined by the shut in bottom hole pressure (SIBHP) and the hydrostatic head or weight of the column of fluid is in turn determined by the density.

7


Figure 3(b): Unloading sequence

3. Gas injection into the casing has begun. Fluid is U-tubed through all the open gas lift valves. No formation fluids are being produced because the pressure in the wellbore at perforation depth is greater than the reservoir pressure.

Figure 3(c): Unloading sequence

4. The fluid level has been unloaded to the top gas lif t valve. This aerates the fluid above the top gas lift valve, decreasing the fluid density. This reduces the pressure in the tubing at the top gas lift valve, and also at all valves below the top valve. If this reduction pressure is sufficient to give some drawdown at the perforation then the well will start to produce formation fluid.

8


Figure 3(d): Unloading sequence

5. The fluid level in the casing has been lowered to a point below the second gas lift valve. The top two gas lift valves are open and gas being injected through both valves. The tubing has now been unloaded sufficiently to reduce the flowing bottom hole pressure (FBHP) below that of the SIBHP this gives a differential pressure from the reservoir to the wellbore producing a flow of formation fluid.

Figure 3(e): Unloading sequence

6. Valve No. 1 is closed now due to the reduction pressure in the casing. The No. 3 valve has now been uncovered. Valves 2 and 3 are both open and passing gas. Note that the deeper the point of injection, the lower the FBHP and thus greater drawdown on the well, then the greater the production rate.

9


Figure 3(f): Unloading sequence

7. The No. 2 is now closed. Valve 3 is the operating valve in this example. This is because the ability of the reservoir to produce fluid matches the abilit y of the tubing to remove fluids (Inflow/Outflow Performance). The operating valve can either be an orifice valve or gas lift valve. The valve in mandrel no. 4 will remain submerge unless operating conditions or reservoir condition changes.

10


Sumandak Field Background

In general, Sumandak area consist of 5 fields which are Sumandak Main, Sumandak Tengah, Sumandak Selatan, Sumandak Ujong and Sumandak Tepi. Sumandak-A (SUDP-A) platform was successfully installed at location on October 2006. SUDP-A field development project has opted for open hole completion for all of the 21 wells. This completion system was deployed to 14 oil producers (OP), 2 water injectors (WI) , 1 gas well and 4 combination wells of OP and WI (Kumar, Sapian, Sal mi, 2009). Sumandak Drilling Platform A01:

SUDP A01 completed on 30 November 2006. The well is a single completion oil producer with total depth of 5398 ftMDDF. The well has five side pocket mandrel, which slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and 1 orifice at the last mandrel. Maximum deviation of the well is 45.5 o. The well is currently in production without gas lift supply. Sumandak Drilling Platform A08:

SUDP A08 completed on 18 May 2007 with single completion oil producer. The total depth of the well is 4495ftMDDF, complete with sand screen and five side pocket mandrel. The mandrel initially slotted with unloader valve at the first 4 mandrel and orifice for the last mandrel. The well also flowing without gas lift supply.

11


Type of Gas Lift Valve

1. Unloading Valve: Injection Pressure Operated (IPO)

Figure 4: Unloader Valve type IPO The opening/closing of the valve are controlled by the injection pressure to the casing. Then, the casing pressure will exert ed to the bellow while the tubing pressure will exerted to the ball. The pros and cons of an IPO are: Pros: a) Better gas lift control - less sensitive to well heading problems b) Suitable for high rate applications as valves can be designed for high throughput c) Fewer mandrels and valves are required d) Most commonly used valve in the industry Cons: a) Higher injection pressure required to achieve same injection depth as a PPO valve b) Stable injection gas pressure is required

12


2. Unloading Valve: Production Pressure Operated (PPO)

Figure 5: Unloader Valve type PPO The opening and closing of the valve is controlled by the fluid pressure from the tubing. The casing pressure is exerted to ball while casing pressure is exerted to bellow. The pros and cons of a PPO are: Pros: a) Deeper injection achievable for a given injection pressure b) In dual completions the use of PPO’S minimises string interference c) Not greatly influenced by fluctuations in casing pressure. Cons: a) Closer valve spacing is generally required b) Well Performance must be known accurately c) Generally only applicable to stable wells d) Gas throughput can be constrained and valve behaviour can be affected by small port size. Particularly for smaller valves (1” or less)

13


e) It is often difficult to determine whether production anomalies are a result of inflow/tubing behaviour or valve malfunction. 3. Operating Valve: Orifice

Figure 6: Operating Valve type Orifice

Function of orifice valve is to provide opening for gas from casing to tubing. Orifice valve also act as an operation valve or point of injection. The orifice is open for continuous injection. 4. Dummy Valve

Figure 7: Dummy Valve

Dummy valve is use to plug and protect the side pocket mandrel. It al so prevent tubing and casing communication. 14


Slickline

Slickline refers to a single strand wire which is used to run tools into wellbore for several purposes. Slickline looks like a long, smooth, unbraided wire, often shiny, silver/chrome in appearance. It comes in varying lengths, according to the depth of wells in the area it is used (it can be ordered to specification) up to 35,000 feet in length. It is used to lower and raise downhole tools used in oil and gas well maintenance to the appropriate depth of the drilled well.

Figure 8: Winch unit

Slickline is more commonly used in production tubing. The wireline operator monitors at surface the slickline tension via a weight indicator gauge and the depth via a depth counter 'zeroed' from surface, lowers the downhole tool to the proper

Figure 9: Power pack

depth, completes the job by manipulating the downhole tool mechanically, checks to make sure it worked if possible, and pulls the tool back out by winding the slickline back onto the drum it was spooled from. The slickline drum is controlled by a hydraulic pump, which in turn is controlled by the 'slickline operator'. (Wikipedia, 2014) Slickline unit usually consist of winch unit, power pack, lubricator, blow-out preventer, stuffing box and downhole toolstring.

15


Slickline usually use for intervention job which consists of: a) Routine valve change (RVC): To retrieve and set wireline retrievable surface control sub-surface safety valve (WRSCSSV) for RVC job. b) Gas lift valve change (GLVC): To retrieve and ins tall gas lift valve at side s ide pocket mandrel. c) Set/retrieve plug: Plug which act as a downhole barriers. d) Open/close SSD: To change producing zone or zonal isolation. e) Static/Flowing gradient survey: To perform bottomhole pressure survey. f) Fishing: To release downhole tool stuck.

A continuous gas lift operation is a steady-state flow of the aerated fluid from the bottom (or near bottom) of the well to the surface. Intermittent gas lift operation is characterized by a start-and-stop flow from the bottom (or near bottom) of the well to the surface. This is unsteady unste ady state flow. In continuous gas lift, a small volume of high pressure gas is introduced into the tubing t ubing to aerate or lighten li ghten the fluid column. col umn. This allows the flowing bottom-hole pressure with the aid of the expanding injection gas to deliver liquid to the surface. To accomplish this efficiently, it is desirable to design a system that will permit injection through a single valve at the greatest depth possible with the available injection pressure. Continuous gas lift method is used in wells with a high PI (>0.5 stb/day/psi) and a reasonably high reservoir pressure relative to well depth. Intermittent gas lift method is suitable to wells with (1) high PI and low reservoir pressure or (2) low PI and low reservoir pressure. The type of gas lift operation used, continuous or intermittent, is also governed by the volume of fluids to be produced, the available lift gas as to both volume and pressure, and the well reservoir’s conditions such as the case when the high instantaneous BHP drawdown encountered with intermittent flow would cause excessive sand production, or coning, and/or gas into the wellbore.

16


2.2 Feasibility of the Project within the Scope and Time Ti me Frame

Analysis the feasibility in writing the project report is crucial because it determine whether the student can proceed with the propose project or not. Student have to think of all possibility that the project can go wrong from time constraint, student knowledge and resources. The assumption of this project is to create a project report using all the resources re sources time and knowledge available of the student and also with the guidance of host company supervisor and all SWI staff guiding the student for this project. The project is not entirely focused on Petroleum Engineering background, it also involves a bit about Mechanical Engineering background. For a future Petroleum Engineer, student will find this project very helpful for his career. Hence, it can be concluded that the project is feasible within the scope of an engineering background, and the time frame allocated is possible to finish up the entire project.

17


CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Methodology

Planning

• In this stage, all data that are need to initiate the project report are gathered. The data are including knowledge about the gas lift valve change and slickline operation. Also, studying the well history should included in the planning section.

• For the execution stage, all the knowledge about gas lift valve change and the slickline operation are being applied in the slickline training that the student attended.

Execution

Close-out

• All the data gathered from planning stage, experience from the execution stage and result analysis of the project are being compiled for writing project report and preparing for the final presentation.

18


3.2 Key Milestone

3.2.1

Creating Problem Statement

As in any project that is going to be done, there is al ways a reason why the project is proposed to be done. In this case, current gas lift valve configuration cannot optimize the production rate of the well. 3.2.2

Planning of the Project

During the planning phase, determine the feasibility of the project from time constraint, identifying problems, opportunities and objectives. During this stage, student were preparing the Notice of Well Intervention (NOWIP) paper where this paper consists of planning procedure for the job execution. Other than that, creating Gantt chart as a guidance in writing the project report. 3.3.3

Execution job

The execution phase usually comes after planning stage. During this stage, student are attending the slickline training where in this training provide the execution of gas lift valve change procedure. 3.3.4

Data Gathering and Analysis

After the execution job is done, then data gathering and analysis is performed. In this stage, all result after the gas lift valve change are being collected and make the analysis of the collected data. 3.3.5

Making a Conclusion

By using the data gathered and analysis that has been made, a conclusion has been finalized and writing up project report. Also, presentation are conducted in this stage

19


3.3 Gantt Chart

No.

Activities 1

1.

Identifying and planning the project

2.

Literature studies -NOWIP and Peer Review Preparation

3.

Training/Job execution

4.

Data gathering and analysis

5.

Project report

6.

Academic visit

2

3

Table 1: Gantt chart

20

4

5

6

Week 7 8

9

10

11

12

13

14


3.4 Tools Required

The tools and equipment required prior to perform gas lift valve change are : 1. Slickline unit equipment Winch unit 



Power pack



Pressure control equipment (stuffing box and BOPs)



Downhole toolstring

2. Drift 

Use to tag the fluid level in the tubing.



Use to check any restriction in the tubing.

Figure 10: Drift 3. Lead Impression Block (LIB) To obtain a ‘picture’ of the downhole restriction. 

Figure 11: LIB

4. Sand Bailer To remove restriction that cause by sand. 

21


5. Gas lift valve catcher A valve catcher should be set below the side pockets to ensure the valves do not drop into the casing. 

6. Kick-Over Tool To align the valve or pulling tool above the latch. 

Figure 12: Kick-Over Tool

7. GS Pulling Tool To retrieve gas lift valve catcher. 

Software

1. Microsoft Office (Word, Powerpoint) Microsoft Word was use to preparing the NOWIP and also for writing this project report. Microsoft Power Point was use to preparing the peer review slides. 2. Peloton Wellview Peloton Wellview was use to get the wellbore schematic diagram as well as the well intervention history.

22


CHAPTER 4: RESULT AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

Before starting a wireline intervention, it is common practices for the production technologist from Petroleum Engineering Division to propose and advise the intervention engineer about the suitable job to be perform taking into factor of time, environment, job scope and engineer ’s ability to finish the job. In this case, well SUDP-A01 and SUDP-A08 need to perform gas lift valve change to accommodate a new gas lift optimization as per production technologist suggestion to increase the production of the well.

The proposed gas lift valve

configuration are:

(a) SUDP-A01 Mandrel

Depth (ft)

Current

Proposed

1

1610

GLV (IPO)

Dummy

2

2796

GLV (IPO)

Orifice

3

3644

GLV (IPO)

Dummy

4

4178

GLV (IPO)

Dummy

5

4586

Orifice

Dummy

Table 2: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A01 The design of the gas lift valve configuration for well SUDP A01 are due to certain factors. First is due to high tubing head pressure (THP), which is 400 psi, and high operating pressure of the current pressure setting for the unloader valve, which is 980 psi at the first mandrel, creating impossible situation for the gas to enter the tubing. This is because the casing head pressure (CHP) vary from 750 to 850 psi, so the CHP is not enough to open the unloader valve, thus the gas lift system is not working.

23


However, the well now is flowing without gas lift supply, which means the reservoir pressure is still strong enough to push the fluid to the surface but with low production rate. Therefore, the idea of changing the gas lift valve configuration is to maximizing the production rate of the well by installing orifice valve at the second side pocket mandrel and installing dummy valve at mandrel 1, 3, 4 and 5. For well SUDP A08, the proposed of gas lift valve design are based on the static gradient survey (SGS) data, which in this surve y one can get fluid level in the tubing, pressure and temperature of the borehole and estimated reser voir pressure for the selected zone. Based on SGS results, the fluid level is on the first mandrel. Therefore, there is a need to put unloader valve at the first mandrel followed by orifice on the second mandrel so that the unloader can provide the opening during the injection gas goes into the casing to the tubing, thus lighten the fluid column and provide a continuous flow fluid to the surface. (b) SUDP-A08 Mandrel

Depth (ft)

Current

Proposed

1

1299

GLV (IPO)

GLV (IPO)

2

2187

GLV (IPO)

Orifice

3

2817

GLV (IPO)

Dummy

4

3336

GLV (IPO)

Dummy

5

3853

Orifice

Dummy

Table 3: Current vs. Proposed GLV Configuration for A08

24


In order to know whether GLVC is suitable to be done is by analysing the well intervention history of the well by focusing on fish left in the tubing, flowing status of the well and the last well intervention job that has been done to the well. Other than that, analysing well information and status als o are some of the key point that are necessary before performing any well intervention job by referring the last Preventive Maintenance job (a wellhead and X-mas valves maintenance activity) results.

Table 4: Well Intervention History for SUDP A01

25


Table 5: Well Intervention History for SUDP A08

Table 6: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A01

Table 7: Xmas and Wellhead valves status for SUDP A08

26


4.2 Data Gathering and Analysis

As the principle of gas lift valve system are well explained in the literature review section of this report, then it comes to the detailed procedure on how to perform gas lift valve change. However, in order to perform GLVC, there is a need to have certain analysis and data gathering to make a paper work for proper planning. This paper work also known as Notice of Well Intervention (NOWIP) where this paper work consist of the well background and status, detailed procedure, wellbore schematic diagram, cost estimation, planned day and risk and mitigation plan during carrying out GLVC. Detailed Procedure for Gas Lift Valve Change

Pre-Operation: 1. Check and confirm the well status (Flowing/Closed-in) 2. Check integrity of X-mas tree swab valve and condition of SSV 3. Check integrity of all pressure holding equipment (lubricator stack and stuffing box) 4. Check condition of wireline equipment (SWCP, power pack and reel skid) and all high pressure hoses/connectors 5. Check condition of wireline piting, kinks and other defromities/deterioration. Confirm the wire torsion, test if doubtful. During Operation: 1. Prepare and obtain permit to work clearance, hang work notification on Xmas tree at correct position and cordon-off work area. 2. Close-in the string 3. Transfer SCSSV/SSV control to SWCP. Rig up lubricator and toolstring as per wireline operations standard on top of Xmas tree. 4. Check and ensure the TRSCSSV is in open position. Pressure test all BOP and lubricator against CITHP for 5 minutes each prior to commence operation. 5. Make up toolstring as per the following configuration: Size

Toolstring

1-7/8” 1-7/8” 1-7/8” 1-7/8” 1-7/8”

Rope socket X5 Stem Knuckle joint Hydraulic jar Link jar QLS 2.735” Drift Table 8: Toolstring Configuration

27


6. Run in hole toolstring down to XN-Nipple at (A01: 4704ft, A08: 4334ft) and tag fluid level at (A01: 1100ft, A08: 2400ft) 7. Perform pressure balancing calculation as per procedure attached and bleed off/top up tubing/casing pressure to achieve equalization as required. 8. Run in hole 3” X-line c/w GLV catcher and install 3” GLV catcher at 1st SSD (A01: 4667 ft, A08: 3934ft) 9. Run in hole 3” Kick -Over Tool OK6 or Merla c/w 1-1/4” JDS for top latch or 1-1/4” JDC for bottom latch For A01: Mandrel

Depth (ft)

Current

1

1610

GLV (IPO)

2

2796

GLV (IPO)

3

3644

GLV (IPO)

4

4178

GLV (IPO)

5

4586

Orifice

Table 9: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A01 For A08: Mandrel

Depth (ft)

Current

1

1299

GLV (IPO)

2

2187

GLV (IPO)

3

2817

GLV (IPO)

4

3336

GLV (IPO)

5

3853

Orifice

Table 10: Current Gas Lift Configuration for A08

28


10. Run in hole 3” Kick -Over Tool OK6 or Merla connect with GA-2 for bottom latch or JK for top latch to install gas lift valves as per table below:

For A01: Mandrel

Depth (ft)

New GLV

1

1610

Dummy

2

2796

Orifice

3

3644

Dummy

4

4178

Dummy

5

4586

Dummy

Table 11: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A01 For A08: Mandrel

Depth (ft)

New GLV

1

1299

GLV (IPO)

2

2187

Orifice

3

2817

Dummy

4

3336

Dummy

5

3853

Dummy

Table 12: Proposed Gas Lift Configuration for A08 11. Run in hole 3” GS pulling tool to retrieve catcher at 1st SSD at (A01: 4667 ft, A08: 3934ft) 12. Observed and record CHP and THP. Rig down lubricator and toolstring. 13. Handover to operations to flow the string.

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Figure 13: Brief procedure on how to install Gas Lift Valve in SPM. 30


The well schematic diagram of each well to be performed are very important. The schematic diagram are used as a reference of tubing accessories installed in the tubing. Therefore, the information from the well schematic diagram will be used as a references in performing the job based on the information that can be taken from the diagram. Well schematic diagram can be get from a software called Peleton Wellview software, where there will be some information about tubing accessories that has been installed in the tubing and in the well, and there are also some history about job done before in the well, besides providing the well schematic diagram of the well for both long and short string.

Figure 14: Example of well schematic diagram

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Based on the well test result that have been made to well SUDP A01 and A08, they found that the oil production of both well are increasing. Current maximum production of SUDP A01 is 1500 barrel oil per day (bopd), using the designated gas lift configuration, which makes this well as the highest producer in Sumandak field. While for SUDP A08, the current production of oil for this well is 300 bopd, which also having additional gain from the previous production before gas lift valve change were being performed. As a conclusion, Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC) can improve oil production of a well by changing the configuration of the gas lif t. Therefore, the objectives of this project is achieved.

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4.3 Experimentation/ Modelling/ Prototype / Project Deliverables

Figure 15: Screen shot of Peer Review slide

Figure 16: Screen shot of NOWIP

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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 Impact and Relevancy to the Objectives

Maximizing the use of available natural energy from a reservoir is crucial to any production installation. Gas Lift is an artificial lift process that closely resembles the natural flow process and basically operates as an enhancement or extension of that process. The only major requirement is an available and economical supply of pressurized gas. There are many advantages to using gas lift to produce your well. Gas lift is very flexible to changes in production rates, water cut percentages, and gas liquid ratios (GLRs). An abundance of existing gas in the formation can be detrimental to other artificial lift methods such as sucker rod pumps and electric submersible pumps, however an abundance of formation gas is an advantage to any gas lift system (The more gas the formation produces means less gas is needed for injection). Gas lift wells can be designed to accommodate almost any production volume thus making it more flexible to changes in well conditions throughout the entire life of the well. Initial cost of downhole equipment in gas lift wells is much less than for other artificial lift methods. The main advantages of gas lift are: 

Very flexible to changes in well conditions and producing rates



Low downhole equipment costs



Not adversely affected by deviated or horizontal wellbores



Reduced production costs over other artificial lift methods



Long service life for downhole equipment due to relatively fewer moving parts



Major equipment item (gas compressor) is installed at the surface for easy maintenance



Ideally suited to supplement formation gas for artificially lifting wells where moderate amounts of gas are present in the produced fluid

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From the assessment that has been done, it can be concluded that performing gas lift valve change on well SUDP A01 and A08 can obtain instantaneous production gain. Therefore, towards the end of the project, the project was a success and all of the objectives were achieved.

5.2 Suggested Future Work for Expansion and Continuation 

To perform FGS for future gas lift optimization- only conduct 1 FGS instead of 2 for cost saving



Send the FGS data straight to town for gas lift design to optimize the well entering



Good surveillance practices; close monitoring to operate efficiently on a continuous basis.



Contractor should always check the tools condition before they run the job



Surveillance and control should be considered as an integral part of any gas lift system. Good quality data is a prerequisite for an efficient gas lift design. Gas lift systems should operate with minimum (practical) back pressure at the wellhead.

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CHAPTER 6: SAFETY TRAINING AND VALUES OF THE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES 6.1 Lesson Learnt and Experience Gained

I was attached to Sabah Well Intervention (SWI) in PETRONAS Sabah Operation (PCSB-SBO). During the internship period under Sabah Well Intervention (SWI) student was exposed and gained first-hand experience on how well intervention process carried out from planning the job by doing the paper work, to the job execution by attending the training provided. Students were also encouraged to get involved in extracurricular activities organized by SWI and the Young Professional Club (YPC). 6.1.1 PCSB-SBO Sabah Well Intervention

During my attachment with Sabah Well Intervention as a trainee, a lot of skill that I have the fortunate opportunity to develop from doing just a basic general work of organizing file, using the computer based work such as Microsoft Office and Excel, to managing and helping with some of the event that was done by the Sabah Well Intervention department. Taking a simple example of organizing a file, a lot of thought and process goes into your mind in how to put away this file in an orderly manner that if I want to find it in the future I would know where to look up with no problem at all. Other than that, I also have the opportunity in sharpening my computer skill where I was exposed to lot of paper work document using both Microsoft Of fice and Excel as its prefer medium. From learning how to use “Vlook Up” and Filter command in Microsoft excel to arranging simple page number in Words and with the help of colleague and research from the internet, every task that was given was done accordingly. As a trainee in the in Sabah Well Intervention, where I been able to work alongside manager, executive, non-executive, line trainers and also engineers. So it has really widened my scope area of work as I’m not focusing on one scope of work at a time. From this I have gain a lot of knowledge in working in different field that I am used to and also meeting up with different people of background where they have share their experience in the working environment.

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Some of the task that was given to me: 1. Updating daily operation report. 2. Analysing Non-Productive Time and prepare the slides. 3. Creating template and database for Cost Book. 4. Updating well schematic diagram and updating daily operation report in WellView software; i.e. updating the gas lift valve configuration on the tubing string. 5. Preparing on peer review for Corrective Maintenance job presentation slide and presenting it. 6. Preparing paper work and peer review for job execution. 7. Updating well integrity database in IWIT, web-based software. Other than that, I was very fortunate to attend sli ckline training organized by Deleum, one of the service c ompany for PCSB-SBO which was held in Deleum Workshop, Labuan. Slickline is a line that have no conductivity which means it is an offline activity to retrieve and install tubing’s accessories in the well. Usually slickline are used for Tubing Clearance Check (TCC), Routine Valve Change (RVC), Gas Lift Valve Change (GLVC), Set plug, retrieve plug, open and close sliding side door (SSD), Flowing Gradient Survey (FGS) and also Static Gradient Survey (SGS). During the training, I was able to see the type of profile in the tubing, the sub surface safety valve (SSSV), gas lift valve, sliding side door, slickline equipment and the tool string. Besides that, I was given chances to set the SSSV using slickline in the tubing string since Deleum have their own training well which consist of wireline deck, wellhead and a hundred feet borehole complete with tubing string and its accessories. Even though I was not able to visit real platform at offshore, but by attending this training I was able to experience the real situation that happened on the offshore platform.

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Figure 17: Deleum Training Well

Figure 18: Kick-Over Tool that is use to set and retrieve gas lift valve

38


Besides slickline training, I also had a chance t o attend wellhead and Christmas tree valve maintenance training which was organized by Essem Corporation and was held at Essem Corporation workshop in Miri, Sarawak. Essem Corp. is a company that providing maintenance on wellhead and Christmas tree including the sub surface safety valve. This training was started with theoretical lesson, which covered all aspect including surface wellhead system, casing program, tubing and casing hanger. Also, this training provide hands on preventive maintenance procedure which the part icipant were able to perform wellhead valve lubrication and sealing processes by themselves and performing critical device function test (CDFT). The wellhead training ends with theoretical and practical exam.

Figure 19: Performing Practical Exam

Figure 20: Pump that used during greasing and sealing 39


Furthermore, I was very fortunate to attend Coiled Tubing lecture conducted by Mr. Nabil, an operation engineer from Baker Hughes. In the oil and gas industries, coiled tubing refers to metal piping, normally 1" to 3.25" in diameter, used for interventions in oil and gas wells and sometimes as production tubing in depleted gas wells, which comes spooled on a large reel. Coiled tubing is often used to carry out operations similar to wirelining. The main benefits over wireline are the ability to pump chemicals through the coil and the ability to push it into the hole rather than relying on gravity. However, for offshore operations, the 'footprint' for a coiled tubing operation is generall y larger than a wireline spread, which can limit the number of installations where coiled tubing can be performed and make the operation more costly. A coiled tubing operation is normally performed through the drilling derrick on the oil platform, which is used to support the surface equipment, although on platforms with no drilling facilities a self-supporting tower can be used instead. The tool string at the bottom of the coil is often called the bottom hole assembly (BHA). It can range from something as s imple as a jetting nozzle, for jobs involving pumping chemicals or cement through the coil, to a larger string of logging tools, depending on the operations. Pumping through coiled tubing can also be used for dispersing fluids to a specific location in the well such as for cementing perforations or performing chemical washes of downhole components such as sandscreens. In the former case, coiled tubing is particularly advantageous compared to simply pumping the cement from surface as allowing it to flow through the entire completion could potentially damage important components, such as the downhole safety valve. Coiled tubing umbilical technologies enable the deployment of complex pumps which require multiple fluid strings on coiled tubing. In many cases, the use of coiled tubing to deploy a complex pump can greatly reduce the cost of deployment by eliminating the number of units on site during the deploy.

40


6.1.2 Young Professional Club (YPC)

YPC stand for Young Professional Club which is club under SBO. Their main function was the responsibility to organize event a nd activities outside of work environment. We as the internship student for SBO were lucky enough to participate and work together in some of the event that was organized by this club. From this club we were lucky enough to become a committee in organizing the International Women’s Day in PETRONAS. Here we learned how important teamwork is preparing for the best to make the event success. So every detail of the play haves to be prepared within the time given and it took a lot for patient and cooperation among the member to successfully organizing the event. Hence, thru this club have given a lot of experience in working in a team and getting first hand on the spirit of teamwork in smoothly getting the task done.

6.1.3 Communication Skill

Communication is an essential skill in any organization, it shows how competent we are in communicating with another person formall y or informal. Being in the Well Intervention Department really teach me to improve my communication skill. For example, I have been assigned to prepare and delivering Peer Review Presentation by one of the engineer in SWI. Peer Review Presentation is a common practice that engineer need to do in SWI prior to perform any job at the well, where this presentation much more like proposing a new job to the well. The objective to perform the presentation is more to a proper planning to the well, things need to be done during the job and the risk behind it. So, I were assign to present on job to repair the Surface Safety Valve (SSV) on well Sumandak-A10, which this job is categorized as Corrective Maintenance job. From this presentation, besides learn on how to repair a SSV, other engineers had teach me on how to prepare an effective slides and arranging words by words that needs to be deliver, which can be informative to the audience.

41


Moreover, during doing my routine works, sometimes I need to communicate with the engineers to get some information regarding the works given. For example, when doing the daily operation report that need to be se nd to Drilling Division every day, I need to ask the engineer in charge for the field that have production enhancement job to briefly explain what they have done on the well and the next way forward of the job. Also, I will ask the Technical Assistant in the department to update on overall integrity status of PCSB-SBO strings. After collecting all the data needed, I will email the daily report to the person in charge in Drilling Division of PETRONAS. Besides that, I also volunteered to join a program conducted by Young Professional Club (YPC) of PCSB-SBO, which this program objective was to teach English subject to the primary school student. From this program, my communication skills was improved as my confidence level to communicate in English was improving too. I was also have a chance to give a HSE Sharing Talk during the department operation morning meeting. It is a routine to have a HSE sharing talk moment before begin the meeting. Besides that, I also volunteered to become committee in SPE Golf Tournament where we started with finding participants as well as the sponsors to make the event become successful. Here, I have to deal with the company’s person in charge asking for a collaboration to make the SPE Golf Tournament a success event.

6.2 Leadership, Team Work and Individual Activities

Throughout my internship lesson at PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, I have learned on how it is important to have team work and leadership in everything that we do especially when it comes to performing job related works. Without the spirit of teamwork and leadership, there will be no a smooth planning of works. In a teamwork environment, people understand and believe that thinking, planning, decisions and actions are better when done cooperatively. Even, in my own department, S abah Well Intervention (SWI), there is always an effort to foster the teamwork and leadership spirits in order to create a work culture that values collaboration and performances.

42


6.2.1 Sabah Well Intervention Away Day

This session was held at Raintree Beach Resort, Tuaran Sabah where the main objectives is to get to know better and understanding of each staff in Well Intervention department. The event was started with discussion on the target performance that need to be achieve in the year of 2014. Then, the event continued with team building session where we were divided into 5 groups and many tasks was given which tested our physical and mental. From this session, I have learn a lot of management skills, decision making and the most important is teamwork, which must have in organization, no matter how high is your position, you need to hear opinion from your teammates. Other than that, our department also having a good time playing paintball together which was held at Paintball Arena, Likas. We were divided into teams of four, where each team have their own strategy to win the battle and not forgotten, to have a safety measures during playing the games.

Figure 21: SWI Away Day

43


6.2.2 Initiative

Taking charge and making own decision is an important factor in an organization as you will also not have someone to guide you with your own task so you have taken the responsibilities and find your own initiative and decision on order to get the task done. For example, collection of data where the data will not always be with the same person in charge so you have find a learned of some alternate solution prior the one that was given. You have to think, ask and walk around finding the required data without burdening other people. Here we can see the route that is taken is not by depending too much on one person but find alternative plan and resources to finish the task. During the morning meeting, if there were some terms that I do not understand from the update, I will try to google the terms first or search in the books, and I will only ask the engineers if still do not understand about the terms. Sometimes, I seek assistance from the service provider engineers to explain about the terms, job or procedures that I ca nnot understand by myself. Also, I make initiative to visit the Labuan Gas Terminal (LGAST) with the expert trainer of PCSB-SBO. The objective of the visit is to gain more knowledge and experience at the site although it is not really related to well intervention.

Figure 22: My Colleagues and I with the Expert Trainer at LGAST

44


6.2.3 Teamwork

Teamwork is work done by several associates with each doing a part but all subordinating personal reputation to the efficiency of the whole. In PETRONAS, where every project need to create a team to get it done teamwork is very significant in making sure that the work is done easil y and proficiently. As an intern student we were expose to the working environment where working as a group in supporting to get the jobs done effectively. From here, we were visible to work with different background of employee from executives, non-executives, engineers and technicians. In SWI department, there will be a morning meeting conducted every day. The meeting will start with HSE sharing by any attendees of the meeting. Then, each engineers in charge will update any operations and integrity job that has been done at their assigned field, well by well. If there any problem regarding the jobs, the problem will try to be solved in the meeting by discussing with the other engineers, technical experts and service providers engineers. Any of the attendees are free to deliver their opinions about how to solve the problems. If the problems cannot be solved in the meeting, the engineers in charge of that particular field will having a brainstorming session with the service provider engineers, technical expert and the technician at the offshore. In line with the practice, work as a team is crucial aspect in any organizations. If the entire department plays their roles successfully, the growth of the company will be improved because all the processes had been completed effectively. In conclusion, team work is essential for the development of the company.

45


6.4 Business Value, Ethics and Management Skills

As stated earlier, In order to achieve its PETRONAS vision PETRONAS Carigali (PCSB) Sabah Operaration (SBO) is formed to operate oil and gas in the coast of Sabah. In line with the vision SBO is one of the pillars that support the vision and responsible to maximize venture profitable and reserves recovery while observing good oil fields, business, and HSE practices. SBO contributes towards Carigali business objectives, simultaneously helps to develop Carigali into fully competent oil and gas company. In PETRONAS Carigali Sabah Operations, a high management skill is required for any sort of task to be done. The company priorities the value of time and therefore encourage punctuality. This applied every monthly meeting that is being held as the staffs especially engineers and technicians do not have flexible schedule and most people are busy chasing datelines. As per attached in Sabah Well Intervention we were also involved in making sure the operation and business of the company is running smoothly and well taken care of by carrying out more production enhancement activities and not forgotten to t ake care the healthiness of each well under PCSB-SBO supervision. Besides that, SWI’s top priority is in the proper planning of completing tasks as most of the time, there is more than one task that needs to be done to meet the datelines. The proper planning is closely related to time management as well. A good time management will make the proper planning of task completion works accordingly. Apart from that it is important to have a good communications among fellow team members to prevent any misunderstandings in doing works. Communication is a major’s aspect of the company’s style of working. For example, we are being trained to communicate with the fellow colleagues in doing certain jobs as to make sure that things were rightly done at the first time. Work Ethics

One of the most highlighted matters by PCSB is work ethics. Work ethic is a value based on hard work and diligence. To sustain a good performance, all employees need to have a solid practice of good work ethics. In ethics, time management and job progress is the most important to ensure all on going activities are run efficiently and 46


effectiveness. All staffs in PETRONAS, should be punctual when attend any activities and work for instance even they are applying flexible hour when work, they should work for at least 8 hours to ensure the progress of their work is smoothly and finish at on time. Time punctuality is crucial for PCSB as the company runs business which requires satisfaction in term of time consumption. During working hours, the employees take a break at the allocated time. Time is an essence of importance and working hours can only be made production with the cooperation of the employees.

Ethics/Discipline and Dress Code

•

All staffs are required to obey all rules and regulations in terms of disciplines, loyalties and ethics of PCSB-SBO.

•

Dress code of PCSB-SBO is corporate formal attire and all staffs are required to obey this dressing code.

Working Hours

•

Working hours will be deemed to commence from the trainee reports to his places of work and to terminate the time he leaves his place of work. So trainee have to come to work as schedule by PCSB SBO:

•



Monday – Thursday (7.30am – 4.30pm)



Break(12.30pm-1.30pm)



Friday (7.30am – 4.30pm)



Break(12.00pm-2.00pm)

Trainee must come before and exactly at 7.30 am and finish work at 4.30 pm. If the trainee is late for a few times without a valid reason, thus the Human Resource department will be taking a disciplinary action against him/her.

47


Whistleblowing Policy

This policy is to provide an avenue for all employees of PETRONAS and member of the public to reveal any inappropriate conduct in accordance with the processes as provided for under this policy and provide safety for employees and member of the public which reports such accusations. This policy is strategy to simplify employees and member of the public to disclose any inappropriate conduct through interior channel. Such misconduct or illicit offence including the following: •

Fraud.

•

Bribery.

•

Abuse of Power.

•

Conflict of Interest.

•

Theft or embezzlement.

•

Misuse of Company’s Property.

• Non Compliance with Procedure.

PETRONAS No Gift Policy

The main objective of this policy is to inculcate values of integrity and trustworthiness in its business dealings. PETRONAS especially SBO staffs are required to act out in the best interest of PETRONAS and to avoid from engaging in conduct which may result in the drawbacks of the PETRONAS’ best interest. Hence, PETRONAS staff must adhere themselves from: •

Accepting personal gift from external parties.

•

Giving personal gift to external parties.

This policy will help to avoid conflicts of interest or in the appearance of conflicts of interest in any ongoing or potential business dealings of PETRONAS.

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Management Skills

Time management is the act or process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase effectiveness, efficiency or productivity. Time management may be aided by a range of skills, tools, and techniques used to manage time when accomplishing specific tasks, projects and goals complying with a due date. Initially, time management referred to just business or work activities, but eventually the term broadened to include personal activities as well. A time management system is a designed combination of processes, tools, techniques, and methods. Time management is usually a necessity in any project development as it determines the project completion time and scope. PETRONAS Carigali implement a strict time management to the intern students where the interns need to be in the office before 7.30 am and only able to leave and 4.30 pm. Here it teaches the trainee to be on time in the daily life and also to be discipline in their time attendance as it well effect the tr ainee efficiency as it will also take on result on the department efficiency. For example, since I live 20 km from the office, I need to get ready early to avoid traffic jam so that I can arrive at office before 7.30 am. My daily routine works start with updating the daily report that need t o be send to Drilling Division, and then attend the daily morning meeting. After that, I will start doing my works such as doing Non-Productive Time (NPT) Analysis. NPT is the indicator that shows how much time that we have lost due to problems that arises such as bad weather, equipment problem, logistic problem, etc. The objective of doing this analysis is to observe and find any solutions that could minimize the NPT and increase productivity. This analysis need to be done every month, which the NPT will be calculated on daily basis for each field under PCSB-SBO. Beside the NPT analysis, I need to update the well schematic diagram as well as working on the cost book. From this, I need to allocate my time wisely, manage and prioritize my works in order to completing all the task given on time.

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6.5 Problem or Challenges Faced and Solution to Overcome Them

(a) Understanding the exploration and production (E&P) operation It is highly important to have a good understanding of the exploration and production operation in order to understand more on the activities in this company. Therefore, acquiring the knowledge on the oil and gas industry is a must before I can proceed to understand the whole exploration and production operation. In the beginning, I did a lot of researches on the subject and as well as by asking guidance from the engineers on the particular matter and in the end I managed to know a thing or two as a starti ng point.

(b) Adjusting to Working Lifestyle As a new trainee, adjusting to working hours was a really meaningful lesson at the early stage. There are many differences between becoming a student and a worker as the time management will be different, the problems encountered will be different, and the work and tasks will also be different. Besides, as I had never worked in an office before, throughout this internship, I got to learn and exposed to the real life environment. Where, student will get easily exhausted and sleepy throughout the day. However, as the time passes this can be adjusted as the student started to adjust to the working hours and the daily routine of waking up early for work. Other than that, student were also requested to work late till night on numerous occasion had to work on weekends and public holiday in order to complete the task given successf ully.

(c) Entrusted with Responsibility Thru the internship period, student were given a lot of work that required the patient and skills need to finish the job. For example, where the trainee was entrusted to work with a lot of confidential data and student was trusted the keep the data personnel. Luckily, student was very privileged enough to be trusted in handling of confidential data. So the burden was very high to the 50


student in order to keep the file to themselves but with the understanding of supervisor, patient and experienced colleagues who encourage and helpful to the trainee.

(d) Completing Task Given on Time Completing a task in time is very crucial in an organization and SBO also adapt into that environment of work where every task given is set a due date that need to be finished or submitted. Prior to this, I need to manage all the task given and give priority on which task that need to be done first. I also learned to come to office early and work overtime to finish my task and sometimes bring the task to home to complete it. Time management is very important in works; once you practice procrastination, no works will done.

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REFERENCES

Guo, B., Lyons, W. C., & Ghalambor, A. (2007). Petroleum Production Engineering. Lafayette: Elsevier Science & Technology Books. SCHLUMBERGER. (1999). Gas Lift Design and Technology. Schlumberger 1999. SHELL CORPORATION. (1993). Gas Lift Design Guide. Hague: SHELL INTERNATIONALE PETROLEUM. Tokar, Chevron, & Tuckness. (1996). New Gas Lift Valve Design Stabilizes Injection Rates. Colorado: Society of Petroleum Engineers. WEATHERFORD. (2006). Slickline Operations Training Manual. Weatherford International, Inc.

Drug & Alcohol Policy: Policy Provisions & Coverage. (2013). PETRONAS Carigali Drug & Alcohol Policy Presentation.

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APPENDIX I TYPE

PORT SIZE

BK-1

1/8” 3/16” 1/4” 5/16” 3/8” 1/8” 3/16” 1/4”

BKR-5

DKO2

3/16”

LATCH

RUNNING TOOL TYPE

PULLING TOOL TYPE

MANDRELL SERIES

CHARATERISTIC

INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC Short Reach

INJECTION PRESS OPERATED

INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC Short Reach

INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC Short Reach

KBM, KBMM, KBMG, KBTG KBM, KBMM, KBMR, KBMG, KBTG KBM, KBMM, KBMR, KBMG, KBTG KBM, KBMM, KBMR, KBMG, KBTG KBM, KBMM, KBMR, KBMG, KBTG

1/4”

DK-1

NIL

INTEGRAL

GA-2

JDC Short Reach

NOVA

3/16”

BK-2

JK

JDC Long Reach

PRODUCTION PRESS OPERATED

SIGNAL POINT INJECTION ORIFICE

DUMMY

NOVA ORIFICE

DKO-2 CASING SENSITIVE = OPEN WHEN CASING PRESSURE HIGHER THAN TUBING BKR-5(GLV) TO OPEN STEP BY STEP Running tool type (GA-2) BOTTOM LATCH Running tool type (GA-2) TOP LATCH

53


APPENDIX II

Slickline Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan

54


APPENDIX III

Slickline Training at Deleum Warehouse, Labuan

55

Industrial Internship Report

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