IBP vs. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284 G.R. No. 141284. August 15, 2000. 07/06/2010 2000. 07/06/2010 0 Commets Facts: At !ar "s a s#e$"a% $"v"% a$t"o &or $ert"orar" a' #ro("!"t"o )"t( #ra*er &or "ssua$e o& a tem#orar* restra""g or'er see+"g to u%%"t* o $ost"tut"oa% grou's t(e or'er o& Pres"'et ose#( -er$"to -stra'a $omma'"g t(e 'e#%o*met o& t(e P("%"##"e ar"es t(e ar"es to o" t(e P("%"##"e Nat"oa% Po%"$e t(e PNP " v"s"!"%"t* v"s"!"%"t* #atro%s arou' t(e metro#o%"s. 3ormu%ate' etter o& Istru$t"o 02/2000 1 t(e I )("$( 'e ta"%e' t(e maer !* )("$( t(e o"t v"s"!"%"t* #atro%s, $a%%e' $a%%e' as+ as+ 3or$e u%uga, )ou%' !e $o'u$te'. 2 as+ as+ 3or$e u%uga )as #%a$e' u'er t(e %ea'ers("# o& o & t(e Po%"$e C("e& o& etro a"%a t(roug( a susta"e' street #atro%%"g to m""m"e or era'"$ate a%% &orms o& ("g(#ro&"%e ("g(#ro&"%e $r"mes es#e$"a%%* t(ose #er#etrate' !* orga"e' $r"me s*'"$ates )(ose mem!ers "$%u'e t(ose t(at are )e%%tra"e', )e%%tra"e', '"s$"#%"e' a' )e%%arme' a$t"ve or &ormer PNP/"%"tar* #ersoe%. Issue: 1. 9(et(er t(e 'e#%o*met o& so%'"ers &or %a) e&or$emet "s " ' erogat"o o& Art"$%e Art"$%e 2, :e$t"o ; o& t(e Cost"tut"o< 2. 9(et(er t(e 'e#%o*met $ost"tutes "$urs"o " a $"v"%"a &u$t"o o& %a) e&or$emet< ;. 9(et(er t(e 'e#%o*met $reates a 'agerous te'e$* to re%* o t(e m"%"tar* to #er&orm $"v"%"a &u$t"os o& t(e govermet 4. 9(et(er t(e 'e#%o*met g"ves more #o)er to t(e m"%"tar* t(a )(at "t s(ou%' !e u'er u 'er t(e Cost"tut"o.
(e "ssues ra"se' " t(e #reset #et"t"o are= 1 9(et(er or ot #et"t"oer (as %ega% sta'"g< 2 9(et(er or ot t(e Pres"'et>s &a$tua% 'eterm"at"o o& t(e e $ess"t* o& $a%%"g t(e arme' &or$es "s su!e$t to u'"$"a% rev"e), a', ; 9(et(er or ot t(e $a%%"g o& t(e arme' &or$es to ass"st t(e PNP " o"t v"s"!"%"t* #atro%s v"o%ates t(e $ost"tut"oa% #rov"s"os o $"v"%"a su#rema$* over t(e m"%"tar* a' t(e $"v"%"a $(ara$ter o& t(e PNP. PNP.
Held: 9?-R-3R-, #rem"ses $os"'ere', t(e #et"t"o "s (ere!* @I:I::-@. : R@-R-@. Ratio: (e uest"o o& 'e#%o*met o& t(e ar"es "s ot #ro#er &or u'"$"a% s$rut"* s"$e t(e same "vo%ves a #o%"t"$a% uest"o< t(at t(e orga"at"o a' $o 'u$t o& #o%"$e v"s"!"%"t* #atro%s, )("$( &eature t(e teamu# o& oe #o%"$e o&&"$er a' oe P("%"##"e ar"e so%'"er, 'oes ot v"o%ate t(e $"v"%"a su#rema$* $%ause " t(e Cost"tut"o.
In view of standing A#art &rom t("s 'e$%arat"o, (o)ever, (o)ev er, t(e IBP asserts o ot(er !as"s " su##o rt o& "ts %o$us sta'" (e mere "vo$at"o !* t(e IBP o& "ts 'ut* to #reserve t(e ru%e o& %a) a' o t("g more, )("%e
u'ou!te'%* true, "s ot su&&"$"et to $%ot(e "t )"t( sta'"g " t("s $ase. Nat"oa% Pres"'et o& t(e IBP )(o s"ge' t(e #et"t"o, "s ("s a%oe, a!set a &orma% !oar' reso%ut"o aut(or""g ("m to &"%e t(e #reset a$t"o. I'ee', oe o& "ts mem!ers, )(om t(e IBP #ur#orte'%* re#resets, (as susta"e' a* &orm o& "ur* as a resu%t o& t(e o#erat"o o& t(e o"t v"s"!"%"t* #atro%s. Nevert(e%ess, t(e Court 'oes ot automat"$a%%* assume ur"s'"$t"o over a$tua% $ost"tut"oa% $ases !roug(t !e&ore "t eve " "sta$es t(at are r"#e &or reso%ut"o. e $%ass o& $ases )(ere" t(e Court (es"tates to ru%e o are >>#o%"t"$a% uest"os. (e reaso "s t(at #o%"t"$a% uest"os are $o$ere' )"t( "ssues 'e#e'et u#o t(e )"s'om, ot t(e %ega%"t*, o& a #art"$u%ar a$t or measure !e"g assa"%e'. oreover, t(e #o%"t"$a% uest"o !e"g a &u$t"o o& t(e se#arat"o o& #o)ers, t(e $ourts )"%% ot orma%%* "ter&ere )"t( t(e )or+"gs o& aot(er $oeua% !ra$( u%ess t(e $ase s(o)s a $%ear ee' &or t(e $ourts to ste# " to u#(o%' t(e %a) a' t(e Cost"tut"o.
In view of abuse of discretion (e Pres"'et '"' ot $omm"t grave a!use o& '"s$ret"o " $a%%"g out t(e ar"es.
Pres"'et as state' " :e$t"o 18, Art"$%e II o& t(e Cost"tut"o, s#e$"&"$a%%*, t(e #o)er to $a%% out t(e arme' &or$es to #revet or su##ress %a)%ess v"o%e$e, "vas"o or re!e%%"o. Ca%%"g t(e arme' &or$es "s ot #ro#er &or u'"$"a% s$rut"* s"$e "t "vo%ves a #o%"t"$a% uest"o a' t(e reso%ut"o o& &a$tua% "ssues )("$( are !e*o' t(e rev"e) #o)ers o& t("s Court. B* grave a!use o& '"s$ret"o "s meat s"m#%* $a# r"$"ous or )("ms"$a% eer$"se o& u'gmet t(at "s #atet a' gross as to amout to a evas"o o& #os"t"ve 'ut* or a v"rtua% re&usa% to #er&orm a 'ut* eo"e' !* %a), or to a$t at a%% " $otem#%at"o o& %a), as )(ere t(e #o)er "s eer$"se' " a ar!"trar* a' 'es#ot"$ maer !* reaso o& #ass"o or (ost"%"t*. 9(e t(e Pres"'et $a%%s t(e arme' &or$es to #revet or su##ress %a)%ess v"o%e$e, "vas"o or re!e%%"o, (e e$essar"%* eer$"ses a '"s$ret"oar* #o)er so%e%* veste' " ("s )"s'om.
In view of burden of proof on factual basis It "s "$um!et u#o t(e #et"t"oer to s(o) t(at t(e Pres"'et>s 'e$"s"o "s tota%%* !ere&t o& &a$tua% !as"s. (e #reset #et"t"o &a"%s to '"s$(arge su$( (eav* !ur'e as t(ere "s o ev"'e$e to su##ort t(e assert"o t(at t(ere e"st o ust"&"$at"o &or $a%%"g out t(e arme' &or$es. (ere "s, %"+e)"se, o ev"'e$e to su##ort t(e #ro#os"t"o t(at grave a!use )as $omm"tte' !e$ause t(e #o)er to $a%% )as eer$"se' " su$( a maer as to v"o%ate t(e $ost"tut"oa% #rov"s"o o $"v"%"a su#rema$* over t(e m"%"tar*.
(e #reset #et"t"o "s a$(ore' o &ear t(at o$e t(e arme' &or$es are 'e#%o*e', t(e m"%"tar*
)"%% ga" as$e'a$*, a' t(us #%a$e " #er"% our $(er"s(e' %"!ert"es. I'ee', )(et(er "t "s t(e $a%%"g out o& t(e arme' &or$es a%oe " or'er to su##ress %a)%ess v"o%e$e, "vas"o or re!e%%"o or a%so t(e sus#es"o o& t(e #r"v"%ege o& t(e )r"t o& (a!eas $or#us or t(e #ro$%amat"o o& mart"a% %a) " $ase o& "vas"o or re!e%%"o, t(e e er$"se o& t(e Pres"'et>s #o)ers as $omma'er" $("e&, reu"res #roo& D ot mere assert"o. 4 As (as !ee #o"te' out, :ta'"g "s ot >a "ge"ous a$a'em"$ eer$"se " t(e $o$e"va!%e> . . . !ut reu"res . . . a &a$tua% s(o)"g o& #er$e#t"!%e (arm. Be$ause o& t(e a!se$e o& su$( re$or' ev"'e$e, )e are %e&t to guess or eve s#e$u%ate o t(ese uest"os. (us, at oe #o"t, t(e maor"t* o#""o sa*s t(at )(at "s "vo%ve' (ere "s ot eve t(e $a%%"g out o& t(e arme' &or$es !ut o%* t(e use o& mar"es &or %a) e&or$emet. 9e ee' to (ave ev"'e$e o t(ese uest"os !e$ause, u'er t(e Cost"tut"o, t(e Pres"'et>s #o)er to $a%% out t(e arme' &or$es " or'er to su##ress %a)%ess v"o%e$e, "vas"o or re!e%%"o "s su!e$t to t(e %"m"tat"o t(at t(e eer$"se o& t("s #o)er "s reu"re' " t(e "terest o& #u!%"$ sa&et*. oreover, u'er :e$t"o 18, Art"$%e II o& t(e Cost"tut"o, " t(e eer$"se o& t(e #o)er to sus#e' t(e #r"v"%ege o& t(e )r"t o& (a!eas $or#us or to "m#ose mart"a% %a), t)o $o'"t"os must $o$ur= 1 t(ere must !e a a$tua% "vas"o or re!e%%"o a', 2 #u!%"$ sa&et* must reu"re "t. (ese $o'"t"os are ot reu"re' " t(e $ase o& t(e #o)er to $a%% out t(e arme' &or$es. (e o%* $r"ter"o "s t(at )(eever "t !e$omes e$essar*, t(e Pres"'et ma* $a%% t(e arme' &or$es to #revet or su##ress %a)%ess v"o%e$e, "vas"o or re!e%%"o. (e "m#%"$at"o "s t(at t(e Pres"'et "s g"ve &u%% '"s$ret"o a' )"'e %at"tu'e " t(e eer$"se o& t(e #o)er to $a%% as $om#are' to t(e t)o ot(er #o)ers.
In view of the Courts concurrence 9e 'o ot 'ou!t t(e vera$"t* o& t(e Pres"'et>s assessmet o& t(e s"tuat"o, es#e$"a%%* " t(e %"g(t o& #reset 'eve%o#mets. (e Court ta+es u'"$"a% ot"$e o& t(e re$et !om!"gs #er#etrate' !* %a)%ess e%emets " t(e s(o##"g ma%%s, #u!%"$ ut"%"t"es, a' ot(er #u!%"$ #%a$es. (ese are amog t(e areas o& 'e#%o*met 'es$r"!e' " t(e I 2000. (e 'e#%o*met o& t(e ar"es 'oes ot $ost"tute a !rea$( o& t(e $"v"%"a su#rema$* $%ause. (e $a%%"g o& t(e ar"es " t("s $ase $ost"tutes #erm"ss"!%e use o& m"%"tar* assets &or $"v"%"a %a) e&or$emet. E'er t(e I, t(e #o%"$e &or$es are tas+e' to !r"e& or or"et t(e so%'"ers o #o%"$e #atro% #ro$e'ures. ;8 It "s t(e"r res#os"!"%"t* to '"re$t a' maage t(e 'e#%o*met o & t(e ar"es.
Cos"'er"g t(e a!ove $"r$umsta$es, t(e ar"es re'er ot("g more t(a ass"sta$e reu"re' " $o'u$t"g t(e #atro%s. As su$(, t(ere $a !e o "s"'"ous "$urs"o o& t(e m"%"tar* " $"v"%"a a&&a"rs or $a t(ere !e a v"o%at"o o& t(e $"v"%"a su#rema$* $%ause " t(e Cost"tut"o. Po%"t"$a% uest"os are 'e&"e' as t(ose uest"os )("$( u'er t(e Cost"tut"o, are to !e 'e$"'e' !* t(e #eo#%e " t(e"r sovere"g $a#a$"t*, or " regar' to )("$( &u%% '"s$ret"oar*
aut(or"t* (as !ee 'e%egate' to t(e %eg"s%at"ve or ee$ut"ve !ra$( o& govermet. 2 (e* (ave t)o as#e$ts= 1 t(ose matters t(at are to !e eer$"se' !* t(e #eo#%e " t(e"r #r"mar* #o%"t"$a% $a#a$"t* a' 2 matters )("$( (ave !ee s#e$"&"$a%%* 'e%egate' to some ot(er 'e#a rtmet or #art"$u%ar o&&"$e o& t(e govermet, )"t( '"s$ret"oar* #o)er to a$t. ; (e eer$"se o& t(e '"s$ret"oar* #o)er o& t(e %eg"s%at"ve or ee$ut"ve !ra$( o& govermet )as o&te t(e area )(ere t(e Court (a' to )rest%e )"t( t(e #o%"t"$a% uest"o 'o$tr"e.
