In-Building Process Troubleshooting
DiGi In-Building System Model Site IPS1 – In-building Passive Antenna System with Outdoor Macro BTS IPS2 – In-building Passive Antenna System with Indoor Macro BTS IPS3 – In-building Passive Antenna System with Micro BTS IAS1 – In-building Active Antenna System with Outdoor Macro BTS IAS2 – In-building Active Antenna System with Indoor Macro BTS IAS3 – In-building Active Antenna System with Micro BTS IRP1 – In-building Passive Antenna System with Repeater
DiGi – ZTE Radio Base Station
RRU type
R8882 (old)
R8840
R8860
R8881 (new)
R8882 (new)
47.78
47.78
49
49
47.78
Typical output power (dBm) 41.76(15) TRX Power dBm (W)-Max
> Internal Only
(New) Remote Radio Unit — ZXSDR R8881 Performance Index
3 7 0 m m
TOC Power/Capacity:
80W: 6 TRXs/4 Carriers/4 TRXs+1 Carrier/2 TRXs+2 Carriers
Receiving Sensitivity:
GSM: -113.5dBm@single antenna
UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual antennas
Frequency:850M/900M/1800M/1900M/2100M/AWS
TPC:
UMTS: 125W (S2, 2100M)
GSM: 155W (S6, 900M)/170W (S6, 1800M)
GU : 170W (G_S4+U_S1, 900M)
MCPA based, high PA efficiency
Power Supply:-48V DC, 220V/110V AC
Supporting GU dual mode
Temperature Range: -40℃ to +55 ℃
Supporting Full Bands
Protection Class: IP65
High output power
Interface:2*1.25G CPRI interfaces
Built-in lightening protection
Physical Index Volume: 370 mm*320 mm*170 mm (H*W*D) Weight: 18 kg
7
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
> Internal Only
(New) Remote Radio Unit — ZXSDR R8882 Performance Index
Tx/Rx Rx
4 8 0 m m
PA
Rx Tx/Rx
PA
Capacity:
G/U: 2*6 TRX /2*4 Carriers
GU : 2*(4TRX+1Carrier)/2*(2TRX+2 Carriers)
Output Power:2*60W
Receiving Sensitivity:
GSM: - 113.5dBm@single antenna
UMTS: -129.2dBm@dual antennas
Frequency:850M/900M/1800M/1900M/2100M/AWS
TPC:
GSM: 290W (S66, 900M) ; UMTS: 150W (S11, 2100M)
GU: 315W (G_S44+U_S11, 900M)
Power Supply:-48V DC Temperature Range: -40℃ to +55 ℃
MCPA based , high PA efficiency
Supporting GU dual-mode dual-band
2T4R, supporting 2 sectors or 2*2 MIMO
Protection Class: IP65
Interface:2*2.5G CPRI optical interfaces
Supporting Full Bands
Built-in lightening protection
Physical Index
Volume: 480 mm*320 mm*150 mm (H*W*D)
Weight: 23 Kg
PA
8
PA
PA
PA
© ZTE Corporation. All rights reserved.
Multi-Operator In-Building System (Common Antenna System, CAS) •
In-Building System shared by all telco operators
•
Normally apply to big shopping malls, corporate buildings or new buildings
•
All operators’ equipment will be centralized in an equipment room
•
All operators design criteriawill foragree 2G & on 3Ga common in-building
•
Planning and installation of the system will be managed by the appointed operator as the Project Manager (PM)
•
Project will be awarded to the PM’s selected contractor
•
Preventive and Corrective Maintenance of Antenna system to be provided by appointed contractor for huge, active & hybrid system ie Midvalley Megamall
Celcom
Maxis
DiGi
After Preliminary Site Survey What To Include In Design Criteria? • • • • • •
Model Site BTS equipment used with power output Sectorization plan RxLev for different priority area Spillage RxQual
• BTS Equipment • KPIs • Coverage area definition for different priority areas Design Criteria
In-building System RF Components 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Feeder Coupler Power Splitter Hybrid Co mbiner Diplexer Triplexer T-Bias
In-building System RF Components Feeders Feeder Type
Attenuation / feeder length
Coaxial 7/8 inches
~ 6.5dB / 100m
Coaxial 1/2 inches
~ 10.0dB / 100m
Coaxial 1 5/8 inches
~ 4.0dB / 100m
Fiber cables
Good performance for distance of 1 –2 km
Coupler • COUPLER is used to divide power unevenly to the antennas. Coupler Type
Hi Loss (dBm)
Lo Loss (dBm)
6dB
6.3
1.56
10dB
10.3
0.76
13dB
13.3
0.52
15dB
15.3
0.44
20dB
20.3
0.35
In-building System RF Components (cont) Power Splitter •
POWER SPLITTER equally divide the power to 2 or more antennas. Splitter Type
Loss (dBm)
2-Way
3.3
3-Way
5.1
4-Way
6.3
* Inclusive of insertion loss of 0.3 dBm
Hybrid Combiner • HYBRID COMBINER / COUPLER is commonly used to combine the transceiver units of BTS • Generally used in in-building design is the 3dB hybrid combiner with typical coupled loss of 3.5 dBm • 2 input to 2 output
Coupler
2 in 2 out combiner —800-2500MHz N-F P/N: HT.HCP-0825-031118 Electrical Specifications: 1. Frequency Range(MHz): 800-2500 2. Insertion Loss(dB): ≤3.5 3. In-band Ripple(dB): ≤0.5 4. VSWR: ≤1.2:1
5. Isolation(dB): ≥25 6. Impedance( ): 50 7. Average Power(W): ≤200 8. Connectors: N-Female 9. Dimension(mm): Refer to the drawing 10. Operating Temperature(°C):-30~+50 11. Finish: Black Plated
Power Splitter
R eactive Power S plitters Reactive splitters offered in 2, 3 and 4 ways, use air-line dielectrics with silver plated, metal conductors in aluminum housings. They have excellent input VSWR, high power ratings, low PIM and very low losses usually 0.05 dB or less. Modern design techniques allow bandwidths that extend from 380 to 4200 MHz in housing of convenient length. Reactive splitters are frequently employed in in-building systems because they are virtually indestructible, low loss and low PIM. The most basic form of a power splitter is a simple "T" connection, which has one input and two outputs. If the "T" is mechanically symmetrical, a signal applied to the input will be divided into two output signals, equal in amplitude and phase.
Hybrid Coupler/Combiner
Hybrid Comb iners Hybrid Couplers have the important characteristic that allows addition of two or more signals without interaction regardless of how close the frequencies of the signals may be. This feature can often eliminate the need for filters which can often introduce signal aberrations. The most commonly recommended hybrid for wireless systems is a multi-section, strip-line design, covering 700 MHz to 2700 MHz, which includes the present and future cellular, PCS, 3G and 3G/4G extension bands.
Diplexer/Duplexer
Duplex and diplex depends on the use. There is not physical difference. If signals go both directions, like transmitting and receiving, it is called a duplexer. (Think of full duplex to remember the difference.) If signals go one direction only and are sorted by frequency into different paths, it is called a diplexer. Circulators and isolators are almost exactly the same. The only difference is the third port (relative to the main input and output) being available for the user (circulator) or terminated into a resistive load inside the case (isolator).
In-building System RF Components (cont) Diplexer • Diplexer is commonly used to combine the transceiver units of BTS. • Generally used in in-building design is the triplexer with typical loss of 0.5 dBm. • 2 input to 1 output. Input ports are pre-designed for GSM1800 and GSM900
Triplexer • Triplexer is commonly used to combine the transceiver units of BTS. • Generally used in in-building design is the triplexer with typical loss of 0.5 dBm. • 3 input to 1 output. Input ports are pre-designed for GSM1800, 900 and 3G.
IBC scenarios 1. Combiner for 3 Operator ( DiGi PM) 2. Combiner for 2 Operator ( DiGi PM) 3. Single Operator ( DiGi PM) 4. Combiner for 4 Operator ( DiGi PM) 5. Propose maxis share PM Celcom 6. Combiner for 4 Operator using High gain combiner 500W ( DiGi PM)
Triplexer maxis
Maxis Maxis 3G Propose new HB Propose new HB Celcom
HC HC TRI
DiGi
Combiner for 3 Operator ( DiGi PM)
Maxis 2G Antenna Maxis 3G DiGi
900 3G 1800
HC Propose new HB
DiGi 900 3G 1800
Combiner for 2 Operator ( DiGi PM)
DiGi
New cable 1/2
900 1800 3G
DiGi New combiner
Single Operator ( DiGi PM)
C M UM
HC
new 500 W combiner
Maxis 2G & 3G DIGI 2G & 3G
H C
H C DIGI antenna
UM 3G Celc0m 2G & 3G
H C
H C
Combiner for 4 Operator ( DiGi PM)
Triplexer celcom 900 1800 3G
H C exiting Coupler Celcom
Triplexer maxis 900 1800 3G
Triplexer digi 900 1800 3G
H C exiting HB DiGi
Propose maxis share PM Celcom
Propose new Triplexer 900 1800
DiGi
3G
H C DiGi
Sector 1
Maxis port Maxis port
Propose new Triplexer 900 1800
Celcom port
Sector 2
3G
Maxis 8 port combiner Celcom port Maxis port Maxis port
Propose new Triplexer
Combiner for 4 Operator using High gain combiner 500W ( DiGi PM)
Maxis 8 port combiner
UNDER CONSTRUCTIONS SLIDE
Menara Olympia Existing DiGi one sector at site
36.7dBm 40dBm DiGi BTS
2W splitte r
36.7dBm
DiGi preferred combining circuit
40dBm Hybrid Combiner
DiGi
Celcom
40dBm
Plaza Melaka Raya
Existing:-
40dBm A DiGi BTS
30dBm 10dB To indoor system attenuator
B to outdoor sectors C
Proposed combining circuit for Maxis
Maxis to remove 10dB attenuator and replace with HC Maxis BTS
35dBm
35dBm
HC
To DiGi indoor system
DiGi BTS To Digi outdoor
Prime Minister’s Residence Putrajaya
Maxis
DiGi proposed Combining Circuit
Maxis GSM 900
Triplexer
To existing combiner
Maxis 3g
Queensbay Mall Penang Model Site: IPS2 – In-building Passive Antenna System w ith Indoor Macro BTS. Site Nature: CAS_3
Hybrid Coupler Basics 3dB, 90° Hybrid Couplers A 3 dB, 90° hybrid coupler is a four-port device that is used either to equally split an input signal with a resultant 90° phase shift between output ports or to combine two signals while maintaining high isolation between the ports.
Figure 1 The basic configuration of a hybrid coupler is shown in Figure 1 which illustrates two cross-over transmission lines over a length of one-quarter wavelength, corresponding with the center frequency of operation. When power is introduced at the IN port, half the power (3dB) flows to the 0° port and the other half is coupled (in the opposite direction) to the 90° port. Reflections from mismatches sent back to the output ports will flow directly to the ISO port or cancel at the input. This is why hybrids are so widely used to split high power signals in applications where unwanted reflections could easily damage the driver device. 3 dB, 90° degree hybrids are also know as quadrature hybrids because a signal applied to any input, will result in two equal amplitude signals that are quadrant (90° apart). It also makes no difference which port is the input because the relationship at the outputs remains the same as these devices are electrically and mechanically symmetrical. This configuration ensures a high degree of isolation between the two output ports and the two input ports without unwanted interaction between them.
RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids are a group of circuits and components that are used in many RF applications to split, combine or sample RF power in circuits. Being similar in nature, they are often linked together in explanations or within similar areas within manufacturers catalogues. Coupler, splitter, combiner, hybrid definitions The terms RF combiners, splitters, couplers and hybrids refer to slightly different items. Each item is used in RF design and all are important to the RF designer. R F comb iner: An RF combiner is used to combine RF from a number of different sources. This is achieved while maintaining the characteristic impedance of the system. Dependent upon the type of combiner it may introduce additional loss by using resistors, or it may be use transformers in which case it could in theory be lossless. RF combiners can be used in a number of different applications. They are used for sending several signals along a single feeder, and they may also be used for circuits where several RF signals need to be brought together. R F s plitter: An RF splitter is the reverse of a combiner - in fact splitters and combiners utilize exactly the same circuits - the inputs for one form the outputs for the other. As the signal is split a number of ways, there is an associated reduction in signal level between the input and the output dependent upon the number of outputs for which the signal is shared. R F hybrid : A number of circuits are referredto as hybrids. RF hybrids are based on transformers, and as such RF splitters or RF combiners may be referred to as hybrids when they use transformer technology. R F coupler: Directional couplers have many similarities with splitters.They are often used to sample signals and they may have directional properties. Rather than being based upon transformer technology they use capacitive coupling to achieve their aims.
Diplexer/Triplexer The diplexers and triplexers is designed to enable feeder sharing of several systems on the same site. Focusing at the highest technical performance standard and at easy installation, it’s have developed a broad range of innovative products for cellular band, GSM 900, GSM 1800, PCS 1900 and UMTS 2100, covering frequency bands from 806 to 2170 MHz. Duplexers Duplexers are used to simultaneously transmit and receive from a single antenna. They are three-port devices comprising a combination of transmit and receive filters with a common antenna port. Duplexers are designed for various application based on operational frequency and utility. As an example, mobile duplexers are designed to handle low power and are very compact in size. Base station duplexers are designed to handle higher base radio power and generally designed to be mountable in standard equipment racks.
The End
