HRH 4/21/14 Civil Rights & Social Movements in the Americas 1. US Africa African n America American n Rights Rights Movement Movement a. Contradicting forces forces of belief in in e!alit" vs. inherentl" racist societ". societ". b. #e facto facto $societal% $societal% discri discriminat mination ion no' no' not de (!re (!re $legal% $legal% c. )orthern )orthern hites hites s!**orte s!**orted d So!thern So!thern Civil Civil Rights Rights movemen movementt i. Hoeve Hoever' r' hen hen came came to nort north' h' ere ere !*se !*sett ii. Plessy vs Ferguson $1+,-% se*arate b!t e!al d. )AAC $earl" $earl" 1,00s% 1,00s% ..3. ..3. #! 3ios 3ios i. 3lacs 3lacs entered entered 55 ith 6do!ble 6do!ble 7 for victo victor"8 r"8 ii. 5ntegratio 5ntegration n of arm" d!ring 9orea 9orean n ar ar e. d!c d!cat atio ion n *rob *robs s i. Brown vs. Board of Education se*arate isn:t e!al $1,;4% ii. oor oor ed!catio ed!cation n !alit" !alit" < literac" literac" voting test obvio obvio!s !s discrimination iii. iii. =ittle =ittle Roc Roc )ine )ine $1,;>% $1,;>% iv. iv. 1,-+ S!*re S!*reme me Co!rt decisi decision on to integrate integrate schools schools all all at once once f. 1,;;? mmett mmett @ill @ill $14% $14% br!tall" br!tall" m!tila m!tilated ted and m!rdered m!rdered hile hile visiting visiting famil" in So!th b/c 6irted8 / hite oman g. 1,;;? Rosa Rosa ars ars and and Montgom Montgomer" er" 3!s 3o"cot 3o"cottt i. M=9 Br. Br. =ed bo"c bo"cott ott'' bro!g bro!ght ht media media 1. S!cceeded S!cceeded'' 9ing formed formed So!ther So!thern n Christian Christian =eadershi* =eadershi* Conference 2. 9non for 6=ett 6=etter er from from 3irming 3irmingham ham Cit" Cit" Bail8 Bail8 . Assa Assassi ssina nate ted d 1,1,-+ + h. 9enned" 9enned" elected' elected' movement movement *ic *iced ed !* !* i. @aled aled more more than acted acted'' tho!gh tho!gh ii. hites hites still *revent *revented ed blacs blacs active active in civil civil rights from from getting getting (obs iii. 9enned" movement movement slo slo b/c limited limited t co!rts co!rts 1. St!dent St!dent )onviolent )onviolent Coordi Coordinatin nating g Committee Committee $S)CC% $S)CC% began sit?ins 2. Congress Congress of Racial Racial !alit" !alit" $CDR% $CDR% !sed Ereed Ereedom om Riders Riders a. 9enned enned *rot *rotec ecte ted d iv. iv. 9enned feared feared claims claims M=9 M=9 as Comm!nist Comm!nist'' ire ta**ed ta**ed *hone *hone v. 9enned" had Frst Frst blac blac st!dent st!dent escort escorted ed to Dle Dle Miss Miss i. A!g A!g 1,- 1,-?? Marc March h on as ashi hing ngto ton n (. S!mmer 1,-4? 6S!mmer ro(ect8 ro(ect8 blac and hite hite st!dents for voting rights i. @hree @hree illed illed'' hite hite (!r" ref!sed ref!sed to convic convictt . =3B !sed *!blicit *!blicit" " of tragedies tragedies to *ass 1,-; 1,-; 7oting 7oting Rights Rights Act Act $forbade $forbade discrimination% i. 1,-; 1,-; 7oti 7oting ng Right Rights s Act $rig $right ht to vote% vote% th ii. 1,-4? 24 Amendment $*oll taG illegal% l. 1,-4 Mississ Mississi**i i**i Ereed Ereedom om S!mmer S!mmer ro(ect ro(ect organie organie Eree Ereedom dom #emocratic art" $E#% via )ational #em Convention
i. E# re*s told stor" before #em Credentials Committee to be dem re*s for Mississi**i ii. =3B ref!sed to seat' fearing *art" s*lit iii. 5nstead re!ired lo"alt" oath against discrimination 1. Dnl" signed m. con and social discrimination contin!ed i. atts riots in =A in res*onse to @7 violence ii. Malcolm I as 5slamic blac se*aratist leader 1. Changed last name to conve" lost African identit" 2. Used violence as o**osition . 63lac *oer8 made hite s!**orters nervo!s' divided Afr Amer comm!nit" iii. 1,--? )eton/ Seale created 3lac anther art" 1. Advocated ea*ons as *rotection from *olice attacs 2. Militant MarGist *hiloso*h" . #emanded immediate e!alit" on all fronts 4. Marched Cali ca*itol to *rotest anti?g!n la ;. art fell a*art 1,>0s b/c legal costs from crimes/violence iv. 1,->?+J ides*read riots 1. M=9 assassination made orse 2. Militanc" created hite baclash that Re*!b *art" !sed $ith school integration fr!stration & anti?7ietnam *rotests% to get )iGon elected a. / )iGon' civil rights movement lost *oer n. Dverall res!lts of movement i. @ech released blac *lantation orers ho then moved )orth ii. hites moved o!t of cities' verticall" integrated blac ghettos formed 1. All econ classes there !ntil ho!sing integration increased' ealth" left a. Hoever' res!lted in less *ositive in!ences for *oor blacs 2. @oda" 1/ blacs belo *overt" line a. ,K !nem*lo"ed b. Most *risoners blac' more black males in prison than college c. 3lac infant mortalit" do!ble of hite 2. Eeminist MovementL a. ost 55 Eeminism i. 5ns*ired b" blac civil rights' anti?7ietnam ar and increased female em*lo"ment from ar ii. 3ett" Eriedan:s Feminine Mystique fr!stration ith 6glass ceiling8 in b!sinesses iii. 1,--? )ational Drganiation for omen $)D% 1. Eight for abortion and birth control iv. 2 factionsJ 1. )D/ older *rofessionalsJ ored in *olitical s"stem for child care' e!al *a" 2. o!nger omenJ mass *rotests' direct action
v. 1,>2? @itle 5I of Higher d!cation ActJ banned discrimination in ed!cation vi. 1,>2 Congress *assed amendment for e!alit" of rights !nder la 1. D**osition b" b!sinesses' o**onents fearing gatea" to ga" marriage' banning of single?seG schools' s*orts teamsN bathroomsO $5diots% vii. 1,>4? !al Credit D**ort!nit" Act viii. 1,>? Roe vs Wade r!led right to abortion in Frst trimester $rest !* to states% b. ost?55 feminism in =atin America i. omen received vote in ever" co!ntr" b" 1,-1 ii. omen as *olitical leadersJ 1. va/5sabel erPn' Cristina Eernande de 9ircher $*re Argentina% 2. Co!ntries ado*ted min !ota for females in *olitical *art" iii. d!cationJ 1. Qa* narroed in all co!ntries' in some omen are s!*erior iv. Hoever' social' econ and *olitical e!alit" !nim*roved 1. Machismo 2. Child?bearing omen !nliel" to reenter orforce . Men earn more than omen $eGce*t Costa Rica% v. Catholic Ch!rch made abortion illegal' man others disco!raged vi. 1,>0s? omen hel*ed overthro dictatorshi*s of )icarag!a' Chile' Ur!g!a"' Argentina 1. omen re*laced arrested male activists 2. =as Madres de laa de Ma"o in 3!enos Aires gre large movement . )ative American Rights a. ost? 55 Movement in America i. 5ns*ired b" blac civil rights b/c *oorest minorit" in US ii. 1,-+? American 5ndian Movement $A5M% to *rotect rights/mone" 1. s*eciall" land contracts 2. !blicied high !nem*lo"ment' *oor ho!sing/ health care . S*oe o!t against American racism 4. 3elieved direct action as best a**roach iii. Dnl" 1.;K American *o*' *oliticians disco!nted needs iv. 1,>1? A5M:s @rail of 3roen @reaties march on ashington $1'000% 1. Dcc!*ied 3!rea! of 5ndian Aairs for a ee' ca!sed damage 2. Qov:t a**eased / mone" & *romise to a**oint native American to 35A v. 1,>? A5M seied trading *ost' ch!rch at o!nded 9nee 1. =ocal tribe chief didn:t s!**ort b/c tho!ght as too radical 2. E35 tried to siege' b!t enco!ntered stando . Charges dro**ed' gov:t agreed to revie treaties
vi. D**osed )ative American mascots' Col!mb!s #a"/ @hansgiving vii. 1,>;? 5ndian Self?determinism & d!cation Assistance Act viii. 1,>-? 5ndian Health Care 5m*rovement Act 1. D*erate on health s"stem 2. Scholarshi*s to st!d health iG. hile A5M *!blicied *oor living conditions' little change to econ stat!s b. ost?55 Movement in Canada i. Referred to as 6Eirst eo*les8 or 6Eirst )ations8 ii. ost?55 granted the vote iii. )o !niFed movement iv. Da Crisis $1,,0% 1. 3eteen Da' !ebec' and the Mohas 2. Mohas claimed b!rial gro!nds' b!t Da anted to b!ild golf co!rse . Da got !ebec *olice involved' Fring began and !ebec oTcer illed 4. Dther )atives (oined s!**ort b" blocing higha"s ;. Canadian *olice got higha"s !nbloced' !ebec gov:t ref!sed to negotiate -. Da golf co!rse didn:t eG*and' b!t )atives arrested >. Eirst )ations olicing olic" $1,,2%? aboriginal *olice force +. Eormation of 1,,1 Ro"al Commission on Aboriginal eo*les $*olicies not ado*ted b" Canadian gov:t% c. ost?55 Movements in =atin America i. ?40 mil' 400 dierent gro!*s' in all =atin Amer b!t Ur!g!a" ii. ,0K farmers' descended from 5nca' Ma"a' Atec 1. Most in Andes or Central America iii. c!ador 1. 1,+- Confederation of 5ndigeno!s )ationalities of c!ador $CD)A5% a. ants to convert c!ador into 12 nations / *o*!lar *arliaments b. 1,,2 march of indigeno!s to ca*itol in !ito to force negotiation of indian rights i. Qov:t granted 10'000 s mi c. 3ro!ght abo!t ne c!adorian constit!tion in 1,,+ / more rights i. 7iolated commonl" iv. MeGico 1. 1,+ a*atista Arm" of )ational =iberation $=)% a. Eoc!sed on land reform 2. 1,,4 )orth American Eree @rade Agreement ent into eect a. =) o**osing globaliation *artici*ated in armed conict vs MeGican arm" b. 12 da"s later' cease?Fre 4. o!th C!lt!re' *rotests of 1,-0s?>0s
a. o!th C!lt!re 1,-0s?>0s i. 3ab" boom in -0s ii. 63eat8 a!thors against materialism in ;0s 1. SeG!al freedom' dr!g !se as road to liberation 2. Reached college ids in 1,-0s a. 6Eree love8 *er*et!ated b" birth control *ill in 1,-0 . S*aned Hi**ie movement late 1,-0s a. S!mmer of =ove?1,-> in San Erancisco iii. UC 3erele" Chancellor attem*ted to sto* all b!t *olitical f!ndraising. hen st!dent rebelled' as arrested' b!t charges dro**ed 1. Eree S*eech Movement beginsL 2. =ed to anti?7ietnam ar iv. 1,>0s roc and roll became mainstream m!sic' st"les of -0s hi**ies normal b. MeGican o!th of 1,-0s i. Similar roc' dr!gs' love c!lt!re ii. 1,-+ Dl"m*ics? *rotested lac of freedoms' gov:t acco!ntabilit" iii. re Q!stavo #ia made arm" occ!*" )ational A!tonomo!s Universit" 1. After , ees' ;'000 st!dents gathered to rall" against Dl"m*ics' *olice shot 200?00 in @latelolco Massacre 2. nd of movement iv. Bi*iteca native hi**ie movement? =a Dnda Chicana movement v. MeGican oodstoc $Eestival de Avandaro%
