IATA - Passport, Visa and Health Information Glossary

25/8/2014

IATA - Passpor t, Vi sa and Heal th Infor mati on Gl ossar y

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A back bac k to to p AIDS and HIV infection AIDS and other human immunodeficiency virus infections (HIV) are now present in most countries of the world. According Acc ording to WHO s tatistics tat istics in December 2002: 2002: 42 42 mil milli lion on people peo ple were living with HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS, 5 mil milli lion on people peo ple newly n ewly infected with with HIV in 2002 2002 and 3.1 milli illion on people peo ple who d ied in 2002 2002 with with A IDS related related deat hs . Meas ures for preventing preve nting HIV infection are the s ame whether wheth er the individual is travelling travelling ab road or no t. HIV HIV infection is spread s pread by by three routes: s exual exual (both (bot h ho mos exual exual and heteros het eros exual exual - anal, vaginal, or oral sex), sex), blood (es pecially blood trans fusions fus ions,, or use of nee dles co ntam nta minated with blood ), or from moth er to infant . Numerous Numerous s tud ies hav e sh own that th at there th ere is no risk of acquiring acquiring HIV infection from cas ual contact, cont act, us e of any public p ublic convey ance (e.g., train, train, bus , aeroplane, aeroplane, boat) by p ersons infected infected with hiv does n ot create a risk for for others s haring haring http://www.i atatr avel centr e.com/passpor t- vi sa- heal th- g l ossar y.htm

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IATA - Passpor t, Vi sa and Heal th Infor mati on Gl ossar y

the s ame ame convey ance. There is is no evidence that HIV is spread by mosqu itoes or other insect vect ors. To avoid infection with HIV through sexual contact, travellers should avoid sex or limit sexual contact to a faithful, uninfect ed partne p artner. r. Othe Otherwi rwise se,, lim limiting iting t he number n umber of sex se xual partn ers will lower the risk. Sexual Sexual contact con tact with with pros titutes titut es s hou ld be st rictly rictly avo ided. Use of a cond om, from start st art to finish of s exual exual activity, will will reduce reduc e the risk of HIV infection. Spermicides and diaphragms, if used in addition to a condom, may provide additional protection. To reduce t he risk of HIV HIV infection infection from needles an d blood, travellers travellers s hould avoid intravenous drug us e or any type of need le-sha le-sha ring. ring. Me dical injecti injections ons with with un-st erili erilizzed e quipment quipment are also a po ss ible ible s ource o f infection. infection. If an injection injection is es sential sen tial,, the traveller traveller sho uld be certain that t he need les and s yringes yringes come from from a s terile terile package package or have been sterilized properly by steam or boiling water for 20 minutes, or by chemical disinfection for 30 minutes. Patients Patients under medical medical care who require fr frequent equent injections injections (e.g. diabetics) diabetics) s hould carry s ufficient ufficient s terile terile needles and s yringes yringes for the duration of their trip trip and a doct or’s autho rizati rization on for their use. Dental procedures, th e needles used us ed in tatto oing and ac upunc ture, ear-pier ear-piercing cing devices, and other s kin-pier kin-piercing cing instruments instruments can also transmit transmit infection infection if the ins truments truments use d are not properly properly s terili terilizzed. If a blood blood t ransfus ion is is abs olutely ess ential, ential, the traveller traveller sho uld request blood that has been s creened for HIV HIV infection. infection. By following these recommendations, HIV infection can be avoided everywhere in the world. Persons who are infected infected with with HIV should sh ould cons ult their person al physician for for a detailed detailed as ses sment and ad vice prior to travel. The bene fits fits and risks of o f recomm recommended end ed imm immunizations, unizations , prophy lactic medication medications, s, and an d the t ravel its itself elf should sh ould all be con sidered.

Airport tax information information Inform Information is pub lish lished ed on ly about airport tax to be paid by th e pas senger, sen ger, mos mostly tly upon departure at t he airport, in in som so me cas es u pon arrival at des tination. tination. Information on the following kind of taxes are not published in the IATA Travel Centre: taxes taxes co llected llected from a pas senger sen ger upon p urchase of the ticket ticket taxes failed to be collected from a passenger (if applicable) at the time of ticket issue, which as a cons equence thereof will will be co llected llected at t he airport of embarkation embarkation (see also ap propriate propriate carrier's carrier's t ariff ariff pub lication lications); s); taxes included in the air fare

B back bac k to to p Baggage Clearance: The procedu re for baggage clearance are not internationally internationally s tandardized. tandardized. Cus Customs toms autho rities rities of each count ry follow follow indepen indepen dently-drafted dently-drafted regu lations lations . Often Often t hes e regulations d iffer iffer for for one or more more of the airports airports a cou ntry may have. Under "Baggage Clearance" Clearance" inform information ation is pu blish blished ed ab out the p lace of clearance. clearance. Baggage is c leared leared at the first first airport airport of en try or at the airport of final final des tination tination within one co untry (und er certain circum circumst stances ances not at all). all). Usually Usually th e travel circum circumsta stances nces of a pas sen ger determine determine th e place of clearance, e.g. baggage of an a rrivi rriving ng pas senge se ngerr can be cleared, while while bagg age of o f a pass enger eng er in in trans it is is not. n ot. The regulations reg ulations as p ublished ublishe d are applicable applicable to all pass engers, including including s eamen. eamen. Specific Specific regulations regulations for each co untry can be found under Custo ms, subse su bse ction Baggage Clearance. Clearance. Note: December December 19, 19, 199 1991 1 a Council Regu Regulation lation of the European Union (at t hat tim t ime: e: Europe Europe an Economic Comm Community ) was agreed o n, concerning the elim elimination ination of con trols and formali formalities ties applicable applicable to b oth c abin and ho ld baggage of pers ons travelling travelling on an intra-community intra-community flight or intra-community intra-community s ea cros sing . Althoug h this coun c oun cil regulation resulted in a more or less standard st andard proced ure for all E.U. .U. Member Member States , significant significant differences differences have s ince been implem implemented ented by s everal of these s tates . Therefore Therefore the regulations regulations for each E.U E.U.. country given u nder s ection 5. http://www.i atatr avel centr e.com/passpor t- vi sa- heal th- g l ossar y.htm

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IATA - Passport, Visa and Health Information Glossary

Customs - Baggage Clearance can h ave bo th national as well as community as pects , or only one o f these .

British Passports and endorsements regarding national status British pas sports will have o ne of the following endorse ments as regards nat ional status . Note: this list is an explanation of the various types of British pas spo rts iss ued and in the event o f a visa exemption being granted t o holders of British Citizen pas sports, it does not necess arily mean that holders of the ot her pass ports are visa exempt. 1. British Citizen - for tho se clos ely connected with the United Kingdo m (incl. the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) 2. British Overseas Territories Citizen (previous ly referred to as British Depend ent Territories Citizen) - For thos e with connections with one or more of the o verseas territories (see d escription of The Commonwealth of Nations ) which remains as a British depend ency. W ith the introduct ion of the British Overseas Territories Act 2002, British Dependent Territories citizenship (BDTC) has been re-named as British Overseas Territories citizens hip. From May 1, 2002, mos t people who h eld a BDTC passp ort automatically became British citizens, which is additional to, not a replacement of, their British Overseas Territories citizenship. (This d oes not apply to th ose who derive their connec tion from the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia). British Overseas Territories citizens now have the option of renewing their British Dependent Territories citizen passport with a British Overseas Territories Citizen passport or British Citizen passport. 3. British National (Overseas ) - Replaces British Depend ent Territories Citizen pas sports issued in Hong Kong , which ceas ed to be valid after June 30, 1997. Holders o f British National pass ports have the right of ab ode in Hong Kong (SAR China) and the p ass port will bear an end orsement with reference to the holder's Hong Kong Permanent identity card s tating his right of abode in Hong Kong. Moreover, they do not ne ed a visa to visit the United Kingdom and pas sport will bear the s pecial endors ement: "In acco rdance with the United Kingdom Immigration Rules the holder of this p ass port do es not require an entry certificate or visa to visit the United Kingdom"; 4. British Overseas Citizen - for thos e presen t citizens of the U.K. and colonies who do n ot acquire either of the above types of citizenship (they are likely to be people who acq uired their citizens hip through an ass ociation with a former depend ent territory). 5. British Protected Person - for thos e who had a conn ection with territories that were previously British Protectorates, Protected State s o r mandated of Trust Territories; 6. British Subjects - generally applies to t hos e were born prior to January 1, 1949 and who had a conn ection with either British India or Ireland (Rep. of). Only holders of British pas spo rts en dorsed British Citizens have the au tomatic right to live permanently in the United Kingdom ("the right of abo de") an d are free to leave and re-enter at any t ime. Pass ports of British Citizens do not co ntain a reference to this Automatic right. The o ther catego ries will not h ave aut omatic right o f abode in the United Kingdom and the ir pas spo rts will bear one of t he following endorsements : "Holder is subject to control under the Immigration Act 1971” ”Holder is entitled to re-admission to the United Kingdom" Holders of British Overseas Territories Citizen (previously referred to as British Dependent Territories Citizen), British National Overseas, British Overseas Citizen, British Subject, or British Protected Person passports may be required to hold a visa ev en though the country being v isited does not require a visa for holders of British Citizen Passports.

C back to to p China (People's Rep.) travel documents Care should be taken when reading a nd interpreting ent ry requirements for nationals of mainland China (People's Rep.), as these may differ considerably from the requirements applicable to nationals of China (People's Rep.) holding: Hong Kong (SAR China) travel documents Macao (SAR China) travel documents http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Furthermore, these requirements also differ to those required of nationals of Chinese Taipei (Republic of China or Taiwan). Note: SAR = Special Administrative Region

Cholera International Certificate of Vaccination or revaccination: In the most recently issued International Certificate of Vaccination , the World Health Organization did not include a separate vaccination certificate against cholera. If vaccination against cholera is performed it can be entered in the space for other vaccinations . However, the boo klets containing the s eparate vaccination certificate against ch olera can s till be used. Meas ures by health autho rities in case of non -compliance with the health regulations : Surveillance 5 days if not arriving from an infected area. Quarantine (periods reckoned from day of departure) 5 days (or: until certificate becomes valid whichever occurs first) if arriving from an infected area. Period of va lidity: In cas e of p rimary vaccination: 6 months , beginning 6 days after first injection. In cas e of revaccination within the 6 month period: 6 months , beginning on dat e of revaccination. The old certificate has to be sho wn during th e first 6 days after revaccination. Protection: Some coun tries s till require vaccination even though such a requirement can not b e justified as a means of preventing s pread o f the disease. Cholera vaccination is not routinely recommended by the world health organization. It does not give pers onal protection an d travellers s hould always p ay careful attention to food and water in endemic countries. They s hould drink only treated or bott led water, avoid uncooked vegetab les and fruit, and pa y attention to personal hygiene. However, for some countries, vaccination cholera could be cons idered as a justified additional perso nal measure. If a traveller should become ill with diarrhoea after returning home the physician should be informed that the traveller has v isited a cholera-infected cou ntry so that a rapid diagnos is may be made and treatment started.

Cholera Infected Areas Cholera Infected Areas exist in: AFGHANISTAN (AF) ANGOLA (A O) BENIN (REPUBLIC) (BJ) BHUTAN (BT) BRAZIL (BR) BURKINA FASO (BF) BURUNDI (BI) CAMBODIA (KH) CAMEROON (CM) CAPE VERDE ISLANDS (CV) CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC (CF) CHAD (TD) CHINA (PEOPLE'S REP.) (CN) COMORES ISLANDS (KM) CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE) (CG) CONGO (KINSHASA) (CD) COTE D'IVOIRE (CI) DJIBOUTI (REPUBLIC) (DJ) ECUADOR (EC) EL SALVADOR (SV) GHANA (GH) http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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GUATEMA LA (GT) GUINEA (REPUBLIC OF) (GN) GUINEA-BISSAU (GW) INDIA (IN) IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF) (IR) IRAQ (IQ) KENYA (KE) LAOS (LA) LIBERIA (LR) MADAGASCAR (DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC) (MG) MALAWI (MW) MALI (ML) MAURITANIA (MR) MOZAMBIQUE (MZ) MYANMAR (MM) NEPAL (NP) NICARAGUA (NI) NIGER (NE) NIGERIA (NG) PERU (PE) PHILIPPINES (PH) RWANDA (RW) SAO TOME & PRINCIPE (ST) SENEGAL (SN) SIERRA LEONE (SL) SOMALIA (SO) SOUTH AFRICA (ZA) SWAZILAND (SZ) TANZANIA (UNITED REPUBLIC OF) (TZ) TOGO (TG) UGANDA (UG) VENEZUELA (VE) VIETNAM (VN) ZAMBIA (ZM) ZIMBABWE (ZW) An infected area for cholera is no longer cons idered infected if at least twice the incubation period of five day s has elapsed since the last case of the disease has died, recovered, or been isolated.

Commonwealth of Nations The Commonwealth of Nations includes: Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana, Brunei, Cameroon, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, Fiji, Gambia, Ghana,Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malays ia, Maldives, M alta, Mau ritius , Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Seyche lles, Sierra Leone, Singapo re, Solomon Is., Sout h Africa, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts & Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Swaziland, Tanzania, Ton ga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tu valu, Ugand a, the United Kingdom of Great Britain & N. Ireland, Vanuatu, Zambia, Zimbabwe (temporarily suspended). The following territories dependent on the United Kingdom: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory; British Indian Ocean Territory; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands and dependencies; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderso n, Ducie and Oeno Is lands; St. Helena and depend encies; th e Sovereign Base A reas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (i.e. areas mentioned in section 2(1) of the Cyprus Act 1960); Turks and Caicos Islands; Virgin Islands. The following territories dependent on Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island. The following territories ov erseas depend ent on New Zealand: Tokelau Islands and Ross Dependency. Th e following islands which are s elf-governing in free as sociation with New Zealand: Cook Islands, Niue. . Procedure for ascertaining nationality/citizens hip: in case a passport issu ed by a commonwealth country o ther than the U.K. bears, in addition to the annotation British Subject, the annotation Citizen of ... (one of the commonwealth countries other th an " United Kingdom and colonies), the last mentioned c itizenship/nationality prevails. Cons equent ly for entry regulations (visa exemptions) of the v arious countries, the h older of such a pas sport must not b e cons idered a British Subject, but a national of ...(one of the commonwealth countries ot her than the United http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Kingdom and colonies).

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) Many species of wild fauna and flora are protected by the Convent ion on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES). International trade in such species is also regulated by CITES through a system of export and , for the most en dangered species, import pe rmits. This directly influences the import an d export of related persona l effects o r tourist s ouvenirs. Because CITES governs not only live animals and p lants bu t also th eir parts and d erivatives, travellers are recommended to ch eck if any s uch item they would like to pu rchase falls und er thos e regulations b efore attempting to export it. Pets, which are listed in TIM under 5. Customs, may also be subject to CITES if they are not domestic animals. Their transport, therefore, from one c ountry to an other might be s ubject to CITES regulations . The following countries ha ve CITES membership: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Rep., Chad, Chile, China (Peop le's Rep.), Colombia, Comores Isl., Cong o (Brazzaville), Congo (Kins has a), Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Rep., Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Rep., Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Biss au, Guinea Rep., Guyana, Hond uras , Hungary, Ind ia, Indones ia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Korea Rep., Liberia, Liechtens tein, Luxembourg, Madag ascar (Dem. Rep.), Malawi, Malays ia, Mali, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragu a, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan , Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines , Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Fed., Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapo re, Slovak Rep., Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts -Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines , Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Tanzania, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, U.S.A., Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The list of species regulated und er the con vention is to o extens ive to s how in this s ervice. Therefore you will find below some items which may serve as examples: live animals and plants, e.g. monkeys, wild cats, parrots, lizards, snakes, chameleons, orchids, cacti, etc; products s uch as furs (tiger, leopard, jaguar, cheetah, lion etc.), handbags , belts, purs es, crocodile, cobra, python , lizard, etc.), turtle shell and s kin items ivory carvings , stuffed sp ecimens etc. The complete list of protected species is published in the IATA live animals regulations. In each CITES member state, one or more management authorities are designated for CITES purposes (including information and permit issuance). The list of thes e management au thorities is also p rovided in the IATA live animals regulations . Further information may be obtained from the: CITES secretariat: 15 Chemin des Anemones Case Pos tal 456 CH-1219 Chatelaine-Genev a Switzerland. Warning: customs can confiscate protected species.

Crew Depending on individual country requirements , in addition to their national pas sports where applicable, crew members may b e required to show: General Declaration Form containing information on crew members based on flight details; and Crew Member Certificate or Crew Member Licence issued by the National Aviation Authority of a country, under the agreement of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). These documents show a phot ograph o f the bearer as well as pers onal details, s uch as full name, sex, nationality, date of birth, occupation, place of iss ue and s ignature on beh alf of the iss uing authority.

http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Currency Currency regulations are given for import an d export o f currency ba sed on normal travelling and hotel expens es. For regulations concerning current payments and capital payments cons ult the national bank of the count ry concerned.

D back to to p Dual nationality A pers on may be a n ational or citizen of two (or more) countries and may therefore hold more than one pass port or any other travel document. Such pas senger is en titled to t ravel on any of thes e documents, provided thes e will be accepted b y the cou ntry of dest ination. The visa requirements will depend on the p ass port (or pass port replacing document) used in each case.

E back to to p European Economic an d M onetary Union The following EU Members satisfied the qualifying convergence criteria as laid down by t he Maastricht Treaty and elected to p articipate in eco nomic and monetary union (EMU) from January 1, 1999 onwards: Aus tria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Neth erlands , Portugal and Spain. Since January 1, 1999, the Euro has been the official currency for the above 11 EMU countries. This change also applies to French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Monaco, Reunion, St. Pierre & Miquelon.

F back to to p Firearms and Ammunition Passengers should consult an airline in case of doubt. 1. Airlines s hall not knowingly permit pass engers to retain cus tody of ammunition, firearms and other weapons in the pass enger cabin 2. Ammunition, firearms and other weapons shall only be accep ted for carriage as checked bagga ge. Such firearms shall be unloaded, i.e. free of ammunition, and suitably packed for such carriage. 3. All ammunition s hall be carried in the a ircraft hold as ch ecked baggag e only and with approval of the carrier(s) participating in the transportation as follows: small arms ammunition for sporting purposes (in division 1.4 s) in qu antities not exceeding 5 kgs (11 lbs) gross mass per pas sen ger, securely boxed for pers onal us e, excluding th ose with explosive or incendiary projectiles, both of which are totally prohibited for carriage by air 1. 4. (Except U.K. or British Territories Oversea s) Notwithstanding paragrap hs 1, 2 and 3, an authorised person performing a du ty on board an aircraft such as a law enforcement officer or diplomatic courier, may be permitted to reta in cust ody o f his firearm and ammunition up on du ly identifying himself to airlines' personnel at time of check-in 5. The above is s ubject to any further restrictive conditions applicable in coun tries of departure, transit or destination.

French Monetary Area The French monetary area comprises: Benin*, Burkina Faso*, Cameroon*, Central African, Republic*, Chad*, http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Comores (Islands)*, Congo (Brazzaville)* Cote d'Ivoire*, Equatorial Guinea*, France, French West Indies, French Austral & Antarctic Territories, French Guiana, French Polynesia, Gabon*, Mali*, Mayotte, Monaco, New Caledonia (incl. Futuna and Wallis), Niger*, Reunion Isl., Senegal*, St.Pierre and Miquelon (Is.), Togo*. * The local currency of these countries is CFA Franc (CFA = Communaute Financiere Africaine).

G back to to p No terms are found

H back to to p Health It is necess ary to check carefully the health regulations * of: 1. country of destination 2. country of departu re (also for returning if applicable) 3. Transit sta tions. If only landing will be made en rout e the certificates of vaccination shou ld be checked as well. *The health requirements of various countries officially sen t to the W orld Health Organization are pu blished in its “International Travel and Health" booklet. Unfortunately, this official information d oes not always reflect actual practice at a port of entry. The IATA Travel Centre, on the ot her hand, tries to s how exactly what is ha ppening at the airports. “Infected area" means : municipal, urban or coun ty d istrict where there is a cas e of cho lera or yellow fever that is neither an imported nor a transferred case district where activity of yellow fever virus is found in vertebrates other th an man

Health Authorities Role and Responsibilities Meas ures which may be taken by he alth authorities in accordance with th e International Health Regulations of th e World Health Organization bec ause of missing/invalid v accination certificates. Pos ition of s tates and territories under th e International Health Regulations (1969). Unless otherwise indicated, th e s tates listed are bo und without reservations: Afghanistan , Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua & Barbuda, A rgentina, Armenia, Aus tralia (not bo und), Au stria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbado s, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin (Peop le's Rep.), Bhutan, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde Is., Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China (People's Rep.), Colombia, Comores, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (Kins has a), Cook Islands , Costa Rica, Cote d'ivoire, Cuba, Cyprus , Czech Rep., Denmark, Djibou ti, Dominica, Dominican Rep., Ecuador, Egypt (bound with reservations ), El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea Rep., Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India (bound with reservations), Indon esia, Iran (not fully boun d), Iraq, Ireland (Rep. o f), Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan , Jordan , Kazakkstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea (Dem. People's Rep.), Korea Rep., Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya (not fully bound), Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Mad agas car (Dem. Rep.) (not fully bound ), Malawi, Moldov a (Rep. of), Malys ia, Maldives, Ma li, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands , New Zealand, Nicaragu a, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan (bou nd withreservations), Panama, Papua New Guinea (not bound), Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russian Fed., Rwanda, Samoa, San M arino, Sao Tome & Principe, Saud i Arabia, Senegal, Serbia & Mon tenegro, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapo re, Slovak Rep., Solomon Isl., Somalia, Sout h Africa (no t bo und), Spain, Sri Lanka, St. Kitts-Nevis, St. http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania (United Republic of), Thailand, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates , United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northe rn Ireland, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen (Rep.), Zambia and Zimbabwe. This means that in th ese countries the International Health Regulations of the W .H.W. have the force of law in the sense that s uch a cou ntry has voluntarily and legally agreed th at in its relations with all other s tates and territories, party t o these regulations , the provisions of the international health regulations will govern its act ions. In case h ealth authorities in one o f the count ries mentioned previously as s ignatories to the International Health Regulations take measures which are in contradiction with the data below, it might be advisable th at:

the aut horities co ncerned are alerted to the fact tha t their action con travenes the International Health Regulations . if such matters c ontinue to t ake place thes e are reported. The Inte rnational Health Regulations provide for the following measures: 1. Passengers: surveillance p ass engers may be put under medical surveillance for the period of incubation, reckoned from the day of departure, in th e eve nt o f missing/invalid certificates of vaccination: quarantine (note for airline s tation managers: whenever the official health aut horities place an arriving pas senger in quarantine, a detailed report s hould be s ent in order to en able the carrier's head office to contact, if necessary, the World Health Organization, Geneva.) In case of missing/invalid certificates of vaccination, pass engers may be placed in quarantine 2. Airlines: Detention: aircraft may be detained for a very brief period for the purpose of disinfection if it carried on board a case o f cholera or yellow fever among its passengers. Under the International Health Regulations th e following directives h ave to be taken into acco unt in th e event of pas sengers travelling without vaccination certificates: 1. Passengers: international travellers other than immigrants, seasonal workers or pilgrims may not be refused entry into a country. pas sengers may not be fined, pros ecuted or compulso rily vacc inated. 2. Airlines: carriers cann ot be forced to remove a person from the country involved at carrier's expens e. However, it is actu al practice th at deportation may take place carriers cann ot be forced to pay a fine. Additional information 1. If a vaccinator is of the op inion that vaccination is contraindicated on medical grounds h e should, in writing, provide the person involved with reas ons underlying that opinion, which health aut horities may take into account. 2. Although vaccination cannot be en forced, persons refusing vaccination (e.g. on religious or medical grounds ) can under certain conditions be submitted to surveillance or to iso lation. Missing/invalid certificates. Some airlines will accept pa ss engers not holding valid certificates of vaccination on the co ndition t hat the pas sengers sign a "form of indemnity" . This applies also to passengers ho lding a medical attes tation stating th at a vaccination is und esirable on medical grounds . Validity of vaccination. If the period of validity for a certain country differs from the periods mentioned in the cholera or yellow fever paragraph, the d eviating pe riod is mentioned o n the p age of the cou ntry co ncerned. The day of vaccination is not counted when defining at which date the validity of a vaccination begins. Example: a primary cholera injection has taken place on April 4. The s ixth day thereafte r, the certificate will be valid, so A pril 10.


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I back to to p International Certificates of Vaccinations Method of recording the da te. The date on International Certificates of Vaccination sho uld be recorded in the following sequence: month, day, year - the month to be written in letters and not in figures. Example: January 5, 1999. The booklet International Certificates of Vaccination contains pages with certificates of vaccination: against yellow fever against other diseas es 1. If vaccinations are required, the pas senger has to c ontact h is family docto r or the proper autho rities according to t he regulations which are in force in the cou ntry of depa rture. 2. Common order of vaccinations : yellow fever cholera Having the two vaccinations performed will take about 20 days . However the act ual order of vaccination is very much a p ersonal decision of the phy sician concerned. 3. The International Certificates of Vaccination boo klet, which can be ordered from an air carrier, mus t be du ly filled in, signed by th e vaccinator and s tamped by the prope r authority. 4. The International Certificates of Vaccination in addition to being iss ued by country health administrations, are also va lid when originating from the h ealth services of sp ecialized agencies of t he United Nations, for example FAO, UNESCO, WHO, etc. These certificates should, of course, be signed by the vaccinator and carry the official stamp of the agency concerned. 5. To be valid in international traffic, vaccination certificates must be printed in English and French; a th ird language may be added. Th e certificate must be fully and co rrectly completed in English or French; completion in anoth er language in add ition is not excluded. Only accep t loose vaccination certificates if they are in conformity with t hos e in th e booklet. The Inte rnational Certificate of Vaccination is an individual certificate and sho uld not be used collectively. Separate certificates sho uld be iss ued for minors.

Interna tional Labour Organization (ILO) ILO stan ds for International Labour Organization (a s pecialized agency ass ociated with the United Nations ). The member states who ratify th e ILO Conventions no. 22 and 108, have agreed u pon the adoption o f a Seafarer's National Identity Docu ment/Seaman's Book and further propos als with regard to th e reciprocal or international recognition thereof. ILO Convention 108 applies not only to nat ionals o f these coun tries, but also to stateless seafarers resident in these co untries who hold identity docu ments issued under and in accordance with the Convention. The following countries have ratified ILO Convention no. 22: Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belgium, Belize, Bosnia Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People's Rep.), Colombia, Croatia, Cuba, Djibou ti, Dominica, Egyp t, Esto nia, Finland, France, Germany, Ghana, India, Iraq, Ireland (Rep. of), Italy, Japan, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malta, Mauritania, Mexico, Morocco, My anmar, Netherlands , New Zealand, Nicaragu a, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Serbia & Monteneg ro, Sierra Leone, Singapo re, Slovenia, Somalia, Spain, Tunisia, United Kingdom, Uruguay and Venezuela. The following countries have ratified ILO Convention no.108: Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Azerbaijan, Barbados, Belarus, Belize, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cuba, Czech Rep., Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Estonia, Fiji, Finland, France, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea Biss au, Guyana, Hondu ras, Iceland, India, Iran, Iraq, Ireland (Rep. o f), Italy, Kyrgyzsta n, Latvia, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, M alta, Ma uritius, M exico, Moldova (Rep. of), Morocco, Norway, Panama, Poland, Portu gal, Romania, Russian Fed., Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Sloven ia, Spain, St. Lucia, St. Vincent & the Grenadines, Sweden , Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom and Uruguay.

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back to to p No terms are found

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M back to to p Malaria General: A number of international travellers die from malaria every year because: they were not aware of, or und erestimated, th e danger of cont racting malaria abroad the disease, especially malignant tertian (falciparum) malaria, can simulate various diseases, and diagnosis and adeq uate treatment are delayed; they did not tell their doctor that th ey had recent ly been to a tropical country. Travellers are required to take more respo nsibility for th eir own protect ion and t herefore to s eek advice and t o comply rigorously with the recommended measures. In many malarias countries th e main towns are often free of the diseas e, although th is is not neces sarily true of th eir outs kirts. There is usually much less risk of malaria at altitudes greater than 1500m, but the diseas e can occur in certain climatic conditions as high as 3000m or above. The degree o f risk of infection also may v ary with t he s eason of the ye ar. If there is any doubt about the need to take preventive measu res against malaria, a precautionary attitude s hould be adopted and the traveller should be adv ised to comply with th e recommendations . There are three things travellers s hould always do: inquire beforehand about malaria risk and prophylactic measures a ppropriate for the s pecific area they wish to visit (phys ician health au thorities, specialized institutions, t ravel agents , airline offices etc.); protect themselves agains t mosquito b ites (as des cribed below); be aware that in spite of all their precautions they may still contract malaria. No anti-malarial prophylactic regimen gives complete protection. Protection: Mos quito bites. Th is should con stitute the t raveller's first line of defence agains t malaria. Travellers can protect themselves quite effectively against ins ect bites an d in this way prevent infection; sufficiently thick long-sleeved clothing when outd oors after sun set avoiding dark colours; insect repellent on th e parts of skin remaining exposed (repellent should include either N, N-diethyl-M-toluamide (deet) or dimethyl phthalate; prope rly screened rooms (air-conditioned); anti-mosquito s pray; s leeping und er mos quito net (increased protection b y impregnating with permethrin or de ltamethrin); p lug-in insecticide dispens ers; burning mosquito coils Although chemoprophylaxis National advisory bodies differ in their specific recommendations. The advice given here reflects the current opinion of t he W HO malaria action programme with due cons ideration given to varying experts views; it is not intend ed to supplant the advice of national authorities. The t raveller should cons ult his or her phys ician, who will advise on the app ropriate prophy lactic drug and its dos age. In http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Timatic, the recommended type of prevent ion is referred t o as : Type I (very limited risk of malaria transmission) - Mosquito bite prevention only. Type II (risk of P. vivax malaria or fully chloroquine-sen sitive P. Falciparum only) Mo sq uito bite prevention plus chloroquine chemoprophy laxis. Type III (risk of malaria transmission and memerging chloroquine resistance) Mosquito bite prevention plus chloroquine+prog uanil chemoprophylaxis. Type IV (high risk of falciparum malaria plus drug resistance, or moderate/low risk falciparum malaria but h igh drug res istan ce) Mos quito b ite prevention plus either mefloquine, doxycycline or atovaq uone/proguanil (take one that no resista nce is reported for in the s pecific areas to be visited). Chemoprophylaxis sh ould be s tarted preferably one week before departure and no later than the first day of expos ure; it must be taken with unfailing regularity and continued for 4 weeks after th e last expos ure. No prophylactic regimen is 100% protective agains t infection, but even if it fails to prevent th e disease it may, nevertheless , render the infection milder and less life threatening. A diseas e starting less than s even d ays after the first expos ure is most p robably not malaria. As t he most important survival factor in perso ns with malignant malaria is early diagnosis and treatment, a traveller who dev elops fever seven da ys or more after the first pos sible expos ure to malaria shou ld seek prompt medical attention. Malaria s hould be considered in all unexplained fevers in trav ellers who have been expose d. There are situations in which no s afe and effective p hophy lactic drug regimen is available, and t he traveller will have t o rely on protection ag ainst mosquito bites , prompt medical attention, and p erhaps self-treatment. Areas with malaria risk The pres ence of malaria risk in a tropical or subtropical country is indicated o n the country sect ions un der Health. The e xisting malaria form: malignant (p.falciparum) or benign (p.vivax), as well as resistance of the falciparum paras ite to chloroquine or su lfadoxine/pyrimethamine are also s tated. The information given is t aken from the W HO International Travel and Health 2005 edition. For those advising travellers, this booklet is available from WHO, Distribution and Sales, CH 1211, Geneva 27. This booklet also covers health hazards other than malaria to which travellers may be expos ed and indicates the areas in which these are most likely to occur and recommends certain precau tions which the wise traveller sho uld take when visiting un familiar places .

Medicines In order to a void difficulties with cus toms or s ecurity au thorities, th ose using medicines (especially if drugs contain or have been derived from opium) are advised to hold a medical attesta tion (preferably in English)

Merchant Seamen Merchant Seamen may be h olders of a d ocument adopt ed by the ILO member states (ILO = International Labour Organization: The Seafarer's National Identity Document iss ued pursuant to ILO Convention 108 (see s eparate ILO section) Seaman Book iss ued p ursuant to ILO Convention 22 (see s eparate ILO section) In this manual, thes e do cuments are referred to as: " Seaman Book" (Dutch: "zeemansboek"; French: "livret profes sionnel de marin"; German: "seefahrtbuch"; Italian: "libretto di navigazione" or validated " foglio provviso rio di navigazione" ; Norwegian: sertifikat for (followed b y rank of officer); Spanish : cartilla de navegacion ). The U.S. Merchant M ariner's Document" issued by t he "United States Coast Guard" is us ually called "Z Card". The Seafarer's National Identity Document/Seaman Book, stat ing identity of ho lder, is accep ted in lieu of a pass port if this is stated under the "Passport" section of the country(ies) concerned. Seamen must travel on duty and a hold Letter of Guarantee from their shipping company. The Letter of Guarantee should s tate the following: full name of s eaman, date/ place/country of birth, and in case of joining s hip: name of ship, sailing date o f ship, st atement t hat s eaman is a crew member of that ship; or - in case of disembarking s hip, statement that seaman is proceeding to airport for e.g. repatriation and ho lds tickets with reserved s eats and all documents required for country of dest ination. Note: If no information exists o n merchan t seamen, the normal (trans it) visa regulations apply. http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Military Some countries accept military identity do cuments as passport-replacing d ocuments, whether iss ued t o military and civilian personnel, other staff or family members. Additionally, specific requirements may be applicable depending on the s ervice, such as, holder must: be trav elling on du ty; wear uniform; hold ad ditional leave/travel/move orders, etc .

Minors Minors are not allowed to t ravel on a pa ss port in which they are registered if they are not acc ompanied by th e holder(s) of that passport. Minors must also comply with the regulations for entrance in, transit through an d depa rture from a country. When their names are registered in, and they t ravel on the pas sport of (one of) their parents o r guardians , the (transit) visas or other endo rsements in that pas sport must indicate tha t they are also valid for the child(ren) travelling on that passport. Children not b eing of same nationality as their parents s hould carry their own pas sport and corresp onding visas .

N back to to p Nationality A pers on's nationality can be es tablished by checking the s pecific information unde r nationality or na tional status in his travel document (e.g. pass port or n ational identity card). In general, permission t o enter a cou ntry without a visa is base d on nationality and n ot on th e count ry which iss ued his or her travel document.

O back to to p Other travel documents There are other travel documents, which may not always have the s ame legal effect as passpo rts and are valid only for limited countries and purpos es. Therefore, it is always neces sary to check carefully whether th e coun try of the pas senger’s des tination an d trans it recognizes such documents, even if su ch documents bear an en dors ement for such countries. Such travel documents may be identification cards, travel certificates, military I/D cards, seaman discharge books and records , affidavits, etc. Birth Certificates: in the case where birth certificate is s tated as an accep ted document for the des tination country, then t he government iss ued (s tate/co unty) birth certificate is meant (not e.g. hosp ital issued). The term Birth Certificate cov ers go vernment iss ued birth certificates, and may also include suc h doc uments as: Birth Registration (Certificate; Certificate of Notice); Notification o f Birth (Certificate; Registration; Certification); Certificate of Live Birth; etc. For some countries, birth certificate must b e endo rsed by a s eal (wet, raised, embos sed etc) in order to be accep ted.


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P back to to p Passport types Besides normal pass ports, there are also: 1. Alien pass ports: iss ued to alien residents of the iss uing country. 2. Children's identity cards : iss ued to minors instead o f a pas sport (e.g. German "Kinderaus weis" ). 3. Diplomatic or consu lar passports; issued to diplomatic, consular and oth er government officials on miss ions entitling the bearer to diplomatic or cons ular status under international law and cu sto m. 4. Official, special or service pass ports: iss ued to government officials or other persons on government missions. Type of passport has to be inserted by issuing authorities. 5. International Red Cross pas sport, Laissez-Pass er iss ued by the United Nations etc. 6. Joint pass ports (family pas sports). Person s travelling together may hold joint pas sports which may be us ed to cover either: hus band and wife with/without ch ildren; or holder of the pass port and ch ild/children unde r a certain age (not neces sarily related); or two or more ch ildren For travel alone such passports may only be us ed by t he perso n named first in the pas sport. Examples: a wife may not use the pas sport for travel without her hus band, or a child without its parents , or a younger child without the elder. Note that s ome coun tries deviate from the above regulations. 7. Temporary/emergency pas sports issu ed in emergency cases by a country's government to its own nationals. These passports have the same legal effect as normal passports, unless otherwise stated in the relevant coun try pages.

Pass port validity If there is no specific mention of v alidity, pass ports are simply required to be valid on en try. However, most countries do h ave a specific requirement an d where this is pub lished, is th e actual practice of th e immigration officials at airports. Please n ote that when cons ulting embass ies on pas sport validity, more often than not th e advice given will usually be validity of 6 months. This is quoted, as this is the minimum requirement for a visa issuing authority when issuing a visa in a passport. Expired pass ports are accepted by s ome countries for certain nationals. If so, this information will also be published.

Passports A pas sport is an official document issue d by a co mpetent public autho rity to nationals or to alien residents (mostly stateless persons ) of the iss uing country. Passengers must hold a pas sport valid for all the countries to o r via which they travel, unless : 1. an exemption to that effect is s tated in the pass port sect ion of the coun try(ies) concerned; 2. they pa ss through a co untry without leaving the airport. A few countries do not allow this, in which cas e it is stated under the pas sport s ection of the country(ies) concerned.

Pets For the purpose o f this s ervice, Pets are considered to be either cats, dogs or pet birds. The regulations published in this s ervice (always un der the cus toms sect ion) only apply to p ets if they are: accompanied by a pas sen ger as personal baggage either in the cab in (if allowed) or in the hold of the aircraft not destined for commercial purposes . Pets arriving as freight on a n air waybill may hav e to comply with ot her conditions. In s uch cas es refer to the competent cargo office. http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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Dogs and c ats in transit and no t leaving the airport are not subject to go vernmental restrictions un less th is has been specifically indicated in the information in the co untry conc erned. Regulation (EC) No. 998/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Counc il General gu idelines for pet s travelling between the European Union member st ates and from third countries (s ee the res pective coun try pag es for any other additional information): Dogs and cats arriving from E.U. countries, Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland and Vatican City mus t: bear a clearly readable tatt oo or microchip, which complies with ISO Standard 11784 or Ann ex A to ISO Standard 11785. If the microchip does not meet these s tandards , the o wner shou ld provide a microchip reader able to detect the microchip; and be accompanied by a pet pas sport, iss ued by a vet erinarian aut horised by th e competen t authority, which clearly identifies the pet and certifies valid anti-rabies vaccination, or revaccination if applicable, with an inactivated v accine of at least one an tigenic unit per dos e (WHO standard) as well as an echinococcus and ticks treatment. Import of unvaccinated pets under 3 months old may be allowed if holding pass port and h aving sta yed in the place of birth without contact with wild animals or b e acco mpanied by their mothers on whom they are s till dependen t. Dogs an d cats imported from other cou ntries have to comply with above requirements . In lieu of the pas sport, the animal must be ac companied by a certificate iss ued by official veterinarian or other veterinary s urgeon, au thorised by co mpetent authority of coun try of dispatch (third coun try) carrying the information on the a nimal's identification and anti-rabies va ccination; and anti-body tes t showing a result of antibodies o f at least 0.5 IU/ml carried out in an approved laboratory and taken at least 30 days after vaccination and 3 months b efore being moved; and echinococcus and ticks treatment. If a pet animal originally comes from an E.U. country and is accompanied by a pet passport carrying the information required for import, the pet passport replaces t he veterinary certificate. Import of unv accinated pet s u nder 3 months o ld may be allowed if the rabies s ituation in the country c oncerned s o warrants. The complete text of this resolution is available at the E.U. website: www.europa.eu.int Further specific information regarding importation and /or qua rantine of cats , dogs or birds or large quant ities of merchandise s hould be ob tained from carrier's cargo offices o r the nearest cons ulate of the coun try concerned.

Prophylactic Health Meas ures 1. General: Travellers s hould always realize that when they are abroad th ey may come in contact with disea ses which are more common than in the country in which t hey reside. The risk varies greatly from country to country, according to t he manner in which the traveller lives and the duration of st ay. Generally s peaking many forms of illness may be prevented by: avoiding infection e.g. by ensu ring that food and drink are as safe as pos sible or by using a mosquito net immunization an d drug p rophylaxis. Travellers sho uld cons ult their phy sicians o r local health s ervice on the advisab ility of vaccination or other preventive measures t o be taken for the individual for a particular plan of travel 2. Yellow fever is the only vaccination sp ecifically required in normal travel and is only neces sary for certain countries 3. Plague: vaccination is not required by any co untry an d is on ly recommended for travellers u nder exceptional circumstances e.g. people who will have frequent and regular contact with wild rodents in areas where the diseas e is known to exist. 4. Hepatitis: viral Hepatitis A is common in mos t warm countries and may be sp read by foo d or drink. This is http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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therefore another go od reas on for exercising great care in ens uring th at food an d drink are as s afe as pos sible. Visitors to tropical areas and developing countries, especially if going beyond normal tourist routes , should cons ider having a safe and highly effective inactivated (killed) vaccine. Two dos es of vaccine should be given. The first one 4 weeks before departure, if poss ible. The sec ond d ose 6-12 months later. Such a schedule is expected to p rovide at least 10 years' protect ion. Hepatitis B is highly endemic in all of Africa, a larger part of South A merica, east ern Europe, the eastern Mediterranean area, Southeas t Asia, China and the Pacific islands except Australia, New Zealand and Japan. Hepatitis B may be transmitted in a number of ways such as blood trans fusion, needle sha ring, and sexual transmiss ion. Hepatitis B vaccines produced from plasma or by recombinant DNA tech nology are available, safe and effect ive. The first two doses are usually given one month apart, with the third dose 1-12 months later. Immunization will provide protection for at leas t 10 years . 5. Other diseas es: there are other diseas es s uch as rabies, diphtheria, tetanus, sch istosomiasis, amoebiasis, typhoid and typh us fever etc. which cons titute a risk only in certain areas or under unu sual conditions e.g. outbreaks of typho id fever following natural disas ters. Travellers s hould discus s with their phys ician local preventive measu res ag ainst such diseas es. Sanitary ch arges Vaccinations p erformed and certificates issued at an airport of arrival may not be subject to a charge. Under the provis ions o f the Interna tional Health Regulations o ther certificates issued on departure may be su bject to a ch arge. Transit pas sengers If a country requires that pas sengers coming via a certain area or country be vaccinated, this means that also th ose pas sengers who do n ot leave the airport and /or con tinue their journey by s ame aircraft in that area or country must be vaccinated. However, many exceptions are list ed on t he country sec tions .

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R back to to p Re-entry permit / exit permit Re-entry permits entitle the ho lder to return t o the co untry of domicile. Thes e permits are g enerally required for returning residents . Exit permits entitle the holder to leave a country

Refugees/stateless persons Persons who are refugee or s tateless for whateve r reaso n may hold non -national travel documents . These are described various ly as travel documents, Certificates of Identity, Laissez-Pass er or even pas sports and may fall under t he following catego ries: Convention docu ments , iss ued b y s ignatories of the 1946 London and 1951 Geneva Conventions relating to the s tatus of refugees and th e 1954 New York Convention on the s tatus of stateless pers ons Documents issued by other countries. However, thes e docu ments may not always have the s ame legal effect as pas spo rts, and a re valid only for limited countries an d purpos es. Therefore it is always neces sary to check carefully whether su ch docu ments are recognized by th e coun try of the passenger's des tination an d trans it, even if su ch documents bear an endo rsement for su ch countries.

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back to to p Schengen A greement The Sch engen s tates are: Aus tria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland , Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands , Norway, Portugal, Spain and Sweden . The Scheng en Agreement came into force on 26th M arch 1995. It is an agreement b etween s everal member states of the European Union (EU) concerning the removal of immigration con trol for travel within their collective t erritories. This creates a "bo rderless " region known as the "Schengen area" and cons equently changes the procedures for entering or conn ecting in all of the Schengen states, as well as for travelling between t hem. Becaus e entry into one Schengen s tate gives free access to all the oth ers, the immigration procedures hav e been standardised. On 21st December nine new countries will join the Schengen area. These countries are: Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia. From that time border control by land and sea between the se new and existing co untries within the Schengen area will ceas e to exist. However, immigration control will remain in place for intra-Schengen flights o perating to and from the new member states until 29th M arch 2008. TWOV (Transit without Visa): The us ual TWOV regulations apply for a direct transit at a Schenge n airport when arriving and departing from/to non-Schengen countries. However, TWOV is not pos sible if one of the next des tinations or transit points is a Schengen country for which the pass enger needs a visa. This is because the pas senger is entering Schengen territory (borderless ). This means thos e nationals of st ates who require a visa for all Schengen s tates and na tionals of states who require a visa for one or more Schengen s tates , need a trans it visa at all times. Checking travel documents: In principle, carriers are only resp ons ible for ensuring that pas sengers hav e the nec ess ary documents (including a visa where necess ary) for the cou ntry to which they are des tined on th e flight which they are boarding. However, with respec t to tho se pass engers who need a visa for one or more of the Schengen s tates , but not for all, if they are ticketed to another Schengen s tate for which they do need a visa, there is a risk that th ey may be de clared inadmissible at the point of entry, even if they do no t need a v isa for that particular state. Issue of Schengen visas : Because one Schengen state can now issue visas on behalf of the others, the procedure for issuance has become more complicated. For example, visas can no longer be issu ed by Honorary Cons uls . Conseque ntly ques tions o f how to obtain a visa should be addressed to the competent authorities in each country. Types of visa: There are 4 types of Schengen visas : Type A : airport transit visa; required for tho se nationals who ca nnot use the TWOV-facility at all, being in direct transit in a Schenge n country when arriving and departing from/to NON-Schengen countries. In general, leaving the airport is not allowed. Type B: transit visa; required for pas sengers making a transit in the Schengen territory which is exceeding the allowed trans it-time and for pass engers who are transiting in more than 1 Schengen country. Type C: sh ort pe riod v isa (max. 3 months); the common " SCHENGEN VISA" which is issued by any o ne of the 15 States and is v alid for all the others. Type D: long period na tional visa; a visa for a longer period or for other spe cial cases which may be issu ed by an individual Schen gen State on a n ational bas is (thes e are indicated as only valid for the country of issue). When applying for either a Type B or Type C visa with the intens ion of visiting/trans iting: only one Scheng en state: applications s hould be made at the Consu late or Embassy of that particular country; several Schengen s tates : applications sho uld be made at t he Consulate or Embassy of the coun try which is the main des tination; several Schengen s tates but do not hav e a main destination: applications s hould be made at the Cons ulate or Embassy of the coun try which is the first point of entry into the Schen gen area. Failure to comply with these may result in an investigation by immigration officers and possible refusal of entry. http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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T back to to p Transit Without Visa (TWOV) TWOV stands for: Transit With Out Visa. Passen gers co mplying with thes e cond itions do no t require a (transit) visa for the country concerned . TWOV facilities are not intended for those holding ISA (if seat available) tickets e.g. airline staff or others pas sengers travelling on indus try discount.

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V back to to p Visa A visa is an en try in a pas sport or other travel document made by a (cons ular) official of a gov ernment to indicate that the bearer has been granted authority to enter or re-enter the country concerned.

Visa check A visa, trans it visa o r a visa exemption for a country does not gu arantee admiss ion to that country. The final decision rests with the co mpetent au thorities at t he port of entry in the country concerned . It is neces sary to ch eck carefully the (transit) visas required by the authorities of: 1. 2. 3. 4.

country of destination country of departure (if returning to this country) country of residence transit stat ions (transit visas) if only a landing will be made en route th e trans it visas should be checked as well; pas sengers travelling in transit through a country must be able to prove th at they will continue th eir journey within the pres cribed period. Unless otherwise s tated they can do this by s howing: a ticket for the remaining s tretches of the journey a ticket for the homeward journey a s um of money in the required currency, su fficient to bu y a ticket for the remaining s tretches of the journey or for the homeward journey. In addition, thes e pas sengers must be in possession of the documents required for entry into the coun try of destination and trans it through the cou ntries en route. Note: Some countries have s trict trans it regulations . Certain categories o f passengers, even those proceeding by same flight and not leaving the aircraft, are: refused trans it or required to hold a (transit) visa; or required to hold a yellow fever vaccination certificate. These facts are pub lished in the information of the coun tries concerned.

Visa validity The periods d uring which (transit) visas permit a pas senger to s tay in a co untry and the time within which the (transit) visa has to b e used and how many times the passenger may enter the cou ntry on it, can be found in the (transit) visa s ection. http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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W back to to p Weights and Meas ures conversions 1 lb = 454 grams (0.454 kilograms) 1 ounce = 28 grams 1 pint = 0.570 litre 1 imperial quart = 40 oz = 1.14 litre 1 imperial gallon (4 imp.quarts ) = 4.56 litre 1 reputed quart - 25 oz = 0.75 litre 1 US quart = 32 oz = 0.94 litre 1 US gallon (4 US quarts) = 3.76 litre

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Y back to to p Yellow Fever Roles an d Respo nsibilities of Health Authorities: Surveillance: none. Quarantine (periods reckoned from day of departure): 6 days (or until certificate becomes valid whichever occurs first) if arriving from an infected area. For Bangladesh and Pakistan: also if arriving from the whole endemic zones in Africa and South America. Quarantine expens es are to be charged t o the p ass enger and shall not be borne by t he airline conce rned. Period of validity: In cas e of p rimary vaccination: 10 years beginning 10 days after vaccination. In cas e of revaccination within the 10year period: 10 years b eginning on dat e of revaccination. The old certificate has to be shown during the first 10 days after revaccination. All yellow fever vaccination certificates irrespective of the date o f iss ue must be cons idered valid for ten yea rs. Protection: Vaccination which is effective for at least ten years is recommended for travel to infected areas in A frica and South America. Some countries in Asia are very strict in their requirements for yellow fever vaccination of travellers from Africa and South America. Infected areas: See General Health Sect ion Yellow fever en demic areas : "Yellow fever endemic areas" are areas in which aedes aegypti (mosquito) or any other domiciliary vector of yellow fever is present b ut is no t obviously respons ible for the maintenance of the v irus which pers ists among jungle animals over long periods of time. Institutes manufacturing yellow fever vaccines: Vaccines manufactured at th e following laboratory institutes have b een app roved by the W HO for vaccination http://www.iatatravelcentre.com/passport-visa-health-glossary.htm

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against yellow fever prior to the iss ue of an international certificate of vaccination or revaccination against yellow fever. In the certificates the manufacturer (as manufacturer the name must be mentioned o f one o f the inst itutes manufacturing yellow fever vaccines which are stated below) and ba tch nu mber of the v accine must be s tated, whilst thes e certificates must be stamped by th e doctor who gives the v accination. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Oswaldo Cruz Ins titute France, Marcy-l'Etoile, Pasteur-Merieux Senegal, Dakar, Pasteur Institute of Dakar

Yellow Fever infected areas Yellow Fever infected areas exist in: ANGOLA (A O) BENIN (REPUBLIC) (BJ) BOLIVIA (BO) BRAZIL (BR) BURKINA FASO (BF) CAMEROON (CM) COLOMBIA (CO) CONGO (KINSHASA) (CD) COTE D'IVOIRE (CI) ECUADOR (EC) FRENCH GUIANA (GF) GABON (GA) GAMBIA (GM) GHANA (GH) GUINEA (REPUBLIC OF) (GN) LIBERIA (LR) NIGERIA (NG) PERU (PE) SIERRA LEONE (SL) SUDAN (SD) VENEZUELA (VE)

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IATA - Passport, Visa and Health Information Glossary

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