1. Summary of the study This report on the human human resource resource management in 21st century century:: issues and challenges and its solutions to attain competitiveness. Technology Technology has changed everything with great extent, the methods of production, the process of recruitment, the training techniques, and new equipment etc. Now it’s up to ! personnel’s to wor" with these changes to #est manage the wor"force. $n this report $ have discussed those foremost issues and challenges, o#%ectives, literature literature review, review, methods and some &ndings or recommendation recommendation which are confronting today’s 'rgani(ation. To overcome these issues and challenges the ! mangers will have to #uild a standard structure that allows managing all di)erent wor"force alternatives. alternatives. This way the organi(ation maintains their competitive advantages.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
2. Introduction The present*day #usiness #usiness cannot successful if they doesn’t use or maintain maintain the latest technological techniques and methods #y their human force in the #usiness. This is the duty of the human force manager to train the wor" force properly and to o#serve the #asic need for the human force to achieve the competitive advantages of #usiness. No dou#ts human is an important part of any organi(ation #ut due to rapid changes in the #usiness world, glo#ali(ation, change in customer taste and ha#its, new techniques of production, human in the organi(ation now facing di)erent "ind of pro#lems, to ad%ust this situation. That’s why ! manager also facing a variety of issues and challenges how they can #est accomplish and solve all these issues and challenges with impressive ways. 'ne international or multinational organi(ation cannot perform well when their ! manager "nows the variety of methods and doesn’t have that a#ility to select the #est method. +ll the organi(ations should formulate their human resources resources people "eeping in view the competitive advantage of glo#al mar"et*place mar"et*place and environment. environment. ! manager will have have to #uild or developed such a frame frame wor" that allows exi#ility to develop such a wor"force that will #e the wor" force for tomorrow. -+ndries du plessis, 2/0.The main aim of this report is to address the ! issues and challenges.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
3. Objective of the study
The report is aimed aimed at studying and understanding the ! issues and challenges of 21st century.
To To "now what should ! manager do for facing the ! issues and challenges.
To To "now how to develop wor"force wor"force according to competitive competitive mar"etplace.
To To "now a#out technological changes in !. !.
To To learn a#out glo#ali(ation glo#ali(ation impact on !.
To To gather "nowledge a#out how *commerce *commerce #ecomes #ecomes o#structive for !.
To To learn a#out how diversi&cation diversi&cation of wor"force wor"force pressuri(e ! ! activities.
To To identify the pro#lem pro#lem of ! challenges and ma"e ma"e possi#le solution of these pro#lems.
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
4. Literature Review The world federation of personnel personnel management association -345+, -345+, 260. 7urvey pointed out the most important top ten ! challenges are leadership development, organi(ational e)ectiveness, change management, compensation. ealth ealth and safety, sta) retention. retention. 8earning and development, succession planning. 7ta9ng: recruitment and s"ill s" ill la#or. la#or. 7ome of the researchers also point out that the most of the challenges which facing #y the ! in 217T century are also, retention of the employees, multicultural wor" force, women wor" force, retrenchment retrenchment of the employees, change in the demand of the government, technology , glo#ali(ation, and initiating the process of change 8i( e#er e#er -260 has pointed out that the most important challenges of the ! in #usiness are layo)s. The most of the owners and managers facing this hard issue. This laid o) may #e due to several reasons which include the economic uncertainty, the employee’s %o# insta#ility and ! less )ectiveness. $n the view point of ecen(o and !o#ins -210 and ;ary essler -20 the most important challenges of !5 are technology, commerce, wor" force
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
diversity, and glo#ali(ation, ethical consideration of the organi(ation which may directly or indirectly a)ect the organi(ation competitive advantages, especially with technological advancement the e)ect on recruitment, recruitment, training and development and %o# performance with great extent can #e study in organi(ation. Now sum up from the following f ollowing points as the foremost challenge faced #y !5 are:
4.1 Gobai!ation ;lo#ali(ation means the present ow of goods, services, capital, ideas, information and people. $t means the movement of these things without using any human resource. $n this modern #usiness world, mar"ets have #ecome #attlegrounds where #oth the domestic and foreign competitors try to capture as maximum mar"et shares as possi#le. 7uch glo#ali(ation is a challenge for !5. owever without human resource they have no value, #ecause a wor"force is "nowledgea#le and s"illed, who facilitates a company in going competitive competitive advantage over over other other and ena#le a company to compete the foreign mar"et and to ma"e investment in not only in domestic mar"et #ut also in foreign mar"ets. mar"ets. Therefore all the ! 5anagers ma"e several strategies to develop and retain such human resource, resource, #ecause uman !esource is the resource resource which ma"es an organi(ation successful in the &eld of glo#ali(ation.
4.2 "echnoo#y echnoo #y +nother !5 challenge is the technology. Technology means the ways and methods of living and wor". These methods and ways have #een changed #y the modern technology. technology. The information technology has changed everything. $t touches such information and ideas which are essential for the economy. economy. conomy has large amount of capital that resides in people. There are some International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
other assets which are physically owned #y the people #ut uman !esource !esource as an essential asset has no true ownership. The only way to develop and retain such human resources is create such an environment environment which compete them to stay in the organi(ation and it is a main challenge for !5.
4.3 $ commerce lectronic lectronic commerce means to perform the trading activities through internet. $nternet $nternet is the foundation for a new #usiness order order.. $t has changed customer’s expectations a#out convenience, speed, price and services. The people who ma"e on*line #usiness possi#le are the "nowledgea#le wor"ers. Now such on*line #usiness has #ecome a challenge for !5 and the ! 5anagers ma"es several strategies to ta"e procedure over control on*line #usiness. 7uch ! 5anagers try hire < develop human resources resources who have the a#ility to attract, motivate, retain, and to serve as maximum customers as possi#le.
4.4 %or&force 'iversity +nother !5 challenge is the wor"force diversi&cation. 7uch wor"force diversi&cation means to e)ectively manage the wor"force that come from di)erent #ac"grounds with respect to regions, cultures, race and gender. $n this modern #usiness world, every #usiness organi(ation conducts the #usiness activities in di)erent countries. Now such multinational organi(ations adopt several strategies to compete in the foreign fo reign mar"ets mar"ets through people. $n this regard to manage such diverse human resources e)ectively, #usiness organi(ation organi(ation adopt and ma"e the policies and practices according to the culture and environment. environment.
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There are are various other issues which also also facing #y today #usiness organi(ation and which are surprising and uncertain issues, may include the organi(ation environment, environment, the ethical and ecological ecological challenges, glo#ali(ation, economic and political insta#ilities, employers and employees issues, the technological innovations, in which the modern #usiness operates.
4.( )R *ain Issues and +haen#es The principal principal challenges and functions of the today ! managers managers shown shown as under, the challenges can #e disa#led #y ! managers #y giving much concentration to their functions, if they are performing their functions functions well, so it can #e said that the challenges can overcome with some extent, the ! mangers #uilt such a strategies which are exi#le one, and train the wor"force so they can wor" for the #etterment of the organi(ation. organi(ation.
)R 21st +entury Issues , +haen#es
International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. September 2012, Vol-2, o-!
or"force diversity
=hange management
8eadership development
Techno Technology logy
8earning and development
'rgani(ational e)ectiveness e)ectiveness
;lo#ali(ation
* =ommerce
ealth and safety
!ecruitment and s"ill la#or
(. *ethodoo#y The nature nature of this report report is descriptive. descriptive. 7o instead instead of doing any survey, o#servation o#servation method is used to complete this qualitative research. !esearchers have tried to collect all such information that will reect the actual situation of 21 century’s !5. 5aximum num#ers of data collected from di)erent !5 #oo"s, >usiness 5aga(ine, T? media, Newspaper, Newspaper, !esearch !esearch wor"s, @ournal, @ournal, i)erent i)erent we#sitesAinternet we#sitesAinternet etc.
-. indin#s
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$n the present era most of the organi(ations are competing glo#ally for their #est reputation. reputation. Technology Technology has changed each and everything everything with great great extent. ! managers "eeping in mind the issues of glo#ali(ation. The ! manager lia#le lia#le to ma"e ma"e such a wide wide approaches approaches which help help to ad%ust employees in glo#al organi(ation. 8ocal and 'rgani(ation culture is an important element for !. evelopment of employees according according to competitive mar"et largely depends on ! manager.
/. +oncusion The &rst foremost foremost wor" wor" #y the ! is to developed developed sound organi(ational structure with strong interpersonal s"ill to employees, and also to train employees #y
introducing them the concept of glo#ali(e human resource management to perform #etter in the glo#al organi(ation context. +ll these issues and challenges li"e, wor" force diversity, leadership leadership development, =hange management, organi(ational e)ectiveness, ;lo#ali(ation, e*=ommerce,
succession planning and compensation etc. when ! wor"s enthusiastically #y "eeping all the challenges in mind then it is easy to accomplish competitive advantages. 7o that the value of human resource can #e improved, organi(ation e9ciency can #e enhanced, and the organi(ation will sustain to survive.
0. References
>iswa%eet 4attanaya", -210. uman !esource 5anagement, 4rentice all of $ndia. >yars, 88< !ue, -2B0. uman !esource 5anagement, edition /th. New Cor": Cor": 5c;raw ill. ill. 8i( e#er, -=opyright 260 * =5= * e#er >usiness 7ervices, 88=, li(Dw#sllc.com ecen(o and !o##ins, -210. uman !esource 5anagement, Bth edition, ilsey.
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essler, -220. uman !esource 5anagement, 4earson ducation 8imited.
ong < 7nell. -2E0. mployees’ wor"place e)ectiveness: e)ectivenes s: implication implicatio n for performance management practice and research. @ournal of @ournal 5anagement, vol 26,
p FE*B6. Gan"o. -2E0. =hange and diversity: !5 issues and trends in the +sia paci&c region. +sia 4aci&c @ournal of
uman !esources, vol, H1, p IF*/I. e#site:www.hrmars.com
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