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HORIZONTAL PAN DRYER DESIGN PROBLEM
DESIGN SELECTION
Among the different types of rotary dryer, the horizontal pan dryer was selec
This type is heated by steam condensing in the inner surface of the shell while the mat
inside the shell is being pushed on its walls by the agitator. This is appropriate beca
it is used for relatively free flowing materials. It is also well-suited for low and med temperature operations. It has a high thermal efficiency and relatively low capital labor costs. (Perry’s Chemical Engineering Handbook, 7 th edition, sec. 12-52).
DESIGN DESCRIPTION
A pan dryer consists of a circular vessel vessel with a flat f lat or ellipsoidal ellipsoidal –shaped bot
and an agitator. Heated jackets are provided on the vessel sidewall and base. The
head of the vessel can also be heated. The presence of an agitator provides good mix
and efficient contact between the product and the heated vessel surfaces, including
agitator itself. It also helps discharge the dried solids; as a large nozzle, mounted on
to vote on this title side wall, is opened after a batch of operation, and Sign the up agitator arms push the prod
through the opening whenever they pass by it.
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PARTS AND FUNCTION
Figure 6 Parts of a Horizontal Pan Dryer
Table 6 Parts and Function of a Horizontal Pan Dryer PARTS Feed Inlet Agitator/Impeller Steam Inlet Exit Nozzle
FUNCTION Where the feed to be dried enters the pan dryer Provides good mixing and efficient contact between the product and the heated vessel surfaces Where the steam enters the jacket of the pan dryer vesse Opens after every batch operation where the product is discharged
DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
You're Reading a Preview 1. The amount of sugarcane stalks to be dried is 4000 kg/batch. Unlock full access with a free trial.
2. The initial moisture content of the feed is 10%. With Free Trial stalk is 5%. 3. The final moisture contentDownload of the dried sugarcane
4. The density of sugarcane stalks is 794 kg/m 3. 5. The heat duty of the dryer is 1.10x10 6 Btu. 6. Assume an elevation of 0.5 m from the ground. Sign up to vote on this title
7. The dryer has cylindrical shell with ellipsoidal head and bottom.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
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4. The length to diameter ratio of the vessel is 2 (Perry’s Chemical Enginee Handbook, 7th ed., pages 10-139).
5. The diameter of the ellipsoidal head and bottom is ¼ of the cylinder diameter. 6. The agitator used is a flat-blade turbine.
7. Agitator elevation to tank diameter is 1/3 (Geankoplis, Principles of Trans Processes and Separation Processes, 4 th ed., p. 158, Table 3.4-1).
8. Agitator width to impeller diameter is 1/5 (Geankoplis, Principles of Trans Processes and Separation Processes, 4 th ed., p. 158, Table 3.4-1).
9. Agitator length to impeller diameter is ¼ (Geankoplis, Principles of Trans Processes and Separation Processes, 4 th ed., p. 158, Table 3.4-1).
10. Use a corrosion allowance of 1/16 inch (Hesse and Rushton, Process Equipm Design, p. 73).
11. The material of construction is carbon steel (Peters and Timmerhaus, Plant De and Economics, page 448,You're TableReading 10-4). a Preview 3 trial. Unlock full access with a free 12. The density of carbon steel is 7861.09 kg/m .
Download With Free Trial
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
1. Dryer Capacity
a. Agitator Diameter
2. Geometric Configuration
b. Agitator Height
a. Dryer Dimension i. Dryer Diameter ii. Dryer Height
Agitator Sign upc. to vote on this Elevation title
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e. Agitator Length
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DESIGN CALCULATIONS
1. Dryer Capacity
Compute for the dryer capacity using the equation:
Using a 20% safety factor,
= =5.0378 = 7944000/
V = 5.0378 m 3 x 1.20 = 6.0454 m 3 Use: V = 6.10 m 3
2. Geometric Configuration You're Reading a Preview
a. Dryer Dimension
Unlock full access with a free trial.
i. Dryer Diameter
Download Free Trial of the vessel, its top and bo The total volume of the dryer is equalWith to the volume
head: V=Vcylinder + Vhead + Vbottom
= 4 + 43
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Since L/D = 2 and D head&bottom = ¼D,
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4 2+
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ii. Dryer Height
Since the orientation of the cylindrical tank is horizontal, the height of the drye equal to the diameter of the tank added by the 0.5 m metal support. H = Dc + 0.5 m H = 1.5 m + 0.5 m = 2.0 m Use: H = 2.0 m
iii. Dryer Length
Using the L/D = 2, L = 2Dc L = 2(1.5 m) = 3.0 m Use: L = 3.0 m You'reArea Reading a Preview b. Dryer Cross-sectional
= 4 1. 5 = 4 =1.7671 Unlock full access with a free trial.
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Use: A = 1.80 m 2
3. Agitator Design
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a. Agitator Diameter
From Table 3.4-1 Geometric Proportions for Standard Agitation System (Princi
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Use: Da = 0.6 m
b. Agitator Height
From Table 3.4-1 Geometric Proportions for Standard Agitation System (Princi
of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Geankoplis, 4 th ed., p. 1
=1
where, H = Height of Agitator, m DT = Tank Diameter, m
Calculating for the height of the agitator: H = DT H = 1.5 m Use: H = 1.5 m You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.
c. Agitator Elevation Download With Free Trial From Table 3.4-1 Geometric Proportions for Standard Agitation System (Princi
of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Geankoplis, 4 th ed., p. 1
=1 3
where,
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C = Elevation of Agitator, m D = Tank Diameter, m
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=1 5
where, W = Width of Agitator, m Da = Agitator Diameter, m
Calculating for the elevation of the agitator: W = 1/5 (0.6 m) = 0.12 m Use: W = 0.12 m
e. Agitator Length
From Table 3.4-1 Geometric Proportions for Standard Agitation System (Princi
of Transport Processes and Separation Processes by Geankoplis, 4th ed., p. 1
=1 4
You're Reading a Preview
where,
Unlock full access with a free trial.
L = Length of Agitator, m Download Da = Agitator Diameter, m With Free Trial Calculating for the elevation of the agitator: L = 1/4 (0.6 m) = 0.15 m Use: L = 0.15 m
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4. Shell Thickness
Shell thickness formula (Process Equipment Design, Hesse and Rushton, Eq
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e – joint efficiency C – corrosion allowance Allowable Working Stress formula (Rules of Thumbs for Chemical Engineers, 4 S = ¼Su Where Su – workable pressure (11000 psi) for carbon steel (Process Equipment Design, Hesse and Rushton) S = ¼ (11000 psi) = 2750 psi
2. 2 05 0. 3 048 =794 × 1 ×( 1 ) =49.5763 Internal Pressure: H=D
1 49. 5 763 ×32. 1 74 ×(1. 5 × ) 0. 3 048 = + = +25=26.6943 ∙ 144 32.174 ∙ × 1 = 26.6943 26.6943 × 1500 +( 1 × 25.4 ) = 12.0605 = 2×2750 ×0.70 −26.6943 16 1 12.0605 You're Reading a Preview
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ts =
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= ∆
Arranging the equation and substituting the surface area of the cylinder,
= ∆
where x = thickness of the insulation used.
3, 2 8 1. 5 ×3 ×( ) ×0.44 ×16 1 −ℎ−℉ 1ℎ 1,100,000 ℎ × 1.25 ℎ = x = 0.0127 ft = 3.8709 mm Use: x = 4 mm
6. Power Requirement
You're Reading a Preview From Eq. 3.4-2 of Principles of Transport Processes and Separation Proces
Geankoplis, p. 158:
Unlock full access with a free trial.
=
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where,
Np = power number, dimensionless P = power, J/s Da = impeller diameter, m ρ = Fluid density N = rotational speed, rev/s
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DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS HORIZONTAL PAN DRYER OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS Batch Method of Operation 1 Number of Units 75 minutes Residence Time Sugarcane Stalks Material Handled 10% Feed Initial Moisture Content 5% Final Moisture Content EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS Design Parameter Proposed Existing DRYER 6.10 m3 4 – 150 m 3 Capacity 1.80 m2 2 -10 m2 Cross-Sectional Area 1.5 m 0.9 - 4.5 m Diameter 2m 0.5 – 3 m Height 3m 2 – 24.5 m Length 12.10 mm Shell Thickness You're Reading a Preview 4 mm Thickness of Insulation 0.50 hptrial. Up to 3 hp Power Requirement Unlock full access with a free AGITATOR 0.5 – 1 m Diameter Download With 0.6 FreemTrial 1.5 m 1 – 2 m Height 0.15 m Length 0.12 m Width 0.5 m 0.5 – 1 m Elevation MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION Sign up to vote on this title Carbon Steel Dryer Useful Not useful CalciumSilicate Insulation Carbon Steel Agitator SUPPLIER INFORMATION
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DESIGN CONFIGURATION
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