Hong Sir S6 通識全球化+現代中國第一二堂手抄筆記(中英對照)

Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照)

Hong Sir S6 通識 Regular 全球化第一堂手抄筆記中英對照 (經濟全球化 ) 思考題目方法 Ways to analyze questions: 個人﹕生活素質﹐個人權利﹐個人成長﹐國民素質 Personal: Living quality, personal rights, personal growth, Quality of HK people 社會﹕社會和諧﹐經濟就業﹐文化多元化﹐社會流動性 Society: Social harmonies, Job opportunities, culture diversity, social mobility 政府﹕管治效能﹐管治威信﹐權力制衡﹐政策自主性 Government: Governance efficiency, governance prestige, check and balance of power, autonomy in policy-making 國家﹕國家形象﹐國民身份認同﹐國家利益﹐國家影響力 Country: Country image, People's Ethnic Identity, country benefits, influence of the country 國際﹕國際合作﹐國際關係﹐各國權利﹐各國(世界)穩定性 International: international cooperation, international relations, rights of countries ﹐world stability 宏觀角度﹕公共衛生﹐環境污染﹐經濟發展﹐科技發展 Macro: public health, environmental pollution, economic development, technological development 各國促進貿易/投資措施 Measures to promote trade / investment﹕ (1) 免關稅/自由貿易區 (CEPA/歐盟) Exemption from customs duty / free trade zone (CEPA / European Union) (2) 廢除貿易限制 (配額/封閉市場) Abolition of trade restrictions (quota / closed market) (3) 貨幣自由兌換/廢除外匯管制 (中國出入境不可帶超過 2 萬人民幣) Free convertibility of money / abolition of Exchange Control (cannot bring more than￥20,000 when entering or leaving China) (4) 簡單及低稅制 (沒有銷售稅/利息稅/資產增值稅) Low and simple tax system (no sales tax / interest tax / capital gain tax) 社會問題﹕經濟就業(生活水平)﹐社會穩定性﹐社會流動性﹐人口問題(人口老化)﹐環境污染﹐家庭和諧﹐犯罪問題 Social problems: economies and Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014

精華筆記精闢評論精準拆題

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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) employment (living standard), social stability, social mobility, population problem (aging), environmental pollution, family harmony, crimes

Hong Sir 通識 Regular 全球化第二堂手抄筆記中英對照 (經濟全球化 ) 在全球化下﹐為何各國的經濟危機輕易影響別國﹖(例如美國金融海嘯) Under globalization, why does the economic crisis in one country easily affect other countries? (e.g. the financial tsunami in the US) (1)生產國際化﹕中國工業訂單減少 Production internationalization: industrial orders in China reduced (手機代工生產商﹕富士康 Mobile phone OEM(Original Equipment Manufacturer): Foxconn) (2)銷售國際化﹕中國產品出口需求減少 Sales internationalization: demand for China’s export reduced (聯想 Lenovo﹐華為 Hua Wei) (3)投資國際化﹕中國政府/投資者虧損 Investment internationalization: Chinese government/investors made a loss (中國投資公司入股美國黑石集團﹐虧損 173 億港元 China investment company bought shares in Blackstone Group. It suffered a loss of 17.3 billion Hong Kong Dollars) (4)跨國公司﹕在中國的分公司倒閉﹐導致中國失業增加 Multinational corporations: branches in China collapse, leading to more unemployment in China (匯豐 HSBC﹐花旗銀行 Citi Bank) 樓市泡沫﹕樓價高于市民承擔水平。2003-2013 年﹐香港樓價上升 3 倍﹐市民收入只是增 30%。樓市泡沫爆破﹐負財富效應﹐消費減少﹐裁員/失業﹐經濟衰退 (信心危機) Property bubble: Citizens cannot afford the high property prices. In 2003-2013, the property prices in HK have increased by 300%, but HK people’s incomes have increased only by 30%. Property bubble bursts; negative wealth effect; reduce in consumption; layoffs/unemployment; economic recession (crisis of confidence) 為何美國政府補貼農業 Why does the US government subsidize agriculture﹕ Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) 如果美國不補貼農業->高生產成本(人工/土地價格)->美國不生產->依賴外國糧食入口 (例如中國)->受到別國控制。國家安全受到嚴重威脅。美國政府通過向別國輸出補貼農產品﹐控制別國 If the US does not subsidize agriculture  high production costs (labor/land cost)  the US does not produce  rely on the imports of foreign grain (e.g. China)  subject to the control of another country. It poses a serious threat to the national security. The US government export subsidized agricultural products to other countries to control them 富有階層﹕跨國投資﹐李嘉誠和黃集團業務包括﹕港口業務(香港/深圳/歐洲)﹐零售業務(屈臣氏業務遍布 25 個國家及地區)。香港利得稅 16.5% The wealthy class: transnational investment Hutchison Whampoa’s Business Port (Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Europe), Retailing Business (Watsons’ business covers 25 countries and regions). The profit tax of Hong Kong is 16.5% 美國補貼農業導致 200 萬墨西哥玉米農民失業 America’s subsidized agriculture led to unemployment of 2 million Mexican peasants who grow corn 2005 年世界貿易組織部長級會議在香港召開﹐2000 名南韓農民來港示威 The World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 2005 was held in Hong Kong. 2000 South Korean farmers came to Hong Kong to protest 生活素質 Quality of Life﹕ (1)物質擁有量﹕經濟發展/失業/通貨膨脹/教育水平 Quantity of materials owned: economic development/unemployment/inflation/education level (2)生理健康﹕公營及私營醫療服務/疾病/工作時間及工作安全性 Physical Health: Public and private medical services/diseases/working hours and workplace safety (3)精神健康﹕市民對政府/社會/家庭的滿意程度﹐自由及權利 Mental health: Citizens’ level of satisfaction towards the government/society/family, freedom and rights (4)環境衛生﹕污染/居住面積/公共衛生 Environmental Sanitation: Pollution/living area/public health (5)文化生活﹕多元文化/選擇/文化傳承/文化包容 Cultural Life (Pluralistic culture/choice/cultural inheritance/cultural tolerance) Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 全球化第三堂手抄筆記中英對照 (政治全球化 ) 政治全球化例子﹕ (1) 2014 年以色列出兵巴勒斯坦﹐導致 2100 人死亡﹐兩國在埃及調解下停火 In 2014, Israel sent troops to Palestine, causing 2100 deaths. The two countries ceased fire under mediation of Egypt.

(2) 北韓/伊朗﹕專制國家/決策草率/缺乏民主程序。中國促成六方會談 North Korea/Iran: totalitarian country/hasty decision-making/lack of democratic procedures. China facilitated six-party talk

(3) 人民幣昇值->中國貨更貴->美國減少購買->美國生產增加->工業/就業增加 Appreciation of Renminbi China’s goods become more expensive The US reduces purchase Production of the US increases More industries and employment

(4) 西方國家不信任中國司法制度->沒有與中國簽訂引渡條例 Western countries did not trust the judicial system of China. They did not sign the Extradition Treaty with China

(5) 2014 年美國﹐法國﹐中東國家合作打擊恐怖組織﹕伊斯蘭國 In 2014, the US, France and Middle East countries cooperate in attacking the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, a terrorist organization

Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) (6) 2013 年中國霧霾天氣影響南韓﹐日本﹐香港等鄰近國家及地區 (空氣污染) In 2013, the weather of fog and haze in China affected South Korea, Japan, Hong Kong and other neighbouring countries or regions

國際性政府組織可如何解決國際問題 How can international governmental organizations deal with international issues? (1) 為各國提供溝通平臺 (聯合國) Provide a communication platform for countries (United Nations) (2) 扮演解決各國問題的調解人 (聯合特使) Act as a mediator who solves national problems (UN envoy) (3) 為各國制定國際合作的規則 (世界貿易組織) Set up rules of international cooperation (World Trade Organization) (4) 作為各國矛盾的仲裁者 (世界貿易組織) Act as an arbiter to settle contradictions between countries (World Trade Organization) (5) 監督各國執行國際條約/決議 (聯合國) Monitor countries to carry out international treaties / resolutions (United Nations) 國際性政府組織的角色﹕(1)溝通平臺提供者﹔(2)調解者﹔(3)規則制定者﹔ (4)仲裁者﹔(5)監督者 Role of international governmental organizations: (1) communication platform provider; (2) intermediator; (3) rule-maker; (4) arbiter; (5) supervisor



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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 全球化第四堂手抄筆記中英對照 (政治全球化 ) (一) 糧食價格﹕各國用糧食來製造生物燃料以滿足西方國家需求(例如大豆﹐ 玉米)﹔西方國家投資者炒賣導致糧食價格不斷創新高﹐2000 到 1012 年﹐全球糧食價格上升 100% Food prices: Countries use crops to make biofuels to satisfy the needs of the Western countries (e.g. soy. corns). Investors from the Western countries do speculation which continuously increased the food prices. Between 2000 and 2012, the global food prices have increased 100% (二) 能源價格﹕西方國家的能源需求增加﹐加上投資者進行投機炒賣﹐國際能源價格不斷創新高。2000 到 2012 年﹐國際原油價格上升 200% Energy prices: As the energy needs for the Western countries are increasing, with the investors doing opportunistic speculation, the global energy prices keep hitting record high. Between 2000 and 2012, the global crude oil prices have increased 200% 伊斯蘭教沙里亞法﹕一夫多妻制﹐每個男士可娶四個妻子。由於西方國家推崇男女平等及一夫一妻制﹐伊斯蘭教義和西方價值出現嚴重分歧 Islam sharia law: Polygamy, which means every man can marry four wives. As Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) the Western countries praise equity between men and women and monogamy, there is serious contradiction between Islamism and Western values 經濟全球化﹕ 生產國際化﹐投資國際化﹐銷售國際化﹐跨國企業﹐經濟危機國際化(損害經濟穩定性) Economic globalization: internationalization of production, internationalization of investment, internationalization of sales, transnational enterprises, internationalization of economic crises (undermine economic stability) 政治全球化﹕國際性政府組織﹐國際性非政府組織﹐國際會議﹐國家主權﹐國際合作/衝突 Political globalization: international governmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations, international conferences, national sovereignty, international cooperation / conflicts 文化全球化﹕文化多元化/單一化﹐文化霸權﹐文化融合/創新﹐文化產業化﹐ 文化認同感﹐文化擴張 Cultural globalization: cultural diversification / homogenization, cultural hegemony, cultural integration / innovation, cultural industrialization, cultural identity, cultural expansion 各國拒絕國際合作的例子 (國家主權) Examples of countries refusing international cooperation (national sovereignty) (1)2003-07 年舉辦六次六方會談﹐2007 年北韓退出 In 2003-07, the sixparty talks were held for six times. North Korea withdrew in 2007 (2)2003 年美國未經聯合國同意出兵伊拉克 In 2003, the U.S. invaded Iraq without the United Nations’ consent (3)2014 年敘利亞拒絕美國出兵打擊境內恐怖分子(伊斯蘭國) In 2014, Syria rejected the U.S. for sending troops to fight against domestic terrorists (Islamic State) (4)2014 年俄國拒絕聯合國調停克里米亞問題 In 2014, Russia rejected the United Nations for mediating the Crimean crisis (5)聯合國擁有 193 個主權國家 The United Nations has 193 sovereign states.



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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 全球化第五堂手抄筆記中英對照 (文化全球化 ) 美國時代週刊﹕ 發行量每星期 340 萬份﹔宣揚自由民主﹐時裝﹐飲食﹐節日等不同西方文化。每年舉行“年度風雲人物選舉”(最有影響力人士)。2011 年﹐“示威抗議者”獲選﹐鼓勵全世界人民爭取民主及自由 The American Time magazine: circulation 3.4 million every week; promote western cultures like liberal democracy, fashion, food and drink, festivals etc. The “Person of the Year election” (Most influential person) is held annually. In 2011, “The Protestor” is elected, as to encourage people in the world to fight for democracy and freedom 2014 年黃之鋒成為時代週刊(美國)封面人物﹐該雜誌支持香港民主運動 In 2014, Joshua Wong Chi-fung became the cover of Time (an Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) American magazine) which supports the democratic movements in Hong Kong 2012 年中國網民數量﹕6 億。香港網民人數﹕500 萬 Number of Chinese netizens in 2012: Six hundred million. Number of Hong Kong netizens: 5 million 在美國麥當勞﹐客人平均就餐時間為 11 分鐘。在中國麥當勞﹐客人平均就餐時間為 33 分鐘。在法國﹐法國人平均每天用在飲食的時間為﹕2 小時 22 分鐘。因此法國人普遍不滿其悠閑生活模式被美國快餐文化所破壞 The average mealtime per customer at McDonald’s in the US is 11 minutes while that in China is 33 minutes. In France, French spends 2 hours 22 minutes on meal every day on average. Therefore, there is dissatisfaction among French as its easy lifestyle is destroyed by American fast food culture 外來文化傳入是否會損害中國本土文化 Will the spread of foreign culture to China destroy Chinese local culture? 2001 年北京故宮開設星巴克咖啡店﹐2007 年被批評損害中國傳統文化﹐被迫遷出 In 2001, a Starbucks coffeehouse was opened in the Forbidden City in Beijing. In 2007, it was criticized for destroying Chinese traditional culture and was forced to move out

文化在地化/全球在地化﹕(外國文化因應本地情況作出調節) Cultural localization / glocalization: (foreign cultures make adjustments to local circumstances) (1)印度教禁止食牛肉﹐麥當勞在印度不銷售牛肉漢堡 Hindus abstain from beef. McDonald’s does not sell beef burgers in India (2)伊斯蘭教禁食豬肉﹐麥當勞在部份伊斯蘭國家開設素食分店 Islamists abstain from pork. McDonald’s sets up vegetarian shops in some Islamic countries (3)沙地阿拉伯規定女性不能露出手腳﹐宜家傢私抽起目錄中女性照片 Saudi Arabian women are forbidden to expose their hands and feet. Ikea deleted images of women from the version of its catalogues circulating in Saudi Arabia Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 全球化第六堂手抄筆記中英對照 (文化全球化 ) 文化全球化中英對照第 13 頁﹕ 為何不同年齡組群被西方文化影響程度不同 Why does Western culture influence generations at different levels? (1) 科技掌握程度不同﹕數碼鴻溝﹐年輕人接觸更多互聯網﹐電影 Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) Mastery of science and technology is different: The digital divide – young people have more access to the Internet and movies (2) 教育程度不同﹕年輕人較高教育程度﹐容易理解西方文化﹐例如電影﹐ 音樂 Education levels are different: Young people have higher education level and can understand Western culture more easily, e.g. movies and music (3) 思想開放程度不同﹕青少年較少傳統文化包袱﹐民族概念較為薄弱 Openness of mind is different: Young people are less likely influenced by tradition culture and their concept of nationality is relatively weak (4) 潮流喜好程度不同﹕青少年容易受朋輩影響﹐炫耀心態﹐增獨特感 Fashion and trends are different: Young people are susceptible to peer influence, to show off and increase the sense of Selfhood 文化全球化中英對照第 131 頁﹕ 思考題目角度 Points of view when thinking﹕ (1) 有效性﹕能否解決問題 / 持續時間 / 反效果 / 產生其他問題 Effectiveness: Can it solve the problem / time of duration / adverse effects / create other problems (2) 可行性﹕執行難度 / 立法困難 / 政府財政 / 持份者態度 Feasibility: Difficulties of implementing / difficulties of legislating / government finance / attitudes of stakeholders (3) 迫切性﹕問題嚴重程度 / 是否必須 / 代替方法 Urgency: Extent of the problem / is it necessary / alternative methods (4) 合理性﹕是否公平 / 損害自由 / 損害個人及社會利益 Rationality: Is it fair / does it undermine the freedom / does it undermine personal or social interests 例子﹕中國政府應否立法規定青年人必須親自拜祭祖先﹖Should the Chinese government legislate to stipulate that young people must worship ancestors in person? 支持/反對的論點﹕ (1) 有效性﹕加強孝道意識 / 帶來反效果﹐導致青年人(厭惡拜祖先/形式化) Effectiveness: Enhance filial piety consciousness / adverse effects, makes the young people be disgusted with worshiping Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) ancestors (formalization) (2) 可行性﹕立法容易獲得全國人民代表大會通過 / 執法困難及財政壓力 Feasibility: Legislation will be passed easily by the National People’s Congress / difficult to enforce the law and financial pressure (3) 迫切性﹕西方思想損害青年人孝道意識 Urgency: Western ideas undermine young people’s filial piety consciousness (4) 合理性﹕強制拜祭祖先措施損害個人自由 Rationality: Mandatory ancestor worships undermine personal freedom

文化全球化中英對照第 160 頁﹕ 外國企業進入帶來什麼經濟得益﹖(迪士尼/麥當勞) What are the economic benefits brought by foreign enterprises? (Disneyland / McDonald’s) (1)增加政府稅收 (企業利得稅) Increase government revenue (profits tax) (2)提供就業機會 (建築工人/服務及管理人員) Provide employment opportunities (construction workers / service providers and management staff) (3)帶動週邊行業發展 (交通/零售/酒店) Promote the development of related industries (transportation / retail / hotel) (4)促進本地企業成長 (鲶鱼效应: 引入強大競爭者迫使本地企業進步。真功夫模仿麥當勞管理模式) Promote local business growth (Catfish Effect: introducing a powerful competitor to force local companies to make progress; Kungfu imitates the management model of McDonald’s) (5)滴漏效應﹕旅遊業人士收入增加-> 其他消費﹐其他不同行業人士收入增加 Trickle-down effect: Revenue of the tourism industry increases  other expenditure, revenue of other industries increase



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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 現代中國第七堂手抄筆記中英對照 (現代中國第一堂 ) 現代中國答題訓練(一) P20 新聞自由的重要性 Importance of press freedom﹕ (1)制衡政府權力 (分析政策利弊﹐號召人民參與社會運動) To check and balance governmental power (analyze pros and cons of policies, call on the people to participate in social movement) (2)監察政府官員 (防止貪污/濫用權力) To monitor government officials (avoid corruption / abuse of power) (3)監察社會作用 (防止社會出現不合理現象﹕地溝油) To monitor the society (prevent unreasonable social phenomenon: gutter oil) (4)宣泄社會不滿 (避免人民以更激進方法宣泄不滿) To express discontent with the society (avoid people to express their discontent with more radical means) (5)增強公民意識 (引導國民分析及參與國家/社會事務) To enhance consciousness of citizenship (lead citizens to analyze and participate in national / social affairs) (6)社會教育作用 (傳播不同知識/思想) Social education (spread different knowledge / ideas) 現代中國概念(BOOK 1) P6 社會主義﹕公有制度+計劃經濟 Socialism: public ownership + planned economy 有中國特色的社會組織/資本主義﹕私有產制+市場經濟 Socialism with Chinese characteristics / capitalism: private ownership + market economy 現代中國概念(BOOK 1) P34 公安部長周永康 Zhou Yongkang, Minister of Public Security of China 重慶市委書記薄熙來 Bo Xilai, Communist Party Secretary of Chongqing 石油﹕中石油﹐中石化 Petroleum: China National Petroleum Corporation, Sinopec。電訊﹕中移動﹐中聯通﹐中電訊 Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) Telecommunication: China Mobile, China Unicom, China Telecom。寡頭壟斷 Oligopoly 低增值(手機組裝富士康)-> 高增值(手機研發蘋果公司) Low value-added (mobile phone assembly: Foxconn)  high value-added (mobile phone research and development: Apple) 中國政府可征收富豪稅(羅賓漢稅)﹐用以補貼低下階層 (美國原打算向年薪超過 100 萬美元富有人士征收 30%稅(巴菲特稅)﹐2013 年被國會否決) The Chinese government can levy “Robin Hood tax” to subsidize the lower class. (The US intended to levy 30% tax on wealthy people with a yearly salary of over US$1 million (the Buffett Rule), but the Congress voted it down in 2013.)



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Hong Sir 通識 Regular 現代中國第八堂手抄筆記中英對照 (現代中國第二堂 ) 現代中國答題訓練(一) 中英對照 P38-44-51 社會(涉及公共衛生)﹕國民健康﹐社會誠信﹐社會穩定性﹐社會道德 (不涉及政府﹕政府誠信﹐管治效能) Social (related to public health): people’s health, social honesty, social stability, social morals (not related to the government: government integrity, governance efficiency) 負面事件的正面影響﹕(引起社會反思) Positive effects of negative events: (make the society rethink) (1)2010 年上海世界博覽會﹐中國人搶奪門票/破壞設施﹐媒體反思公民意識不足 In the Expo 2010 Shanghai China, Chinese scrambled for the tickets of China pavilion and destroyed the facilities. These made the media sensed the lack of consciousness of citizenship (2)2011 年廣東小悅悅事件﹐國民反思道德下滑 Death of Wang Yue in Foshan, Guangdong in 2011 made the Chinese reflect on the declining social morality (3)2011 溫州列車事故﹐國民反思不應盲目追求經濟﹐忽略工程質量及人命安全 The Wenzhou train collision in 2011 made the Chinese reflect on the blind pursuit of economic development but ignorance of the quality of the project and life safety 負面事件->引起社會關注->社會反思->社會進步 Negative events  aroused social concern  social reflection  social progress 政策的障礙﹕(低可行性) Obstacles to policy: (low feasibility) (1)不同持份者的反對 (2)技術問題 (3)立法問題 (4)資金問題 Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir Notes (Regular 全球化手抄筆記中英對照) 任何令政策不能推行的問題可視為“障礙” (1) Objections from stakeholders (2) Technical problems (3) Legislation (4) Capital Any problems that hinder the feasibility of policies are regarded as “obstacles” 現代中國概念 BOOK (1) 中英對照 P180 中國問題的普遍原因 (污染問題﹐貪污問題﹐黑心食品問題) Common reasons of problems in China: (pollution, corruption, fake/unsafe food)﹕ (1)經濟誘因﹕商人利益最大化﹐低成本﹐高利潤 Economic incentive: Businessmen can maximize their profits, low costs, high profits (2)政府監察不足﹕官員法治意識不足﹐缺乏權力制衡﹐三權不分立﹐反貪部門權力不足 Lack of government monitory: The government officials have weak legal awareness, no balance of power, no “separation of the three powers”, insufficient power of anti-corruption department (3)社會監察不足﹕中國缺乏新聞自由﹐媒體監察不足 Lack of social monitory: Freedom of press is lacking in China and there is insufficient media monitory (4)社會道德下滑﹕盲目追求經濟發展﹐功利主義﹐思想/品德教育不足 Declining social morals: Pursue blindly of economic development, utilitarianism, inadequate ideological / moral education (5)宗教因素﹕共產黨主張無神論﹐共產黨員及國民普遍無宗教信仰﹐缺乏宗教教條約束行為。伊斯蘭教徒禁止食用豬肉﹐禁止飲酒及賭博。印度教徒禁止食用牛肉 Religious factors: The Communist Party advocates atheism. Most Communists and Chinese people do not have religious belief and are not abide by religious dogmas. Moslems are prohibited from eating pork, drinking and gambling. Hindus are prohibited from eating beef (6)政府部門權責不清﹕污染涉及眾多不同部門﹐例如農業部﹐工商部﹐環保部等)﹐不同部門之間缺乏有效協調﹐互相推卸責任 Responsibilities of government departments are unclear: Pollution problems are related to different departments, e.g. Ministry of Agriculture, State Administration for Industry & Commerce, and Ministry of Environmental Protection. They do not coordinate well and shirk responsibility Hong Sir DSE 通識 2013-2014


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Hong Sir S6 通識全球化+現代中國 第一二堂手抄筆記(中英對照)

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