HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE Moses – one one of the the firs firstt reco recorde rded d form formal aliz ized ed inte intell llig igenc ence e effo effort rts s !ith !ith form format at can "e fo#nd o#nd in the Hol$ ol$ %i"l %i"le e &N#m &N#m"e "ers rs '()'* ()'*+, +, The Scri-t#res also named the '. intelligence agents !hom the Lord directed /oses to send into the land of Canaan and records that all those those men !ere from the tri"es tri"es of Israel, Israel, 0nd 0nd /oses sent sent them to s-$ o#t the land of Canaan and said #nto them &N#m '()'*1.2+) Rahab1 Rahab1 the harlot of 3ericho &3osh#a .)'1.'+ !ho sheltered and concealed the agents of Israel she made a co4enant !ith the agents and d#-ed thei theirr -#rs# -#rs#ers ers,,
She She !as !as not not onl$ onl$ an im-rom im-rom-t -t# # conf confede ederat rate e of
immense 4al#e for the 3e!ish leader of that far distant da$ it also esta"lished a -lot1-attern !hich is still of -eriodic relief to motion -ict#re -rod#cers, Delilah 1 Delilah 1 She !as an im-rom-t# intellig intelligence ence agent of the 5hilist 5hilistines, ines, She allo!ed 5hilistine s-ies to hide in her ho#se &3#dges '6)7+ and #sed her femininit$ to gain intelligence from a -o!erf#l enem$, Sun Tzu – Tzu – The East !as ahead of the 8est in the raft of intelligence in 922 %,C, %,C, re:ecting re:ecting the oracles and and the sees, He ta;es a more more -ractical -ractical 4ie! 4ie!,
0ccordi ccording ng to him him !hat is called called fore;no fore;no!l !ledge edge cannot cannot "e
elicited from s-irits or from gods or from analog$ !ith -ast e4ents nor from from calc# calc#lat lation ions, s, He !rote !rote
Other Great Men who Used Intelligence in History: 1. Alexand lexander er The The Great Great – – 8hile marching in 0sia he in4estigated all the letters and the detection of the malcontents !hether the legitimate ca#s ca#se e !ere !ere e>-os e>-osed, ed, &Hint &Hints s and and r#mo r#mors rs of disa disaff ffec ecti tion on gro!i gro!ing ng
among his allies and mercenaries+, He so#ght the tr#th and got it "$ sim-lest e>-edient, He de4ised the first
He de4elo-ed an effecti4e intelligence
s$stem for '@ $ears in Rome,
He roamed aro#nd the cit$ often
disg#ising as "eggar to gather first hand information,
Hanni"alAs
in4asion of Ital$ his "rilliant and f#tile raid in histor$ gained him man$ 4ictories and nearl$ "led Rome to death, 0. Gaius ulius *aesar – B#ring his time his staff of each legion incl#des ten
The
a--ear definitel$ in a militar$ organization, 2. &arl S)hulmeister 1 Na-oleonAs militar$ secret ser4ice and Na-oleonAs e$es, He "egan his career in offensi4e es-ionage, nder a co4er role he !as a"le to infiltrate the 0#strian General Staff and st#died the characters of the Generals, His ro$al foes selected to defeat him, 3. 4ashin%ton! Geor%e 1 Cons-irators #nder oath a"o#nd in the histor$ of e4er$ nation,
He as grand master mo"ilized the free
masons of the colonies at the o#t"rea; of the 0merican !ar of inde-endence, 15. (ran)is 4alshin%ham 6f 7n%land – nder D#een Eliza"eth he organized the first National Intelligence Ser4ice, He em-lo$ed s-ies on the staff of the 0dmiral in Command of the S-anish 0rm$ and a"le to o"tain information regarding S-anish 0rm$ as to their shi-s e?#i-ment forces and stores, He -rotected D#een Eliza"eth I from co#ntless assassins, 11. Ri)helieu &France+ – He introd#ced the net!or; of co4ert collectors !ho transmitted -rom-t and acc#rate information to 5aris regarding the acti4ities of the re"els and dissidents of the ;ingdom, 1. 8ouis 9I: – He s$stematized -olitical -olic$ s#r4eillance -ostal censorshi- and militar$ organization,
contin#o#s
1#. ;a+oleon #al, Chief of the 0#stro1H#ngarian secret ser4ice and at the same time agent of the R#ssia &con4icted of treason in '7'( 1 he committed s#icide+,
His treason led to the death of
@22222 agents and soldiers com"ine in his '( $ears es-ionage e-isode, 1.
12. Gen. 4illiam Dono>an – In 3#ne '79. 5res, Roose4elt esta"lished the Office of Strategic Ser4ices &OSS+ !ith Bono4an as in1charge, The OSS !as "#ilder of a central intelligence s$stem and considered as forer#nner of the CI0,
The e>-loits of the OSS
"ecame legendar$ in 88II, 13. 7dward I! &in% of 7n%land = In '*.@ he organized a s$stematic -olice s$stem called <8itch and 8ard= and "$ Ro$al -roclamation the -rofession -ose criminal acti4ities and "e com-ensated, 5. ose+h -etrosino = He !as a mem"er of the Ne! Yor; 5olice Be-artment in earl$ '722 and !as the head of the Italian S?#ad, Thro#gh e>tensi4e intelligence net!or; he is credited to smash the %lac; Societ$, Intelli%en)e and The 4orld 4ar A. 46R8D 4AR I 1. 1355 ? E#ro-e -o!ers de4elo-ed modern staff s$stems and -lace intelligence on the same le4el !ith -ersonnel o-erations and logistics,
Intelligence then f#nctioned in time of -eace and !ar,
Intelligence during this period, concentrated on information about the armed forces of the enemy and their capabilities. . Air)raft !as introd#ced as a tool of cond#cting
aerial
reconnaissance, #. 4ireless Tele%ra+h !as #sed !herein *odes And *i+hers !ere a--lied, $. Army Intelli%en)e ra-idl$ e>-anded d#ring this -eriod, '. @A%ent -ro>o)ateur 1 !as em-lo$ed "$ the R#ssians for the -#r-ose of internal sec#rit$ and -olitical re-ression,
S-$ing !as
al!a$s the s-ecialt$ of the R#ssians, . German Intelli%en)e 1 gained a high re-#tation for offensi4e effecti4eness thro#gho#t E#ro-e "#t declined at the o#tset of the !ar,
0. ert agents, 2. BS e>-anded their ;a>al Intelli%en)e !herein Domesti) *ounterintelli%en)e "ecame a -rinci-al acti4it$, <. BS T/R77 C# e e
!hich !ere
collected
altho#gh
3a-anese
Intelligence !as in4ol4ed in short !ar and defensi4e in nat#re, #.
D. -6ST?4AR -7RI6DE The Su+er+owers 1. S6:I7T I;T788IG7;*7 a. So>iet Intelli%en)e System = Bescri"ed as omni-otent and omni-resent for its 4ast intricate organization in4ol4ing millions of -eo-le, b. So>iet *ounterintelli%en)e =
%ezo-asnosti
or
omitet
omissi:a
Gos#darts4enno$
%ezo-asnosti, .
). S+e)ial
=
(orei%n
Intelli%en)e
and
*ounterintelli%en)e
Ser>i)e – This is #nder the 5rime /inister, b. Gen. *harles De Gaulle = He set #- the %#rea# Central Renseignements et dA 0ction &%CR0 Central Office for Intelligence and 0ction+ in London in '792, It is an e>-ansion of the Ser4ice Be Reassignments &SR – Intelligence Ser4ice+ !hich is a -art of the old Renzieme %#rea# &Second %#rea#+ of the French General Staff, ). SD7*7 – concerned on Strategic and Co#nterintelligence, d. Surete ;ationale – -art of French Intelligence Ser4ice $. G7RMA; I;T788IG7;*7 Red Gesta+o = The sec#rit$ ser4ice organized "$ East German$ to com"at the co4ert acti4ities of the 8est German$ Gro#- !hen it !as still di4ided "$ the %erlin 8alls, 7. GR7AT <7TRAA8S 1. udith *o+lon – 0 -olitical anal$st of the Be-artment of 3#stice !ho !as
acc#sed
of
ta;ing
#nla!f#l
-ossession
of
go4ernment
doc#ments and s-$ing for a foreign -o!er &R#ssia+, She !as a !ell1 ;no!n comm#nist acti4ist, . Dr. 7mil ulius &laus (u)hs – He !as acc#sed of releasing 0merican 0tomic Secrets to the So4iet in '79@ and %ritish in '79*, He detailed ;no!ledge of the constr#ction of 0tomic %om"s, #. 7rnst /ildin% Anderson – In '7@' a Ro$al Na4$ -ro4ided militar$ secrets to a foreign -o!er and !as fo#nd g#ilt$ and sentenced to life im-risonment, II. ;ATBR7 6( I;T788IG7;*7 (B;*TI6;S
A. D7(I;ITI6; C8 = intelligentia ++r. of intelligereE understand 1. General Definition C4ebster a. It is the ca-acit$ for #nderstanding and for other forms of ada-ti4e intellect of "eha4ior the mind in o-eration, b. Or it refers to ;no!ledge of an e4ent circ#mstances etc, recei4ed
or
im-arted)
the
gathering
or
distri"#tion
of
information or the staff of -ersons engaged in o"taining s#ch information, . Mi)rosoft 7n)arta Di)tionary a. ability to think and learnE the a"ilit$ to learn facts and s;ills and a--l$ them es-eciall$ !hen this a"ilit$ is highl$ de4elo-ed b. se)ret informationE information a"o#t secret -lans or acti4ities es-eciall$ those of foreign go4ernments the armed forces "#siness enemies or criminals ). %atherin% of se)ret informationE the collection of secret militar$ or -olitical information d. +eo+le %atherin% se)ret informationE an organization that gathers information a"o#t the secret -lans or acti4ities of an ad4ersar$ or -otential ad4ersar$ and the -eo-le in4ol4ed in gathering s#ch information #. Go>ernment Sur>ey Reor%anization *ommission Task (or)e = Intelligence means the collection -rocessing collation inter-retation e4al#ation and dissemination of information !ith reference to national sec#rit$, $. Di)tionary of Military Terminolo%ies – Intelligence is the end -rod#ct res#lting from the collection e4al#ation anal$sis integration of all a4aila"le information !hich ma$ ha4e immediate or -otential significance to the de4elo-ment and e>ec#tion of -lans -olicies and -rograms,
Or Intelli%en)e ma$ "e defined as the -rod#ct res#lting from the collecting of information concerning an act#al and -otential sit#ation and condition relating to foreign acti4ities and to foreign or enem$ held areas, <. 6<7*TI:7 6( I;T788IG7;*7E To ens#re rational and timel$ decision1ma;ing, *. G7;7RA8 (B;*TI6;S 6( I;T788IG7;*7 ', The collection or -roc#rement of information, ., The e4al#ation of the information !hich then "ecome intelligence, (, The dissemination of intelligence to those !ho need it, D. 6T/7R (B;*TI6;S 6( I;T788IG7;*7 ', To ser4e all "ranches of go4ernment ., To -roc#re and o"tain -olitical economical -s$chological sociological militar$ and other information !hich ma$ "ear #-on national interest and !hich had "een collected "$ the different go4ernmental de-artment and agencies, (, To collect !hen necessar$ s#--lemental information !hether at its o!n instance or at the re?#est of an$ go4ernmental agenc$ and official from other 4ario#s so#rces, 9, To integrate anal$ze -rocess and disseminate to a#thorized go4ernmental agencies and officials in the form of re-ort or strategic inter-retati4e st#dies, 7. -RI;*I-87S 6( I;T788IG7;*7 1. *RIT7RIA a, ni4ersalit$ of a--lication – it sho#ld a--l$ to as man$ -hases and as-ects of intelligence as -ossi"le, ", It m#st "e "road – it sho#ld tr#l$ "e a general r#le, c, It m#st "e im-ortant &indeed essential to intelligence+ – If a g#ide is tr#l$ im-ortant and essential then its 4iolations sho#ld "ring its o!n immediate -enalties,
d, The$ m#st not "e m#t#all$ e>cl#si4e instead each sho#ld com-lement the other,
