What are extremes of intelligence? Extremes in intelligence intelligence are the extreme highs and lows of the intelligence i ntelligence spectrum. spectrum. Above a 135 IQ is considered gifted and a nd below 70 is considered mentally retarded. Below 70 there are sub categories. These categories are mild and moderate, and severe and profound. Intellectual
giftedness
i ntellectual al ability significantly significantly higher than average. It It Intellectual ntellectual giftedness is an intellectu is different from a skill, in that skills are learned or acquired behaviors. Like a talent, intellectual giftedness is usually believed to be an innate, p ersonal aptitude for intellectual intellectual activities that cannot be acquired acq uired through personal effort. Intellectual giftedness may be general or specific. For example, an intellectually intellectually gifted person may have a striking talent for mathematics, but not have equally strong language skills. Identifying
the Gifted
1. Einstein was four years old before before he could speak and seven before he could could read. 2. Isaac Newton did poorly poorly in grade school. school. 3. When Thomas Edison was was a boy, his teachers told him he was too stupid to learn anything. 4. A newspaper editor fired Walt Disney Disney because he had "No good ideas" 5. Caruso's music teacher told him "You can't sing, you have no voice at all." 6. Leo Tolstoy flunked flunked out of college. 7. Louis Pasteur was rated as mediocre mediocre in chemistry when when he attended the Royal College 8. Abraham Lincoln Lincoln entered The Black Hawk War as a captain and came out a private 9. Fred Warning was once rejected rejected from high school chorus. chorus. 10. Winston Churchill Churchill failed the sixth grade. Recognizing the Characteristics of Gifted Children y
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Gifted children's children's behaviour differs from that t hat of their age-mates in the following ways: Manny gifted children learn to read early, with better comprehension comprehension of the nuances of language. As much as half the gifted and talented population has learned to read before entering school. Gifted children often read widely, quickly, and intensely and have large vocabularies.
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Gifted children commonly learn basic skills better, more quickly, and with less practice. They take less for granted, seeking the "hows" and "whys." They can work independently at an earlier age and can concentrate for longer periods. They usually respond and relate well to parents, teachers, and other adults. They may prefer the company of older children and adults to that of t heir peers. They like to learn new things, are willing to examine the unusual, and are highly inquisitive. They tackle tasks and problems in a well -organized, goal-directed, and efficient manner. They exhibit an intrinsic motivation to learn, find out, or explore and are often very persistent. "I'd rather do it myself" is a common attitude. Who are the highly Gifted?
Highly gifted children tend to be those who demonstrate asynchronous development. Due to their high cognitive abilities and high intensities they experience and relate to the world in unique ways. These children are often found as a result of extremely high scores on an individually scored IQ tests, generally above the 140 IQ range. Others may be prodigies in areas such as math, science, language and/or the arts. Profoundly gifted children can score in excess of 170 IQ. Highly gifted children demonstrate characteristics such as the extreme need to: 1. Learn at a much faster pace. 2. Process material to a much greater depth. 3. Show incredible intensity in energy, imagination, intellectual prowess, sensitivity, and emotion which are not typical in the general population. Intellectual
disability
Mental retardation (MR) is a generalized disorder, characterized by significantly impaired cognitive functioning and deficits in two or more adaptive behaviours that appears before adulthood. It has historically been defined as an Intelligence [1] Quotient score under 70. Once focused almost entirely on cognition, the definition now includes both a component relating to mental functioning and one relating to individuals' functional skills in their environment. As a result, a person with a belowaverage intelligence quotient (BAIQ) may not be considered mentally retarded. Syndromic mental retardation is intellectual deficits associated with other medical and behavioral signs and symptoms. Non-syndromes mental retardation is intellectual deficits that appear without other abnormalities.
Signs
and symptoms
Children with mental retardation may learn to sit up, to crawl, or to walk later than other children, or they may learn to talk later. Both adults and children with mental retardation may also exhibit the following characteristics: y
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Delays in oral language development Deficits in memory skills Difficulty learning social rules Difficulty with problem solving skills Delays in the development of adaptive behavio urs such as self-help or selfcare skills Lack of social inhibitors
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Genetic conditions. Sometimes disability is caused by abnormal genes inherited from parents, errors when genes combine, or other r easons. The most prevalent genetic conditions include Down syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, Neurofibromatosis, congenital hypothyroidism, Williams syndrome, Phenylketonuria (PKU), and Prader-Willi syndrome. Other genetic conditions include Phelan-McDermid syndrome (22q13del), Mowat[2] Wilson syndrome, genetic ciliopathy, and Siderius type X-linked mental retardation (OMIM 300263) as caused by mutations in the PHF8 gene (OMIM [3][4] 300560). In the rarest of cases, abnormalities with the X or Y chromosome may also cause disability. 48, XXXX and 49, XXXXX syndrome affect a small number of girls worldwide, while boys may be affected by 47, XYY, 49, XXXXY, or 49, XYYYY. Problems during pregnancy. Mental disability can result when the fetus does not develop properly. For example, there may be a problem with the way the sfetu' cells divide as it grows. A woman who drinks alcohol (see fetal alcohol syndrome) or gets an infection like rubella during pregnancy may also have a baby with mental disability. Problems at birth. If a baby has problems during labor and birth, such as not getting enough oxygen, he or she may have developmental disability due to brain damage. Exposure to certain types of disease or toxins. Diseases like whooping cough, measles, or meningitis can cause mental disability if medical care is delayed or inadequate. Exposure to poisons like lead or mercury may also affect mental ability. Malnutrition is a common cause of reduced intell igence in parts of the world affected by famine, such as Ethiopia.[6] Absence of the arcuate fasciculus. Prepared by: Joan G. Gutierrez
