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AMNA INAYAT MEDICAL COLLEGE Nerve and Muscle, Heart, Skin, membrane transport (MCQs Test) Total marks: 50,
Total time: 50 minutes
Q1. The diffusion potential of an ion required to stop the diffusion of an ion along its concentration gradient is called as:A. Threshold potential. B. Nernst Potential C. End plate potential D. Action potential E. Graded potential. Q2. The action potential potential of skeletal muscle. A. Has a prolonged plateau phase. B. Spreads inward to all parts of the muscle via the T tubules. 2+ C. Causes the immediate uptake of Ca into the lateral sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D. Is longer than the action potential of cardiac muscle. E. Is not essential for contraction. Q3. The functions of tropomyosin in skeletal muscle include. A. Sliding on action to produce shortening. B. Releasing Ca2+ after initiation of contraction. C. Binding to myosin during contraction. D. Acting as a “relaxing protein” at rest by covering up the sites where myosin binds to actin. E. Generating ATP, which it passes to the contractile mechanism. Q4. Gap junctions. A. Are absent in cardiac muscle. B. Are present but of little functional importance in cardiac muscle. C. Are present and provide the pathway for rapid spread of excitation from one cardiac muscle fiber to another. D. Are absent in smooth muscle. E. Connect the sarcotubular system to individual skeletal muscle cells. Q5. Which of the following does not belong to fast muscle fibers? A. Show rapid fatigue. B. Have less myoglobin than that in slow fibers. C. Have less developed sarcolasmic reticulum. D. Have less extensive blood supply. E. Are rich in phosphorylass enzymes. Q6. Functional syncytium is seen in: A. Cardiac muscle. B. Smooth muscle of unitary type C. Skeletal muscle. D. Both in cardiac + unitary smooth muscle. E. Both in skeletal + smooth muscle. Q7. Which of the following phenomenon shows prolonged contraction in smooth smooth muscle with minimum utilization of energy. A. B. C. D. E.
Q8. Smooth muscles are different from skeletal muscle in former the protein to which ca++ is a ttached is? A. Calmodulin B. Albumin C. Troponin – C. D. Actin E. Tropomyosin. Q 9. If the permeability of a resting skeletal muscle cell to K+ is increased while the permeability of the cell to Na+ stays constant, then: A.
the Tran membrane potential would decrease (depolarize)
B.
The cell would become excitable
C.
The cell would become more excitable because of a decrease depolarization) in the Tran membrane potential.
D.
the Tran membrane potential would increase (hyperpolarize)
E.
The Tran membrane potential would not change.
Q10. Which of the following c hanges in extra cellular ion concentration would be expected to hyperpolarize a skeletal muscle cell? A. Increased sodium concentration B. Decreased chloride concentration. C. Increased potassium concentration. D. Decreased potassium concentration Q11. Which of the following c hanges would be expected to make the membrane? potential of a muscle cell more positive than the normal (resting) level? A. Increased conductance to potassium. B. Increased conductance to chloride. C. Decreased conductance to sodium. D. Increased extracellular potassium concentration. E. Increased extracellular chloride concentration. Q12. Sodium concentration inside a mammalian cell is measured to be 10 mEq/L, which the extra cellular concentration is determined to be 100 mEq/L. Which of the following value represents the equilibrium potential for sodium? A. +30 mV B. +60mV C. -60mV D. -30mV E. +120 Q13. A miniature end-plate potential results from: A. Spontaneous release of a quintal package of acetylcholine. B. Presynaptic inhibition. C. Recruitment of motor units. D. Postsynaptic atropine blockade. E. Stimulation of A-alpha fibers. Q14. Which of the following occurs during an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)? A. Decreased potassium conductance. B. Increased chloride conductance. C. Increased sodium conductance. D. Receptor dependent. Q15. Which of the following is not associated with electronic neuron-to-neuron transmission? A. B. C. D.
Faster than chemical transmission. Involves direct cell-to-cell communication. Potentially bidirectional. Receptor dependent.
Q16. The end-plate potential of skeletal muscle i s best characterize as: A. A local reversal of charge originating at the end-plate. B. A reversal of charge originating at the end-plate and propagated throughout the cell. C. A decrease in the transmembrane potential that is propagated throughout the cells. D. A local decrease in the transmembrane potential that is cau sed by an increased permeability to Na+ and K+. E. A local decrease in the transmembrane potential that is a ssociated with little or no increase in Na+ conductance. Q17. The end-plate of a normally innervated skeletal muscle cell can be distinguished from the rest of the cell membrane in that only the end-plate. A. Will initiate a contraction in response to the local application of acetylcholine. +. B. Will depolarize when exposed to an excess of extracellular K + C. Will depolarize in response to an excess of extracellular Ca2 D. Have all of the above characteristics. E. Has none of the above characteristics. Q18. The rate at which Ca2+ is sequestered by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of ske letal muscle during a twitch is directly related to: A. The rate of tension development. B. The rate of ATP hydrolysis by myosin. C. Both of the above. D. The height of the action potential. E. The rate of relaxation. Q.No.19: Which phase of the action potential is caused by opening of activation gates of Na+ channels in the nerve axon? A. Upstroke B. Down stroke C. Positive after potential D. Negative after potential E. Resting potential Q.No.20: Saltatory conductance: A. Occurs in myelinated nerve fibers B. Has a slower rate of conduction C. requires more energy D. Occurs in a continuous fashion E. Occurs in non myelinated nerve fibers Q.No.21: Na+ K+ pump: A. Is also called as electrogenic pump B. Pumps 3Na+ ions into the cell C. Does not play any role in resting membrane potential determination D. Uses GTP as source of energy E. Pumps 2 K+ ions out of the cell Q.No.22: resting membrane potential: A. Is positive on inside of the membrane B. Is -50 mVolts for large nerve fibers C. Is determined only by K+ Nernst potential D. Is actually negative potential on inside of the membrane E. Is mainly contributed by the action of alectrogenic pump Q.No.23: Compound action potential: A. B. C. D. E.
Is observed in median nerve electrical r ecording Is seen in large alpha motor neurons Is seen in unmyelinated nerve fibers does not show multiple peaks of voltage shows small peak for Type A fibers than for type C fibers.
Q.25: Which one of the following is the best index of preload? a. Blood volume b. Central venous pressure volume e. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
c. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure d. Left ventricular ventric ular end-diastolic
Q.26: Which one of the following is the best index of afterload? a. b. c. d. e.
Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure Left ventricular mean systolic pressure Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure Total peripheral resistance Mean arterial blood pressure
Q. 27: Propagation of the action potential through the heart is fastest in the a. b. c. d. e.
SA node Atrial muscle AV node Purkinje fibers Ventricular muscle
Q. 28: Closure of the aortic valve occurs at the onset of which phase of the cardiac cycle? a. b. c. d. e.
Q.29: Normal splitting of the second heart sound (S2) into two components is increased during inspiration because
a. b. c. d. e.
The closing of the aortic valve is delayed The opening of the mitral valve is delayed The closing of the pulmonic valve is delayed The stroke volume of the left ventricle is increased The heart rate is decreased
Q.30: Which of the following statements about the third heart sound sound (S3) is correct?
a. b. c. d. e.
It is usually diminished in congestive heart failure It is produced by turbulence during rapid ventricular filling in early diastole It is produced by turbulence following atrial contraction It is often associated with the “floppy” mitral valve syndrome It is produced by flow through the patent foramen ovale
Q.31: In a resting, healthy man, the ejection fraction is approximately?
a. b. c. d. e.
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.9
Q.32: Increasing vagal stimulation of the heart will cause an increase in.
Q.34: Cardiovascular changes that occur during inspiration include decreased
a. b. c. d. e.
Right ventricular filling Right ventricular output Pressure gradient from extrathoracic veins to the right atrium Systemic blood pressure Left ventricular contractility
Q.35: Stroke volume can be decreased by
a. b. c. d. e.
Increasing ventricular contractility Increasing heart rate Increasing central venous pressure Decreasing total peripheral resistance Decreasing systemic blood pressure
Q.36: The electrocardiogram is most effective in detecting a decrease in
a. b. c. d. e.
Ventricular contractility Mean blood pressure Total peripheral resistance Ejection fraction Coronary blood flow
Q.37: Which one of the following correctly describes an event that normally occurs during the PR interval?
a. b. c. d. e.
The ventricle is contracting The cardiac action potential passes through the AV node There is no change in the voltage tracing on the ECG The mitral and aortic valves are both closed The second heart sound is heard
Q.38: The upstroke of the SA nodal action potential is produced by opening a channel that is
a. b. c. d. e.
Primarily permeable to Na+ Primarily permeable to Ca2+ Primarily permeable to K+ Primarily permeable to ClEqually permeable to Na+ and K+
Q.39: Sympathetic stimulation of the heart results in
a. b. c. d. e.
An increase in the activity of the calcium channels An increase in the duration of systole An increase in the duration of diastole A decrease in the affinity of troponin for calcium A decrease in the concentration of Ca2+ during systole
Q.40: Which of the following structures are commonly seen in both skeletal and cardiac muscle?
A. B. C. D.
Gap junctions Sarcoplasmic reticulum Somatic innervation (neuromuscular junction) calmodulin
Q.41: Which of the following changes would be expected to make the membrane potential of a muscle cell more positive than normal
(resting cell)? A. B. C. D.
Increased conductance to calcium Increased conductance to potassium Decreased conductance to magnesium Decreased conductance to sodium
Q.42: The cardiac conduction system includes all of the following except
a. b. c. d. e.
the SA node. the AV node. the bundle branches. the chordae tendineae. the Purkinje fibers.
Q.43: To get from the right atrium to the right ventricle, blood flows through
a. b. c. d. e.
the pulmonary valve. the tricuspid valve. the bicuspid valve. the aortic valve. the mitral valve.
Q.44: A heart rate of 45 bpm and an absence of P waves suggest a. b. c. d. e.
damage to the SA node. ventricular fibrillation. cor pulmonale. extrasystole. heart block.
Q.45: The fast-rising phase of the action potential of the SA node results from a. b. c. d. e.
the opening of slow Ca2_ channels. the closing of K_ channels. K_ outflow. K_ inflow. Ca2_ inflow.
Q.46: Cardiac muscle does not exhibit tetanus because it has: a. b. c. d. e.
fast Ca2_ channels. scanty sarcoplasmic reticulum. a long absolute refractory period. electrical synapses. exclusively aerobic respiration.
Q.47: The atria contract during a. b. c. d. e.
the first heart sound. the second heart sound. the QRS complex. the P – Q segment. the S – T segment.
Q.48: Ventricular pressure peaks during a. b. c. d. e.
the first heart sound. the second heart sound. the QRS complex. the P – Q segment. the S – T segment.
Q.49: The blood contained in a ventricle during isovolumetric relaxation is a. b. c. d. e.
the end-systolic volume. the end-diastolic volume. the stroke volume. the ejection fraction. none of these; the ventricle is empty then.
Q.50: Which of the following is the property of a cardiac cell to initiate and fire an action potential on its own without external stimulation? A. Selectivity B. Spontaneity. C. Automaticity. D. Conductance.
AIMCS MCQs Test Nerve and Muscle, heart, transport 1B
