Qrkauiimùb y Amklrkjkimùb rnkdmzkaks pfr5
+Mb`f5 www.rfdnbtumamfjk.wfraprnss.ifj / ikstfrypfdduxikCljkmd.ifj PN_YMÙB BF F@MIMKD, L_KQ^MQK ] GNIGK YÙDF SK_K KBMJK_ KD SÕODMIF GMYSKBF K KSF]K_ ND Q_KOKEF AN JFBQN IFFH LKJNY. Qfaks dks mjëlnbns sfb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
Nd Bfvnbf Jubaf
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
O
mnbvnbmafs kd Bfvnbf Jubaf, afban dk tnibfdflêk ns jëlmik, y afban bunstrf jës amstkbtn `uturf nstë tkjomíb mbjnrsf nb bunstrf pkskaf. Nstn jubaf ns k su vnz nd ifbtnxtf nb nd qun sn anskrrfddk nd mbbfvkafr eunlf Bujnbnrk. Nstk pnqunûk luêk ns ub mbtnbtf pfr gkinr ddnlkr k kqunddfs eulkafrns an rfd qun kõb bf gkb pfamaf nigkr jkbf k nstn jklbêif eunlf, prfokodnjnbtn pfr
iunstmfbns an mamfjk, dks rnldks oësmiks y ikrkitnrêstmiks jës mjpfrtkbtns an dk irnkimùb an pnrsfbkens. K pnskr an snr ub eunlf jës snbimddf y umaf qun dfs idësmifs A&A y Sktgbanr, k dfs rfdnrfs y bkrrkafrns sn bfs gkiêk
ifjpdmikak dk tkrnk an mbtrfauimr dfs bunvfs ifbinptfs irnkafs pkrk nstn eunlf k eulkafrns jës iksukdns f bfvktfs. Nstf sn anoêk bf sùdf k qun bf gk gkomaf ubk
trkauiimùb fimkd an dks rnldks an Bujnbnrk kd nspkûfd,
smbf tkjomíb k qun juigfs an dfs tírjmbfs y ifbinptfs uskafs kquê tkjpfif nxmstêkb nb nd mamfjk frmlmbkd y `unrfb mbvnbtkafs nxidusmvkjnbtn pkrk nstn eunlf. Nstf gkiêk qun nd trkokef and bkrrkafr `unsn juigf jës krauf kd tnbnr qun trkauimr, nxpdmikr ifbinptfs y bkrrkr smjudtëbnkjnbtn nb ikak pkrtmak. Nspnrkjfs nstk luêk rnsudtn snbimddk y gfbrn nd nspêrmtu an Bujnbnrk y sus irnkafrns. Dk luêk nstë pnbskak pkrk akr k ifbfinr dks rnldks oësmiks y dks gnrrkjmnbtks pkrk irnkr pnrsfbkens. Dfs tírjmbfs gkb smaf ikstnddkbmzkafs k trkvís an ub prfinsf an trkbsirnkimùb, pnrf kqunddfs qun ksê df ansnnb punanb kpnlkrsn k dfs tírjmbfs L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
3;
frmlmbkdns nb mbldís. Bf auanb nb nbvmkr sus ifjnbtkrmfs kinrik an dk luêk, sulnrnbimks f pnamafs pkrk ftrks trkauiimfbns.
B^JNBN_K Gkb nxmstmaf figf jubafs prnvmfs. Dfs gkomtkbtns an dk tmnrrk sn rnnrnb k nddfs ifjf nakans, ípfiks, f
nrks, pnrf bf snrêk ansikonddkaf pnbskr nb ikak ubf an nddfs ifjf ub jubaf mbanpnbamnbtn an dfs anjës. Ikak jubaf kbtnrmfr sn anskrrfddù k df dkrlf an jmdns an kûfs. Ikak ubf smrvmù an iubk pkrk ubk rkzk iuyk imvmdmzkimùb sn kdzù nb tfak su ldfrmk p krk nvnbtukdjnbtn pnrninr, ifdkpskr, anskpkrninr f trksinbanr. Aurkbtn nd tmnjpf qun ikak jubaf frnimù, kqunddfs qun df
lfonrbkokb dn gkodkrfb k dks nstrnddks, rnamsnûkrfb sus iunrpfs y afjmbkrfb dks `frjks y nsnbimks, ikak ubf k su jkbnrk pkrtmiudkr. Ikak ubf an nddfs aneù anspfefs, rnstfs y rumbks. Nd Bfvnbf Jubaf nstë ifbstrumaf sforn dfs gunsfs an dfs õdtmjfs figf. Ym sn jmrk iumakafskjnbtn, ikak pkrtêiudk an krnbk gk smaf `frekak, jkbu`kiturkak f iudtmvkak, y dunlf pudvnrmzkak an bunvf y ifbvnrtmak nb tmnrrk krtmimkd pfr dk nrfsmùb mbidnjnbtn and tmnjpf. Ym jmrks
kd gfrmzfbtn pfarêks nstkr vmnbaf ubk jfbtkûk f pkrtn an ub jfbujnbtf jksmvf k ub kbtmluf njpnrkafr an ub punodf tftkdjnbtn fdvmakaf. Ym prnstks ktnbimùb, pfarêks pnrimomr ubk sutmd vmorkimùb okef tus pmns y skonr qun kbtmlufs jftfrns, jëqumbks ifdfskdns and tkjkûf an
rnmbfs nbtnrfs, smlunb fpnrkbaf nb dks d ks prf`ubamakans and pdkbntk. Bujnbnrk sn inbtrk nb nd ansiuormjmnbtf. Qu pnrsfbken ansiuormrë jkrkvmddks an jubafs pkskafs (mbiduynbaf nd kitukd), y tnibfdflêk tkb kvkbzkak qun ns mbam`nrnbimkodn an dk jklmk, ifjf gkorêk amigf nd kutfr Krtgur I. Idkrhn nb su jfjnbtf. Ikak ubf an dfs figf jubafs kbtnrmfrns ns anjksmkaf amstkbtn n mbifjprnbsmodn, y dk vmak nb nd prnsnbtn ns anjksmkaf pndmlrfsk ifjf pkrk sfûkr ifb ub pkskaf qun bf pfanjfs nbtnbanr. Dk lnbtn nxikvk, rniupnrk y nstuamk dks jkrkvmddks an ípfiks pkskaks pkrk pfanr tnbnr dk fpfrtubmaka an sfornvmvmr kd jubaf qun dns `un akaf. Juigfs skonb qun gky nbnrlêks y ifbfimjmnbtfs qun nstëb suspnbamafs nb nd kmrn y k su kdrnanafr, qun jfdankrfb ifbtmbnbtns an gmnrrf y irmstkd, y qun nbimnrrkb vkstfs tnsfrfs, pfrtkdns k dks nstrnddks y ftrks amjnbsmfbns. K jnbuaf dn aminb jklmk. Snrf k tfaf nstf dn ddkjkb Dk Bujnbnrk. Nd Bfvnbf Jubaf nstë pfodkaf an snrns qun gkb nvfduimfbkaf pfr jmddfbns an kûfs nb nd pdkbntk, `unrfb jfamikafs y amsnûkafs pfr dfs kbtmlufs pfodkafrns,
f vmbmnrfb an dks nstrnddks nb ípfiks fdvmakaks. Dk nvfduimùb, dk jkbmpudkimùb lnbítmik y dk jmsjk Bujnbnrk gkb ifb`nrmaf gkomdmakans sforngujkbks f iksm jëlmiks k juigfs snrns ddkjkaks aftns, dks iukdns sn gkb ifbvnrtmaf nb su jnamf an supnrvmvnbimk. Gky qumnbns gkb uskaf sus aftns pkrk onbnimf prfpmf, pkrk jkbtnbnr dk pkz f pkrk mjpfbnrsn sforn ftrfs. Dk jkyfr pkrtn and jubaf qun sn pfarêk ddkjkr imvmdmzkaf, nstë nb ub nstkaf iksm jnamnvkd, lfonrbkaf pfr prmbimpkafs, `nuafs, dêanrns rndmlmfsfs y imuakansnstkaf. Bf gky ub lfomnrbf kosfdutf, pnrf gky mbamvmaufs y frlkbmzkimfbns ifb juigf pfanr iuyk
Nd Bfvnbf Jubaf Ns ub ifbtnxtf jnamnvkd an `kbtksêk pnrf smb gmstfrmk. Df qun pnrjmtn qun juigks pnrsfbks qun qumnrkb eulkrdf, pnrf qun bf tnblkb ifbfimjmnbtfs prnvmfs kinrik an dk naka jnamk, punakb mbtrfauimr ifbinptfs jfanrbfs smb jmnaf k nstkr ifjntmnbaf nrrfrns gmstùrmifs. Iukdqumnr ifbinptf sfimkd, nifbùjmif, iudturkd, imnbtê`mif f mamfsmbirëtmif an iukdqumnr ípfik tmnbn ikomak nb nd Bfvnbf Jubaf. Sfr ftrf dkaf, dk tnrjmbfdflêk uskak nb dk kitukdmaka pfarêk snr tftkdjnbtn ansifbfimak pfr sus gkomtkbtns. Qírjmbfs ifjf —pmstfdk‚, —ikrrf‚, —mbtnrbnt‚ f —ifjputkafrk‚ snrêkb anjksmkaf nxtrkûfs pkrk dk lnbtn qun vmvn ub omddùb an kûfs nb nd `uturf, kub iukbaf ifsks smjmdkrns nxmstkb.
_krnzks
Yfb rndmqumks qun bf sfb bm krtn`kitfs bm irmptfs. Bf smrvnb pkrk bmblõb prfpùsmtf kpkrnbtn, pnrf tmnbnb `ubimfbns nxtrkûks qun rnsudtkb snr iurmfsks f smjpdnjnbtn nbtrntnbmaks. Nenjpdfs an nddks mbiduynb ub pnakzf an irmstkd nb ub jkrif jntëdmif qun junstrk mjëlnbns pniudmkrns, f ubk ikek ifb trns ikjpkbmddks qun tkûnb k tmnjpfs mjprnanimodns y kpkrnbtnjnbtn kd kzkr. Bf tfaf df prfvnbmnbtn an dfs d fs jubafs kbtnrmfrns punan snr ifjprnbamaf. An gnigf, juy pfif punan snrdf.
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
mbunbimk ddnlk k tfafs dfs rmbifbns and jubaf
ifbfimaf. Ifjf nenjpdf nstë nd Skpk an Ëjokr, nd iukd luêk k dk Franb an dk Pnraka, ubk frlkbmzkimùb an Ykinraftns and Knùb qumnbns mb`ubanb lrkb rnspntf y rnvnrnbimk nb dk rnlmùb. Dk lnbtn amvman dks rndmqumks an jubafs pkskafs nb trns tmpfs5 krtn`kitfs, irmptfs y _krnzks.
Krtn`kitfs
Yfb kpkrktfs an lrkb tkjkûf qun pfr df lnbnrkd punanb snr uskafs jës an ubk vnz pkrk prfauimr ub jmsjf rnsudtkaf. Sfarêk snr ub imbturùb qun irnk ub nsiuaf an `unrzk, f ub nsqum`n ikpkz an trkbspfrtkr lnbtn y jnrikbiêk an ub dulkr k ftrf. Nd tírjmbf sn usk iksm smnjprn pkrk foentfs qun tmnbnb ub prfpùsmtf fovmf8 krjkjnbtf, prftniimùb, jnamf an trkbspfrtn, an ifjubmikimùb f an fotnbimùb an mb`frjkimùb. Dfs krtn`kitfs gkinb jës pfanrfsfs k sus usukrmfs, f kd jnbfs dns gkinb dk vmak jës `ëimd.
Irmptfs
Yfb usukdjnbtn amspfsmtmvfs amjmbutfs qun punanb snr uskafs pfr dk jkyfrêk an dfs pnrsfbkens pkrk fotnbnr ub sfdf n`nitf kbtns an snr ansnigkafs f ifbvnrtmrsn nb kafrbfs y iurmfsmakans. Nstf mbiduyn mbyniimfbns rëpmaks amsnûkaks pkrk rnpkrkr akûfs `êsmifs nb kdlubk irmkturk, f kdlõb foentf pfrtëtmd qun, sm ns jkbmpudkaf ifrrnitkjnbtn, sn trkbs`frjk nb ub krjk qun nxpdftk ifb lrkb pftnbimk. Dfs irmptfs sfb pndmlrfsfs sm juigfs sfb kdjkinbkafs nb ub sfdf dulkr, yk qun irnkb rkamkimùb y `rniunbimks gkrjùbmiks qun sfb pnreuamimkdns pkrk dfs snrns gujkbfs. 3?
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
F A B ^ J F B N P F B D N
_nldks and Eunlf
B
Bujnbnrk ns ub eunlf an rfd. Nstf qumnrn animr qun sn eunlk ifb dk mjklmbkimùb ifjombkak an tfafs dfs eulkafrns y nd bkrrkafr. Nd bkrrkafr ansirmon dk nsinbk y dk smtukimùb, dfs eulkafrns anidkrkb df qun sus pnrsfbkens mbtnbtkb gkinr, y nd bkrrkafr antnrjmbk df qun pksk k ifbtmbukimùb. Dks rnldks y dfs akafs kyuakb k qun nd eunlf tnblk ub rmtjf umaf, pnrf sfb dfs eulkafrns dfs qun amrmlnb dk kiimùb y antnrjmbkb dk gmstfrmk y dk amvnrsmùb. Ym kdlubk rnldk fostkiudmzk nstfs ndnjnbtfs, dfs eulkafrns y nd bkrrkafr anonb trkokekr nb ifbeubtf pkrk ikjomkrdks. Bujnbnrk usk ub akaf an ?3 ikrks (A?3) pkrk antnrjmbkr nd rnsudtkaf an ikak kiimùb tfjkak pfr dfs eulkafrns aurkbtn nd eunlf. Nd bkrrkafr snûkdk ubk am`iudtka pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk y nd rnsudtkaf and akaf antnrjmbk nd íxmtf f `rkiksf an dk kiimùb. Nxmstnb ;3 lrkafs an am`iudtka y ikak lrkaf an am`iudtka tmnbn ub bõjnrf foentmvf ksfimkaf qun smnjprn ns trns vnins nd lrkaf an am`iudtka. Ns animr, sm ubk tkrnk tmnbn ub lrkaf an am`iudtka 1, nd eulkafr anon skikr ;? f jës pkrk supnrkrdk. Amigf an ftrk jkbnrk, nd bkrrkafr ksmlbk ubk am`iudtka and ; kd ;3 pkrk rnkdmzkr ubk tkrnk, dfs eulkafrns anonb judtmpdmikr nd lrkaf an am`iudtka x9 pkrk gkddkr nd bõjnrf foentmvf qun anonb qun skikr nb ub A?3 pkrk supnrkr dk am`iudtka. Ym supnrkb nd bõjnrf foentmvf, tmnbnb íxmtf. Ym skikb jnbfs qun nd bõjnrf foentmvf, smjpdnjnbtn `kddkb y anonb mbtnbtkr kdlubk ftrk kiimùb pkrk prflrnskr nb dk kvnbturk. Gky jkbnrks an amsjmbumr nd lrkaf an am`iudtka an ubk tkrnk. Ifjpntnbimks kaqumrmaks, imriubstkbimks `kvfrkodns, f ubks ounbks gnrrkjmnbtks, punanb rnauimr dk am`iudtka an ubk tkrnk. Sfr nenjpdf, nsikdkr ubk jfbtkûk punan tnbnr ubk am`iudtka an 0 (foentmvf ;7), pnrf sm nd pnrsfbken ns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsikdkr, dk am`iudtka sn rnauin nb ub lrkaf y pksk k snr > (foentmvf ;>). Nstf sn ddkjk amsjmbumr dk am`iudtka nb ;. Ym nd pnrsfbken nstë nspnimkdmzkaf nb nsikdkr, ubk am`iudtka an 0 sn vundvn ubk am`iudtka an 1. Nstf sn ddkjk amsjmbumr dk am`iudtka nb ?.
^bk ifjpntnbimk ns ubk iktnlfrêk an ifbfimjmnbtf, gkomdmaka, f kitmvmaka rndkimfbkak ifb ubk tkrnk, ifjf nsikdkr, lnflrk`êk, f pnrsuksmùb. ^b pnrsfbken qun snk
ifjpntnbtn ns jnefr pkrk rnkdmzkr tkrnks kbns qun ub
pnrsfbken qun bf df snk. Nd bmvnd an ifjpntnbimk sn jman nb ifjpntnbtn (rkzfbkodnjnbtn kptf) f nspnimkdmzkaf (juy kptf). Ym nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr ubk tkrnk, amsjmbuyns dk amiudtka an dk tkrnk nb ;. Ym nrns nspnimkdmzkaf, amsjmbuyns dk amiudtka nb ?. Dks ifjpntnbimks bubik punanb amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb jës an ?. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun rnauzik dk amiudtka (dk kyuak an
ub ifjpkûnrf, ubk gnrrkjmnbtk, f kdlubk ftrk vnbtkek) ns ifbsmanrkak ub rniursf. Dfs rniursfs bubik punanb amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb jës an ?. Qkjomíb punans amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk
kpdmikbaf Ns`unrzf. Skrk rnsujmr, sùdf trns ifsks punanb rnauimr dk
amiudtka an ubk tkrnk5 ifjpntnbimks, rniursfs, y
Ns`unrzf.
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
39
Ym sn amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk k 3, bf
bninsmtks tmrkr nd akaf pkrk antnrjmbkr nd íxmtf.
¶I^ËBAF YN GKIN ^BK QM_KAK6 Ikak vnz qun tu pnrsfbken mbtnbtn rnkdmzkr ubk tkrnk, nd bkrrkafr dn ksmlbk ubk amiudtka, y tõ dkbzks ub A?3
pkrk vnr sm supnrks nd bõjnrf foentmvf ksfimkaf k nsk amiudtka.
Iukbaf skdtns an ub vngêiudf nb ddkjks, ktkquns k ubk onstmk jutkbtn ifb tu gkigk, iruins ub rêf njorkvnimaf k bkaf, manbtmquns ub amspfsmtmvf nxtrkûf, ifbvnbzks k
ub jnrikanr an okekr sus prnimfs, `kormquns ub foentf, usns ub pfanr pkrk ifbtrfdkr dk jnbtn an ub fpfbnbtn, f usns ub njmsfr an rkyfs ikdùrmifs pkrk gkinr ub kluenrf nb dk pkrna, gkins ubk tmrkak ifb ub A?3. Ymb njokrlf, sm mbtnbtks kdlf qun tmnbn ubk amiudtka
an 3, bf bninsmtks gkinr ubk tmrkak y tmnbns íxmtf
kutfjëtmikjnbtn. Juigks kiimfbns tmnbnb ubk amiudtka
an 3. Dfs nenjpdfs mbiduynb ktrkvnskr ubk gkomtkimùb ikjmbkbaf, kormr ubk punrtk, uskr ubk gkomdmaka nspnimkd pkrk bnutrkdmzkr dk lrkvnaka y pfanr vfdkr, uskr ubk aftn pkrk prftnlnr k ub kdmkaf an dk rkamkimùb, f kitmvkr ub amspfsmtmvf (qun yk ifjprnbans) pkrk irnkr ub ikjpf an `unrzk. Qfaks nstks sfb kiimfbns an rutmbk y bf rnqumnrnb tmrkaks. ^skr ifjpntnbimks, rniursfs, y ns`unrzf, punan rnauimr dk amiudtka an iksm iukdqumnr tkrnk k 3 y ksê
ndmjmbkr dk bninsmaka an gkinr tmrkaks. Ikjmbkr pfr ub trkvnskûf kblfstf ns kdlf am`êimd pkrk dk jkyfrêk an dks pnrsfbks, pnrf pkrk ub lmjbkstk nxpnrmjnbtkaf ns ubk kiimùb an rutmbk. Mbidusf punans rnauimr dk amiudtka an
ub ktkqun k ub nbnjmlf k 3 y tnbnr íxmtf smb dkbzkr nd akaf. Ym bf gky tmrkak, bf gky pfsmomdmaka an `rkiksf. Ymb njokrlf, tkjpfif gky pfsmomdmaka an kiimfbns ípmiks (nb Bujnbnrk, nddf rnqumnrn fotnbnr ub ;= f ub ?3 nb nd akaf).
Kiimfbns Dks nsinbks nstëb amvmamaks nb vundtks. Ikak pnrsfbken, eulkafr f bf eulkafr, tmnbn ub turbf nb ikak vundtk, y nb su turbf sn punan gkinr ubk ifsk5 ubk kiimùb. Qfaks dks kiimfbns iknb anbtrf an ubf an trns tmpfs5 Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf. Juigks kiimfbns rnqumnrnb ubk tmrkak and akaf an ?3 (a?3).
Ktrmoutf an dk Qmrkak
Kdlubks kiimfbns rnqumnrnb ub lkstf jêbmjf an pubtfs an kdlubf an dfs ktrmoutfs. Ym nd pnrsfbken bf punan lkstkr dfs pubtfs rnqunrmafs pkrk ifjpdntkr ubk kiimùb, `kddk kutfjëtmikjnbtn. Ikak tkrnk nstë rndkimfbkak ifb kdlubf an dfs trns ktrmoutfs. Dks tkrnks qun rnqumnrnb `unrzk f rnsmstnbimk, nstëb rndkimfbkaks ifb dk Sftnbimk. Dks kitmvmakans qun rnqumnrnb anstrnzk, klmdmaka, f ounbfs rnnefs, nstëb rndkimfbkaks ifb
Pndfimaka. Kqunddks kitmvmakans qun rnqumnrkb `unrzk an vfdubtka, jnjfrmk, f pfanrns jnbtkdns, sn rndkimfbkb ifb nd Mbtndnitf. An nstk jkbnrk gky tmrkaks an Sftnbimk,
an Pndfimaka f an Mbtndnitf. Nstk am`nrnbimkimùb kyuak k antnrjmbkr nd tmpf an Ns`unrzf qun sn punan kpdmikr, y iùjf dks gkomdmakans and pnrsfbken k`nitkb dk tmrkak. Sfr nenjpdf, ub bkbf tmnbn jnefrns prfokomdmakans an tnbnr íxmtf nb ubk tmrkak an Mbtndnitf, jmnbtrks qun ub ldkamf tnbarë jnefrns rnsudtkafs qun dfs anjës nb tmrkaks an Sftnbimk.
prftniimùb `êsmik qun ub pnrsfbken pfarêk ddnvkr pkrk kujnbtkr nd odmbaken.
IFJOKQN
nb ; pfr snr rëpmaks y `ëimdns an uskr. Nd krjkjnbtf dmlnrf mbiduyn puûfs, pktkaks, bkvkeks, lkrrftns, nstfquns y krjks pfr nd nstmdf. Iukdqumnr krjk qun snk pkrtmiudkrjnbtn pnqunûk ns ub krjk dmlnrk.
Nd ifjoktn `ubimfbk an dk jmsjk jkbnrk qun iukdqumnr
ftrk tkrnk. Nd bkrrkafr ksmlbk ubk amiudtka y sn tmrk
ub akaf pkrk vnr sm sn kdikbzk nd bõjnrf foentmvf. Dk amiudtka nb nstn iksf, anpnban an quí tkb pfanrfsf ns
nd fpfbnbtn. Ikak irmkturk f pnrsfbken bf eulkafr nb nd eunlf tmnbn ub bmvnd and ; kd ;3. Dk jkyfrêk an dks vnins, dk amiudtka an tu tmrkak an ktkqun f an`nbsk ns mlukd k
su bmvnd, k jnbfs qun sn mbamqun ftrk ifsk. An jkbnrk qun sm ktkiks k ub okbamaf bmvnd ?, sn tfjk ifjf ubk tkrnk an amiudtka ?, ksê qun nd bõjnrf foentmvf ns 0.
Qfaks dks tmrkaks sfb rnkdmzkaks pfr nd eulkafr. Ym ktkiks, gkins ubk tmrkak an ktkqun. Ym tn ktkikb, gkins ubk tmrkak an an`nbsk. Nd akûf bf nstë antnrjmbkaf pfr bmblubk tmrkak smbf pfr ub bõjnrf antnrjmbkaf pfr nd krjk f nd ktkqun uskaf. Ksê, ubk dkbzk smnjprn gkin 1 pubtfs an akûf y
ubk aklk gkin ?. Nd odmbaken f kdlubks aftns nspnimkdns rnauinb dk ikbtmaka an akûf rnimomaf. Fotmnbns odmbaken kd uskr krjkaurks f gkomdmakans nspnimkdns. An jkbnrk smjmdkr kd akûf an dks krjks, nd odmbaken ns ub bõjnrf ef, bf
ubk tmrkak. Ym nrns ktkikaf, rnstk tu odmbaken kd akûf rnimomaf. Sfr nenjpdf, ubk prftniimùb an iunrf tn ak ;
pubtf an odmbaken, df qun smlbmik qun rnimons ; pubtf
an akûf jnbfs pfr ktkqun. Ym ub okbamaf tn ktkik ifb su iuigmddf qun gkin ? pubtfs an akûf jmnbtrks nstës uskbaf tu igkdnif an iunrf, sùdf rnimons ; pubtf an akûf. Ym tu krjkaurk rnauin nd akûf an ub ktkqun k 3, bf rnimons bmblõb akûf pfr nd ktkqun. Gky ubk am`nrnbimk nbtrn odmbaken y krjkaurk. Iukbaf sn usn dk pkdkork —odmbaken‚, sn trktk and bõjnrf qun sn rnstk and akûf an ub ktkqun. Dk krjkaurk ns dk
K_JKY ] AKÛF
Dks krjks ifbvnbimfbkdns vmnbnb nb trns iktnlfrêks5 Dmlnrks, Jnamks y Snskaks.
Krjkjnbtf Dmlnrf5 Mbmln sùdf afs pubtfs an akûf, pnrf rnauin dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun
Krjkjnbtf Jnamf5 Mbmlnb 1 pubtfs an akûf. Nd
krjkjnbtf jnamf mbiduyn nspkaks, gkigks an oktkddk, okddnstks, dkbzks y krjks pfr nd nstmdf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak uskrsn ifb ubk jkbf (kub iukbaf sn punak uskr ifb kjoks ifjf dfs oëiudfs f dkbzks) ns ub krjk jnamk.
Krjkjnbtf Snskaf5 Mbmlnb 0 pubtfs an akûf y
anons uskrdfs ifb kjoks jkbfs pkrk ktkikr. Dks krjks pnskaks sfb dks lrkbans nspkaks, kdjëanbks, lrkbans gkigks, kdkokraks y okddnstks pnskaks. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun anok snr uskaf ifb afs jkbfs ns ub krjk pnskak.
OFBM@MIKIMFBNY
Juy pfiks vnins tu nqumpf f krjkjnbtf bf rnauin
nd lrkaf an amiudtka an ubk tkrnk smbf qun sujk ubk ofbmikimùb k tus tmrkaks. Sfr nenjpdf, sm ubk `unbtn
tn ifbinan +; k ubk tmrkak, sùdf anons sujkr ; k df qun fotnblks nb nd akaf. Mjklmbk qun tn nb`rnbtks k
ubk tkrnk an amiudtka >, ksê qun nd bõjnrf foentmvf ns ;>, pnrf ubk pkrtn an tu nqumpf t n ifbinan +; y ubk
ifjpntnbimk tn ifbinan +; kamimfbkd. Qmrks nd akaf y skiks ;1, pnrf kûkans dks ofbmikimfbns y ak ifjf rnsudtkaf ;0 ifb df qun dflrks supnrkr dk amiudtka. Ym fotmnbns ofbmikimfbns gkstk ddnlkr k +9 nb ubk
tkrnk, ifbsmaírkdks ub rniursf5 nb vnz an sujkr dk
ofbmikimùb k tu tmrkak smjpdnjnbtn okek dk amiudtka an
dk tkrnk nb ;. Ksê, bubik kûkamrës jës an +; f +? k ubk tmrkak.
Qkodk an am`miudtka Nd bkrrkafr ksmlbk ubk am`miudtka and ; kd ;3 pkrk rnkdmzkr ubk tkrnk. Dfs eulkafrns anonb judtmpdmikr x 9 pkrk gkddkr nd bõjnrf foentmvf qun tmnbnb qun skikr nb ub A?3 pkrk supnrkr dk am`miudtka. Dfs eulkafrns punanb amsjmbumr nstk am`miudtka uskbaf gnrrkjmnbtks, ifjpntnbimks f ns`unrzf.
31
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
F L N ^ E D N A Y K D L N _
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
QM_KAKY NYSNIMKDNY Gky imnrtfs bõjnrfs nb nd akaf qun dn ifbnrnb
imnrtfs n`nitfs kamimfbkdns k tus dflrfs. Nstfs sfb ddkjkafs n`nitfs jnbfrns y n`nitfs jkyfrns. Ftrfs bõjnrfs nb nd akaf punanb gkinr qun gklks akûf kamimfbkd nb ifjoktn. ^b n`nitf jnbfr nb ifjoktn, f ubk tmrkak an ;=, pfarêk smlbmikr qun gklks trfpnzkr k tu fpfbnbtn f qun
sundtn su krjk. Ym bf nstës nb ifjoktn, ub n`nitf jnbfr
smlbmik qun rnkdmzkstn dk tkrnk an jkbnrk sfornskdmnbtn.
^bk tmrkak an oõsqunak pfarêk bf sùdf rnvndkr dk pmstk qun ousikoks, smbf amrniimfbns ifbirntks nb tu
kvnbturk, f ub skdtf ifb n`nitf jnbfr pfarêk smlbmikr
qun dflrkstn ktnrrmzkr ifb lrkimk n mjprnsmfbkstn k dfs fosnrvkafrns. ^b n`nitf jkyfr nb ifjoktn, f ubk tmrkak an ?3, pfarêk smlbmikr qun tu fpfbnbtn qunak kturamaf
f smjpdnjnbtn sn rmban. Qkjomíb pfarêk trkauimrsn nb ubk kiimùb kamimfbkd. Ym bf nstës nb ifjoktn, ub n`nitf jkyfr smlbmik qun kdlf onbnimfsf pkrk tm f pkrk nd lrupf suinan. Sfarêk smlbmikr qun nsikdkstn ub jurf
nb dk jmtka and tmnjpf qun rnqunrêks, f ub nvnbtf ampdfjëtmif qun iudjmbk nb tírjmbfs juigf jnefrns an dfs nspnrkafs. Nb ifjoktn (y sùdf nb ifjoktn), sm dkbzks ub ;< f ;7
nb tu tmrkak an ktkqun, kûkans ; f ? pubtfs an akûf rnspnitmvkjnbtn. Bmblubf an nsfs rnsudtkafs tmnbn ftrfs n`nitfs nspnimkdns kpkrtn and akûf. ^bk tmrkak an ; ns smnjprn bnlktmvk y smlbmik qun nd
bkrrkafr mbtrfauimrë ubk ifjpdmikimùb nb nd nbiunbtrf.
_KBLF ] PNDFIMAKA Dk amstkbimk sn smjpdmik nb trns iktnlfrêks5 Mbjnamktk,
ifrtk, y lrkban. •Mbjnamktk5 [umnrn animr qun nstë kd kdikbin an ub pnrsfbken. Ym nd pnrsfbken nstë nb ubk gkomtkimùb L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
3>
pnqunûk, tfaf nstë k amstkbimk mbjnamktk. Ns dk amstkbimk pkrk ktkquns jndnn. Dk amstkbimk mbjnamktk ns an kprfxmjkakjnbtn 9 jntrfs. •Ifrtk5 Iukdqumnr amstkbimk jës kddë an mbjnamktk, pnrf jës ifrtk qun ;> jntrfs. Ns dk amstkbimk an
dkbzkjmnbtfs y dk jkyfr pkrtn an dks nsftnrêks.
•Lrkban5 Amstkbimk •Lrkban5 Amstkbimk nbtrn ;> jntrfs y 93 jntrfs.
Amstkbimk an tmrf pkrk krifs y krjks an `unlf. Jës kddë an nsn rkblf, dks amstkbimks smnjprn sfb nspnimikaks
nb jntrfs, hmdùjntrfs, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Dk mank ns qun bf snk bninskrmf jnamr amstkbimks prnimsks. ^bk amstkbimk mbjnamktk ns animr qun kdlf nstë eustf kddê, kd kdikbin an dk jkbf. ^bk amstkbimk ifrtk smlbmik inrikbf. ^bk amstkbimk lrkban ns kdnekaf.
Qfaks dks krjks y gkomdmakans nspnimkdns uskb nstfs tírjmbfs pkrk rn`nrmrsn k dk amstkbimk. Sfr nenjpdf, tfaks dks krjks an jndnn tmnbnb ub rkblf mbjnamktf, sfb krjks an iunrpf k iunrpf y dks usks pkrk ktkikr k iukdqumnrk qun sn nbiunbtrn k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk. Dkbzkr ub iuigmddf (y iksm iukdqumnr krjk krrfekamzk) ns ub ktkqun k ifrtk amstkbimk. ^b krif sn usk k lrkb amstkbimk. Nd ktkqun Igfqun an dfs bkbfs ns ubk aftn an ifrtk amstkbimk. ^b pnrsfbken sn punan jfvnr k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk ifjf pkrtn an ftrk kiimùb. Nb ftrks pkdkorks, punan ikjmbkr ubfs pksfs gkimk ub pkbnd an ifbtrfd y kitmvkr ub mbtnrruptfr. Sunan ktrkvnskr ub ërnk pnqunûk pkrk njonstmr k ub nbnjmlf. Sunan kormr ubk punrtk y ktrkvnskrdk. ^b pnrsfbken punan jfvnrsn k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk uskbaf dk tftkdmaka an su kiimùb. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punan mbtnbtkr jfvnrsn k ubk amstkbimk lrkban uskbaf dk tftkdmaka an su kiimùb, pnrf tnbarêk qun rnkdmzkr ubk tmrkak pkrk antnrjmbkr sm sn trfpmnzk, sn rnsokdk f igfik ifbtrk kdlf ifjf rnsudtkaf an jfvnrsn anjksmkaf rëpmaf.
rnifjpnbsks pfr rniupnrkr krtn`kitfs mbtnrnskbtns f gkinr ansiuormjmnbtfs aurkbtn ubk kvnbturk. Bf lkbks SNW pfr jktkr nbnjmlfs f pfr supnrkr rntfs aurkbtn ub eunlf. Nd kdjk an Bujnbnrk ns nd ansiuormjmnbtf. Dfs pubtfs an nxpnrmnbimk sn uskb prmbimpkdjnbtn pkrk nd kvkbin an dfs pnrsfbkens (pkrk jës antkddns, ifbsudtk
Qkodk an Qmrkaks Nspnimkdns
nd ikpêtudf 95 Irnkimùb an Snrsfbkens), pnrf ub eulkafr
tkjomíb punan lkstkr ;SNW pkrk vfdvnr k gkinr ubk tmrkak y nsiflnr nd jnefr rnsudtkaf. Sfr nenjpdf, sm dfs SEs sn nbiunbtrkb duigkbaf ifbtrk ub lrupf an kogujkbfs, iukdqumnr pnrsfbken punan ktkikr k iukdqumnr kogujkbf nb ubk duigk an jndnn. Qfafs nstëb k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk. Dks pfsmimfbns nxkitks bf sfb mjpfrtkbtns. Dks irmkturks nb ubk oktkddk smnjprn sn junvnb, mbtnrikjomkb pfsmimfbns, sn tkjokdnkb, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Ymb njokrlf, sm ub kogujkbf sn kpkrtk pkrk uskr su okddnstk, ub pnrsfbken pfarêk tnbnr qun uskr ubk kiimùb ifjpdntk pkrk jfvnrsn k dk amstkbimk ifrtk rnqunrmak pkrk pfanr ktkikr k nsn fpfbnbtn. Bf mjpfrtk sm nd kogujkbf nstë k 0 f ;?
jntrfs, ns ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Bf mjpfrtk sm nstë k jës an ;> jntrfs, snrë smnjprn ubk lrkb amstkbimk.
S^BQFY AN NWSN_MNBIMK Dfs pubtfs an nxpnrmnbimk (SNW) sfb rnifjpnbsks qun nd bkrrkafr ak k dfs eulkafrns iukbaf gkin ubk mbtrusmùb nb dk gmstfrmk pkrk mbtrfauimr ub bunvf n mbnspnrkaf ansk`êf. Sfr nenjpdf, nd bkrrkafr punan mb`frjkr qun, nb nd jnamf an ub ifjoktn, ub eulkafr aneù iknr su krjk. Ymb njokrlf, pkrk mrrujpmr an nstk jkbnrk, nd bkrrkafr anon ftfrlkr ? SNW kd eulkafr k`nitkaf. Nd pnrsfbken qun rnimon nstk rnifjpnbsk anon k su vnz ftfrlkr ubf an nsfs SNW k ftrf eulkafr y eustmikr pfr quí df gkin
(tkd vnz nd ftrf eulkafr tuvf ubk ounbk mank, ifbtù ubk gmstfrmk juy lrkimfsk, rnkdmzù ubk kiimùb qun skdvù ubk vmak, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, nd eulkafr pfarêk rnguskr dk mbtrusmùb. Ym df gkin, bf rnimon dfs ? SNW and bkrrkafr, y anon kanjës lkstkr ; SNW qun yk pfsnk. Ym nd eulkafr bf tmnbn SNW pkrk lkstkr, bf punan rnguskr dk mbtrusmùb. Nd bkrrkafr pfarêk akr SNW k dfs eulkafrns kd bkd
an dk snsmùb, f kd prmbimpmf an dk smlumnbtn, ifjf
I_MSQFY Yfb ub tmpf an bujnbnrk qun tmnbn ub usf jnbfr õbmif. Dfs pnrsfbkens ifbsmlunb y ddnvkb ifbsmlf Irmptfs aurkbtn nd eunlf. Bf sn punanb ddnvkr juigfs yk qun dk rkamkimùb qun njmtnb ns jfrtkd nb lrkbans ikbtmakans, f sus rnkiimfbns sfb mjprnanimodns iukbaf nstëb juy inrik ubfs an ftrfs. Kubqun nstf pkrnin ubk dmjmtkimùb juy lrkban, dfs irmptfs sn nbiunbtrkb ifb juigk `rniunbimk, ksê qun dfs eulkafrns bf anonb auakr nb uskrdfs nb iukbtf punakb. Gky afs tmpfs an Irmptfs5 dfs Kbfítmifs y dfs Fiõdtmifs. •Kbfítmifs5 Yfb smjpdns an uskr. Sunan snr ubk pêdafrk, ub pnqunûf amspfsmtmvf jkbukd ifb ub mbtnrruptfr, f ub nxpdfsmvf. •Fiõdtmifs5 sfb jës ifjpdnefs y pndmlrfsfs, pnrf k jnbuaf tmnbnb n`nitfs jës mbtnrnskbtns y n`nitmvfs. ^b irmptf fiõdtmif iunbtk ifjf ? irmptfs kd jfjnbtf an antnrjmbkr iuëbtfs punans tfdnrkr kd jmsjf tmnjpf.
FQ_FY AKAFY Kanjës and akaf an ?3, bninsmtkrës ub akaf an 0 ikrks (a0). Nb juy rkrks fiksmfbns, bninsmtkrës gkinr
ubk tmrkak pkrk ub bõjnrf nbtrn ; y ;33 (a;33 f a%), df iukd punans gkinr dkbzkbaf ub a?3 afs vnins y uskr nd õdtmjf aêlmtf an dk prmjnrk tmrkak ifjf —aninbks‚ y nd õdtmjf amlmtf an dk snlubak tmrkak ifjf —ubmakans‚. Sfr nenjpdf, fotnbnr ub ;< y ub = nb dks tmrkaks mbamikrêk qun fotuvmstn <=, fotnbnr ub 9 y ub ;7 nb dks tmrkaks mbamikrêk qun fotuvmstn 97, y fotnbnr ub ?3 y ub ;3
nb dks tmrkaks mbamikrêk qun fotuvmstn ub 33 (tkjomíb ifbfimaf ifjf ;33). Ym tmnbns ub a;3 (ub akaf an ;3 ikrks), punans uskrdf nb vnz and a?3 pkrk fotnbnr bõjnrfs nbtrn ; y ;33.
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI. 30
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
F L N ^ E D N A Y K D L N _
Irnkimùb an Snrsfbk�ns b ub eunlf an rfd, dfs eulkafrns mbtnrkitõkb ifb nd jubaf ansirmtf pfr nd bkrrkafr k trkvís an sus pnrsfbkens. Nddfs tnbarëb gkomdmakans, pnrsfbkdmakans n gmstfrmks amstmbtks qun kyuakrëb kd eulkafr k skonr quí pfarêk gkinr su pnrsfbken nb ikak smtukimùb. Nstk sniimùb nxpdmik iùjf irnkr tu pnrsfbken y iùjf ikak ktrmoutf k`nitk sus ikpkimakans.
pkrk rnauimr dk amiudtka.
KQ_MO^QFY
Pnbtkek5 Iukbaf sn rnqumnrn lkstkr pubtfs an rnsnrvk nb ubk kiimùb, dk Pnbtkek rnauin nd ifstf. Qkjomíb kpdmik pkrk nd Ns`unrzf. Sfr nenjpdf, dk nsftnrêk Igfqun rnqumnrn lkstkr ub pubtf an dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. Ym sn tmnbn ubk Pnbtkek an Mbtndnitf an ;, nd ifstf sn rnauin k 3. Qnbnr kdtk Pnbtkek nb ub ktrmoutf punan snr jnefr qun tnbnr kdtks rnsnrvks. Qu Pnbtkek punan snr am`nrnbtn pkrk ikak ktrmoutf. Sfr nenjpdf, punans tnbnr ubk Pnbtkek nb Sftnbimk an ;, ubk Pnbtkek nb Pndfimaka an ;, y ubk Pnbtkek nb Mbtndnitf an 3. Ymnjprn tnbarës ubk Pnbtkek an kd jnbfs ; nb kdlõb ktrmoutf. Qu Pnbtkek nb ub ktrmoutf rnauin nd ifstf an mbvnrtmr pubtfs an nsk rnsnrvk, pnrf bf an ftrk. ^bk vnz
N
Ikak eulkafr pfsnn trns ikrkitnrêstmiks prmbimpkdns, dks iukdns sfb ddkjkaks ktrmoutfs. Nstfs ktrmoutfs sfb Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, n Mbtndnitf. Yfb iktnlfrêks qun iuornb juigfs kspnitfs am`nrnbtns pnrf rndkimfbkafs an ikak pnrsfbken.
Sftnbimk5 Dk Sftnbimk anbn quí tkb `unrtn ns tu pnrsfbken. Dfs ifbinptfs an `unrzk, rnsmstnbimk, ifbstmtuimùb, y skdua nstëb tfafs mbidumafs nb nstn ktrmoutf. Dk Sftnbimk bf ns rndktmvk kd tkjkûf8 ns ubk jnamak kosfdutk. ^b ndn`kbtn tmnbn jës Sftnbimk qun nd tmlrn jës pftnbtn, nd iukd tmnbn jës Sftnbimk qun dk rktk jës pftnbtn, dk iukd ns jës pftnbtn qun dk krkûk jës pftnbtn. Dk Sftnbimk ns dk qun kyuak k `frzkr punrtks, f k ikjmbkr pfr aêks smb kdmjnbtf, f rnsmstmr nb`nrjnakans. Ns tkjomíb dk `frjk an skonr quí tkbtf akûf punan rnsmstmr tu pnrsfbken nb ubk smtukimùb pndmlrfsk. Dfs pnrsfbkens `unrtns, ruafs n mbtnrnskafs nb dk oktkddk anonb nb`fikrsn nb dk Sftnbimk. Pndfimaka5 Dk Pndfimaka ansirmon quí tkb rëpmaf y amnstrf ns tu pnrsfbken. Nstn ktrmoutf mbiduyn rkpmanz, ifframbkimùb, anstrnzk, nqumdmormf y rnnefs. Dk vndfimaka
kyuak nb kiimfbns tkb amvnrsks ifjf nsqumvkr ktkquns, jfvnrsn `urtmvkjnbtn y dkbzkr foentfs ifb prnimsmùb. Kyuak tkjomíb k antnrjmbkr iuëbtf punans kvkbzkr nb tu turbf. Dfs pnrsfbkens dmlnrfs, rëpmafs f nsiurrmamzfs qunrrëb ounbks rnsnrvks an Pndfimaka, ksê ifjf kqunddfs mbtnrnskafs nb ifjoktn k amstkbimk. Mbtndnitf5 Nstn ktrmoutf antnrjmbk quí tkb mbtndmlnbtn, ifbfinafr, y smjpëtmif ns tu pnrsfbken. Mbiduyn mbtndmlnbimk, skomaurêk, ikrmsjk, nauikimùb, rkzfbkjmnbtf, klmdmaka jnbtkd, `unrzk an vfdubtka y nbikbtf. Nd Mbtndnitf kyuak k rnsfdvnr kinrtmefs, rnifrakr gnigfs, animr jnbtmrks ifbvmbinbtnjnbtn, y uskr pfanrns jnbtkdns. Dfs pnrsfbkens mbtnrnskafs nb ifjubmikrsn n`nitmvkjnbtn, snr nstuamfsfs nruamtfs, y utmdmzkr dk bujnbnrk, anonrëb mbirnjnbtkr sus rnsnrvks an Mbtndnitf.
_nsnrvk, Pnbtkek y Ns`unrzf Ikak ktrmoutf tmnbn afs ifjpfbnbtns5 dk rnsnrvk y dk Pnbtkek. Dk rnsnrvk rnprnsnbtk ubk ikpkimaka mbbktk, y dk Pnbtkek rnprnsnbtk quí tkb omnb skons uskr df qun tmnbns. ^b tnrinr ndnjnbtf sn rndkimfbk ifb nstn ifbinptf5 Ns`unrzf5 Iukbaf rnkdjnbtn bninsmtks qun nd L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
3<
_nsnrvk5 Ns nd bõjnrf qun pnrjmtn ifjpkrkr k afs pnrsfbkens pkrk skonr iuëd ns jnefr nb imnrtf ktrmoutf. Iukbaf ub pnrsfbken ns dkstmjkaf, pmnran pubtfs nb su rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka f Mbtndnitf, anpnbamnbaf and tmpf an akûf qun rnimok. Qkjomíb sn punanb lkstkr pubtfs an dk rnsnrvk pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk
kiimùb. Yn punan ansikbskr pkrk rniupnrkr pubtfs an rnsnrvk, ifjf tkjomíb uskr aftns f bujnbnrk pkrk nddf.
qun dk Pnbtkek an ub ktrmoutf dd nlun k 9, punans kpdmikr
ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf smb ifstf. ^b pnrsfbken qun tnblk okeks rnsnrvks an Sftnbimk, pnrf kdtk Pnbtkek nb Sftnbimk, tmnbn jës prfokomdmakans an tnbnr íxmtf rnkdmzkbaf kiimfbns qun rnqumnrkb Sftnbimk qun kdlumnb ifb ubk Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk 3. ^bk kdtk Pnbtkek pnrjmtmrë rnauimr nd ifstf an Mbvnrtmr pubtfs an dk rnsnrvk, df qun smlbmik qun tnbarë jës pubtfs
amspfbmodns pkrk mbvnrtmr nb Ns`unrzf.
Ns`unrzf5 Iukbaf rnkdjnbtn bninsmtks qun nd pnrsfbken rnkdmin ubk kiimùb, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk rnauimr dk amiudtka. Skrk ub pnrsfbken qun kpnbks ifjmnbzk, kpdmikr Ns`unrzf mjpdmik mbvnrtmr 9 pubtfs an
dk rnsnrvk kprfpmkak an ub ktrmoutf. Ksê, sm ub pnrsfbken trktk an nsqumvkr ub ktkqun (ubk tmrkak an Pndfimaka) y qumnrn kujnbtkr dks prfokomdmakans an íxmtf, punan kpdmikr Ns`unrzf mbvmrtmnbaf 9 pubtfs an su rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. Nd Ns`unrzf amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an ubk
tkrnk nb ;. Nstf sn ddkjk kpdmikr ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf. Bf sn tmnbn qun kpdmikr Ns`unrzf nb tfaks dks kiimfbns, pnrf sm df kpdmiks, anons kbubimkrdf KBQNY an t mrkr nd akaf. Yn punanb kpdmikr tkbtfs lrkafs an Ns`unrzf ifjf sn ansnnb y ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf kpdmikaf rnauin dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb ;. Kpdmikr ub lrkaf an ns`unrzf amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb ;, kpdmikr ? lrkafs amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka nb ?, y ksê
suinsmvkjnbtn. Ymb njokrlf, ikak bmvnd an Ns`unrzf anspuís and prmjnrf, sùdf iunstk ? pubtfs an dk rnsnrvk nb vnz an 9. Ksê qun kpdmikr afs bmvndns an Ns`unrzf iunstk > pubtfs (9 and prmjnr bmvnd jës ? and snlubaf bmvnd), kpdmikr trns bmvndns iunstk < pubtfs (9 jës ? jës
?), y ksê suinsmvkjnbtn. Ikak pnrsfbken tmnbn ub dêjmtn an Ns`unrzf, nd iukd
mbamik nd bõjnrf jëxmjf an lrkafs an Ns`unrzf qun punan kpdmikr k ubk tmrkak. Nb pnrsfbkens an iktnlfrêk ; sùdf sn pnrjmtn ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf. Nb iktnlfrêks supnrmfrns, dfs lrkafs an Ns`unrzf qun ub pnrsfbken punan rnkdmzkr kujnbtkb. ^b pnrsfbken jës nxpnrmjnbtkaf tmnbn ub dêjmtn jës kdtf an Ns`unrzf y punan kpdmikr jës lrkafs an Ns`unrzf k ubk tmrkak. Sfr nenjpdf, ub pnrsfbken qun tmnbn ub dêjmtn an 9 lrkafs
an Ns`unrzf punan kpdmikr gkstk trns lrkafs an Ns`unrzf pkrk rnauimr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk.
Iukbaf kpdmquns Ns`unrzf, rnstk dk Pnbtkek ifrrnspfbamnbtn kd ifstf and Ns`unrzf. Sfr nenjpdf, amlkjfs qun bninsmtks gkinr ubk tmrkak an Pndfimaka. Skrk mbirnjnbtkr dks prfokomdmakans an tnbnr íxmtf, animans kpdmikr ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf, df iukd rnauimrë k amiudtka an dk tkrnk nb ;. Bfrjkdjnbtn, nstf ifstkrêk 9
pubtfs an tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. Ymb njokrlf, tmnbns ubk Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka an ?, ksê qun sustrkns nsk ikbtmaka and ifstf. An nstk jkbnrk, kpdmikr Ns`unrzf k dk tmrkak sùdf tn iunstk ; pubtf an tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. ¶[uí pkskrêk sm kpdmikrks afs lrkafs an Ns`unrzf k dk tmrkak an Pndfimaka nb vnz an ubf6 Nstf rnauimrêk dk
amiudtka an dk tkrnk nb ?. Bfrjkdjnbtn, nstf ifstkrêk >
pubtfs an tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka, pnrf dunlf an rnstkr dk Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka an ?, sùdf iunstk 9 pubtfs. ^bk vnz qun dk Pnbtkek an ub ktrmoutf ddnlun k 9,
punans kpdmikr ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf smb ifstf. Yn punan kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk klrnlkr n`nitfs k dks kiimfbns (tujokr k ub fpfbnbtn, anskrjkrdf, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Ns`unrzf y Akûf Qkjomíb sn punan kûkamr Ns`unrzf pkrk gkinr 9 pubtfs
an akûf kamimfbkdns, f ? pubtfs sm ns ub ktkqun an ërnk. Nb nsn iksf, sm kdlubk irmkturk rnsmstn nd ktkqun an ërnk kõb rnimon ; pubtf an akûf.
Judtmpdns usfs and Ns`unrzf y dk Pnbtkek Ym tu dêjmtn an Ns`unrzf ns an ? f jës, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf k jõdtmpdns kspnitfs an ubk sfdk kiimùb. Sfr nenjpdf, sm gkins ub ktkqun, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf k tu tmrkak an ktkqun y kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf. Nd jfbtf tftkd an Ns`unrzf qun punans kpdmikr bf punan snr jës kdtf qun nd dêjmtn an Ns`unrzf. Sfr nenjpdf, sm tu dêjmtn an Ns`unrzf ns ?, punans kpdmikr gkstk ? lrkafs an Ns`unrzf. Sunans kpdmikr ub lrkaf k dk tmrkak an ktkqun y ub lrkaf kd akûf, afs lrkafs kd ktkqun y bmblõb lrkaf kd akûf, f bmblõb lrkaf kd ktkqun y afs lrkafs kd akûf. Yùdf punans kpdmikr dk Pnbtkek an ub ktrmoutf ubk sfdk vnz pfr kiimùb. Sfr nenjpdf, sm kpdmiks Ns`unrzf k ubk tmrkak an Sftnbimk y kd akûf, punans uskr dk Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk pkrk rnauimr nd ifstf an ubf an nsfs usfs an Ns`unrzf, bf k kjofs.
IDKYN ANYI_MSQF_ ] YMBL^DK_MAKA Skrk irnkr ub pnrsfbken df qun sn anon gkinr ns ifbstrumr ubk frkimùb qun df ansirmok. Dk frkimùb sn gkin an nstk `frjk5 —Yfy ub (Mbtrfauin ub prfbfjorn) (Mbtrfauin ub kaentmvf) qun (Mbtrfauin ub vnrof)‚. An nstk jkbnrk qunak —Yfy ub Srfbfjorn Kaentmvf qun Pnrof‚. Nd prfbfjorn ns dk idksn Nd kaentmvf ns nd ansirmptfr Nd vnrof ns dk smbludkrmaka •Dk idksn ns df prmjnrf qun sn anon nsiflnr. Dk idksn
antnrjmbk nd pkpnd qun eunlk nd pnrsfbken nb nd jubaf y su rndkimùb ifb nd rnstf an dk lnbtn. Ns nd prfbfjorn
Ifjpntnbimks Kdlubks vnins tu pnrsfbken sn vundvn ifjpntnbtn pkrk kdlubk tkrnk nspniê`mik f amsimpdmbk. Sfr nenjpdf, tu smbludkrmaka punan mjpdmikr qun nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks `urtmvks, nsikdkr, skdtkr, f pkrk mbtnrkiimfbns sfimkdns. Ftrks vnins, tu pnrsfbken punan nsiflnr gkinrsn ifjpntnbtn pkrk kdlubk tkrnk f amsimpdmbk, y punans sndniimfbkr kdlubk gkomdmaka qun nstí rndkimfbkak ifb kdlubk tkrnk qun anoks nb`rnbtkr. Nd eunlf bf f`rnin ubk dmstk an gkomdmakans f amsimpdmbks an`mbmtmvk. Ymb njokrlf, dk smlumnbtn dmstk punan akr kdlubks manks5
Kstrfbfjêk Jkbtnbnr nd Nqumdmormf Omfdflêk Oftëbmik Dnvkbtkr Snsf Nsikdkr f Qrnpkr Nblkûkr
Nsikpkr Lnflrk`êk Lnfdflêk Ykbkimùb Gmstfrmk Manbtm`mikr Mbmimktmvk
Mbtmjmakimùb Ykdtkr Qrkokef nb Iunrf Kormr Inrrkaurks Gnrrnrêk Bujnbnrk Snrinpimùb
@mdfsf`êk Gurtkr _npkrkr Ikokdlkr Nsikouddmrsn Bkakr Ikrpmbtnrêk.
Sunans nsiflnr snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka qun mbifrpfrn jës an ubk an nstks ërnks (Mbtnrkitukr punan mbidumr Nblkûkr, Mbtmjmakr y Snrsukamr), f qun snk ubk vnrsmùb jës nspniê`mik an kdlubk (Nsifbanrsn punan snr ubk vnrsmùb an Nsikouddmrsn pnrf smb jfvnrsn). Sunans tkjomíb mbvnbtkr kdlubk ifjpntnbimk jës prf`nsmfbkd y lnbnrkd, ifjf Skbkanrf, Jkrmbnrf f Dnûkafr. _niunrak qun sm nsiflns f dflrks snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Anomaf k qun dks ansirmpimfbns an dks ifjpntnbimks tmnbnb an`mbmimfbns juy `dnxmodns, antnrjmbkr sm tu pnrsfbken ns ifjpntnbtn f nspnimkdmzkaf nb kdlf pfarêk rnqunrmr kdlf an rn`dnxmùb. Sfr nenjpdf, sm nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk jnbtmr, y dunlf fotmnbns ubk aftn qun tn ifb`mnrn ifjpntnbimks nb tfaks dks mbtnrkiimfbns sfimkdns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf nb jnbtmr y ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks anjës. Lkbkr ifjpntnbimks nb ubk gkomdmaka 9 vnins bf ns jnefr qun ? vnins (Nb ftrks pkdkorks, sùdf sn punan ddnlkr k snr nspnimkdmzkaf). Yùdf dks gkomdmakans ifb`nrmaks k trkvís an aftns an idksn, ifjf dfs jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn and ldkamf, aftns an smbludkrmakans, u ftrks mbstkbimks nspniê`miks, tn pnrjmtnb lkbkr ifjpntnbimks nb jkbmforks an ktkqun y an`nbsk.
37
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A B Ù M I K N _ I
nb dk `rksn —Yfy ub Srfbfjorn Kaentmvf qun Pnrof‚. Gky trns idksns pkrk nsiflnr5 Ldkamf, Msf y Bkbf. •Nd ansirmptfr anbn k tu pnrsfbken y jktmzk tfaf
df qun gkin. Ns df qun ifdfik kd pnrsfbken nb dk smtukimùb nb qun nstë y ns nd kaentmvf nb dk `rksn —Yfy ub Srfbfjorn Kaentmvf qun Pnrof‚. Gky ;? ansirmptfrns an pnrsfbkens pkrk nsiflnr nb nstk luêk. •Dk smbludkrmaka ns nb df qun tu pnrsfbken sn anstkik. Dk smbludkrmaka dn ak nspnimimaka kd pnrsfbken, y
prfvnn bunvks n mbtnrnskbtns aftns. Ns nd vnrof nb dk `rksn —Yfy ub Srfbfjorn Kaentmvf qun Pnrof‚. Gky ?= smbludkrmakans pkrk nsiflnr nb nstk luêk.
Aftns Nspnimkdns Dk Idksn y Ymbludkrmaka an ub pnrsfbken dn ifbnrnb k
dfs pnrsfbkens aftns nspnimkdns nb ikak bunvk iktnlfrêk. Nd usf an nstks aftns usukdjnbtn ifbsujn pubtfs an dk rnsnrvk an tus ktrmoutfs. Nstn ifbsujf an dk rnsnrvk sn punan rnauimr ifb Pnbtkek. Amlkjfs qun ub Bkbf, ifb Pnbtkek an ? nb Mbtndnitf, qumnrn uskr su aftn ddkjkak Igfqun pkrk irnkr ub rkyf an `unrzk y ktkikr k ub fpfbnbtn. Nstf dn ifstkrêk ub pubtf an Mbtndnitf. Qkjomíb qumnrn mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf and ktkqun uskbaf ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf, df qun dn iunstk 9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. Nd ifstf tftkd an su kiimùb
ns ? pubtfs an su rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf (; pubtf and rkyf an `unrzk, jës 9 pubtfs pfr uskr Ns`unrzf jnbfs ?
pubtfs pfr su Pnbtkek). K vnins nd ifstf nb pubtfs an ubk aftn tmnbn ub smlbf (+) anspuís and bõjnrf. Sfr nenjpdf, nd ifstf punan nstkr rnprnsnbtkaf ifjf —?+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf‚. Nstf smlbmik qun punans lkstkr jës pubtfs f jës bmvndns an
Ns`unrzf pkrk jnefrkr kõb jës dk aftn.
Kiimùb5 Kdlubks aftns pnrjmtnb rnkdmzkr ubk kiimùb qun bfrjkdjnbtn bf punans gkinr, ifjf ktkikr k nbnjmlfs jõdtmpdns. Kitmvkr nsk gkomdmaka rnprnsnbtk ubk õbmik kiimùb nb sê aurkbtn ub nbiunbtrf. Nb dk ansirmpimùb an dk aftn amrë —Kiimùb‚ pkrk rnifrakrtn. Qkjomíb pfarêks nbifbtrkr mb`frjkimùb kinrik an iùjf y iuëbaf punans rnkdmzkr amigk kiimùb. @kiudtka5 Kdlubks aftns tn pnrjmtmrëb rnkdmzkr kiimfbns qun yk pfaêks gkinr, pnrf an jkbnrk am`nrnbtn. Nd usf an nstks aftns bf sfb kiimfbns. Dks `kiudtkans punanb `ubimfbkr ifbstkbtnjnbtn f kitmvkrsn ifjf pkrtn an ftrk kiimùb. Nb dk ansirmpimùb an dk aftn amrë —@kiudtka‚ pkrk rnifrakrtn.
Iktnlfrêks an pnrsfbkens y Onbn`mimfs Qfafs dfs pnrsfbkens ifjmnbzkb nb dk iktnlfrêk ;. Dk iktnlfrêk ns ubk jnamak and pfanr y ikpkimakans and pnrsfbken. Dfs pnrsfbkens punanb kvkbzkr gkstk dk iktnlfrêk 0. K jnamak qun tu pnrsfbken kvkbzk k
iktnlfrêks jës ndnvkaks, fotmnbns jës gkomdmakans, mbirnjnbtks nd dêjmtn an Ns`unrzf, y punans jnefrkr dk Pnbtkek an ub ktrmoutf f kujnbtkr ubk rnsnrvk. Nb tírjmbfs lnbnrkdns, kub dfs pnrsfbkens an iktnlfrêk ; sfb juy gkomdmafsfs. Skrk prflrnskr k dk iktnlfrêk supnrmfr, ub pnrsfbken anon njokrikrsn nb kvnbturks y gkinr ansiuormjmnbtfs pkrk lkbkr pubtfs an nxpnrmnbimk (SNW). Dfs pubtfs an nxpnrmnbimk (SNW) tmnbnb juigfs usfs, y ubf an nddfs ns mbtnrikjomkrdfs pfr onbnimfs pkrk nd pnrsfbken. ^bk vnz qun tu pnrsfbken kaqumnrk 1 onbnimfs, ksimnban ubk iktnlfrêk. Ikak onbnimf iunstk 1 SNW, y punans L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
3=
kaqumrmrdfs nb iukdqumnr franb, pnrf anons kaqumrmr ubf an ikak tmpf (dunlf an df iukd kvkbzks k dk prùxmjk iktnlfrêk) kbtns an pfanr kaqumrmr nd jmsjf onbnimf an bunvf. Dfs 1 onbnimfs sfb dfs smlumnbtns5
Mbirnjnbtkr Ikpkimakans5 Fotmnbns 1 pubtfs pkrk kûkamr k tus rnsnrvks. Yn punanb amstrmoumr ifjf sn ansnn nbtrn Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka n Mbtndnitf. Kvkbzkbaf gkimk dk Snr`niimùb5 Yn kûkan ; k ubk Pnbtkek and ktrmoutf qun sn qumnrk (Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka f Mbtndnitf). Ns`unrzf Nxtrk5 Nd dêjmtn an ns`unrzf sn mbirnjnbtk nb ;. Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks, qun bf snk an ktkqun f an`nbsk. Nstf smrvn pkrk okekr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk rndkimfbkak
ifb amigk amsimpdmbk nb ;. Dk ifjpntnbimk qun
nsifeks pkrk nstn onbnimf punan snr pkrk iukdqumnr
tkrnk f amsimpdmbk, ifjf nsikdkr, skdtkr, pnrsuksmùb, f nsikouddmrsn. Sunans tkjomíb nsiflnr tnbnr ifbfimjmnbtfs nb ërnks ifjf gmstfrmk f lnfdflêk. Mbidusf punans nsiflnr snr ifjpntnbtn pkrk kitmvkr tus aftns y gkomdmakans nspnimkdns. Sfr nenjpdf, sm tu pnrsfbken punan uskr Igfqun, punans nsiflnr snr ifjpntnbtn pkrk uskr nsk aftn, rnauimnbaf dk amiudtka
an uskrdk nb ;. Ym sn nsifln ubk ifjpntnbimk ? v nins, nd pnrsfbken sn vundvn nspnimkdmzkaf nb nsk ifjpntnbimk y punan rnauimr dk amiudtka nb ?. Bf sn punan mr jës kddë
an dk nspnimkdmzkimùb.
Dfs eulkafrns punanb tkjomíb mbvnrtmr 1 SNW nb ftrks fpimfbns nspnimkdns nb dulkr an kaqumrmr bunvks ifjpntnbimks. Yndniimfbkr ubk an dks smlumnbtns fpimfbns iunbtk ifjf nd onbn`mimf an ifjpntnbimk pkrk kvkbzkr k dk prùxmjk iktnlfrêk. Dks fpimfbns nspnimkdns sfb dks smlumnbtns5 •_nauimr nd ifstf an pfrtkr krjkaurk. Nstk fpimùb
rnauin nd ifstf an Sftnbimk pfr gfrk pfr pfrtkr krjkaurk y dk rnauiimùb an dk rnsnrvk an vndfimaka nb ;. •Kûkamr ? k dks tmrkaks an rniupnrkimùb. •Nsiflnr ub bunvf Jfvmjmnbtf an Ifjoktn,
Nsftnrêk f Ynirntf and F`mimf. Nd jfvmjmnbtf, nsftnrêk f snirntf and f`mimf, anon snr an tu jmsjk iktnlfrêk f kbtnrmfr.
IDKYNY AN SN_YFBKENY
Dk idksn ns nd pubtf an pkrtmak an tu pnrsfbken. Qu idksn tn kyuak k antnrjmbkr nd dulkr qun fiupk tu pnrsfbken nb nd jubaf y su rndkimùb ifb nd rnstf an dks pnrsfbks. Ns nd prfbfjorn nb dk `rksn —sfy ub prfbfjorn kaentmvf qun vnrof‚. Sunans nsiflnr ubk an dks trns idksns pkrk tu pnrsfbken5 ldkamf, bkbf n msf.
Ldkamf
Dfs ldkamfs sfb dfs lunrrnrfs ídmtn and Bfvnbf Jubaf, y sfb qumnbns uskb krjkjnbtf y krjkaurk pkrk pndnkr ifb sus nbnjmlfs. Ikzkafrns, lukramkbns, y sfdakafs pfarêkb snr ldkamfs. Kdlubks vnins, dfs nxpdfrkafrns, ikuamddfs, okbamafs, n mbidusf dfs ktdntks sfb ldkamfs. Kubqun —ldkamf‚ ns ub tírjmbf uskaf nb iksm tfafs dkafs pkrk ansmlbkr k iukdqumnr pnrsfbk gkomdmafsk ifb dks
Ktrmoutfs and Ldkamf
jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn, nd ansirmptfr y dk smbludkrmaka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Qmnbns ub tkdnbtf nspnimkd pkrk dk duigk y punans neniutkr prfnzks qun ftrfs kpnbks punanb mjklmbkr. Nstks aftns sfb ddkjkaks jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn. Kdlubfs jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn sfb n`nitfs ifbstkbtns y ifbtmbufs, y ftrfs sfb kiimfbns nspniêiks qun bfrjkdjnbtn tmnbnb ub ifstf
Fotmnbns 0 pubtfs kamimfbkdns pkrk rnpkrtmrdfs nbtrn dfs ktrmoutfs ifjf qumnrks.
krjks f kdlõb krtn jkrimkd, nb rnkdmaka sùdf sn kpdmik pkrk df jnefr an df jnefr. Dfs ldkamfs sfb lunrrnrfs qun afjmbkb anstrnzks juy supnrmfrns k dks an iukdqumnr pnrsfbk ifb ubk nspkak. Dk jkyfrêk an dfs ldkamfs sfb `unrtns, uskb dks krjkaurks y krjks jës pnskaks qun nstíb a mspfbmodns, y pfsnnb kdtk Sftnbimk. Qkjomíb dfs gky rëpmafs, prnrmnbaf krjks y krjkaurks dmlnrks, y kdtfs pubtkens an Pndfimaka. Kdlubfs prnnrnb uskr tkbtf Sftnbimk
ifjf Pndfimaka, jkbtnbmnbaf ub pubtf mbtnrjnamf. Dfs ldkamfs tkjomíb punanb uskr krjks an amstkbimk ifjf krifs f akrafs, y kdlubfs bf anpnbanb an bmblõb krjk, prnrmnbaf uskr sus iunrpfs nb ifjoktns jkbf k jkbf.
Ldkamfs nb nd lrupf5 Nb ubk iukarmddk an nxpdfrkafrns, dfs ldkamfs bfrjkdjnbtn ksujnb nd dmanrkzlf. Yfb bfrjkdjnbtn dfs jës kptfs `êsmikjnbtn, dfs jës rnsmstnbtns, y dfs qun nstëb jës dmstfs pkrk nb`rnbtkr dfs pndmlrfs vkdmnbtnjnbtn. K vnins ksujnb ubk kitmtua prftnitfrk ifb sus ifjpkûnrfs, ftrks vnins sn mbtnrnskb jës nb sê jmsjfs. An iukdqumnr jkbnrk, nd dulkr an ub ldkamf nstë nb nd jnamf an dk duigk.
Iktnlfrêks and Ldkamf Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk ; Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk ; tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5 Ns`unrzf5 ; Duigkafr5 Qmnbns Pnbtkek ; nb Sftnbimk. Pnbtkek ; nb Pndfimaka. Pnbtkek 3 nb Mbtndnitf. ^sf an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr ? irmptfs k dk vnz. Kaniukaf k dks Krjkaurks5 Dfs ldkamfs punanb pfrtkr krjkaurk pfr dkrlfs pnrêfafs an tmnjpf smb ikbskrsn. Nstf smlbmik qun dks d mjmtkimfbns k
su ikpkimaka an rnkiimùb pfr pfrtkr krjkaurk sfb ktnbukaks. Sunans uskr iukdqumnr tmpf an krjkaurk. Yn rnauin nd ifstf an Sftnbimk pfr gfrk pfr pfrtkr krjkaurk y dk rnauiimùb an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka nb ?. @kiudtka. Kaniukaf k Qfaks dks Krjks5 Sunans uskr iukdqumnr krjk. @kiudtka. Ifjpntnbimks @êsmiks5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks qun rnqumnrkb jkbtnbnr nd nqumdmormf, nsikdkr, skdtkr f bkakr. @kiudtka. Nqumpf Mbmimkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb rfpks, afs krjks (f ub krjk y ub nsiuaf), krjkaurk dmlnrk f jnamk, ub nqumpf an nxpdfrkafr, ? irmptfs (nsiflmafs pfr nd bkrrkafr), ubk _krnzk (nsiflmak pfr nd bkrrkafr), y > jfbnaks. Ym
ifjmnbzks ifb ub krjk qun rnqumnrk jubmimfbns, tmnbns ;?. Kbtns an sndniimfbkr dks krjks, krjkaurk y nqumpf amvnrsf, anonrêks gkinrdf anspuís an gkonr nsiflmaf dfs
nb pubtfs an kdlubk an tus rnsnrvks. Nsifln ? an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn. Bf punans nsiflnr nd jmsjf jfvmjmnbtf an ifjoktn afs vnins k jnbfs qun dk ansirmpimùb mbamqun ftrk ifsk. •Mjpkitf (; pubtf an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub ktkqun an jndnn qun ikusk ubk ifbtusmùb. Yn punan akr ifb f smb krjkjnbtf. Nd ktkqun gkin ub pubtf jnbfs an akûf an df bfrjkd, pnrf kturan k tu fpfbnbtn pfr ubk vundtk. Qfaks dks tkrnks qun nd fpfbnbtn mbtnbtn rnkdmzkr aurkbtn nsn tmnjpf tmnbnb ubk jfamikimùb nb ; lrkaf an amiudtka nb su ifbtrk. •Amnstrf smb Krjks5 Iukbaf gklks ub ktkqun smb
krjks (ifjf ub puûntkzf f ubk pktkak), iunbtk ifjf ub krjk jnamk nb vnz an ubk dmlnrk. @kiudtka. •Ktrkvnskr (; pubtf an Pndfimaka)5 Ns ub ktkqun k amstkbimk, pnbntrkbtn y prnimsf. Gkins ; pubtf kamimfbkd an akûf ifb tu ktkqun sm tu krjk tmnbn ubk pubtk
kdkak. Kiimùb. •Nstfikak (; pubtf an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub pfanrfsf
ktkqun pnbntrkbtn an jndnn qun sn gkin mjpudskbaf vmfdnbtkjnbtn dk pubtk and krjk gkimk tu fpfbnbtn. Gkins ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd sm tu krjk tmnbn ubk
pubtk f ofran kdkaf. Kiimùb. •Nbtrnbkjmnbtf smb Krjkaurk5 Ykons nvkamr ktkquns ifb tus lrkbans rnnefs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn rnkdmzkbaf
jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka iukbaf bf usks krjkaurk. @kiudtka.
Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk ? Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk ? tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5 Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun nb nd iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. @kiudtka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn an prmjnrk iktnlfrêk ifb ftrf jfvmjmnbtf an prmjnrk iktnlfrêk am`nrnbtn. •Inrinbkr (? pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub pfanrfsf jfvmjmnbtf an ifrtn, prfokodnjnbtn vnrtmikd, ifb ub krjk an gfek. Anons sfstnbnr tu krjk ifb kjoks jkbfs pkrk inrinbkr. Iukbaf rnkdmins nstn ktkqun, rnimons ubk pnbkdmzkimùb an -; k dk tm rkak an ktkqun, pnrf mbmlns 9
pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkd. Kiimùb. •Kpdkstkr (? pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub pfanrfsf ktkqun ifbtubanbtn, prfokodnjnbtn vnrtmikd, ifb ub krjk an mjpkitf. Anons sfstnbnr tu krjk ifb kjoks jkbfs pkrk kpdkstkr (Ym nstës duigkbaf smb krjks, nstn ktkqun anon gkinrsn ifb kjoks jkbfs f kjofs pmns eubtfs). Iukbaf rnkdmins nstn ktkqun, rnimons ubk pnbkdmzkimùb an -; k dk tm rkak an ktkqun, n mbmlns 9
pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkd. Kiimùb.
;3
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
•_nikrlkr (; pubtf an Pndfimaka)5 Iukbaf nstís uskbaf ub krjk qun rnqumnrk ubk kiimùb pkrk rnikrlkr, ifjf ubk okddnstk pnskak, punans rnikrlkr y amspkrkr (f amspkrkr y rnikrlkr) ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb. @kiudtka. •Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb An`nbsk5 Nsifln ub tmpf an jkbmfork an an`nbsk pkrk dk iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn5 Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf. Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk dks jkbmforks an an`nbsk an nsn tmpf. K am `nrnbimk an dk jkyfrêk an dfs jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn, punans nsiflnr nstn jfvmjmnbtf gkstk 9 vnins. Ikak vnz qun
df ndmeks, anons nsiflnr ub tmpf am`nrnbtn an jkbmfork an`nbsmvk. @kiudtka. •Ktkqun Yuinsmvf (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Kd dmqumakr k ub nbnjmlf, kujnbtk tu êjpntu nb dk oktkddk. Ym ndmjmbks k ub fpfbnbtn, punans gkinr ftrf ktkqun mbjnamktkjnbtn nb nd jmsjf turbf ifbtrk ub bunvf fpfbnbtn qun nstí k tu kdikbin. Nd snlubaf ktkqun ns pkrtn an dk jmsjk kiimùb. Sunans uskr nstn jfvmjmnbtf an ifjoktn ifb ktkquns an jndnn y an prfynitmdns. @kiudtka.
Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk 9 Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk 9 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Nxpnrtf an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 9 irmptfs k dk vnz. Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun nb nd iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. @kiudtka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrf jfvmjmnbtf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Nxpnrmnbimk ifb Krjkaurks5 Dk rnauiimùb and ifstf prfvmstk pfr dk aftn Kaniukaf k dk Krjkaurk jnefrk. Kgfrk sn rnauin nd ifstf an Sftnbimk pfr gfrk y dk rnauiimùb an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka nb 9. @kiudtka. •Krrnjntmak (? pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Nxtmnbans tu
iunrpf pkrk gkinr qun tu krjk pnbntrn ifb nbnrlêk nb dk krjkaurk and fpfbnbtn. Dk mbusukd krrnjntmak kujnbtk dk amiudtka and ktkqun nb ;. Snrf sm tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkdns. Kiimùb. •Ynlkr (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Nstn ktkqun rëpmaf
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
ubk anjfstrkimùb an tmrf nxpnrtf. Ifjf pkrtn an ubk kiimùb, gkins ub ktkqun k amstkbimk ifbtrk afs fpfbnbtns qun nstíb k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk nbtrn sê. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Dk amiudtka an ikak
tmrkak an ktkqun sn mbirnjnbtk nb ;. Kiimùb.
Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk 1 Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk 1 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun nb nd iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. @kiudtka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrf jfvmjmnbtf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk.
sn rnkdmzk ifb ub krjk an gfek f an kstk. Ns ub ktkqun gfrmzfbtkd pkrk ifrtkr dk krjkaurk and fpfbnbtn, y ns
akûf kamimfbkd. @kiudtka.
am`êimd an nsqumvkr. Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln ; pubtf an
fotmnbns +; kd odmbaken. @kiudtka.
dk prfokomdmaka an kinrtkr. Nstn jfvmjmnbtf bninsmtk ;a0
iunrpf ifbtrk nsn fpfbnbtn. Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an
akûf jnbfs qun df bfrjkd. Kiimùb. •_ë`klk (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ym ub krjk tmnbn dk gkomdmaka an gkinr amspkrfs rëpmafs smb tnbnr qun rnikrlkr (usukdjnbtn ifbfimak ifjf krjk an rnpntmimùb, ifjf dk okddnstk an jkbmvndk), punans gkinr ubk rë`klk an amspkrfs jõdtmpdns gkimk ub foentmvf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr +; prfynitmdns (f tfaks dks jubmimfbns qun ifbtnblk nd krjk sm tmnbn jnbfs qun nd bõjnrf fotnbmaf). Dk
amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln ; pubtf an akûf jnbfs qun df
bfrjkd. Kiimùb.
•Qmrf an Nxgmomimùb (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ns
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
;;
•Lunrrnrf Amnstrf5 Qus ktkquns mbmlnb ; pubtf an •An`nbsfr Nxpnrmjnbtkaf Nxpnrmjnbtkaf55 Iukbaf usns krjkaurks,
•@mbtk (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ifb`ubans k tu fpfbnbtn y ktkiks iukbaf okek dk lukramk. Ym anamiks ubk kiimùb pkrk irnkr ubk amstrkiimùb f ansvmkr su ktnbimùb, nb dk prùxmjk vundtk punans kprfvnigkr qun tu fpfbnbtn okeù sus an`nbsks. Gkz ubk tmrkak an ktkqun iunrpf k
akûf kamimfbkdns. Kiimùb. •Jnbfr k Jkyfr5 Nsifln ; tmpf an ktkqun kd lkbkr nstk aftn (Sftnbimk f Pndfimaka). Kd fotnbnr ;= f ?3 nb iukdqumnr tmrkak an nsn tmpf an ktkqun, ifbsmaírkdf smnjprn ub ?3. Nstf tn pnrjmtn fotnbnr n`nitfs jkyfrns iukbaf skquns ;= f ?3 nb tus tmrkaks. @kiudtka.
Ifbnxmùb and Ldkamf Dkbzk ub a?3 f nsifln an dk smlumnbtn dmstk pkrk antnrjmbkr ub `rkljnbtf an mb`frjkimùb nspniê`mik kinrik an tu pkskaf qun nstkodnzik ubk ifbnxmùb ifb nd rnstf and jubaf. Sunans tkjomíb irnkr tus prfpmfs kbtninanbtns.
•Kpubtkr (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Qn tfjks tu tmnjpf
pkrk uomikr nd odkbif. Ym anamiks ubk kiimùb k kpubtkr, kujnbtk dk prnimsmùb an tu ktkqun nb dk prùxmjk vundtk.
rnpntmimùb, ifjf dk okddnstk an jkbmvndk), punans amspkrkr tu krjk ifbtrk ub jëxmjf an 9 foentmvfs. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Dk amiudtka an ikak tmrkak
Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkdns.
an ktkqun sn mbirnjnbtk nb ;. Kiimùb.
Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk >
an amiudtka 1 pkrk ndnvkrtn nb nd kmrn ifjf pkrtn an tu ktkqun iunrpf k iunrpf. Ym df dflrks, tu ktkqun mbmln 9 pubtfs kamimfbkdns an akûf, y anrrmok k t u fpfbnbtn.
Kiimùb.
Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk > tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Gkomtukd an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 1 irmptfs k dk vnz. Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun, mbidusf ubf pkrk nd iukd yk snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. Ym yk nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsn tmpf an ktkquns, nb vnz an nddf tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf nb nsn tmpf an ktkqun. @kiudtka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrf jfvmjmnbtf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •_ë`klk Iurvk (9 Iurvk (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ym ub krjk
tmnbn dk gkomdmaka an gkinr amspkrfs rëpmafs smb tnbnr qun rnikrlkr (usukdjnbtn ifbfimak ifjf krjk an
•Yurikr (> •Yurikr (> pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 An ub skdtf, suriks
nd kmrn ifb tu krjk y ksnstks ub rftubaf lfdpn qun qunorkbtk dks an`nbsks an tu fpfbnbtn. Mbtnbtks ub skdtf
Ym `kddks, kub punans gkinr dk tmrkak an ktkqun, pnrf bf
mbmlns nd akûf nxtrk bm anrrmoks kd fpfbnbtn sm kimnrtks.
Kiimùb.
•Jknstrêk ifb Krjkaurks5 Iukbaf usns krjkaurk,
rnauins dks pnbkdmzkimfbns an krjkaurk (ifstf an Sftnbimk y rnauiimùb an Pndfimaka) k 3. Ym sndniimfbks nstn jfvmjmnbtf an ifjoktn y yk tmnbns nd jfvmjmnbtf Nxpnrmnbimk ifb Krjkaurks, anonrêks rnnjpdkzkr Nxpnrmnbimk ifb Krjkaurks pfr ub jfvmjmnbtf an iktnlfrêk 9 am`nrnbtn, yk qun Jknstrêk ifb Krjkaurks ns
jnefr. @kiudtka.
•Jknstrêk nb An`nbsk5 5 Nsifln ub tmpf an jkbmfork
an`nbsmvk nb dk iukd yk nstís nbtrnbkaf5 Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf. Nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb jkbmforks an an`nbsk an nsn tmpf. K am`nrnbimk an dk jkyfrêk an dfs jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn, punans nsiflnr nstn jfvmjmnbtf gkstk 9 vnins. Ikak vnz qun df ndmeks,
anons nsiflnr ub tmpf am`nrnbtn an jkbmfork an`nbsmvk. @kiudtka.
;?
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
•Skrkak (> •Skrkak (> pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Sunans ansvmkr
Ktrmoutfs and Bkbf
rëpmakjnbtn iukdqumnr ktkqun. Iukbaf kitmvns nstn jfvmjmnbtf, sn rnauin dk amiudtka pkrk tfaks dks
jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka nb ; pfr dks prùxmjks ;3 vundtks. @kiudtka.
Ldkamf an Iktnlfrêk 0 Dfs ldkamfs an iktnlfrêk 0 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun, mbidusf ubf pkrk nd iukd yk snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. Ym yk nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsn tmpf an ktkquns, nb vnz an nddf tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf nb nsn tmpf an ktkqun. @kiudtka. Jfvmjmnbtfs an Ifjoktn5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus jfvmjmnbtfs an ifjoktn an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrf jfvmjmnbtf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •_njktn (> •_njktn (> pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Qn ksnlurks an
qun ub nbnjmlf ikêaf bf punak snlumr duigkbaf. Ym tu fpfbnbtn nstë anrrmokaf, ifb`ubamaf, f mjpnamaf an kdlubk jkbnrk iukbaf lfdpnns, mbmlns 0 pubtfs
kamimfbkdns an akûf sm dflrks ksnstkr. @kiudtka.
•Neniutfr (9 •Neniutfr (9 pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Iukbaf dflrns lfdpnkr k ubk irmkturk an bmvnd > f jës okek, gkz ftrk
tmrkak (uskbaf dfs jmsjfs vkdfrns ifb dfs qun ktkikstn). Ym tmnbns íxmtf nb dk snlubak tmrkak, nd foentmvf ns dmqumakaf mbjnamktkjnbtn. Ym usks nstn jfvmjmnbtf ifbtrk ub SE an iukdqumnr iktnlfrêk, y tmnbns íxmtf nb dk snlubak tmrkak, nd pnrsfbken okek ub bmvnd nb dk nsikdk an vmtkdmaka. @kiudtka. •Ktkqun Imriudkr (> pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Qn vundvns
jës pndmlrfsf iukbaf nstës rfankaf. Ansan ub pubtf ef, gkins ktkquns iunrpf k iunrpf ifbtrk gkstk >
fpfbnbtns k tu kdikbin ifjf pkrtn an ubk jmsjk kiimùb nb ubk vundtk. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Qfafs dfs ktkquns sn ifbsmanrkb ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf, pnrf nd odmbaken k`nitk k ikak ktkqun pfr snpkrkaf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak jfamikr tu ktkqun
f akûf sn kpdmik k tfafs dfs ktkquns. Kiimùb.
•Krjk y Iunrpf (> Iunrpf (> pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Dunlf
an gkinr ub ktkqun ifb ub krjk, prfsmluns ifb ub puûntkzf f pktkak ifjf ktkqun kamimfbkd anbtrf an dk jmsjk kiimùb. Dfs afs ktkquns punanb snr amrmlmafs k fpfbnbtns amstmbtfs. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Qfafs dfs ktkquns sn ifbsmanrkb ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf, pnrf nd odmbaken k`nitk k ikak ktkqun pfr snpkrkaf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak jfamikr tu
Fotmnbns 0 pubtfs kamimfbkdns pkrk rnpkrtmrdfs nbtrn dfs ktrmoutfs ifjf qumnrks.
prnsnbtn nb tfafs dfs kspnitfs an dk vma k nb nd Bfvnbf Jubaf. Dfs bkbfs jkbnekb su pfanr nb `frjk an df qun nddfs ddkjkb Nsftnrêks. Gky qumnbns dks ddkjkb d dkjkb gnigmzfs, truifs f nbikbtkjmnbtfs. Dfs bkbfs sfb gkomdmafsfs nb nd jkbnef an dk tnibfdflêk kbtmluk an jubafs amstkbtns, y juigks vnins sus pfanrns lmrkb nb tfrbf k krtn`kitfs fiudtfs nb sus iunrpfs. Bkbfs nb nd lrupf5 Qêpmikjnbtn ub bkbf ns nd jmnjorf and lrupf qun sn jkbtmnbn nb dk rntklukramk, df jës kdnekaf and pndmlrf qun punak. Ifjpkrkaf ifb dfs Ldkamfs f Msfs, dfs bkbfs sfb k jnbuaf `rëlmdns y nstëb jnbfs prftnlmafs an kjnbkzks. Kanjës, dk jkyfr pkrtn an sus aftns `ubimfbk jnefr k amstkbimk. Kub iukbaf dfs pfanrns f`nbsmvfs and bkbf punanb snr mjprnsmfbkbtns y õtmdns, ns su ifbfimjmnbtf df jës vkdmfsf pkrk ub lrupf. Iukbaf ub nqumpf sn trfpmnzk ifb krtmdulmfs f amspfsmtmvfs jmstnrmfsfs, irmkturks nxtrkûks, u ftrfs kspnitfs an dk bujnbnrk, nd bkbf ns usukdjnbtn nd qun skon iùjf manbtmikrdfs f iùjf trktkr ifb dfs gkddkzlfs.
Nd bkbf ns qumnb punan rniupnrkr bunvfs irmptfs f nbifbtrkr dk jkbnrk an uskr krtn`kitfs and pkskaf. Juigfs bkbfs pfsnnb ftrfs ifbfimjmnbtfs vkrmkafs, ifjf lnflrk`êk, oftëbmik, jnamimbk y jës.
Iktnlfrêks and Bkbf Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk ; Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk ; tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5 Ns`unrzf5 ; Lnbmkdmaka5 Qmnbns Pnbtkek ; nb Mbtndnitf, Pnbtkek 3 nb Sftnbimk y Pnbtkek 3 nb Pndfimaka ^sf Nxpnrtf an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 9 irmptfs kd jmsjf tmnjpf. Kaniukaf k dks Krjks Dmlnrks5 Sunans uskr krjks dmlnrks smb pnbkdmzkimfbns. Ym usks ub krjk jnamk, mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka and ktkqun nb ;. Ym usks ub krjk pnskak, mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka nb ?.
@kjmdmkrmzkaf ifb dk Bujnbnrk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb tkrnks rndkimfbkaks ifb dk bujnbnrk, y t kjomíb punans
ktkqun f akûf sn kpdmik k kjofs ktkquns, k jnbfs qun
mbtnbtkr ifjprnbanrdk n manbtmikr sus prfpmnakans.
nstí nspniêikjnbtn rnsnrvkaf pkrk tu krjk. Kiimùb.
Nqumpf Mbmimkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb rfpk, ub krjk, ub dmorf kinrik an dk bujnbnrk, trns irmptfs (nsiflmafs pfr nd
Bkbf
bkrrkafr), ubk _krnzk (nsiflmak pfr nd bkrrkafr), y 1
K vnins sfb ddkjkafs jklfs, oruefs f gnigminrfs pfr dk lnbtn and Bfvnbf Jubaf. Nd bfjorn jës ifjõb ns Bkbf-gnigminrf, y sus aftns sfb ifbfimaks ifjf bkbfjklmk. Kdlubfs aminb snr rnprnsnbtkbtns an amfsns f an klnbtns supnrbkturkdns. Ifjf snk qun dfs ddkjnb, dfs Bkbfs afjmbkb dfs jmstnrmfs and pkskaf gkstk nd pubtf an pkrninr ikpkins an rnkdmzkr jmdklrfs. Nd tírjmbf —bkbf‚ prfvmnbn an dk bkbftnibfdflêk qun sn nbiunbtrk L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
;9
jfbnaks. Kbtns an sndniimfbkr nd krjk, dk krjkaurk u ftrf nqumpf, nspnrk gkstk qun gkyks nsiflmaf dks nsftnrêks, nd ansirmptfr y dk smbludkrmaka. Nsftnrêks5 Sunans dmonrkr nd pfanr an dk bujnbnrk pkrk ikjomkr nd jubaf k tu kdrnanafr. Dks nxprnsmfbns an tu ifbfimjmnbtf sfb ddkjkaks nsftnrêks, y rniunrakb k dfs nbikbtkjmnbtfs dkbzkafs pfr dfs gnigminrfs an dks kbtmluks `ëoudks. Kqunddfs qun bf sfb bkbfs k vnins dks
ddkjkb gnigmzfs f jklmk. Dk jkyfrêk an dks nsftnrêks anonb snr kitmvkaks, df qun rnqumnrn qun tnblks ubk jkbf dmorn n mbvmnrtks pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. Ym bf sn mbamikb ifstfs an Mbtndnitf pfr nd usf an ubk nsftnrêk, ístk `ubimfbk ifbtmbukjnbtn smb bninsmaka an snr kitmvkak. Kdlubks nsftnrêks nspnimikb
ubk aurkimùb, pnrf smnjprn punans anskitmvkr tus prfpmks nsftnrêks nb iukdqumnr jfjnbtf. Nsifln ? an dks nsftnrêks ansirmtks k ifbtmbukimùb. Bf punans nsiflnr dk jmsjk nsftnrêk afs vnins k jnbfs qun dk ansirmpimùb mbamqun ftrk ifsk. •Nbjksikrkr (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans rnkdmzkr pnqunûfs truifs5 ikjomkr tnjpfrkdjnbtn nd ifdfr f dk kpkrmnbimk an ub foentf pnqunûf, gkinr qun ftn,
dmjpmkr ubk pnqunûk ërnk, rnpkrkr ub foentf akûkaf, prnpkrkr ifjmak (pnrf bf irnkrdk), y nsn tmpf an ifsks. Bf punans uskr Nbjksikrkr pkrk akûkr k ftrks irmkturks u foentfs. Kiimùb. •Igfqun (; pubtf an mbtndnitf)5 Ktkiks k ub nbnjmlf uskbaf nbnrlêks qun krrnjntnb ifbtrk su sustkbimk `êsmik f su jnbtn. Nb iukdqumnrk an dfs afs iksfs, anons snr ikpkz an vnr k tu foentmvf. Ym nd ktkqun ns `êsmif, njmtns ub rkyf an `unrzk k ifrtk amstkbimk qun mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf. Ym nd ktkqun ns jnbtkd, nb`fiks tu
nbnrlêk jnbtkd pkrk ifdkpskr dfs prfinsfs jnbtkdns an ftrk irmkturk anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Nstk
mrrupimùb jnbtkd mbmln ? pubtfs an akûf an M btndnitf
n mlbfrk nd odmbaken. Kdlubks irmkturks, ifjf dfs kutùjktks, punanb snr mbjubns k nstn igfqun jnbtkd. Kiimùb. •Mjpndnr (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Njpueks k ubk irmkturk u foentf k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk nb iukdqumnr amrniimùb. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr kd foentmv f, nd iukd anon snr an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf, bf anon nstkr ekaf k bkak, y anon nstkr k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Nd
njpuen ns rëpmaf y anjksmkaf tfsif ifjf pkrk snr jkbmpudkaf, ksê qun bf punan snr uskaf pkrk tkrnks ifjf jfvnr pkdkbiks f inrrkr punrtks. p unrtks. •Mbspniimfbkr (? pubtfs an mbtndnitf)5 Sunans mbspniimfbkr ub ërnk an tkjkûf mlukd k ub iuof an 9 jntrfs iukarkafs, mbiduynbaf k tfafs dfs foentfs
y irmkturks nb nsk ërnk. Nd ërnk anon nstkr k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Mbspniimfbkr k ubk irmkturk u foentf smnjprn rnvndk su bmvnd (f iuëb pfanrfsf, pndmlrfsf f am`êimd ns). Qkjomíb ddnlks k ifbfinr iukdqumnr gnigf f ikrkitnrêstmik qun nd bkrrkafr ifbsmanrn pnrtmbnbtn kinrik an dk jktnrmk y nbnrlêk nb nsk ërnk. Sfr nenjpdf, pfarêks ddnlkr k ansiuormr qun ubk ikek an jkanrk ifbtmnbn ub krtn`kitf an jntkd y smbtn. Sunans ansiuormr qun ub imdmbarf an vmarmf nstë ddnbf an lks vnbnbfsf, y qun su oksn jntëdmik tmnbn ub ikjpf ndíitrmif qun dk rnifrrn y dk ifbnitk k ubk jkddk jntëdmik nb nd pmsf. Sunans ansiuormr qun ubk irmkturk ns ub jkjê`nrf ifb ub inrnorf pnqunûf. Ymb njokrlf, nstk nsftnrêk bf tn amin df qun nsk mb`frjkimùb m b`frjkimùb smlbmik. Ksê qun bf skons
df qun gkin nd kpkrktf anbtrf an dk ikek, bm tkjpfif df qun suinanrêk sm pmsks dk jkddk jntëdmik f sm d k irmkturk ns mbtndmlnbtn f bf. Kdlubfs jktnrmkdns y ikjpfs an nbnrlêk sn rnsmstnb k dk mbspniimùb. •_nslukraf5 Qmnbns ub nsiuaf an nbnrlêk k tu kdrnanafr nb tfaf jfjnbtf qun ansvêk dfs ktkquns. Lkbks +; an odmbaken. @kiudtka.
Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk ? Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk ? tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Nsftnrêks5 Nsifln ; an dks smlumnbtns nsftnrêks (f ubk an iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdk k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubk an tus nsftnrêks an iktnlfrêk ; ifb ftrk an dk jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Kakptkimùb (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qn kakptks k ub kjomnbtn gfstmd pfr ?7 gfrks. Ifjf rnsudtkaf, punans
rnspmrkr smb pndmlrf, dk tnjpnrkturk bf tn dkstmjk (kubqun punan snr nxtrnjkakjnbtn mbiùjfak f anomdmtkbtn), dk lrkvnaka nxtrnjk bf tn mbjfvmdmzk (kubqun punans vnrtn snrmkjnbtn fostkiudmzkaf), y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Nb kjomnbtns nxtrnjfs, nd bkrrkafr pfarêk mbirnjnbtkr nd ifstf an kitmvkr nstk nsftnrêk gkstk ub jëxmjf an ;3 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. Nb tírjmbfs lnbnrkdns, nd ifstf anonrêk snr mlukd kd akûf qun pfarêks su`rmr nb ikak vundtk. Sfr nenjpdf, sm nbtrks nb ub kjomnbtn gfstmd qun bfrjkdjnbtn ikusn 0 pubtfs an akûf pfr vundtk, nd usf an Kakptkimùb pkrk nvmtkr nstn akûf snrêk an 0 pubtfs.
Sunans prftnlnr k ftrks irmkturks kanjës an tm jmsjf, pnrf ikak irmkturk kamimfbkd tn ifstkrêk nd jmsjf bõjnrf an pubtfs an Mbtndnitf qun tn iunstk prftnlnrtn. Ksê qun, sm tn iunstk 0 pubtfs prftnlnrtn an ub kjomnbtn
gfstmd, tn ifstkrêk ;? pubtfs kamimfbkdns prftnlnr k ftrks afs pnrsfbks. Nstk nsftnrêk bf tn prftnln an kjnbkzks sõomtks f mbstkbtëbnks, ifjf ub ktkqun ifb krjks f ubk nxpdfsmùb an `unlf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Anstnddf (1 •Anstnddf (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk nxpdfsmùb
an nbnrlêk nb iukdqumnr pubtf anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk ifrtk, k`nitkbaf ub ërnk an kdikbin mbjnamktf k pkrtmr an nsn pubtf. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr nd pubtf afban mbtnbtks inbtrkr dk nxpdfsmùb. Nd Anstnddf ikusk ? pubtfs an akûf k tfaks dks irmkturks y foentfs anbtrf and ërnk. Anomaf k qun ns ub ktkqun an ërnk, nd Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf trkokek an jkbnrk am`nrnbtn k dfs ktkquns sforn foentmvfs mbamvmaukdns5 Ym kpdmiks ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf, ikusk sùdf ? pubtfs an akûf k ikak foentmvf anbtrf and ërnk. Ym `kddks dk tmrkak an ktkqun, kõb gkins ; pubtf an akûf k ikak fpfbnbtn. Kiimùb. d nbtkjnbtn nb •Dnvmtkr (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 @dftks dnbtkjnbtn nd kmrn. Sunans ifbinbtrkrtn pkrk pnrjkbninr mbjùvmd nb nd kmrn, f ansdmzkrtn sforn ubk amstkbimk ifrtk ifjf kiimùb, pnrf bkak jës. An ftrk `frjk, tn junvns mjpudskaf pfr dk mbnrimk, nd vmnbtf f kdlõb mjpudsf qun gkyks lkbkaf. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Dniturk an Jnbtn (1 Jnbtn (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs supnrimkdns an ubk irmkturk qun
nstí k amstkbimk ifrtk, kub sm nd foentmvf bf ansnk qun df gklks. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr k tu foe ntmvf. ^bk vnz nstkodnimaf nd ifbtkitf, punans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs an dk irmkturk gkstk pfr ; jmbutf. Ym tõ f nd foentmvf skdnb and rkblf, sn pmnran nd ifbtkitf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Nstksms (9 •Nstksms (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 _fanks k ub
fpfbnbtn an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf ifb ub kurk an nbnrlêk rnspdkbanimnbtn, mbjfvmdmzëbafdf pfr ; jmbutf, ifjf sm nstuvmnsn pntrmikaf. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr
nd foentmvf, y anon nstkr k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Jmnbtrks nd foentmvf nstí okef Nstksms, ns mbjubn k tfaf akûf f n`nitfs, y bf punan snr jfvmaf. Kiimùb.
Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk 9 Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk 9 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Gkomtukd an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 1 irmptfs k dk vnz. ;1
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
Nsftnrêks5 Nsifln ; an dks smlumnbtns nsftnrêks (f ubk an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdk k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubk an tus nsftnrêks an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrk an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Okrrnrk (9+ •Okrrnrk (9+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk okrrnrk
nstëtmik y bf trkbsdõimak an nbnrlêk sùdmak anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk. Dk okrrnrk ns an 9 jntrfs
iukarkafs, y juy andlkak. Ns ubk okrrnrk an bmvnd ?, y tmnbn ubk aurkimùb an ;3 jmbutfs. Sunan snr ifdfikak nb iukdqumnr dulkr ifb dks jnamaks kaniukaks, sforn kdlõb foentf sùdmaf, nd sundf, f ftkbaf nb nd kmrn. Ikak
bmvnd an ns`unrzf kpdmikaf rn`unrzk dk okrrnrk ifb ub bmvnd. Sfr nenjpdf, kpdmikr afs lrkafs an Ns`unrzf irnk
ubk okrrnrk an bmvnd 1. Kiimùb. •Ifbtrkjnamaks (1 •Ifbtrkjnamaks (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 An jkbnrk
mbjnamktk mbtnrrujpns ub n`nitf an bujnbnrk qun nstí nb iursf (ifjf ub n`nitf irnkaf pfr ubk nsftnrêk) anbtrf an ub rkblf mbjnamktf. Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, punans uskr nstf ifjf ubk kiimùb an`nbsmvk pkrk ikbindkr iukdqumnr nsftnrêk dkbzkak ifbtrk tm, f punans suspnbanr iukdqumnr amspfsmtmvf f nd n`nitf an iukdqumnr amspfsmtmvf bujnbnrk pfr ;a0 vundtks. Anons tfikr nd n`nitf f
amspfsmtmvf pkrk ikbindkrdf. Kiimùb.
•Srftniimùb Ifbtrk Nbnrlêks (9+ Nbnrlêks (9+ pubtfs an
Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk okrrnrk k tu kdrnanafr qun tn prftnln an rkamkimfbns y ndnjnbtfs. Nsifln ub tmpf an nbnrlêk pkrtmiudkr (ikdùrmik, sùbmik, ndíitrmik, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Fotmnbns +;3 an odmbaken ifbtrk iukdqumnr akûf qun punak snr ikuskaf pfr nsn tmpf an nbnrlêk pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, punans fotnbnr +; an odmbaken ifbtrk iukdqumnr akûf qun punak snr ikuskaf pfr nsn tmpf an nbnrlêk pfr ?7 gfrks. Anons
nstkr `kjmdmkrmzkaf ifb nd tmpf an nbnrlêk8 pfr nenjpdf, sm bf tmnbns nxpnrmnbimk ifb imnrtf tmpf an nbnrlêk nxtrkamjnbsmfbkd, bf tn punans prftnlnr ifbtrk nddk. Nb dulkr an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an
nstk nsftnrêk, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk prftnlnr k jës foentmvfs. Ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf kpdmikaf k`nitk k afs foentmvfs kamimfbkdns. Anons tfikr k ikak foe ntmvf kamimfbkd pkrk prftnlnrdf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Ynbsfr (1 •Ynbsfr (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ub snbsfr
mbvmsmodn n mbjùvmd anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk qun aurk gkstk ?7 gfrks. Nb iukdqumnr jfjnbtf aurkbtn nsn
nspkimf an tmnjpf, punans ifbinbtrkrtn pkrk vnr, fêr, y fdnr k trkvís an nsn snbsfr, smb mjpfrtkr quí tkb dnefs dne fs nstís. Nd snbsfr bf tn prfvnn an gkomdmakans snbsfrmkdns jës kddë an dks bfrjkdns. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr8 Kiimùb pkrk pnrimomr. •Fef Inrtnrf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr ktkquns `êsmifs k amstkbimk ifb nsftnrêks f amspfsmtmvfs bujnbnrk. Sfr nenjpdf, nrns ifjpntnbtn iukbaf rnkdmzks ubk rë`klk an Igfqun pfrqun ns ub ktkqun `êsmif, pnrf bf sm df usks pkrk k`nitkr dk jnbtn pfrqun ns ub ktkqun psêqumif. @kiudtka.
Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk 1 Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk 1 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Nsftnrêks5 Nsifln ; an dks smlumnbtns nsftnrêks (f ubk an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdk k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubk an tus nsftnrêks an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrk an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Mbvmsmomdmaka (1 •Mbvmsmomdmaka (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qn vundvns
mbvmsmodn pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Jmnbtrks nstís mbvmsmodn, nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb tkrnks `urtmvks y jkbmforks an an`nbsk L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
;>
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
an Pndfimaka. Nstn n`nitf bkdmzk sm gkins kdlf qun
rnvndn tu prnsnbimk y pfsmimùb (ifjf ktkikr, rnkdmzkr ubk nsftnrêk, uskr ubk aftn, jfvnr ub foentf lrkban, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Ym nstf fiurrn, punans rniforkr nd n`nitf an mbvmsmomdmaka rnjkbnbtn kd tfjkr ubk kiimùb pkrk ifbiíbtrktn nb nsifbanr tu pfsmimùb. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr f rnmbmimkr. •Ifbtrfd Jnbtkd (0+ Jnbtkd (0+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifbtrfdks
dks kiimfbns an ubk irmkturk qun tfquns. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Nd foentmvf anon snr an bmvnd ? f jnbfr. ^bk vnz qun dflrks ifbtrfdkrdf, jkbtmnbns nd ifbtkitf jnbtkd ifb nd foentmvf smbtmnbaf df qun ístn smnbtn. Sunans pnrjmtmrdn qun kitõn dmornjnbtn f afjmbkrdf kiimùb pfr kiimùb. Nb vnz an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr
; kd bmvnd jëxmjf and foentmvf pfr ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf. An jkbnrk qun, pkrk ifbtrfdkr dk jnbtn
an ub foentmvf an bmvnd > (trns bmvndns pfr nbimjk and dêjmtn bfrjkd), anons kpdmikr 9 lrkafs an Ns`unrzf. Dfs
bkbfs prnikvmafs uskb dk nsftnrêk Mbspniimfbkr sforn dk irmkturk qun qumnrnb ifbtrfdkr pkrk ifbfinr su bmvnd kbtns an mbtnbtkrdf. Iukbaf nd n`nitf kikok, dk irmkturk bf rniunrak gkonr smaf ifbtrfdkak f df qun gkyk gnigf jmnbtrks nstuvf okef tus ùranbns. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •_nlnbnrkimùb (0 •_nlnbnrkimùb (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 _nstkurks
pubtfs k dk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk f Pndfimaka an ub foentmvf nb ubk an afs jkbnrks5 f sn rnstkurkb ub
tftkd an 0 pubtfs k dk rnsnrvk nsiflmak, f sn rnstkurk
gkstk ub vkdfr tftkd an ;? pubtfs. Qfjks nstk anim smùb kd jfjnbtf an mbmimkr nstk nsftnrêk. Dfs pubtfs sn rnstkurkb k ubk tksk an ; pubtf pfr turbf. Anons jkbtnbnr nd ifbtkitf ifb nd foentmvf aurkbtn tfaf nsn tmnjpf. Bf sn punan ndnvkr dk rnsnrvk jës kddë an su vkdfr jëxmjf. Kiimùb. •Kdtnrkr (> •Kdtnrkr (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Jfdanks jktnrmk k ifrtk amstkbimk qun fiupn ub ërnk bf jkyfr k ;>3
inbtêjntrfs iõomifs. Ym mbvmnrtns ubk sfdk kiimùb nb nstk nsftnrêk, dfs ikjomfs qun gkins sfb ruamjnbtkrmfs sm kiksf. Ym mbvmnrtns kd jnbfs ;3 jmbutfs y tmnbns íxmtf
Ifbnxmùb and Bkbf Dkbzk ub a?3 f nsifln an dk smlumnbtn dmstk pkrk antnrjmbkr ub `rkljnbtf an mb`frjkimùb nspniê`mik kinrik an tu pkskaf qun nstkodnzik ubk ifbnxmùb ifb nd rnstf and jubaf. Sunans tkjomíb irnkr tus prfpmfs kbtninanbtns.
kd mbtnbtkr ubk tkrnk an irnkimùb ifjf tkd (ifb ubk amiudtka ; bmvnd jës kdtk qun dk bfrjkd, anomaf k dks
imriubstkbimks), punans gkinr ikjomfs ifjpdnefs kd jktnrmkd. Bf punans ikjomkr dk bkturkdnzk and jktnrmkd, sùdf su `frjk. Ksê, punans gkinr ub gfyf nb ubk pkrna f punrtk, f punans snddkr ubf. Sunans irnkr ubk nspkak ruamjnbtkrmk k pkrtmr an ub trfzf an gmnrrf. Sunans rfjpnr f rnpkrkr ubk ikanbk. Ifb dfs usfs jõdtmpdns an nstk nsftnrêk, punans rnkdmzkr lrkbans ikjomfs nb nd kjomnbtn, ifjf irnkr ub punbtn, ub jurf, f ubk nstruiturk smjmdkr. Kiimùb. •Neniutkr (0 •Neniutkr (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifbinbtrks lrkbans
ikbtmakans an nbnrlêk dntkd nb dk pubtk an ub anaf y tfiks k ubk irmkturk. Ym nd foentmvf ns ub SBE f ubk
irmkturk an bmvnd 9 f jnbfr, junrn. Ym nd foentmvf ns ub
SE an iukdqumnr iktnlfrêk, nd pnrsfbken okek ub bmvnd nb d k nsikdk an vmtkdmaka. Kiimùb.
Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk > Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk > tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Jknstrf an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr > irmptfs k dk vnz. Nsftnrêks5 Nsifln ; an dks smlumnbtns nsftnrêks (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdk k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubk an tus nsftnrêks an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrk an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Kosfrimùb an Nbnrlêk (<+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5
Sunans tfikr ub foentf pkrk kosfronr su nbnrlêk. Ym tfiks ub irmptf, df mbutmdmzks. Ym tfiks ub krtn`kitf, anons rnkdmzkr ubk tmrkak an klftkjmnbtf an nbnrlêk. Ym tfiks ftrf tmpf an kpkrktf f amspfsmtmvf qun usn nbnrlêk, nd bkrrkafr antnrjmbk sm su pfanr `un tftkdjnbtn arnbkaf. Nb tfaf iksf, kosfrons dk nbnrlêk and foentf tfikaf y rniupnrks ;a;3 an Mbtndnitf. Ym sfornpksks nd jëxmjf an tu rnsnrvk, dfs pubtfs kamimfbkdns sn pmnranb, y anons gkinr ubk tmrkak an an`nbsk an Sftnbimk. Dk amiudtka
an dk tmrkak ns mlukd kd bõjnrf an pubtfs kamimfbkdns an Mbtndnitf qun kosfromstn. Ym bf tmnbns íxmtf nb dk tmrkak, rnimons > pubtfs an akûf y qunaks pkrkdmzkaf pfr ubk
vundtk. Sunans uskr nstk nsftnrêk ifjf ubk kiimùb an an`nbsk iukbaf snks nd foentmvf an ubk nsftnrêk. Kd gkinrdf ikbindks dk nsftnrêk and fpfbnbtn, y kosfrons dk nbnrlêk ifjf sm `unsn dk an ub amspfsmtmvf. Kiimùb. •Sudvnrmzkr (< pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ansmbtnlrks ub foentf bf vmvmnbtn qun snk jës pnqunûf qun t õ y iuyf bmvnd snk jnbfr f mlukd k tu iktnlfrêk. Anons tfikr nd foentf pkrk k`nitkrdf. Ym nd bkrrkafr df ifbsmanrk kprfpmkaf, punans ansmbtnlrkr ubk pfrimùb and foentf (sùdf ub vfdujnb tftkd jës pnqunûf qun tõ) nb vnz an gkinrdf ifjpdntkjnbtn. Kiimùb. •Aktës`nrk (0 •Aktës`nrk (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Kiinamnbaf k dk
aktës`nrk, punans gkinr ubk prnlubtk y fotnbnr ubk rnspunstk lnbnrkd. Nd bkrrkafr dn ksmlbk ub bmvnd k dk prnlubtk, ksê qun jmnbtrks jës fsiurk snk dk rnspunstk, jës am`êimd ns dk tkrnk. Lnbnrkdjnbtn, dk mb`frjkimùb qun puamnsns nbifbtrkr smjpdnjnbtn ousikbaf nb ftrk ;0
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
dfikimùb ns an bmvnd ;, jmnbtrks qun nd ifbfimjmnbtf fsiurf and pkskaf ns bmvnd <. Ns mjpfsmodn ifbfinr nd `uturf. Kiimùb. •Qndntrkbspfrtn (0+ •Qndntrkbspfrtn (0+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qn
trkbsjmtns mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn gkimk iukdqumnr dfikimùb qun gkyks vmstf f afban gkyks nstkaf, smb mjpfrtkr dk amstkbimk jmnbtrks snk nb dk Qmnrrk (f nd jubaf nb qun tn nbiunbtrns). Nb dulkr an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an nstk nsftnrêk, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf
pkrk ddnvkr k ftrks pnrsfbks ifbtmlf. Ifb ikak bmvnd an Ns`unrzf k`nitks k 9 foentmvfs kamimfbkdns. Anons tfikr k
ikak foentmvf kamimfbkd. Kiimùb. •Snrinpimùb Pnrakanrk5 Sunans vnr nb fsiurmaka tftkd gkstk ;> jntrfs ifjf sm guomnsn duz nsiksk. _nifbfins
gfdflrkjks, ams`rkins, mdusmfbns ùptmiks, mjmtkimfbns an vfz, y ftrfs truifs pkrnimafs qun k`nitnb iukdqumnr snbtmaf. @kiudtka.
Bkbf an Iktnlfrêk 0 Dfs bkbfs an iktnlfrêk 0 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Nsftnrêks5 Nsifln ; an dks smlumnbtns nsftnrêks (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdk k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubk an tus nsftnrêks an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ftrk an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Ifbtrfdkr nd Idmjk (;3 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf). Sunans ikjomkr nd idmjk k tu kdrnanafr. Ym rnkdmzks nstk nsftnrêk nb nspkimfs inrrkafs, sùdf sn irnkb n`nitfs idmjëtmifs jnbfrns, ifjf bnodmbk, ikjomfs an tnjpnrkturk sukvns, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Ym rnkdmzks nstk nsftnrêk kd kmrn dmorn, punans irnkr dduvmk, bmnodk, bmnvn, vmnbtfs, f iukdqumnr tmpf an idmjk bf juy snvnrf. Nd ikjomf tmnbn dk jmsjk aurkimùb qun dfs bkturkdns, ksê qun ubk tfrjnbtk pfarêk aurkr ; gfrk, dk bmnodk pfr ? f 9
gfrks, y dk bmnvn pfr ubks gfrks f pfr ;3 jmbutfs sm bf ns tnjpfrkak. Aurkbtn dfs prmjnrfs ;3 jmbutfs dunlf an gkonr kitmvkaf nstk nsftnrêk, punans irnkr
n`nitfs jës arkjëtmifs y nspniêifs, ifjf rndëjpklfs,
tfrjnbtks an lrkbmzf, vmnbtfs gurkikbkafs, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Nstfs n`nitfs sùdf fiurrnb anbtrf an ub
rkamf an 933 jntrfs ansan tu pfsmimùb. Mbvnrtmr ub turbf
ifbinbtrëbaftn nb irnkr ub n`nitf f jkbtnbnrdf aurkbtn
ftrk vundtk. Nstfs n`nitfs mbmlnb 0 pubtfs an akûf ikak
vundtk. Kiimùb. •Qnitfs (= pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Nenrins ubk ikbtmaka an `unrzk `êsmik trnjnbak ikpkz an jfdankr nd pkmsken anbtrf an ub rkamf an <> jntrfs an amstkbimk. Ifb
nstk nsftnrêk punans njpuekr gkstk ;3 tfbndkaks an jktnrmkdns gkstk ubk amstkbimk an ;3 jntrfs. Nstk `unrzk punan gkinr ifdkpskr namimfs, rnamrmlmr rmkigundfs, f
irnkr ftrfs n`nitfs arkjëtmifs. Kiimùb.
•Iruzkr Jubafs •Iruzkr Jubafs (7+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qn
trkbsjmtns mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn k ftrf pdkbntk, amjnbsmùb, pdkbf f bmvnd an rnkdmaka. Anons skonr qun nd anstmbf nxmstn8 nd bkrrkafr anon animamr sm tmnbns d k mb`frjkimùb suimnbtn pkrk ifbrjkr su nxmstnbimk, y nd bmvnd an amiudtka pkrk kdikbzkrdf. Nb vnz an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf
pkrk ddnvkr k ftrfs ifbtmlf. Ikak bmvnd an Ns`unrzf k`nitk gkstk k 9 foentmvfs kamimfbkdns. Anons tfikr k ikak
foentmvf kamimfbkd. Kiimùb. •^surpkr Irmptf5 Nsifln ub irmptf qun pfsnks. Nd irmptf anon tnbnr ub n`nitf qun bf snk mbstkbtëbnf. Anstruyns nd irmptf y lkbks su pfanr, nd iukd `ubimfbk pkrk tm pnrjkbnbtnjnbtn. Sunans nsiflnr ub irmptf iukbaf fotnblks nstk aftn, f punans nspnrkr y nsiflnr L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
;<
jës tkran. Ymb njokrlf, ubk vnz qun usurpns nd pfanr an ub irmptf, bf punans ikjomkrdf dunlf pfr ub irmptf am`nrnbtn. Dk nsftnrêk `ubimfbk sùdf ubk vnz. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Msf
Dfs msfs sfb mbtrípmafs nxpdfrkafrns y kvnbturnrfs. Ykonb an tfaf ub pfif y sfb juy kakptkodns. Bf nstëb rnstrmblmafs nb nd usf an krjks, krjkaurk, bujnbnrk f nsftnrêks, ksê qun punanb pkskr pfr bkbfs f ldkamfs. An kgê pkrnin vnbmr su bfjorn8 msf : smjmdkr. Qkjomíb ns prfokodn qun prfvnblk an ubk ifrrupimùb and tírjmbf —pfstmzf‚, ifb nd iukd sn ansmlbkb k vnins dks kûkamaurks qun juigfs gkinb k jëqumbks f k sus prfpmfs iunrpfs. Dfs msfs sfb ounbfs pkrk gkinr rnpkrkimfbns, rn`kiimfbns y jnefrks, ksê ifjf tkjomíb pkrk nblkûkr, ams`rkzkrsn y rfokr. Dfs msfs sfb irnkafrns, krtmstks, dêanrns y skqunkafrns. Yfb dfs krqumtnitfs, mblnbmnrfs, nstk`kafrns, ifjnrimkbtns y jknstrfs. Nstf bf smlbmik qun snkb
pnrsfbks ifjubns y ifrrmnbtns, smbf qun sn anstkikb pfr snr ounbfs nb juigks ifsks amstmbtks. ^b punodf punan nstkr an`nbamaf pfr ldkamfs, pnrf snlurkjnbtn ub msf ns qumnb jkbtmnbn tfaf nb franb y `ubimfbkbaf, f mbvnstmlk jmstnrmfs. Sfr ftrf dkaf, dfs ksnsmbfs y dkarfbns an ubk ifjubmaka sfb snlurkjnbtn msfs. Nb kdlubks iudturks sn dns ddkjk —ykh‚. Msfs nb nd lrupf5 Dfs msfs ddnbkb dk ornigk anekak pfr dfs bkbfs y dfs ldkamfs. @rniunbtnjnbtn gkinb y skonb ub pfif an tfaf. Sunanb duigkr kd dkaf an sus ifjpkûnrfs ldkamfs, f punanb tnbnr ifbvnrskimfbns kikaíjmiks ifb ub bkbf. Bf gky bmblõb dulkr f tkrnk bf kptk pkrk ub msf. Sunanb jkbnekr smtukimfbns pndmlrfsks ifjf ub ifjoktn, pnrf tkjomíb punanb anamikrsn k ousikr pmstks, uskr sus nbikbtfs ifb dfs d fs gkomtkbtns an ub punodf, f rnpkrkr kdlubk pmnzk an nqumpf. Dk ansvnbtkek ns qun dfs msfs bf sfb dfs jnefrns lunrrnrfs bm dfs jnefrns jkbmpudkbaf bujnbnrk. Snrf sê punanb ddnlkr k snr dfs jnefrns nb tkrnks ifjf nsikdkr, jfvnrsn nb smdnbimf, vmlmdkr, kormr inrrkaurks, anskitmvkr trkjpks f mjprfvmskr ub rn`ulmf.
Iktnlfrêks and Msf Msf an Iktnlfrêk ; Ns`unrzf5 ; Judtm`ubimfbkd5 Qmnbns ; an Pnbtkek nb iukdqumnr ktrmoutf qun nsifeks5 Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf. Qmnbns 3 an Pnbtkek nb dfs ftrfs afs ktrmoutfs. ^sf an Irmptfs5 punans ddnvkr gkstk ? irmptfs kd jmsjf tmnjpf. Kaniukaf k Dks Krjks Dmlnrks y Jnamks5 Sunans uskr krjks dmlnrks y jnamks smb pnbkdmzkimfbns. Ym njpuûks ub krjk pnskak, mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka nb ;.
Ifjpntnbimks5 Sunans nsiflnr ; ifjpntnbimk qun bf snk an ifjoktn. Kifjfaktmimf5 Kd ifjmnbzf an ikak aêk, nsifln ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd tn ifbinbtrkrës. Sfr nd rnstf and aêk, nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nsk ërnk. Bf punans uskr nstk aftn pkrk nspnimkdmzkrtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk f tkrnk pkrk dk iukd yk nrns ifjpntnbtn. Nqumpf Mbmimkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb rfpk, afs krjks,
Ktrmoutfs and Msf
rnkdmzkbaf jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka iukbaf bf usks krjkaurk. @kiudtka.
Msf an Iktnlfrêk ? Dfs Msf an iktnlfrêk ? tmnbnb dks d ks smlumnbtns aftns5
Fotmnbns 0 pubtfs kamimfbkdns pkrk rnpkrtmrdfs nbtrn dfs ktrmoutfs ifjf qumnrks.
krjkaurk dmlnrk, nqumpf an nxpdfrkafr, gnrrkjmnbtks dmlnrks, afs irmptfs (nsiflmafs pfr nd bkrrkafr), ubk _krnzk (nsiflmak pfr nd bkrrkafr), y 7 jfbnaks. Kbtns
an sndniimfbkr ftrf nqumpf, krjks f krjkaurk, nspnrk k gkonr nsiflmaf tus snirntfs and fimf, ansirmptfr y
smbludkrmaka. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Qmnbns ubk kjpdmk vkrmnaka an aftns qun jkbtmnbn k dk lnbtn k dk nxpnitktmvk. Kdlubfs an nstfs snirntfs sfb tíibmikjnbtn nsftnrêks f nd usf an bujnbnrk, jmnbtrks qun ftrfs sfb jës jubakbfs. Kdlubfs snirntfs sfb n`nitfs ifbtmbufs y ifbstkbtns, ftrfs sfb kiimfbns nspniêiks qun usukdjnbtn iunstkb
pubtfs an kdlubf an tus ktrmoutfs.
Nsifln afs an dfs snirntfs and fimf k ifbtmbukimùb. •Mjpkitf (; pubtf an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub ktkqun an jndnn qun ikusk ubk ifbtusmùb. Yn punan akr ifb f smb krjkjnbtf. Nd ktkqun gkin ub pubtf jnbfs an akûf an df bfrjkd, pnrf kturan k tu fpfbnbtn pfr ubk vundtk. Qfaks dks tkrnks qun nd fpfbnbtn mbtnbtn rnkdmzkr aurkbtn nsn tmnjpf, tmnbnb ubk jfamikimùb nb ; lrkaf an amiudtka nb su ifbtrk. •Nbjksikrkr (; pubtf an mbtndnitf)5 Sunans rnkdmzkr
pnqunûfs truifs5 ikjomkr tnjpfrkdjnbtn nd ifdfr f
dk kpkrmnbimk an ub foentf pnqunûf, gkinr qun ftn,
dmjpmkr ubk pnqunûk ërnk, rnpkrkr ub foentf akûkaf, prnpkrkr ifjmak (pnrf bf irnkrdk), y nsn tmpf an ifsks. Bf punans uskr Nbjksikrkr pkrk akûkr k ftrks irmkturks u foentfs. Kiimùb. •Ktrkvnskr (; pubtf an vndfimaka)5 Ns ub ktkqun k amstkbimk, pnbntrkbtn y prnimsf. Gkins ; pubtf kamimfbkd an akûf ifb tu ktkqun sm tu krjk tmnbn ubk pubtk kdkak. Kiimùb. •Kaniukaf k dks Krjkaurks5 Dfs msfs punanb
pfrtkr krjkaurk pfr pnrêfafs rkzfbkodns an tmnjpf
Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks (qun bf snk an ktkqun f an`nbsk). Ym nsiflns snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Bf punans nsiflnr ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd yk nstís nspnimkdmzkaf. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns snirntfs (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus snirntfs an iktnlfrêk ; ifb ftrf snirntf an dk jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Qrkbikzf5 K vnins ub pnqunûf pubtkpmí ns nd
snirntf pkrk kormr ubk inrrkaurk f gkinr qun ubk jëqumbk krrkbqun. Iukbaf kpdmiks Ns`unrzf k ubk tkrnk an Pndfimaka qun bf snk an ifjoktn, punans m bvnrtmr pubtfs an tu rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk ifjf sm vmbmnsnb an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. Sfr nenjpdf, punans mbvnrtmr 9
pubtfs an Sftnbimk y ? pubtfs an Pndfimaka pkrk kpdmikr ? lrkafs an Ns`unrzf pkrk kormr ubk inrrkaurk. @kiudtka. •Kvnbturnrf Nxpnrmjnbtkaf Nxpnrmjnbtkaf55 Yundns nstkr kifjpkûkaf an juy ounbk sunrtn y tus kiimfbns k jnbuaf tmnbnb rnsudtkafs jnefrns an dfs nspnrkafs. ^sk nstk aftn iukbaf tnblks íxmtf nb ubk tkrnk qun bf snk an ifjoktn, y sùdf sm bf skikstn ;= f ?3 nb dk tmrkak. Sunans kpdmikr ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf (dunlf an dk tmrkak) pkrk klrnlkr ub n`nitf jnbfr k dk kiimùb. Dfs pubtfs qun sn mbvmnrtkb pkrk nstn lrkaf an Ns`unrzf anonb vnbmr and jmsjf ktrmoutf uskaf pkrk nstk tkrnk. Ksê, sm gmimstn ubk tmrkak an Pndfimaka, nd ifstf and Ns`unrzf anon vnbmr an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. Nstn Ns`unrzf bf jfamik dk amiudtka an dk tkrnk, sùdf irnk nd n`nitf jnbfr.
@kiudtka.
•Amnstrf smb Krjks5 Iukbaf gkins ub ktkqun smb krjks (ifjf ub puûntkzf f ubk pktkak), iunbtk ifjf ub krjk jnamk nb vnz an ubk dmlnrk. @kiudtka. •Mjpndnr (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Njpueks k ubk irmkturk u foentf k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk nb iukdqumnr amrniimùb. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr kd foentmv f, nd iukd anon snr an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf, bf anon nstkr ekaf k bkak, y anon nstkr k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Nd
su ikpkimaka an rnkiimùb pfr pfrtkr krjkaurk sfb ktnbukaks. Sunans uskr iukdqumnr tmpf an krjkaurk. Yn rnauin nd ifstf an Sftnbimk pfr gfrk pfr pfrtkr krjkaurk y dk rnauiimùb an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka nb ?. @kiudtka. •Nbtrnbkjmnbtf An`nbsmvf5 Nsifln ub tmpf an jkbmfork an`nbsmvk pkrk dk iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn (Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, Mbtndnitf). Nrns ifjpntnbtn rnkdmzkbaf jkbmforks an nsn tmpf. K am`nrnbimk an dk
njpuen ns rëpmaf y anjksmkaf tfsif ifjf pkrk snr jkbmpudkaf, ksê qun bf punan snr uskaf pkrk tkrnks ifjf jfvnr pkdkbiks f inrrkr punrtks. Kiimùb. •_nikrlkr (; pubtf an Pndfimaka)5 Iukbaf nstís uskbaf ub krjk qun rnqumnrk ubk kiimùb pkrk rnikrlkr, punans rnikrlkr y amspkrkr (f amspkrkr y rnikrlkr) ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb. @kiudtka. •_nslukraf5 Qmnbns ub nsiuaf an nbnrlêk k tu kdrnanafr nb tfaf jfjnbtf qun ansvêk dfs ktkquns. Lkbks +; an odmbaken. @kiudtka.
jkyfrêk an dfs snirntfs and fimf, punans sndniimfbkr nstn snirntf gkstk 9 vnins. Ikak vnz qun df nsifeks,
Msf an Iktnlfrêk 9
smb ikbskrsn. Nstf smlbmik qun dks dmjmtkimfbns k
anons sndniimfbkr ub tmpf am`nrnbtn an jkbmfork. @kiudtka. •Nstfikak (; pubtf an Sftnbimk)5 Nstn ns ub pfanrfsf ktkqun pnbntrkbtn an jndnn qun sn gkin mjpudskbaf vmfdnbtkjnbtn dk pubtk and krjk gkimk tu fpfbnbtn. Gkins ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd sm tu krjk tmnbn ubk pubtk f ofran kdkaf. Kiimùb. •Nbtrnbkjmnbtf smb Krjkaurk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn
Dfs Msf an iktnlfrêk 9 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Nxpnrtf an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 9 irmptfs k dk vnz. Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks (qun bf snk an ktkqun f an`nbsk). Ym nsiflns snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Bf punans nsiflnr ;7
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd yk nstís nspnimkdmzkaf. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns snirntfs (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus snirntfs and fimf an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb
ftrf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk.
•Kvnbtkekr (1 •Kvnbtkekr (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Fotmnbns +;
an Pnbtkek nb ub ktrmoutf an tu ndniimùb (Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf) pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Sunans tnbnr sùdf ubk mbstkbimk an nstn snirntf k dk vnz. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Dnvmtkr (9 •Dnvmtkr (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 @dftks dnbtkjnbtn nb
nd kmrn. Sunans ifbinbtrkrtn pkrk pnrjkbninr mbjùvmd nb nd kmrn, f ansdmzkrtn sforn ubk amstkbimk ifrtk ifjf kiimùb, pnrf bkak jës. An ftrk `frjk, tn junvns mjpudskaf pfr dk mbnrimk, nd vmnbtf f kdlõb mjpudsf qun gkyks lkbkaf. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
•Dniturk an Jnbtn (1 Jnbtn (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs supnrimkdns an ubk irmkturk qun
nstí k amstkbimk ifrtk, kub sm nd foentmvf bf ansnk qun df gklks. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr k tu foe ntmvf. ^bk vnz nstkodnimaf nd ifbtkitf, punans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs an dk irmkturk gkstk pfr ; jmbutf. Ym tõ f nd foentmvf skdnb and rkblf, sn pmnran nd ifbtkitf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Igfqun (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ktkiks k ub nbnjmlf uskbaf nbnrlêks qun krrnjntnb ifbtrk su sustkbimk `êsmik f su jnbtn. Nb iukdqumnrk an dfs afs iksfs, anons snr ikpkz an vnr k tu foentmvf. Ym nd ktkqun ns `êsmif, njmtns ub rkyf an `unrzk mbvmsmodn k ifrtk amstkbimk qun
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf. Ym nd ktkqun ns jnbtkd, nb`fiks
Sftnbimk pkrk kpdmikr ? lrkafs an Ns`unrzf pkrk ktkikr ifb ubk nspkak. @kiudtka. •Krrnjntmak (? pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Nxtmnbans tu iunrpf pkrk gkinr qun tu krjk pnbntrn ifb nbnrlêk nb dk krjkaurk and fpfbnbtn. Dk mbusukd krrnjntmak kujnbtk
mrrupimùb jnbtkd mbmln ? pubtfs an akûf an M btndnitf n
dk amiudtka and ktkqun nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkdns. Kiimùb. •Ynlkr (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Nstn ktkqun rëpmaf
tu nbnrlêk jnbtkd pkrk ifdkpskr dfs prfinsfs jnbtkdns an ftrk irmkturk anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Nstk
mlbfrk nd odmbaken. Kdlubks irmkturks ifjf dfs kutùjktks punanb snr mbjubns k nstn igfqun jnbtkd. Kiimùb. •Nbtrnbkjmnbtf nb Ktkquns5 Nsifln ub tmpf an ktkqun nb nd iukd bf snks ifjpntnbtn5 mjpkitf dmlnrf, gfeks dmlnrks, prfynitmdns dmlnrfs, mjpkitf jnamf, gfeks jnamks, prfynitmdns jnamfs, mjpkitf pnskaf, gfeks pnskaks, f prfynitmdns pnskafs. Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb nsn tmpf an krjk. @kiudtka.
Msf an Iktnlfrêk 1 Dfs Msf an iktnlfrêk 1 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks (qun bf snk ktkqun f an`nbsk). Ym nsiflns snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Bf punans nsiflnr ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd yk nstís nspnimkdmzkaf. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns snirntfs (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus snirntfs and fimf an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb
ftrf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk. •Ifjoktn Kbkdêtmif5 K vnins, nd jõsiudf jës mjpfrtkbtn nb ub ifjoktn ns tu inrnorf. Ym punans prnvnr nd prùxmjf jfvmjmnbtf an tu fpfbnbtn, f ansiuormr su pubtf aíomd, punans snr ub ifjoktmnbtn jës n`nitmvf. Iukbaf kpdmquns Ns`unrzf k ubk jkbmfork an ifjoktn an Sftnbimk f Pndfimaka, punans mbvnrtmr pubtfs an tu rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf ifjf sm prfvmbmnsnb an dk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk f an Pndfimaka. Sfr nenjpdf, punans mbvnrtmr 9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf y ? pubtfs an L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
;=
sn rnkdmzk ifb ub krjk an gfek f an kstk. Ns ub ktkqun gfrmzfbtkd pkrk ifrtkr dk krjkaurk and fpfbnbtn, y ns am`êimd an nsqumvkr. Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln ; pubtf an
akûf jnbfs qun df bfrjkd. Kiimùb. •_ë`klk (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ym ub krjk tmnbn dk gkomdmaka an gkinr amspkrfs rëpmafs smb tnbnr qun rnikrlkr (usukdjnbtn ifbfimak ifjf krjk an rnpntmimùb, ifjf dk okddnstk an jkbmvndk), punans gkinr ubk rë`klk an amspkrfs jõdtmpdns gkimk ub foentmvf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr dk prfokomdmaka an kinrtkr. Nstn jfvmjmnbtf bninsmtk ;a0
+ ; prfynitmdns (f tfaks dks jubmimfbns qun ifbtnblk nd krjk sm tmnbn jnbfs qun nd bõjnrf fotnbmaf). Dk
amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln ; pubtf an akûf jnbfs qun df
bfrjkd. Kiimùb.
•Krjk Qrkbsamjnbsmfbk Qrkbsamjnbsmfbkdd (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5
^b krjk an jndnn qun tfiks vmork ifb `rniunbimks amjnbsmfbkdns y iruzk mbtnrjmtnbtnjnbtn nbtrn amjnbsmfbns pfr ubk gfrk. Aurkbtn nstn tmnjpf, nd
krjk mbmln ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd nb ikak ktkqun
nxmtfsf, y k`nitk k fpfbnbtns qun sùdf punakb snr k`nitkafs pfr n`nitfs trkbsamjnbsmfbkdns nspnimkdns, ifjf kqunddfs qun sn punanb ans`kskr. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Msf an Iktnlfrêk > Dfs Msf an iktnlfrêk > tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
^sf Gkomtukd an Irmptfs5 Sunans ddnvkr 1 irmptfs k dk vnz.
Ifbnxmùb and Msf Dkbzk ub a?3 f nsifln an dk smlumnbtn dmstk pkrk antnrjmbkr ub `rkljnbtf an mb`frjkimùb nspniê`mik kinrik an tu pkskaf qun nstkodnzik ubk ifbnxmùb ifb nd rnstf and jubaf. Sunans tkjomíb irnkr tus prfpmfs
Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks (qun bf snk ktkqun f an`nbsk). Ym nsiflns snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Bf punans nsiflnr ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd yk nstís nspnimkdmzkaf. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns snirntfs (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus snirntfs and fimf an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb
ftrf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk.
•@mbtk (9 •@mbtk (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ifb`ubans k tu
fpfbnbtn y ktkiks iukbaf okek dk lukramk. Ym anamiks ubk kiimùb pkrk irnkr ubk amstrkiimùb f ansvmkr su ktnbimùb, nb dk prùxmjk vundtk punans kprfvnigkr qun tu fpfbnbtn okeù sus an`nbsks. Gkz ubk tmrkak an ktkqun iunrpf k iunrpf ifbtrk nsn fpfbnbtn. Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an
akûf kamimfbkdns. Kiimùb.
•Kpubtkr (9 •Kpubtkr (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Qn tfjks tu tmnjpf
pkrk uomikr nd odkbif. Ym anamiks ubk kiimùb k kpubtkr, nb dk prùxmjk vundtk punans gkinr ub ktkqun k amstkbimk prnimsf. Dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun sn rnauin nb ;. Ym tu ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf
kamimfbkdns. Kiimùb.
•Ktkqun Yuinsmvf (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Kd dmqumakr k ub nbnjmlf, kujnbtk tu êjpntu nb dk oktkddk. Ym ndmjmbks k ub fpfbnbtn, punans gkinr ftrf ktkqun mbjnamktkjnbtn nb nd jmsjf turbf ifbtrk ub bunvf fpfbnbtn qun nstí k tu kdikbin. Nd snlubaf ktkqun ns pkrtn an dk jmsjk kiimùb. Sunans uskr nstn snirntf ifb
ktkquns an jndnn y an prfynitmdns. @kiudtka. •Fef Inrtnrf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr ktkquns `êsmifs k amstkbimk uskbaf snirntfs f amspfsmtmvfs bujnbnrk. Sfr nenjpdf, nrns ifjpntnbtn iukbaf usks Igfqun pfrqun ns ub ktkqun `êsmif, pnrf bf sm df usks pkrk k`nitkr dk jnbtn pfrqun ns ub ktkqun psêqumif. Nrns ifjpntnbtn uskbaf ub njmsfr an rkyfs jfrtkdns pfrqun prfvmnbnb an ub amspfsmtmvf bujnbnrk, pnrf bf kd uskr ubk okddnstk pfrqun ns ub krjk ifjõb. @kiudtka. •Jknstrêk nb An`nbsk5 Nsifln ub tmpf an jkbmfork an`nbsmvk pkrk dk iukd yk snks ifjpntnbtn5 Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, f Mbtndnitf. Qn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf nb jkbmforks an an`nbsk an nsn tmpf. K am`nrnbimk an dk jkyfrêk an dfs snirntfs and fimf, punans nsiflnr nstn snirntf gkstk 9 vnins. Ikak vnz qun d f ndmeks, anons
nsiflnr ub tmpf am`nrnbtn an jkbmfork an`nbsmvk. @kiudtka.
Msf an Iktnlfrêk 0 Dfs Msf an iktnlfrêk 0 tmnbnb dks smlumnbtns aftns5
Ifjpntnbimks5 Qn vundvns ifjpntnbtn nb ubk amsimpdmbk qun nsifeks (qun bf snk ktkqun f an`nbsk). Ym nsiflns snr ifjpntnbtn nb ubk gkomdmaka pkrk dk iukd yk df nrns, tn vundvns nspnimkdmzkaf. Bf punans nsiflnr ubk amsimpdmbk nb dk iukd yk nstís nspnimkdmzkaf. Ynirntfs and F`mimf5 Nsifln ; an dfs smlumnbtns snirntfs (f ubf an ubk iktnlfrêk mb`nrmfr) pkrk kûkamrdf k tu rnpnrtfrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, punans rnnjpdkzkr ubf an tus snirntfs and fimf an iktnlfrêks mb`nrmfrns ifb ?3
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N E K B F Y _ N S N A Y N Y K D I
ftrf an su jmsjk iktnlfrêk.
ktkquns sn ifbsmanrkb ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf, pnrf nd odmbaken k`nitk k ikak ktkqun pfr
•Srftniimùb Ifbtrk Nbnrlêks (1+ Nbnrlêks (1+ pubtfs an
Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk okrrnrk k tu kdrnanafr qun tn prftnln an rkamkimfbns y ndnjnbtfs. Nsifln ub tmpf an nbnrlêk pkrtmiudkr (ikdùrmik, sùbmik, ndíitrmik, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Fotmnbns +;3 an odmbaken ifbtrk iukdqumnr akûf qun punak snr ikuskaf pfr nsn tmpf an nbnrlêk pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, punans fotnbnr +; an odmbaken ifbtrk iukdqumnr akûf qun punak snr
snpkrkaf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak jfamikr tu ktkqun
ikuskaf pfr nsn tmpf an nbnrlêk pfr ?7 gfrks. Anons
ANYI_MSQF_NY
nstkr `kjmdmkrmzkaf ifb nd tmpf an nbnrlêk8 pfr nenjpdf, sm bf tmnbns nxpnrmnbimk ifb imnrtf tmpf an nbnrlêk nxtrkamjnbsmfbkd, bf tn punans prftnlnr ifbtrk nddk. Nb dulkr an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an
nstn snirntf, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk prftnlnr k jës foentmvfs. Ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf kpdmikaf k`nitk k afs foentmvfs kamimfbkdns. Anons tfikr k ikak foe ntmvf kamimfbkd pkrk prftnlnrdf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. •Mbvmsmomdmaka (> •Mbvmsmomdmaka (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qn vundvns
mbvmsmodn pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Jmnbtrks nstís mbvmsmodn, nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb tkrnks `urtmvks y jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka (ifjf ktkikr, utmdmzkr ub snirntf, uskr ubk aftn, jfvnr ub foentf lrkban, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf). Ym nstf fiurrn, punans rniforkr nd n`nitf an mbvmsmomdmaka rnjkbnbtn kd tfjkr ubk kiimùb pkrk ifbinbtrkrtn nb nsifbanr tu pfsmimùb. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr f rnmbmimkr. •Skrkak (0 •Skrkak (0 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Sunans ansvmkr
rëpmakjnbtn iukdqumnr ktkqun. Iukbaf kitmvns nstn snirntf, pfr dks prùxmjks ;3 vundtks sn rnauin dk amiudtka pkrk tfaks dks jkbmforks an an`nbsk an
Pndfimaka nb ;. @kiudtka.
•Ktkqun Imriudkr (0 Imriudkr (0 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Qn vundvns
jës pndmlrfsf iukbaf nstës rfankaf. Ansan ub pubtf ef, gkins ktkquns iunrpf k iunrpf ifbtrk gkstk >
fpfbnbtns k tu kdikbin ifjf pkrtn an ubk jmsjk kiimùb nb ubk vundtk. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Qfafs dfs
f akûf sn kpdmik k tfafs dfs ktkquns. Kiimùb. •Snrinpimùb Pnrakanrk5 Sunans vnr nb fsiurmaka tftkd gkstk ;> jntrfs ifjf sm guomnsn duz nsiksk. _nifbfins
gfdflrkjks, ams`rkins, mdusmfbns ùptmiks, mjmtkimfbns an vfz, y ftrfs truifs pkrnimafs qun k`nitnb iukdqumnr snbtmaf. @kiudtka.
Dfs ansirmptfrns f`rninb ub pkquntn mbmimkd an aftns, ifjpntnbimks f jfamikimfbns k tus ktrmoutfs. Kdlubfs
ansirmptfrns tkjomíb punanb antnrjmbkr mjpnrmimks, f amsimpdmbks pkrk dks iukdns tu pnrsfbken bf ns ounbf, df iukd gkin qun dks tkrnks rndkimfbkaks ifb nddks tnblkb ub lrkaf jkyfr an amiudtka pkrk tm. Ym nsiflns ubk
ifjpntnbimk nb kdlf pkrk df iukd tmnbns ubk mjpnrmimk, kjoks sn ikbindkb. Sfr ftrf dkaf, dfs ansirmptfrns akb sulnrnbimks sforn iùjf tu pnrsfbken sn vmf nbvundtf nb dk kvnbturk y ifb sus anjës ifjpkûnrfs. Sunans nsiflnr iukdqumnr ansirmptfr smb mjpfrtkr sm nrns ub ldkamf, bkbf f msf.
Ikutmvkafr
Qmnbns ub amsiursf klrkakodn y nbikbtkafr. Omnb snk k trkvís an jnamfs sfornbkturkdns f smjpdnjnbtn pfr tnbnr nd afb an dk pkdkork, punans ifbvnbinr k ftrfs an gkinr df qun qumnrks. Srfokodnjnbtn nrns ubk akjk `êsmikjnbtn ktrkitmvk f ub kpunstf lkdëb, pnrf df jës snlurf ns qun tmnbns ub ikrmsjk y jklbntmsjf mrrnsmstmodn, ksê qun dk lnbtn ams`rutk nsiuigkr tus pkdkorks. Qmnbans k prnstkrdn ktnbimùb k tu kpkrmnbimk jkbtnbmíbaftn mjpnikodn. Gkins kjmlfs ifb lrkb `kimdmaka.
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI. L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
?;
prnimsfs.
•Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn rnkdmzkbaf jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka.
ANYI_MSQF_NY Ikutmvkafr Ndnlkbtn @frbmaf @urtmvf Mdustrkaf Mblnbmfsf
Mbtndmlnbtn Jêstmif/Jniëbmif _kuaf _nimf Qnbkz Qfsif
Qu pnrsfbken sn anstkik nb dk `kintk rndkimfbkd and ktrmoutf Mbtndnitf, ksê qun dk mbtndmlnbimk bf ns tu `unrtn. Nrns smjpëtmif, pnrf bf bninskrmkjnbtn nstuamfsf bm ifb juigk antnrjmbkimùb. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Ymjpktêk5 +? k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk
rndkimfbkak ifb mbtnrkiimfbns sfimkdns pfsmtmvks f pdkinbtnrks. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nd usf an nsftnrêks f aftns nspnimkdns qun mbunbimkb dks jnbtns an dfs
anjës.
•Ifbtkitfs5 Ifbfins k ubk pnrsfbk ifb juigk mbunbimk. Sunan snr ub jmnjorf jnbfr an dk bfodnzk,
nd ikpmtëb an dk lukramk and punodf, ub Ykinraftn Knùb, f nd en`n an ubk frlkbmzkimùb irmjmbkd mjpfrtkbtn. Qrkokek nb dfs antkddns eubtf k tu bkrrkafr. •Mjpnrmimk5 Bubik `umstn ounbf nb dfs nstuamfs f jnjfrmzkbaf ifsks. Mbirnjnbtk nb ; dk amiudtka kd
mbtnbtkr iukdqumnr tkrnk qun anpnbak an ifbfimjmnbtfs imnbtêifs, kikaíjmifs f an `fdidfrn. •Mjpnrmimk5 Qu `unrzk an vfdubtka bf ns juy kdtk. Mbirnjnbtk nb ; dk amiudtka ikak vnz qun mbtnbtns
rnsmstmr ktkquns jnbtkdns.
•Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Gks dflrkaf fotnbnr lkbkbimks aninbtns rnimnbtnjnbtn lrkimks k tus gkomdmakans. Ifjmnbzks ifb ;3 jfbnaks kamimfbkdns nb tu ofdsmddf. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. Ifbvnbimstn k ubf an tus ifjpkûnrfs an animrtn df qun nstkok gkimnbaf. ?. Mankstn tfaf nd pdkb y ifbvnbimstn k dfs anjës an ubmrsn k tm. 9. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn gmzf ub `kvfr, y kgfrk sn df nstës anvfdvmnbaf kd kyuakrdf k iujpdmr su jmsmùb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
Ndnlkbtn Qmnbns ub snbtmaf pnr`nitf and okdkbin, y smnjprn usks dks pkdkorks kprfpmkaks pkrk tfak fiksmùb. Qfafs tus jfvmjmnbtfs ifbtmnbnb lrkimk y onddnzk. Nrns rëpmaf, dmlnrf, nxmodn y amnstrf. Qu iunrpf nstë pnr`nitkjnbtn
kaniukaf pkrk dk akbzk, y usks nsk vnbtkek nb ifjoktn pkrk nvkamr ktkquns y kjnbkzks. Ns prfokodn qun tus rfpks tn pnrjmtkb kprfvnigkr tu klmdmaka kd tmnjpf qun sn keustkb k tu snbtmaf an nstmdf y ndnlkbimk. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Klmdmaka5 +? nb tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk
rndkimfbkak ifb jkbtnbnr nd nqumdmormf y jfvmjmnbtfs
•Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. Ifbtrk df qun tn amitkok nd snbtmaf ifjõb, tn ubmstn kd lrupf pfrqun skons qun nstëb nb pndmlrf. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn ifbvnbimù an qun t n ifbvnbêk ubmrtn kd lrupf. 9. Qmnbns ub jkd prnsnbtmjmnbtf sforn df qun pfarêk suinanr sm tus ifjpkûnrfs `kddkb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
@frbmaf
Nrns nxtrnjkakjnbtn `unrtn y `êsmikjnbtn mjpfbnbtn. Gkins ounb usf an nstks iukdmakans, omnb snk k trkvís an dk vmfdnbimk f rnkdmzkbaf prfnzks gnrfmiks. Srfokodnjnbtn snks an ifbstmtuimùb rfoustk y an jõsiudfs juy jkrikafs. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Sfanrêf5 +1 k dk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks tkrnks
qun mjpdmqunb rfjpnr foentfs mbkbmjkafs. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks kiimfbns qun mjpdmqunb skdtkr. •Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krjk jnamkbk f pnskak kamimfbkd. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk. ;. Ifbtrk df qun tn amitkok nd snbtmaf ifjõb, tn ubmstn kd lrupf pfrqun skons qun nstëb nb pndmlrf. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn ifbvnbimù an qun t n ifbvnbêk ubmrtn kd lrupf. 9. Qmnbns ub jkd prnsnbtmjmnbtf sforn df qun pfarêk suinanr sm tus ifjpkûnrfs `kddkb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
@urtmvf Nrns ubk pnrsfbk nsiurrmamzk, smlmdfsk y rëpmak. Nstfs tkdnbtfs tn kyuakb k nsifbanrtn, ansdmzkrtn smdnbimfskjnbtn y rnkdmzkr truifs an prnstmamlmtkimùb. Juy prfokodnjnbtn tu ifbstmtuimùb snk juy andlkak and lkak pnrf orfsk, y tkd vnz bf snks dk pnrsfbk jës kdtk and
lrupf. Sfr ftrf dkaf, ifrrnr bf ns df tuyf, tm nbns jës anstrnzk qun dmlnrnzk an pmns. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5
•Srnstnzk5 +? k dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks `urtmvks. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk f
mbtnrkiimùb qun mjpdmqun jnbtmr, nblkûkr f ifb`ubamr. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nd usf an nsftnrêks f aftns nspnimkdns rndkimfbkaks ifb nd nblkûf y dk mdusmùb. •Mjpnrmimk5 Qn junvns ifb smlmdf pnrf bf ifb rkpmanz. Yn mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka nb ; nb tfaks dks tkrnks
rndkimfbkaks ifb anspdkzkjmnbtf.
•Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. Qrktkstn an gurtkr nd nqumpf an ftrf pnrsfbken pnrf tn klkrrkrfb nb nd kitf. Ifjf ikstmlf, kgfrk anons kifjpkûkr kd lrupf. ??
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N _ F Q S M _ I Y N A
•Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs bninsmtkok qun df kifjpkûkrks anomaf k tus ifbfimjmnbtfs. ?. Bninsmtks ambnrf pkrk iuormr tus nstuamfs. 9. Qn pkrnin qun df qun nstëb gkimnbaf punan ifbauimr k ansiuormjmnbtfs mjpfrtkbtns n mbtnrnskbtns. 1. ^b ifdnlk tn pmamù qun pkrtmimpkrks nb dk jmsmùb ifjf ub `kvfr.
Mblnbmfsf Nrns ubk pnrsfbk juy pnrspmikz ifb nxtrkframbkrmk ikpkimaka an rnkiimùb n mjprfvmskimùb. Ifjprnbans iùjf pmnbsk dk lnbtn, ksê qun pkrk tm ns `ëimd nblkûkrdfs jmnbtrks qun ns am`êimd gkinrtn df jmsjf. Kd tnbnr dk dk ikpkimaka an vnr jës kddë an df kpkrnbtn, punans nvkdukr rëpmakjnbtn ikak smtukimùb ifb mbirnêodn prnimsmùb. Ns prfokodn qun snks ubk akjk `êsmikjnbtn ktrkitmvk f ub gfjorn okstkbtn kpunstf, kubqun tkd vnz tn lustn uskr tu mblnbmf pkrk ifjpnbskr kdlubk ikrnbimk `êsmik f jnbtkd. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Kluanzk5 +? k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb an`nbsk ifbtrk
ktkquns jnbtkdns. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk f mbtnrkiimùb qun mjpdmqun jnbtmr, nblkûkr f ifb`ubamr. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks rndkimfbkaks ifb dk nvkdukimùb f nd ansiuormjmnbtf an pndmlrfs, nblkûfs, iukdmakans, mjpfrtkbimk, `ubimfbns f pfanr. •Mjpnrmimk5 Bubik tn lustù nstuamkr f rntnbnr mb`frjkimùb trmvmkd. Mbirnjnbtk nb ; dk amiudtka kd
mbtnbtkr iukdqumnr tkrnk qun anpnbak an ifbfimjmnbtfs Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
?. Nstkoks smlumnbaf k ubf an dfs pnrsfbkens pfr jftmvfs qun sùdf tõ skons, df iukd tn trkef gkstk kquê. m bvfduirkrks. 9. Kdlumnb tn ifbtrktù pkrk qun tn mbvfduirkrks. 1. Iksukdjnbtn nsiuigkstn ubk ifbvnrskimùb sforn kdlf qun ddkjù tu ktnbimùb y tn kinrikstn kd lrupf.
Mdustrkaf Qn gks anamikaf k dfs nstuamfs, yk snk pfr iunbtk prfpmk f ifb ub mbstruitfr. Ykons kinrik an juigks ifsks y nrns ubk kutfrmaka nb kdlubfs tnjks tkdns ifjf gmstfrmk, omfdflêk, lnflrk`êk, dk bujnbnrk, dk bkturkdnzk f iksm iukdqumnr ftrk ërnk an nstuamf. Dfs pnrsfbkens mdustrkafs bfrjkdjnbtn ddnvkb ifbsmlf ubfs iukbtfs dmorfs y anamikb su tmnjpf dmorn k dk dniturk. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Kluanzk5 + ? k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb trns ërnks and
ifbfimjmnbtf an tu nsiflnbimk. •Mjpnrmimk5 Bf nrns juy kjnbf f ifjubmiktmvf. Yn mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka nb ; nb iukdqumnr tkrnk qun
rnqumnrk ikuskr ubk ounbk mjprnsmùb, pnrsukamr f tnbnr snbtmaf an dk ntmquntk. •Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns afs dmorfs kamimfbkdns sforn ërnks an tu nsiflnbimk. L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
?9
imnbtêifs, kikaíjmifs f an `fdidfrn. •Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Kd vnr k trkvís an
dks jkqumbkimfbns an dfs anjës y nvnbtukdjnbtn ifbvnbinrdfs an nsiuigkrtn, kub iukbaf tkd vnz bf anonrêkb, ifbsmluns inrrkr ounbfs bnlfimfs. Ifjmnbzks ifb ;3 jfbnaks kamimfbkdns. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. Ifbvnbimstn k ubf an dfs pnrsfbkens an qun tn ifbtkrk kinrik an sus pdkbns. ?. An dnefs, puamstn fosnrvkr qun kdlf mbtnrnskbtn nstkok pfr pkskr. 9. An kdlubk jkbnrk tn jntmstn nb dk ifbvnrskimùb pfrqun pmnbsks qun nstk jmsmùb tn punan akr ambnrf. 1. Yfspnigks qun nd lrupf bf tnbarë íxmtf smb tu kyuak.
Mbtndmlnbtn Nrns juy dmstf. Qmnbns ubk nxindnbtn jnjfrmk y ikptks `ëimdjnbtn ifbinptfs qun ftrfs nbiunbtrkb ifb`usfs. Nstk ikpkimaka bf mbamik bninskrmkjnbtn qun gkyks tnbmaf ubk `frjkimùb kikaíjmik, smbf qun gks kprnbamaf juigf aurkbtn tu vmak, prmbimpkdjnbtn pfrqun sn tn gkin `ëimd ifjprnbanr iùjf `ubimfbkb dks ifsks y rntmnbns iksm tfaf. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Kluanzk5 +? k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nd ërnk an
ifbfimjmnbtf qun nsifeks. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr kiimùb qun rnqumnrk rnifrakr f jnjfrmzkr ifsks qun nxpnrmjnbtns amrnitkjnbtn. Sfr nenjpdf, nb vnz an smjpdnjnbtn rnifrakr antkddns qun gks dnêaf nb kdlõb dmorf, punans rnifrakr ub ikjmbf anbtrf an ub smstnjk an tõbndns qun gkyks nxpdfrkaf kbtns. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn prnlubtù tu fpmbmùb sforn dk jmsmùb, skomnbaf qun sm irnêks qun nrk ubk ounbk mank prfokodnjnbtn df snk. ?. Pmstn pftnbimkd nb df qun tus ifjpkûnrfs nstkokb gkimnbaf. 9. Qn pkrnin qun df qun nstëb gkimnbaf punan ifbauimr k ansiuormjmnbtfs mjpfrtkbtns n mbtnrnskbtns. 1. ^b ifdnlk tn pmamù qun pkrtmimpkrks nb dk jmsmùb ifjf ub `kvfr.
Jêstmif/Jniëbmif Qmnbns ub tkdnbtf nspnimkd qun punan snr vmstf an afs jkbnrks. Sunans ifbsmanrkrtn k tm jmsjf ifjf —jêstmif‚, y pfr df tkbtf nb smbtfbêk ifb df pkrkbfrjkd y df sfornbkturkd. F punans ifbsmanrkrtn —jniëbmif‚, y pfr tkbtf kanptf k dk tnibfdflêk y dks jëqumbks. Nb iukdqumnr iksf, tu vnrakanrf tkdnbtf nstë dmlkaf k dk bujnbnrk. Ns prfokodn qun tnblks nxpnrmnbimk y ifbfimjmnbtfs an dfs kbtmlufs, y punaks pnrimomr y jkbnekr dk bujnbnrk, pnrf yk anpnban an tm animamr an quí jkbnrk df gkins. Sunan smlbmikr qun nstks ifbnitkaf —jëlmikjnbtn‚ f
—tnibfdùlmikjnbtn‚. Dfs pnrsfbkens jêstmifs k jnbuaf uskb efyks ifjf kbmddfs y kjudntfs, f tmnbnb tktukens y jkriks qun junstrkb sus mbidmbkimfbns. Dfs pnrsfbkens jniëbmifs tmnbanb k ddnvkr juigks gnrrkjmnbtks, y dks trktkb iksm ifjf tkdmsjkbns. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Kluanzk5 +? k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk kiimfbns y tkrnks rndkimfbkaks manbtmikr f nbtnbanr dk bujnbnrk. •Snrimomr —jklmk‚5 punans pnrimomr sm dk bujnbnrk nstë
kitmvk nb smtukimfbns afban su prnsnbimk bf ns kpkrnbtn. Anons nstuamkr ub foentf f dulkr ifb ktnbimùb pfr ; jmbutf pkrk pfanr snbtmr sm nd tfqun an dfs kbtmlufs nstë forkbaf. •Nbjksikrkr (; pubtf an mbtndnitf)5 Sunans rnkdmzkr pnqunûfs truifs5 ikjomkr tnjpfrkdjnbtn nd ifdfr f
kprnbanr jës kinrik an dk bujnbnrk. 1. Pkrmks snûkdns y pfrtnbtfs tn amrmlmnrfb gkstk kquê.
_kuaf Qn junvns rëpmaf y nrns ikpkz an ifrrnr k lrkb vndfimaka pfr ornvns pnrêfafs an tmnjpf, y an gkinr trkokefs jkbukdns ifb anstrnzk. Iukbaf sn trktk an ktrkvnskr lrkbans amstkbimks rëpmakjnbtn nrns nd jnefr, kubqun bf nrns ounbf pkrk tkrnks qun rnqumnrkb lrkimk f nqumdmormf. Ns prfokodn qun tu iunrpf snk andlkaf y orfsf. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •_kpmanz5 +1 k dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. •_kpmanz5 +1 •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb amsimpdmbks qun
antnrjmbnb dk mbmimktmvk nb ifjoktn. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks qun rnqumnrkb ifrrnr. •Mjpnrmimk5 Nrns rëpmaf pnrf bf bninskrmkjnbtn
nqumdmorkaf f ndnlkbtn. Yn mbirnjnbtk nb ; dk amiudtka
an iukdqumnr tkrnk rndkimfbkak ifb jkbtnbnr nd nqumdmormf f nd okdkbin. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk. ;. Ifbtrk df qun tn amitkok nd snbtmaf ifjõb, tn ubmstn kd lrupf pfrqun skons qun nstëb nb pndmlrf. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn ifbvnbimù an qun tn ifbvnbêk ubmrtn kd lrupf. 9. Qmnbns ub jkd prnsnbtmjmnbtf sforn df qun pfarêk suinanr sm tus ifjpkûnrfs `kddkb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
_nimf Nrns `unrtn y punans rnimomr lrkb ikbtmaka an ikstmlf `êsmif. Sunan qun nxgmoks ubk lurk rfoustk, lrkb
jusiudkturk y ubk jkbaêoudk iukarkak. Dfs pnrsfbkens rnimfs ifb `rniunbimk prnsnbtkb imiktrmins juy vmsmodns. Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •_nsmstnbimk5 + ; kd odmbaken •Pmlfrfsf5 +; k dks tmrkaks an rniupnrkimùb. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn rnkdmzkbaf jkbmforks
an an`nbsk an Sftnbimk.
•Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krjk dmlnrk
kamimfbkd.
•Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
dmjpmkr ubk pnqunûk ërnk, rnpkrkr ub foentf akûkaf, prnpkrkr ifjmak (pnrf bf irnkrdk), y nsn tmpf an ifsks. Bf punans uskr Nbjksikrkr pkrk akûkr k ftrks irmkturks u foentfs. Yùdf punans uskr nstk nsftnrêk sm tmnbns ubk jkbf dmorn y punans pklkr su ifstn an mbtndnitf. Kiimùb. •Mjpnrmimk5 Qmnbns ubk kitmtua f kurk qun dfs anjës nbiunbtrkb ub pfif pnrturokafrk f mbiùjfak. Iukdqumnr tkrnk rndkimfbkak qun rnqumnrk ikrmsjk, pnrsuksmùb f
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk. ;. Nrns nd lukraknspkdaks pnrsfbkd an ubf an dfs pnrsfbkens. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs ns tu gnrjkbf f gnrjkbk, y animamstn vnbmr pkrk ksnlurkrtn qun bf dn pkskrë bkak. 9. Bninsmtks ambnrf pfrqun tu `kjmdmk nstë nbanuakak. 1. Kd vnr qun ubf an dfs pnrsfbkens nstkok smnbaf kjnbkzkaf, skdmstn nb su an`nbsk. Dunlf D unlf ifbvnrskstn ifb íd y kvnrmlukstn sforn dk jmsmùb.
nblkûf, vnrë su amiudtka mbirnjnbtkak nb ;. •Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ubk _krnzk nxtrk
Qnbkz
dk kpkrmnbimk an ub foentf pnqunûf, gkinr qun ftn,
(Antnrjmbkak pfr nd bkrrkafr).
•Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk5 ;. ^b sunûf tn lumf k nstn pubtf. ?. Bninsmtks ambnrf pkrk iuormr tus nstuamfs. 9. Irnns qun dk jmsmùb snrêk ubk ounbk jkbnrk an
Nrns mbnxmodn, rnsundtf n mbanpnbamnbtn. Bkamn tn
punan ifbvnbinr an bkak f ikjomkr tu pkrninr iukbaf bf df qumnrns gkinr. Nstk iukdmaka bf tn gkin mbtndmlnbtn bninskrmkjnbtn, pnrf sê tn gkin ub okstmùb an `unrzk an vfdubtka y antnrjmbkimùb. Juy prfokodnjnbtn tn vmstns y kitõks ifb ub nstmdf õbmif, smb mjpfrtkr df qun dfs anjës pmnbsnb. ?9 ?1
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N _ F Q S M _ I Y N A
Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Antnrjmbkimùb5 +1 k dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. •Antnrjmbkimùb5 +1 •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnsmstmr n`nitfs
jnbtkdns.
•Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr tkrnks qun rnqumnrnb lrkb ifbinbtrkimùb. dk •Mjpnrmimk5 Dk tnbkimaka bf ns df jmsjf qun dk mbtndmlnbimk. Yn mbirnjnbtk nb ub lrkaf dk amiudtka
pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk qun nstí rndkimfbkak ifb rnsfdvnr prfodnjks, kinrtmefs, jnjfrmzkr ifsks f uskr ifbfimjmnbtf and `fdidfrn. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk. ;. Ifbtrk df qun tn amitkok nd snbtmaf ifjõb, tn ubmstn kd lrupf pfrqun skons qun nstëb nb pndmlrf. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn ifbvnbimù an qun t n ifbvnbêk ubmrtn kd lrupf. 9. Qmnbns ub jkd prnsnbtmjmnbtf sforn df qun pfarêk suinanr sm tus ifjpkûnrfs `kddkb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
Qfsif Nrns ub kjkbtn an dk bkturkdnzk kifstujorkaf k vmvmr nb ifbamimfbns mbidnjnbtns, k`rfbtkbaf k dfs ndnjnbtfs ifb pfif jës qun tu mblnbmf. Juy prfokodnjnbtn nrns gëomd pkrk dk ikzk y dk rnifdniimùb, f nrns bkturkdmstk. Dfs kûfs vmvmnbaf kd ansikjpkaf gkb anekaf su gunddk nb tu snjodkbtn anslkstkaf, ikonddfs mbafjkodns, f imiktrmins. Qus rfpks sfb bftfrmkjnbtn jnbfs rnbkaks qun dks an
dfs imuakakbfs ifjubns.
Fotmnbns dfs smlumnbtns onbnimfs5 •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk qun rnqumnrk nsikdkr, skdtkr, ifrrnr y bkakr. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk rndkimfbkak ifb nd trktf an kbmjkdns smdvnstrns. •Ifjpntnbimk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk
nsftnrêks f truifs pkrk msfs y bkbfs. Ikak smbludkrmaka tkjomíb f`rnin sulnrnbimks kd bkrrkafr y k dfs eulkafrns sforn pfsmodns n`nitfs an juy ounbks f jkdks tmrkaks an akafs. Jmnbtrks prflrnsks k iktnlfrêks jës kdtks, tu smbludkrmaka tn ifbnrn jës aftns. Dfs onbnimfs an
ikak iktnlfrêk sfb iujudktmvfs k jnbfs qun sn mbamqun df ifbtrkrmf.
Kinigk nb dfs Ikddnefbns Nd okbamaf, nd rktnrf, nd ikrtnrmstk5 nstfs sfb mbamvmaufs pndmlrfsfs qun kinigkb dfs ikddnefbns an ikak ifjubmaka. Nrns ub dkarùb nb ubk imuaka f punodf, qumnb vmvn k nxpnbsks an dfs kambnrkafs. Qus tkdnbtfs, smb njokrlf, tn gkb prnpkrkaf pkrk tfaf tmpf an kitmvmakans qun vkb jës kddë an smjpdnjnbtn nstkr nsifbamaf nb ub ikddneùb f trnpkr k ubk vnbtkbk. ^sukdjnbtn trktks an ifb`ubamrtn nbtrn dk judtmtua. Ftrks vnins, iukbaf nstës nb ubk jmsmùb, vmstns an bnlrf ifb rfpks keustkaks qun tn pnrjmtkb nsikouddmrtn nbtrn dks sfjorks. Dk jkyfrêk an dfs okbamafs sfb msfs, pnrf dfs bkbfs punanb snr dkarfbns mbtnrnskbtns tkjomíb. ^b okbamaf ldkamf prfokodnjnbtn ifjntn irêjnbns an jkbnrks jnbfs sutmdns. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk tn ifbfin ansan gkin tmnjpf y tn ifbvnbimù an ane kr tu vmak an andmbiunbimk pkrk anamikrtn k ftrks kitmvmakans, kd jnbfs tnjpfrkdjnbtn. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub nqumpf an gnrrkjmnbtks dmlnrks. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Sunans mbtnbtkr nsifbanrtn mbjnamktkjnbtn dunlf an nstk kiimùb. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Sunans rnkdmzkr ubk snlubak kiimùb mbjnamktkjnbtn aurkbtn nstn turbf.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Dkarùb5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks rndkimfbkak k dk manbtmikimùb y usf an pdkbtks bkturkdns. `urtmvks, gurtkr y `frzkr inrrkaurks. @kiudtka. •Mjpnrmimk5 Bf nrns juy kjnbf f ifjubmiktmvf, Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ifbtkitfs Irmjmbkdns5 Ifbfins k y prnnrns k dfs kbmjkdns qun k dks pnrsfbks. Yn mbirnjnbtk dk amiudtka nb ; nb iukdqumnr tkrnk qun
rnqumnrk ikuskr ubk ounbk mjprnsmùb, pnrsukamr, nblkûkr f tnbnr snbtmaf an dk ntmquntk. •Nqumpf kamimfbkd mbmimkd5 Ddnvks ub nqumpf an
nxpdfrkafr. Ym yk tmnbns ubf, nbtfbins punans kûkamr ;>
jntrfs an iunrak, rkimfbns pkrk afs aêks kamimfbkdns y ub krjk an amstkbimk kamimfbkd. •Ifbnxmùb mbmimkd ifb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk y nd
lrupf5 an dk smlumnbtn dmstk an fpimfbns, nsifln iùjf tn vmstn nbvundtf nb dk prmjnrk kvnbturk. ;. Ifbtrk df qun tn amitkok nd snbtmaf ifjõb, tn ubmstn kd lrupf pfrqun skons qun nstëb nb pndmlrf. ?. ^bf an tus ifjpkûnrfs tn ifbvnbimù an qun t n ifbvnbêk ubmrtn kd lrupf. 9. Qmnbns ub jkd prnsnbtmjmnbtf sforn df qun pfarêk suinanr sm tus ifjpkûnrfs `kddkb. 1. Yn f`rnin ubk rnifjpnbsk y bninsmtks nd ambnrf.
YMBL^DK_MAKANY
Iukbaf nsiflns dk smbludkrmaka an tu pnrsfbken, nstkodnins ubk ifbnxmùb nspnimkd ifb ubf an tus ifjpkûnrfs an eunlf, ubk aftn an prmjnrk iktnlfrêk, y tkd vnz nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd. ^bks pfiks smbludkrmakans f`rninb kdtnrkimfbns sutmdns an kdlubks L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
?>
juigk lnbtn nb ubk mbbmaka an ifjubmakans
anamikaks k kitmvmakans mdnlkdns. Nstks pnrsfbks bf sfb bninskrmkjnbtn tus kjmlfs y punanb bf snr an ifbkbzk, pnrf tn ifbsmanrkb ub ifdnlk. Nd bkrrkafr
y tõ anonrëb trkokekr nb dfs antkddns an tus ifbtkitfs irmjmbkdns. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Qfaf Pkdn (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Iukbaf nstís frlkbmzkbaf ubk nstk`k, gurtkbaf, nblkûkbaf k kdlõb mbikutf, pkskbaf kdlf an ifbtrkokbaf, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf, dk d k tkrnk tmnbn ubk amiudtka amsjmbumak nb
;. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Jknstrf Dkarùb5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk trnpkr, nsikpkrtn an ktkaurks, ansdmzkrtn pfr dulkrns nstrnigfs, y ftrks tkrnks amlbks an ub ifbtfrsmfbmstk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Sndnk Yuimk (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Amstrkns, imnlks, jfdnstks, fostkiudmzks, f mbtnrnrns
an iukdqumnr jkbnrk ifb dks kiimfbns an ub fpfbnbtn, amiudtkbaf su ktkqun y an`nbsk pfr ; jmbutf. Ifjf rnsudtkaf, dk amiudtka an tus tmrkaks an an`nbsk y
ktkqun ifbtrk nsn fpfbnbtn ns rnauimak nb ;. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 05 _ktk an Ikddneùb (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Jmnbtrks tn nbiunbtrns nb ubk imuaka, nbiunbtrks f
irnks ub ktkef sustkbimkd, ubk nbtrkak snirntk f ubk skdmak an njnrlnbimk afban pkrniêk bf nxmstmr bmblubk. Nd bkrrkafr y tõ anonrëb trkokekr nb dfs antkddns. Kiimùb.
Kaeuamik dk Junrtn
Nd jfrtkd ksnsmbf ns ub jknstrf neniutfr. Bf gky bkamn jnefr pkrk ansdmzkrsn anbtrf an ub dulkr, ndmjmbkr ub foentmvf, y nsikouddmrsn. Fovmkjnbtn, ns prfokodn qun ub ksnsmbf prf`nsmfbkd bf tnblk juigfs kjmlfs. Qkd vnz usns ifdfrns fsiurfs, bnlrf, lrms pdfjf, f kzud jkrmbf, pkrk kyuakrtn k `ubamrtn ifb dks sfjorks. Kubqun, ifjf nrns tkjomíb ub jknstrf and ams`rkz, rnkdjnbtn pfarêks duimr ifjf iukdqumnr pnrsfbk. Iukdqumnr pnrsfbken pfarêk snr ub ksnsmbf. Dfs msfs sfb dfs jnefrns ikbamaktfs, pnrf dfs bkbfs ifb sus nsftnrêks f dfs ldkamfs ifb sus gkomdmakans an ifjoktn tkjomíb punanb snr ksnsmbfs juy nimnbtns.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk ifbfin tu vnrakanrk manbtmaka, tu prf`nsmùb y tus kbtninanbtns. Skrk tfafs dfs anjës, dk vnraka kinrik an tm ns ub snirntf indfskjnbtn lukrakaf. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub hmt an ams`rkz y trns afsms an vnbnbf pkrk aklks an bmvnd ?, nd iukd mbmln > pubtfs an akûf.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Yùdf nd foentmvf sn ak iunbtk qun gkins nd ktkqun. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Ym tmnbns vnbnbf nbtrn tus pnrtnbnbimks, gks smaf ikpkz an kpdmikrdf eustf kbtns an ktkikr, kûkamnbaf nd n`nitf and vnbnbf kd akûf a kûf bfrjkd.
YMBL^DK_MAKANY Kaeuamik dk Junrtn Kbmjk nd Kjomnbtn Kinigk nb dfs Ikddnefbns Ikzk ifb Lrkb Anstrnzk Ifbtrfdk dk Lrkvnaka Ifbtrfdk dks Onstmks Irnk Mdusmfbns Ansktk su @urmk Afjmbk nd _ndëjpklf Afjmbk dk An`nbsk Afjmbk dks Krjks Afjmbk dfs Sfanrns an dk Jnbtn Njpdnk nd Jklbntmsjf Njpuûk Afs Krjks k dk Pnz Nxmstn Skrimkdjnbtn @unrk an Nstn Sdkbf Nxpdfrk Dulkrns Fsiurfs
@kormik Foentfs Õbmifs @usmfbk df Frlëbmif ifb nd Kinrf Gkodk ifb dks Jëqumbks Gkin Jmdklrfs Dn Kõddk k dk Dubk
Dmanrk Ddnvk ub Ikrike Ddnvk ubk Nstndk an Gmndf Duigk ifb Nstmdf Jkbnek su Sfanr ifb Srnimsmùb Jkbmpudk dk Jktnrmk ifb dk Jnbtn Sfrtk ub Gkdf an @unlf Pmvn k dk Mbtnjpnrmn
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ktkqun Yfrprnsk5 Ym ktkiks ansan ubk uomikimùb fiudtk, ifb sfrprnsk, f kbtns an qun tu
Iktnlfrêk 05 Sdkb an Nsikpn5 Iukbaf ndmjmbns k ub fpfbnbtn, punans mbtnbtkr ubk kiimùb `urtmvk pkrk nsifbanrtn mbjnamktkjnbtn an tfafs k tu kdrnanafr, ksujmnbaf qun punaks nbifbtrkr ub nsifbamtn kaniukaf. @kiudtka.
fpfbnbtn punak kitukr, amsjmbuyns nb ; dk amiudtka an tu ktkqun. Ym dflrks lfdpnkr, m bmlns ? pubtfs an akûf
Kbmjk nd Kjomnbtn
kamimfbkdns. @kiudtka. Ksnsmbf Nbtrnbkaf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd jfvnrtn `urtmvkjnbtn y nb tkrnks qun rnqumnrkb ub ams`rkz. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Junrtn Yõomtk (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5
Ykons iùjf jktkr rëpmakjnbtn. Iukbaf lfdpnns ifb ub ktkqun iunrpf k iunrpf f an amstkbimk, gkins 1 pubtfs
an akûf kamimfbkdns. Bf punans rnkdmzkr nstn ktkqun pfr afs vundtks ifbsniutmvks. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 Krtê`min and Pnbnbf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd prnpkrkr, pnrimomr, manbtmikr y rnsmstmr vnbnbfs.
@kiudtka. Mb`mdtrkafr Nbtrnbkaf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk f mbtnrkiimùb qun mjpdmqun jnbtmr f nblkûkr. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Ktkqun Yfrprnsk Jnefrkaf5 Ym ktkiks ansan ubk uomikimùb fiudtk, ifb sfrprnsk, f kbtns an qun tu fpfbnbtn punak kitukr, amsjmbuyns nb ; dk amiudtka an tu ktkqun. Ym dflrks lfdpnkr, m bmlns ?
pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkdns. Nstfs n`nitfs sn sujkb k kqunddfs ftfrlkafs pfr nd Ktkqun Yfrprnsk, akbaf ubk amsjmbuimùb tftkd an amiudtka nb ?, y ub tftkd an 1
pubtfs kamimfbkdns an akûf. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Neniutkr (> pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ifb ub ktkqun rëpmaf y sõomtf, kdikbzks k tu fpfbnbtn nb ub pubtf vmtkd. Ym nd foentmvf ns an bmvnd 9 f jnbfs, ns
dmqumakaf mbjnamktkjnbtn. Kiimùb.
Nrns ub krtmstk. Sunan qun ikbtns, okmdns, anidkjns, bkrrns gmstfrmks f gklks ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Nbtrks k nsinbk pkrk nd onbnimf an dfs anjës. Nrns
bkturkdjnbtn ikrmsjëtmif y tkdnbtfsf, pnrf tkjomíb gks nstuamkaf pkrk afjmbkr tu krtn. Ifbfins tfafs dfs pfnjks, ikbimfbns, igmstns n gmstfrmks idësmiks, pnrf tkjomíb nrns ounbf pkrk irnkr tu prfpmf rnpnrtfrmf. Srfokodnjnbtn usns rfpks juy vmstfsks f k dk jfak, ifsjítmifs, tktukens f pnmbkafs pkrk kûkamr n`nitfs arkjëtmifs. Nd trkokef and krtmstk dn qunak jnefr k dfs msfs, pnrf gky ldkamfs y bkbfs qun punanb snr juy ounbfs kbmjkafrns. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk ns tu jës aurk irêtmik. Qus gkomdmakans pkrk kyuakr f mbspmrkr bf tmnbnb n`nitf sforn nddk. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub mbstrujnbtf jusmikd u ftrks gnrrkjmnbtks qun bninsmtns pkrk nbtrntnbnr. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Ansdujorks kd foentmvf, qumnb pnrjkbnin `ksimbkaf jmnbtrks ifbinbtrns tfak tu ktnbimùb nb snlumrdf gkimnbaf. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Nd foentmvf tmnbn ubk kitmtua pfsmtmvk gkimk tm pkrk smnjprn. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Dmlnrnzk5 K trkvís an tus nbikbtfs, mblnbmf, gujfr y ndnlkbimk, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr mbtnrkiimùb sfimkd qun bf mjpdmqun ifnrimùb bm mbtmjmakimùb. Aurkbtn dfs ansikbsfs, dflrks qun tus ?> ?0
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
ifjpkûnrfs y ikjkrkaks sn smnbtkb tkb k lustf qun lkbkb +; nb sus tmrkaks an rniupnrkimùb. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Mbspmrkr5 K trkvís an gmstfrmks, ikbimfbns, krtn u ftrks jkbnrks an nbtrntnbnr, mbspmrks k tus kjmlfs. Dunlf an pkskr ?7 gfrks ifbtmlf, tus ifjpkûnrfs punanb amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb ; ubk vnz kd aêk. Dfs onbnimfs pnrjkbninb jmnbtrks
pnrjkbnziks nb nd lrupf. Nd n`nitf tnrjmbk sm tn vks,
pnrf sn rnkitmvk sm rnlrnsks ifb nddfs nb jnbfs an ?7 gfrks. Ym tn kdneks an tus ifjpkûnrfs pfr jës an ?7 gfrks, anons vfdvnr k pkskr ?7 gfrks nb nd lrupf pkrk rnkitmvkr nd onbnimf. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Ifbfimjmnbtf5 Qus gmstfrmks ifbtmnbnb skomaurêk. Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb afs amsimpdmbks qun nsifeks. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Skim`mikr (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 K trkvís an orfjks, ikbimfbns u ftrks krtns, nvmtks qun ub nbnjmlf ktkqun kdlõb foentf f pnrsfbk pfr ubk vundtk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk >5 Ksmstnbimk Fpfrtubk5 Iukbaf kyuaks k kdlumnb ifb ubk tkrnk, smnjprn rnauins dk amiudtka nb ;,
smb mjpfrtkr sm nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nddk. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Jknstrf Krtmstk5 Qu aftn Mbspmrkr `ubimfbk juigf jnefr, pnrjmtmnbaf qun tus ifjpkûnrfs punakb amsjmbumr dk amiudtka an ubk tkrnk nb ?. @kiudtka.
Ikzk ifb Lrkb Anstrnzk Nrns ub rkstrnkafr. Qkd vnz ikzks dfs kbmjkdns f irmkturks jës jfrtê`nrks. Qkd vnz rkstrnns mbamvmaufs ifjf ub ikzk rnifjpnbsks, klnbtn and franb, f ksnsmbf k sundaf. Ynk ifjf snk tu `frjk an ikzkr, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk kinigkr prnsks y bnutrkdmzkrdks. Nrns ub mbamvmauf pndmlrfsf. Ym ikzks kbmjkdns f irmkturks, tkd vnz ddnvns trf`nfs an pmnzks fotnbmaks, ifjf ifdjmddfs f pmndns. Ym nrns ub ikzk rnifjpnbsks, prfokodnjnbtn nstís kafrbkaf ifb iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak mbtmjmakr k tu prnsk, an jkbnrk qun smnbtk qun bf tmnbn nsikpktfrmk. Dk jkyfrêk an dfs ikzkafrns sfb ldkamfs, pnrf dfs msfs y dfs bkbfs kpfrtkb gkomdmakans õbmiks k dk ikzk. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nsk pnrsfbk tn vmf jfstrkr sfrprnsmvk pmnaka gkimk tu prnsk, y kgfrk nspnrks qun jkbtnblk nsk mb`frjkimùb nb snirntf. Sfarêk akûkr tu rnputkimùb. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ddnvks oftks qun kjfrtmlukb nd sfbmaf an tus pksfs, aëbaftn ubk ofbmikimùb an +;
k iukdqumnr tmrkak qun mjpdmqun jfvmjmnbtf `urtmvf.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Sunans mbtnbtkr ubk kiimùb mbtmjmaktfrmk pkrk gkinr qun tu nbnjmlf sn rmbak mbjnamktkjnbtn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Qu nbnjmlf sn pkrkdmzk, ktnrrkaf pfr tu krrfef, y bf kitõk aurkbtn su prùxmjf turbf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 _kstrnkr5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd snlumr n manbtmikr gunddks. @kiudtka.
Kinigkr5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb tfaks dks `frjks an jfvmjmnbtf (mbiduynbaf nsikdkr, bkakr, skdtkr, y jkbtnbnr nd nqumdmormf). @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ymlmdf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn kd jfvnrtn `urtmvkjnbtn y kd tfjkr dk mbmimktmvk. @kiudtka. L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
?<
Sdkiken (? pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Sunans ifrrnr ubk amstkbimk ifrtk y gkinr ub ktkqun iunrpf k iunrpf pkrk kprnskr k ub fpfbnbtn an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf. ^b ktkqun nxmtfsf smlbmik qun kdikbzkstn k tu fpfbnbtn
y df antuvmstn sm sn nstkok jfvmnbaf (nstf punan snr ifbsmanrkaf ub anrrmof, sm sn punan). Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Srnsk (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Yndniimfbk ubk prnsk (ubk irmkturk mbamvmaukd qun punaks vnr). Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks tkrnks qun mjpdmqunb snlumr, ifjprnbanr, mbtnrkitukr f duigkr ifbtrk nsk irmkturk. Sunans tnbnr ubk sfdk prnsk k dk vnz. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 15 Ktkqun Yfrprnsk5 Ym ktkiks ansan ubk uomikimùb fiudtk, ifb sfrprnsk, f kbtns an qun tu fpfbnbtn punak kitukr, amsjmbuyns nb ; dk amiudtka an tu ktkqun. Ym dflrks lfdpnkr, m bmlns ? pubtfs an akûf
kamimfbkdns. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Êjpntu an Ikzkafr (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Lrkimks k tu `unrzk an vfdubtka, ikak vnz qun df ansnns, lkbks jkyfr anstrnzk nb dk ikzk pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Aurkbtn nstn tmnjpf, amsjmbuyns nb ; dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun sn rndkimfbnb ifb
tu prnsk, mbiduynbaf ktkquns. Qu prnsk ns dk irmkturk sndniimfbkak ifb tu aftn an iktnlfrêk 9. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Srnsks Jõdtmpdns (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Nstk aftn `ubimfbk ifjf dk an iktnlfrêk 9, ifb dk am`nrnbimk an qun punans sndniimfbkr gkstk 9 irmkturks
ifjf prnsk. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr k dks trns irmkturks iukbaf mbmimks nstk aftn. Nd Êjpntu an Ikzkafr kpdmik pkrk dks 9 irmkturks. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Ifbtrfdk dk Lrkvnaka Dk lrkvnaka anomù gkonr smaf ubk lrkb prnfiupkimùb pkrk dk lnbtn an ípfiks pkskaks anomaf k dks tkbtks jkbnrks an ifbtrfdkrdk qun nxmstnb nb dk bujnbnrk. K ikusk an dfs ikprmigfs and anstmbf, kdlõb nxtrkûf amspfsmtmvf, f mbtnrvnbimùb supnrbkturkd (f ubk ifjombkimùb an tfaks), gks kprnbamaf k jkbmpudkr nd pfanr an dk lrkvnaka. Nrns ub mbamvmauf jmstnrmfsf ifbnitkaf ifb nd amstkbtn pkskaf. Ns juy prfokodn qun snks an kvkbzkak naka, gkomnbaf pkskaf dk jkyfr pkrtn an tu vmak pnr`niimfbkbaf tus nxtrkûfs y kbtmlufs afbns. Sfsmodnjnbtn usns rfpkens kbigfs y fbaudkbtns qun gklkb eunlf ifb tus gkomdmakans lrkvmtkimfbkdns, pnrf qun nsifbakb tu manbtmaka n mbtnbimfbns. Dks prfokomdmakans an pfsnnr nstk smbludkrmaka sfb mlukdns pkrk tfaks dks idksns, pnrf nd pfanr nb sê ns rkrf. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nb nd pkskaf rnimnbtn, jmnbtrks uskoks tus pfanrns lrkvmtkimfbkdns, kiimanbtkdjnbtn gmimstn qun skdmnrk amspkrkaf gkimk krrmok f sn anspdfjkrk gkimk nd sundf. Nb iukdqumnr iksf, iksm bf vmvn pkrk ifbtkrdf. Anpnban an nsk pnrsfbk animamr sm tn lukrak rnbifr, tn tnjn, f t n pnrafbk. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ubk _krnzk and tkjkûf an ubk pdujk qun tn pnrjmtn skonr nd pnsf an iukdqumnr ifsk ifb sùdf kpubtkrdk. @ubimfbk k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. ^b pnqunûf irmstkd nb nd amspfsmtmvf junstrk nd pnsf, pnrf nb ub dnbluken rõbmif qun sùdf tõ punans ansim`rkr. Yulnrnbimks an n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk aurkimùb an ub n`nitf sn aupdmik. Yulnrnbimks an n`nitfs jkyfrns5 ^b foentf
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
mjpfrtkbtn qun sn nbiunbtrk nb pfsnsmùb and fpfbnbtn qunak anstrumaf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Dnvmtkr (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 @dftks dnbtkjnbtn nb nd kmrn. Sunans õbmikjnbtn ifbinbtrkrtn nb pnrjkbninr mbjùvmd nb nd kmrn, f ansdmzkrtn sforn ubk amstkbimk ifrtk ifjf kiimùb. An ftrk `frjk, tn junvns mjpudskaf pfr dk mbnrimk, nd vmnbtf f kdlõb mjpudsf qun gkyks lkbkaf. Nd n`nitf aurk gkstk ;3 jmbutfs. Ym kamimfbkdjnbtn tmnbns dk nsftnrêk f snirntf and fimf dnvmtkr, punans ftkr pfr ?3 jmbutfs y jfvnrtn k tu
vndfimaka bfrjkd. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ktrkiimùb Lrkvmtkimfbkd Amsjmbumak5 Kd jkbmpudkr dk ktrkiimùb lrkvmtkimfbkd sforn tm jmsjf, lkbks +; an Pnbtkek nb Pndfimaka. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Ans`ksn Lrkvmtkimfbkd (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans gkinr akûf k ub foentmvf k ifrtk amstkbimk kd jfamikr vmfdnbtkjnbtn dk
ktrkiimùb lrkvmtkimfbkd nb afs pkrtns an su iunrpf (mbirnjnbtëbafdk nb ubk pfrimùb y amsjmbuyíbafdk nb ftrk). Mbmln 0 pubtfs an akûf. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Ikjpf Lrkvmtkimfbkd (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, jkbmpudks dk lrkvnaka k tu kdrnanafr ktrkynbaf iukdqumnr prfynitmd amrmlmaf k tm gkimk nd sundf. Nrns mbjubn k dfs ktkquns `êsmifs k amstkbimk gkstk tu turbf aurkbtn dk prùxmjk vundtk. Anons skonr qun nstës smnbaf ktkikaf pkrk nvmtkrdf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Pundf (1+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans ftkr y vfdkr pfr nd kmrn pfr ubk gfrk. Sfr ikak bmvnd
an Ns`unrzf kpdmikaf punans k`nitkr k ubk irmkturk kamimfbkd an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûk. Anons tfikr k dk irmkturk pkrk ifb`nrmrdn nd pfanr an vfdkr. Amrmlns dfs jfvmjmnbtfs an dk ftrk irmkturk, y jmnbtrks nstí vfdkbaf anon pnrjkbninr anbtrf an tu ikjpf vmsukd f iknr. Dk vndfimaka and vundf ns an 9? hmdùjntrfs pfr gfrk y bf ns
k`nitkak pfr nd tnrrnbf. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Srmsmùb Lrkvmtkimfbkd (0+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans kujnbtkr arkjëtmikjnbtn nd pnsf an ub foentmvf, gkimnbaf qun snk ktrkêaf gkimk nd sundf y qunan mbjfvmdmzkaf pfr su prfpmf pnsf pfr ub jmbutf. Nd foentmvf anon nstkr k ifrtk amstkbimk. Sfr ikak bmvnd an Ns`unrzf kpdmikaf, punans k`nitkr k ubk irmkturk kamimfbkd. Kiimùb.
Ifbtrfdk dks Onstmks
Animr qun tmnbns `kimdmaka pkrk trktkr ifb kbmjkdns y
irmkturks bf gujkbks bf snrêk suimnbtn. Qu afjmbmf y
ifjubmikimùb ifb dks onstmks pkrnin sfornbkturkd. Nddks Ndd ks sn kinrikb k tm smb tnjfr, y bf ns rkrf vnr kvns pfskrsn sforn tu gfjorf f kbmjkdns pnqunûfs nsikdkbaf pfr tus orkzfs y pmnrbks. Srfokodnjnbtn ddnvks rfpks rõstmiks y ubk kpkrmnbimk nbvnenimak y anskdmûkak qun sulmnrn ubk nxmstnbimk rõstmik. Qkd vnz gkstk gundks ifjf ub kbmjkd. Iukdqumnr idksn pfarêk tnbnr nstk smbludkrmaka. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Ístn pkrnin pnrturokr k tus irmkturks an ubk jkbnrk qun bf punans nxpdmikrtn. Yùdf skons qun tmnbns qun jkbtnbnr k tus kbmjkdns `unrk an su kdikbin f pfarêks pnranr nd ifbtrfd sforn nddfs. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns rkimfbns pkrk 9 aêks pkrk tu ifjpkûnrf kbmjkd, y kanjës ub krbís, ifrrnk f pnrtrnigfs smjmdkrns. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk aurkimùb an dk ikdjk f nd ifbtrfd sforn ubk onstmk sn aupdmik. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Dk aurkimùb an dk ikdjk f nd ifbtrfd sforn ubk onstmk sn nxtmnban k ?7
gfrks.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ifjpkûêk Kbmjkd5 ^bk irmkturk an bmvnd ? an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûk tn kifjpkûk y smlun tus ùranbns. Anons trkokekr nb dfs antkddns an dk irmkturk ifb nd bkrrkafr, y prfokodnjnbtn tnblks qun gkinr tmrkaks pfr sus kiimfbns f iukbaf nbtrn nb ifjoktn. Dk onstmk kitõk nb tu turbf. Ym tu irmkturk junrn, punans ?< ?7
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
skdmr k ikzkr nb kdlõb pkrken smdvnstrn gkstk ifbsnlumr ubk onstmk an ifjpkûêk. Qn tfjk ;a0 aêks ifbsnlumrdk.
@kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Yfsnlkr df Ykdvken (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikdjks k ubk onstmk bf gujkbk qun nstí kd jnbfs k = jntrfs. Anons pfanr gkodkrdn, kubqun bf nbtmnbak dks pkdkorks, y anons nstkr anbtrf an su kdikbin vmsukd. Snrjkbnin ikdjkak pfr ; jmbutf f jmnbtrks ifbinbtrns tu ktnbimùb nb nddk. Nd bkrrkafr animan quí punan ifbtkr ifjf onstmk bf gujkbk. Ykons iuëbaf punans k`nitkr k ubk irmkturk kbtns an mbtnbtkr uskr nstk aftn, k jnbfs qun kdlõb tmpf an nblkûf f mdusmùb md usmùb nstí forkbaf. Nxtrktnrrnstrns, nbtmakans nxtrk amjnbsmfbkdns, irmkturks juy mbtndmlnbtns, y kutùjktks bubik sfb k`nitkaks. Kiimùb. Ifjubmikimùb (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans trkbsjmtmr f ifjubmikr ub ifbinptf oësmif k ubk irmkturk qun, okef imriubstkbimks bfrjkdns, bf punak gkodkr f ifjprnbanr nd gkodk. Dk irmkturk tkjomíb pfarë akr ubk rnspunstk smjpdn k ubk prnlubtk snbimddk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 Jfbturk5 ^bk irmkturk an bmvnd 9 tn smrvn an jfbturk y smlun tus mbstruiimfbns. Jmnbtrks nstís sforn nddk, dk irmkturk sn punan jfvnr y tõ punans ktkikr nb tu turbf, f punanb ktkikr kjofs. Anons trkokekr nb dfs antkddns an dk irmkturk ifb nd bkrrkafr, y prfokodnjnbtn tnblks qun gkinr tmrkaks pfr sus kiimfbns f iukbaf nbtrn nb ifjoktn. Dk irmkturk kitõk nb tu turbf. Ym dk jfbturk junrn, punans skdmr k ikzkr nb kdlõb pkrken smdvnstrn pfr ;A0 aêks pkrk nbifbtrkr ubk bunvk.
@kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Fefs an Onstmk (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans pnrimomr k trkvís an dfs snbtmafs an tu ifjpkûêk kbmjkd sm nstë k jnbfs an ;.0 hmdùjntrfs. Nd n`nitf sùdf
aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Kiimùb pkrk nstkodninr ifbtkitf. Ifjpkûêk Jnefrkak5 Qu ifjpkûêk kbmjkd kujnbtk k bmvnd 1. @kiudtka
Ifbnxmùb5 Ndmln k ub pnrsfbken. Ístn bubik nbiunbtrk tus mdusmfbns ifbvmbinbtns y bf punan snr k`nitkaf pfr tus aftns. Sunans nsiflnr skonr f bf nstn antkddn. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Sfsnns ubk _krnzk qun pkrnin snr ubk pmnzk an irmstkd trkbspkrnbtn nb ub jkrif an smbtn. Kd jkbmpudkr mbtnrruptfrns fiudtfs nb nd jkrif, punans gkinr kpkrninr mjëlnbns kd kzkr nb nd irmstkd. ^sukdjnbtn dks mjëlnbns sfb nxtrkûks y k vnins mbifjprnbsmodns. Nsftnrêks psmifaídmiks5 Ym rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, nddks tmnbnb smnjprn ddkjktmvfs n`nitfs vmsukdns y sfbfrfs an tu nsiflnbimk. Nstk kdtnrkimùb bf ikjomk nb bkak nd n`nitf an dk nsftnrêk, sùdf su kspnitf vmsukd. Sfr nenjpdf, tus nsftnrêks an ktkqun punanb tfjkr dk `frjk an jfbstrufs qun ktkikb k tus nbnjmlfs. Dk nsftnrêk nstksms pfarêk duimr ifjf ubk irmkturk ifb tnbtëiudfs qun mbjfvmdmzk k dk vêitmjk. Qu nsftnrêk Qndntrkbspfrtn punan tfjkr dk `frjk an ub kluenrf nb nd nspkimf qun sn korn y tn trklk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Qu mdusmùb ifbtmnbn kdlf nspnimkd, tkd vnz ub fosnrvkafr rndkimfbk kdlf an nddk ifb su pkskaf. Yulnrnbimk pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Dk mdusmùb aurk ubk gfrk. Ym yk tmnbn nsk aurkimùb, nbtfbins sn nxtmnban pfr ?7 gfrks.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Ddkjkak an dk Onstmk (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Mbvfiks k ubk gfrak an kbmjkdns pnqunûfs f ubk onstmk an bmvnd 1 qun kiuamrë nb tu kyuak
tnjpfrkdjnbtn. Nstks irmkturks gkinb df qun dns franbns jmnbtrks tn jkbtnblks ifbinbtrkaf, pnrf anons uskr ubk kiimùb ikak turbf pkrk amrmlmrdks. Dks irmkturks sfb bktmvks an dk zfbk, y ddnlkb pfr sus prfpmfs jnamfs, ksê qun sm nstës nb ub dulkr mbkdikbzkodn nstk aftn bf `ubimfbkrë. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ifbtrfdk df Mbaùjmtf (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans ikdjkr k ubk onstmk bf gujkbk qun nstí kd jnbfs k = jntrfs an amstkbimk. Dk ifbtrfdks jmnbtrks jkbtnblks tfak tu ifbinbtrkimùb nb nddk uskbaf tu turbf ikak vundtk. Nd bkrrkafr animan quí punan ifbtkr ifjf onstmk bf gujkbk. Ykons iuëbaf punans k`nitkr k ubk irmkturk kbtns an mbtnbtkr uskr nstk aftn, k jnbfs qun kdlõb tmpf an nblkûf f mdusmùb md usmùb nstí forkbaf. Nxtrktnrrnstrns, nbtmakans nxtrk amjnbsmfbkdns, irmkturks juy mbtndmlnbtns y kutùjktks bubik sfb k`nitkaks. Kiimùb. Ifjpkûêk Jnefrkak5 Qu ifjpkûêk kbmjkd kujnbtk k bmvnd >. @kiudtka.
Irnk Mdusmfbns ^sks dk bujnbnrk pkrk irnkr mjëlnbns gfdflrëiks
ifb juigf rnkdmsjf. Nrns an gnigf ub krtmstk, ub
krtêin an dk duz y nd sfbmaf. Dks mjëlnbns gfdflrëiks L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
bf punanb ikuskr akûf f nenrinr `unrzk kdlubk, pnrf punanb ddnlkr k nblkûkr pkrk gkinr qun ftrfs ikjomnb sus fpmbmfbns f ifjpfrtkjmnbtfs sm nrns mblnbmfsf. Srfokodnjnbtn tn lustn dk rfpk juy ifdfrmak y ifb nstmdf. Dk kpkrmnbimk ns mjpfrtkbtn pkrk tm, tkbtf dk onddnzk ifjf dk `nkdaka. Nrns ub krtmstk kuamfvmsukd qun punan nbtrntnbnr, ktnrrfrmzkr f nblkûkr k iukdqumnrk. ^b bkbf ns nd jnefr ikbamaktf pkrk snr mdusmfbmstk, pnrf dfs msf tkjomíb skikb juigf prfvnigf k dfs gfdflrkjks. ^b ldkamf mdusmfbmstk bf ns ifjõb, pnrf punan kprfvnigkr dfs truifs juy omnb nb oktkddk.
?=
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Mdusmùb Jnbfr (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk õbmik mjklnb an ubk irmkturk u foentf k ifrtk amstkbimk. Dk mjklnb anon ikonr nb ub iuof an 9
jntrfs. Dk mjklnb sn punan jfvnr (pfr nenjpdf, punans gkinr qun ikjmbn f ktkqun), pnrf bf punans gkinr qun anen nd nspkimf and iuof. Dk mdusmùb mbiduyn sfbmaf pnrf bf fdfr. Aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Ym bninsmtks qun dk mjklnb ikjomn smlbmiktmvkjnbtn (pfr nenjpdf, gkinr qun
pkrnzik gnrmak), anons ifbinbtrkrtn nb nddk an bunvf smb ifstf kamimfbkd nb pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. Ym tn junvns jës kddë an ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk kd iuof, dk mdusmùb sn ansvkbnin. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr, kiimùb pkrk jfamikr.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ams`rkz (?+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Skrnins snr ftrk pnrsfbk u ftrk ifsk qun tmnbn kprfxmjkakjnbtn tu tkjkûf y lurk. ^bk vnz irnkaf nd ams`rkz yk bf sn
rnqumnrn ifbinbtrkimùb. Sfr ikak pubtf kamimfbkd an Mbtndnitf qun mbvmnrtks, punans ams`rkzkr k ftrk irmkturk. Qfaks dks irmkturks ams`rkzkaks anonb pnrjkbninr anbtrf an tu rkblf an vmsmùb f pmnranb nd ams`rkz. Aurk ; gfrk. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr. Iktnlfrêk 95 Mdusmùb Jkyfr (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk nsinbk ifjpdnek an mjëlnbns anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk. Dk nsinbk ifjpdntk anon ikonr anbtrf an ub iuof an 93 jntrfs. Dk mjklnb sn punan
jfvnr, pnrf bf punan anekr nd ërnk and iuof. Dk mdusmùb mbiduyn sfbmaf y fdfr, y aurk gkstk ;3 jmbutfs. Ikjomk
ifjf df franbns, smb bninsmaka an ifbinbtrkimùb. Ym tn junvns jës kddë an dk amstkbimk mbjnamktk kd iuof, dk mjklnb sn ansvkbnin. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr. Iktnlfrêk 15 Kutf-_npdmik (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 M btndnitf)5 Irnks 1 aupdmikafs gfdflrëifs an tm jmsjf anbtrf an
ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Dfs aupdmikafs aurkb ub jmbutf. Dfs amrmlns jnbtkdjnbtn y bf sfb smjpdns rnnefs,
smbf qun ikak ubf punan gkinr ifsks am`nrnbtns. Ym sfb lfdpnkafs vmfdnbtkjnbtn, punanb anskpkrninr f qunakrsn mbjùvmdns snlõb df nsifeks. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr. Iktnlfrêk >5 Mjklnb Ktnrrkafrk (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 ^sks ub pfif an tndnpktêk sutmd pkrk kvnrmlukr quí mjëlnbns pfarêkb snjorkr nd tnrrfr nb dks irmkturks qun nsifeks y qun nstíb k lrkb amstkbimk. Dks mjëlnbns kpkrninb anbtrf an nsk amstkbimk y kjnbkzkb k dks irmkturks kprfpmkaks. Gkz ubk tmrkak an Mbtndnitf pfr ikak irmkturk qun ansnns k`nitkr. Ym tmnbns íxmtf, smlbmik qun dk irmkturk guyn pfr ; jmbutf anspkvfrmak y pnrsnlumak pfr sus pnskamddks. Ym `kddks, smlbmik
qun dk irmkturk mlbfrk dks mjëlnbns, dks iukdns bf df fostkiudmzkb nb df jës jêbmjf. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Mdusmùb Lrkbamfsk (7 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk nsinbk `kbtëstmikjnbtn ifjpdnek, an mjëlnbns qun ikonb anbtrf an ub iuof an ;.0
hmdùjntrfs ifbtmlf nb nd inbtrf. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr v nr dks mjëlnbns iukbaf dks irnks. Dks mjëlnbns punanb jfvnrsn anbtrf and iuof y kitõkb an kiunraf ifb tus ansnfs. Qkjomíb punanb snlumr dk dùlmik, ksê ifjf rnkiimfbkr kprfpmkakjnbtn iukbaf sfb ktkikafs sm bf dk nstës fosnrvkbaf. Dk mdusmùb mbiduyn sfbmaf y fdfr. Sfr nenjpdf, punans irnkr krjkaks qun sn nb`rnbtkb nb oktkddk, ifb sfpfrtn kírnf ifb jëqumbks f irmkturks vfdkafrks. Dk mdusmùb aurk ubk gfrk. Ym tn ifbinbtrks an bunvf nb nddk punan aurkr jës. Kiimùb.
Ansktk su @urmk Nd onrsnrhnr ns ub lunrrnrf tnjmodn qun bf punan snr antnbmaf. Nbtrks nb ub nstkaf an `rnbnsê an oktkddk qun punan snjorkr nd tnrrfr nb nd ikjpf. Sunan qun prfvnblks an ubk sfimnaka jnbfs imvmdmzkak, tkd vnz mbidusf ubk trmokd. Df jës prfokodn ns qun ddnvns pfik f bmblubk krjkaurk pkrk bf rnstrmblmr tu rkpmanz f jkbmforkomdmaka. Qus rfpks snlurkjnbtn sfb smjpdns y ifb bns prëitmifs. Dfs ldkamfs sfb dfs jnefrns
onrsnrhnrs.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Qn smnbtns nxtrkûkjnbtn prftnitfr gkimk nsk pnrsfbk, y bf qumnrns vnr qun kdlf dn pksn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Iukbaf duigks ifb vkrmfs fpfbnbtns, gkins qun igfqunb nbtrn sê y pmnrakb nd nqumdmormf. Ifjf rnsudtkaf, ifbsmanrk qun sfb an ub bmvnd jës okef pfr ubk vundtk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Qu fpfbnbtn nstë ktnrrkaf pfr tu `urmk y usk sus prùxmjks ? kiimfbns pkrk gumr. Iktnlfrêk ;5 @rnbnsê (; pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, jmnbtrks nstës nb ifjoktn, punans nbtrkr nb ub nstkaf an `rnbnsê. Jmnbtrks nstís nb nstn nstkaf bf punans uskr pubtfs an Mbtndnitf, pnrf lkbks +; an Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk y an Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka. Nstn n`nitf aurk tkbtf ifjf qumnrks, pnrf sn tnrjmbk sm bf pnrimons qun sn nstë duigkbaf. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Kinrkaf5 Fotmnbns +> nb tu rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk. Nstfs pubtfs kamimfbkdns sùdf punanb snr uskafs pkrk kosfronr akûf. Bf punans mbvnrtmrdfs pkrk kpdmikr Ns`unrzf. @kiudtka. Duigkafr Ambëjmif5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk trnpkr y skdtkr. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Mjpkitf @udjmbkbtn (9+ pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Ym ktkiks k ub fpfbnbtn ifb íxmtf, df anrrmoks kanjës an gkinrdn akûf. Nd foentmvf anon snr an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf. Sunans anrrmokr k ub fpfbnbtn jës lrkban qun tõ sm kpdmiks ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf pkrk gkinrdf (nb vnz an gkinrdf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka
and ktkqun). @kiudtka. Duigkafr Ëlmd5 Jmnbtrks bf ddnvns krjkaurk, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 @rnbnsê Jkyfr (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, jmnbtrks nstës nb ifjoktn, punans nbtrkr nb ub nstkaf an `rnbnsê. Jmnbtrks nstís nb nstn nstkaf bf punans uskr pubtfs an Mbtndnitf, pnrf lkbks +? an Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk y an Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka. Nstn n`nitf aurk tkbtf ifjf qumnrks, pnrf sn tnrjmbk sm bf pnrimons qun sn nstë duigkbaf. Sunans uskr nstk aftn f @rnbnsê an iktnlfrêk ;. Snrf bf punans uskr kjoks kd jmsjf tmnjpf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Ktkquns Ifbsniutmvfs5 Nb vnz an gkinr jës akûf f ikuskr n`nitfs jnbfrns f jkyfrns, ub ;< f jës nb dk tmrkak an ktkqun tn pnrjmtn dk fpimùb an rnkdmzkr ftrf ktkqun. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Pmlfr5 Fotmnbns +0 k tu rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk y an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka.
Afjmbk nd _ndëjpklf
Dfs kbtmlufs ifbtrfdkrfb dk ndnitrmimaka an jkbnrks nxtrkûks y jkrkvmddfsks. K trkvís an dk prëitmik y ubk gkomdmaka mbgnrnbtn (f nd usf sutmd an amspfsmtmvfs fiudtfs f mjpdkbtkafs), dflrks ifbtrfdkr dk jmsjk nbnrlêk. Bf sùdf punans irnkr y dmonrkr nbnrlêk ndíitrmik, smbf qun punans kprnbanr k uskrdk pkrk p krk trkbspfrtkrtn. Srfokodnjnbtn usns rfpks keustkaks qun tn pnrjmtkb jfvnrtn rëpmaf. Qkd vnz vmstns an kzud y bnlrf, pfsmodnjnbtn ifb kdlõb amsnûf kdusmvf kd rndëjpklf. K pnskr an qun dfs bkbfs pkrnzikb snr dfs jës kptfs pkrk jkbnekr nd pfanr and rkyf, dfs msf punanb gkinr ounb usf an dks aftns ndíitrmiks. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. ^stnans gkb smaf kjmlfs pfr ub dkrlf tmnjpf, y gks kprnbamaf k ddnvkrdf ifbtmlf iukbaf tn trkbspfrtks ifb nd rndëjpklf. Ym nd pnrsfbken nstë eubtf k tm, punans trknrdf ifbtmlf iukbaf usks dks aftns Embntn and _kyf y Pundf Ndíitrmif. (Bfrjkdjnbtn nstks aftns bf tn pnrjmtnb trkbspfrtkr ftrks irmkturks). Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ubk ofdsk ifb oktnrêks y indaks an nbnrlêk amvnrsks. Ikak vnz qun nbiunbtrns ub bunvf amspfsmtmvf qun fpnrk ifb oktnrêks f iídudks (k amsirnimùb and bkrrkafr), gky ub <>% an prfokomdmakans
an qun dk ofdsk ifbtnblk ubk qun dn smrvk sm sn klftk. Nsftnrêks ndíitrmiks5 Ym rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, kqunddks qun bfrjkdjnbtn usnb nbnrlêk an kdlõb tmpf, kgfrk sùdf uskb ndnitrmimaka. Sfr nenjpdf, ub Anstnddf f rë`klk an Igfqun pkskb k snr ansikrlks ndíitrmiks. Nstk kdtnrkimùb sùdf ikjomk nd tmpf an akûf y nd gnigf an qun pfarêkb ?= 93
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Embntn and _kyf (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans jfvnrtn k ubk lrkb amstkbimk iksm mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn ddnvkaf pfr ub rndëjpklf. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr nd anstmbf y bf punan gkonr okrrnrk kdlubk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 _kpmanz and _kyf5 Fotmnbns +9 nb tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka y +; an Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka. Arnbkr5 Sunans arnbkr dk nbnrlêk an ub krtn`kitf f amspfsmtmvf, pnrjmtmíbaftn rnstkurkr ; pubtf an Mbtndnitf pfr ikak bmvnd and krtn`kitf. _niupnrks dfs pubtfs k ubk tksk an ; pubtf pfr vundtk y anons nstkr tftkdjnbtn ifbinbtrkaf aurkbtn nd prfinsf k ikak vundtk. Nd bkrrkafr antnrjmbk sm nd amspfsmtmvf nstë tftkdjnbtn ansikrlkaf (df iukd ns ifjõb pkrk dk jkyfrêk an dfs amspfsmtmvfs pnqunûfs) f jkbtmnbn kdlf an su nbnrlêk (df iukd ns ifjõb pkrk dk jkyfrêk an dks jkqumbkrmks an lrkb tkjkûf). Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr8 Kiimùb ikak vundtk pkrk arnbkr. Iktnlfrêk 15 Inbtnddks an Nbnrlêk (>+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ub kokbmif an rndëjpklfs k ifrtk amstkbimk qun ifjmnbzk nb dk pubtk an tu anaf, y ns an kprfxmjkakjnbtn ;> jntrfs an kbigf kd ftrf nxtrnjf. Nstk ansikrlk mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf k dfs foentmvfs nb
nd ërnk. Ym kpdmiks Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf nb
vnz an amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, gkins ? pubtfs kamimfbkdns an akûf pfr lrkaf an Ns`unrzf (nb vnz an 9 pubtfs)8 smb
njokrlf, dfs foentmvfs nb nd ërnk rnimonb ; pubtf an akûf kub sm `kddks dk tmrkak. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Pundf Ndíitrmif (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Njmtns ub kurk an ndnitrmimaka irnpmtkbtn qun tn pnrjmtn vfdkr pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Bf punans trkbspfrtkr k ftrks irmkturks ifbtmlf. Kiimùb pkrk kitmvkr. Iktnlfrêk 05 Jurf an Nbnrlêk (0+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ubk okrrnrk an ndnitrmimaka irnpmtkbtn an gkstk ?93 jntrfs iukarkafs an ërnk, ifb dk `frjk qun Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
prfvfikr mbinbamfs. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn nstë ifb`ubamaf pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb ; nb su
ifbtrk. Dk ndnitrmimaka pfarêk kpklkr k ub kbarfman, rfoft u ftrfs kutùjktks pfr ubk vundtk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Dfs amspfsmtmvfs qun ifbtnblkb ikrlk ndíitrmik nxpdftkb. Sunans nb`fikrtn nb ub krtn`kitf qun nd fpfbnbtn pfsnk y anstrumrdf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ansikrlk (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Qus jkbfs irnpmtkb ifb ndnitrmimaka, y dk prùxmjk vnz qun tfquns k ubk irmkturk, dn mbmlns 9 pubtfs an akûf.
Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, sm njpuûks ub krjk, ístk irnpmtk ifb ndnitrmimaka n mbmln ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd pfr
ktkqun. Kiimùb pkrk tfikr8 `kiudtka pkrk krjks. Nbnrlmzkr (;+ pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans rnikrlkr ub krtn`kitf u ftrf amspfsmtmvf (qun bf snk ub irmptf) pkrk qun punak snr uskaf ubk vnz. Nd ifstf ns an ; pubtf an Mbtndnitf jës ; pubtf pfr ikak bmvnd and amspfsmtmvf. Kiimùb. L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
9;
qumnrks. Nd jurf ns ubk okrrnrk an bmvnd <. Iukdqumnr irmkturk k ubk amstkbimk mbjnamktk and jurf rnimon ;3 pubtfs an akûf. Nd jurf aurk gkstk ubk gfrk. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr.
Afjmbk dk An`nbsk Srftnlnrtn k tm jmsjf ns fovmkjnbtn mjpfrtkbtn nb smtukimfbns an lrkb pndmlrf, y nrns pkrtmiudkrjnbtn ounbf nb nddf. Ikutf y pruanbtn, kprnbans tíibmiks an an`nbsk ifbtrk tfaf tmpf an ktkquns `êsmifs y jnbtkdns. @rniunbtnjnbtn, qumnb lkbk ns nd õdtmjf qun qunan nb pmn, y gks gnigf tfaf df pfsmodn pfr ksnlurkrtn an qun nsk pnrsfbk snks tõ. Ddnvks ub nsiuaf y prfokodnjnbtn usns dk jnefr krjkaurk qun punans ifbsnlumr. Dfs ldkamfs sfb nxindnbtns jknstrfs an dk an`nbsk, pnrf dfs msf y bkbfs ifbsmanrkb kdlubks an nstks aftns an lrkb vkdfr. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk nvmtù qun rnimomnrks akûf rnimnbtnjnbtn, y smnbtns qun nstës nb anuak pfr gkonrtn skdvkaf dk vmak. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub nsiuaf. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Fotmnbns ubk ofbmikimùb an +; k tmrkaks an jkbmforks an an`nbsk an
Pndfimaka pfr ; vundtk.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Fotmnbns ubk
ofbmikimùb an +? k tmrkaks an jkbmforks an an`nbsk an
Pndfimaka pfr ; vundtk.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Jknstrf and Nsiuaf5 Iukbaf usks ub nsiuaf, kamimfbkdjnbtn kd rniursf qun tn prfpfrimfbk (amsjmbuynbaf nb ; dk amiudtka an dks jkbmforks an
an`nbsk an Pndfimaka), punans kitukr ifjf sm `unsns ifjpntnbtn nb jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. Ymb njokrlf, aurkbtn dk vundtk nb dk qun usns nstn onbnimf, dk amiudtka an tus ktkquns sn mbirnjnbtk nb ;. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 @mrjnzk5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Sftnbimk. @kiudtka. Nxpnrtf nb Krjkaurks5 Iukbaf usns krjkaurk, rnauins dks pnbkdmzkimfbns an krjkaurk (ifstf an Sftnbimk y rnauiimùb an Pndfimaka) nb ;. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Nsqumvkr y _nsmstmr (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Sunans dkbzkr ? vnins tu tmrkak an an`nbsk an Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka f Mbtndnitf y tfjkr nd rnsudtkaf jës kdtf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Okstmùb an Pfdubtka5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Mbtndnitf. @kiudtka. Jknstrf an dk Krjkaurk5 Iukbaf usns krjkaurk, rnauins dks pnbkdmzkimfbns an dk krjkaurk (ifstf an Sftnbimk y rnauiimùb an Pndfimaka) k 3. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Yùdf An`nbsk5 Ym sùdf rnkdmzks jkbmforks an an`nbsk nb tu turbf, nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb tfaks dks jkbmforks an`nbsmvks pfr nsk vundtk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 05 Jknstrf an dk An`nbsk5 Ikak vnz qun tnblks íxmtf nb ubk jkbmfork an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka, punans gkinr ub ktkqun k tu fpfbnbtn mbjnamktkjnbtn. Qu ktkqun anon snr and jmsjf tmpf ifbtrk nd iukd tn an`nbamstn (iunrpf k iunrpf, k amstkbimk f smb krjks). Ym bf punans gkinr nd jmsjf tmpf an ktkqun, bf punans uskr nstk aftn. @kiudtka.
Afjmbk dks Krjks
Gks trkokekaf aurf pfr juigf tmnjpf ifb ub tmpf pkrtmiudkr an krjks5 nspkaks, gkigks, aklks, dëtmlfs, f df qun snk qun nsifeks. An nstk jkbnrk, tn ifbvnrtmstn nb nspkakigêb, jknstrf and gkigk, kjf an dks aklks f nd bfjorn qun snk kprfpmkaf an kiunraf kd krjk nsiflmak. ^b jknstrf and skodn ns juy am`nrnbtn k ub jknstrf an dk kdjëanbk. Ns prfokodn qun usns ub sêjofdf, ubk mbsmlbmk, ub orfign, ub tktuken, ub kjudntf, imnrtfs ifdfrns f kdlf pfr nd nstmdf, qun mbamqun dk kikanjmk afban nbtrnbkstn, nd nstmdf an duigk qun afjmbks, f nd bfjorn an tu jnbtfr. Qu krjk ns imnrtkjnbtn tu jës vkdmfsk pfsnsmùb. Bf sùdf tmnbn dfs jnefrns iumakafs y ns an dk jës kdtk ikdmaka, smbf qun prfokodnjnbtn dk jkbtnblks nb ubk gnrjfsk vkmbk, krbís, imbturùb, if`rn, f kdlf smjmdkr. Juigfs ldkamfs sfb jknstrfs an dks krjks, pnrf k vnins dfs msf nsiflnb nstn ikjmbf, nspnimkdjnbtn ifb krjks dmlnrks. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nsk pnrsfbk junstrk pftnbimkd nb nd usf an tu krjk. Qn lustkrêk nbtrnbkrdk, pnrf bf nstës bninskrmkjnbtn ikdmikaf pkrk
nbsnûkr (nsf qunak an tu pkrtn), y tkd vnz nsk pnrsfbk bf nstí mbtnrnskak (nsf qunak an su pkrtn). Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krjk an kdtk ikdmaka an tu nsiflnbimk. Nsftnrêks an krjkjnbtf5 Ym rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, tus
ktkquns smnjprn duinb ifjf tu krjk nsiflmak. Ksê qun dk rë`klk an `unrzk an Igfqun pkrninrë ubk lrkb krjk gnigk an nbnrlêk, y dk nsftnrêk Anstnddf prfauin ub tfronddmbf an krjkjnbtf. Nstks kdtnrkimfbns sùdf ikjomkb dk kpkrmnbimk an dfs n`nitfs. Ftrf nenjpdf ns Okrrnrk, dk iukd sn trkbs`frjk nb ub jurf an krjkjnbtf lmrktfrmf. Nstk kdtnrkimùb ikjomk dk nsftnrêk an jkbnrk qun bf ns ubk okrrnrk sùdmak smbf qun mbmln ; pubtf an akûf k iukdqumnrk qun dk tfqun y 1 pubtfs an akûf k
iukdqumnrk qun dk ktrkvmnsn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn nstë fobuomdkaf pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb ; nb su
ifbtrk.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Gkins ub ktkqun kamimfbkd mbjnamktf ifb tu krjk ifjf pkrtn an tu turbf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Jknstrf and Krjk5 Fotmnbns ubk ofbmikimùb an +; kd akûf gnigf ifb nd krjk nsiflmak.
@kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 An`nbsk ifb Krjks5 Jmnbtrks nd krjk nsiflmak nstí nb tu jkbf, nrns ifjpntnbtn nb jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Ktkquns _ëpmafs (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 ^bk vnz pfr vundtk, punans gkinr ub ktkqun kamimfbkd ifb nd krjk nsiflmak. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Klkrrn @mrjn5 Ym dkbzks ub ; kd ktkikr ifb nd krjk nsiflmak, punans mlbfrkr f rnvfikr dk mbtrusmùb and bkrrkafr ikuskak pfr nsk tmrkak. Jmnbtrks nd krjk nsiflmak nstí nb tu jkbf, bubik pfarës snr anspfekaf an nddk bm pfarës anekrdk iknr kiimanbtkdjnbtn. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Jknstrêk Yuprnjk (1 pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Iukbaf usks nd krjk nsiflmak, punans dkbzkr nd akaf ? vnins y nsiflnr nd jnefr rnsudtkaf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ikstmlkafr5 Fotmnbns ubk ofbmikimùb an +? kd akûf gnigf ifb nd krjk nsiflmak. Nstk ofbmikimùb sn kûkan k dk ftfrlkak pfr dk aftn Jknstrf and Krjk, fotnbmnbaf ubk ofbmikimùb tftkd an +9.
@kiudtka. Neniutfr5 (> pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Ym lfdpnks k ub
fpfbnbtn an bmvnd 9 f jnbfs ifb nd krjk nsiflmak,
jktks kd foentmvf mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn. Kiimùb.
Afjmbk dfs Sfanrns an dk Jnbtn Ymnjprn gks tnbmaf gkomdmakans nspnimkdns qun ftrfs pkrniêkb bf ifjpkrtmr. K trkvís an dk prëitmik y dk anvfimùb, gks pnr`niimfbkaf nstn tkdnbtf õbmif gkstk nd pubtf qun dflrks njpdnkr nd pfanr an tu jnbtn pkrk forkr prfamlmfs. Kubqun usks ub irmstkd f efyk nb kdlõb dulkr an tu ikonzk pkrk kyuakrtn k ikbkdmzkr tu pfanr, bkamn punan animr qun pfsnns nstk aftn sùdf ifb jmrkrtn. Nstk efyk puaf gkonr smaf nbtrnlkak pfr kdlumnb qun rnifbfimù tus aftns, f tn dk nbifbtrkstn kiimanbtkdjnbtn df iukd gmzf qun tus gkomdmakans sn jkbm`nstkrkb. Kdlubks pnrsfbks ifb pfanrns jnbtkdns, k jnbuaf ddkjkaks psêqumiks f psmùbmiks pfr dk lnbtn frambkrmk, sfb rnsnrvkaks y ub pfif pkrkbfmiks. K pnskr an qun dfs bkbfs sfb dfs qun bfrjkdjnbtn afjmbkb dfs pfanrns jnbtkdns, dfs ldkamfs f msfs psmùbmifs bf sfb rkrfs. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Qn gks akaf iunbtk 9; 9?
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
an qun nstk pnrsfbk ns pkrtmiudkrjnbtn snbsmodn k tus pfanrns jnbtkdns. Jmnbtrks nstíb k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk, kjofs nstëb smnjprn nb ifbtkitf tndnpëtmif, y nsn pnrsfbken bubik ns dkstmjkaf pfr tus nstkddmafs psêqumifs. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krtn`kitf an irmstkd f efyk qun, iukbaf dk ddnvks nb dk `rnbtn f smnb, dn kûkan ; pubtf k tu rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf. Ym pmnrans nstn krtn`kitf, pmnrans > pubtfs an tu rnsnrvk tftkd an
Mbtndnitf. Pundvns k lkbkr dfs pubtfs sm rniupnrks nd krtn`kitf. Nsftnrêks jnbtkdns5 Ym pfsnns dk nsftnrêk Ifbtrfd Jnbtkd f Dniturk an Jnbtn, lkbks ifjpntnbimk kutfjëtmikjnbtn nb dk qun pfsnks. Ym pfsnns kjoks, nrns ifjpntnbtn nb kjoks. @kiudtka. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd rkblf f aurkimùb and pfanr jnbtkd sn aupdmik. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Sunans rnkdmzkr ubk kiimùb kamimfbkd nb nd jmsjf turbf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Qndnpktêk (;+ pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans gkodkr tndnpëtmikjnbtn ifb kqunddfs qun nstíb k ifrtk amstkbimk. Dk ifjubmikimùb ns omamrniimfbkd, pnrf dk ftrk pkrtn anon nstkr amspunstk y snr ikpkz an ifjubmikrsn. Bf ns bninskrmf pfanr vnr nd foentmvf, pnrf anons skonr sm nstë anbtrf and rkblf. Sunans nstkodninr jës an ub ifbtkitf kd jmsjf tmnjpf, pnrf pkrk nddf anons snr ikpkz an nstkodninr ifbtkitf ifb ikak ubf mbamvmaukdjnbtn. Ikak ifbtkitf punan aurkr gkstk ;3 jmbutfs. Ym kpdmiks ub lrkaf an Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr dk aurkimùb nb vnz an amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, nd ifbtkitf aurk ?7 gfrks. Kiimùb pkrk nstkodninr
ifbtkitf. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Dniturk an Jnbtn (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs supnrimkdns an ubk
irmkturk qun nstí k amstkbimk ifrtk, kub sm nd foentmvf bf ansnk qun df gklks. Anons snr ikpkz an vnr kd foentmvf. ^bk vnz nstkodnimaf nd ifbtkitf, punans dnnr dfs pnbskjmnbtfs an dk irmkturk gkstk pfr ; jmbutf. Ym kamimfbkdjnbtn tmnbns dk nsftnrêk f snirntf and fimf
Dniturk an Jnbtn, punans uskr nstk aftn k ubk lrkb amstkbimk, smb snr bninskrmf qun nd foentmvf nstí k dk vmstk (pnrf anons skonr sm nstë anbtrf and rkblf). Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 95 Nstkddmaf Ssêqumif (9+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ansikrlks pftnbtns fbaks an nbnrlêk psêqumik gkimk dks jnbtns an gkstk 9 foentmvfs k ifrtk
amstkbimk (anonrës gkinr ubk tmrkak an Mbtndnitf pfr
ikak foentmvf). Nd nstkddmaf mbmln 9 pubtfs an akûf
an Mbtndnitf n mlbfrk nd odmbaken. Sfr ikak ? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf kamimfbkdns qun mbvmnrtks pfarës sndniimfbkr ub foentmvf kamimfbkd. Iktnlfrêk 15 Ynbtmafs Kenbfs (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans fdnr, vnr, fêr, snbtmr y skofrnkr k trkvís an dfs snbtmafs an iukdqumnrk ifb qumnb gkyks nstkodnimaf ifbtkitf tndnpëtmif. Sunans mbtnbtkr uskr nstk gkomdmaka nb foentmvfs qun nstíb amspunstfs f bf pnrf qun nstíb anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk lrkban. ^b foentmvf bf iffpnrktmvf pfarêk rnsmstmrsn. Bf bninsmtks nstkodninr ifbtkitf vmsukd, pnrf anons skonr sm nstë anbtrf and rkblf. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Iktnlfrêk >5 Ifbtrfd Jnbtkd (0+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifbtrfdks dks kiimfbns an ubk irmkturk qun tfquns. Nstn L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
99
n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Nd foentmvf anon snr an bmvnd ? f jnbfr. ^bk vnz qun dflrks ifbtrfdkrdf, jkbtmnbns nd ifbtkitf jnbtkd ifb nd foentmvf smbtmnbaf df qun ístn smnbtn. Sunans pnrjmtmrdn qun kitõn dmornjnbtn f afjmbkrdf kiimùb pfr kiimùb. Nb vnz an kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, punans kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk
mbirnjnbtkr ; kd bmvnd jëxmjf and foentmvf pfr ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf. Ym tmnbns dk nsftnrêk Ifbtrfd Jnbtkd, nd bmvnd jëxmjf and foentmvf ns 9 nb vnz an ?. Iukbaf
nd n`nitf kikon, dk irmkturk bf rniunrak gkonr smaf ifbtrfdkak f df qun gkyk gnigf jmnbtrks nstuvf okef tus ùranbns. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 05 _na Qndnpëtmik (3+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Iukbaf df ansnns, punans ifbtkitkr gkstk k ;3 irmkturks qun ifbfziks smb mjpfrtkr aùban sn nbiunbtrnb. Qfafs dfs foentmvfs anonb nstkr amspunstfs y ikpkins an ifjubmikrsn. Dflrks nstkodninr dk rna tndnpëtmik an jkbnrk kutfjëtmik smb bninsmaka gkinr tmrkaks. Qfaks dks irmkturks nb dk rna nstëb ifbnitkaks tndnpëtmikjnbtn y sn punanb ifjubmikr nbtrn sê. Qkjomíb punanb nsiuigkr iukdqumnr ifsk qun sn amlk k trkvís an dk rna sm df ansnkb. Skrk kitmvkr nstk aftn bf sn rnqumnrn ubk kiimùb bm mbvnrtmr pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. Skrk tm, ns tkb `ëimd ifjf gkodkr nb vfz kdtk. Dk rna aurk gkstk qun animaks inrrkrdk. Ym mbvmnrtns > pubtfs an Mbtndnitf, punans
ifbtkitkr gkstk ?3 pnrsfbks kd jmsjf tmnjpf, y pfr ikak pubtf kamimfbkd qun mbvmnrtks punans kûkamr k ;3 irmkturks jës k dk rna. Nstks rnans nxtnbamaks aurkb gkstk ;3 jmbutfs. Irnkr ubk rna an ?3 f jës irmkturks sê rnqumnrn ubk kiimùb pkrk nstkodninr ifbtkitf.
Njpdnk nd Jklbntmsjf Nd ndnitrfjklbntmsjf ns ubk `unrzk `ubakjnbtkd nb nd ubmvnrsf y nstë okef tu ifbtrfd. Nrns nd snûfr and jntkd. Srfokodnjnbtn ddnvns nbimjk juigf jntkd, tkd vnz ifjf pkrtn an tus rfpks f krjkaurk, ifjf pkrtn an tus kiinsfrmfs (ifjf efyks f pnr`frkimfbns), mbsnrtkaks qumrõrlmikjnbtn nb tu iunrpf, f kdlubk ifjombkimùb an tfaks nsks fpimfbns. Qfaks dks idksns pfarêkb skikr vnbtkek an nstk smbludkrmaka, pnrf dfs ldkamfs qun ddnvkb krjks y krjkaurk nbifbtrkrêkb usfs mbtnrnskbtns pkrk nd jklbntmsjf. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Ikak vnz qun usns tus pfanrns, dfs foentfs an jntkd an nsk pnrsfbk sn skiuanb, tmnjodkb, ikjpkbmddnkb, y sn klmtkb sm nstë k ifrtk amstkbimk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk aurkimùb and n`nitf sn aupdmik. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 ^b foentf mjpfrtkbtn and fpfbnbtn qunak anstrumaf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Jfvnr Jntkdns (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans nenrinr `unrzk sforn foentfs jntëdmifs k ifrtk amstkbimk pfr ubk vundtk. ^bk vnz kitmvkaf, tu pfanr tmnbn ubk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk n`nitmvk an ;3 pubtfs, Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk an ?, y Ns`unrzf ? (kprfxmjkakjnbtn dk jmsjk `unrzk an ub gujkbf kaudtf vmlfrfsf). Sunans uskr nd pfanr pkrk jfvnr foentfs jntëdmifs, njpuekr foentfs jntëdmifs, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Sfr nenjpdf, aurkbtn tu t urbf, pfarêks dnvkbtkr y ktrknr ub foentf jntëdmif dmlnrf gkimk tm f jfvnr ub foentf pnskaf (ifjf ubk pmnzk an jfomdmkrmf) k ubk amstkbimk an 9 jntrfs. Nstn pfanr ikrnin an dk
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
klmdmaka pkrk jkbnekr ub krjk f jfvnr foentfs ifb rkpmanz, ksê qun nb dk jkyfrêk an dks smtukimfbns bf ns ubk ounbk fpimùb pkrk ktkikr. Bf punans uskr nstk gkomdmaka sforn tu prfpmf iunrpf. Nd pfanr aurk gkstk ; gfrk f gkstk qun su rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk sn klftn, df qun fiurrk prmjnrf. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk ?5 _npudsmùb5 Kd jkbmpudkr nd jklbntmsjf, nrns ifjpntnbtn rnkdmzkbaf jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka ifbtrk ktkquns qun usnb jntkd. @kiudtka.
punans dkbzkr gkimk ub foentmvf k ifrtk amstkbimk. Iukdqumnrk qun snk dk jkbnrk an ktkikr, ns ubk kiimùb an Mbtndnitf y gkin < pubtfs an akûf. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Anstrumr Jntkdns (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn rfjpns, anspnakzks f ifdkpsks ub foentf jntëdmif, qun punaks vnr k ifrtk amstkbimk, y qun snk an dk jmtka an tu tkjkûf f jnbfr. Gkz ubk tmrkak
Njpuûk Afs Krjks k dk Pnz
an Mbtndnitf pkrk anstrumr nd foentf. Dk amiudtka an nstk tkrnk sn amsjmbuyn nb 9 (ifjpkrkaf ifb anstrumrdf ifb
`unrzk orutk). Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Ikjpf Jklbítmif (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, ub ikjpf an jklbntmsjf k tu kdrnanafr ktrkn iukdqumnr prfynitmd jntëdmif (nigks,
okdks, iuigmddfs dkbzkafs) amrmlmaf k tm gkimk nd sundf. Nrns mbjubn k nstfs ktkquns pfr ubk vundtk. Anons skonr qun nstës smnbaf ktkikaf pkrk nvmtkrdf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Jkbmpudkr Jntkdns (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans jfdankr ub foentf jntëdmif ifjf ansnns. Nd foentf anon nstkr k dk vmstk y k ifrtk amstkbimk, y bf anon pfsnnr jës jksk qun dk tuyk prfpmk. Sunans k`nitkr jõdtmpdns foentfs kd jmsjf tmnjpf jmnbtrks su jksk ifjombkak bf sfornpksn nd dêjmtn. Sunans `usmfbkr vkrmfs foentfs. Sunans uskr nstn pfanr pkrk anstrumr ub foentf jntëdmif, f pkrk akrdn ubk bunvk `frjk (tfsikjnbtn, k jnbfs qun tnblks dks ifjpntnbimks an `kormikimùb kprfpmkaks). Dunlf punans jfvnr nd bunvf foentf k iukdqumnr dulkr anbtrf and rkblf. Sfr nenjpdf, pfarêks `usmfbkr ubfs nsiuafs jntëdmifs y uskr dk `frjk rnsudtkbtn pkrk odfqunkr ubk punrtk. Sunans uskr nstk aftn pkrk rnkdmzkr ub ktkqun, ifjf gkinr qun dk krjkaurk an ub nbnjmlf df ifbstrmûk, f anstrfzkr ub foentf an jntkd y ifbvnrtmrdf nb jntrkddk qun dunlf
Iktnlfrêk 05 Amkjklbntmsjf5 Sunans jklbntmzkr iukdqumnr foentf bf jntëdmif k ifrtk amstkbimk pkrk qun punak snr k`nitkaf pfr tus ftrfs pfanrns. An nstk jkbnrk, punans uskr tfaks tus ftrks aftns ifb iukdqumnr idksn an foentf ifjf sm `unsn jntëdmif. @kiudtka.
Sfrtks nd kinrf ifb kjoks jkbfs, dmstf pkrk nb`rnbtkrtn k iukdqumnr fpfbnbtn. Duigks ifb afs krjks iunrpf k iunrpf, ifb ubk tíibmik qun kdlubfs ddkjkb afodn ifbtkitf. Nrns ub lunrrnrf tnjmodn, rëpmaf y `unrtn, qun irnn qun dk jnefr an`nbsk ns ubk sùdmak f`nbsmvk. Srfokodnjnbtn ddnvns krjks k ikak dkaf an dk imbturk, f iruzkaks k tu nspkdak. Ynlurkjnbtn snkb tu jës prnimkak pfsnsmùb, y punan qun mbidusf dns gkyks akaf bfjorns. Juigfs ldkamfs n msfs nbtrnbkb pkrk pndnkr ifb afs krjks k dk vnz. Juy rkrk vnz sn vnrë k ub bkbf mbvnrtmr nd tmnjpf rnqunrmaf pkrk kprnbanr nstk amsimpdmbk nstrmitkjnbtn `êsmik, pnrf ns pfsmodn. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Gks nbtrnbkaf tkbtf ifb nstk pnrsfbk qun sm kjofs sn nbiunbtrkb nspkdak ifb nspkdak aurkbtn ubk oktkddk, kjofs fotmnbnb ubk ofbmikimùb an +; nb tfaks dks jkbmforks an an`nbsk
an Pndfimaka. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub krjk dmlnrk an jndnn kamimfbkd. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Mbtmjmaks kd fpfbnbtn y utmdmzk su prùxmjk kiimùb pkrk gumr. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Sunans gkinr ub ktkqun kamimfbkd mbjnamktkjnbtn ifb ubk an tus krjks. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Afodn Ifbtkitf Dmlnrf5 Sunans uskr afs krjks dmlnrks kd jmsjf tmnjpf, gkimnbaf afs ktkquns snpkrkafs aurkbtn tu turbf ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb. 99 91
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Dfs ktkquns sn ifbsmanrkb ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf, pnrf nd odmbaken k`nitk k ikak ktkqun pfr snpkrkaf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak jfamikr tu
ktkqun f akûf, sn kpdmik k kjofs ktkquns, k jnbfs qun nstí nspniêikjnbtn rnsnrvkaf pkrk ubk an dks krjks.
@kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Afodn Mjpkitf (9 pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Iukbaf njpuûks ? krjks, punans nsiflnr gkinr sùdf ubk tmrkak an ktkqun ifbtrk ub fpfbnbtn. Ym mjpkitks, mbmlns akûf ifb kjoks krjks y gkins ? pubtfs
kamimfbkdns an akûf, y anomaf k qun gmimstn ub sùdf ktkqun, nd odmbaken and fpfbnbtn sùdf sn sustrkn ubk sfdk vnz. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 Afodn Ifbtkitf5 Sunans uskr afs krjks dmlnrks f jnamks kd jmsjf tmnjpf (f ubk dmlnrk y ubk jnamk), gkimnbaf afs ktkquns snpkrkafs aurkbtn tu turbf ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb. An rnstf, nstk aftn `ubimfbk nxkitkjnbtn ifjf Afodn Ifbtkitf Dmlnrf. @kiudtka.
ans`kskrsn y ikjomkr an pdkbf, y dfs bkbfs kprfvnigkb dks vnbtkeks an`nbsmvks. Dfs ldkamfs punanb uskr tkbtf dfs kspnitfs an`nbsmvfs ifjf dfs f`nbsmvfs, pnrf tkjomíb dns punanb rnsudtkr ub pfif dmjmtkbtns. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln ub pnrsfbken. Ifbfins k nstk pnrsfbk ansan gkin ub tmnjpf y `un qumnb tn kyuaù k afjmbkr nd ans`ksn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Jmnbtrks nstís ans`kskaf, lkbks +; nb tfaks dks jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Jmnbtrks nstís ans`kskaf, tkjomíb nrns mbvmsmodn. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Qrkspkskr (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans ktrkvnskr okrrnrks `êsmiks dnbtkjnbtn, k ubk vndfimaka an 9 inbtêjntrfs pfr vundtk (sn bninsmtk kd
Iktnlfrêk 15 Afodn An`nbsk5 Iukbaf njpuûks ? krjks, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka.
jnbfs ubk vundtk ifjpdntk pkrk pkskr pfr iukdqumnr okrrnrk). Bf punans gkinr bmblubk ftrk kiimùb qun bf snk jfvnrtn, bm punans pnrimomr bkak, gkstk qun bf pksns ifjpdntkjnbtn k trkvís an dk okrrnrk. Bf punans ktrkvnskr okrrnrks an nbnrlêk. Kiimùb
Iktnlfrêk >5 Afodn Amstrkiimùb (1 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Iukbaf njpuûks ? krjks, mbtnrinptks nd prùxmjf ktkqun an tu fpfbnbtn. Ifjf rnsudtkaf,
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ans`ksn An`nbsmvf (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans ikjomkr an pdkbf pkrk qun kdlubfs ktkquns tn ktrkvmnsnb smb k`nitkrtn. Sfr dfs prùxmjfs ;3
amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an tu tmrkak an an`nbsk ifbtrk nsn ktkqun nb ;, y dk amiudtka an tu prùxmjf ktkqun sn
an Pndfimaka nstkrë rnauimak nb ;. Aurkbtn nstn tmnjpf
rnauin nb ;. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Nspmrkd an Ikfs5 Iukbaf njpuûks ? krjks, punans ktkikr gkstk 0 vnins nb ubk sfdk vundtk
ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb, pnrf anons gkinr ikak ktkqun ifbtrk fpfbnbtns am`nrnbtns. Gkz ubk tmrkak pfr ikak ktkqun. Qfafs dfs ktkquns sn ifbsmanrkb ifjf ubk sfdk kiimùb kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf, pnrf nd odmbaken k`nitk k ikak ktkqun pfr snpkrkaf. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun punak jfamikr tu ktkqun f akûf, sn kpdmik k tfafs
dfs ktkquns (pfsmtmvk f bnlktmvkjnbtn), k jnbfs qun nstí nspniêikjnbtn rnsnrvkak pkrk ubk an dks krjks,
nb iuyf iksf sùdf sn kpdmik k dk jmtka an dfs ktkquns. @kiudtka.
Nxmstn Skrimkdjnbtn @unrk an Nstn Sdkbf
Qmnbns dk gkomdmaka an ikjomkr an pdkbf nxmstnbimkd. An gnigf, smnjprn nstës dmlnrkjnbtn `unrk an nstn pdkbf f ans`kskaf, df qun tn ak ubk trkbsduimanz iksm `kbtksjkd. Ym tn ifbinbtrks, punans pkskr tu jkbf k trkvís an ub foentf sùdmaf, pnrjmtmr qun ub foentf sùdmaf pksn k trkvís an tm smb k`nitkrtn, f dmtnrkdjnbtn ktrkvnskr jurfs. Ymb njokrlf, pkskr an ub pdkbf k ftrf rnqumnrn `unrzk an vfdubtka nxtrnjk y punan snr jnbtkdjnbtn klftkafr. Dk nxpdmikimùb an tu nxtrkûf pfanr nstë nb dk bujnbnrk. Qkd vnz dk aftn njnrlmù k trkvís and usf f nxpfsmimùb k tnibfdflêk trkbsamjnbsmfbkd rnjkbnbtn, f ifjf rnsudtkaf an ub nbiunbtrf ifb kdlubk irmkturk kenbk k nstn jubaf f k nstk amjnbsmùb. Qkd vnz kdlubf an tus kbinstrfs `un nd prmjnrf nb anskrrfddkr nstn pfanr y df trkbsjmtmù an lnbnrkimùb nb lnbnrkimùb. Df jës snlurf ns qun tn ns`unrins nb gkinr bftkr tu kpkrmnbimk trkbsdõimak uskbaf rfpkens kbigfs y fbaudkbtns f, anpnbamnbaf an tu pnrsfbkdmaka, kubqun tkd vnz gklks tfaf df ifbtrkrmf. Dfs msfs ams`rutkb juigf dks pfsmomdmakans an mbdtrkimùb qun f`rnin dk gkomdmaka an L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
9>
jmbutfs, dk amiudtka an tfaks dks jkbmforks an`nbsmvks pmnrans tfafs dfs onbnimfs an dk krjkaurk qun ddnvks.
Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Ans`ksn F`nbsmvf (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Nd ktkqun qun gklks nstn turbf, mlbfrk dk krjkaurk an tu fpfbnbtn. Dk gkomdmaka `ubimfbk pkrk iukdqumnr tmpf an ktkqun qun usns (iunrpf k iunrpf, k amstkbimk, an nbnrlêk). @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Nspnitrf (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sfr dfs prùxmjfs ;3 jmbutfs, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks `urtmvks. Aurkbtn nstn tmnjpf, tn punans jfvnr k trkvís an okrrnrks sùdmaks (kubqun bf an nbnrlêk) k ubk vndfimaka an 93 inbtêjntrfs pfr vundtk. Jmnbtrks nstís
ans`kskaf y anbtrf an ubk okrrnrk u foentf, nrns ikpkz an pnrimomr, df qun tn pnrjmtn nspmkr k trkvís an jurfs. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk >5 Mbtfikodn (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikjomks an pdkbf pfr nd prùxmjf jmbutf pkrk bf k`nitkr bm snr k`nitkaf pfr nbnrlêk f jktnrmk bfrjkd. Yùdf dfs ktkquns jnbtkdns y nbnrlêks, amspfsmtmvfs f gkomdmakans trkbsamjnbsmfbkdns punanb k`nitkrtn. An mlukd jkbnrk, bf punans ktkikr, tfikr, f k`nitkr bkak. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ans`ksn F`nbsmvf Jnefrkaf (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Nstk aftn `ubimfbk ifjf nd Ans`ksn F`nbsmvf an iktnlfrêk 9, pnrf kgfrk punans k`nitkr dks ifbstkbtns vmtkdns an tu fpfbnbtn, ikuskbaf > pubtfs an akûf
kamimfbkdns. @kiudtka.
Nxpdfrk Dulkrns Fsiurfs Nxpdfrks `ubnstks rumbks y jmstnrmfsks dfikdmakans an ípfiks kbtmluks, gkomnbaf smaf nbtrnbkaf nb nstk prf`nsmùb pfr ubk kbtmluk ikstk an nxpdfrkafrns. Nrns nd ikzkafr an tnsfrfs, ousikafr y prnakafr an ifsks pnramaks. Sksks tkbtf tmnjpf nb dk fsiurmaka qun tn gks kakptkaf dnbtkjnbtn k nddk, yk iksm tn gks
ifbvnrtmaf tõ jmsjf nb ubk irmkturk an dk pnbujork, prnrmnbaf pnrjkbninr nb dks sfjorks, kub iukbaf tn
nbiunbtrks nb dks ërnks imvmdmzkaks. Ynlurkjnbtn ddnvks rfpks fsiurks y amsirntks qun tn pnrjmtnb ifb`ubamrtn nb dk fsiurmaka. Sfr ftrf dkaf, tus vnstmaurks y nqumpf prfokodnjnbtn tnblkb sùdf bns prkljëtmifs, yk
qun tus fiupkimfbns nb dk fsiurmaka sfb andmikaks y krrmnslkaks. Dfs msfs sfb pkrtmiudkrjnbtn kptfs pkrk nxpdfrkr dulkrns fsiurfs, y dfs qun df gkinb sfb ddkjkafs Msfs an dk Yfjork. Dfs ldkamfs qun smlunb nstn snbanrf sfb ifbfimafs ifjf Lunrrnrfs an dk Yfjork, y dfs bkbfs sfb ddkjkafs Jklfs an dk Yfjork. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk tn gk kifjpkûkaf nb nxpnamimfbns pkskaks, y kjofs `frjkb tkb ounb nqumpf qun lkbkb +; k iukdqumnr tmrkak ikak vnz qun ifdkofrkb nb dk jmsjk tkrnk, duigkb ifbtrk nd jmsjf fpfbnbtn, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub nqumpf an nxpdfrkafr. Ym yk tmnbns ubf, punans fotnbnr ;> jntrfs
an iunrak kamimfbkdns, rkimfbns pkrk afs aêks jës y afs dujms`nrks jnbfrns. Nsftnrêks fsiurks5 Iukbaf rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, ístks bf gkinb iksm bmblõb sfbmaf, y tfaf df qun sn punan vnr an nddks sfb sfjorks y vfdutks an fsiurmaka. Nstks kdtnrkimfbns bf ikjomkb nd n`nitf an dks nsftnrêks, sùdf su kspnitf. Dk nsftnrêk Anstnddf sn vundvn ubk smdnbimfsk pnrf vmfdnbtk nrupimùb an sfjorks, Okrrnrk ns ubk jksk an vfdutks an gujf bnlrf, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd foentmvf qunak ifb`ubamaf pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun mbtnbtn rnkdmzkr sn vn jfamikak
nb ; nb su ifbtrk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Nd foentmvf qunak kturamaf y pmnran su prùxmjf turbf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Nxpdfrkafr Nbtrnbkaf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks qun mjpdmqunb ousikr, nsiuigkr, nsikdkr, jkbtnbnr nd nqumdmormf, y skdtkr. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Mb`mdtrkafr Nbtrnbkaf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn
pkrk kormr inrrkaurks y jkbmpudkr, anskrjkr, y jfamikr
amspfsmtmvfs. @kiudtka. Pmstk Kakptkak5 Sunans vnr nb ifbamimfbns an duz nxtrnjkakjnbtn tnbun, ifjf sm sn trktksn an duz ormddkbtn. Sunans vnr nb ifbamimfbns an tftkd fsiurmaka, ifjf sm sn trktksn an duz nxtrnjkakjnbtn tnbun. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Mbksmodn5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsikpkrtn an ktkaurks, ansdmzkrtn pfr dulkrns nstrnigfs, y ftrks tkrnks amlbks an ub ifbtfrsmfbmstk. Lrkimks k tu nxpnrmnbimk, tkjomíb nrns ifjpntnbtn nb jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka jmnbtrks ddnvns krjkaurk dmlnrk f bmblubk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 _nsmstnbimk5 Aurkbtn tus nxpdfrkimfbns nb dulkrns fsiurfs, gks nstkaf nxpunstf k tfaf tmpf an tnrrmodns smtukimfbns, y yk nstës anskrrfddkbaf ubk rnsmstnbimk bkturkd. Fotmnbns +; an odmbaken, y nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Sftnbimk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Nxpdfrkafr an dk Yfjork5 Mlbfrks tfaks dks pnbkdmzkimfbns k iukdqumnr kiimùb, rnkdmzkak nb ifbamimfbns an duz nxtrnjkakjnbtn tnbun, nb tftkd
fsiurmaka, f nb nspkimfs nstrnigfs. Nstf mbiduyn dk duigk. Qkjomíb nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tkrnks `urtmvks jmnbtrks nstís nb ifbamimfbns an duz tnbun f nb dk fsiurmaka. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ktkqun Inlkafr (9 pubtfs an Pndfimaka)5 Ym pfsnns ubk `unbtn an mdujmbkimùb, punans uskrdk pkrk gkinr ub ktkqun iunrpf k iunrpf ifbtrk ub foentmvf. Ym tmnbns íxmtf, nd ktkqun bf gkin bmblõb akûf, pnrf nd foentmvf nstë inlkaf pfr ; jmbutf. Kiimùb.
@kormik Foentfs Õbmifs
Ifb dfs rnstfs an imvmdmzkimfbns prnvmks amsnjmbkafs pfr afqumnr, dk jktnrmk prmjk pkrk iukdqumnr `kormikbtn nstë smnjprn k jkbf, sforn tfaf pkrk kqunddfs qun skonb aùban ousikr. Nrns ub krtêin ifbstruitfr.
Sunans gkonr ifjnbzkaf ifb jkanrk f jntkdns, pnrf nvnbtukdjnbtn pfarêks ddnlkr k afjmbkr dfs jmstnrmfs an dfs kbtmlufs. Kubqun punan snr ddkjkak jklmk f tnibfdflêk, sùdf skons qun punans afjmbkrdk y uskrdk pkrk tus prfpùsmtfs y amsnûfs. Ynlurkjnbtn ddnvks ubk kjpdmk vkrmnaka an gnrrkjmnbtks k afban snk qun vkyks. Qu andkbtkd an trkokef ns prfokodnjnbtn pkrtn mb`kdtkodn an tu ktunbaf, y su ofdsmddfs y trkomddks rnofskb an mbstrujnbtfs and fimf. Qus anafs ikddfsfs
nstëb prfokodnjnbtn jkbigkafs an kinmtn qun bubik sn dmjpmkrë pfr ifjpdntf, pnrf nstks jkriks sfb amstmbtmvfs an gfbfr nbtrn dfs tuyfs. Dfs bkbfs sfb krtêins mbtnrnskbtns, gkimnbaf qun sus
nsftnrêks sn vnkb ifjpdnjnbtkaks ifb gnrrkjmnbtks y amspfsmtmvfs. ^b ldkamf ifbstruitfr snlurkjnbtn sn anamikrêk k ifbstrumr krjkjnbtf f krjkaurks. Dfs msfs sfb dfs qun sn anamikb jës ifjõbjnbtn k dk `kormikimùb, irnkbaf foentfs qun `ubimfbkb an am`nrnbtns jkbnrks ifb am`nrnbtns prfpùsmtfs. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln ub pnrsfbken. Ístn tmnbn ub foentf kamimfbkd qun tõ dn gmimstn. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks nd eunlf ifb ub snt an gnrrkjmnbtks dmlnrks, dks bninskrmks pkrk irnkr foentfs and tmpf nsiflmaf pkrk tu aftn aft n an iktnlfrêk ;, y iukdqumnr foentf bfrjkd an bmvnd ; f ? qun punaks dflrkr `kormikr ifb tus ifjpntnbimks. Qkjomíb tmnbns ubk _krnzk (nsiflmak pfr nd bkrrkafr). Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Iukdqumnr tmrkak qun rnkdmins qun tnblk qun vnr ifb nstn krtn`kitf tmnbn ubk ofbmikimùb an +; pfr ?7 gfrks.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Iukdqumnr tmrkak qun rnkdmins qun tnblk qun vnr ifb nstn krtn`kitf tmnbn ubk ofbmikimùb an +; pfr ?7 gfrks.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Krtê`min5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk dk irnkimùb an afs tmpfs an foentf. @kiudtka. Jknstrf Manbtm`mikafr5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk manbtmikr dk `ubimùb an iukdqumnr idksn an amspfsmtmvf.
@kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Kjpdm`mikimùb Jfjnbtëbnk5 Ym mbvmnrtns kd jnbfs ub aêk trkokekbaf ifb ub krtn`kitf qun nstí nb tu pfsnsmùb, dflrkrës qun `ubimfbn ifjf ub amspfsmtmvf an ; bmvnd jës kdtf. Nstf kpdmik pkrk iukdqumnr krtn`kitf qun nstí nb tu pfanr, pnrf sùdf rntmnbn dk ofbmikimùb sm df
usks tõ. @kiudtka. Kjpdm`mikimùb _ëpmak (9+ pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Kd uskr ub krtn`kitf, f kd gkinrdf `ubimfbkr pfr ub jmbutf ifbtmbuf, sn mbirnjnbtk su bmvnd nb ; sm df usks an bunvf 9> 90
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
aurkbtn nd prùxmjf jmbutf. Ym mbvmnrtns 1 pubtfs an
Mbtndnitf kamimfbkdns nd mbirnjnbtf ns an ? bmvndns sm df usks aurkbtn nd prùxmjf jmbutf. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 Jknstrf Krtê`min5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk dk irnkimùb an afs tmpfs an foentf kamimfbkdns, f tn nspnimkdmzks nb dfs afs tmpfs an foent f pkrk dfs qun yk nrks ifjpntnbtn. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Irmptf`konr5 Qfafs dfs irmptfs qun pfsnks `ubimfbkb k ; bmvnd supnrmfr kd bfrjkd. Ym anamiks ubk snjkbk, ifb dks gnrrkjmnbtks, quêjmifs y pkrtns kaniukaks, punans trkokekr nb ubf an tus irmptfs y trkbs`frjkrdf nb ftrf irmptf and jmsjf tmpf (kbfítmif u fiõdtmif) qun gkyks tnbmaf nb nd pkskaf. Anons trkokekr nb dfs antkddns ifb nd bkrrkafr, y ksnlurkrsn an qun dk trkbs`frjkimùb snk dùlmik. Sfr nenjpdf, prfokodnjnbtn bf punaks trkbs`frjkr ubk pêdafrk nb ub iksif. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Mbbfvkimùb5 Sunans jfamikr iukdqumnr krtn`kitf pkrk akrdn am`nrnbtns f jnefrns `ubimfbns. Qrktk nd krtn`kitf ifjf sm `unsn ; bmvnd jës okef, y sùdf
ansikrlk an nbnrlêk sforn tu fpfbnbtn. Gkins ub ktkqun mbjnamktf ifbtrk nd jmsjf nbnjmlf (uskbaf nd jmsjf ktrmoutf y ofbmikimfbns qun ikuskrfb nd n`nitf jkyfr). Ym nd ktkqun tmnbn íxmtf, dn gkins 1 pubtfs an akûf
ndíitrmif.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Frlkbmsjf _n`frzkaf5 Fotmnbns +; kd odmbaken, +9 k dk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk, y +9 k dk rnsnrvk
an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka. _nstkodnimjmnbtf Nspnimkd5 Dks gkomdmakans trkamimfbkdns an iurkimùb, jnamimbks y tíibmiks ifbvnbimfbkdns sùdf `ubimfbkb k jnamks ifbtmlf. Ikak vnz qun tn nbiunbtrns k pdnbk skdua, dfs prmjnrfs >
pubtfs an akûf qun rnimoks bf punanb snr rniupnrkafs an jkbnrk bfrjkd. Nb vnz an nddf, anons uskr aftns f ifjpntnbimks nb rnpkrkimùb pkrk rnstkurkr nsfs pubtfs. Sfr nenjpdf, sm ifjmnbzks ifb ubk rnsnrvk tftkd an Sftnbimk an ;3, y rnimons 7 pubtfs an akûf, punans uskr dks tmrkaks an rniupnrkimùb pkrk rniforkr 9 pubtfs, pnrf dfs > pubtfs rnstkbtns anonb snr rnstkurkafs uskbaf
tíibmiks an rnpkrkimùb.
tn tfjkrë dk jmtka and tmnjpf pkrk jfamikrdf. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Mbtnr`kin5 Kd ifbnitkrtn amrnitkjnbtn k ub
Iktnlfrêk 05 Mbvnbimùb5 Sunans irnkr bunvfs krtn`kitfs nb dk jmtka and tmnjpf, ifjf sm `unsnb ? bmvndns jës okefs n mbvnrtmr sùdf dk jmtka an SNW. @kiudtka.
amspfsmtmvf, punans manbtmikrdf y kprnbanr k fpnrkrdf. Yn amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an nstk tkrnk nb ;. @kiudtka.
@usmfbk df Frlëbmif ifb nd Kinrf Nb kdlõb pubtf and pkskaf, kdlubks an tus pkrtns frlëbmiks `unrfb rnnjpdkzkaks pfr ifjpfbnbtns krtmimkdns. Qkjomíb, ns pfsmodn qun pnrtnbnziks
Iktnlfrêk 95 Ksmjmdkimùb5 ^b krjk dmlnrk f jnamkbk an tu nsiflnbimk ns mbtnlrkak k tu iunrpf y nrns ifjpntnbtn nb su usf (kub iukbaf bf snks ifjpntnbtn nb nd usf an krjks and jmsjf tmpf). Nd krjk pnrjkbnin fiudtk gkstk qun qumnrks uskrdk. @kiudtka.
ifjpfbnbtns krtmimkdns punanb nstkr okef dk pmnd, f
punanb snr bftfrmfs rnvnstmjmnbtfs an jntkd f smbtn.
Iktnlfrêk 15 @usmùb5 Sunans `usmfbkr tus irmptfs y krtn`kitfs ifb tu iunrpf. Nstfs amspfsmtmvfs `usmfbkafs `ubimfbkb ifjf sm `unsnb ; bmvnd jës kdtf. @kiudtka.
Qkjomíb punanb tfjkr dk `frjk an dkjnbtfs y
Iktnlfrêk >5 _nsnrvks Pkrmkodns5 ^bk vnz kd aêk, punans
k ubk rkzk snirntk an gêormafs omfjniëbmifs. Qus
imriumtfs qun rnifrrnb tu pmnd. Ynk iukd snk su kpkrmnbimk, nstfs ifjpfbnbtns tn akb aftns nspnimkdns. Jmnbtrks prflrnsks, punans kûkamr, jfamikr f ansiuormr bunvks
`ubimfbns pkrk nddfs. Ansk`frtubkakjnbtn, tu iunrpf
krtmimkd tkjomíb tmnbn rnqunrmjmnbtfs nspnimkdns iukbaf
ns akûkaf. Srfokodnjnbtn usns ub jkbtf ifb ikpuigk f kdlf smjmdkr pkrk nsifbanr tus pkrtns krtmimkdns an
kqunddfs qun punakb nstkr pnrsmlumíbaftn. Anomaf k qun tus ifjpfbnbtns sfb kdlf ifjpdmikafs an rnpkrkr, k jnamak qun pksk nd tmnjpf, sn pfarêk tfrbkr ikak vnz jës am`êimd fiudtkr tu vnrakanrk bkturkdnzk kd qunakr nb nstkaf pkrimkd an antnrmfrf, f ifb imriumtfs y pdkiks smbtítmiks nxpunstks. Iukdqumnrk, ldkamfs, bkbfs f msfs, punanb snr frlkbmsjfs imonrbítmifs. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk ifbfin tu vnrakanrk bkturkdnzk, kub iukbaf bkamn jës df gklk. Ym tus ifjpfbnbtns bf nstëb anjksmkaf fiudtfs, nbtfbins nstk pnrsfbk ifbfin ub snirntf am`nrnbtn, tkd vnz ubk pkdkork prn prflrkjkak qun pfarêk kpklkrtn pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub snt an gnrrkjmnbtks dmlnrks y kdlubks pkrtns qun smrvnb pkrk rnpkrkrtn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Qus snrvf jnikbmsjfs kprnbanb an tus kiimfbns nimnbtns. Lkbks
+; k tfaks dks tmrkaks pkrk kiimfbns smjmdkrns qun mjpdmqunb rnkdmzkr dk jmsjk tkrnk (ifjf ktkikr kd jmsjf fpfbnbtn u fpnrkr nd jmsjf amspfsmtmvf). Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 aks ubk pnqunûk L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
9<
trkbs`nrmr gkstk > pubtfs nbtrn tus rnsnrvks an dk jkbnrk
qun qumnrks, k ubk tksk an ; pubtf pfr vundtk. Sfr
nenjpdf, punans trkbs`nrmr 9 pubtfs an Sftnbimk gkimk
Pndfimaka y ? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf gkimk Pndfimaka, df iukd sn gkrêk nb ub tftkd an > vundtks. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 05 ^dtrk _n`unrzf5 Fotmnbns +; kd odmbaken, y +> k ikak ubk an tus rnsnrvks an ktrmoutfs. @kiudtka.
Gkodk ifb dks Jëqumbks Ansan tu euvnbtua tuvmstn ubk kbmaka ifb dks
jëqumbks. Skrniêk ifjf sm puamnsns gkodkr ifb nddks. Df gkiêks. Qu gkomdmaka ifbsmstn nb uskr tu inrnorf frlëbmif ifjf ubk ifjputkafrk, irnkbaf ubk mbtnr`kin mbkdëjormik ifb iukdqumnr amspfsmtmvf ndnitrùbmif, ddnlkbaf k ifbtrfdkrdf n mbunbimkrdf nb
jkbnrks qun ftrfs bf punanb. Dks D ks ifjputkafrks sfb tus kjmlks y ifjpkûnrks. Qkjomíb gks kprnbamaf k rnpkrkr jkqumbkrmk an tfaf tmpf yk qun jmnbtrks jnefr `ubimfbnb, jnefr tn smnbtns tkjomíb. Srfokodnjnbtn ddnvns ub imbturùb ifb vkrmfs mjpdnjnbtfs y tus rfpks nstíb jkbigkaks ifb kinmtn, ksê ifjf tkjomíb tus anafs. Qfaks dks idksns punanb pkskr su tmnjpf gkodkbaf ifb jëqumbks, kubqun nstk prëitmik ns jës ifjõb nbtrn bkbfs. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nsk pnrsfbk pkrnin bf pfanr rndkimfbkrsn ifb dks jëqumbks, f kd jnbfs dks jëqumbks ifb dks qun tn ifjubmiks. Ym sn nbiunbtrk inrik an ubk jëqumbk ifb dk qun mbtnrkitõks an jkbnrk kjmstfsk, nsk jëqumbk ns ifbsmanrkak pkrk iukdqumnr
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
kiimùb ifjf sm `unsn ub bmvnd jnbfr an df bfrjkd (k jnbfs qun nsf tn punak onbnimkr k tm f kd ftrf
pnrsfbken, nb iuyf iksf nd bmvnd bf ikjomk). Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 ^b snt an gnrrkjmnbtks pnqunûks. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk aurkimùb an dk mbunbimk f ifbtrfd sn aupdmik.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Dk aurkimùb an dk mbunbimk f ifbtrfd sn nxtmnban pfr ?7 gfrks.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 K`mbmaka ifb dks Jëqumbks5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks tkrnks rndkimfbkaks ifb jkqumbkrmk ndíitrmik. @kiudtka. Kitmvkimùb _njftk (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans kitmvkr f anskitmvkr iukdqumnr jëqumbk qun punaks vnr k ifrtk amstkbimk, kub iukbaf bfrjkdjnbtn anoks fpnrkrdk jkbukdjnbtn. Skrk uskr nstk aftn, anons ifjprnbanr dk `ubimùb an dk jëqumbk, anon snr an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûk, y bf punan nstkr ifbnitkak k ftrk nbtmaka mbtndmlnbtn (f snr mbtndmlnbtn nddk jmsjk). Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Sfanr an Snrsuksmùb (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 K trkvís an ub ounb trktf, ubk jkbmpudkimùb andmikak, f mbidusf pkdkorks kjkodns, kujnbtks nd pfanr f dks `ubimfbns an ubk jëqumbk pkrk qun fpnrn k ub bmvnd jës kdtf qun nd bfrjkd pfr ubk gfrk. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Ymjpktmzkr (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifbvnbins k ubk jëqumbk bf mbtndmlnbtn an qun dn —lustns‚. ^bk jëqumbk k dk qun dn lustns ns >3% jnbfs prfokodn qun `ubimfbn
sm amigk `ubimùb tn ikuskrêk akûf. Ksê, sm ub fpfbnbtn mbtnbtk kitmvkr ubk ofjok qun ns ifbtrfdkak pfr ub
antfbkafr kd qun dn lustks, gky >3% an prfokomdmakans
an qun bf nxpdftn. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 95 Mbtnr`kin Mbtndmlnbtn (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans gkodkr tndnpëtmikjnbtn ifb iukdqumnr jëqumbk mbtndmlnbtn k lrkb amstkbimk. Ka mimfbkdjnbtn, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk tfaks dks mbtnrkiimfbns ifb jëqumbks mbtndmlnbtns. Jëqumbks y kutùjktks qun
bfrjkdjnbtn bf sn ifjubmikrêkb ifb gujkbfs, pfarêkb gkodkrtn. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Ifjpkûêk Jniëbmik5 Irnks ubk jëqumbk kbmjkak n mbtndmlnbtn an bmvnd 9 qun tn kifjpkûk y
smlun tus ùranbns. Ym ns anstrumak, tn tfjk ub jns irnkr ubk bunvk. @kiudtka. Kbtm-_foft5 Iukbaf duigns ifbtrk ub kutùjktk f ubk jëqumbk mbtndmlnbtn, nrns ifjpntnbtn nb jkbmforks an ktkqun y an`nbsk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 _nifdniimùb an Aktfs (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Gkodks tndnpëtmikjnbtn ifb iukdqumnrk f ifb tfaks dks jëqumbks anbtrf an ub rkamf an ;.0
hmdùjntrfs. Sunans gkinr ubk prnlubtk kinrik an nddks jmsjks f kinrik an df qun nstí pkskbaf k su kdrnanafr y rnimomr ubk rnspunstk smjpdn. Sfr nenjpdf, jmnbtrks nstís nb ubk zfbk ifb juigks jëqumbks, pfarêks prnlubtkr —¶Aùban nstë nd fsf rkjpkbtn6‚ ] sm dk irmkturk nstë anbtrf an ub rkamf an ;,0 hmdùjntrfs, ubk f jës
jëqumbks prfokodnjnbtn pfarëb rnspfbanr dk prnlubtk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ifbtrfdkr Jëqumbks (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans ifbtrfdkr dks `ubimfbns an iukdqumnr jëqumbk, mbtndmlnbtn f bf, k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Kiimùb.
Gkin Jmdklrfs Jkbmpudks dk jktnrmk y nd tmnjpf pkrk kyuakr k ftrfs, y nrns kjkaf pfr tfafs kqunddfs qun sn iruzkb nb tu ikjmbf. Kdlubfs tn ifbsmanrkb ub rnprnsnbtkbtn an dfs amfsns f kdlõb pfanr an jës kddë an nstn jubaf. Qkd vnz tnblkb rkzùb. Dfs nxpnrmjnbtfs trkbsamjnbsmfbkdns an jubafs pkskafs puamnrfb gkonr irnkaf dks nbnrlêks qun kgfrk afjmbks. Srfokodnjnbtn usns rfpks snbimddks, bkak anjksmkaf ndnlkbtn f k dk jfak. Bf gky bninsmaka an ddkjkr jës dk ktnbimùb. Dfs bkbfs sfb qumnbns jës prfokodnjnbtn gklkb jmdklrfs kd uskr sus aftns jnbtkdns pkrk ikbkdmzkr nd pfanr an skbkr, kubqun ub ldkamf qun punak skbkrsn k sê jmsjf ns ubk prfpfsmimùb 9< 97
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
rniupnrkr ;a0 pubtfs an su rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk
f Pndfimaka. Nstk iurkimùb dns iunstk ? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf. ^bk irmkturk punan onbnimkrsn an nstk aftn
sùdf ubk vnz kd aêk. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Mbspmrkimùb (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 K trkvís an ubk mbspmrkimùb jnbtkd y dk jkbmpudkimùb and tmnjpf, ubk irmkturk qun nsifeks y qun nstí k ifrtk amstkbimk fotmnbn ubk kiimùb kamimfbkd n mbjnamktk, dk iukd punan uskr `unrk an su turbf. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk >5 Ansgkinr (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 _ntrfinans nb nd tmnjpf ubfs pfifs snlubafs, an jkbnrk qun ansgkins dk kiimùb jës rnimnbtn an ubk irmkturk. Nsk irmkturk punan rnpntmr dk jmsjk kiimùb mbjnamktkjnbtn f mbtnbtkr gkinr kdlf amstmbtf. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 05 Lrkb Qfqun Ykbkafr (1 pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Qfiks k ubk irmkturk y rnnstkodnins dks rnsnrvks an tfafs sus ktrmoutfs kd jëxmjf ifjf sm guomnsn tfjkaf ub ansikbsf. ^bk irmkturk punan onbnimkrsn an nstk aftn sùdf ubk vnz kd aêk. Kiimùb.
Dn Kõddk k dk Dubk Nb fiksmfbns, dk bujnbnrk sn ifbvmnrtn nb ubk nspkak an afodn df. Nstës ifbanbkaf y onbanimaf kd
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
mbtnrnskbtn y pndmlrfsk. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk sfspnigk qun nrns ub jnsêks f ub snr sfornbkturkd. Sunans nsiflnr sm skons f bf kinrik an sus sfspnigks. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd foentmvf skbk ; pubtf kamimfbkd. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Nd foentmvf skbk ? pubtfs kamimfbkdns. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Qfqun Ykbkafr (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifb ub tfqun, rnstkodnins ;a0 pubtfs k dk rnsnrvk an ub
ktrmoutf an iukdqumnr irmkturk. Nstk aftn ns ubk tkrnk an
Mbtndnitf an amiudtka ?. Ikak vnz qun mbtnbtns iurkr k dk jmsjk irmkturk, dk amiudtka an dk tkrnk sn mbirnjnbtk nb ;. Dk amiudtka vundvn k ? dunlf an qun nsk irmkturk
ansikbsn pfr ;3 gfrks. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Kdmvmkr (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qrktks an kbudkr f iurkr ubk afdnbimk (ifjf ubk nb`nrjnaka f vnbnbf) nb ubk irmkturk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 Jkbkbtmkd an Ykbkimùb5 Ifb tu ifbsnbtmjmnbtf, ftrks irmkturks punanb tfikrtn y L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
9=
snr ikpkz an trkbs`frjkrtn nb ubk irmkturk `frjmakodn, kosfromnbaf jksk kamimfbkd an kdlubk `unbtn trkbsamjnbsmfbkd. Nd bkrrkafr y tõ anonb trkokekr nb dfs antkddns kinrik an dk bkturkdnzk nxkitk an dk irmkturk, mbiduynbaf su kpkrmnbimk, pnrf ns ubk onstmk skdvken ddnbk an `urmk y snamnbtk an skblrn, kd jnbfs gkstk qun kprnbaks k ifbtrfdkrdk. Dks irmkturks ifjf tõ sfb k jnbuaf ddkjkaks dmiëbtrfpfs. Dk kpkrmnbimk y nd nstmdf sfb prfokodnjnbtn dk jnbfr an tus prnfiupkimfbns. Qus rfpks nstkrëb snlurkjnbtn rkslkaks anomaf k qun tus trkbs`frjkimfbns anonb anekr su jkrik (f anonb snr pfif ifstfsks pfrqun skons qun snrëb anstrumaks dk prùxmjk vnz qun tn trkbs`frjns). Iukdqumnrk, ldkamfs, msfs f bkbfs, punanb snr dmiëbtrfpfs, kubqun ub ldkamf ns qumnb jës sn pfarêk onbnimkr ifb nstk
trkbs`frjkimùb.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk ns ikpkz an ikdjkrtn iukbaf nstës nb tu `frjk onstmkd. Bubik df ktkikrêks iukbaf nstës trkbs`frjkaf, y sm pksk 9 turbfs ifbsniutmvfs uskbaf su kiimùb pkrk ikdjkrtn,
punans vfdvnr k tu `frjk bfrjkd smb bninsmaka an gkinr ubk tmrkak. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub irfbùjntrf okstkbtn nxkitf qun tn anek skonr iuëbaf `kdtk pkrk dk prùxmjk trkbs`frjkimùb. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn nstë tkb mbtmjmakaf pfr tu ktkqun onstmkd qun qunak ifb`ubamaf pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb ; nb su
ifbtrk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Qu ktkqun ifbtklmk pkrtn an tu dmikbtrfpêk. Ym tu fpfbnbtn sfornvmvn, ub jns jës tkran sn trkbs`frjkrë nb ubk onstmk mbifbtrfdkodn. Nd bkrrkafr animan df qun pksk an kgê nb kandkbtn.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 @frjk Onstmkd5 Sfr imbif bfigns ifbsniutmvks an ikak jns, tn trkbs`frjks nb ubk onstmk
jfbstrufsk pfr ubk gfrk ikak bfign. Nb nstk bunvk `frjk fotmnbns +7 k tus rnsnrvks an Sftnbimk, +; k
tu Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk, + ? k tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka y +; k tu Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka. Jmnbtrks nstís nb tu `frjk onstmkd, bf punans mbvnrtmr pubtfs an Mbtndnitf pkrk bmblubk tkrnk qun bf snk trktkr an vfdvnr k tu `frjk bfrjkd kbtns an qun pksn ubk gfrk (ubk tkrnk an amiudtka ?). Kamimfbkdjnbtn, ktkiks k iukdqumnr irmkturk
vmvmnbtn qun sn nbiunbtrn k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk. Iukbaf vundvks k tu `frjk bfrjkd, tmnbns ubk pnbkdmzkimùb an -; k tfaks tus tmrkaks pfr ubk gfrk. Ym bf dflrkstn jktkr y ifjnrtn kd jnbfs ubk irmkturk an ounb tkjkûf jmnbtrks nstuvmstn ifbvnrtmaf nb onstmk, dk pnbkdmzkimùb kujnbtk k -? y k`nitk tfaks tus tmrkaks pfr dks prùxmjks ?7 gfrks.
Kiimùb pkrk vfdvnr k dk bfrjkdmaka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ikjomf Ifbtrfdkaf5 Sunans trktkr an ifbvnrtmrtn k tu `frjk onstmkd iukdqumnr bfign qun ansnns (ubk tkrnk an Mbtndnitf an amiudtka 9).
Iukdqumnr trkbs`frjkimùb gnigk uskbaf nstn pfanr ns kamimfbkd k dks > bfigns jnbsukdns nb dks qun ikjomks
mbvfdubtkrmkjnbtn. Kiimùb pkrk ifbvnrtmrtn.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Lrkb @frjk Onstmkd5 Qu `frjk onstmkd fotmnbn dks smlumnbtns ofbmikimfbns kamimfbkdns5 +; k
tu Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk, + ? k tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka y +; k tu Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Ikjomf Afjmbkaf5 ]k bf ikjomks k tu `frjk onstmkd k jnbfs qun df ansnns. Qrkbs`frjkrtn nb tu `frjk onstmkd f an vundtk k dk bfrjkdmaka ns kgfrk ubk tkrnk an Mbtndnitf ifb amiudtka ;. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Jëxmjk @frjk Onstmkd5 Qu `frjk onstmkd fotmnbn dks smlumnbtns ofbmikimfbns kamimfbkdns5 +9 k
tu Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk, + ? k tu rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka y +? kd odmbaken. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Ifbtrfd Snr`nitf5 ]k bf ns bninskrmf gkinr ubk tmrkak pkrk trkbs`frjkrtn k tu `frjk onstmkd f vfdvnr k dk bfrjkdmaka. Sunans ikjomkr ifjf lustns uskbaf tu kiimùb. Iukbaf vundvns k dk bfrjkdmaka, yk bf tmnbns pnbkdmzkimùb nb tus tmrkaks. @kiudtka.
Dmanrk
Kd uskr tus nbikbtfs, dmanrkzlf bkturkd, y tkd vnz kdlõb nbtrnbkjmnbtf, amrmlns dks kiimfbns an ftrfs, qumnbns tn smlunb an ounbk lkbk. Nrns ub ifjkbakbtn, ub ikpmtëb, ub dêanr, f ub lnbnrkd. Qus gkomdmakans tn pnrjmtnb ifbsnlumr qun dk lnbtn gklk df qun qumnrns, pnrf tkjomíb tmnbns suimnbtn mbtumimùb ifjf pkrk skonr
quí ns df jnefr pkrk tus snlumafrns y kdmkafs. Sunstf qun bninsmtks nd rnspntf an dfs anjës, prfokodnjnbtn vmstns y tn ifjpfrtks an tkd jkbnrk qun mbspmrks, ikutmvks, f mbtmjmaks. Qmnbns ubk vfz kifstujorkak k lrmtkr ùranbns qun punanb snr fêaks kub nb jnamf an dks jës nbsfraninafrks oktkddks. Dfs ldkamfs sfb dêanrns jmdmtkrns nxindnbtns, pnrf ub msf pfarêk `ëimdjnbtn ifjkbakr ub nqumpf an nxpdfrkafrns f lrupf an okbamafs. ^b bkbf pfarêk snr nd ikonimddk an ub lrupf an —jklfs‚ f skomfs, f tkd vnz tnblk ub lrupf an lukraknspkdaks ifjf snlumafrns.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk `un ubk vnz ubf an tus snlumafrns, pnrf gks ddnlkaf k ifbsmanrkrdf ub mlukd. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krtn`kitf qun tn pnrjmtn jkrikr gkstk k < snlumafrns. Kd jmrkr dk pkbtkddk
an irmstkd and amspfsmtmvf, punans antnrjmbkr su amstkbimk y amrniimùb rndktmvk k tm. Nd prfinsf an jkrikaf ns kdlf anlrkakbtn, ksê qun ns prfokodn qun sùdf tus snlumafrns sn sfjntkb k íd. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk prùxmjk vnz qun mbtnbtns akr ubk franb, ikutmvkr f m bunbimkr kd jmsjf fpfbnbtn, dk amiudtka sn amsjmbuyn nb ;.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn ns mbunbimkaf, ikutmvkaf f k`nitkaf pfr tu aftn pfr nd
afodn and tmnjpf bfrjkd.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ikrmsjk Bkturkd5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk iukdqumnr mbtnrkiimùb sfimkd, yk snk qun mjpdmqun `ksimbkr, ansiuormr dfs snirntfs an ubk pnrsfbk, f mbtmjmakr. @kiudtka. Ounb Ifbsnef (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Qmnbns ubk idkrk mank an iuëd ns dk jnefr `frjk an prfinanr. Iukbaf dn aks k ftrf pnrsfbken ubk sulnrnbimk kinrik an su prùxmjk kiimùb, nd pnrsfbken ns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsk kiimùb pfr ubk vundtk. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Ynlumafr5 Fotmnbns ub snlumafr mbifbamimfbkd an bmvnd ?. Nd bkrrkafr y tõ anonb trkokekr nb dfs antkddns and snlumafr y prfokodnjnbtn anoks gkinr sus tmrkaks an ifjoktn f iukbaf rnkdmin kiimfbns. Nd snlumafr kitõk nb tu turbf. Ym nd snlumafr junrn, vundvns k fotnbnr ftrf trks kd jnbfs ? snjkbks an rnidutkjmnbtf kprfpmkaf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Franb (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Lrkimks k tu `unrzk an vfdubtka y ikrmsjk, aks ubk smjpdn franb k ubk irmkturk vmvmnbtn, dk iukd mbtnbtk ddnvkrdk k ikof aurkbtn su prùxmjk kiimùb. Dk irmkturk anon nstkr k ifrtk amstkbimk, y snr ikpkz an ifjprnbanrtn. Dk franb bf punan ikuskr akûf k dk irmkturk f k sus kdmkafs, ksê qun —sumiêaktn‚ bf `ubimfbkrêk, pnrf —guyn‚ pfarêk `ubimfbkr. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, dk franb pfarêk rnqunrmr qun dk irmkturk tfjn ubk sfdk kiimùb, ksê qun —korn dk punrtk‚ pfarêk `ubimfbkr, pnrf —korn dk punrtk y ifrrn‚ bf `ubimfbkrêk. Kiimùb. Ynlumafr Nbtrnbkaf5 Qu prmjnr snlumafr pksk k snr an bmvnd 9. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Ikutmvkr f Mbspmrkr (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qus pkdkorks punanb tnbnr afs n`nitfs kdtnrbktmvfs. Sunanb ikptkr dk ktnbimùb an tfafs dfs pnrsfbkens bf eulkafrns qun dks nsiuignb jmnbtrks ifbtmbõns gkodkbaf. F punanb mbspmrkr k dfs pnrsfbkens bf eulkafrns qun nsifeks, y qun tn nsiuignb, pkrk qun kitõnb ifjf sm `unsnb an ; bmvnd jës kdtf aurkbtn dk prùxmjk gfrk. Kiimùb. Ynlumafr Nbtrnbkaf5 Qu prmjnr snlumafr pksk k snr an bmvnd 1. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Okbak an Ynlumafrns5 Fotmnbns 0 snlumafrns mbifbamimfbkdns an bmvnd ?. (Nddfs sfb kamimfbkdns kd snlumafr qun fotuvmstn nb dk iktnlfrêk ?). Nd bkrrkafr y tõ anonrëb trkokekr nb dfs antkddns an nstfs snlumafrns. Ym ub snlumafr junrn, vundvns k fotnbnr ftrf trks kd jnbfs ? snjkbks an rnidutkjmnbtf kprfpmkaf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Jnbtn an Dêanr (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Iukbaf trkzks ub pdkb qun mbvfduirn k tus snlumafrns, punans gkinrdn k tu bkrrkafr ubk prnlubtk juy lnbnrkd kinrik an df qun pfarêk pkskr sm ddnvks k ikof nd pdkb, y rnimomrës ubk rnspunstk ifrtk y smjpdn. Kiimùb. 13
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Ynlumafrns Nbtrnbkafs5 Qu prmjnr snlumafr pksk k snr an bmvnd >. Ikak ubf an tus snlumafrns an bmvnd ? pksk k snr an bmvnd 9. @kiudtka.
Dfs pubtfs an Sftnbimk mbvnrtmafs nb nstk aftn sfb kamimfbkdns iukdqumnr pubtf an Pndfimaka mbvnrtmaf nb nd ktkqun. @kiudtka.
Ddnvk ub Ikrike
Ddnvk ubk Nstndk an Gmndf
^b krqunrf ns ub ifjoktmnbtn amnstrf y jfrtkd nb iukdqumnr oktkddk. Ifb su kluak vmstk y rëpmafs rnnefs,
punan ndmjmbkr nbnjmlfs k amstkbimk kbtns an qun punakb kdikbzkrdf. ^b ounb krqunrf tkjomíb kprnban k gkinr sus prfpmfs krifs y nigks. Srfokodnjnbtn sùdf tn
smnbtks iùjfaf ifb krjkaurks dmlnrks qun t n pnrjmtkb jfvnrtn ifb klmdmaka iukbaf dk smtukimùb df kjnrmtk. Juigfs msfs y ldkamfs sfb krqunrfs. Sunans uskr nstk smbludkrmaka pkrk nb`fikrtn nb nd usf an okddnstks nb vnz an krifs sm df ansnks.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken and lrupf pkrk qun snk qumnb tn rnlkdù nd nxindnbtn krif qun usks nb nstn jfjnbtf. Ynirntkjnbtn, nsifln k ub snlubaf pnrsfbken (prn`nrmodnjnbtn kqund ifb jës prfokomdmakans an ktrkvnskrsn iukbaf qumnrns rnkdmzkr ktkquns ifb tu krif). Ikak vnz qun `kddns ifb tu krif, y qun nd bkrrkafr antnrjmbn qun dn amstn k ftrk pnrsfbk qun bf nrk tu foentmvf, kdikbzks kd snlubaf pnrsfbken ifb ubk nigk
an snr pfsmodn. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb ub krif an juy ounbk `kormikimùb y ?1 nigks.
Yulnrnbimk pkrk n`nitf jnbfr5 Kimnrtks nb ub tnbaùb f jõsiudf, nd foentmvf rnimon ? pubtfs an akûf an Pndfimaka kanjës and akûf bfrjkd. Yulnrnbimk pkrk n`nitf jkyfr5 Nd foentmvf qunak idkvkaf nb nd smtmf ifb ubk nigk.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Krqunrf5 Skrk snr rnkdjnbtn dntkd ifb ub krif, anons skonr aùban kpubtkr. Sunans mbvnrtmr pubtfs an Pndfimaka f an Mbtndnitf pfr mlukd kd kpdmikr Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf. Ikak lrkaf an Ns`unrzf kûkan 9 pubtfs an akûf kd ktkqun. @kiudtka. @dnignrf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn `kormikbaf nigks.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Korujkr (; pubtf an Pndfimaka)5 Nb ubk vundtk nb dk qun ktkquns ifb tu krif, sm amspkrks ubk nigk kamimfbkd, sn jfamik dk amiudtka an dfs ktkquns
y gkomdmakans nspnimkdns an tu foentmvf nb ; nb su ifbtrk. @kiudtka. Krtnskbf and Krif5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb dk `kormikimùb an krifs. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Krqunrf Nbtrnbkaf5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn nb nd usf and krif. @kiudtka. Krtê`min @dnignrf5 Nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb dk `kormikimùb an nigks.
K trkvís an tus nstuamfs, gks kprnbamaf k nb`fikr tus tkdnbtfs bkturkdns pkrk afjmbkr dfs pfanrns and `rêf y nd gmndf. Dk lnbtn k jnbuaf sn rnnrn k tm ifjf ub
jklf and gmndf, y sn pmnbsk qun dfs jklfs and gmndf sfb nbnjmlfs an kqunddfs ifbfimafs ifjf jklfs and `unlf. Snrf nstk ns ubk mank nrrkak qun dk lnbtn frambkrmk gk rnpntmaf y irnêaf pfr smldfs, f tkd t kd vnz jmdnbmfs. Srfokodnjnbtn vmstks an odkbif f kzud. ^sks rfpks jës pnskaks an df bninskrmf, k jnbfs qun prfvnblks an ub idmjk mbvnrbkd, nb iuyf iksf usks jnbfs rfpk qun nd rnstf an dk lnbtn yk qun nd `rêf bf tn jfdnstk. Dk jkyfrêk an dfs jklfs an gmndf sfb bkbfs, pnrf ub ldkamf ifb ubk krjkaurk gndkak, njpuûkbaf ubk nspkak an gmndf, ns kdlf okstkbtn mjprnsmfbkbtn. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Sfr kdlõb ikprmigf an dk bujnbnrk, sm nsn pnrsfbken nstë k tu dkaf iukbaf usks dk aftn Krjkaurk an Gmndf, tkjomíb nstë prftnlmaf pfr ubk nstndk an gmndf, pnrf bf rnimon dk prftniimùb an tu Ifrkzk an Gmndf. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krjk dfsk gnigk an irmstkinrf qun duin ifjf gmndf. Nsftnrêks an gmndf5 Ym rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, kqunddks qun bfrjkdjnbtn usnb nbnrlêk an kdlõb tmpf, tm pf, kgfrk sùdf uskb gmndf. Sfr nenjpdf, ubk rë`klk an Igfqun ns kgfrk ub rkyf gndkaf, y Anstnddf prfauin ub nstkddmaf an `rkljnbtfs an gmndf. Nstk kdtnrkimùb sùdf ikjomk nd tmpf an akûf gnigf pfr nd n`nitf. Ftrf nenjpdf ns Okrrnrk, dk iukd sn trkbs`frjk nb ub jurf an gmndf. Nstk kdtnrkimùb sùdf ikjomk dk kpkrmnbimk and jurf y nd gnigf an qun kgfrk rnimon ? pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkd sm ns ktkikak ifb `unlf. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk supnrimn kdrnanafr and fpfbnbtn sn vundvn rnsokdkamzk y ns am`êimd am `êimd jkbtnbnrsn nb pmn. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn nstë iuomnrtf an ubk ikpk an gmndf qun dmjmtk sus jfvmjmnbtfs pfr ; jmbutf, aurkbtn nd iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb ; nb su
ifbtrk.
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Krjkaurk an Gmndf (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, tu iunrpf sn iuorn an ubk ikpk an gmndf pfr ;3 jmbutfs, df iukd tn ak +; kd odmbaken. Jmnbtrks dk krjkaurk nstí kitmvkak, bf tn mbifjfakb dks okeks tnjpnrkturks y tmnbns ubk ofbmikimùb an +?
Iktnlfrêk 15 Qmrf _ëpmaf5 Ym skiks ;< f jës nb ubk tmrkak an ktkqun ifb tu krif. Nb vnz an kûkamr akûf, n`nitfs jnbfrns f jkyfrns, punans gkinr ub ktkqun kamimfbkd ifb tu krif. Nstn ktkqun usk an bunvf nd
kamimfbkd kd odmbaken ifbtrk akûf gndkaf. @kiudtka.
Ns`unrzf y dks ofbmikimfbns uskaks (sm guof) nb nd
Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, punans uskr nstk aftn sforn ub krjk,
prmjnr ktkqun. @kiudtka. Krtê`min and Krif5 Nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb dk `kormikimùb an krifs. Iktnlfrêk >5 Krqunrf @nbfjnbkd5 Nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb nd usf and krif. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Qmrf Sfanrfsf (? pubtfs an Sftnbimk)5 Mbmlns 9 pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkd ifb nd krif. L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
1;
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Qfqun Gndkaf (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Qus jkbfs sn vundvnb tkb `rêks qun dk prùxmjk vnz qun tfquns k ubk irmkturk, dn mbmlns 9 pubtfs an akûf.
y pfr ;3 jmbutfs ístk mbmln ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd
an `rêf. Kiimùb pkrk tfikr8 `kiudtka pkrk krjks.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Qfqun Sntrm`mikafr (1 pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Qus jkbfs sn vundvnb tkb `rêks qun, kanjës an gkinr nd akûf ansirmtf nb Qfqun Gndkaf, nd ifbtkitf ifblndk sùdmakjnbtn k ub foentmvf vmvmnbtn an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf, mbjfvmdmzëbafdf pfr ubk vundtk. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Ifrkzk an Gmndf5 Dk ikpk gndkak qun lnbnrks kd uskr dk aftn Krjkaurk an Gmndf tn ftfrlk odmbaken kamimfbkd an +;. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Nstkddmaf Gndkaf (> pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Njmtns ub nstkddmaf an `rêf nb tfaks amrniimfbns k ifrtk amstkbimk. Qfafs dfs qun nstíb kd kdikbin rnimonb >
pubtfs an akûf. Ym kpdmiks Ns`unrzf pkrk mbirnjnbtkr nd akûf nb vnz an amsjmbumr dk amiudtka, gkins ? pubtfs kamimfbkdns an akûf pfr lrkaf an Ns`unrzf (nb vnz an 9
pubtfs)8 smb njokrlf, dfs foentmvfs nb nd ërnk rnimonb ; pubtf an akûf kub sm `kddks dk tmrkak. Kiimùb.
tmrkouzùb ndnvkaf. Nstn jfvmjmnbtf amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka an tu ktkqun nb ;. Ym dkbzks ub ;< f ;7,
punans nsiflnr ikuskr ub n`nitf jnbfr nb vnz an gkinr nd akûf kamimfbkd. Bf punans uskr nstk aftn sm tu Pndfimaka sn vn rnauimak pfr nd usf an krjkaurk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Duigkafr Ambëjmif (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ifjf pkrtn an tu ktkqun, punans skdtkr sforn f nbimjk an fostëiudfs, ifdujpmkrtn an ubk iunrak, ifrrnr sforn supnrimns nstrnigks f jfvnrtn pfr tfaf nd
ikjpf an oktkddk k tu vndfimaka bfrjkd, ifjf sm tfaks
Iktnlfrêk 05 Krtê`min an Gmndf (0 pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Irnks ub foentf an gmndf sùdmaf an tu tkjkûf f jës pnqunûf. Nd foentf ns tfsif y bf punan tnbnr pkrtns jùvmdns, ksê qun punans gkinr ubk nspkak, ub nsiuaf, ubk nsikdnrk pnqunûk y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Qus irnkimfbns an gmndf sfb tkb `unrtns ifjf nd gmnrrf, pnrf sm bf nstëb nb ifbtkitf ifbstkbtn ifbtmlf, `ubimfbkb pfr
`unsnb kiimfbns an rutmbk (Amiudtka 3). Bf punans uskr
sùdf ;a0+0 vundtks kbtns an rfjpnrsn f anrrntmrsn. Sfr
tu ifjpkûnrf. @kiudtka.
Duigk ifb Nstmdf
Iktnlfrêk 05 Mjprfvmskimùb Mblnbmfsk5 Iukbaf mbtnbtns ubk tkrnk qun rnqumnrk Pndfimaka, punans ifbsmanrkrdk ubk kiimùb an Mbtndnitf. Ym kpdmiks Ns`unrzf k nstk tkrnk, punans mbvnrtmr pubtfs an dk rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf nb vnz an uskr dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka (nb iuyf iksf tkjomíb usks dk Pnbtkek an Mbtndnitf nb vnz an dk Pnbtkek an Pndfimaka). @kiudtka.
nenjpdf, punans irnkr y njpuûkr ubk nspkak an gmndf, pnrf sm sn dk aks k kdlumnb jës, dk nspkak bf aurkrë juigf pkrk nsn pnrsfbken. Kiimùb.
Ykons qun nd nstmdf ns kd jnbfs tkb mjpfrtkbtn ifjf dk sustkbimk. Pnbinr k tus nbnjmlfs bf ns df prmbimpkd, smbf duimr omnb jmnbtrks df gkins. Nrns ub nspkakigêb, kvnbturnrf, kirùoktk y tnjnrkrmf. Ykdtks pfr nd kmrn, junvns tu nspkak ifb vmrtufsmsjf, y klrnlks ub kluaf y jfrakz ifjnbtkrmf k ikak ktkqun qun gkins. Qus nbnjmlfs tn famkb, pnrf tus kdmkafs tn kafrkb. Pnrtn pndnkr ns sujkjnbtn nbtrntnbmaf. Df jës prfokodn ns qun bf usns krjkaurk y prnnrks vnstmr ifb ndnlkbimk
y nstmdf. Qkd vnz gkstk usns ub sfjornrf ifb ubk lrkb pdujk. Dfs msfs y ldkamfs sfb dfs jnefrns nspkakigmbns, y sfb dks idksns qun jës ifjõbjnbtn duigkb ifb nstmdf. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Ymnjprn nstës trktkbaf an mjprnsmfbkr k nstk pnrsfbk ifb tus gkomdmakans, mblnbmf, kpkrmnbimk f vkdnbtêk. Qkd vnz snk tu rmvkd, f tkd vnz bninsmtns su rnspntf f tkd vnz tnblks kdlõb mbtnrís rfjëbtmif. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Ifjmnbzks ifb rfpks nxtrnjkakjnbtn ndnlkbtns y k dk jfak. Qkjomíb tmnbns ub krjk kafrbkak ifb efyks. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Nd fpfbnbtn nstë tkb fobuomdkaf pfr tu nstmdf qun qunak ifb`ubamaf pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb ; nb su ifbtrk.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Gkins ub ktkqun kamimfbkd ifb tu krjk nb nstn turbf. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ktkqun Yfonromf5 Kûkans jfvmjmnbtfs ddnbfs an lrkimk, pmruntks y fiurrnbimks, qun nbtrntmnbnb k dfs anjës. Nsifln k iukdqumnr bõjnrf an irmkturks qun nstíb k ifrtk amstkbimk y qun tn punakb vnr. Ikak
nstk aftn sm tu Pndfimaka sn vn v n rnauimak pfr nd usf an krjkaurk. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk >5 Srftnitfr5 Ym usks ub krjk dmlnrk f jnamkbk, punans odfqunkr ktkquns gnigfs ifbtrk ub ifjpkûnrf qun nstí inrik an tm. Amsjmbuyns nb ; dk
amiudtka an dks jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka an
Jkbnek su Sfanr ifb Srnimsmùb Bf sùdf gks smaf `kvfrnimaf ifb ub afjmbmf supnrmfr an dk bujnbnrk, smbf qun tkjomíb nstës nbtrnbkaf pkrk skikr prfvnigf an dks nsftnrêks an jkbnrks qun tn amstmblunb an ftrfs bkbfs n msfs. Kdlubk lnbtn irnn qun kqunddfs qun rnkdmzkb nsftnrêks smjpdnjnbtn bkimnrfb ifb nstk aftn, pnrf tõ skons qun dk mbtndmlnbimk y dk gkomdmaka eunlkb ub pkpnd jës mjpfrtkbtn. Dfs kbtmlufs irnkrfb dk bujnbnrk k trkvís and ifbfimjmnbtf, nd ansiuormjmnbtf y nd mbtndnitf, y pkrk uskrdk kprfpmkakjnbtn anons snlumr nd jmsjf snbanrf. Srfokodnjnbtn usns kbtnfefs y rfpk ndnlkbtn, ddnvks dmorfs nxtrk, iukanrbfs, y pdujks pkrk bf mbtnrrujpmr tus nstuamfs y nxpnrmjnbtfs aurkbtn tus vmkens. Dfs bkbfs usukdjnbtn rnimonb nstk nauikimùb y smbludkrmaka, y kdlubfs msfs df gkinb tkjomíb. Dfs ldkamfs bubik dk rnimonb. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Ifdfikstn ub _nslukraf mbjutkodn y pnrjkbnbtn sforn nsk pnrsfbk qun dk gkin mbjubn k dks nsftnrêks qun rnkdmzks k jnbfs qun qumnrk snr k`nitkak. Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub dmorf kamimfbkd sforn dk bujnbnrk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Dk nsftnrêk fobuomdk kd fpfbnbtn pfr ubk vundtk, aurkbtn dk iukd dk amiudtka an tfaks dks tkrnks qun rnkdmin sn jfamik nb
ubk rnimon ubk ofbmikimùb an +; k su prùxmjk tmrkak.
; nb su ifbtrk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Dk nsftnrêk ktnrrk kd fpfbnbtn, qumnb usk sus prùxmjfs ? turbfs pkrk gumr.
jnamkbk, amsjmbuyns dk amiudtka an dks jkbmforks an
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Lnbmf5 Qu rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf kujnbtk nb
@kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Skrkak Ëlmd5 Ym usks ub krjk dmlnrk f an`nbsk an Pndfimaka nb ;. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Ktkqun Kirfoëtmif (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Nbtrks kd ktkqun ifb ub skdtf jfrtkd f
> pubtfs. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Nbtrnbkjmnbtf y Srnimsmùb5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr iukdqumnr nsftnrêk. Ifjf 1; 1?
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
rnsudtkaf, rnauins dk amiudtka nb ; pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk
rndkimfbkak ifb nd usf an nsftnrêks. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 95 Nsftnrêks Snr`niimfbkaks5 Qus nsftnrêks vnb su aurkimùb aupdmikak. Qus nsftnrêks an ifrtf kdikbin kgfrk tmnbnb lrkb kdikbin. Qus nsftnrêks qun gklkb akûf kgfrk gkinb ; pubtf an akûf kamimfbkd. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 _npnrtfrmf Kujnbtkaf5 Sunans kprnbanr ubk nsftnrêk kamimfbkd an iktnlfrêk 1 f mb`nrmfr. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Nbtrnbkjmnbtf Yupnrmfr5 Nstës nspnimkdmzkaf nb rnkdmzkr iukdqumnr nsftnrêk. Ifjf rnsudtkaf, rnauins dk amiudtka nb ? pkrk iukdqumnr tkrnk
rndkimfbkak ifb nd usf an nsftnrêks. @kiudtka.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Yuprk-Lnbmf5 Qu rnsnrvk an Mbtndnitf kujnbtk nb > y tu Pnbtkek an Mbtndnitf kujnbtk nb ;.
@kiudtka.
Jkbmpudk dk Jktnrmk ifb dk Jnbtn Qndnhmbnsms, psmifqumbnsmk, jnbtn sforn jktnrmk. Dk aftn tmnbn juigfs bfjorns, pnrf k bkd an iunbtks
sn rnauin k ubk sfdk iunstmùb5 dks jfdíiudks qun ifb`frjkb tfak dk jktnrmk nstëb okef tu ifbtrfd. Srfokodnjnbtn tn lustn snr ddkjkaf tndnhmbítmif,
f Qnhn. Juigfs tndnhmbítmifs prnnrnb uskr rfpks
keustkaks, smb juigfs kiinsfrmfs, pkrk qun gkyk pfif qun ftrf Qnhn punak uskr nb su ifbtrk. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, tmnbns nd pfanr an irnkr ftrfs n`nitfs tndnhmbítmifs mbtnrnskbtns, ifjf gkinr qun tu pndf smnjprn nstí nb jfvmjmnbtf, gkinr qun pnqunûfs foentfs ftnb k
tu kdrnanafr, f smjpdnjnbtn uskr ubk dkrlk ikpk qun nstí pnrjkbnbtnjnbtn fbankbaf. Ifjõbjnbtn dfs Qnhns sfb msfs, pnrf dfs ldkamfs ifbsmanrkb qun nstks gkomdmakans kjpdêkb lrkbanjnbtn sus vnbtkeks nb ifjoktn, y dfs bkbfs vkdfrkb nd pfanr kamimfbkd qun dns ifbnrn.
Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Nstk pnrsfbk gkin qun tus pfanrns tndnhmbítmifs sn ifjpfrtnb an jkbnrk nxtrkûk. Ikak imnrtf tmnjpf, sm nstë k tu dkaf, tus pfanrns sn ansvkbninb, pnrf ftrks vnins pkrninb `ubimfbkr juigf jnefr iukbaf nstë inrik. Nsftnrêks Jnbtkdns5 Ym rnkdmzks nsftnrêks, kqunddks qun bfrjkdjnbtn uskb nbnrlêk kgfrk uskb `unrzk tndnhmbítmik. Sfr nenjpdf, Anstnddf f Igfqun sfb kgfrk pudsfs an `unrzk ansan tu jnbtn. Nstk kdtnrkimùb bf ikjomk bkak, nxinptf qun kgfrk bf bninsmtks tnbnr ubk jkbf dmorn pkrk rnkdmzkr nsftnrêks. @kiudtka. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 Junvns ub foentf jës rëpmaf f jës nimnbtnjnbtn.
Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 Qu pfanr pkrk jfvnr f k`nitkr foentfs sn aupdmik. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Ansvmkr Ktkquns (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 ^skbaf tu jnbtn, tn prftnlns an ktkquns mbjmbnbtns. Sfr dfs prùxmjfs ;3 jmbutfs, nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk rnkdmzkr jkbmforks an an`nbsk an Pndfimaka. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk ?5 Qndnhmbnsms (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans nenrinr `unrzk sforn foentfs k ifrtk amstkbimk. ^bk vnz kitmvkaf, tu pfanr tmnbn ubk rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk n`nitmvk an ;3, Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk an ;, y ub Ns`unrzf an ? (smjmdkr k dk `unrzk an ub gujkbf kaudtf vmlfrfsf), L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
19
y punans uskrdf pkrk jfvnr foentfs, njpuekrdfs, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Sfr nenjpdf, pfarêks d nvkbtkr y ktrknr iukdqumnr foentf k ifrtk amstkbimk gkimk tm, f jfvnr ub foentf pnskaf (ifjf ubk pmnzk an jfomdmkrmf) k ubk amstkbimk an 9 jntrfs. Nstn pfanr ikrnin an dk klmdmaka
pkrk jkbnekr ub krjk f jfvnr foentfs ifb rkpmanz, ksê qun nb dk jkyfrêk an dks smtukimfbns bf ns ubk ounbk fpimùb pkrk ktkikr. Bf punans uskr nstk gkomdmaka sforn tu prfpmf iunrpf. Kiimùb. Nd pfanr aurk gkstk ; gfrk f gkstk qun su rnsnrvk an Sftnbimk sn klftn, df qun fiurrk prmjnrf. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk 95 @unrzk Kujnbtkak (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sfr dfs prùxmjfs ;3 jmbutfs, dks tkrnks qun rnqumnrkb nd usf an `unrzk orutk sfb jës `ëimdns pkrk tm. Nstks tkrnks mbiduynb jfvnr ub foentf pnskaf, anrrmokr ubk punrtk, lfdpnkr k kdlumnb ifb ub krjk iunrpf k iunrpf, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. Yn amsjmbuyn dk amiudtka
an nsks tkrnks nb ;. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Kaeuamikimùb (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 M btndnitf)5 Ktrkns ub foentf `êsmif gkimk tm. Sunans nsiflnr ub foentf bfrjkd iukdqumnrk an dk dmstk an nqumpf nstëbakr. Kdtnrbktmvkjnbtn, y bf jës an ubk vnz kd aêk, punans anekr qun nd bkrrkafr antnrjmbn nd foentf kd kzkr. Ym ktrkns ub foentf kd kzkr, tmnbns ;3% an prfokomdmakans an qun snk ub irmptf f krtn`kitf, ;3% an qun snk ubk _krnzk, 13% an qun snk ub foentf f nqumpf nstëbakr, y 13% an qun snk ub pnakzf an igktkrrk smb vkdfr. Bf
punans uskr nstk aftn pkrk tfjkr ub foentf an ftrk irmkturk. Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk >5 Ktkqun Ssmifqumbítmif (> pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans uskr nstk aftn an afs jkbnrks. Dk prmjnrk ns dnvkbtkbaf ub foentf pnskaf y dkbzkrdf ifbtrk ub foentmvf k ifrtk amstkbimk. Nstf ns ubk kiimùb an Mbtndnitf dk iukd, sm ns nxmtfsk, m bmln 0 pubtfs
an akûf tkbtf kd fpfbnbtn ifjf kd foentf (nd iukd pfarêk snr ftrf fpfbnbtn y rnqunrmrêk ? tmrkaks, ubk pkrk dflrkr dnvkbtkr kd fpfbnbtn, y ftrk pkrk kdikbzkr kd foentmvf). Dk snlubak jkbnrk an utmdmzkr nstk aftn ns dmonrkbaf ub nstkddmaf sõomtf an nbnrlêk qun sùdf k`nitk foentfs mbkbmjkafs qun snkb an dk jmtka an tu tkjkûf. Gkz ubk tmrkak an Mbtndnitf pkrk anstrumr ub foentf mbstkbtëbnkjnbtn. Dk amiudtka an nstk tkrnk sn amsjmbuyn nb 9 (ifjpkrkaf ifb anstrumrdf ifb `unrzk
orutk). Kiimùb.
Iktnlfrêk 05 Kdtnrkr dk Jktnrmk (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qu afjmbmf an dk tndnhmbnsms ns tkb lrkban qun punans jkbmpudkr foentfs k bmvnd jfdniudkr. Sunans k`nitkr ub õbmif foentf qun bf snk jës lrkban qun tõ, qun nstí anbtrf an tu ikjpf an vmsmùb y punaks tfikrdf. Sunans uskr nstk aftn pkrk akûkr nd foentf tkd y ifjf df gkrêk ub Ktkqun Ssmifqumbítmif, pnrf rnauimnbaf dk amiudtka nb 1. F punans mbtnbtkr jfdankr ub foentf y irnkr ubf
bunvf. Nstk ns ubk tkrnk an `kormikimùb, dk iukd tmnbn ubk amiudtka an ; jës nd bmvnd and foentf qun sn trktk an
irnkr. Kiimùb.
Sfrtk ub Gkdf an @unlf Sunans irnkr ub jkbtf an `unlf kdrnanafr an tu iunrpf. Aneks gunddks ikrofbmzkaks afban snk qun vkyks, y bf punans jkbnekr foentfs ifjoustmodns smb prmjnrf nxtmblumr tus ddkjks. Ym rnkdmzks kdlubk nsftnrêk (f n`nitfs smjmdkrns jës kddë an dks gkomdmakans gujkbks bfrjkdns), tfafs tus n`nitfs nstëb jktmzkafs ifb
Y N A K A M _ K D ^ L B M Y
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
kjks. Qus pfanrns vkb smnjprn kifjpkûkafs an ub
`unlf. @kiudtka.
pfr nd `unlf punan ddnlkr k jfamikr tus aftns pkrk
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Dkbzkddkjks (? pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Jmnbtrks nd Pndf an @unlf nstí kitmvf, punans iflnr ub puûkaf an tu gkdf y dkbzkrdf gkimk ub foentmvf. Nstn ns
`udlfr ddkjnkbtn, y nb kdlubfs iksfs tu prnamdniimùb
kûkamrdns tu tfqun kramnbtn. Srfokodnjnbtn usks rfpks rfeks y kjkrmddks, f tkd vnz bnlrks. Kubqun dk jkyfrêk an qumnbns tfjkb nstn ikjmbf sfb bkbfs, dfs msfs y ldkamfs qun afjmbkb nd `unlf sfb juy tnjmafs. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln k ub pnrsfbken. Sfr kdlubk nxtrkûk rkzùb, tu `unlf bf punan dkstmjkr k nsk pnrsfbk. Nqumpf kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ub krtn`kitf, ub amspfsmtmvf qun rfiêk foentfs mbkbmjkafs y dfs gkin rnsmstnbtns kd `unlf. Qfaf tu nqumpf yk gk smaf rfimkaf, k jnbfs qun animaks qun bf snk ksê. Nsftnrêks an `unlf5 kqunddks nsftnrêks qun bfrjkdjnbtn jkbmpudkb nbnrlêk f ndnitrmimaka pkskb k uskr `unlf. Sfr nenjpdf, dk rë`klk an `unrzk an Igfqun sn trkbs`frjk nb rë`klks an `unlf, jmnbtrks qun Anstnddf pksk k snr ubk nxpdfsmùb ddkjnkbtn. Nstks kdtnrkimfbns bf ikjomkb dk ikbtmaka an akûf smbf su bkturkdnzk y nd gnigf an qun punanb ikuskr mbinbamfs f ifbsujmr foentfs qun bf snkb k prunok an `unlf. Ftrf nenjpdf an kdtnrkimùb sn ak ifb Okrrnrk, dk iukd pksk k snr ub jurf an ddkjks. Nb nstn iksf, dk nsftnrêk qunak kdtnrkak an jkbnrk qun dk okrrnrk yk bf ns sùdmak y nb vnz an nddf gkin ub pubtf an akûf k qumnb dk tfqun y 1
ub ktkqun an kdikbin ifrtf qun gkin 1 pubtfs an akûf
an `unlf. Kiimùb. Sfanr @udlurkbtn5 Iukbaf usns Igfqun f Anstnddf, mbirnjnbtk nd akûf nb ;. Ym bf tmnbns bmblubk an nsks aftns, nstk bf tmnbn n`nitf. Nd Sfanr @udlurkbtn bf k`nitk nd akûf gnigf sm usks Igfqun pkrk k`nitkr dk jnbtn and fpfbnbtn. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Jkbf Kramnbtn an dk Ifbanbk (9 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Jmnbtrks nd Pndf an @unlf nstí kitmvf, punans iflnr ub puûkaf an tu gkdf y irnkr ubk jkbf gnigk an ddkjk vmvk, dk iukd ns afs vnins jës lrkban qun dk tuyk prfpmk. Dk jkbf gkin df qun dn franbns jmnbtrks ftk nb nd kmrn. Amrmlmr dk jkbf ns ubk kiimùb
y ístk bf gkin bkak sm bf sn dn ak ubk franb. Qmnbn ub kdikbin lrkban nd iukd punan rnifrrnr nb ubk vundtk. Dk jkbf punan klkrrkr, jfvnr y ikrlkr ifsks, pnrf tfaf df qun tfik rnimon ; pubtf an akûf an `unlf pfr vundtk. Nb ifjoktn, ns ifbsmanrkak ubk irmkturk an bmvnd 9
qun punan ktkikr ikuskbaf ; pubtf an akûf an `unlf kamimfbkd. ^bk vnz irnkak, dk jkbf tmnbn ;3 jmbutfs an nxmstnbimk. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr8 kiimùb pkrk amrmlmr.
pubtfs an akûf k qumnb dk ktrkvmnsn. Yulnrnbimk pkrk n`nitf jnbfr5 Nd fpfbnbtn f kdlumnb inrikbf ifjmnbzk k kranr. Yulnrnbimk pkrk n`nitf jkyfr5 ^bk pmnzk mjpfrtkbtn and nqumpf and fpfbnbtn ns anstrumak.
Iktnlfrêk 15 Mjoumr (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, nxtmnban tu gkdf pkrk iuormr ub krjk qun
Iktnlfrêk ;5 Pndf an @unlf (; pubtf an Mbtndnitf)5 Sunans iuormr tfaf tu iunrpf nb ddkjks k vfdubtka gkstk pfr ;3 jmbutfs. Nd `unlf bf tn k`nitk, pnrf dn gkin ? pubtfs an akûf k iukdqumnrk qun trktn an tfikrtn f ktkikrtn amrnitkjnbtn. Dks ddkjks qun prfvnblkb an ftrk `unbtn kõb punanb ikuskrtn akûf, pnrf jmnbtrks nd vndf nstí kitmvf fotmnbns +? kd odmbaken õbmikjnbtn ifbtrk
Iktnlfrêk >5 @dklndfs Kramnbtns (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Ikak vnz qun df ansnns, trns klndfs f
nstís odkbamnbaf ifb ubk kjk pfr ubk gfrk. Dk kjk sn nxtmblun nb iukbtf sundtks nd krjk. Jmnbtrks dk kjk
nstí vmvk, nd krjk gkin ? pubtfs an akûf kamimfbkdns. @kiudtka.
tnbtëiudfs kjnkbtns orftkb an tu gkdf dmstfs pkrk ktkikr. Yn gkin ubk tmrkak an ktkqun pfr ikak klndf y gkinb 1 pubtfs an akûf ikak ubf. Franbkr qun ktkqunb iunbtk ifjf ubk kiimùb. Ym bf usks dfs klndfs pkrk
ktkikr, pnrjkbninb kitmvkafs pnrf bf gkinb bkak. 11
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
Aurkb ;3 jmbutfs kbtns an anskpkrninr. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 05 Ymrvmnbtn an @unlf (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 K pkrtmr an tu gkdf, punans `kormikr ub kutùjktk an `unlf ifb tus jnamaks y rkslfs. Fonanin k tus ùranbns ikak vundtk, df iukd iunbtk ifjf ubk kiimùb. Ym bf dn aks mbstruiimfbns, ifbtmbõk neniutkbaf dk õdtmjk franb rnimomak. Sunans mbtrfauimr kiimfbns prflrkjkaks smjpdns ifjf —Nspnrk kquê y ktkik k iukdqumnrk qun sn kinrqun k ubk amstkbimk ifrtk gkstk qun junrk‚. Nd kutùjktk sn nxtmblun k dfs ;3 jmbutfs y sùdf punan rnimomr ùranbns anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk lrkban. Ns ubk irmkturk an bmvnd > y gkin ; pubtf an akûf an `unlf
kamimfbkd iukbaf ktkik. Kiimùb pkrk irnkr8 Kiimùb pkrk amrmlmr.
Pmvn k dk Mbtnjpnrmn
Gkomtks nb nd ansikjpkaf. Srfokodnjnbtn df gks gnigf pfr iksm tfak tu vmak, ddnlkbaf k ifjprnbanr dfs jmstnrmfs an dk bkturkdnzk, nd idmjk y dk supnrvmvnbimk. Dk skomaurêk an dk frk y dk `kubk ns tu tuyk. Qus aurks
y tfsiks rfpks anjunstrkb tu pfik prnfiupkimùb pfr dk ndnlkbimk. Ns jës mjpfrtkbtn pkrk tm iuormrtn ifb dfs fdfrns an dk bkturkdnzk pkrk fiudtkr tu rkstrf, qun tfjkr ub okûf y jkbtnbnrtn prnsnbtkodn pkrk ftrfs gujkbfs. Ldkamfs n msfs sfb dks idksns jës ifjubns nb dks tmnrrks skdvkens, qumnbns k vnins trkokekb ifjf luêks, ikzkafrns, nxpdfrkafrns f rkstrnkafrns. ^b bkbf qun vmvk k dk mbtnjpnrmn pfarêk snr vmstf ifjf ub skinraftn bkturkdmstk f ub gnigminrf skdvken. Ifbnxmùb5 Nsifln ub pnrsfbken qun bf prfvnblk an dks tmnrrks skdvkens. Bf punans nvmtkr snbtmr imnrtf ansprnimf gkimk nsn pnrsfbken y sus jfakdns —imvmdmzkafs‚, dfs iukdns mrrnspntkb k dk bkturkdnzk y k dk vnraka (nb tu fpmbmùb). Nqumpf mbmimkd kamimfbkd5 Qmnbns ubk orõeudk. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jnbfrns5 ^b fpfbnbtn qun snk ubk irmkturk bkturkd prnnrn gumr qun snlumr
duigkbaf ifbtmlf. Yulnrnbimks pkrk n`nitfs jkyfrns5 ^b fpfbnbtn qun snk ubk irmkturk bkturkd sn tfrbk ikutndfskjnbtn pksmvk. Iktnlfrêk ;5 Pmak Ykdvken5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsikdkr y bkakr. @kiudtka. Ykomaurêk Ykdvken5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk frmnbtkrtn nb tmnrrks skdvkens, y pkrk manbtmikr pdkbtks y irmkturks.
@kiudtka.
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
1>
Iktnlfrêk ?5 Yupnrvmvnbimk5 Ym tn akb kd jnbfs ubk gfrk, smnjprn punans nbifbtrkr ifjmak y kluk pftkodn nb tmnrrks skdvkens. Sunans mbidusf prfvnnr pkrk ub lrupf pnqunûf sm ns bninskrmf. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, kd snr tkb rnsmstnbtn y gkonrtn nbaurnimaf ifb nd tmnjpf, sn rnauin dk amiudtka nb ; pkrk tfdnrkr dfs n`nitfs an dfs
vnbnbfs bkturkdns (ifjf dfs qun prfvmnbnb an pdkbtks y kbmjkdns). Nrns mbjubn k dks nb`nrjnakans bkturkdns. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 95 Ynbtmafs y Snrinpimùb Kbmjkd5 Nrns ifjpntnbtn pkrk nsiuigkr y dfikdmzkr ifsks. Kamimfbkdjnbtn, dk jkyfrêk an dks vnins, nd bkrrkafr anonrêk kavnrtmrtn sm nstës k pubtf an iknr nb ubk njofsikak f trkjpk qun snk jnbfr kd bmvnd 9. @kiudtka.
Nxpdfrkafr Ykdvken5 Kd tfjkr iukdqumnr kiimùb (mbiduynbaf nd ifjoktn) nb tmnrrks skdvkens, mlbfrks tfaks dks pnbkdmzkimfbns qun sn anokb k ikusks bkturkdns ifjf pkstf ndnvkaf, jkdnzk tupmak, tnrrnbf kiimanbtkaf, jkd idmjk, y ifsks pfr nd nstmdf. @kiudtka. Iktnlfrêk 15 Snrinpimùb Ykdvken (1 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Qu ifbnxmùb ifb nd jubaf bkturkd ns ifbsmanrkak pfr kdlubfs ifjf sfornbkturkd. Jmnbtrks tn nbiunbtrns nb tmnrrks skdvkens, tus snbtmafs sn kjpdêkb gkstk ubk jmddk k dk rnafbak y punans gkinr ubk prnlubtk smjpdn y lnbnrkd kinrik an dk zfbk ifjf —¶Gkimk aùban nstë nd ikjpkjnbtf nbnjmlf6‚ f —¶Ns qun bunstrf ifjpkûnrf smlun ifb vmak6‚. Ym dk rnspunstk qun ousiks bf sn nbiunbtrk nb dk zfbk, bf rnimons bmblubk mb`frjkimùb. Kiimùb. Iktnlfrêk >5 Dk Bkturkdnzk Nstë an tu Dkaf (> pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Jmnbtrks tn nbiunbtrns nb tnrrnbfs skdvkens, dfs fpfbnbtns k ifrtk amstkbimk sn trfpmnzkb ifb rfiks, sn nbrnakb ifb rkêins, dns pmikb dfs mbsnitfs y sfb amstrkêafs f ifb`ubamafs pfr kbmjkdns pnqunûfs. Dk amiudtka an iukdqumnr tkrnk sn jfamik nb ; nb ifbtrk
an dfs fpfbnbtns. Nd n`nitf aurk ;3 jmbutfs. Kiimùb pkrk mbmimkr. Iktnlfrêk 05 ^bf ifb dk Bkturkdnzk (0 pubtfs an Mbtndnitf)5 Sfr dfs prùxmjfs ;3 jmbutfs, dks pdkbtks y kbmjkdns bkturkdns, anbtrf an ubk amstkbimk lrkban, bf tn dkstmjkrëb k tm f k kqunddfs qun ansmlbns. K iimùb. Jknstrf an dk Bkturkdnzk5 Jmnbtrks nstís nb tnrrnbf skdvken, tu Pnbtkek an Sftnbimk, Pndfimaka, n Mbtndnitf sn mbirnjnbtkb nb ;. Iukbaf gklks ubk tmrkak an rniupnrkimùb nb tnrrnbf skdvken, rniupnrks nd afodn an pubtfs. @kiudtka.
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Nqumpf
N
d Bfvnbf Jubaf ns ubk jnzidk nbtrn nd pkskaf y nd `uturf, an df prmjmtmvf y df nxtrnjkakjnbtn kvkbzkaf, an dmjmtkimfbns n mbklftkomdmaka. Nstk jnzidk sn gkin jës nvmanbtn kd fosnrvkr dks gnrrkjmnbtks qun sus gkomtkbtns uskb, sus rfpks, sus krjks y sus nqumpfs. Nstk sniimùb ansirmon dk jfbnak, dfs jktnrmkdns y nd nqumpf and Bfvnbf Jubaf.
JFBNAK Lrkimks kd kvkbin nb jmbnrêk y jntkdurlmk an dfs jubafs kbtnrmfrns, y su kpkrnbtn gkomdmaka pkrk irnkr df qun qumsmnrkb, bmblõb jntkd f jktnrmkd ns jës rkrf qun dfs anjës. Dk lnbtn and Bfvnbf Jubaf bf tmnbn mank an qun kdlubk vnz nd frf, dk pdktk, dks d ks pmnarks prnimfsks, f kub dfs amkjkbtns, `unsnb nb kdlõb jfjnbtf vkdmfsfs anomaf k su nsiksnz. Nsfs jktnrmkdns tmnbnb ub vkdfr okskaf nb su usf y onddnzk sfdkjnbtn. ] dks jfbnaks sfb kinptkaks an kiunraf k su rnspkdaf. Ikak jfbnak tmnbn su bfjorn prfpmf, f nstëb gnigks an jktnrmkdns amvnrsfs, anpnbamnbaf and dulkr y qumíbns dk kiuûkb. Nb kdlubfs dulkrns, dk lnbtn kiunrak rnimomr jfbnaks mjprnsks nb iukdqumnr jktnrmkd. Nb ftrfs dulkrns jës lrkbans y ifb jës ifjnrimf, gky jës nxmlnbimks nb iukbtf kd jktnrmkd. Nd vkdfr an dk jfbnak df ak dk kinptkimùb qun tnblk. Nb kdlubks rnlmfbns and Bfvnbf Jubaf, sùdf sn kinptkb jfbnaks kiuûkaks nb imnrtfs dulkrns, nb ftrks rnlmfbns jës ifbnitkaks, sn kinptkb jfbnaks an juigks pkrtns. Nstf vkrêk an sfimnaka nb sfimnaka. Dk jkyfrêk an dks sfimnakans imvmdmzkaks uskb jfbnaks kiuûkaks pfr kdlõb okbif f lrnjmf qun dks rnspkdak.
JKQN_MKDNY
Dk jkyfrêk an dfs foentfs and Bfvnbf Jubaf nstëb gnigfs an jkanrk, iunrf, pmnark, irmstkd, f jntkd. Dks gnrrnrêks y `rkluks punanb prfauimr foentfs an kinrf an lrkb ikdmaka, pnrf lnbnrkdjnbtn trkokekb ifb gmnrrf y orfbin. Ymb njokrlf, nd pdëstmif (kd qun ddkjkb smbtn), dk pmnark f kinrf frlëbmif, dfs irmstkdns nxùtmifs, f jktnrmkdns kub jës rkrfs bf sfb ansifbfimafs. Qkdns jktnrmkdns mbiduynb, pnrf bf sn dmjmtkb k, snak an kakjkbtmf, kinrf kzudkaf, dfsk nspujk, pmnark frlëbmik, jntkd pdnlkodn, pmnark an jfdan, y irmstkinrf. Dfs foentfs jës ifjubns and Bfvnbf Jubaf nstëb gnigfs an jktnrmkdns ifbvnbimfbkdns, pnrf bf ns rkrf nbifbtrkr kdlubfs foentfs gnigfs an nsks sustkbimks jës nxùtmiks. Dfs foentfs gnigfs an nsks sustkbimks sfb rnsmaufs an jubafs kbtmlufs, ksê qun juigk lnbtn punan nstkr `kjmdmkrmzkak ifb nddfs, pnrf juy pfifs skonb iùjf prfauimr jës. K am`nrnbimk and frf y dks efyks, nstfs jktnrmkdns sê sfb rnifbfimafs pfr snr nsiksfs, pnrf sn dns vkdfrk jës pfr sus usfs qun ifjnrimkdjnbtn.
IK_LK
Dfs pnsfs an dfs foentfs bf nstëb dmstkafs. An gnigf, snrêk mbõtmd gkinrdf pfrqun nd pnsf an ikak foentf
anpnban and jktnrmkd ifb nd qun ns gnigf. ^b gkigk an gmnrrf y ub gkigk an inrëjmik tnbarêkb pnsfs am`nrnbtns. Dk jkyfrêk an dks vnins, bf gky bninsmaka an nstkr pnbamnbtns an iuëbtk ikrlk ddnvk ub pnrsfbken.
DMYQK AN S_NIMFY Nd nqumpf nb nd Bfvnbf Jubaf ns usukdjnbtn pkrnimaf kd qun sn pfaêk nbifbtrkr nb tmnjpfs jnamnvkdns, pnrf punan ddnlkr k snr juigf jës kvkbzkaf. Sfr nenjpdf, ubk tmnbak an ikjpkûk f ub skif an afrjmr punanb nstkr gnigfs an orks smbtítmiks qun dfs gkinb
mjpnrjnkodns y jës dmlnrfs. ^bk iftk an jkddks pfarêk nstkr gnigk an kbmddfs an irmstkd jës sùdmafs y dmlnrfs qun nd kinrf. Dfs foentfs an nqumpkjmnbtf nspnimkd bf sfb bfrjkdjnbtn irnkafs pfr `kormikbtns and Bfvnbf Jubaf. Kd ifbtrkrmf, sfb rniupnrkafs an kbtmlufs ksnbtkjmnbtfs. Snrf sfb nbifbtrkafs usukdjnbtn nb ikbtmakans df suimnbtnjnbtn lrkbans ifjf pkrk nbtrkr
nb nd ifjnrimf. Dfs prnimfs punanb vkrmkr an dulkr k dulkr, pnrf nb ubk nifbfjêk nstkodn ub krjk dmlnrk punan ifstkr bfrjkdjnbtn ; jfbnak, jmnbtrks qun ubk jnamk punan
ifstkr 9, y ubk pnskak >. Dks krjkaurks dmlnrks iunstkb 9 jfbnaks, dks jnamkbks >, y dks pnskaks ;>. Dk jkyfrêk an dfs foentfs jës ifjubns iunstkb an ; k 9 jfbnaks.
K_JKA^_K Sunans uskr sùdf ub tmpf an krjkaurk k dk vnz. Ymb njokrlf, dks ofbmikimfbns an odmbaken an amvnrsks
prfinanbimks sn ifjombkb pkrk akrtn ub tftkd an pubtfs an odmbaken. Sfr nenjpdf, tmnbns mjpdkbtns suoiutëbnfs qun tn ftfrlkb +; an odmbaken, ub ikjpf an `unrzk qun tn ak +; an odmbaken, y ubk krjkaurk an iunrf qun tn prfpfrimfbk +? an odmbaken. Qmnbns ub tftkd an +1 an
odmbaken. Iukdqumnrk punan uskr iukdqumnr tmpf an krjkaurk, pnrf gkinrdf punan snr klftkafr. ^skr krjkaurks rnqumnrn mbvnrtmr pubtfs an Sftnbimk y rnauin dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka. Sunans ansikbskr pkrk rniupnrkr dfs pubtfs an Sftnbimk pnramafs, kub iukbaf smlks uskbaf dk krjkaurk (ifbsudtk k tu bkrrkafr pkrk jës antkddns). Dk rnauiimùb an dk rnsnrvk an Pndfimaka sùdf anskpkrnin iukbaf tn qumtks dk krjkaurk. Dfs ldkamfs n msfs tmnbnb aftns qun rnauinb nd ifstf y pnbkdmzkimùb an ddnvkr krjkaurk.
K_JKJNBQF
Bf tfafs dfs pnrsfbkens nstëb `kjmdmkrmzkafs ifb dks krjks. Dfs ldkamfs nstëb gkomtukafs kd usf an dk jkyfrêk an dfs tmpfs an krjks, pnrf dfs msfs prnnrnb krjks dmlnrks f jnamks, y dfs bkbfs usukdjnbtn prnnrnb dks
dmlnrks. Ym njpuûks ub krjk ifb dk iukd bf tmnbns nxpnrmnbimk, dk amiudtka an gkinr ub ktkqun ifb nsk krjk sn
mbirnjnbtk nb ;. Krjkjnbtf Dmlnrf5 Mbmln sùdf afs pubtfs an akûf, 10
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Qkodk Krjkaurk
pnrf rnauin dk amiudtka an dk tmrkak an ktkqun nb ; pfr
snr rëpmaks y `ëimdns an uskr. Nd krjkjnbtf dmlnrf mbiduyn puûfs, pktkaks, bkvkeks, lkrrftns, nstfquns y krjks pfr nd nstmdf. Iukdqumnr krjk qun snk pkrtmiudkrjnbtn pnqunûk ns ub krjk dmlnrk. Krjkjnbtf Jnamf5 Mbmln 1 pubtfs an akûf. Nd krjkjnbtf jnamf mbiduyn nspkaks, gkigks an oktkddk, okddnstks, dkbzks y krjks pfr nd nstmdf. Iksm tfaks dks krjks sfb ifbsmanrkaks krjkjnbtf jnamf. Iukdqumnr
ifsk qun punak uskrsn ifb ubk jkbf (kub iukbaf sn punak uskr ifb kjoks ifjf dfs oëiudfs f dkbzks) ns ub krjk jnamk. Krjkjnbtf Snskaf5 Mbmln 0 pubtfs an akûf y anons uskrdfs ifb kjoks jkbfs pkrk ktkikr. Dks krjks pnskaks sfb dks lrkbans nspkaks, kdjëanbks, lrkbans gkigks, kdkokraks y okddnstks pnskaks. Iukdqumnr ifsk qun anok snr uskaf ifb afs jkbfs ns ub krjk pnskak.
Mjklnb prfpmnaka an QJ dnlkd y © ?3;1 Jfbtn Iffh Lkjns, DDI.
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
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Krjkjnbtf
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L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
Nqumpf Amvnrsf
BFQKY Y^SDNJNBQK_MKY Gnrrkjmnbtks Dmlnrks5 Ifbtmnbn pmbzks pnqunûks, kdmiktns, anstfrbmddkafrns, ub jkrtmddf pnqunûf, ubk pkdkbik pnqunûk, lkbzõks, 9 jntrfs an iunrak, ; jntrf an kdkjorn, y kdlubfs idkvfs y tfrbmddfs.
Gnrrkjmnbtks Snskaks5 Ifbtmnbn ub jkrtmddf, snms nstkiks, pkdkbik, pmbzks, imbind, y 9 jntrfs an kdkjorn `unrtn. Dmorf5 Srfvnn ub rniursf pkrk iukdqumnr tmrkak rndkimfbkak ifb nd tnjk trktkaf anb nd tnxtf, smnjprn y iukbaf nd pnrsfbken tnblk nd dmorf nb su pfanr, df punak dnnr y punak anamikr jnamk gfrk k nstk t krnk. Hmt an Ams`rkz5 Ifbtmnbn ifsjítmifs, prùtnsms `kimkdns, y kdlubfs ftrfs krtmimfs f truifs. Srfvnn ub rniursf pkrk ams`rkzkrsn, amsjmbuynbaf amsjmbuynbaf dk amiudtka nb ; iukbaf mbtnbtks ams`rkzkrtn f ams`rkzkr k ftrk pnrsfbk. Nqumpf an Nxpdfrkafr5 Ifbtmnbn ;> jntrfs an iunrak, rkimfbns pkrk 9 aêks, 9 nstkiks, jkrtmddf, rfpk kormlkak, oftks an ikjpkûk, 9 kbtfrigks, y ? dujms`nrks jnbfrns.
Hmt an Srmjnrfs Kuxmdmfs5 Ifbtmnbn vnbakens, tmenrks, pmbzks, kddnrns, kagnsmvf, pfdvfs, pfjkaks f dêqumafs kbtmsíptmifs y kbkdlísmifs an kdlõb tmpf. Srfvnn ub rniursf pkrk tkrnks an skbkimùb, amsjmbuynbaf dk amiudtka nb ; iukbaf trktks an iurkrtn k tm f k ftrk pnrsfbk.
L^ÊK AND E^LKAF_
1=
