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INTRODUCCI&N ................................................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................2 .....2 MAPA DEL MUNDO SUBTERR$NEO ........................................................................................................3 MAPA DE LAS TIERRAS DEL SUE!O .........................................................................................................4 Clasificaci#n cien"fica..........................................................................................................................7
Ab#*# ................................................... Ab#*#........................ ...................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ............................................8 .................8 Aaa d L)" ........................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................10 ........................10 A'ac#-Nac#a ......................... .................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .............................12 .12 Ba$'$c* ......................... .................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ......................................14 ..........14 B$a N/b.......................................... N/b..................................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ..........................................16 ...............16 B'/+............................................................................ B'/+................................................ ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................18 ....................18 B*&/" ......................... .................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ..........................................20 ...............20 B/*+*#.............................................................. B/*+*#.................................. ....................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... .............................22 ..22 Da"*)-(a$+*a ......................... .................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................24 ....................24 Ga* d Sa/)* ........................ ................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................26 ........................26 G)*$ .......................... ..................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ...........................................28 ...............28 Ga)d.......................... Ga)d ..................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ......................................30 ...........30 G/".............................................................................. G/".................................................. ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................32 ....................32 G/a)* d !/"* d Pa"............................... Pa".......................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... .............................34 .34 H(!** ........................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .................................36 ......36 H*(b d L)" ........................ ................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................38 ........................38 H*(b +$) .......................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................40 ....................40 La"a* '/($)** .......................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................42 ....................42 Laa d '* D$* E$* ............................................................................ ....................................................................................................... .................................44 ......44 P%a* (a"a# ....................... ................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... .............................46 .46 S d Ib ........................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .................................48 ......48 S$ca$* d Kaa&a' .......................... ...................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................50 ....................50 Ta#*""#/a ........................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... .............................52 ..52 V**)$# .......................... ..................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ...................................................... ......................................54 ...........54 Wa(+.......................................................................... Wa(+.............................................. ....................................................... ...................................................... ...............................................56 ....................56 Z**".................................................................... Z**"........................................ ....................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... .............................58 ..58 G#a, G/', B$a L/)a, )"' Dca)ad* d 'a N*c#, S#a)a& ............................60 NOTAS DE TRADUCCI&N ......................................................................................................................62 BIBLIOGRAF%A........................................................................................................................................62
SOBRE ESA RAD!CCIFN L+/ $/a*+-aa*!/ *+/ $!+/ !+ a+3aa!*! * 80% ! a!a +"ca Cthulhu !/! ! aa!c ! &!#+ !* 1981, aa ! ! $a* /aca+ aa La Llamada de Cthulhu !/! /!!*+/ 6/ ! !a +c!*a ! !+a!/. N /!a c+*+c!+/ c$a/ ! !a/. Ha/a a "!c$a, a a4+a ! a/ bcac+*!/ $a* /+ acc+*!/ ! +#*a!/ ! C$a+/, !+ /+* a*+/ ! *+/ $!+/ !+ *+/ ca*+/. E* !/! ca/+ /! aa ! *+ ! +/ +/ /!!*+/ ! /! $c!+* c+* /ac+*!/ ! a/ caa/ ! +/ M+/, *+ aa a/ ! *+ ! a 2#a 4 ++ aa a/ ! a/ T!a/ ! S!+, ! !/ 7/!. La Ga ! ca+ ! Sa*4 P!!/!* ! caa/ ! a/ T!a/ ! S!+< ( Sandy Sandy Petersen’s Petersen’s field guide to creatures of the Dreamlands, Dreamlands , a a 5!a !*!/ *a *aa ! / +aa +#*a) "! bcaa !* 1989 4 c+*!*! *"+ac* /+b! c!ca ! *a !*!*a ! a5a/ 4 /!!/ !aaa + Sa*4 P!!/!* 4 L4** W/, c+* /ac+*!/ !3ca2a/ 4 /!a/ ! T+ S2a* 4 a#*"ca/ /ac+*!/ a ++ c++ ! Ma' J. F!a, *a ! a/ ca!/ /! / aa a +aa. E* a a/!a ! /!!*+ /! !ca !*+*c!/ !: E S. F!a aba&a !3c/2a!*! !* 6c!/ ! c++!/; !/! b+ c+*!*! a !a 4 a4+ c+!cc* bcaa ! // !"*a+/ ! a#*a2+/ b&+/ a!/a*a!/. Aca!*! 22! 4 aba&a aba&a !* Oac' Oac'a*, a*, Ca"+*a. Ca"+*a.<< D!/! D!/! !*+*c!/ !*+*c!/ $a $a +2+ +2+ ba/a*!, ba/a*!, 4 F!a F!a $a $a $!c$+ $!c$+ +/!+!*! +/!+!*! aba&+/ #a!/ #a!/,, 4 /+*#+ ! 7/a 4a *+ !/ a a4+ bcac* ! /ac+*!/ /4a/. E /!!*+ "! !ca+ a Ga$a* W/+* c+* aac*<. Ea Gaca $a !aa+ a acc* *ca 4 4+ ! $! !*ca#a+ ! !a/+, ac+ +/ aa/ (!* +/ ! $! !c+ *c ++/ +/ #a!/ *ca+/ !* ! aa ! Las Tierras del Sueño , ! /+* 6/ ! +/ ! /! *caba* !* a 2!/* +#*a ! 7/+/) 4 !aa+ a a!ac* "*a. E/a acc* (a caa ! $ac!+/, a !a ! a!+ ! Ea) ! *a a#a /!! ! /!!*+/ !, !/#acaa!*!, **ca "!+* (* +bab!!*! /!6*) bca+/ + *a !+a !* E/a+, $a /+ c!aa aa Pnakotos . E/!+ ! a /"!/ c$+. c+aa a a27/ ! La Biblioteca de Pnakotos.
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INTRODUCCIÓN EA+ +'NA'+, c ' ' 'DaA'+ EAA @ @ @ > @ @ @ @ >@ R >L, >< > T @, > CH@ > $>. E@ >@ O @ K #@-, @ @@ > > O @ @ T K > > , @ O <, > > +T @ K HQ >> > B E@@, @ > > +T @>. ' > @@ > +T. $ > O@ O @ @ > R, > >>L K > > K > > @@@. E@ > @ @R @ >< K ; @ > > +T, @ < T @ >>L: @ , H @>, @ H>>, @ >. > < , @ T @ L> @ > T . ADA EDE BEEFCA `+ @ T @@ K @ @ > @> @ >U@ > O @ > > +T, @ @>@ K , >@ (@) @ @ > O >. A@ @ > < R @ T, @H @ . @@, T, @ O@; @ 26 @ > > +T (K @ @ O), Q>> @@ @@ O > @. > @ O@ @@ > : @ @ @>, @ > O, U@, H K O, K @ > K >. @ >U@ > @ (> T V@ @ @ , > > @ @). + @>K@ H > @ +O@ K > > > +T. @ >U@ @R K @ > H H, R > H T K > >@ @. @ >R K @ > > @* >@ > J. $ @ @ T, @ @ > K @ > > +T, O@ > @ >, > G' *+ '365 *+ S'4* P++89+4 *+ 3549859 *+ C2** . E> @> O L' L2'3'*' *+ C2 K >@ L'9 T+88'9 *+2 S+5 Q@ @ @ >. $ J>U@ @HU@ @> @ HL O >, K O > J> @ H@ U@. AR K , > @ >@ . ' EEAA$ EED' >> @>L O >>O > J@ @. E> @U@ \>] @ > @ @@ > @ HL H >>@ @, > > K > H@ >@ @ > > @ > V> >. $ @ @R > @ R H>, K @ > K H @@ @ K JT @ > @@ > @H O >>O. C
K K @ > Q K > .. $H, K V> > @ >>@@ >U@, K K @ @@ @ @ R> @HU@. A> , > @ > Q @ O K R U @ @ @H @ > @ . $>U > H> @ @HU@, @@@ K @ > @ > @H, K @ T R > > K @ > J , > >, K @O> L@ R H>. A L >>U > , L K @> @ @> K R, @ > H>> > @H @ > . > @, @ >> K > > > > > H >@ J@. + > > > , : > <, T, T @@, K J> @L K #@-. Y'FD'+ +EN'+ G$''+A+ AEA+! EQ E> CH F>>I
E> R H> @H =@ * N. de TK: sin utilidad hoy en día, la he sustituido por las notas de traduccin. ** N. de TK: a!n en proyecto de traduccin al compartir este documento.
MAPA DEL MUNDO SUBTERRÁNEO
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MAPA DE LAS TIERRAS DEL SUEÑO
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26. )) ? X +R, K @>@ @ @ > @ 27 X , @ @O> @ > K @ H BE+A $A, O@ 60-61 18. L% %%% )... X...< K V K @ @? A$AC-ACA, O@ 12-13 X ... H> K @ O@? AANA DE $EG, O@ 10-11
19. E &@)(? X > @ 26 X +R, K @ > @ 20
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17. )) *% () %%%? X +R > @ 18 X > @ 19
COMIEN$A AQ!
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2. )) %%? X +R > @ 3 X > @ 7
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4. E ' >% < )) %? X , @ @ > @ > @ 5 X +R > @ 6 7. )) )& ()*(, %) &))) *) ): % % () ')? X , K > @ K > @ @@ B$E, O@ 18-19 X /+R/ [ > J > $AA DE $'+ ''+ D'+E+, O@ 44-45 X +R > @ 8
12. S )% ... X ...@H, @ R K ? A, O@ 56-57 X ...@ @H K @ @@ R? > @ 13 14. S )>' )>... X...@ K @ >? B'#G, O@ 20-21 X ...@ , @, @ < K @ ? BE+A $A, O@ 60-61 X ...@ , T, >@ K ? ''G, O@ 58-59
5. E) )') )... X Z HH >, , @ < K ? DAGb A'+A, O@ 24-25 X Z>, @ K @ ? `GE$ DE+CAAD' DE $A 'CE, O@ 60-61
6. E... X Z@ O< > @ >>@ >? `A' AGA, O@ 46-47 X Z@ @ > K H@@? BA+$+C', O@ 14-15
8. R)%()')? X BE+A BE, O@ 16-17 X +R > @ 9
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28. S *% )... X ...@ , @ @@ @>@? > @ 29 X ... K @, @ @ H@ K @@ @@@? AB', O@ 8-9
29. E>... X ...@ K @ @ @? G+A' DE FEG', O@ 34-35 X ...>@@ @@@, @ @U> ? GA' DE +A', O@ 26-27
30. )) %? X +R, K > @ @ @ @ @O> G', O@ 28-29 X >@ @ > @ 31
21. S %% )... X ...T K @ @ > > @ >? ''G, O@ 59-60 X ... > @ K? > @ 22
13. H%< )>' %)% ) '%&)=%? X +R > @ 14 X > @ 15
15. E )(? X +R, K @ @ JU@ @>@ +A'GGA, O@ 52-53 X > @ 16
16. C>% )% ))? X D, @ @ @ '', O@ 54-55 X D, @ @ K H +E DE B, O@ 48-49 X C, @ >@ H@ EbF'', O@ 36-37
10. E ) *%... X ...@ U@, @ > K >? $AGA' $'+', O@ 42-43 X ... @ @R, @ @ K? +CA' DE #AA#A$, O@ 50-51
9. )) *% () +%? X , K > @ > > @ 10 X @, K L H> @>@ GA' DE +A', O. 26-27
32. )) % &'%... X ...@ > @ @ > U, K HH @ @ ? B'', O@ 22-23 X ...> @ >, K @ O <? AGAG '+, O@ 30 X ...@, >@ K H @ @ > H@? +A'GGA, O@ 52-53
31. E %% )... X ... O @ @ @? > @ 32 X ... O T @ @, @ @ > > @ >? ''G, O@ 58-59 22. S%%? X +R, K @ @ @ @ @L GA+, O@ 60-61 X > @ 23
23. E () %% %? X +R > @ 24 X , O @ K O > @ 25
24. L% '%% () %% % )... X ... @, @ @, @ > K @ @@ @@? G$, O@ 60-61 X ... @, @ K @ >? GADE, O@ 30-31 X ...@ @, @ @ K @ > @? 'BE DE $EG, O@ 38-39
25. E +% %() )... X ... O 4 >, @ @ H>? GG, O@ 32-33 X ... O 2,5 >, > K ? +A'GGA, O@ 52-53
C#a)2cac0% ce%*.2ca IN"#!$CCIONE" E + /=< J 1 +< <> /=<. ! + /=< / <= +<. "<< /=< + +. L * += <+ <. E / = * < +< < +. " = + /=< <, , <+. = >.
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(Ea) "... 4 8+64'4+ +4+4*85 45845 44*'*5 *+ 4' 58864 58 4' 39 5882+ 7+ 2'9 39 4+8'9 5408'54+9 *+ 258'9 358'2+9 + 49'4'9. H8<+4*5, 80+'4*5, '4*59+ 535 9+86+4+9 +425*'*'9, '6'8++4*5 8+35<4*59+ +4 +9+ 8'4 '0+85, 6856'4*59+ '2 54'5 965. H.P. L#*ec&af(
Abh&*h
D)')()'% () A&& A/ + = <, / + = /< / + = +++. A== = +< M= "=*<, #> <* *= =+ # "= (= D/ +<). B < : = + +, #> A M=+/.
F/. 1 #>; #> A =+/
A @ @@ @ @ K <@ @ , K U @@@. @ @ @ Q@ @@ >>U@ K @ >< . C@ > L>> A @@ >V@ @@ >@ H > @>, >@ R- > >@ O@ ><, > O @ > @ H@ @ HH . $ @ @ > A @@ @@@ @ >, @> @ >, > J Q>. A> @ > @@ @ K @ , K > KR @ O T, @ O@. E@ >@ O > @ +O@ @ @ > . A@ @ @ (> "F@ +"), A @ @ @@ @ (K, 1990). >@ G @ > @ +O@, >>. HBITAT: $ @ > @ +O@. DISTRIBUCIN: A >@ @ @ @H > > +T > . + @>@, @H> K > H@ >@ @ >U@ @ . IDA # HBITOS: $ @H @ @ H>H Q @ @@ @ A J>@ , @ HL @ @, J> @ @ J> @ > > @, > @ (> K @ U@ ). E@@ > H@ @ K , @ , @>@, @H. A H> @ > @>@ @ @@ O, @ @ U@ < > R . E @ @ @ J R K "H@ H@>". E> @ > > @@ @ A HR @ O >; H @I>> (1988) @ @ > @< > @H. DISTINGUIENDO A ABHOTH: d + @@ U@ @ @ A > O @ @ > > +T.
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E9 '952'3+4+ 4++9'85, 6'8' 2' 6'@ 9+8*'* *+ 2' 3'4*'*, 7+ '2459 *+ 259 8454+9 59859 3+859 *+ 2' T+88' *+ 2'9 6854**'*+9 45 954*+'*'9 9+'4 *+0'*59 +4 6'@, '9 '4583'2*'*+9 *83+4+9 45 *+96+8+4 6'8' <52<+8 ' 988 ' 2' <*', 2'9+3'9 6+9'*22'9 96+8<<+4+9 45 9+ 8++8@'4 9+ +96'8@'4 +8' *+ 99 59859 2+9 '' 4+<'9 8'4*+9 5479'9. H.P. L5<+8'
A(a/a) de Le%g
!% %% () %%% (A) $ > =< / = / *< < <; (B) < < * <; (C) < + ></ + +<; (D) * + = <; (E) + +; (F) + < + +<= > = >> < +=<. E < A L/ = = + + < <.
+@ T V @ > @ T V@, @ @ T @>@ > @ > O T. @@@, > > @@@ @ @ > T. (1984) @ > @ > > Humungognatha, @ > > Aranea. $ AT $@ @@ . @ Q@ @@ 1,5 @> K @ 2 K 3 ; @ @ @ > <> 12 @> K @ 5 K 6 . Q@ K @ > 80 @> K @ 8 K 12 @ > @ (>@, 1971). E@ @, > $@ >L@ >> @ > AT $@. E @> R@ R > > > -@, K > O > AT $@ R K O @ @ (, 1979). HBITAT: @ @, H, K L@ >. $ AT $@ >@ K=, , @= K @ @> >>@ . C@ @ > >>@ @, H H@ @ @ @ @ >. DISTRIBUCIN: E@ > O > $@; @ >>R. IDA # HBITOS: @ @RH. D > AT $@ @>@, > U@ >T @ @@H, @ > >@ @ @ < @@ U@ K > @>. @@ > >T @ O > @ @ V@> R, K HR @@ @ T . + > O K O >O @ > . $ AT $@ > >T >@, >@ > , @ HR R K @@ . $ @ AT $@ @@, LO @@ L@ L >, K >L L (>@, .) @ J . DISTINGUIENDO A LAS ARAAS DE LENG: d A>- @ >>H < K @ L @. d $ + #=> @ O T K O@ >L K @ @R. d $ @ O T, @@ @ < K >@, K @ R @ > R K @ @>.
F/. 2 "+=+ + <
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"... '9' 7+ *+ 2' 58864 85' 4' <*' +96'459' 2'9 8'8'9 7+ 9+ '23+4'4 *+ 2' '885' *+ 2' +88' '3+4'4 952'6'*'3+4+ 6'8' 59'82' 9+ '+4 3549859'9 6'8' 4+9'82'. E>'<'*'9 954, 9+8+'3+4+, 43+49'9 '2+8'9 *54*+ *++8'4 '9'8 259 65859 *+ 2' +88' '4 '68+4**5 ' '34'8 4'9 8'8'9 7+ 925 *++8'4 '88'98'89+." H.P. L5<+8'
A*#ach1Nacha
C=%( ) A& "/ , < A<+-N+ @< * ; =< = =< 400 < /<=. A<+-N+ =< =<, = +<, =< < *+= = = =< +<. E < > =< < = = +.
A>- @ @ K T @ @ JT @. H < , >@ @@ @O >T, >>@@ @ ( L@ @) @ @ @@>. A@ J @ @ >>@ > @ > >T @LO > @ > @ (+, 1934). >@ U@, V@ > @ @ @ @ > T; @ @ U@ @ > @. @ R @@> @H A>-, >, K > D-T @@ > @> >@. E> @ A>- @. + L @U > >U@ @ > G@, > D-T @T @ @ @ @U >>H . HBITAT: B< . >@ R @ , @ > @ @ >@. DISTRIBUCIN: E@ > @ > @@> G@ A; HR @ >>L > @@ V. $ JU@ B@DK, @ @ R > @ > A@ @, U @ < >> (D@@K, 1986). IDA # HBITOS: A>- < @@@ @ >T. +V@ >T-@ K >L (@ >) @ L > . A @RH > T, A>- @ > < > < , K L @R > H>. $ > JU@ B@-DK >>H@ > H, @ > < @ @ R > @ > D-T, @ R @ @ @H>. E> A>- @K @ @ >L@ < @@O@ K @ @H > KR > V> H>@ > HR. @> @ @ @, @ HR @ O (+, 1931). $ E> R H> =@ V@ @ @ @ H@@. DISTINGUIENDO A ATLACH-NACHA: d $ AT $@ @ V, @@ @@@ > > K @ @@ @.
F/. 3 E =< A<+-N+: >< <<+
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"H+ 8++4'*5 2'9 3'9 *+ 5*'9 2'9 +*'*+9, H+ <52'*5 958+ 2'9 '2'9 *+2 3+*5 D54*+ 2' 8'' *+ E8+9 <53' 35; D54*+ 259 051229 98+4 +859 *+ 4+<+ 89+9; # +4 8+459 *54*+ +2 952 *+2 *+9+85 5493+ Q+ 44' +4548'84 +2 549+25." H.P. L5<+8'
Ba)#)c&)
P() ")) I+= == ++ B+ = </ ( < + < /= /= +), +<+ <= = @*< /= / = /> ++=+, +< +< => < > < *.
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d $ D@- @ >@ @ K @ @@ >. d $ @ @ @@ >.
F/. 4 C<+ *+
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D+9*+ 3 +>6+8+4' 45 6+*5 **'825 6+85 +9+ 538+, '4*5 6+8* +2 9+4*5 +88+4'2, +9'' +8'3+4+ 8+9*+4*5 +4 4' <*' *+8+4+ + 45868+' *+ 4'8'2+@' 2+0'4' *+8+4+ *+ 2' <*' 7+ 545+359, *+ 2' '2 925 +2 8++8*5 39 6+7+5 39 588595 6+83'4++ *+969 *+ *+96+8'8. D+ +959 8++8*59 8'3+4'*59 5885959 65*+359 *+*8 35, '47+ 5*'<' *+3598'8 3 655. H.P. L5<+8'
Be)*a) N+be
E) () )& L < * B< =* +>< > =+ * >< ++. A= =< > *, = + , + +<= < = +*. L = < = ++ <<+; < + < > < .
@ B @ < @ @ @. H>@ < >, , > @H K U@ @ , R > @ H @ > . +@ >@ >@ @ > . + @ >> > @H @ : L, @, <, , J, Q@ >@, U@ H, @O> K H> (, 1976). E @RH, @ V, @ K O @ > L K > > @ O> @ @ @ @ @ @. HBITAT: A> >, @>@ @ Q@, >@ > > > > @ K >. DISTRIBUCIN: A@ @ @, > B @ @ @@ HQ > > + K >. @ @ @ > > +T > @@@ @, @ @ > T, @ R K > @U@ K > JH@ > . IDA # HBITOS: @ > >@ > K > , > . A> >>L > > >@, @ >@@ > . $ HR > B @ @ @H @ @> >> , @ > >>. @@ V@ > @ H. C@ @ B @ >> @@ @ (@ 70 K 100 O), >H @ > @ @ =>U K J> @ H O T. $ @@ @ @ T @ 8 K 12 . @ B @ K @ H H @ T H (@ 20 K 30). $ @U@ @ > H>@ > , @ @@ @@ > @@@. E > > @ > >; > >@ @@ R >. DISTINGUIENDO A LAS BESTIAS NUBE: d $ B> @ O T, @@, K @ @ > K > @ > @ . d $ $ >@ @@ @ @, < >@@ K @ @.
F/. 5 D > *-*
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"M4*59 +4+859 *+ 3'+8', +4+8' <*'... ''8*'4 +8' *+ 4595859 6+85 44' 65*84 9+8 *++'*59 54 259 9+4*59 7+ +4+359... E>9+4 34*59 +>8'59 + 4'+92+9 '2 '2'4+ *+ 4+98' 3'45." H.P. L5<+8'
B#+'e)
%+)(% () B) F/. 6 I@*< =/ < B=.
+@ T @ @@ >@ @ > , @ >R K @ > K >, Q @ H>@ @. + U@ @@ @ >V K H> HQ >. E@ > , >>@ @ >@. HBITAT: $ B> @ @@@ @> >< > D@U@ ', @ >@ >@ @ > >L K K > @@ >@ @1. A>@ @ U@ @> > B> > >>H @ @ > > +T2. $ B> @ @ V. @ HL @H @ > @ > > +T, @ K HL HH@ O 10 U 15 R. + H V> >@ @ @ @ @> > K > , @HO@> < > (D@@K, 1988). $ B> @@ @ @ QJ > D@U@ '. DISTRIBUCIN: E @> @@ @ > O C E@ > D@U@ ' (C@ .2880, .84604, .375, .9678) K @ @ >@. $ U >>R H ; > @H @ >>H @ . IDA # HBITOS: >@@ @ R@ @ @ >@. $ B> @ @, @ > > @, K @ H @ @ > > > >L@ >: > @ @ @ B> L >@ @ > + #=> > , K T F@3 K G@ . @>L @@, > @ > @ @H K > @ @>, > B> @ > H > R @. $ @@ @> > >R K @ > B> > . @ LU@ > @@@ >L> @ >> . DISTINGUIENDO A LOS BLUPES: d $ B @ @ @@@ @, @@, @ @ @@ K @ >>@ @ > . d $ $H > ' D @ @, @@ K HH@ @ > J. d $ $ >@ @@ < >>@ K @.
F/. 6* / <+, B= @</= .
- 19 -
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... D54*+ 4' <+@ ''4 ''*5 4+4' 32254+9 *+ 538+9 '58' 925 9+ '88'98' +2 *++9'2+ 2''85 '5 <+8*+. N 97+8' 2'9 34'9 *+ 3+'2+9 68+5959 6+83'4++854, *+*5 ' 2' '985+ 7+ 9+ +84 958+ S'84'. P+85 9+3+4+88'*5 +4 2'9 588+4+9 + *+9+85 4 8595 *525 <+8*+ *+ 6+*8'; 4 *525 +>8+3'*'3+4+ '45 +85 *+ '2'9 3'84'9 '22'*5 54 8'4 6'8+*5 ' B518, +2 8'4 2''85 '5. E9+ *525 <+4+8'*5 +4 +2 +3625 +2+<'*5 *+ I2'84+1, + 659+8583+4+ '*58'*5 '05 2' 59' 24' +4 5*59 259 2'8+9 *+ 2' +88' *+ M4'8. 0 H.P. L5<+8'
B&"(+g
M M) B> < += +< I* = . A== ++ + <=+, ++ = < =< < +/ B=/, = / + < = > + += < + ++.
B= @ @ @ > L>-H. + @@ J O>, K < >>@ @ @ @ H >@. D @R> @ @@ @@ @ > > > >@ >, K O < >. + @ > K > >@, @ <. B= @ > @, @> @ @ . A @ > KR @ @ T, B= @ @U@ > > +T @@@. A@@ B= >>U >>R > > + ; H@@ > @ B= > @. @ @ @ U> > @ B=, >@ @ > > @ >@=, @ > K@ (@) > U@ > @ +@. > H U@ > B=, K @ @ O U@ @>. HBITAT: B= >>H > >H > O. + > O@ <@ >, @@ > >> > , @ @ @ > U> @ @ > >. DISTRIBUCIN: D@, H@@ @@ @ > > +T. B= HL @ R@. IDA # HBITOS: A@ @ @, B= @@, @@ U> @ Q>> @@@ T> Q> >@ , @> @ V >@@. @ @ @ > K > , @ > @ @@ @ O. A @ K R, > U> B= U. $ +@ @ HL > @ > H>LU@ O @ > > +T; B= > KU @ @ > @, > @ @ @ > @ > . DISTINGUIENDO A BOKRUG: d $ D@- @ >. d $ @ @@ K @ @ T. d $ U @ O T K @ H O @@.
F/. 7 M< /< ++ A=
- 21 -
- 22 -
... A2 '2 7+ 259 459 +9'359 95'359 %& 6+49'359, 9 +4 6+49'3+459 583'*59 ' 3+*'9, '4*5 535 538+9 +95+359 8+58*'8, 95359 586+9 6859'59 *+*5 '2 <+4+45 *+ 2' <*'. P+85 '25 *+ 4595859 9+ 2+<'4' 658 2' 45+ 54 '4'93'9 *+ 524'9 0'8*4+9 +4'4'*59 ... H.P. L5<+8' 0 H.P.
B+&'&*h)
! H''( P: N=> =* =/ =/ = + < </= +<=, += B=<, <> = +< +< / + M.
F/. 8 %< %< <, H++= <> (> M=<)
E R RH @ <@ > . + @@ @ > > > >. @@ < >< K @ > @, < @ @ K @@@ @>@, K HL @ H . + > O @ @ > @ > > > @ @ @ U @H. $ R O > > B , @ @@ @ @@V@ R HH@. $ > K > @H U@ V@ @ @@ (>>, 1988). A O > > B, >< @ @ > >@ K , O@ O R@@ >@ @ > @U4. E> @ > B > R >> H5, @ T R @ T (+W=, 1964) HBITAT: CO> >, H@ > @ K @. DISTRIBUCIN: > > +T @> IDA # HBITOS: E> R K > B @>@ R> , > H > < K @ @ @ @@ K > > > +T. >@ @ @ V@ R; @ @ H . @ R >@L > L Q> @ T. @ B > @ > @L K ( @ > @ @> O K >@L @ H> 30 #/, @< U@). E> B H @ @ > > >H @ . + >, > Q@ < > @ R >, @ HQ K >@O@ >@ >@ O > > L. E> >>, @ RL >@, O> K <@ > 6, > @< H > B. E> > >> @ H>> @ < >> K H: @ @ @ @ H@ @ B O > L@ (=, 1987). DISTINGUIENDO A LOS BUOPOTHS: d E> B B @ R R @ @@ @@ @ @ .
- 23 -
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F8++4+3+4+ 3+ + 68+4'*5 9 2' 3'58' *+ 2' 3'4*'* '24' <+@ 9+ 6'8' ' 8+2+>54'8 958+ +2 5'954'23+4+ 45 94'*5 *+ 259 9+59 *+2 5495 34*5 '2 7+ 6+8+4++4. M+48'9 7+ 2' 3'58 6'8+ *+ 4+98'9 <954+9 4584'9 954, 954, 7@9, '6+4'9 8+2+>54+9 *2+9 '49'9 *+ 4+98'9 +>6+8+4'9 *+ <2'... 5*'<' 8+9' +8' '4*'* *+ +2259 7+ 2' 434*' +8+' 6+8954'2*'* 45 6+*+ 4+868+'8 *+ 3'4+8' 58*4'8', 59 ++59 +>'4+9 + 47+'4+9 9+8+4 <''3+4+ 6592+9 '959 '+9 *+485 *+ 4' +9+8' *+ +>9+4' 3+4'2 45 3+459 3658'4+ 7+ 2' <*' 9', 5*'<' 9+6'8'*' *+ *' <*' 658 4' '88+8' '9 48'47+'2+. H.P. L5<+8' H.P.
D(ag&%e)1$a('&)a
E B'%( P)*)( L D/- D/- =< <+=< +< < + C . L + ++ ++ < < + * * >< = < =* +<, = @+< <</ =++ =++ <.
F/. 9 F C
E> DU@- @ @ @ @ @ H>> > , >, K @ @ >> K > H. C@ H @L, @> @ @> > O> > > . E@ @, > @ @ > @> @ > > @ > <H (T) @> @ > @ > H>. CU > @ > K Q @@ > Q U@ @ , @ @ L. $ >H > Q R Q , @ HL @ O. E J>R Q > @> @ @ H (, @@, Q > K > >, >) @ @ R > T (C, 1972). HBITAT: @, , > > @ > < H. DISTRIBUCIN: K@ @ +@-K>, > F@K. '@>@ @ >H< >@ > > +T. E> DU@- >; > > @ @@ @@ @ K U@ > <R@. A@ > DU@- @ @ H, HH >L@ @ > . K @ < K R D@- @@ @T V@ J@; @ HR. IDA # HBITOS: +>@ >@ @Q, @ K >@; @>@ @ @> K >U. E> DU@- @ @ > >R R. $ > R@, K@ K @ >@ > > @ H>> @ >; > @O> H>@ @ T > @. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS DRAGONES-MARIPOSA d $ B> B> @ @ @ > >, , H>@ @ K @@ >. d $ $ $ >@ >@ @ @@ @@ >, @ @ @@ K @ @ >@. d $ O< O< @@ > > K @ O O T. T.
- 25 -
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L59 +4+359, ' 259 '2+9 259 '59 *+ 2' T+88' +3+4, %954& 8'4*+9 6+2'8+9 '59 *+ S'845, 7+4+9 658 '24' 8'@4 45 9+ '4 52<*'*5 *+2 +@5 *+ 2' '8' 52' *+ 4+98' L4'. E94 '2'*59 658 4 6'5 54 2'9 3'24'9 59'9-9'65 954 4558'3+4+ 592+9 ' 4+9859 '59 +88+98+9. H.P. L5<+8'
Ga*&) de Sa*+(%&
G% () !% F+< </=* G< "<= +, = /-= <+ + / + < = = = = +*. E /=* $*, < < *+ = <+< / *< 40 < <+.
F/. 10 G< $, >< <
C @ @ H , @ @ > K @ >@, K @ >>@. U> <K @ >@. A> @> > @@ @ < , @> @ L @ < @. @ +@ H J@@ > @ @ Q>; J@ @, , , O > HL. @ > > ( Q@ U @) > . E @ @@ @ H@ @ @ > K @>L > K > . @ @ @ H @ R, @@ L@ @ > H@ @ > @L @@. $ @>, @, > K >@ >@ > +@ @ > @@ . @U@ >> > > $@ @ @ > @> ($=@, 1982). HBITAT: $ >> > O +@ @ @ @. A> @ L > @@@@ HQ > @>@ @ > U@. DISTRIBUCIN: +U> @ +@. A@ @ H@ > > @ $@, @ K H@ @L@ @@@ @ >V@ >@ @ +@, K LO @ @>> K @ Q>. IDA # HBITOS: E H @ @U> <K @ O, @ , @ @ @> >@ K H< HQ > J. A >@R@, > G +@ >@ @ @ @ > > . D@ @ @ K @ J@ >U@. LO > gatoides @ @ @ @ > H>U@ > @ @ @ J@ @ @ >. K @@@ H@ > @ ^_ ^_ @ , >@ @> @@ H> > @ U. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS GATOS DE SATURNO: d $ D@- @@ @ >, @ J K > @, K @ >@@ @@. d $ + #=> @@ J > K @. d $ @ @, >@ K O T.
- 27 -
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N5 6+*5 6+49'8 +4 2'9 6854**'*+9 *+2 3'8 94 +98+3++83+ 658 2'9 59'9 44538'2+9 7+ +4 +9+ 3935 353+45 6+*+4 +9'8 8+6'4*5 '88'984*59+ 658 9 2+5 '4595, '*58'4*5 ' 99 '459 *5259 *+ 6+*8' +926+4*5 99 6856'9 *++9'2+9 8'9 +4 259 5+2959 93'8459 *+ 8'45 +36'6'*59 *+ ''. 0 H.P. L5<+8'
G%&((
L'' $ G < < = = / + <. O+< = ++ < /+ =++ = +=< < = +=; + +=+, = + @* = + = = + < < += = +.
F/. 11 E / @< <<+=.
E> G@, @ @ > K , < @ @. @ G@ @ , L @ >; @ J@ @L@. E> G@ @ L Q, > >U@ > O@ > >. > G@ (>> G@) @ HR. E> G@ @ @ @ @ >: > @>L @ @ @ @O>. $ @>@ > @O> >@ > G@ @ O @@. H@L > @ > , > @O> > G@ @ >@ @ @ @, @ > < >. E@ @ > 532 G@, (1986) U 37 @R@ L, 236 @R@ , K 259 , @ @ @< > 7%, 44% K 49% H@. HBITAT: $ @ @ @@@> > > K >; > G@ @ @ >@ >. DISTRIBUCIN: $ > > > +T. IDA # HBITOS: $ G@ @K@ @ > > HH@, @ > @ K H>@ > @, K >L@ @ < @R . $ @LU@ R > G@ > >@, @ >< @ @ > L@ @ @ > @, > > K . $ KR >@ O@ >@ @ V@> > @ >>. F@@ > <U@ J>@, K > @ > >@ G@ > Q K < V> @. E@ > @ BR B@@ (>>L > +=@) @@@ =>U @H @ H @ > >. A>@ >@ G@ @@ O@ L@ K > O O@ , R > T @H@ > H O@ >@, H @ K H @ > O @>. AH T @ J> @ @ >@. > H @ U >, @ @HU@ @ > U > @@ H@ @U@ J. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS GNORRI: d $ + @ @. d $ B >@ @ @ O K @ @@ U@ @> H> O > @O> >. F/. 11* "= >< , < > <.
- 29 -
- 30 -
S62 2'8' '8*+4+3+4+ ' 259 5259 *59+9 *+2 9+5 7+ +94 '95859 6+49'4*5 658 +43' *+ 2'9 4+9 958+ 2' *+9545*' K'*', +4 +2 85 *+9+85 7+ +2 538+ 44' ' 522'*5. P+85 259 *59+9 45 8+9654*+4 *+3+98'4 45 '2'4*'89+, 94 *'8 9+'2 '24' *+ '<58... H.P. L5<+8'
G(a%de)
H%+%+ R< C < G < =, + H// !; < <<= +< = /<+ *<. C< = * += /, +< + /=< = += < @< < = +*. "= < / > /, < < /< + = = >+: +< *+ .
B< > > >@R@ D EJ, @ @> @@ ><@ > > +T. $ @ @ > G@ @@ > K K Q @ H > D EJ @ >U@ V@ @ @. C@ @ JU@ (H ), > G@ @ @ @ >. @@ < @ K >@, < @ >U>, @L @ K >> @>; @ @@@ > > > > (@IK>>, 1975). @ G@ @ @ > @ O>@ > > K @ @ >@ J@. A>@ G@ @ H@ > > > @ @ > @@ @. HBITAT: C> @@ . DISTRIBUCIN: E> @> > G@ #, @ > $@. # @ >@ >>L > . IDA # HBITOS: $ G@ H@ @ L@ @, @> L>O@ @ @; > @ @@= >>H @ G@ (C, 1939). A @ , >@ R @ G@ @ > >, > @@ K @ @@>, @ @@> >, K @ U> > G@ @ ; > QJ @ > > @H@U@ > D EJ, @ @@ J > @. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS GRANDES: $ G@ O @ @ > @: d Kaakal, < >>, @ K > T > @ @ > + #=>. d E@ > O@ > >, Lobon O > L (> >@L > @>, @ @ > > ). d Na$h-Ho$ha$h, > C>P, @ @ > @ @ > > K < > @ >, T > @ @ >U@. d @ > > @ > > K > @ > U@, H @ ; Tama#h > > >U@ K @ K >@@ @ @ U@. d E@ > O@ > > > , Zo-Kala , > > @@ K > .
F/. 12 $ <<= +< ++ ".
- 31 -
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L59 9, 6+2*59 '4+959, 8+''4 8259 *+ 6+*8'... ''4 +>8'59 9'859 ' 259 D59+9 E>+858+9 '2 '59 8+6'4+ N'82'5+6, '9' 7+ 4' 45+ 4' *+ 99 '534'54+9 22+ ' 5*59 *+ 259 *59+9 *+ 2' T+88' +854 *+9+88'*59 ' 2'9 '<+84'9 9+884+'9... E9 43'4'2+ 7+ 4 95'*58 358'2 6+*' '8'<+9'8 9 8+45 *+ '<+84'9 ''4*54'825 8'472'3+4+ 658 2' 6+8', *'*5 7+ 259 95'*58+9 358'2+9 +8'4 9 '4+858 '23+45 7+ +>9+4 2++4*'9 *+ 7+ '2+9 95'*58+9 *+96+8'4 9 '6+5. 0 H.P. L5<+8'
G+g)
L% M%(@&% () G+ L += *= G=/ + += =<= ><+ < +, *< (+ + <), += = @+< @++ = G=/ *. M+= =< + < *= + < <=.
F/. 13 C> = /=/
+@ @ @U @ K >, @@ > U@ HH < @ >U@ > G@. D @ L > @ >@ @L, H > L. + @ K @ > @ O< ( @ @) K @ @ @ > @ . $ > G >@ >, @ @ < O @ @ K @ @ >>@ >>> H > L H>@. A > HL, > @@ @ J@ > K . HBITAT: C @>@ @, O@ @ > >. $ U O@ > H@ Q > > @. DISTRIBUCIN: A>@ @ > @ +O@, U> > >U@ > G@. A@ J > @ > G, > @H>@ > @ +O@. IDA # HBITOS: E @ H@ > G> (@ >@ H@ @ G) @ K >@@ @>@ G, > > L@ @ > @ > BUH @. $ G @@ > K > O H; H (1984) O >>. $ KR > G HH@ @ @ > -@ >> @ >U > @@ @@>@ > @ > Q@. C @ @ @>> > @, @ @H >. $ O @ > @ O (C, 1927). E@ > @ > @@ > R> #, @ @ @> > > > +T. J > R @ > @ @ > @ @, K @ G @>@ @@ Q @ <: U> @ @ @ > @ @ @>. $ G O , > >L >V@ , R@ @ @ > > @H. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS GUGS: d $ + @ O T K O >J>. d $ $@ @ O T, @ U> @L K > > @ O @H@@>. d @ @ L, , K > L@>.
- 33 -
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E4 +2 8'4 '935 ' 59'9 +>8''9, +2 9'*58 *+ 9+59 *++ +4+8 *'*5 *+ 45 '+8 +4 2' +4'4 *+ 8+<+2'8 2'9 +7<5'*'9. 0 H.P. L5<+8'
G+)a%&) de f+eg&
E)') A'%(% ++ G= =/, G= D< B+ +== +< / <<+ =< = >, + / <= < = (@< = > + +) > < + =< * <.
F/. 14 C* <
DE
PARG
E @> @@ @ Q> @@@ HQ > @< @ , @ T >@ @. @ J. $ >@ @ G@ H @ K @ , @ @ @ . $ > @@ >@ @ > K JT > <@> . HBITAT: $ <@> @. E> G@ @@; @ > @ > @ @ , < @ @ K R JH @ V. + >>, @@ > @ @>>. DISTRIBUCIN: K >. C @ T > G@ <@@ @ @ @V, H@ > L@. $ > , K @ H>H H @@@ @ > @ @ Q. E> V> > > > U @ > @ >@ >> > T 1965 C7. IDA # HBITOS: E @ HH K L @ >, >@O@ U@, K @>. E> G@ @ L @ > H @. +@ , >@ @ H@ >@ @> , @@ > H > JT >. <>, > $@>>8, > `> <9, > +>>== K > B O10, @ H@ , UH>, @H> K O @. E> G@ H > . $ G@ @ H H > @, @ >>L@ < R. + @ H > KR @. C@ @L @ @ @ @ GI>KI11, > G@ , >> @ >> K L@ >@. + >> @ L@ @ @L @, @ @@ R K @@ @. @ G@ @ @@ > . E> H@ @ > G@ H @ @ >H @ >, @ @ > . $ @ > @ @ > @ @> K > , @ @ HL > T. EJ@ >@: @ >> V->@ @ HL K HH @ > D B@OL (, 1984). DISTINGUIENDO A LOS GUSANOS DE FUEGO: d $ @ @@ L K @, K @ @>@ O T. d $ @ @@ >@, @ @, K @ @ K > @ .
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- 36 -
Q4+9 95359 6'8' 53'8 3'2+9 39 '459 7+ 2' 958' 2' 3'4*'*? L59 9359 *'4@''4 +4 A9' ' +959 58858+9, '2 4+8 '+' 9+85 9+ +>6'4*+ '22 *54*+ 9+ 52' 8<'3+4+, 8'9 2+8'9 *+ *+'*+4+9 2'*82259. H.P. L5<+8'
He$0f&(&) E @ T @ @ >. $ @ H@ @@ L@ @> K > H@ > @ @>. $ U >@@ J>H@ @; T @ ^^ >@ @ > >>> < @ > > @ HR. O @ @ @, @ ( @ JT) > HH@ @ @@@ @@12. E> U K < > , >@ @ T >H O > >. M @@ @ HQ > @@ @ @ @U@ @>; @@ @@ > > K @@ @ > @. E@ @ O@ @ < > > > @U@, <@ @ < 2 O @ @ < @. $ >H >L > H > @U@ K >>R >@, @ K @ @ @ @, >@L > K @ @ 50 >. DQ > > @U@ K >< > L H, >@L@ T @ @ T (D@@K, 1978). HBITAT: C> L@ V K . $ H@, @ <@ > K @ @ > . DISTRIBUCIN: E@ > > ' K >@ @ >.
D) () *)@ H* ** < , H *</ < < = =/ +=< ++ </ , <= + ><. A < < +, < +<= = >> + < = = 3 4 .
F/. 15 H +
IDA # HBITOS: E> R U @H @ @ >>. $ < >>@ > >@, @@, >>, @> K >@ > > @. A H > <H @@ @ > @, @ @ @Q >@ > @U@ @ > L@ <. E@ , > U @ > HR @ @ H@ > @> @ >@, @O@ > @ @@ @ . @ > U 70 >@ L @ >@ > @ @ >. E> > @, K H>@>, > @ @ @ @ H ; > U @ > @ @ H > T. C> U @ @ @ H T. + O@ @, <@ @ >> H @ > > @, Q> @ > Q. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS HEMFOROS: d $ @ O T K >, @ @ > >.
- 37 -
- 38 -
U4'9 583'9 598'9 *'4@''4 '28+*+*58 *+ 2'9 *2+9 5+8'9, C'8+8 94 859*'* 658 '<+8'8 7 2'9+ *+ 8'8'9 65*'4 9+8 '722'9; 2'9 +4+9 4583'2+9 45 '4 +9'*5 44' +4 L+4, 925 '4 65**5 <+89+ *+ 2+059 +2 8+962'4*58 *+ 99 5+8'9 99 '9'9 *+ 6+*8'. A7+22'9 583'9 9'2''4 54 2+4* 586+@', 9+ 8+58'4 +4 5458954+9 35<3+459 93'3+4+ *+9'8'*'2+9 *+ 68+9+4'8; '9 7+ C'8+8 45 9+ +>8' ' *+ 2' 3549859' 6+8<+89*'* 7+ 2+9 '8'4 2'9 <''9 2++4*'9, 4 *+2 3+*5 7+ 99'' +4 5*'9 2'9 T+88'9 *+2 S+5 +9' 3+9+' +2'*' *++9'2+. H.P. L5<+8'
H&$b(e) de Le%g
P)(%( L B< = + = +> /< + >* + ++<+, </= = <+ +>. / *>+, = + = B< = = < + < = +>, < < = + < / +++.
F/. 16 M+ C N**<, +< / #>
E @ O @, LT K @ > @@. F@< > @ > . + @ K @. E> @ K > H>U@ > $@ @ . $ O@ @ > @ > Homo Sapiens @ > @U@. E@ @ U@ @ @ >@, (1986) U @ > @H@ @ > > . D Q U > @ $@, @ O K >>. @ >@, +=@, @ @ O @ >>U@ T @ > @ > > <@>. E H>LU@ @U @ @, KU @ @> @ L > > @. DQ R, > $@ @ @H K > B >@. M @ @ @@ @ > $@, @ >H >@ : > @HR@ @ ; > > @ <. $ KR >H @ @ HR @ @ @ >> (F>>I, 1939). HBITAT: C @ > R K @, @ < >>R (> >@ > > +T >>), @ > Q@ L @ > O >. DISTRIBUCIN: $ $@ K > >@ > > +T, @ V> > B >@. $ @@ > @ @H > . IDA # HBITOS: $ J HH@ K@ > @, T@ @. @ @ T > , @ @ @, >H@ @ >> K @L@ >@ >@. E> > @ @ @ H@ H @ K R@> K R> O. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS HOMBRES DE LENG: d $ + @@ > > K > @, K @ @@ >. d $ G @ O @, @ @ @ @ @. d $ @ @@ L @ K > >.
- 39 -
- 40 -
N 97+8' +2 58858 95 *+ 3 9'4 +4 +9+ 34925 588+*58 *+ 8+62+9 3+859 8+959 '4+*2<'459, ' 123+859 658 *+'05 *+2 34*5 545*5 8+4+ ' 585 34*5 *+ 958+4'8'2+9 83'9 2+9, 65*' 536+8 54 +2 3+*5 +8<'2 7+ 9+4' '4+ 2' '93'2 '4+*'* *+ 2'9 +9+4'9 9 +9+4' <'2. U4' '4+*'* '4 43+49' 7+ '' 8*2' '27+8 3+**' 6'8+' '+'83+ *+9*+ 2'9 6+*8'9 683+4'9 259 +36259 4+2'*59 *+ 2' *'* 94 4538+, 3+48'9 259 6598+859 93'3+4+ 36''4+9 3'6'9 *+ 259 8+959 3598''4 5'459 544+4+9 52<*'*59 658 +2 538+, 54 925 '24 545845 <''3+4+ '32'8 '7 '22. H.P. L5<+8'
H&$b(e) )e('e%*e
I*%' () A%')%) D=< /= //+ H* < +> << + / </= +=< > < @*. E <@< + = </=. < <+= << = << + /<+ +< *< <.
F/. 17 L <
@ @, @ L K @, @ L K > , K @>@ >>H@ > O > >. E @ L > @ @ @ > E Q, @ > @. E H>LU@ @ @KU > @, U @ R, K @U > R O @ K > Q@ R. $ @KU @ > O. E@ > >@, > @ @ K H>H@ @ , @ > @ > >@. A @ HL @ @ J@U@, @ R @ > > +T. + H>LU@ @U > > @>, @ @ > > @@ @ >> Q @ > > H>LU@ . A>@ @ HH@ K ><@, @ > @>. ' @ @ > , H@ > . > @H @ >@ K H@ @. $ K > @ @ @, @ @ @>@ > K @ @ @ K >>. A>@ @ @ > @ . HBITAT: E@ > @ @ O, @ >@ O>. $ @ HH@ @ > @ +O@. DISTRIBUCIN: > @. A @ > >@, @ >> @ > >@ Q K R @. A>@ HH@ @ @, @@ @ >@ Q@ @>L. IDA # HBITOS: C @RH @, > @ @ HH. A H, > >-H>L @ @@ > @ K @ @ @, @@ > >R U@ > ($, 1983). DISTINGUIENDO A LOS HOMBRES SERPIENTE: d $ + @@ > > >@ K >L, @ @ >. d B= @ >, @ @ @, K @ R. d $ G@ @ @ J K @@ <@ U @ , @ HL >.
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A 3+*'45+ '*+854 ' +9' ''4 9'2<'0+9 588+4+9 *+ 822'4+ <52+' 54 652<59 *+ 585; +968'2+9 *+ 652<5 +5 7+ ''4 8+352459 +8' *+ 259 +96'59 4'2+9 54 +8+9 6+83+9 *+ 39 '22 *+ 259 34*59. O'459 22+459 *+ '23', 234'*59 658 952+9 7+ +2 505 44' 65*8 54+362'8 7+ +4'4 +4 9 52+'0+ +>8'59 *+24+9 44'9 3'84'9 *+ 88+58*'2+9 6854**'*+9. H.P. L5<+8'
Laga(*&) #+$%&)&)
E;' () % L)% E L/< = = +, >=<, = < = + + = = < <+.
F/. 18 "++, < <+
@ $ >@ @ >@@ @ @ >@ J@ @ >@. @ @ < >>, @ . D @>L > @ > , > K > >@. @ U@ @ 13 > H> @@O@, @ >L H< @>, @ @>@ (=, 1981; , 1973). HBITAT: >@ @ @ > K > > +T, @@ > > @ @ @@. DISTRIBUCIN: E@ > O > > . E@ H > > > $ >@ @ > H, > @@ > J K > (, .) > >@ @ > U O >H @ > R > @ > U VS. IDA # HBITOS: + >@ > @R > @ ( H >> fuerza vital) @@ > @ HH@ R. HH, @ @ O>@ @ @ . $ Q > @R > @U@ > @ > O @ @ K @ R. E@ @ $ >@ @ >@ > @R > @ @ @>, Q >> > @@ @ R >. A > , @ K H $ >@ K@ > >@ HL > K @ @ <H @ > (=, 1989). E@ > > +T, > K T @ >@ @ @ $ >@ @@ @ O > >> > >, >@. C@ @ @ @ > @U@ @ K >@ > @ > @@ > . E> $ >@ O>@ > K > @ TR >, O > U @. E > > @> K R J@ @ H > @@ @ @ >@R@ H>@> > >L, > + @ L. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS LAGARTOS LUMINOSOS: d $ B> @ >@@, @ > K @@ @. d $ D@- @ >@@ K @@ >. d $ G +@ @ K@ K >L, K @@ @ L @> @> K >>@. d $ + #=> @@ J @ >> >L K >@ L@.
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E#$e *jao infenal #e lanaba hacia delan$e a $a&+# de m%l$i$%d de ob#e&adoe# #in foma danaine# de la o#c%idad, enome# g%o# de di#$ada# en$idade# !%e #e mo&an #in %mbo !%e daban aao# andaban a $ien$a# andaban a $ien$a# daban aao#; la# la&a# #in nombe de lo# Dio#e# E'$eioe#, !%e #on como ello# ciego# #in men$e, o#edo# de %n hambe %na #ed #ing%la... H.P. Lo&ecaf$
La(,a)
C%%:% () ')') L /= 19 =< < = L>, > =>: = /<= = 5 <. L /= 19* < /= < L>, < = <, >/ <> = + : = 40 < / + <.
F/. 19 L> >
DIOSES E#ERIORES @ $H > D EJ @ > > @@ @V K @@ >; @ , @ @> K > (BL, 1572). A@ @ $H @ @ HH, @ @ @ @ > H<. > H< >@ @ K @ , @ @@ @ H@ > $H HL >>@ >. HBITAT: E> J. DISTRIBUCIN: >@ @ > @H. IDA # HBITOS: E@ > @ > @H, > D EJ @ K >@ @@ > AL, > +>O@ D@R. U@ @ J>U@ @@ @ > D EJ H > J@ @ $H. @ HL , @ K @@ H > @H (D@@K & , 1972). $ KR $H H@@ > >@/@>/@>O, @ @, @@ > >, > R, > >L, > > H. '@>@, L@ K @, @ $H > @ @ @U@ >: @ Q LO > (@I>>, 1987), > H@ > >> @ @ K @ @ U. @ HL > H@, @ @>@ ^@_ @@>@. A> @> @ H< @ >, > $H < > J @ @ >@, @ >> < @>. C@ > > >@, > @H @ @ @ L K >> @H @ @ > D EJ >@ , Q > > L > H< > @ <@ > @ AL. $ @ KR $H @@ @ @>. ' >L@ U> > H< @U@: >>@ @H @ @ > D EJ, @ @@@ @ > @ >@ @ @ K @ @ <O T AL @ @. E@ @> @ > @ @ @@ > D EJ, K > @ @ R@ @@ @ > $H. DE LOS
DISTINGUIENDO A LAS LARAS DE LOS DIOSES ETERIORES: d $ @@ > $H @ > > @U@ >. C@R @ O (> J) K @ @>.
F/. 19* L> < +<<
- 45 -
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P58 5*5 +2 '8+ '' 4' 8''4' '293', 54 5*59 259 P0'859 3'' '4'4*5 '2+8+3+4+ 54 99 9++ 5258+9 822'4*5 '2 952. H.P. L5<+8'
P-!a(&) $agah
E ( M%+% C /, +< / +/ = < =/. < 12 15 / = */ 3 5 +. O*> > ++ *.
@ O< T, @ > > K >>@, K @RH. A @ @ O<, > > @ @@ > , >@ > >< >>@ > > @ H > < @ K L . C @ @ @ @@, @ L@ R; > KR > >R @ K . C @U@ L @ @ U@ @> @ > K@. $ @U@ < > @ @ R >@ R (, 1988), @ > >>@ H@ > L L @ @> @. HBITAT: >L K , @ @ > <@> @ @ @ > K. A@@ @ O> >, K @ > `> @ >@ > @ < L > O> O@ @ > @ > > > . A > > @ > @, > `> @ @ @ R > O< . DISTRIBUCIN: E> O< @@ > L@ > > +T. E H @ K @ HH (J H) @ L@ < @ > K @H. IDA # HBITOS: E @ > K @ T @ K @ @. $ @> @ > > > O< @ @ @. E> O< L @ @ @U@ L > @ @> @ @; Q @ @ > > R @ > @U@, @ @ @ K > >@@ > O< @. @ HL > O< > >, > @ @, K > . $ @> @ @ @ > <H R > O< @ O@ H@ > @U@ L, @ @ >>@ . D@@K (1986) > U@ > U@ > @U@ O @ > KU@ > >< > O<. D @ > @> @L @ >@ > @U@ @ > @U@ > @U@ @ @ @ @U@ >< K H@. E > @ U@ > > @ O< U> H @ @ @ > K@. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS PJAROS MAGAH: d $ D@- @ O @ K @ @@ >.
F/. 20 N +
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"E959 9+8+9 954 3 8'859 +59, 535 25 954 2' 3'58' *+ 9+8+9 *+ 4 34*5 5*'<' 8*3+4'85 59'3+4+ 583'*5. E9 +985 +4 259 24*859 +8359 *+ K'*' 7+ 259 9+8+9 *+ I +8'4 *+ 4 5258 '4 <+8*+ 535 9 2'5 2'9 4+2'9 7+ '9+4*'4 *+ 2, 7+ +4'4 5059 9'254+9, 2'59 8+959 2'4*59, 859'9 58+0'9 '8+'4 *+ <5@." H.P. L5<+8'
Se(e) de Ib
S+ ):)%( A== / "< " I* = + =+ <, = < * *. M=+ +< + <=> >> += =.
E@ U, > + @@ > > @ > @>, <@ @ @ () K @ @ >. $ +@, @ R@ H@R@ > $@, J@@ > >@, >@ > KR > L J @ > $@ @ >@ . + @, @ U> , V@ H@ > @ K > > +@. @I>> (1989) @@ @@ > > > +T, > D B@OL. @ + @, > T O H> @ > @. E> R > @ 90 => K @ @ 1,80 >, @ JT @@ 40 180 => K 1,40 2,40 . @ @ @ HL @ @@V@ @ H>L. CU @@ @ R @ ( > @). G>>@ (1982) > @ @ Q@ > K >> > @ > @ ; V@ U > @ @@ > @ @ >. HBITAT: @@ K >> >. @@ @ (@ R@>) >, > > @ U@ HR K < @@. DISTRIBUCIN: >@ K J@ @ > > +T, > >>L @ O K . IDA # HBITOS: $ @ @R@ > Q >> > > +T (LO @ R JR@). E@ > @R +@ >@@ K @ >, @ H. A@ @ HU@ > > O B=, K >@ >@ > @ > > >@ . DISTINGUIENDO A LOS SERES DE IB: d $ G@ @ @@ @ , K >>H@ @ @ . d $ G @ O @, K @ >. d $ $@ @@ > K @, K >@ @ H@ @, @ @. d $ @ @@ > > K > .
F/. 21 " I*; *, /<, / +< <
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C54 45 *2+9 9+4*59 68++4*+359 5368+4*+8 +2 5362+05 59359 445, 94 +3'85 5859 9+8+9 54 3'58+9, 39 65+4+9 *+8+4+9 '2'4+9 *+ 99 9+4*59 45 925 6+*+4 <+8 2'9 59'9 *+ 3'4+8' 3 *+8+4+ ' 4595859, 945 7+ 6+*+4 6+88 +9*'8 34*59 +4+859 *+ 3'+8', +4+8' <*' 7+ 45 +94 ' 4+985 '2'4+ 44' 65*84 9+8 *++'*59 54 259 9+4*59 7+ 659++359. H.P. L5<+8'
Sca(&) de Ka(a"a#
D)('%' R)+% L + "+ K */ = =/ + K, = . A= < = +*+ 2 < + + = +=+ =/ + . E < < < *>+ K.
F/. 22 A< K
@ + #=> O > @. + , > > > T, @ @ @ K < K >@ @@@, K K Q @ > T @> > , @ >> <L. @ + @ @ @ L H> @ U@ @>. F> @ > , > R @ @>@ R J >Q. HBITAT: $ + #=> @ @H > D@U@ ' K @ @> @@> @ > >. A > > ; @ > > +T > @>@ > @>, > HH @@@ @ @@ >@ , @ @ @ 90% , @ @ @. @ U@ > K @ U@ @. DISTRIBUCIN: $ D@U@ '. + @ > > > @ L > @HU@ #=>. E> >@ > + > D@U@ ', J > L@ > +>U@ > F>K@ (@ .525, 7316, .5300, .94804). IDA # HBITOS: E @ @ >>; @ > > @ @ >@ >Q , HQ > > K L @ > LU@ @. > @H@ (G>>@, 1979) @ 32% > H@ >@ R @O. K Q @> O>@ @, K >@ R J@ > > +T >@ @ @ . D@@, > @> R > + Q@ > > > @>. A> @ @ @H, > + @ O. > @@ > >@H, @, U@ ( > K) K O O > +; > U@ @@ @> HH@ Q @L @ >@ > @ > . DISTINGUIENDO A LOS SICARIOS DE KARAKAL: d $ G +@ @ >@ @ @ @R, K @@ @ @ >@. d $ $ >@ @@ K < >@@. d @ A>- > AT $@ @ O @, K @ @ >Q.
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2 4++9'' +2 '23+45 *+2 9'85, ' 7+ 2 +8' 4 *59. P58 96+95 7+ 5 45 65*' 549+82+ +2 65 *+ 9'859 7+ 2 '5938'' ' +4+8 +4 S *', ' 7+ '2+9 59'9 '58' 45 +>9+4; 6+85 '' 58'9 59'9 7+ 65*' '+8. L' 9'48+ +9 2' <*', ' 9'+9. I4295 259 238+9 259 +2+3+4'2+9 7+ 954 39 <+059 7+ 2' T+88' '*+4 '4*5 2' 9'48+ *+ 259 538+9 2'9 +9'9 +9 58+*' '05 2'9 54*54+9 '*+'*'9. H.P. L5<+8'
T)a*h&ggh+a
! ) > <>, < #<//= +< =, > =+ , < = + /= / >, = " I +<>; =<+ =< = =.
F/. 23 G= +<>
@ J@> > @. ' @> @>K@ C>, K > @@>. E@ > , > @ >@ +>> @. LO > < @ Q> @ H@ > > @ HL R, LO >@ H> @ Q> >>U. H@ > +@. A> @ (@ > @ >U@ @) >>U @ Q>. > V@ @ U@ K > @ R @ > (+, 1932). $ > @@ > @. E@ +@, @ @ @ @ > @ > , > R @14, L>@L, V@ @ +@ (+, 1931). E @ @ >, @ @ K > L. $ L > , >@ > @ > ; L K > >@ > H@. EJ@ > H>@@ (F>>I, 1944); @ > +>> @ @ K J @ @>. HBITAT: L @ > . DISTRIBUCIN: HH @ > > @ _#, K < > > . K @ > > @> H @>@ ><@ @ > > +T, @ @@V@ @@ _#. IDA # HBITOS: > K @ @ T @ K U> @ > >> @ . + O , @ > H@ @ @ @L, @> >; O @, > @H R < @ @ @ >, > @ Q> . DISTINGUIENDO A TSATHOGGHUA: d $ G @@ H> K @ O >.
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M+ + 35<*5 ' +'9 658 '<+84'9 *+ 354''9 39+859'9 Q+ 9+ '2@'4 8*'9 *+9+8'9 *+9*+ 2' 22'48', H+ +*5 *+ '8'9 *+ *'9 8'4'9 Q+ 9+ 28'4 '' +2 6'4'45 2' 588+4+ 6846'2; # +4 '2+4+9 2'4'9 3'2*'9 H+ <95 59'9 7+ +96+85 45 54+362'8 *+ 4+<5. H.P. L5<+8'
V&&%*h)
A)'% E *+ %< @+> = * =/ =*<, /=< > + < = *< (< ++ <> =< +< + +> = /). A +: = +>< +=< + < = %<.
@ @ @ @ @RH > O>, >> H, V> O. + L > > >@, @ O> < > K @ @R> @ >. $ L > O@ JH K . + @ @ @ > > @ @, K @ >, @ T> @@@ J , K > > @@ > @ . $ O @ > @@@ @ >> H@@ > > @ > @ @ > K > > > @. E @ @ @ @> ($=@, 1987). @ @ @>@ , @ JR@ > HQ > >. C@ @ H@ @ @ @H > U@ > @, K > @ < > @ @ @ >. C@ O H, @ , > @ > > . E @> >@ H@ > @@15, @@ O JHU@ K >R. HBITAT: E> @ HH @ @@ K Q@. @ > @>@ R H@ @ @ > @ R, U> >@ @ @. DISTRIBUCIN: > L@ @> > > +T. IDA # HBITOS: E @ Q> > > @@ K Q@ > > +T. @Q, >@ @ H@ @ > >@ >>@ < < > > >, K @ @ @ > K > > @. E@ @ , > @ @ U> , @ > @ @ K > K @T > HR. F@@ > @>K @ > HR . E> @ > @, @ H >@ @ @ < > . $ @< @ > K O@ > . A> , > >> @ K > >@ > @. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS OONITHS: d $ G@ @ @@ J, H@ > K O@ > U@. F/. 24 M/= %<
- 55 -
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L59 9'*58+9, *+969 *+2 58858, 8++4'4 +>8'59 2+0'459 2'8+9. P'8' +2259 954 2'9 ''3'9 *+ P52+3'9, 259 3'952+59 +8*59 +4 8+54+9 *+ 6+9'*22'. E9'2'4 2'9 588+9 *+ 259 '92259 *+ R4+ 234'*'9 658 2' 24', +'4 '05 259 4+859 +9'254+9 22+459 *+ +2'8''9 '05 2'9 6+*8'9 *9+34'*'9 *+ *'*+9 52<*'*'9 *+ A9'. L59 597+9 +4'4'*59 2'9 *+952'*'9 354''9 954 99 2'8+9 9'8'*59, 6+83'4++4 35 +365 '28+*+*58 *+ 259 94+9859 3545259 *+ 92'9 *+9''*'9. H.P. L5<+8'
Wa$')
C@% H%&)% G <<, = + & + =+ <> +> > = <+. E & =/ > < +> 40-50 K/. =<, += +> = +.
F/. 25 N+< = &
+@ @ T @@ @@, @@ @ O> @ H K @H H>@. @ @ L <, < @ K @ > >@; @ > @ @ >. E @@@ @ K @ @. + @ @K @@; > @ , >@ @ , @@ @ @ K >. $ @ @ @ K @ @@ @ @. $ @ @ @ > @>K@: #>-AL, @@, >, K . A , L H K H@; @ @ > R K > > @ @@>, R > O . A> (1983) >U > @ @ @>, >> ^@ > _, @ > > > K @@ > @ @ HH. HBITAT: @, @ K > U@. A@ @ < > , @ K V, >@ @@, K R @>L H, > K @@> @@. DISTRIBUCIN: > > +T. $ @ > @@ > G> H@ > @ > > +T (D@@K, 1968); > G> @ > @ > >@ . IDA # HBITOS: +V@ > H@ H @ @U@ @O@ > @@ @. A@ @>@, > R > K > U@, K U> >@ T K @J>. + @ @ @ , @ > @@, @ >@ (@>@ < > ) > @ H @ > @ O @@ > > @. E L > <@ @ > K > K @ > @ @ >. DISTINGUIENDO A LOS !AMPS: d $ AT $@ @@ , @ V. + L @ > > T, >@ @ > > .
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E4 2'9 57+*'*+9 *+ +9+ 597+ +43'8''*5, 59 685*5959 852+9 '4+'4 +48+2'@'4 99 8'3'9 '2 '8+, '9 9538'9 8+2+4 54 2' '6''*' 5958+9+4' *+ 459 5459 +>8'59, ''4 259 8<59 92+45959 @559... %S& 597+ 24*' 54 2'9 +88'9 *+ 259 538+9 658 *59 2'8+9, '47+ 9+8' *+9'98595 *+8 2+9. C+859 8358+9 4+>62'2+9, +859 '*+4+9 *+9'6'854+9 588+4 +48+ 259 538+9 '22 *54*+ 259 @559 +4+4 '+95, 658 +225 +9 4' 8'4 9+8+ 7+ 959 45 6+*'4 '2+0'89+ *+3'9'*5 *+ 2' 8+4 *+ 259 9+59. S4 +3'85, 259 @559 8@'4 28+3+4+ 2' 854+8' 39 68>3' *+ +9' 8+4 9+ *+92@'4, 4+859, 3+4*59, 4<92+9... H.P. L5<+8'
Z&&g)
$+ E*%(%( L / <=< , <* +=. L <<+= *+, <* =, <*< =< = / = * =, , < < +< < <. L <= / < , *>, /= = + .
@ @ @> T K U@ @ , @ T @O> >@@ @ K @@ @ > @ >. E @ J>@ > K @ > JH, @>@ K , K @ L @ K @> K @ @, @ HL >> >. HBITAT: $ @, >@ >> K > H@ > @ @ @. DISTRIBUCIN: E> B E@@, < @ > @ > > +T. >@ (1964) @U J@ >@, @ @ > > > $@ K +; @ K O. IDA # HBITOS: E >@ HH @ . A>@ >@ @ V@> HQ H< O> > L @ > @. E> >@ > > @ > @, @ Q@ @@ > @. A T T @H>, > @ @ K H @. @ @ @>@ @ @, K O @ > (@ ) H>L. @ @H @ K >O; > @@ @ >@< O H@ > @ @ @. C @@ , K @ @H > @ O @O @ K @ >U@ >. $ @ H> > > @>K@ @ , T K @ >> (C, 1924). @ U> @ @ @H; , <>, >> @ T H>H > B E@@ @ @ , @@V@ @@ > @ > . >, @ @ @ (@>@) @ @ > . DISTINGUIENDO A LOS $OOGS: d $ G +@ @>>@ @ H > @. d $ U @ @ > @ @@ >.
F/. 26 / /=.
- 59 -
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6+82'*5 548' '24' 5958+9+4' *+2 34*5 4+858 4' 58*' *+ 92+459'9 59'9 8''0'4*5 ''459'3+4+ 7+ 925 2' 258' (5 '25 6+58) 65*8' 8+'8. S9 6+82+9 +8'4 3'459, 9+33'459, 6'8'23+4+ 3'459 5362+'3+4+ 45 3'459; 2' 58*' +8' 85+9'3+4+ ++854+'. H.P. L5<+8'
GHASS, G!LES, BESIAS L!NARES, NGELES DESCARNADOS DE LA NOCHE, SHANAkS N/ <@< * # "= = / < ++ +<=. " */, + << @<< G' *+ '365 *+ S'4* P++89+4 *+ 259 3549859 *+ C2 , + = *><.
G'99: G@ K >@@ @ > > > @ K L @@ @ @ @ @L H @ > . @ HH < > >L > >. $ G @ @ > @ +O@, >@ @ > BUH @. @@ @ >@<, U> @ @>@. d $ + @ H, @ >@ K @ >; > G @ O @ K @ LT; > $@ @@ @, @L K @, K @ O > @. G2+9: BO@ R, @ @ @ , H@ @@, > >O, LT K L O. $ HH @ > @ +O@, >@ @ > @ > H> K > > > +T HQ V@> @ @ @ @ K L@ >@. d $ + @ H @ > > >@ K V, K @; > $@ @@ @ K > @; > @ @ > K .
5 '%% ()*'%(%
B+9'9 L4'8+9: + K @ K @ > > . + V@ U@ @H H> @ @O> H @ > . +@ @>@ K >. $ HH @ > $@, @ @ H >@ @. d $ B @ @ K, >@ @ > K @@ @ J @>; > G@ @@ < K U@ @> K @ @; > @ > K O T. 4+2+9 *+9'84'*59 *+ 2' 45+: + @ @ , @ > Q>, @, > @ V, K > @ K . B@ @@ @ O @T > > > =. A> @@ @ @ @, @ `@> @ > HR Q@> >> <> @@; @>@ > H@ H @@ @ >V@ > J@ > U@ > `@> @. d $ @ K > @ > @ Q> @ > `@> @ @@@>. S'4'1: @ @ @ > @ , >> K > >, K @ L >@ > @ >>. $ K V@ @ > $@ K O > @. C@ > > , > K K V> > K H>@. d $ D@- @ O T K @@ J @.
F/. 27 C+ +<= # =; + <>
- 61 -
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NOTAS DE TRADUCCIÓN
H?=/ "?=/<=, $+? C> (==), 1929 (1964). 1 N + / += +>?/= =+= +=+/= #+ CA#%E#, M , #+ + + ?. H?=/, ?/@+ <, 1939 2 N $. A/ $+ CH!I#$, O"</+/= =+?+, =/ /<>+= +>@+= / = >/= '+<= / ?/ /=/+/>/ - $?/P, +< "+ I<+ M<+, 30, =. 25-42, /<== 4 N E / <+ O#<+/=P >+ 1972 O$?>/<=P (+ += O+<?=P , / "/>/< DA$E$, L > H, M=+> @/<=> "/ +=, O?=P), ? </ / +/- (M+==+?=/>>=), 1978 <= >= ++= < G/< $>//< "/>/< DA$E$, OC+<>+ <++= ++>+/= +=+/= > D/<>P, +< "+?/ <++ +<>/ / ? /==>/+ >+ I<+ M<+, 44, =. > / /<>+= =+= +>=>+= /=++/< DA$E$, OE ++< ?/ =/ /=5 N E / <+, O"<>@/ $?>/+= /=//= ++<+= / +/<=. "/>/< DA$E$, E/< <: I>6 N I@/>++ > "-> D7 N L= += +=+ + =>>+ @/+ / O+=, H?> M, ?/@+ <, += %/<<+= / $?/, < ?/ / < 1988 / 15 += >/< ?+< />< / ?"/>/< DA$E$ $. #/<> MA#$H, OE== += / / ? / + @+. E=> =/ >?<+= /?</<+= ?/= / /< ?// /?< / ?/ / +?+ ?/ ?+ >= OL>=PP, A*<+< B< , 78, <+/>/ / 1989, 24 += /=?= / =. 101-131, 1972 1965. A<+ /, / +>/<< <+ +- E.C. FALL!#%H, OM/<+>= / /<=/ />+ +, + =-L//P, " H<+, , ?/=> ?/ /=>+ ><+? /= / 2010, 37, =. 18-26, 1939 45 += = / ? / + @+. E.C. FALL!#%H, OL+ />+<== /<8 N E / <+, O#+<>?/P, ><+ <+- + / %=+>?+ = H//>+/=P, " H<+, 42, >?<+ >+. =. 324-379, 1944 9 N M= / =, O> ><+= / ?+=: E=>?=P, A 10 N O$?P / / <+ (><+? ? "+ I=<, 119, =. 192 += = <+>?<+= +>@+= + =/ . D? GILLMA, OI/>+/= I>+= / /=<+ / + @/<= / E=+ ?/ >//- />+?<+=, /<+=, = /= = / +?+ La' Tie&&a' de S)e#, /< =>=, / + /=>?<+ @/=>?+/</ =+- 35, =. 21-59, 1982 < <?/ >+ ++ HIKE, A< / /> +?= / = =/= /<= L/< =, @/<=> M+ " C+<+ "//= ?<=- L. . I$ILL, OA>: $?= +</><= >>=P, +< "+ + ? //+ +@<>+. I<+ M<+, 46, =. 412-444, 1988 BIBLIOGRAFÍA L. . I$ILL, OE + / $+/<>/, M =, A<= , B+>+ B= (I. +), ?/@+ <, 1989 A.K, ?/@+ <, 1983 B+<+ / $+, A F: A> E< K. LA#KHA, OF. $+>?<?= += = , G/ G "/<<><+/= ?+<+=<> < #. B+/, <+ / B<, 88, =. 18-82 (@/< +<>+ =?/1572.) />+<+, 88, . 343), 1982 #+ CA#%E#, OF<+=/+ />+- E< K. LA#KHA, OE < / = '>= / + /?+ / = *= , !>< / /==>/+= / +>++P, E<= M<+ M> , 17, = 88-104, # "=, 12, =. 244-254, 1987 1924 # L!CHE#%, OC+>?<+ + + += +#+ CA#%E# (+<<+ ), ++ OE>+ L+)P, OL+ <+ =?/+ / + /=+ K+- +< "+ I<+ +>P, L M< L+=, A<+ M<+, 41, =. 85-92, 1983
#+/< #. MA#IK, O#/ ?>+ / = =/?H?=P, E<= # "=, 12, =. 235-243, 1987 #+/< #. MA#IK, O+ /<+>?<+/= / += %/<<+= / $?/P, +< "+ I<+ M<+, 47, =. 18-104, 1989 $. #/<> MA#$H, OE>/= @/<=> ">=), 1979 # MEEB, E<= +=<<<> <+ # "=, M=+> @/<=> ">=), 1986 # MEEB, OM++ /+?+=, /<++ / ? /< /= @/<=> ">=), 1988 F. F< #A%$EGG, N = "<, M// B+ "+>?= / = =+>?<+=P, =*++ << D=?+, 107, =. 45-63, 1931 C. A. $MI%H, OE++ >= / />P, E **<+ +=<< , / M+<, =. 23-29, 1932 C. A. $MI%H, OL+ A<++, / ?+>< >/>= +/=><+/=P, E **<+ +=<< , / J?, =. 39-52, 1934 H+<+ $%M"KE, B= = L !/<, M?> '/<+, H+?<, 1964 %++ %#EE#, $ *< <<= ( 6 @=.), H+</< & #, ?/@+ <, 1984 + A$LIG, OC+= * / >< + M+< C/ ?+ + ?<+>/ + @/ / + E=?/+ / M/>+== M//@+/= / 1971, @/<=+ M=+>. K+< EBBE#, E A+<+< + + L/< =, . H. F +</+ : =* /+ < /<, M=+> @/<=> ">=), 1990 /S)' ')e#' '#" *ai#'#'! E &ecie"(ee"(e &e#&ga"iad# I"'(i()(# Wi"d(h&#$e de I"*e'(igaci" de S)e# #f&ece &ec# $e"'a' 'ig"ifica(i*a' a a%)e#' '#ad#&e' c#" acce'# ga&a"(iad# $#& Na'h( + Kaa"-Thah. E'c&iba a I"'(i()(# Wi"(h&#$e, De$a&(ae"(# de Ad%)i'ici#"e', 81639 - Ca)'#".
