Verbal Reasoning Section C 20 Questions 30 minutes
For Questions 1 through 6, select one entry for each blank. Fill the blank in the way that best completes the text. 1. After graduating from high school, Warren was made responsible for running his father's company; it was unusual for one so young to be _________ with so much responsibilit y. A. fascinated B. refined C. afflicted . entrusted !. popular ". #any new home buyers are so fi$ated on soaring property %alues that they &i_________ the financ financial ial burden burden result resulting ing from from the &ii__ &ii_____ ______ ____ _ rise in proper property ty ta$es ta$es and home home insuran insurance ce premiums. Blank (i) A. ins insuf uffi fici cien ently tly cons consid ider er B. eagerly anticipate C. reluctantly embrace
Blank (ii) . imp imper erce cept ptibl iblee !. associated (. tri%ial
). *he &i_______ &i__________ ___ of early metaphysicians metaphysicians++ efforts efforts to decipher decipher the worings worings of the uni%erse led some later thiners to doubt the &ii_________ of man+s intellectual capabilities. Blank (i) A. intent B. failings C. pre pre% %aric aricaation tionss
Blank (ii) . roots !. reali-ation (. adep adeptn tnes esss
. *he War of 1/1", considered by many historians one of the most ineptly0waged wars in American history, was mared by per%asi%e &i _________ on the American side. ndeed, a ma2or lesson of the conflict was the &ii_________ of leading a hapha-ardly0organi-ed army into combat. Blank (i) A. fortitude B. impr impro% o%id iden ence ce C. impunity
Blank (ii) . inad%isability !. imm immoral oralit ity y (. felicity
3. !%ery re%ised theory must not only &i_________ the %alid predictions of the original theory, but must also e$plain why those predictions remain &ii_________ within the conte$t of the new theory Blank (i) A. acco accomm mmod odat atee B. refute C. falsify
Blank (ii) . cont contro ro%e %ers rsia iall !. sound (. untenable
4. (or a considerabl considerablee length length of time, 5hillip+s 5hillip+s employers had been placing &i_________ &i_________ amount amount of stress stress on him, him, but the e%ents e%ents on (riday (riday were so &ii__ &ii_____ ______ ____ _ that that 5hillip 5hillip found himself himself in &iii_________ mood all weeend. 1
Blank (i) A. an imperati%e B. a meager C. a sound
Blank (ii) . %oluminous !. taut (. trying
Blank (iii) 6. an ornery 7. a stellar . a mercurial
For Question 7 refer to the following passage: *hough domestic car sales ha%e been steady, the economy must be further stimulated. 8ne way to do so is to generate an increase in domestic car sales. *o accomplish this goal, higher ta$es should be le%ied on imported cars. *his increase in the price of imported cars will sti mulate domestic car sales. 9. Which one of the following is an assumption re:uired by the argument abo%e A. 5eople consider the price of a car to be a minor factor when deciding which car to buy. B. f the price of imported cars is increased, some consumers who would ha%e bought them will buy domestic cars. C. #anufacturers of foreign cars will no longer e$port cars since the cars will no longer mae a profit. . *he increased receipts to the go%ernment resulting from the import ta$es will be directed towards energy conser%ation. !. mport ta$es in other industries ha%e resulted in increased demand for similar domestic products. For Questions 8 through 11, refer to the following passage: *raditional means of reducing traffic congestion promote supply0side solutions< e$panding the supply of roads and highways. 7owe%er, recent attempts at traffic control ha%e concentrated on the demand side by encouraging carpooling and mass transit through the use of tolls and paring fees. !%en used together, these strategies are doomed to fail in the long run because of the high cost of supplementing the e$isting infrastructure and because of the difficulty of effecting lasting changes on people+s dri%ing habits. f a high0occupancy0%ehicle lane is built, for e$ample, commuters may be temporarily persuaded to carpool to a%oid congestion, but as the amount of traffic in those lanes ine%itably grows, the ad%antages of carpooling begin to diminish. (urthermore, as highways around our ma2or cities continue to be e$panded to relie%e the problem, %aluable land is used up, threatening to o%errun those cities with a tangled web of concrete. =ucily, technology has pro%ided what may be at least a partial solution. n 7ong >ong, 5aris, and other cities, congestion pricing has been tried with encouraging results. nstead of charging a flat toll for road use, congestion pricing, which employs pre0purchased magnetic cards, charges higher per0 mile rates for using crowded roads during pea hours. ?ince the strategy affects price, it is a demand0 side policy, but its ad%antage is that it targets not 2ust one segment of the dri%ing public but all dri%ers using a particular road. 8ther demand0side strategies &such as staggered wor hours and employer transportation rebates tend mainly to affect commuters. Congestion pricing may also relie%e the often interminable lines at toll booths during rush hours. /. t can be inferred from the passage that a high0occupancy0%ehicle lane A. will ease traffic congestion for a while, allowing time for a more efficient system to be de%eloped B. will only contribute to carpool congestion 2
C. will be ineffecti%e in changing people+s dri%ing habits in the long run . will unintentionally punish those dri%ers who do not contribute to traffic congestion !. will persuade people to alter permanently their carpooling habits @. According to the passage, which of the following would 8* be representati%e of a demand0side transportation policy ?elect all that apply.
A. A toll road through a congested city B. An increased paring fee in urban areas C. !$panded roadways for high0occupancy %ehicles 1. Which of the following, if true, would most weaen the author+s assertion that congestion pricing may offer a solution to the problems of traffic congestion A. *raffic in 7ong >ong and 5aris is much worse than in any other part of the world. B. All of the cities where congestion pricing was implemented ha%e similar traffic conditions. C. n all the cities that attempted congestion pricing, there has also been a massi%e increase in the a%ailability of con%enient public transportation. . *he use of the pre0purchased magnetic cards needed for congestion pricing may not be embraced by dri%ers in many !uropean cities. !. ri%ers in congestion0pricing areas who are fre:uent road users ha%e altered their dri%ing times whene%er possible, due in part to recently implemented staggered wor hours. 11. With which of the following statements would the author most liely agree A. 5olitical obstacles to congestion pricing could be o%ercome if public anger at traffic congestion becomes strong enough and effecti%e demand0side policies are implemented in a coherent manner. B. A go%ernment campaign to encourage carpooling may e$tend the amount of time commuters are willing to carpool, but it would e%entually become an unproducti%e policy if it conflicted with plans for mass0transit systems. C. ?upply0side approaches to the problem of traffic congestion are not as liely to succeed as demand0side approaches that employ technology in order to affect the beha%ior of dri%ers more effecti%ely. . *he success of congestion pricing in 7ong >ong and 5aris ensures its success in the nited ?tates, as long as the systems implemented in the nited ?tates accurately duplicate the successful systems found in foreign countries. !. *raffic congestion in highly populated urban areas is not a completely sol%able problem, but supply0side strategies can go far in mitigating its worst effects. For uestions 1! through 1", select the two answer choices that, when use# to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole an# pro#uce complete# sentences that are alike in meaning. 1". *he gallery owner has a&n ______ eye and an ama-ing ability to select the ne$t hot artist from all the new artists who show him their portfolios. 3
A. discerning B. discriminating C. detecting . in%estigati%e !. obser%ant (. understanding 1). ______ data from the traffic safety sur%ey shows a 19 percent increase in nonfatal pedestrian accidents due to te$ting dri%ers. *he final report will be a%ailable ne$t year. A. mpro%ised B. Acting C. nterim . 5ermanent !. *erminal (. 5ro%isional 1. ?crooge has come to be considered the _______ miser from whom all similar characters are drawn. A. pattern B. eccentric C. archetypal . unusual !. alternate (. classic 13. While economics may be e$citing to some, the yawning student in the bac of the room thought it ______. A. tedious B. sundry C. repetiti%e . soporific !. disingenuous (. monotonous For Questions 16 through 17, refer to the following passage: *he DomansEfor centuries the masters of war and politics across !urope, orthern Africa, and Asia #inorEha%e often been critici-ed for producing few original thiners outside the realm of politics. *his criticism, while in many ways true, is not without its problems. t was, after all, the con:uest of 6reece that pro%ided Dome with its greatest influ$ of educated sub2ects. Admittedly, two of the great disasters in intellectual historyEthe murder of Archimedes and the burning of Ale$andria+s libraryE both occurred under Dome+s watch. e%ertheless, a city that was able to con:uer so much of the 4
nown world could not ha%e been de%oid of the creati%ity that characteri-es so many other ancient empires. !ngineering is one endea%or in which the Domans showed themsel%es capable. *heir a:ueducts carried water hundreds of miles along the tops of %ast arcades. Doman roads, built for the rapid deployment of troops, crisscross !urope and still form the basis of numerous modern highways that pro%ide :uic access between many ma2or !uropean and African cities. ndeed, a large number of these cities owe their prominence to Dome+s economic and political influence. #any of those ma2or cities lie far beyond Dome+s original pro%ince, and =atin0deri%ed languages are spoen in most ?outhern !uropean nations. Again a result of military influence, the popularity of =atin and its offspring is difficult to underestimate. uring the centuries of ignorance and %iolence that followed Dome+s decline, the =atin language was the glue that held together the identity of an entire continent. While seldom spoen today, it is still studied widely, if only so that such masters of rhetoric as Cicero can be read in the original. t is Cicero and his lie who are perhaps the most o%erlooed legacy of Dome. While far from being a democracy, Dome did lea%e behind useful political tools that ser%e the American republic today. FDepublicG itself is =atin for Fthe people+s business,G a notion cherished in democracies worldwide. ?enators owe their name to Dome+s class of elders; Depresentati%es owe theirs to the *ribunes who sei-ed popular prerogati%es from the ?enatorial class. *he %eto was a Doman notion adopted by the historically aware framers of the Constitution, who often assumed pen names from the le$icon of =atin life. *hese accomplishments, as monumental as any highway or coliseum, remain prominent features of the Western landscape. 14. According to the passage, ancient Doman roads A. B. C. . !.
connected places of military importance in ancient !urope were less important than the a:ueducts of the time were similar to modern roads in !urope today were products of democratic political institutions caused the de%elopment of modern !uropean cities
19. According to the passage, which of the following accurately describes the =atin language ?elect all that apply.
A. t spread in part due to Dome's military power. B. t is reflected in some modern political concepts. C. t is spoen today in some parts of !urope. For Questions 18 through !$, refer to the following passage: Certain theorists belie%e that some time after the Big Bang, fluctuations in the flow of matter and energy constituted seeds for gala$y formation. All models for generating fluctuations on a cosmological scale re:uire a phase transitionEa change in the fabric of space to produce lumps and ripples in the distribution of matter. When water free-es to form an ice cube, for e$ample, parts often free-e at slightly different rates to form regions of ice, seen as fractured lines and planes that do not :uite mesh. *he :uestion is when the phase transition too place. 5
*he idea of a late phase transition is appealing because such a change would ha%e occurred after energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation, or of photons, stabili-ed. *his means a late phase transition would ha%e had practically no effect on the microwa%e bacground radiation, which per%ades the uni%erse and appears uniform in e%ery direction. Alternati%e theories in which phase transitions happened earlier ha%e difficulty e$plaining how fluctuations can grow to become seeds for gala$y formation without distorting the microwa%e bacground radiation to a greater e$tent than has been obser%ed. #easurements of distortions in the microwa%e bacground radiation would pro%ide the best tests of the new model. *he less distortion obser%ers detect, the more promising a late phase transition model will loo. 1/. t can be inferred from the passage that all models for generating fluctuations on a cosmological scale maintain that the fabric of space A. need not ha%e undergone a phase transition to ha%e formed the %arious ripples in the fabric of space B. can be e$plored by studying the way water undergoes phase changes C. underwent a time of change in which matter altered the way it was dispersed . de%eloped after energy, in the form of electromagnetic radiation or photons, stabili-ed !. played no role in gala$y formation 1@. According to the late phase transition hypothesis, it is possible that the disturbances in matter and energy that became gala$ies A. B. C. .
affected the time of the phase transition more than was pre%iously thought are consistent with the uniformity of microwa%e bacground radiation were responsible for the origins of fluctuations on a cosmological scale occurred o%er a million years after the Big Bang, rather than in the first nanosecond of the uni%erse+s life !. caused more se%ere distortions in the microwa%e bacground radiation than ha%e been detected to this point ". According to the passage, which of the following would be regarded as most helpful in assessing competing hypotheses concerning the formation of gala$ies A. An accurate measurement of the fractured lines and planes present in the fabric of space B. *he reliable detection of lumps and ripples in the matter in the distant regions of space C. Accurate information regarding the amount of distortion in microwa%e bacground radiation . etailed astronomical maps of %isible gala$ies with an age estimation of their distribution !. An accurate measurement of the rate of the flow of matter and energy necessary to distort microwa%e bacground radiation
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