Analogy Review When you know both words in the stem pair: 1. Make a defining sentence 2. Apply that sentence to the answer choices. 3. Use POE. 4. If necessary, make a more specific sentence. When you don’t know one of the words in the stem pair: 1. Try to make defining sentences with the answer choices. 2. Eliminate those with nondefining relationships. 3. With the remaining answer choices, Work Backward and eliminate answer choices whose defining sentences don’t work with the stem pair. When you don’t know either of the words in the stem pair: 1. Try to make defining sentences with the answer choices. 2. Eliminate nondefining relationships. 3. Make an educated guess about which remaining answer choice has the strongest relationship. Antonyms Review When you know the stem word: 1. Define the word for yourself. 2. Come up with a simple opposite for the world. 3. Use POE to eliminate answer choices that don’t match your opposite. When you “sort of” know the stem word: Use Positive/Negative 1. Determine if the stem word is positive or negative (it may not be either). 2. Eliminate those answer choices whose opposites aren’t close to the stem word. Work Backsword 1. Make opposite for the answer choices. 2. Eliminate those answer choices whose opposites aren’t close to the stem word. When you don’t know the stem word at all: 1. Eliminate any answer choices that don’t have opposites. 2. Guest the extremes.
abacus * n. an instrument for performing calculations by sliding counters along rods or in grooves 3 abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh ○ 3 abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate ○ abacus : calculated :: balance : weighted 3 abacus : calculator :: quill : pen ○ abandon * * n. a complete surrender of inhibitions to withdraw protection, support, or help from abandon : inhibition :: hideboundness : innovation abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope 3 abandon : inhibition :: agitation : tranquility ○ 3 abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness ○ abandon : inhibition:: voluble : terse abandon : inhibition ::calmness : frenzy abandon : inhibition :: consciousness : numbness 3 abandon : inhibition ::carefree : responsibility ○ 3 abandon <> constraint, inhibition, restrain ○ 3 abandon <> salvage ○ hidebound adj. having an inflexible or ultraconservative character
frenzy n. a violent mental or emotional agitation salvage to rescue or save especially from awreckage or ruin abase * * * DEGRADE; to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem ABASE : FORCE/PRESTIGE/STATUS :: 3 abase : force :: taper : width ○ abase : strength :: taper : width abase : stature :: lower : height abase : status :: shorten : length 3 abase : status :: shorten : height ○ 3 abase : prestige :: damp : ardor ○ 3 curtail : duration, length :: abase : strength ○ abase <> extol, aggrandize extol to praise highly : GLORIFY aggrandize to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation of abash * DISCONCERT; to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of; embarrass unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement embolden <> abash, faze, cow embolden to foster boldness or courage in; encourage faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert cow to bring to a state or an action by intimidation abate * * * * * to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen to deduct from an amount; subtract ABATE : INTENSITY/LENGTH/STATUE/ STRENGTH/VALUE/DEGREE/FORCE :: abate : tax :: alleviate : distress 3 abate : degree :: discount : price ○ 3 abate : degree :: fade : loudness ○ 3 abate : degree :: decelerate : speed ○ 3 abate : degree:: shrink : size ○ 3 abate : degree :: chill : temperature ○ abate : force :: attenuate : thickness 3 abate : intensity, strength :: taper : width ○ abate : intensity, strength :: fade : loudness abate : intensity, strength :: decelerate : speed abatement : intensity :: deceleration : speed thin : density, intensity :: abate : length 3 abate : length :: dilute : concentration ○ 3 abate : value :: constrict : diameter ○ abate : status :: shorten : height abatement : tax, intensity :: deceleration : speed :: alleviate : distress :: taper : width :: dilute : 3 concentration :: constrict : diameter ○ abate <> intensify, promote, increase in intensity, augment, strengthen, promote, prolong, expand, 3 be in spate ○ unabated <> palliated, allayed, mitigated palliate to reduce the violence of (a disease) allay to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity mitigate to make less severe or painful 3 abbreviate * ○ to reduce (a word or phrase) to a shorter form intended to represent the full form abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay downgrade : quality :: abbreviate : sentence abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article
abbreviation : word ::: synopsis : narrative abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness abbreviate : length :: sap : vigor abbreviate : letter :: abridge : word abbreviate <> extend, protract synopsis n. a condensed statement or outline sap to gradually diminish the supply or intensity of to weaken or exhaust the energy 3 abdicate ○ to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function recant : belief :: abdicate : throne abdicate : throne :: resign : office abdicate <> constitute, assume, usurp, undertake 3 ○ constitute to appoint to an office assume to take over the duties usurp to seize and hold (as office, place, or powers) in possession by force or without right resign to give up one's office or position : QUIT 3 aberrant * * ○ a. ATYPICAL; deviating from the proper or expected course aberration : course :: digression : theme aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic/course aberrant : standard :: detour/deviate : route 3 aberrant <> typical, normal, conventional ○ digress to turn aside especially from the main subject of attention or course of argument 3 abet * * * * * ○ to actively second and encourage (as an activity or plan) : FORWARD; to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose abet : assistance/aid :: counsel : guidance abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity abet : encouragement :: comfort abet : whet :: abet : impede :: abet <> thwart, impede, stymie, frustrate, obstruct, forestall, hinder, hamper, foil, suspend, 3 quash ○ forestall to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation or measures solace n. alleviation of grief or anxiety whet to make keen or more acute : EXCITE, STIMULATE white to stimulate abeyance SUSPENSION; temporary inactivity abeyance <> continuance, fulfillment fulfillment to put into effect : EXECUTE abhor LOATHE; to regard with extreme repugnance abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness (>) abhorrence : objectionable :: consuming : interesting (>) abhor <> greatly admire consuming adj. deeply felt : ARDENT 3 abiding ○ ENDURING, CONTINUING lasting for a long time; 3 abiding <> evanescent, ephemeral, transient ○ evanescent a. tending to vanish like vapor ephemeral a. lasting a very short time transient a. passing especially quickly into and out of existence : TRANSITORY 3 abject * ○
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adj. SERVILE, SPIRITLESS; sunk to or existing in a low state or condition ; cast down in spirit : SERVILE, SPIRITLES, showing utter hopelessness or resignation ; slavish 3 abject <> exultant, spirited, exciting, majestic ○ exultant a. marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant abjure to renounce under oath; forswear to recant solemnly; repudiate 3. to give up (an action or practice, for example) abjure : reject :: abjure <> embrace, espouse, affirm embrace to take up especially readily or gladly espouse to take up and support as a cause affirm to assert positively abnegate to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration; DENY;SURRENDER, RELINQUISH abnegate <> reaffirm abnormal adj. deviating from the normal or average : UNUSUAL, EXCEPTIONAL abolition the act of doing away with or the state of being done away with; annulment; abolishment of slavery anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery abolish <> establish abolition <> persistence in slavery abolish to destroy completely abominate to detest thoroughly; abhor abominate <> esteem 3 abound * ○ to occur or exist in great quantities or numbers abundance n. an extremely plentiful or oversufficient quantity abound/abundant <> scanty, scare, to be scarce 3 ○ aboveboard in a straightforward manner surreptitious <> barefaced, aboveboard surreptitious a. done, made, or acquired by stealth barefaced a. having the face uncovered 3 abrade ○ to wear down or rub away by friction; erode to make weary through constant irritation; wear down spiritually abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration (A is by B) abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage abrasion : stroke :: boil : heat
abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article 3 abridge : sentence :: abbreviation : word ○ 3 abridge : duration :: truncate : length ○ abridge : length :: attenuate : thickness 3 abridge : length :: dilute : concentration ○ 3 abridge : length :: discount : price ○ 3 abridge : length :: enervate : energy ○ 3 abridge : length :: enervate : energy ○ 3 abridge : length :: abase : prestige ○ abridge <> extend in length, amplify, protract protract; to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong abridgement <> extension, complete, sentence, expansion, sufficiency, enlargement, amplification 3 ○ 3 abridgement <> extend in length, protract ○ condensed <> unabridged enervate to deprive of force or strength; destroy the vigor of abrogate ANNUL, to abolish by authoritative action abrogate <> uphold, embrace, institute abrupt sudden or unexpected; curt or brusque in speech, manner ant. Gradual, deliberate; patient; courteous abscission REMOVAL, the act or process of cutting off abscission <> process of grafting 3 abscond * ○ to depart secretly and hide oneself abscond : depart, leave :: pilfer, steal 3 abscond : depart, leave : conspire : plan ○ 3 abscond : depart, leave: plan :: lurk :wait ○ abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen abscond : depart :: shadow follow abscond : depart :: secrete :store follow : shadow :: leave : abscond follow : shadow :: plot : scheme lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate lurk to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose appropriate to take or make use of without authority or right purloin to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of trust 3 absolute ○ 1. perfect in quality or nature; complete 2. not mixed; pure 3. a. not limited by restriction or exceptions; unconditional b. unqualified in extent or degree; total 4. unconstrained by constitutional or other provisions 3 absolute <> qualified ○
3 abrade <> augment ○ scuff to scratch, gouge, or wear away the surface of stroke to rub gently in one direction
3 absolve * * ○ to pronounce clear of guilt or blame , to relieve of a requirement or an obligation exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve absolve <> inculpate, indict, sentence, incriminate
3 abridge * * * ○ to reduce the length of (a written text); condense to cut short; curtail abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay
3 ○ exculpate to clear of guilt or blame hortative a. hortatory , marked by strong urging inculpate a. incriminate
indict to charge with a crime by the finding 3 absorb ○ to suck up or take up to occupy the full attention, interest, or time of 3 absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk ○ 3 absorb <> dissipate, exude, reflect ○ dissipate to break up and drive off exude to undergo diffusion abstain to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self denial from an action or practice mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain abstain <> partake partake to take part in or experience something along with others 3 abstemious ○ marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge 3 abstemiousness <> voraciousness, indulging ○ intransigent adj. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude abstinence 1. the act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite, as for food 2. abstention from alcoholic beverages abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity abstinent <> indulging, intemperate abstinent <> gluttonous, voracious celibacy n. abstention from sexual intercourse promiscuity a. promiscuous sexual behavior gluttonous a. excess in eating or drinking voracious a. having a huge appetite 3 abstract ○ adj. having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation or narrative content to draw away the attention of 3 abstract <> elaborate○ 3 abstract <> attention ○ 3 abstract <> concrete, specific, practical ○ abstraction n. absence of mind or preoccupation abstraction <> attention 3 abstruse * * ○ RECONDITE; difficult to comprehend abstruse : comprehension :: indiscernible : vision 3 ○ 3 abstruse : comprehend :: faint : perceive ○ abstruse <> accessible, explicit, patent, manifest, 3 obvious ○ abuse to use wrongly or improperly; misuse to hurt or injure by maltreatment; ill-use 3. to assail with contemptuous, coarse, diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse abuse <> declamation to speak pompously or bombastically
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grandiloquence a pompous or bombastic speech diatribe a bitter, abusive denunciation
inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual (#) safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss (=)
3 absurd ○ adj. utterly or obviously senseless, illogical, or untrue absurd <> commonsensical, logical, congruous,
3 intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble (#) ○ accidental : intentional :: arrogant : humble effect n. purpose or intention casual a. subject to, resulting from, or occurring by chance 2 a : occurring without regularity
3 rational, reasonable ○ congruous a. appropriate 3 abundant ○ extremely plentiful or oversufficient quantity or supply 3 abundant : hoard :: ○ hoard to accumulate for preservation, future use in a hidden place
acclaim to shout praise or applause 3 , berate, disapprove, acclaim <> decry ○ denounce, vituperate decry to speak disparagingly berate to scold or condemn vehemently and at length vituperate to abuse or censure severely or abusively
abut to touch along a border or with a projecting part contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide
acclimate to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, environment, or situation; adapt acclimate <> become unaccustomed, disaccustom
abysmal having immense or fathomless extension downward, backward, or inward stygian : dark :: abysmal : low
3 ○
3 accede ○ to express approval or give consent : give in to a request or demand; to become a party to an agreement or treaty 3 accede <> demur, dissent, oppose ○ demur to voice opposition; object dissent to differ in opinion 3 accelerate * * ○ to hasten the progress or development of expedite : process :: accelerate : pace accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration
3 acclimate <> make unfamiliar with ○ 3 acclimate <> make unaccustomed (to) ○ acclimated <> unaccustomed 3 accolade * * * ○ to praise or honor accolade : praise :: blandishment : cajole 3 accolade : praise :: castigation : rebuke ○ accolade <> excoriating remark, cutting remark 3 ○ accolade <> castigation, criticism, censure, 3 condemn ○ accolade <> disapprobation, denigration, 3 denunciation ○
3 accelerate : speed :: expand : size ○
3 accolade <> reproof, reprobation, swearword ○
3 accelerate : velocity :: prolong : duration ○
3 accolade <> derogate, speak ill, excoriate ○ deplore <> accolade, extol, deplore, reprobation, accolade <> malign cajole to deceive with soothing words or false promises castigate to subject to severe punishment, reproofrubke to criticize sharply: REPRIMAND excoriate to censure scathingly or bitterly severe censure n. a judgment involving condemnation disapprobation n. the state of being disapproved denigration to cast aspersions on : DEFAME denunciation n. a public condemnation reproof n. criticism for a fault : REBUKE reprobate to condemn strongly as unworthy, swearword n. a profane and obscene word derogate . disparage, belittle
3 accelerate : velocity:: crescendo : loudness ○ accelerate : velocity :: expedite : process 3 accelerate <> retard ○ velocity n. quickness of motion : SPEED retard to slow up especially by preventing or hindering advance or accomplishment accentuate accentuate <> underplay underplay to act or present (as a role or a scene) with restraint : PLAY DOWN accessible capable of being understood or appreciated 1. easily approached or entered 2. easily obtained 3. easy to talk to or get along with 4. easily swayed or influenced accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage abstruse <>accessible, patent irascible a. marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger accessory 1. a subordinate or supplementary item; an adjunct 2. something nonessential but desirable that contributes to an effect or result accessory <> of primarily importance 3 accidental ○ adj. occurring unexpectedly or by chance
3 accost * ○ to approach and speak to often in a aggressive, hostile, or sexually suggestive manner 3 accost : approach :: importune : request ○ importune to press with troublesome persistence accountable 1. liable to being called to account; answerable 2. that can be explained 3 accrete ○ to make larger or greater, as by increased growth accretion a. growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion b. something added externally to promote such growth or increase accrete : growth :: erode : destruction (A is by B) accrete : grow :: inch : advance (A is gradually B) 3 ○ accrete <> wear away accretion <> reduction in substance caused by erosion inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees accrue * to come about as a natural growth, increase, or advantage accrue <> decrease, lose, scatter, dwindle, erode, 3 diminish, lessen, dissipate ○ dwindle to become steadily less : SHRINK dissipate to spend or use wastefully or extravagantly accumulate to gather or pile up especially little by little accumulate <> dissipate accumulation <> dissipation dissipate to break up and drive off (as a crowd) b to cause to spread thin or scatter and gradually vanish accuse v. : BLAME to charge with a shortcoming or an error to charge formally with a wrongdoing indict : accuse :: sanction : approve (syn.) indict to charge with an offense or crime; castigate acerbic adj. sour or bitter, as in taste, character, or tone acerbic <> sweet, saccharine 3 acerbity <> saccharine ○ acerbic <> ingratiatingly or affectedly agreeable or 3 friendly ○
accommodate to do a favor or service for; oblige to provide for; supply with 3. to hold comfortably without crowding 4. to make suitable; adapt 5. to allow for; consider 6. to settle; reconcile accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove obliterate . destroy completely accommodate <> accommodating <>
3 achromatic ○ adj. designating color perceived to have zero saturation and therefore no hue, such as neutral grays, white, or black hue achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence (A lacks B)
accomplice one who aids or abets a lawbreaker in a criminal act, either as a principal or an accessory accomplice <>
acid 1. a substance having a sour taste 2. the quality of being sarcastic, bitter, or scornful acid <> savory
3 achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence ○ extraneous a. not forming an essential or vital part transitory adj. tending to pass away : not persistent
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acknowledge to admit to be real or true; to show appreciation ant. deny, disclaim, disavow acknowledge <> 3 acme * ○ n. APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute (A is hard to B) acme : mountain :: crest : wave vagary : predict :: acme : surpass 3 acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute ○ acme <> nadir vagary an extravagant or erratic notion or action acolyte n. one who assists the clergyman in a liturgical service by performing minor duties; one who attends or assists : FOLLOWER 3 acoustic ○ adj. of or relating to the sense or organs of hearing, to sound acoustic : sound :: optical : light (A is relating to B) 3 (autumnal : season, aquatic : wave ) ○ acoustic : sound :: autumnal : season 3 acquiesce * * * ○ to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend 3 , defy, refute acquiesce <> resist ○ acquiescence <> demur intransigent a. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude deference n. respect and esteem due a superior or an elder defy to confront with assured power of resistance refute to deny the truth or accuracy of demur n. the act or an instance of objecting : PROTEST acquisition divestiture <> acquisition divest to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title acquit 1. (law) to free or clear from a charge or accusation to release or discharge from a duty acre ream : paper :: acre : land :: volt : electricity ream : paper :: quart : liquid ream n. a quantity of paper being 20 quires
uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill acrimonious <> harmonious 3 actor ○ 3 actor : playbill :: ingredient : recipe ○ playbill n. a program or announcement of a play acumen * * n. quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or insight alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd acumen <> obtuseness, bluntness, lack of 3 discernment ○ alacrity n. promptness in response shrewd a. keen, piercing acute a. of the intellect: sharp or penetrating in intellect, or perception; of tastes or odors: sharp, pungent; of a disease: of short duration discern : acute :: believe : gullible perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacity (acuteness); (penetration) 3 acute <> imperceptive, insignificant, trivial ○ 3 acute <> unintelligent, stupid ○ acute <> fatuous acute <> mild acute <> inveterate discern to detect with the eyes gullible a. easily deceived fatuous a. tasteless perspicacity n. clearness of understanding; great perception, discernment; keenness of sight caprice n. a sudden, impulsive, and seemingly unmotivated notion or action inveterate adj. of disease: chronic adage n. a saying that sets forth a general truth and that has gained credit through long use 3 adamant * * * ○ adj. UNYIELDING; unshakable or immovable especially in opposition impossible : execute :: adamant : move 3 adamant : moved :: intractable : led ○ 3 adamant : moved :: incorrigible : reformed ○ adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble adamant : yield :: slothful : assiduity 3 adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control ○ 3 adamant : flexible :: ○ adamant <> easily changing mind
3 acrid ○ adj. unpleasantly sharp, pungent, or bitter to the taste or smell; caustic in language or tone acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (A lack B) grating, strident : sound :: acrid : odor acrid : odor :: grating, piercing : sound 3 acridity : odor :: stridency : sound ○
3 , moved, inclined to adamant <> vacillatory ○ yield
3 acridity : odor ::garishness : appearance ○
3 adamant <> elastic, moved, yielding, wavering ○ adamant <> toward, moved refractory a. stubborn, obstinate intractable a. not manageable or docile; uncontrollable incorrigible a. bad beyond correction or reform gamble to take a chance on; venture; risk slothful a. sluggardly; indolent; lazy assiduity n. diligence; industry vacillatory a. inclined to waver; irresolute
3 acrid <> mild, gentle, savory ○ strident a. characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant sound savory a. pleasing, attractive, or agreeable garish a. crudely or tastelessly colorful, showy acrimonious adj. caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, language, or manner
3 , irresolute ○ 3 adamant <> flexible○ 3, adamant <> pliable, yielding, easily swayed ○ 3 pliant ○ 3 , toward○ 3 , vacillated○ 3 adamant <> tractable○
irresolute adj. uncertain how to act or proceed : VACILLATING adapt * to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation adapt <> remain unchanged 3 , stable adapted <> unchanged ○ adaptable <> unchangeable 3 addendum ○ n. something added or to be added, especially a supplement to a book 3 addendum : document :: postscript : letter ○ addendum <> addict to devote or give (oneself) habitually or compulsively to cause to become compulsively and physiologically dependent on a habit-forming substance ant. Detractor, adversary, antagonist, critic disabuse : error :: rehabilitate : addiction (?) addict <> disabuse n. a mistaken conception addicted a.voluntarily attached to (a person); attached by inclination; devoted inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency inure to accustom to hardship, difficulty, pain adduce to cite as pertinent or conclusive adduce <> adept adj. very skilled; proficient; expert complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit 3 adept <> bungling, clumsy, inept ○ complaisance n. the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability bungle to do clumsily and awkwardly; botch adhere to stick fast by or as if by suction or glue to be a devoted follower or supporter 3. to carry out a plan, a scheme, or an operation without deviation 3 adhere <> detach ○ adherent n. a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea or church 3 , forerunner adherent <> dissenter ○ dissenter n. a person who dissents, as from an established church, political party, or majority opinion 3 adhesive ○ adj. coated with glue; sticking fast; clinging 3 adhesive : bind :: compass : orient ○ etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive 3 adhesive <> nonviscous ○ etch to cut, bite, corrode with an acid corrosde to wear away gradually usually by chemical action nonviscous a. having no viscosity; inviscid ad hoc adv. for the specific purpose, case, or situation at hand and for no other
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adj. 1. formed for or concerned with one specific purpose 2. improvised and often impromptu adjourn to break off a meeting convoke <> adjourn adjourn <> convoke to call together; summon to meet adjudicate adjudicator a person who settles a question or awards a prize to prounce by judicial sentence; to study and settle (a dispute or controversy) 3 adjudicator <> imposter, rogue (?)○ imposter n. a person who practice deception under an assumed character rogue n. a dishonest, knavish person; scoundrel adjunct added to another thing but not essentially a part of it adjunct <> essential element 3 ad-lib * ○ n. something spoken, composed, or performed without preparation 3 ad-lib : impromptu :: side, aside : divergent ○ 3 ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic ○ aside adv. Away from some position or direction diverge to move, extend in different directions barb n. A secondary backward-projecting point of an arrow, fish hook, etc. caustic a. capable of corroding, or destroying administrator n. a person who manage or has a talent for managing; a person appointed by a court to take care of the estate of a decedent administrator <> admire to regard with pleasure, wonder, and approval to have a high opinion of; esteem or respect adulate : admire :: squander : spend paltry : covert :: despicable : admire(?) defer : leader :: admire : hero disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon abhor <> greatly admire squander to spend (money, time) extravagantly despicable a. contemptible paltry a. ridiculously small; utterly worthless; contemptible defer to yield respectfully in judgment or opinion admission lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission (?) lottery n. any scheme for the distribution of prizes by chance admissible allowable; capable of worthy of being admitted admissible <> 3 admonish * * * ○ to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner 3 admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory (<)○ 3 admonish : denounciation :: punish : pillory (<)○ admonish : denounce :: tell : proclaim peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove
alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory admonish : warn :: ameliorate : improve admonish : warn :: persuade : convince admonishment : warn :: panegyric : compliment 3 ○ apprise : information :: admonish : warning admonish <> compliment, extol, laud, praise, 3 flatter, glorify, applaud, approve, commend ○ denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil pillory to to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn peccadillo n. a slight offense castigate to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism pretense n. an inadequate or insincere attempt to attain a certain condition or quality reprove to express disapproval of : CENSURE panegyric a. formal or elaborate praise compliment n. an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration commend to cite or name with approval or special priase apprise to give notice to : TELL admonition n. a gentle reproof admonition <> adore to worship as God or a god to regard with deep, often rapturous love 3. to like very much abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness, affection apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (>) 3 adorn ○ to decorate or add beauty; to make more pleasing, attractive; enhance 3 adorn : enhance :: ○ adorn <> 3 adroit * * ○ adj. having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly adroitness : ineptness :: difficulty : simplicity 3 adroit : deft :: incontestable : indisputable (=) ○ 3 adroit : ungainly :: loquacious : succinct (#)○ adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simple 3 adroit : inept : (#) ○ 3 adroit : clumsiness :: (without) ○ adroit : act :: adroit, adroitness <> ungainly, inept, clumsy, 3 ham-handed ○ ham-handed <> deft, adroit loquacious a. full of excessive talk : WORDY succinct a. marked by compact precise expression without wasted words ungainly a. lacking in smoothness or dexterity inept a. generally incompetent : BUNGLING deft a. characterized by facility and skill ham-handed a. lacking dexterity or grace : HEAVYHANDED 3 adulate * * * * * ○ to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (>) 3 adulate : censure :: (#) ○
3 adulate : fawn :: accrete : accumulate (=) ○ 3 adulate : admire ::squander : spend (>)○ fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter (>) adulate <> censure, deride, scorn, disparage, 3 disdain ○ adulate <> excoriate, vituperate, reproach, vilify, 3 revile○ 3 adulate <> ridicule, fulminate ○ adulation <> obloquy, disdain, vituperation, 3 derision ○ adulation <> (somber affection ) disinclination a lack of inclination; a mild aversion squander to spend extravagantly or foolishly fulminate to send forth censures or invectives censure to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy deride to laugh at contemptuously disparage to lower in rank or reputation disdain to look on with scorn excoriate to censure scathingly vituperate to abuse or censure severely or abusively reproach to express disappointment in or displeasure with vilify to utter slanderous and abusive statements against : DEFAME revile to subject to verbal abuse obloquy n. a strongly condemnatory utterance : abusive language adult adult : child :: cat : kitten 3 adulterate * * ○ to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of a foreign or inferior substance or element 3 adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : unite (#) ○ dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine adulterate : pure :: bolster, brace : weak adulterate : pure :: dismantle : unity demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor unalloyed <> adulterated tainted <> unadulterated adulteration <> purification adulterate <> purify dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down pristine a. fresh and clean as or as if new embellish to make beautiful with ornamentation enervate to reduce the mental or moral vigor of unalloyed a. UNMIXED, UNQUALIFIED, PURE 3 adumbrate ○ to prefigure indistinctly; foreshadow vaguely 3 adumbrate : punctuality (without) ○ revelation <> adumbration adumbrate <> punctuate punctuate to mark with punctuation marks in order to make the meaning clear advent n. coming in place, view, or being; arrival advent <> passing, end, exit, disappearance, 3 departure ○ adversary n. ENEMY, FOE opposition : adversary :: instruction : mentor supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance
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3 adversary <> ally ○ supplicate to make a humble entreaty; especially to pray to God ally n. one that is associated with another as a helper advert to call attention; refer advertence <> inattention advertent <> inattentive inadvertence <> careful attention
epistemology n a branch of philosophy that investigate the origin , nature, methods, and limit of human knowledge 3 affable * * ○ adj. pleasantly easy to approach and to talk to; characterized by ease and friendliness 3 affable : gracious :: (A=B) ○ 3 affable : ease :: ○ affable <> irascible, testy, uncommunicative, 3 reticent, solitary, grouchy, glum ○
advertise to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a broadcast advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal 3 advisor ○ 3 advisor : guidance :: bellwether : leadership ○ bellwether n. a person that assumes the leadership or forefront; a person who leads a mob, mutiny, conspiracy advocate to speak, plead, or argue in favor of advocacy : champion :: criticism : evaluate (=) exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass advocate <> attack, impugn, oppose, thwart, 3 impede ○ champion to act as militant supporter of : UPHOLD exponent n. a person or thing that is a representative, advocate, type or symbol of something pollster n. a person whose occupation is taking of public-opinion polls canvass to go through (a district) or go to (persons) in order to solicit orders or political support or to determine opinions or sentiments aegis protection; support; sponsorship; auspices aegis <> aerate to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respiration aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water aerate <> remove air from 3 aerial ○ adj. of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere 3 aerial : air :: aquatic : water ○ aerial : air :: ferrous : iron ferrous a. containing iron 3 aesthete ○ n. one who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature; one whose pursuit and admiration of beauty is regarded as excessive or affected 3 aesthete : art :: gourmand : food ○ 3 aesthete <> lacking interest of beauty ○ philistine <> aesthete aesthete person insensitive to beauty philistine n. a person who is lacking in aesthetic refinement aesthetics n. a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge
3 affability <> sullenness, irascibility, solitary ○ gracious a. pleasant kind irascible a. easily provoked to anger testy a. irritably impatient; touchy solitary a. characterized by the absence of companions glum a. sullenly or silently gloomy; dejected affectation /affected * * n. show, pretense, or display; behavior that is assumed rather than natural; artificiality b. a particular habit, as of speech or dress, adopted to give a false impression affectation <> artlessness, ingenuousness posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant (c) 3 affected <> natural, artless, ingenuous ○ 3 affectation <> ingeniousness ○ posture to act in an affected or artificial manner to create a certain impression bigot n a person who is utterly intolerant of any differing creed, belief, or opinion affection n. FONDNESS apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration embrace, kiss : affection :: shrug : indifference :: frown : displeasure scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (sign) obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection antipathy <> affection affection <> antipathy affectionate <> scowl to draw down the brows in a sullen, displeased, or angry manner hurl to utter with vehemence swagger to boast or brag noisily bravado a pretentious. Swaggering display of courage shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference affective emotional affective <> affidavit n. a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (A is a kind of B) affiliate to adopt or accept as a member, subordinate associate, or Branch to associate (oneself) as a subordinate, subsidiary, employee, or member 3. to assign the origin of affiliate <> affiliation to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch
affiliation <> dissociation affinity n. a natural attraction or feeling of kinship, 2. relationship by marriage, 3. an inherent similarity between persons or things affinity <> antipathy, aversion, hideousness, 3 repugnance, unfriendliness ○ hideous a. horrible or frightful to the senses; repulsive affix to secure to something; attach, to impute; attribute; to place at the end; append 3 affix <> detach ○ afflict to torture, gruel, distress, wreak, plague afflict <> affliction <> 3 affluent ○ having a generously sufficient and typically increasing supply of material possessions 3 affluent : penury :: adversary : alliance (#) ○ affluent <> needy, indigent impecunious <> wealthy, prosperous, affluent penury <> affluence indigent a. experiencing want or need; impoverished impecunious lacking money; penniless penury n. extreme poverty 3 affront * ○ to insult intentionally, especially openly n. an open or intentional offense, slight, or insult 3 affront : offensive :: obeisance : esteem ○ 3 affront <> please, compliment ○ compliment n. an expression of praise, commendation obeisance n. DEFERENCE, HOMAGE agape * adv. with the mouth wide open, as in wonder, surprise, or eagerness; wide open 3 agape <> closed ○ aghast adj. struck by shock, terror, or amazement agenda : a list or program of things to be done or considered program : concert :: agenda : meeting repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting curriculum : class :: menu : dish curriculum, syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting itinerary : travel, trip :: agenda : meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary ( ) minute a note or summary covering points to be remembered log; a record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events agglutinate adj. united by or as by glue 3 agglutinated <> disaggregated ○ disaggregate to separate into its component parts aggrandize to make appear great or greater; praise highly aggrandize <> disparage, efface, downplay, relegate
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effacing <> aggrandizing abase <> aggrandize aggrandizing <> disparage, efface, downplay, 3 relegate ○ efface to make oneself inconspicuous; withdraw oneself shyly downplay to treat so as to reduce emphasis on its importance relegate to send or consign to an inferior position 3 aggravate ○ to make worse, more serious, or more severe; intensify unpleasantly succor <> aggravate 3 aggravate : irritate :: perplex : bewilder ○ aggravate <> allay, palliate, alleviate, ameliorate, 3 mitigate, assuage ○ succor to help or relieve alleviate to make (pain, for example) more bearable ameliorate , to make or become better; improve allay increase the intensity of, aggravate, intensify aggregate * * to collect or gather into a mass or whole coalesce disaggregate <> coalesce , disaggregate, disintegrate, join together aggregated <> detached, separated, unfastened, part, split, polarized, bifurcated , broken apart, 3 isolate units ○ bifurcate to divide or fork into two branches aggressive adj. inclined to behave in a hostile fashion 3 , even meaning, aggressive <> conciliatory ○ even-tempered aggrieve * * to distress; afflict; to inflict an injury or injuries on aggrieve <> appease, gratify, comfort, mollify, 3 appease, conciliate ○ 3 aggrieved <> buoyant ○ gratify to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to buoyant a. not easily depressed; cheerful aghast adj. struck by shock, terror, or amazement 3 aghast <> undismayed ○ dismay to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension 3 agile * ○ adj. characterized by quickness, lightness, and ease of movement; nimble; 2. mentally alert 3 agile : movement :: (kind) ○ agile : mobility :: agile <> sluggish agility <> dilatoriness, hesitancy dilatory a. tending to delay or procrastinate; tardy 3 agitate ○ to cause to move with violence or sudden force; to upset; disturb; 3. to arouse interest in (a cause, for example) by use of the written or spoken word; debate 3 agitated : equanimity :: (#) ○ coolheaded <> excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled agitate <> soothe
3 agitation <> sang-froid, repose ○ equanimity n. mental or emotional stability ant. Panic, disquiet, discomposure, agitation coolheaded adj. not easily excited ruffle to TROUBLE, VEX repose n. peace; tranquility; calm agog n. full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER 3 agog <> indifferent ○ agonize * to suffer extreme pain or great anguish; to make a great effort; struggle agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (>) agony: ANGUISH, TORTURE : intense pain of mind or body; intense emotional excitement agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (>) painful : agonizing :: important : paramount agony <> comfort, ease, pleasure obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively paramount a. of chief concern or importance; supreme in rank, power, or authority agrarian adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of farmers or their way of life agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade mercantile a. of or relating to merchants or trade 3 agreeable * ○ adj. pleasing to the mind or senses especially as ing well with one's tastes or needs 3 agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment ○ tedious a. long and tiresome engross to occupy completely, as the mind or attention; absorb
dilatory; intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay 3 alibi ○ n. the fact or state of having been elsewhere at the time 3 alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (purpose) ○ 3 alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory ○ 3 albino ○ n. a person with pale skin, light hair, pinkish eyes 3 albino : pigment :: prairie : tree ○ pigment n. a coloring matter alchemy alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy alcove n. a small recessed section of a room alcove : recess :: dome : roof alias n. a false name used to conceal one’s identity alias <> alibi : an explanation offered to avoid blame or justify action; an excuse alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory alibi : exculpatory :: admonishment : warning alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is for B) sophism n. any false argument; fallacy alienate to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent where attachment formerly existed 3 alienate <> unite, reunite ○
aid 3 aid <> impede ○ ail to cause pain, uneasiness, or trouble; to feel pain ail <> 3 aimless * ○ 3 aimless : purpose :: childish : maturity ○ 3 airproof ○ to make impervious to air 3 airproof : air :: opaque : light ○ 3 airproof : air :: soundproof : noise ○ airtight : having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole airtight : loophole :: (=) foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak alacrity * * n. promptness in response; cheerful readiness husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (#) alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (#) 3 alacritous <> sluggish, foot-dragging, dilatory ○ alacrity <> dilatoriness, hesitancy, hesitance, reluctance, delay, foot-dragging alacrity <> recalcitrance, sluggishness temerity foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness
align to arrange in a straight line; to bring into cooperation or agreement with a particular group 3 align <> divide, disjoin ○ aligned <> lack of affiliation, awry, not affiliated, askew, improperly adjusted, badly adjusted, 3 warped, irregular ○ awry a. askew 3 allay * * ○ to reduce the intensity of; relieve; to calm or pacify; set to rest 3 allay : relief :: ○ allay <> increase the intensity of, excite, galvanize, arouse, exacerbate, foment, aggravate, compel, 3 intensify, irritate, provoke ○ exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate foment to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE compel to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly exacerbate to make more violent, bitter, or severe allegation n. affirmation; an assertion made with little or no proof allegation <> deny allegiance : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans (B have A)
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renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith allegiance <> renegade, apostate renegade n. a person who desert a party or cause for another; an apostate from a religious faith
n. one that is associated with another as a helper : AUXILIARY ally : war :: teammate : game ally <> adversary, rival
allegory n a symbolical narrative; fable; parable; homily; apologue allegory : fiction :: (kind) allegory <>
aloft : at or to a great height founder <> stay aloft grounded <> aloft
allergy , 1. an abnormal high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms; 2. (informal) an adverse sentiment; antipathy allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument (A is a kind of B) sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured 3 alleviate * * ○ to make (as suffering) more bearable abate : tax :: alleviate : distress alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax :: console : grief 3 (A remove B) ○ 3 alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor ○ 3 alleviate : strength :: assuage : sorrow ○ 3 alleviation : immitigable :: (#) ○ alleviate <> intensify, exacerbate, increase 3 intensity, worsen ○ exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate mitigate to make a person milder or more gentle; mollify; appease alliterate alliteration n. exaggeration, duplication (alliterate means repetition of sounds, indicating lengthiness or wordiness. Remove, on the other hand, means cut short or make more concise) alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (#) alliterate <> blazon to adorn or embellish, esp. brilliantly or showily efface to rub out, erase, obliterate 3 alloy ○ to debase by the addition of an inferior element 3 alloy : purity :: thin : density (A reduce B) ○ allowance : a share or portion allotted or granted pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream (A is small B) allude * to make indirect reference intimate : communicate :: allude : refer (kind) 3 allude <> mention explicitly ○ intimate a. very private; closely allure to attempt or tempt by something flattering or desirable; to fascinate; charm 3 allure <> repel, repulse ○ repel to refuse to accept or admit allusive metaphorical; symbolic; figurative allusive <> ally
3 aloof * * ○ at a distance, esp, in feeling or interest; apart; reserved or reticent; indifferent; disinterested 3 aloof : objectivity :: ○ aloof : solitude :: (c) 3 aloof : reserve :: sluggish : torpor (c) ○ 3 aloof : associate :: politic : offend (#)○ 3 , intimate aloof <> having affinity, gregarious○ gregarious a. sociable torpor n. sluggish inactivity or inertia politic a. shrewd or prudent in practical matters; tactful; diplomatic alphabetical dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological 3 altercation ○ n. a noisy heated angry dispute; noisy controversy altercation : concord :: concord n. state of agreement : HARMONY altitude n. extent or distance upward; high or important position, rank altitude <> depth altruism altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise (A have B) 3 altruism <> egocentrism, egoism ○ vulture <> altruist connoisseur n. a person who is especially competent to pass critical judgment in an art vulture n. a person that preys, esp. greedily or unscrupulously amalgamate to unite in or as if in an amalgam, especially to merge into a single body amalgamation : disintegrated :: (#) amalgamate <> separate, isolate, disintegrate, 3 insulate○ 3 amalgamation <> disintegration ○ amass to gather together for oneself, as for one's pleasure or profit; accumulate amass <> dissipate 3 ambiguous ○ doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or indistinctness 3 ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth (LACK) ○ 3 ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore ○ equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent, incongruous unequivocal : ambiguity :: spotless : blemish (#) platitude n. the quality or state of being flat, dull, or trite banal a. devoid of freshness or originality; hackneyed; trite
blemish an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect gullible a. easily deceived or cheated oxymoron n. a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous (자가당착) 3 ambivalent * ○ adj. simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings toward an object, person, or action 3 ambivalence : commit :: gullibility : discern ○ ambivalent <> committed, definite, settled, 3 unequivocal○ amble * : SAUNTER to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll walk : amble :: talk : chat :: draw : doodle amble : wander (=) amble <> step, stride, walk quickly, scurry , march 3 rapidly ○ doodle to draw or scribble idly chat to talk in an informal or familiar manner scurry to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner 3 ambrosial ○ adj. extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food 3 ambrosial : taste :: mellifluous : hear ○ mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste 3 ambrosial <> unsavory ○ mellifluous adj. having a smooth rich flow 3 ambulatory ○ adj.of pertaining to, or capable of walking ambulatory <> bedridden bedridden adj. confined (as by illness) to bed ambush n. an act or instance of attacking unexpectedly from a concealed position ambush <> proclamation of war (선전포고) 3 ameliorate * * ○ to make or become better; improve ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : 3 depravation(→) ○ 3 ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution ○ 3 ameliorate : improve :: persuade : convince ○ ameliorate <> aggravate, exacerbate, make less pleasant , deteriorate damper <> ameliorator exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate deprave to debase, especially morally; corrupt amenable adj. readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate amenable <>intractable, insurgent, peevish, ungovernable, wayward, obdurate, inimical, 3 intransigent, obdurate, recalcitrant ○ insurgent n. a person who rises in forcible opposition to lawful authority peevish a. cross, querulous, or fretful, as from vexation or discontent wayward a. disobedient obdurate a. unmoved by persuasion, pity, or tender feelings; stubborn amend
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to change for the better; improve; to remove the faults or errors in; correct; 3. to alter (a legislative measure, for example) formally by adding, deleting, or rephrasing corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify amendable <> inimical inimical a. adverse in tendency; unfavorable; unfriendly amenity n. something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or enjoyment amenity : comfortable :: paradigm : exemplifying amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful 3 amenity <> nuisance ○ nuisance n. an obnoxious or annoying person amiable adj. being friendly, sociable, and congenial inimical, rancorous <> friendly, amiable, amicable amicable a. : PEACEABLE adj. characterized by friendly goodwill amicable : malign :: negligible : elevate (#) inimical, rancorous <> friendly, amiable, amicable malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statement about; speak evil of amicable : friendliness :: inimical friendly, amiable, amicable asperity <> amicableness amicable <> rancorous amiss adv. , : IMPERFECTLY 1. out of proper order; 2. not in perfect shape; faulty amiss <> rightly, properly, correct, true amity n. friendship; peaceful harmony 3 amity <> enemy ○ 3 amnesia * ○ n. partial or total loss of memory, usually resulting from shock, psychological disturbance, brain injury, or illness 3 amnesia : memory :: enervation : vigor ○ amnesia <> retention, remembrance, 3 consciousness, awareness, remembering ○ , 3 amorphous * * ○ adj. having no definite form; SHAPELESS 3 amorphous : shape :: equivocal : certainty ○ 3 amorphous : structure :: disjointed : coherence ○ amorphous : shape, structure :: errant, wandering : course :: ignorant : knowledge :: equivocal : certainty : disjointed : coherence amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy (LACK) 3 amorphous <> defined, definite ○ lassitude n. a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness errant a. deviating from the regular or proper course amplify [.mpl.f?i] : INCREASE to make larger or more powerful; increase;to add to, as by illustrations; make complete; 3. to exaggerate; 4. to produce amplification of amplify <> mute, abridge amplitude
1. greatness of size; magnitude; 2. fullness; copiousness 3 amplitude <> meagerness○ meager a. deficient in quantity; lacking fullness; scanty amulet : an object worn, especially around the neck, as a charm against evil or injury amulet : evil :: helmet : injury (A prevent B) amusive amusing; entertaining amusive <> anachronism * 1. representation of someone as existing or something as happening in other than the chronological, proper, or historical order; 2. one that is out of its proper or chronological order anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound anachronism : chronology :: fallacy : logic 3 anachronistic <> timely ○ anaerobic adj. living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of free oxygen anaerobic <> living in oxygen, requiring oxygen, 3 respiring ○ respire to breathe analgesia n. absence of sense of pain analgesia <> sensitivity to pain analgesic n. remedy that relieve or allays pain analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic :: symptom : palliative analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden :: stimulant : arouse soporific : alertment :: analgesic : pain analogy n. SIMILARITY disparate <> analogous analogous <> lacking similarity disparate a. fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar
ancestor heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator scion <> ancestor anchor anchor <> dislodge ancillary adj. of secondary importance; auxiliary, helping 3 ancillary <> paramount ○ 3 anecdote ○ n.. a short account of an interesting or humorous incident; anecdotes or anecdota secret or hitherto indivulged particulars of history or biography anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction (PURPOSE) anecdote : story :: anecdote : narrative :: skit : play 3 anecdote : narrative :: skit : play ○ skit n. a short theatrical sketch or act, usually comical anemic 1. of, relating to, or suffering from anemia; 2. lacking vitality; listless and weak anemia <> plethora anemic <> hale, strong hale n. free from infirmity or illness; sound 3 anesthetic ○ adj. lacking awareness or sensitivity 3 anesthetic : sensation :: soporific : alertness ○ analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain vaccination : disease :: anesthesia : sensation anesthetic : numbness :: intoxicant : drunkeness sensation <> anesthesia anesthesia <> soporific a. pertaining to by sleep; sleepy; drowsy 3 anger ○ 3 anger : tirade :: exaggeration: hyperbole ○ 3 anger : tirade :: malicious : ill will ○ tirade n. a prolonged outburst of bitter hyperbole n. obvious and intentional exaggeration anguish to inflict with distress, suffering, or pain anguish <> delight, comfort, relief
analysis measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature synthesis <> analysis
anhydrous : without water, especially water of crystallization anhydrous <> wet
anarchist n. one who rebels against any authority, established order, or ruling power anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend anarchy <> order
animal animal : cat :: furniture : chair
3 anathema ○ n. a person detested or loathed; a curse; execration 3 anathema : curse :: theocracy : state ○ 3 , panegyric anathema <> blessing ○ theocracy n. a commonwealth or state under such a form or system of government panegyric n. a eulogistic oration or writing; also : formal or elaborate praise
animation : ALIVE lassitude <> vim, verve, animation lassitude n. a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness animus 1. an attitude that informs one's actions; disposition; 2. a feeling of animosity; ill will animus friendship, friendliness annals n. 1. a chronological record of the events of successive years; 2. a descriptive account or record; a history 3. a periodical journal in which the records and reports of a learned field are compiled
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theocracy dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
nonchalant a. seeming to be coolly unconcerned or indifferent
n. a medicine for counteracting the effects of poison; disease; something that prevents or counteracts injurious or unwanted effects
3 annotate ○ to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or explanatory notes; gloss
answerable * adj. responsible; proportionate; correlative; suitable
3 antidote : poison :: antiseptic : germ ○
3 annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition ○ gloss to give a specious interpretation of; explain away annoy to cause slight irritation to (another) by troublesome, often repeated acts to harass or disturb by repeated attacks testy : annoy :: tractable : control (B = A) annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (=) maudlin : sentimental :: peeved : annoyed (A >> B :: A = B) (x) patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (=) testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk (c) maudlin a. effusively or tearfully sentimental condescend ; to deal with people in a patronizingly superior manner annul to make or declare void or invalid, as a marriage or a law; nullify; to obliterate the effect or existence of 3 annul <> make legal, reaffirm ○ anodize to coat a metal, esp. magnesium with a protective film anodize <> 3 anodyne * n. (analgesic, pain-killer) ○ adj. capable of soothing or eliminating pain; relaxing; watered-down; insipid 3 anodyne : pain :: soporific : wakefulness ○ anodyne <> irritant
3 answerable <> not responsible for ○ 3 answerable <> exempt from liability ○ liability n. pecuniary obligation : DEBT antagonize to incur the dislike of; to counteract; oppose cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize : antagonistic <> synergic (?) antagonize <> propitiate, placate, mollify propitiate, placate, mollify <> antagonize choler n. irascibility; anger; wrath; irritability propitiate , to conciliate; appease placate to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease antecedent n. a preceding circumstance, event, object; ancestors antecedent <> posterity posterity n. all descendants of one person 3 antediluvian ○ adj. extremely old and antiquated; primitive 3 antediluvian : age :: colossal : size ○ colossal a. extraordinarily great in size, extent, degree antenna antennae : butterfly :: antenna : signal :: net : fish 3 anterior ○ adj. coming before in time or development 3 anterior <> ensuing ○ ensue to follow in order
3 antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy ○ antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation :: remedy : disease antidote <> intoxication antiseptic a. free from or cleaned of germs intoxication n. an abnormal state that is essentially a poisoning antiestablishment adj. of the same kind but situated opposite, exerting energy in the opposite direction, or pursuing an opposite policy 2 a : opposing or hostile to in opinion, sympathy, or practice 3 : serving to prevent, cure, or alleviate antiestablishment <> friendly, sympathetic antiestablishment <> aggravate, vex, rile antipathy n. DISTASTE n. settled aversion or dislike agreeable : antipathy :: tedious : engrossment antipathy <> affection, affinity, benevolence, fondness 3 antipathy <> predilection ○ predilection n. a tendency to think favorable of something; preference antique/ antiquity 1. belonging to, made in, or typical of an earlier period; 2. of or belonging to ancient times, especially of, from, or characteristic of ancient Greece or Rome 3. of or dealing in antiques; 4. oldfashioned ,descendant Syn. Bygone; archaic; obsolete; antique <> recent 3 antiquity <> modern, new, late, currency ○ antiseptic oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize
anomalous * * adj. IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless anomalous <> conforming to norms, normal, typical
anthem a song as of praise, devotion anthem <> curse, imprecation, execration, malediction, anathema, backward blessing (저주)
3 anomalous <> paradigmatic ○ paradigmatic a. acting as a model of example of something blemish to mar or impair by a flaw
anthology compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (=)
3 antithetic, antithetical <> congruent ○ congruent a. agreeing; ant; congruous
3 antibiotic ○
anvil hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar
3 anomaly ○ n. deviation or departure from the normal or common order, form, or rule; 2. one that is peculiar, irregular, abnormal, or difficult to classify anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless 3 (without) ○ anomaly <> conformity to norms, predicted 3 occurrence○ 3 anomaly <> commonplace, typical specimen ○ 3 anonymous ○ adj. not named or identified anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite (A lack B) 3 anonymous : identify :: unplumbed : depth :: ○ unpredictable : vagary 3 anonymous <> indentified ○ unplumbed a. not understood or in depth as an idea, theory vagary n. unpredictable or erratic action
3 antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding ○ coagulate to form a clot 3 antic * ○ adj. ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture; funny 3 antic : gravity :: (A lack B) ○ 3 antic : behavior :: facetious : speech ○ 3 anticipatory <> sobriety ○ facetious a. playfully jocular; humorous sobriety n. seriousness, gravity, solemnity anticipatory of, showing or expressing anticipation retrospective <> anticipatory retrospective a. looking or directed backward 3 antidote ○
antithetic, antithetical * adj. directly opposed or contrasted; opposite drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (>)
anxious anxious : reassurance :: perplexed : clarification 3 apathetic ○ adj. feeling or showing a lack of interest or concern; indifferent; feeling or showing little or no emotion; unresponsive apathetic <> motivated, vehement 3 apathetic : motivate :: ○ apathetic : emotion :: imprudent : discretion apathy: IMPASSIVENESS n. lack of feeling or emotion ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (#) ennui n. listless and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest 3 apex * ○
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n. the highest point; the vertex; the point of culmination; the usually pointed end of an object; the tip 3 apex : career :: summit : mountain ○ apex <> nadir aphasia n. loss or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from brain damage aphasia <> volubility voluble adj. characterized by ready or rapid speech : GLIB, FLUENT 3 aphid ○ n. any of numerous very small sluggish homopterous insects that suck the juices of plants (진디) 3 aphid : insect :: pachyderm : animal (kind) ○ pachyderm : any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals (as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig) most of which have a thick skin (후피동물) 3 aphorism * * ○ n. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; an adage; a brief statement of a principle
apocryphal : authentication :: shady : integrity (A 3 lack B) ○ apocrypha <> canon 3 apocryphal <> authentic, authenticated ○ canonical a. authorized; recognized; accepted canon n. a standard; criterion shady a. of dubious character; rather disreputable integrity n. the state of being whole, entire, or undiminished apogee n. the highest or most distant point; climax apogee <> lowliest, nadir 3 apologize * ○ to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a fault or offense; to make a formal defense or justification in speech or writing 3 Apologist : defend :: disciple : follow ○ 3 apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel ○ saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend patron : support :: apologist : defend 3 apologize : regret :: gibe : derision ○ apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed apologize : contrite :: vacillate :
3 aphorism : succinct :: bromide : hackneyed ○
3 irresolute/uncertain ○
3 aphorism : brevity :: caricature : distortion ○ pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive (A is not B) aphoristic : terse :: hyperbolic : exaggerate
3 apologize : contrite :: thank : grateful ○ disciple : follow :: apologist : defend heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend apologist <> critic, detractor apologized <> detracted gibe to make taunting, heckling, or jeering remarks deride to laugh at in scorn or contempt; jeer at; mock contrite a. showing sincere remorse compliment n. an expression of praise, commendation, or admiration detraction n. the act of disparaging or belittling the reputation or worth of a person, work
3 aphoristic <> prolix ○ aphorism <> tirade pithy a. brief, forceful, meaningful in expression; terse prolix a. extended to great, unnecessary, or tedious length; long and wordy apiary n. a place in which a colony of bees are kept 3 apiary : bee(s) :: cage : pet ○ aplomb n. complete and confident composure or selfassurance Syn. Composure, equanimity, imperturbability Ant. Confusion, discomposure, doubt, uncertainty trepidation <> aplomb aplomb <> trepidation, perturbation, confusion, discomposure, doubt, uncertainty trepidation n. tremulous fear, alarm, or agitation; perturbation apocalyptic *; PROPHETIC adj. of a revelatory or prophetic nature; foreboding imminent disaster or final doom: terrible; wildly unrestrained: grandiose; ultimately decisive; climactic apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical, : irrational (=) apocalyptic <> inconsequential, trivial, 3 insignificant ○ apocalyptic <> favorable, fortuitous, auspicious, 3 pleasant○ 3 apocrypha * * ○ n. writings or statements of questionable, dubious authorship or authenticity 3 apocrypha : canon :: ○ apocryphal : authentic :: (#)
apophasis n. denial of one’s intention to speak of a subject that is at the same time named; allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned 3 apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox ○ apophasis <> approval, endorsement oxymoron n. a figure of speech by which a locution produces an incongruous claim 3 apoplectic ○ adj. greatly agitated; extremely angry apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin (>) apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature :: incorrigible : 3 tractable (#) ○ apoplectic <> calm syn. tempestuous, tumultuous, turbulent emaciate to make or become extremely thin callow a. lacking adult maturity or experience; immature 3 apostasy ○ n. renunciation of a religious faith; abandonment of a previous loyalty 3 apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy ○ 3 apostasy <> fidelity, faith ○ heresy n. the maintaining of such an opinion or doctrine fidelity n. loyalty
apostate n. one who commits apostasy apostrophe a mark(') used to indicate the omission of letters or figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or figures apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission ellipsis (, ..., ) : omission asterisk : annotation, indicate an omission or a reference to a footnote caret (^) : interpolation, indicate something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter apothecary apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat (A sell B) appall to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay appall <> embolden, nerve, encourage nerve to give strength or courage to apparition n. a supernatural appearance of a person,; anything that appears something remarkable apparition <> apparel to clothe or dress; to adorn or embellish gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak gaudy ; showy in a tasteless or vulgar tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel appealing adj. evoking or attracting interest, desire, curiosity, sympathy; attractive remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal (=) appealing <> noisome remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof noisome a. offensive or disgusting appease to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe; to satisfy or relieve; 3. to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting appease <> aggravate, exacerbate roil <> clarify, appease rile, roil, vex <> pacify, appease, soothe rile; to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil roil to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment to displease or disturb; vex appellation 1. a name, title, or designation; 2. the act of naming designation foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative, designatory appellation <> exclusion, dismissal, expel; resignation (사임) appendage an adjunct to something larger or more important : APPURTENANCE; a subordinate part attached to something; an auxiliary part; addition tail : appendage :: appetite 1. an instinctive physical desire, especially one for food or Drink;2. a desire or liking for something; fondness; taste appetite : indulge :: 3 appetite <> aversion ○ voracity <> lack of appetite
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3 applicable ○ applying or capable of being applied; appropriate applicable : pertinence :: redundant : superfluity 3 © ○ pertinent a. relating directly and significantly to the matter at hand; relevant superfluity n. the state of being superfluous applause n. approval publicly expressed applaud to express approval, especially by clapping the hands mirth : laughter :: approval : applause (B represent A) applaud <> disparage mirth n. gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter apple apple : fruit :: wood : fabric apple : skin : melon : rind applicant remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal applicant <> appoint appoint : official :: cast : actor appoint <.> dismissal, deprive, discharge, relieve apposite : strikingly appropriate and relevant apposite : relevant :: (=) apposite <> extraneous, irrelevant 3 appreciable ○ adj. capable of being perceived or measured 3 appreciable : perceive :: tenable : defend ○ appreciable <> imperceptible ponderable <> inappreciable ponderable a. considerable enough to be weighed or assessed tenable a. capable of being held, maintained, or defended as against attack or dispute apprehension 1. fearful or uneasy anticipation of the future; dread 2. the act of seizing or capturing; arrest 3. the ability to apprehend or understand; understanding apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration apprehensible : perceive :: ( : ) apprehensible <> incomprehensible, unfathomable, arcane, abstruse 3 apprehensive ○ adj. uneasy or fearful about something that might happen; quick to learn or understand 3 apprehensive : dire :: (<) ○ apprehensive <> easy, dire a. causing or involving great fear or suffering 3 apprise ○ to give notice to; inform apprise : information :: admonish : warning apprise <> withhold information apprentice n. : novice; tyro; neophyte apprentice <> proficient, adept approachable
adj. accessible; approachable approachable : intimate (c) approachable <> incomprehensible approachable <> unapproachable, offish, standoffish, aloof offish a. aloof; unapproachable; standoffish 3 approbation * ○ n. an expression of warm approval; praise; official approval endorse : approbation :: (A represent B) praise : approbation :: cajole : blandishment censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible (#) 3 approbation : praise :: objection : demur ○ approbation : reprehensible :: censure : blameless approbation <> execration, condemnation pall; gloomy atmosphere , demur to voice opposition; object reprehensible deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy execration n. a curse or imprecation cajole to persuade by flatter promises; wheedle; coax appropriate adj.suitable for a particular person, condition, occasion, or place; fitting to set apart for a specific use; to take possession of or make use of exclusively for oneself, often without permission lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate meet <> inappropriate, unsuitable apt <> extremely inappropriate 3 , demise appropriate <> surrender ○ lurk to lie or wait in concealment purloin to take dishonestly; filch; pilfer smuggler to import or export secretly embezzler to appropriate fraudulently demise to lease surrender to yield to the possession or power of another approve to consider right or good; think or speak favorably of to consent to officially or formally; confirm or sanction Substantiate <> disapprove Approve <> reject, disapprove, not-sanction substantiate to give substantial existence to approximate 1. almost exact or correct; 2. very similar; closely resembling paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise (#) verbatim n. using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration approximate <> precise 3 apron ○ n. a shield to protect against erosion (as of a waterway) by water 3 apron : clothing :: drop cloth : floor ○ lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect (PURPOSE) drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing (A protect B) drop cloth n. a sheet of cloth laid over furniture and floors for protection while a room is being painted or laid over shrubbery while the exterior of a house is being painted
apropos adj. fitting; at the right time; to the purpose 3 apropos <> irrelevant ○ apt adj. exactly suitable; appropriate; having a natural tendency; inclined; 3. quick to learn or understand apt <> extremely inappropriate, unlikely aptness <> unsuitability aptitude 1.capability; 2.readiness or quickness in learning; special fitness aptitude <> dullness, thickheadness (2); inappropriate, unsuitable(3) 3 aquarium * ○ 3 aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree ○ aquatic : water :: aerial : air :: arboreal : tree :: sidereal : star :: artery : blood sidereal a. of or pertaining to the stars 3 aqueous ○ adj. watery aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron ferrous a. of containing iron aqueduct : a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity of flowing water aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood aquifer n. a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer (A is a vertical B) aquifer : water :: mineshaft n. a vertical, sloping passageway made in the earth for finding or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations lode n. WATERWAY well n. a deep vertical hole arable suitable for farming; suited to the plow and for tillage; prolific arachnid; n. land that can be or is cultivated spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit arable <> unproductive, infertile; barren 3 arbiter ○ n. one chosen or appointed to judge or decide a disputed issue; an arbitrator; one who has the power to judge or ordain at will arbiter : decide :: broker : negotiate (A helps to B) 3 ○ initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter (c) arbitrator : disputants : judge : litigants (A works for B) entrepreneur n. one who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of a business or enterprise litigant n. one engaged in a lawsuit 3 arbor/arboreal ○ n. a leafy, shay recess formed by tree branches arbor : shelter :: hedgerow : fence arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars :: aquatic : water 3 ○ 3 arboreal : trees :: fluvial : river :: sylvan : forest ○
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3 arboreal : trees :: ferrous : iron ○ arboreal : trees :: herbaceous : herb arboreal : trees :: ligneous : wood arboreal : trees :: osseous : bone arboretum : wilderness ::(B lack A) 3 arboretum : tree :: incubator : infant ○ arboretum : trees : aviary : birds hedgerow n. a row of bushes or trees forming a hedge fluvial adj. of, relating to, or living in a stream or river aviary n. a large cage or a house in which birds are kept sylvan a. living or located in the woods or forest arcane adj. known or understood by only a few 3 arcane <> well-known ○ 3 archaic * ○ adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a much earlier, often more primitive period; no longer current or applicable; antiquated; of, relating to, or characteristic of words and language that were once common but are now used chiefly to suggest an earlier style or period archaic : currency :: irrelevant : pertinency :: 3 evanescent : permanence (#) ○ archaic : currency :: meteoric : constancy (#) archaic : current : evanescent : perpetual archaism : currency :: irrelevancy : pertinency 3 archaic <> current ○ evanescent a. vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor perpetual a. everlasting meteoric a. resembling a meteor in transient brilliance, suddenness of appearance archaism n. an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression archaism <> modern diction, neologism archetype 1. an original model or type after which other similar things are patterned; a prototype; 2. an ideal example of a type; quintessence harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify 3 archetype <> abnormal ○ harbinger n. one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner: enigma, conundrum, riddle Presage a. prophetic significance; augury 3 archipelago * ○ n. a group of islands 3 archipelago : island :: range : mountain ○ archipelago : island :: chain : link :: school : fish archipelago : islands :: grove : trees :: galaxy : stars :: bouquet : flowers oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean :: glade : wood glade n. an open space in a forest grove n. a planting of fruit or nut trees architect choreographer : movement :: architect : building (A compose B) 3 archive * ○ n. often archives a place or collection containing records, documents, or other materials of historical interest; a repository for stored memories or information
a person in charge of collecting and cataloguing archives 3 archive : book :: museum : painting ○ archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon archivist <> a person who easily disarranges archness inappropriate playfulness; roguish archness <> straightness archness <> subordinate, obedience arctic characteristic of the extremely cold in manner, atmosphere arctic :frigidity :: torrid <> arctic arctic <> ardent, humane, merciful, kind, compassionate, gently, sympathetic, frigid a. extremely cold torrid a. oppressively hot, parching, or burning as climate, weather;ardent arsenal archive : records/manuscripts :: arsenal : weapon :: museum : artifacts, paintings :: book : library :: file : archive 3 ardent * ○ adj. expressing or characterized by warmth of feeling; passionate; displaying or characterized by strong enthusiasm or devotion; fervent; burning; fiery b. glowing; shining 3 ardent : zeal :: ascetic : self-denial ○ ardent : zeal :: :: glutton : overindulgence ardent : zeal :: busybody : intrusiveness ardent <> arctic, dispassionate, apathetic, 3 indifferent ○ glutton n. a person who eats and drinks excessively or voraciously arctic adj. cold in temper or mood ardor 1. fiery intensity of feeling; 2. strong enthusiasm or devotion; zeal; 3. intense heat or glow, as of fire assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor :: alleviate : strength torpor <> ardor torpor n. sluggish inactivity or inertia arduous 1. demanding great effort or labor; difficult; 2. testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous 3. hard to traverse, climb, or surmount 3 , painless, undemanding arduous <> facile ○ facile a. easily done 3 argentine ○ adj. pertaining to silver 3 argentine : silver :: ferrous : iron ○ argentums n. silver 3 argentums <> aurum○ aurum n. gold argot a specialized idiomatic vocabulary peculiar to a particular class argot <> standard language, common verbalism, 3 common vocabulary ○ aria
opera : aria :: play : monologue arid adj. lacking moisture, especially having insufficient rainfall to support trees or woody plants; lacking interest or feeling; lifeless and dull aridness n. marsh : sodden :: desert : arid 3 arid <> damp, marshy ○ 3 aridness <> humidity, fecundity, fertile ○ aridity <> being spirited, animation, vivaciousness, ardent, vigorousness marshy a. soft and wet sodden adj. heavy with or as if with moisture or water fecund adj. fruitful in offspring or vegetation : PROLIFIC aridity 1.the quality of yielding nothing of value; fruitlessness, barrenness; 2. a deficiency of moisture (especially when resulting from a permanent absence of rainfall: aridity, aridness, thirstiness aridness <> humidness, fertile, fecundity aridity <> fruitfulness, fertile, fecundity (1), damp, marsh, humidness (2) fecundity n. the capacity of abundant production armada n. : a fleet of warships armada : vehicles :: fusillade : projectiles armory : a place where arms and military equipment are stored pantry : food :: armory : weapons arousal/arouse to awake from or as if from sleep; to stir up; excite phlegmatic : arouse :: (=) stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A make B) 3 arouse <> allay ○ pathogen n. any disease-producing agent phlegmatic a. not easily excited; apathetic; sluggish arousal <> allay, tranquility allay to ALLEVIATE array to set or place in order array : numbers :: formation : soldiers arrest * to stop; check to seize and hold under the authority of law: 3. to capture and hold briefly (the attention, for example); 4. to check the course of; slow down arrest <> vitalize, stimulate, advance, forward, 3 promote○ arresting adj. attracting and holding the attention blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting odious a. arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure arresting <> banal arrhythmic any disburbance in the rhythm of the heartbeat arrhythmic : regularity :: apathetic : concern arrhythmic exhibiting regularity, regular
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arrhythmic <> regular, rhythmic, swing, cadent, 3 exhibiting regularity ○ cadence n. rhythmic flow of a sequent of sounds or words swing to cause to move to and fro 3 arrogance/ arrogant ○ n. a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance (#) confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (<) intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble (#) 3 arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (hard to B) ○ frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (<) defer to yield respectfully in judgment or opinion interrogatory a. asking a question; of the nature of a question = interrogative lassitude n. a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness arroyo n. a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel grotto n. a small cave or cavern arsenal archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon artery : a major route of transportation into which local routes flow artery : plaque :: channel : silt (B = A ) 3 article ○ article : byline :: movie : credits (저자이름 쓰는 3 곳) ○ byline n. a printed line accompanying a news story, article, giving the author’s name 3 articulate ○ to pronounce distinctly and carefully; enunciate; to utter (a speech sound) by making the necessary movements of the speech organs; to express in coherent verbal form; give words to; to fit together into a coherent whole; unify articulate : talk :: graceful : move ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly 3 articulate : talk :: graceful : movement ○ articulate : speech :: graceful : movement 3 articulate : unclear :: elaborate : sketchy ○ 3 articulate : talk :: ratiocinate : think ○ 3 articulate <> tongue-tied ○ ratiocinate to reason methodically and logically tongue-tied adj. unable or disinclined to speak freely (as from shyness artifact an object produced or shaped by human craft, especially; a tool, a weapon, or an ornament of archaeological or historical interest;. a typical product or result archive : records :: museum : artifacts artifice 1. an artful or crafty expedient; a stratagem; 2. subtle but base deception; trickery; 3. cleverness or skill; ingenuity artifice <> candor candor n. the state or quality of being frank, open, and sincere in speech or expression
3 artisan ○ n. a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson 3 artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian ○ 3 artless * * * ○ adj. having or displaying no guile, cunning, or deceit; free of artificiality; natural; lacking art, knowledge, or skill; uncultured and ignorant; poorly made or done syn. Naïve, unsophisticated, guileless, open, plain, unaffected, candid artless : guile :: impartial : bias :: informal : 3 ceremony ○ blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (#) artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication 3 artlessness : calculating :: (A lack B) ○ 3 artless : duplicity :: dabbling : dedication ○ artless <> cunning, sly, disingenuous, affected, guileful, sophisticated, duplicitous, urbane, 3 calculating ○ artlessness <> urbanity, sophistication, 3 affectation, sophism sly ○ artlessness <> duplicity, guile disingenuous a. not straightforward or candid; crafty ingenuous = artless guile adj. treacherous cunning; skillful deceit ceremony n. a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, protocol, or convention urbanity adj. refinement and elegance of manner; polished courtesy sophism n. a plausible but fallacious argument; deceptive or fallacious argumentation calculating a. shrewd; cautious ascend to move upward upon or along; climb; to succeed to; occupy ascendency n. superiority or decisive advantage; domination ascendant = ascendent n. : DOMINATION adj. a state or position of dominant power or importance ascendant <> having no influence, having no 3 ascendant <> declining, descending ○ 3 power ○ ascendant <> nonentity ascend <> decline, go down 3 , nonentity ascendency <> lack of influence ○ 3 ascension <> declination ○ nonentity n. a person of little consequence or significance 3 ascetic * * ○ adj. practicing extreme self-denial or selfmortification for religious reasons; rigorously abstinent; austere ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence ascetic : self-denial :::: busybody : intrusiveness :: ardent : zeal ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : selfdevelopment 3 ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol ○ ascetic <> sybarite, voluptuary, sumptuous, 3 indulgent, hedonic, prodigal ○ ascetic <> hedonist asceticism <> indulgence glutton n. a person who eats and drinks excessively or voraciously
busybody n. a person who pries into or meddles in the affairs of others teetotaler n. one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages sybarite n. a person devoted to luxury and pleasure voluptuary n. a person whose life is devoted to the pursuit and enjoyment of luxury and sensual pleasure hedonism n. pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses sumptuous adj. luxuriously fine or large; lavish; splendid 3 aseptic ○ free from the living germs of disease, fermentation, putrefaction aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs 3 aseptic : inflame :: antidote : poison ○ aseptic <> contaminated aseptic <> putrefactive putrefaction n. the state of being putrefied; decay anesthetic physically insensitive inflame to raise (blood, bodily tissue) to a morbid or feverish heat 3 ash ○ n. something that symbolizes grief, repentance, or humiliation 3 ash : burn :: debris : destroy ○ debris n. the remains of something broken down or destroyed 3 aside * ○ n. a piece of dialogue intended for the audience and supposedly not heard by the other actors on stage; a temporary departure from a main theme or topic; short digression aside : digression :: overture : introduction (c) 3 aside : digression :: summary : excerpt ○ ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent aside <> directness, straightness excerpt n. a passage or quotation taken or selected from a book, document askew * * adj. to one side; out of line : AWRY 3 askew <> straight, orderly, aligned ○ aspect n. a position facing a particular direction transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location (=) asperity HARSHNESS 1. a. roughness or harshness, as of surface, sound, or climate b. severity; rigor 2. roughness of manner or of temper; ill temper or irritability asperity <> mildness of temper, amicability, amiability, mildness, soothingness 3 aspersion ○ n. an unfavorable or damaging remark; slander; the act of defaming or slandering; a sprinkling, especially with holy water 3 aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive (c) ○ 3 aspersion : discredit :: sop : placate ○ aspersion <> glowing tribute, flattery discredit to injure the credit or reputation canard n. a false or baseless, usually derogatory story, rumor sop n. something give to pacify or quiet, or as a bribe
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aspiration 1. expulsion of breath in speech 2. (linguistics) a. the pronunciation of a consonant with an aspirate b. a speech sound produced with an aspirate 3. the act of breathing in; inhalation 4. (medicine) the process of removing fluids or gases from the body with a suction device 5. a. a strong desire for high achievement b. an object of such desire; an ambition aspiration <> aimlessness, avoidance, neglect, purposelessness, thoughtlessness aspire to have a great ambition or ultimate goal; desire strongly; to strive toward an end;3. to soar audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (#) aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey (?)
assail to attack with or as if with violent blows; assault; to attack verbally, as with ridicule or censure; 3. to trouble; beset assail <> champion, endorse, extol, vindicate 3 endorse ○ assay 1. a. qualitative or quantitative analysis of a substance, especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components; b. a substance to be so analyzed; c. the result of such an analysis 2. an analysis or examination assay : objective :: (c) assembly n. a company of persons gathered for deliberation and legislation, worship, or entertainment assent to agree or concur assent <> demur demur to make objection assert to state or express positively calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (#) assert : belabor :: tend : fuss obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (>) assert <> gainsay obsequious , full of or exhibiting servile compliance assertive ; inclined to bold or confident assertion; bumptious , (arrogant); crudely or loudly assertive; pushy gainsay to declare to be untrue or invalid; CONTRADICT, OPPOSE assess to estimate the value of (property) for taxation; to set or determine the amount of (a payment, such as a tax or fine); 3. to charge (a person or property) with a special payment, such as a tax or fine; 4. to determine the value, significance, or extent of assess : value :: plumb : depth asset [.set] n. asset l<> liability liability n. debts 3 assiduous * * * ○
adj. constant in application or attention; diligent; unceasing; persistent assiduous : sluggish :: (#) rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (#) 3 assiduous : careless :: sedulous : remiss ○ 3 assiduous : careless :: rakish : restraint ○
coagulate to change from a fluid into a thickened mass; curdle; congeal astrolabe n. a compact instrument used to observe and calculate the position of celestial bodies astrolabe : nautical :: colander : culinary
3 assiduous : diligent :: bootless : futile ○ 3 assiduous : sluggish ○ assiduousness : careless :: probity : disingenuous 3 ○ assiduous <> indolent, desultory, slipshod, remiss, 3 careless, cursory ○ sedulous a. diligent in application or attention rakish adj. dashingly or carelessly unconventional : JAUNTY slothful a. disinclined to work or exertion; lazy desultory a. lacking in consistency or visible order slipshod a. careless, untidy or slovenly remiss a. negligent, careless, or slow in performing one’s duty assistance 1. the act of assisting 2. aid; help, assistance interference 3 assuage * * * : APPEASE, EASE ○ to make (something burdensome or painful) less intense or severe; to satisfy or appease (hunger or thirst, for example); to pacify or calm 3 assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor ○ 3 assuage : sorrow ::alleviate : strength ○ assuage <> heighten, harrow, pique, harry, irritate, heckle, aggravate, chaff, gall, intensify, 3 inflame, exacerbate, vex, incite, take offense ○ gall <> calm, assuage chafe to irritate; annoy harrow to TORMENT, VEX harry to torment by or as if by constant attack heckle to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges, or gibes : BADGER chaff to tease good-naturedly gall to vex or irritate greatly assume * to take upon oneself ; to undertake the duties of (an office); to affect the appearance or possession of; feign; to take for granted; suppose assume <>refuse, reject, abdicate, doubt, 3 repudiate ○ unassuming <> overbearing usurp <> assume rightfully unassuming a. modest; unpretentious overbearing a. haughtily or rudely arrogant 3 astound ○ to astonish and bewilder indelible : forget :: astounding : expect (A is hard to B) 3 astound : wonder :: appall : horror (A gives B)○ astound : wonder :: disconcert : discouragement 3 ○ appall to fill with consternation or dismay 3 astringent ○ adj. sharp and penetrating; pungent or severe 3 astringent :: pucker :: coagulant : congeal○ astringent : contraction :: anesthetic : insensibility astringent :: pucker :: spark : ignite pucker to gather into small wrinkles or folds
astrology n. astronomy; the divination of the supposed influences of the stars and planets on human affairs and terrestrial events by their positions and aspects astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry astrologer : horoscope :: horoscope n. an astrological forecast astrologer n. one who practices astrology alchemy n. chemical science astute : having or showing shrewdness and discernment, especially with respect to one's own concerns astute <> fatuous fatuous a. foolish or inane, esp. in an unconscious, complacent manner; silly asunder * adj. into separate parts or pieces 2. apart from each other either in position or in direction asunder <> yoked, in a piece, united, conjoined, 3 combined, in one piece, yoking ○ yoke to join, couple, link, or unite conjoin to join together; unite; combine; associate asymmetrical unsymmetrical; lacing symmetry circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (A lack B) protean a. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings 3 asylum: SANCTUARY○ asylum : extradition :: filibuster : delay (?)(A 3 prevent from B)○ refugee : asylum :: extradition n. the surrender of an alleged fugitive from justice or criminal by one state, nation, or authority to another(본국송환) refugee n. a person who flees for refuge or safety, to a foreign country athlete athlete : trophy :: soldier : medal atone to make amends, as for a sin or fault guilt : expiation, atonement :: fatigue : repose expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone repose n. restfulness; calm 3 atrocious ○ adj. extremely evil or cruel; monstrous; 2. exceptionally bad; abominable 3 atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (>)○ momentous of utmost importance; of outstanding significance or consequence atrophy 1. (pathology) a wasting or decrease in size of a bodily organ,; tissue, or part owing to disease, injury, or lack of use; 2. a wasting away, deterioration, or diminution 3 atrophy <> growth ○ attack
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attack : vanquished : goad: provoked 3 attentive * ○ adj. giving care or attention; watchful; marked by or offering devoted and assiduous attention to the pleasure or comfort of others; expressing affectionate interest through close observation and gallant gestures inattentive : enthusiasm :: 3 attentive : fussy :: talkative : garrulous (<)○ attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish 3 attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<) ○ fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (>) fussy adj. revealing a sometimes extreme concern for niceties : FASTIDIOUS, PICKY 3 attenuate * *○ to make slender, fine, or small; to reduce in force, value, amount, or degree; weaken; to lessen the density of; rarefy attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed 3 attenuate : density :: blunt : sharpness○ attenuate : strength, length, thickness :: decelerate : speed :: enervate : vitality :: cool : 3 temperature :: weaken : potence ○ attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength :: 3 collapse : volume:: hamstring :effectiveness ○ attenuate : force :: debase : value :: retrench : 3 money ○ attenuate : thickness :: attenuate : force :: 3 simplify : complexity ○ attenuate : thickness :: shorten : length attenuate <> intensify, strengthen attenuate <> expand, fortify, increase attenuate <> become thick 3 attenuated <> dense ○ debase to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade hamstring to make ineffective or powerless retrench to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit enervate; to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of potency debilitate = enervate potency n. power, authority; effectiveness; strength attest to bear witness to; to give proof or evidence of; 3 attest <> simulate ○ simulate to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the intent to deceive : IMITATE attorney n. a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal proceedings attorney : disbar :: student : expel attorney : defendant :: (A defend B) attrition 1. a rubbing away or wearing down by friction; 2. a gradual diminution in number or strength because of constant stress; 3. a gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through retirement, resignation, or death; 4. (theology) repentance for sin motivated by fear of punishment rather than by love of God unrepentant attritional attribute
n. a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants in legal
luminary n. a person who has attained eminence in his field (권위자)
auction
auspicious * * adj. attended by favorable circumstances; propitious; marked by success; prosperous auspicious <> boding ill, untoward, ominous, 3 unfavorable, ill-omened, unpropitious ○ inauspicious <> favorable bodingan omen or foreboding, especially of evil foreboding a sense of impending evil; an evil omen untoward a. unfavorable or unfortunate propitious a. presenting favorable conditions; favorable
3 :: judge : auctioneer : gavel :: referee : whistle ○ gavel :: surgeon : scalpel scalpel n. small, light, usually straight knife used in surgical and anatomical operations 3 audacious * *○ adj. fearlessly, often recklessly daring; bold; unrestrained by convention or propriety; insolent; spirited and original audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (#) audacious : cautious :: audacious : careful :: 3 abandon : inhibiting ○ audacious : trepidation, caution :: laconic : 3 volubility ○ circumspect <> audacious, reckless, directly encountering audacious <> craven, timorous, pusillanimous, circumspect, discreet, prudent, timid, cautious, 3 trepid, diffident ○ 3 audaciousness, audacity <> trepidation ○ craven a. cowardly; contemptibly timid; pusillanimous 3 audible ○ audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest(<) audible : stentorian :: discerned : 3 obvious (<)○ 3 audible : stentorian :: discernable : manifest ○ stentorian a. extremely loud 3 audit○ n. a methodical examination and review 3 audit : account ○ audition interview : applicant :: audition : actor 3 augment *○ to make (something already developed or well under way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity 3 augmentation : abatement :: (#) ○ augment <> retrench, abate, lessen, reduce, wane 3 ○ augmentation <> abatement, diminution, 3 reduction ○ 3 augmentation <> reducement ○ diminution a. the act or process of diminishing; a lessening or reduction; b. the resulting reduction; decrease retrench , to cut down, reduce; to remove, delete, or omit augur n. one held to foretell events by omens intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict :: translator : interpret augur : predict :: pundit : opine worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury maven : experience :: luminary : eminence :: pundit : opine (= ) maven : experience :: augur : prediction intercessor n. a person who intercede, mediate pundit a source of opinion; a learned person opine to hold or state as an opinion maven a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert
3 austere○ 1. severe or stern in disposition or appearance; somber and grave; 2. strict or severe in discipline; ascetic; 3. having no adornment or ornamentation; bare 3 abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (#)○ 3 embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure (#)○ laconic : speech :: austere : design timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity baroque, lavish <> austere baroque n. anything extravagantly ornamented lavish a. using or giving in great amounts; prodigal timeworn a. trite; hackneyed authentic 1. conforming to fact and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief 2. having a claimed and verifiable origin or authorship; not counterfeit or copied authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (#) discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic (#) genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) authentic <> bogus authenticity <> spuriousness spuriousness <> authenticity semblance <> authentic article discompose to disturb the composure of; agitate; perturb fabricate to fake; forge chimera n. a horrible or unreal creature of the imagination spurious lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false 3 authority ○ authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans 3 (c) ○ authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity (A have B) contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (A = B ) authoritative adj. substantiated or supported by documentary evidence and accepted by most authorities in a field pundit n. one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : CRITIC contumacious a. obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate
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reactionary adj. favoring reaction, esp. extreme conservatism or rightism in politics heretic n. anyone who does not conform to an established attitude, doctrine hidebound a. stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible recalcitrant adj. resisting author or control
averse; having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined
3 autobiography ○
avid adj. having an ardent desire or unbounded craving; greedy; marked by keen interest and enthusiasm reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (>) avid <> diffident, indifferent reverence n. a feeling or attitude of deep respect tinged with awe; veneration diffident adj. lacking or marked by a lack of selfconfidence; shy and timid
3 autobiography: reminisce :: eulogy: praise ○ reminisce to recall past experience, events autocracy : government by a single person having unlimited power pundit : learning, knowledge :: autocracy : power autonomy n. the condition or quality of being autonomous; independence autonomy <> dependence, external control, rule 3 ○ avarice * * n. : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY n. excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain avarice : money :: gluttony : food (A is insatiable 3 desire for B) ○ avarice : satisfy : impassive : perturb stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (A is not to B ) avaricious : covet :: prodigal : spend (excessively 3 to B) ○ 3 avaricious : satisfy :: stoic : perturb ○ avaricious : satisfied :: stoic : perturbed (A is not 3 to B ) ○
3 aviary ○ aviary : bird :: aquarium : fish :: arboretum : tree 3 ○
avowal n. an open declaration or acknowledgment 3 avowal <> recantation ○ 3 avulsion ○ n. a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically 1. (medicine) the forcible tearing away of a body part by trauma or surgery 2. the sudden movement of soil from one property to another as a result of a flood or a shift in the course of a boundary stream 3 , link avulsion <> suture○ suture a sewing together or a joining as by sewing
3 avarice <> generosity ○ avarice <> content
awash FLOODED : filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood awash <> dry
3 avaricious <> contented ○ covet to desire wrongfully, inordinately; to wish for eagerly prodigal adj. wastefully or recklessly extravagant gluttony adj. excessive eating and drinking stoic n. one who is seemingly indifferent to or unaffected by joy, grief content adj. CONTENTED, SATISFIED
awe : a mixed emotion of reverence, respect, dread, and wonder inspired by authority, genius, great beauty, sublimity, or might redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (=) awe <> irreverence redoubtable adj. arousing fear or awe; formidable
aver to affirm positively; declare 3 aver <> deny, gainsay, belie ○ gainsay to deny, dispute, or contradict belie to show (something) to be false or wrong 3 aversion * * *○ n. a fixed, intense dislike; repugnance; one that is intensely disliked and avoided; a feeling of extreme repugnance accompanied by avoidance or rejection aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (>) aversion : inclination :: (#) aversion : disinclination : adulation : admiration (A 3 shows B excessively) ○ aversion <> affinity, court, penchant, propensity, 3 proclivity, craving, inclination, fondeness ○ 3 averse <> inclined ○ adulation n. excessive flattery or admiration penchant n. a definite liking; a strong inclination propensity n. an innate inclination; a tendency proclivity n. a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition craving n. a consuming desire; a yearning
awkward lacing skill or dexterity; clumsy craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (#) dexterous, lithe <> awkward deft <> awkward svelte <> paunchy and awkward craven adj. characterized by abject fear; cowardly lithe adj. pliant; limber; flexible svelte adj. slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim paunchy adj. having a potbelly deft adj. quick and skillful; adroit awl n. a pointed instrument for piercing small holes in leather, wood awl : pierce :: pestle : hash, mash pestle n. a tool for pounding or grinding substances in a mortar hash to chop into small pieces; mince 3 awning n. 차양○ awning : sun :: umbrella : rain (A IS FOR 3 PROTECTION FROM B) ○ 3 awry *○
adj. in a position that is turned or twisted toward one side; askew; away from the correct course 3 awry <> aligned, orderly, planned, straight○ axiomatic : SELF-EVIDENT adj. taken for granted axiomatic <> controversial
B babble to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds 3 babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) ○ babble : talk :: scribble : write babble, waffle <> express succinctly parrot to repeat or imitate especially without understanding waffle to speak or write equivocally; idle away time talking succinct adj. concise; terse backache n. a pain in the lower back backache : pain :: smoke : pollutant (kind) backdrop : a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vista n.a distant view through or along an avenue or opening : PROSPECT backhanded DEVIOUS adj. not straightforward backhanded <> forthright forthright adj. directly forward b : without hesitation : FRANKLY backset n. SETBACK 1. a setback or reversal 2. an eddy or countercurrent in water eddy backset <> hike hike n. an often abrupt increase or rise bacteria bacteria : decomposition :: yeast : fermentation (A utilizes B) bacterium : colony :: citizen : nation (B is a set of A) host : parasite :: medium : bacterium decompose to. to break up into constituent parts by or as if by a chemical process : DECAY, ROT ferment to be in a state of agitation or intense activity badge : a device or token especially of membership in a society or group chevron : badge :: caisson : cart (KIND) chevron n. (하사관) 갈매기 모양의 수장 caisson n. a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse-drawn limber badger * to harass or annoy persistently badger : bother :: belabor : mention badger : bother :: importune : request badger <> mollify belabor to explain or insist on excessively importune to press or urge with troublesome persistence mollify to reduce in intensity : ASSUAGE, TEMPER 3 badinage ○
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n. light, playful banter; good-natured and usually witty and animated joking playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole (c) badinage <> clear reference, serious discourse, 3 sincere conversation, seriousness, respect ○ hyperbole n. a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect 3 baffle○ to defeat or check (as a person) by confusing or puzzling : DISCONCERT baffle : confusion :: bewitch : temptation (A is by 3 B) ○ 3 baffle <> encourage ○ bewitch to attract as if by the power of witchcraft : ENCHANT 3 bait ○ to attack or torment, especially with persistent insults, criticism, or ridicule 3 mollify bait <> disarm, ○ disarm to win the affection or approval of; charm balance to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a weighing device abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh balance : weight :: verify : accuracy (A is to determine B ) 3 bale ○ n. evil; mental suffering; anguish 3 bale <> happiness, success, good fortune ○ bale <> benefit, mirth mirth n. gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter baleful adj. deadly or pernicious in influence pernicious a. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly; b. causing great harm; destructive 3 baleful : menace :: solicitous : concern (=)○ baleful <> beneficent menace n. one that represents a threat : DANGER solicitous adj. full of concern or fears : APPREHENSIVE balk to stop short and refuse to go on; to refuse obstinately or abruptly 3 balk <> move ahead willingly ○ balky adj. given to stopping and refusing to go on; difficult to operate or start balky <> acquiescent, eager, tractable, accommodating, compliant, cooperative,
truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage (A 3 prevent B) ○ ballast : stability :: camouflage : disguise, 3 indetection ○
3 banana : peel:: peanut : shell ○
3 ballast : stabilize :: camouflage : deceive ○ girder n. a large beam of wood, steel supporting the ends of joists ballast n. something that gives stability slippage n. an act, instance, or process of slipping purchase n. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping truss
bane 1. fatal injury or ruin; 2. a cause of death, destruction, or ruin 3. a deadly poison 3 , benefit bane <> blessing ○ baneful <> beneficent, benevolent, salubrious, salutary salubrious adj. conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing salutary adj. favorable to or promoting health
ballet n. a group that performs ballets instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet (B is a company of As ) singer : opera :: dancer : ballet symphony (orchestra) n. a large orchestra of winds, strings, and percussion that plays symphonic works
banish to force to leave a country or place by official decree; exile to drive away; expel evict : residence :: banish : country
balloon to ascend or ride in a balloon; to expand or swell out like a balloon; 3. to increase or rise quickly balloon <> decrease slowly ballot : a list of candidates running for office ballot : candidates :: 3 balm * * ○ n. a soothing restorative agency antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation (A prevent B) balm : soothing :: balm <> harmful substance, irritant, noxious 3 substance, piquancy ○ balmy <> irritant piquant adj. agreeably stimulating to the palate; especially : SPICY balmy 1. having the quality or fragrance of balm; soothing’; 2. mild and pleasant balmy <> inclement, piquant, irritant inclement adj. lacking mildness bamboozle to deceive by underhanded methods : DUPE, HOODWINK ban to prohibit, especially by official decree 3 banal * * * ○ adj. lacking originality, freshness, or novelty; trite equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal (c) 3 banal : originality :: disjointed : coherence ○
ballad * *
3 banal : platitude :: ambiguous : equivocation ○ banal <> fresh, new, original, arresting, novel, 3 ingenious, noteworthy ○ banality <> freshness, ingeniousness, ingenuity,
3 warehouse : building ○ ballast * n. something that gives stability (as in character or conduct) ballast : balance :: (PURPOSE)
banana
3 ballast : stability :: truss : support ○ ballast : stability :: girder : support
3 agreeable, complaisant, pliable, obedient ○ acquiesce to consent or comply passively or without protest accommodating adj. HELPFUL, OBLIGING
3 :: prose : ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter ○ paragraph :: symphony : movement ballad : song :: lyric : poem :: comedian : actor ::
coherence n. systematic or logical connection or consistency platitude n. the quality or state of being dull or insipid
3 originality, original expression, singularity ○ trite <> unbanal trite adj. lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition
banister n. a handrail with its supporting posts b : HANDRAIL staircase : banister :: road : guardrail :: fence : 3 garden ○ bankruptcy bankruptcy : solvent :: eclipse : famous (without) 3 ○ bankruptcy <> solvency solvent adj. able to pay all legal debts eclipse n. a falling into obscurity or decline banquet 1. en elaborate, sumptuous repast; 2. a ceremonial dinner honoring a particular guest writer, author : novel :: chef : banquet word : sentence :: course : banquet sumptuous adj. extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent splendor adj. suggesting great expense; lavish repast (1) ; (meal) a meal or the food eaten or provided at a meal banter : good-humored, playful conversation playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole barb * n. a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment 3 barb : caustic :: pan : harsh (c) ○ ad-lib : impromptu :: barb : caustic barb <> complimentary remark pan n. a harsh criticism barbarous UNCIVILIZED b : lacking culture or refinement : PHILISTINE barbarous <> civilized, sophisticated barbarize <> civilize barefaced adj. OPEN, UNCONCEALED; having no covering over the face; b. having no beard; without disguise; unconcealed; undisguised bold; brazen headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame (A lack B) 3 barefaced, aboveboard <> surreptitious ○ headlong adj. lacking in calmness or restraint : PRECIPITATE
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surreptitious adj. acting or doing something clandestinely : STEALTHY bargain to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, or contract : HAGGLE debate : issue :: bargain : price bark n. the tough exterior covering of a woody root or stem bark : tree :: crust : loaf bark :tree :: epidermis : mammal bark : tree :: skin : apple bark : tree :: rind : apple crust n. the hardened exterior or surface part of bread epidermis n. the outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the animal body rind n. a usually hard or tough outer layer : PEEL, CRUST baroque adj. characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance in ornamentation 3 baroque <> austere ○ barrage 1. a. a heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of friendly troops to screen and protect them b. a rapid, concentrated discharge of missiles, as from small arm 2. an overwhelming, concentrated outpouring, as of words barrage : explosives :: deluge : rain (>) deluge n. an overflowing of the land by water b : a drenching rain barrack(s) n. a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel; often barracks. A large, unadorned building used for temporary occupancy 3 barracks : soldier :: monastery : monk ○ monastery n. : a house for persons under religious vows; especially : an establishment for monks 3 barrel ○ to move at a high speed or without hesitation 3 barrel <> plod ○ plod to walk heavily or slowly : TRUDGE b to proceed slowly or tediously 3 barren ○ adj. unproductive of results or gain : FRUITLESS 3 barren <> prolific, fecund, verdant, hirsute ○ prolific adj. producing young or fruit especially freely : FRUITFUL fecund adj. fruitful in offspring or vegetation : PROLIFIC hirsute adj. covered with coarse stiff hairs barricade 1. a structure set up across a route of access to obstruct the passage of an enemy 2. something that serves as an obstacle; a barrier barricade <> permit passage barter to trade by exchanging one commodity for another correspond : letters :: barter : commodities
correspondence : letters :: barter : commodities : conversation : language jog : exercise :: barter : trade (KIND) base * adj. morally low; without estimable personal qualities; dishonorable; mean-spirited; selfish; cowardly; worthless 3 base <> virtuous, noble, patrician, sublime ○ respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (#) baseness <> respect virtuous adj. having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence patrician n. a person of noble or high rank; aristocrat sublime adj. supreme or outstanding infidelity n. unfaithfulness; disloyalty perfidious adj. treacherous; deceitful baseboard : a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall and a floor veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall bask to expose oneself to pleasant warmth to take great pleasure or satisfaction bask <> abstain baste to moisten (as meat) at intervals with a liquid (as melted butter, fat, or pan drippings) especially during cooking baste : dryness :: caulk : moistness 3 batch ○ a quantity or number coming at one time or taken together 3 batch : cookie :: compound : element ○ compound n. something formed by combining parts, elements bathe to immerse (all or part of the body) in water; to be covered as if with water bathe : water :: cover : coat (?) bathetic adj. characterized by bathos offbeat <> bathetic, hackneyed, trite, commonplace offbeat adj. not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern; unconventional bathos 1. a. an abrupt, unintended transition in style from the exalted to the commonplace, producing a ludicrous effect b. an anticlimax 2. a. insincere or grossly sentimental pathos b. banality; triteness 3 bauble ○ adj. trivial, trifle, trinket, tawdry 3 bauble <> valuable thing ○ 3 bawdy ○ n. a bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to sex 3 bawdy <> decorous ○ decorous adj. characterized by or exhibiting decorum; proper beacon * n. a signal fire commonly on a hill, tower, or pole; a lighthouse or other signal for guidance
siren : sound :: beacon : light siren : heard :: beacon : seen castle : turret :: sea : beacon 3 beacon : sea :: turret : castle ○ 3 beacon : seen :: siren : heard ○ turret n. a little tower beatific adj. having a blissful appearance beatific <> dreadful beatitude : supreme blessedness or happiness beatitude <> misery 3 bedeck *○ to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion 3 bedeck <> strip ○ 3 bedecked <> unadorned ○ bedlam * n. a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive (=) 3 tumult, bedlam, riot <> serenity, stillness ○ tumultuous adj. marked by violent or overwhelming turbulence or upheaval serene adj. clear and free of storms or unpleasant 3 befitting ○ adj. SUITABLE, APPROPRIATE; 2 : PROPER, DECENT 3 befitting <> inappropriate ○ befriend to help; aid 3 befriend <> neglect, refuse to aid ○ befuddle to confuse; perplex; to stupefy with or as if with alcoholic drink befuddlement : understanding :: 3 befuddle : understand :: ○ begin begin <> conclude begrudge to give or concede reluctantly or with displeasure; 2 to look upon with disapproval begrudge <> grant beguile * to influence by trickery, flattery; mislead; delude; to charm or divert beguile <>neglect, disenchant, repel, disgust beguiling <> honest, straightforward, repulsive disenchant adj. free from illusion repel to cause aversion in : DISGUST repulsive adj. arousing aversion or disgust belabor to attack with blows; hit, beat, or whip; to assail verbally; 3. to discuss repeatedly or at length; harp on badger : bother :: belabor : mention (>) assert : belabor :: tend : fuss badger to harass or annoy persistently 3 beleaguer ○ to harass; beset to surround with troops; besiege beleaguer : vexation :: 3 beleaguer : vex :: ○
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3 beleaguer <> delight, mollify, soothe, gratify ○ beleaguered <> unharried, soothed, delighted, 3 gratified ○ gratify to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction to harry to torment by or as if by constant attack 3 belie * * ○ to picture falsely; misrepresent; to show to be false; to contradict belie <> affirm, aver, confirm, represent faithfully, 3 speak, state faithfully, attest ○ belie <> show to be true, correct, represent accurately, prove, be honest, prove, give an 3 accurate impression ○ belittle to represent or speak of as contemptibly small or unimportant; disparage to cause to seem less than another or little bellicose * * adj. warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (#) bellicose <> peaceful, appeasing, inclined to make 3 peace ○ 3 bellicose <> peaceable, , conciliatory, pacific ○ imperious adj. marked by arrogant assurance : DOMINEERING belligerent * * adj. inclined or eager to fight; hostile or aggressive obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive quarrelsome : belligerence :: (c) 3 belligerent : truculent :: ○ 3 belligerent : aggression :: penitent : contrition ○ belligerent : assertive :: submerge : buoyant 3 belligerent : assertive :: obsequious : servile ○ belligerent <> peaceful, peaceable, disposed of peace, conciliatory obsequious adj. subservient servile adj. meanly or cravenly submissive : ABJECT penitent adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses conciliate to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts truculent adj. aggressively self-assertive : BELLIGERENT 3 bellwether * n. LEADER ○ n. one that takes the lead or initiative also; an indicator of trends bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation bellwether : leadership :: advisor : guidance 3 bellwether <> follower ○ bemoan to express pity or grief for; to regard with displeasure, disapproval, or regret Ant. be happy, be joyous, exalt, gloat, praise, vaunt; approve, sanction, applaud Bemoan <> bemuse to make confused : BEWILDER; to occupy the attention of : ABSORB ant. clarify, elucidate, explain, illustrate, unravel bemused <>
3 bend ○ to constrain or strain to tension by curving; to bring (something) into a state of tension 3 bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant (#) ○ bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble (#) bend : rigid :: transgress : rule transgress to violate a command or law benediction 1. a blessing; 2. an invocation of divine blessing, usually at the end of a church service 3 benediction <> curse ○ 3 benefaction : philanthropist :: ○ 3 beneficent ○ adj. characterized by or performing acts of kindness or charity; beneficial 3 beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield ○ philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor benefactor <> 3 beneficence <> meanness ○ noxious, toxic <> beneficial mean adj. a : PENURIOUS, STINGY b : characterized by petty selfishness or malice c : causing trouble or bother : VEXATIOUS 3 benevolent ○ adj. characterized by or suggestive of doing good; of, concerned with, or organized for the benefit of charity 3 benevolent : meanness :: ○ benevolent : kindness :: hidebound : inflexibility 3 ○ malevolent <> benevolent, polite, benign, flattering, good 3 benevolent <> malevolent ○ benign adj. of a kind and gentle disposition; 2. showing gentleness and mildness; 3. tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable benignant * adj. favorable; beneficial; kind and gracious benignant <> noxious, toxic, vicious, harsh, 3 relentless, malevolent ○ benison n. a blessing; a benediction benison <>curse bent a : a strong inclination or interest : BIAS b : a special inclination or capacity : TALENT 2 : capacity of endurance bent <> ineptitude inept adj. lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH; generally incompetent : BUNGLING 3 benumb ○ to make inactive : DEADEN 3 benumbed : feel :: ○ bequeath n. bequest 1. (law) to leave or give (property) by will; to pass (something) on to another Ant. take, deprive, keep heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator bequeath <>
heirloom n. something of special value handed on from one generation to another 3 berate * ○ to scold or condemn vehemently and at length 3 berate <> commend, laud, praise ○ commend to mention with approbation : PRAISE berth n. a place to sit or sleep especially on a ship or vehicle : ACCOMMODATION to allot to (a vessel) a certain space at which to anchor or tie up ant. detach, let go, loosen, unfasten berth : sleep :: tub : bath berth <> beseech to address an earnest or urgent request to; implore; to request earnestly; beg for Ant. give, grant, offer, reply; deny, disclaim, recall, refuse, renounce, retract, revoke supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious beseech <> coquette n. a woman who endeavors without sincere affection to gain the attention and admiration of men flirt to behave amorously without serious intent beset to attack from all sides; to trouble persistently; harass; 3. to hem in; surround; 4. to stud, as with jewels besmirch to stain; sully; to make dirty; soil besmirch <> honor bestial adj. lacking intelligence or reason b : marked by base or inhuman instincts or desires bestial <> noble bestow to provide with quarters : PUT UP 3 bestow <> deprive, take, withhold, divest ○ divest to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title betray * * to give aid or information to an enemy of; commit treason against; to deliver into the hands of an enemy in violation of a trust or allegiance 3 (A is to violate betray : trust :: transgress : rule ○ B) 3 (go betray : trust :: transgress : boundary ○ beyond B) 3 betray <> be faithful, be loyal, keep secret ○ betrayal <> loyalty betray <> conceal transgress to violate a command or law; to go beyond a boundary or limit conceal to prevent disclosure or recognition of boundary n. something (as a line, point, or plane) that indicates or fixes a limit. 3 better * ○ to make more complete or perfect ; to surpass in excellence : EXCEL 3 better <> deteriorate, worsen, impair ○ better <> inferior, worse 3 bevy ○
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a large group or collection; a group of animals and especially quail together bevy : individual :: 3 bevy <> individual ○ bewail to express deep sorrow for usually by wailing and lamentation ant. be happy, be joyous, exalt, gloat, praise, vaunt 3 bewail <> exult, rejoice ○ gloat to observe or think about something with triumphant and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight vaunt to call attention to pride fully and often boastfully exult to be extremely joyful : REJOICE 3 bewilder ○ to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations 3 bewilderment <> enlightenment, clarification ○ 3 bewitching ○ to attract as if by the power of witchcraft : ENCHANT 3 bewitching : temptation :: baffling : confusion ○ 3 bewitching : captivation :: baffling : confusion ○ bewitch <> (ant. disenchant, disgust; deter; repel) disenchant to free from illusion 3 bibliography * ○ n. a list of the works of a specific author or publisher; a list of writings relating to a given subject list : bibliography :: painting : portrait (KIND) 3 (A is bibliography : publication :: roster : name ○ a list of B) roster n. a roll or list of personnel 3 bibliophile ○ n. a person who loves or collects books, esp. as examples of fine or unusual printing, binding, or the like 3 bibliophile : books :: epicure, gourmet : food ○ gourmet n. a connoisseur of food and drink; broadly : CONNOISSEUR epicure n. one with sensitive and discriminating tastes especially in food or wine bicker to engage in a petulant or petty quarrel; to move with a rapidly repeated noise ant. agree, concede, discuss, harmonize; ignore, overlook bicker <> 3 bifurcate ○ to divide into two parts or branches 3 bifurcate <> coalesce, converge ○ coalesce to unite into a whole : FUSE converge to tend or move toward one point or one another : come together : MEET 3 bigot ○ one who is strongly partial to one's own group, religion, race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: liar : honesty (LACK) bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (>)
3 (A bigoted : advice :: conservative : change ○ reject B ) 3 bigot : tolerant :: posturer : unaffected ○ (WITHOUT) bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan 3 bigot : tolerant :: liar : honest ○ bigoted <> disinterested, dispassionate bigotry <> (ant. broad-mindedness, fairness, openmindedness, tolerance; fairness, impartiality, justness; disinterest, impartiality, unenthusiasm) turncoat n. one who switches to an opposing side or party; TRAITOR posture n. an affected or unnatural attitude bile a. a yellow or greenish viscid alkaline fluid secreted by the liver ; b.ill temper; peevishness; inclination to anger insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver bile <> (ant. benevolence, friendliness, kindness, like, sympathy, thoughtfulness) 3 bilious * * ○ adj. suffering from, caused by, or attended by trouble with the bile or liver; peevish; irritable; cranky; extremely unpleasant or distasteful
guilt n. a feeling of responsibility for some offense, crime, wrong; self-reproach inculpate to incriminate; to charge with or show evidence or proof of involvement in a crime or fault blanch to take the color out of mottle <> blanch mottle to mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained bland 1. characterized by a moderate, unperturbed, or tranquil quality, especially; not irritating or stimulating; soothing; 2. dull and insipid pungency <> blandness tangy <> bland pungency n. state of causing a sharp or irritating sensation tangy n. a strong taste of flavor 3 blandishment * * n. ALLUREMENT ○ n. something that tends to coax or cajole blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede (tends 3 to B) ○ blandishment : cajole :: accolade : praise ::
3 bilious <> benign(1) cheerful(2) ○
3 demur : object (c) ○
3 bilious <> difficult to provoke, amiable ○ benign adj. a : showing kindness and gentleness; b : FAVORABLE, WHOLESOME
3 blandishment <> threat ○ cajole to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in the face of reluctance prevaricate , to stray from or evade the truth; equivocate ruse n. wily deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade
3 bilk * * ○ to defraud, cheat, or swindle; to evade payment of bilk <> pay in full, deal with earnest, be forthright, 3 be honest, help ○ bin n. a box, frame, crib, or enclosed place used for storage; to put into a bin bin <> (ant. squander, use, waste) biography 3 biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem (KIND) ○ bird bird : feathers :: fish : scales bird : snare : fish: seine snare n. a contrivance often consisting of a noose for entangling birds or mammals seine n. a large net with sinkers bit n. the biting or cutting edge or part of a tool bit : drill :: blade : razor 3 biting ○ bite to cause sharp pain or stinging discomfort to biting <> gentle, mild, kind, conciliatory, flattering, 3 feeble ○ blackout n. the concealment or extinguishment of lights that might be visible to enemy aircraft during an air raid. 3 blame ○ to hold responsible; to find fault with; censure; condemnation narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (A is to B oneself) 3 blame : inculpate :: (=)○ narcissism n. love for one's own body
blanket * to cover so as to obscure, interrupt, suppress, or extinguish 3 blanket <> denude, uncover ○ denude to strip of all covering or surface layers blase adj. uninterested because of frequent exposure or indulgence; unconcerned; nonchalant; very sophisticated miser : munificent :: zealot : blase (#) munificent adj. very liberal in giving, generous; showing great generosity blasé <> (ant. enthusiastic, excited ; fresh; compassionate, concerned, sympathetic) blandishment : coax :: medal : honor (A represent B) blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive :: 3 threat : intimidate ○ blandishment : coax :: ruse : deceive
blaspheme to speak of or address with irreverence; REVILE, ABUSE blasphemy ant. reverence, compliment, praise, honor, sanctification, loving blasphemy <> kindness(?) blast n. a violent gust of wind blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (>) whiff a quick puff or slight gust especially of air, odor, gas, smoke, or spray gush n. a sudden, copious outflow of a fluid trickle n. a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement
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3 blatant ○ adj. unpleasantly loud and noisy; totally or offensively conspicuous or obtrusive ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore (A is hard to B ) 3 blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting (c) ○ blatant <> inconspicuous, unimpressive, 3 unobtrusive, subtle ○ odious adj. arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure obtrusive adj. undesirably prominent blazon to publish widely : PROCLAIM; DISPLAY b : DECK, ADORN alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (#) blazon : adorn :: pillar : support blazon <> efface diffidence <> blazon diffident adj. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence bleach to remove the color from, as by means of chemical agents or sunlight; to make white or colorless desiccate : moisture :: bleach : color (A is to remove B) bleach <> mottle mottle to mark with spots or blotches of different color or shades of color as if stained bleeding tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding (A prevent B) hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness (=) lint : bleeding :: tourniquet n. a device (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to check bleeding brake n. a device for arresting or preventing the motion of a mechanism coagulate to cause to become viscous or thickened into a coherent mass : CURDLE, CLOT hemorrhage n. a copious discharge of blood from the blood vessels vertigo n. a dizzy confused state of mind lint n. a soft fleecy material made from linen usually by scraping 3 blemish ○ n. an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect 3 blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (#) ○ anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless (#) unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish (#) pristine : blemish :: paradigm n. EXAMPLE, PATTERN; especially : an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype pristine adj. not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization) : PURE blender n. an electric appliance for grinding or mixing 3 blight ○ to cause (a plant) to undergo blight; to have a deleterious effect on; ruin 3 blight <> flourish ○ blighted, barren <> grassy 3 , robust, unblemished, blighted <> hale, sound ○ thriving, lush hale adj. free from infirmity of illness; sound
lush adj. growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage blemish to spoil by a flaw blimp : a pompous, reactionary, ultra-nationalistic person blimp <> man of progressive ideas blink to look with too little concern ;to look with surprise or dismay blinking <> (ant. paying attention; dullness) 3 bliss * * ○ 1. extreme happiness; ecstasy; 2. the ecstasy of salvation; spiritual joy dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss 3 bliss <> anguish, agony, misery, sorrow ○ loathing adj. great dislike; abhorrence 3 blithe * ○ adj. carefree and lighthearted; lacking or showing a lack of due concern; casual 3 , irascible blithe <> grave ○ irascible adj. marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger blockade : the isolation of a nation, an area, a city, or a harbor by hostile ships or forces in order to prevent the entrance and exit of traffic and commerce filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce filibuster n. the use of extreme dilatory tactics in an attempt to delay or prevent action especially in a legislative assembly blowhard n. BRAGGART blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious blowhard <> (ant. deprecation, modesty) 3 blueprint ○ n. a detailed plan of action 3 blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course ○ edifice n. BUILDING; especially : a large or massive structure blunder : a gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage (A prevent B) protocol n. a detailed plan of a scientific or medical experiment, or procedure blunder <> (ant. accuracy, correction, fix, restitution; perfection ) 3 blunt ○ adj. having a dull edge or end; not sharp; abrupt and often disconcertingly frank in speech; slow to understand or perceive; dull; lacking in feeling; insensitive to make less sharp or definite slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness attenuate : strength :: blunt : sharpness 3 blunt <> whet ○ 3 blunt <> subtle, inconspicuous, unobtrusive ○ slacken to make less active : slow up whet to sharpen by rubbing on or with something blur
to make indistinct and hazy in outline or appearance; obscure; to smear or stain; smudge; 3. to lessen the perception of; dim blur : definition :: subjugate : independence (#) blur <> (ant.clear, uncloud, unsmudge;) subjugate to bring under control and governance as a subject : CONQUER 3 blurb ○ n. a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket) blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo :appearance (A is short version of 3 B )○ blurb <> (ant. secret; eloquence, volubility, loquacity) gloss a n. a brief explanation of a difficult or obscure word or expression cameo n. a usually brief literary or filmic piece that brings into delicate or sharp relief the character of a person, place, or event blurt * to utter abruptly and impulsively blurt : utter :: flit : move blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement :: yank : pull 3 (=) ○ conceal <> blurt utterance n. vocal expression : SPEECH bolt to move rapidly : DASH flit to move quickly from one condition or location to another conceal to prevent disclosure or recognition of 3 blush ○ to become red in the face, especially from modesty, embarrassment, or shame; flush blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement :: bow : respect :: shrug : indifference :: smile : pleasure blush : embarrass :: nod : approve :: yawn : 3 sleepiness ○ shrug to raise or draw in the shoulders especially to express aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty 3 bluster ○ to blow in loud, violent gusts, as the wind during a storm; to speak in a loudly arrogant or bullying manner; to brag or make loud, empty threats blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk bluster : loud :: pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless (c) 3 blustering <> smooth, suave, calm ○ pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way scoff to mock at or treat with derision derisive adj. expressing or causing derision drawl to speak with lengthen or drawn-out vowels prate to talk idly and at length; chatter suave smoothly though often superficially gracious and sophisticated boast to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way boast : pride :: complain : discontent (A show B) blowhard : boastful :: toady : obsequious boast <> belittle, depreciate, degrade, minimize 3 ○ blowhard adj. BRAGGART toady n. one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors : SYCOPHANT obsequious adj. marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
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boding : an omen or foreboding, especially of evil portent, omen auspicious <> boding boding <> bodyguard bodyguard : person :: soldier : country boggle to hesitate as if in fear or doubt to shy away or be overwhelm with fright or astonishment 3. to botch; bungle Ant. Bore, calm, expect; accomplish; achieve, succeed; enlighten; face 3 boggle <> embolden ○ bogus adj. factitious, fictitious, specious, apocryphal 3 bogus <> authentic, genuine ○ boisterous ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS; 1. rough and stormy; violent; 2. loud, noisy, and lacking in restraint or discipline boisterous <> quiet 3 bolster * ○ to support with or as if with a bolster bolster : support :: leash : restrain :: tackle : hoist 3 (A is a tool for B) ○ adulterant : pure :: bolster, brace : weak (#) bolster : strength, support :: whet : sharpness ( A increase B) 3 bolster : collapse :: shield : damage ○ thwart <> foment, foster, bolster bolster <> decrease support of, undermine, 3 thwart ○ tackle n. an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling brace to make stronger : REINFORCE thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of foment to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE bolt n. lock; ant. Key v. to run quickly away; ant. Stay, wait v. to fasten securely; ant. Loosen, open v. to eat very fast; ant. Dawdle (delay) blurt : utterance :: bolt : movement (A is fast B) bolt <> (ant. pause, slow, walk) 3 bombast * ○ n. grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing bombast : pompous :: tirade : critical nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole nonsensical : drivel :: critical : tirade bombast <> down to earth language bombastic <> understated, unpretentious, humble, restrained, subtle bombastic <> unaffected, unimpassioned, 3 understated ○ pompous adj. having or exhibiting selfimportance : ARROGANT tirade n. a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, vituperative, or harshly censorious language critical adj. inclined to criticize severely and unfavorably
drivel n. childish, silly, or meaningless talk or thinking; nonsense; twaddle down to earth adj. PRACTICAL; 2 : UNPRETENTIOUS 3 bondage ○ n. a state of being bound usually by compulsion (as of law or mastery) 3 bondage <> unfetter ○ unfetter to EMANCIPATE, LIBERATE bone bone : body :: girder : skyscraper bonhomie : a pleasant and affable disposition; geniality genial, congenial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact (=) bonhomie : good natured :: congenial adj. SOCIABLE, GENIAL tact adj. a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense
bonus bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier decoration n. a badge of honor (as a U.S. military award) boo n. a shout of disapproval or contempt ant. Agreement, approval, endorsement, sanction; be nice, praise bookworm : one who spends much time reading or studying bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat boon n. something to be thankful for; blessing boon <> misfortune boor * n. PEASANT; a rude or insensitive person insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton insensible : boor :: stingy : miser boor <> civil person boorish <> genteel imp n. a mischievous child sagacity n. the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simpleton n. a person lacking in common sense genteel adj. free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence, splendid :: convoluted : complexity :: sedulous : 3 assiduous (=)○ bootless : futile :: interesting : intriguing (=) bootless : futility :: empty : void futile adj. serving no useful purpose : completely ineffective effulgent adj. (radiant) shining brilliantly; resplendent adj. (brilliant) splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant bore to pierce with a turning or twisting movement of a tool die : shaping :: drill : boring food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom (A remove B) entrance <> disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore die n. : a small cube marked on each face with from one to six spots entrance to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture repel to cause aversion in : DISGUST repulse to repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial bottleneck 1. a. a narrow or obstructed section. as of a highway or a Pipeline; b. a point or an area of traffic congestion; 2. a hindrance to progress or production; 3. the narrow part of a bottle near the top Ant. Aid, assist expedite, liberate; opening bossy inclined to domineer : DICTATORIAL bossy <> (ant. democratic, docile, passive) bough : a tree branch, especially a large or main branch boulder n. a detached and rounded or much-worn mass of rock bound boundless : limit :: impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile boundless : excessive :: interminable : lengthy (>) boundless : extensive :: interminable : lengthy boundless <> limited boundary <> unrestrained bound <> lengthy adj. protracted excessively : OVERLONG
3 book : library :: document/file : archive ○
bouquet bouquet : flower :: constellation : star :: woodpile : logs (A is cluster of B)
3 boor ○ a rude or insensitive person
bow bow : violin :: stick : drum
book
3 boor : insensitive :: imp : mischievous ○ 3 boorish : sensitivity :: indecorous : propriety ○ 3 boor <> civil person ○ 3 boorish <> genteel ○ imp n. a mischievous child : URCHIN indecorous adj. conflicting with accepted standards of good conduct or good taste genteel adj. free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE 3 bootless * * adj. USELESS, UNPROFITABLE ○ adj. without advantage or benefit
bowl bowl : receptacle : bicycle : vehicle bowdlerize to expurgate (as a book) by omitting or modifying parts considered vulgar; to modify by abridging, simplifying, or distorting in style or content bowdlerize <> allow, approve, endorse, permit box to fight with the fists box : fight :: debate : argue (=) boycott
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to engage in a concerted refusal to have dealings with usually to express disapproval or to force acceptance of certain conditions boycott <>patronize patronize to provide aid or support bracing : giving strength, vigor, or freshness bracing vapid, denouncing vapid brace <> (ant. debilitate, exhaust)
bracket n. a fixture (as for holding a lamp) projecting from a wall or column buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress n. a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building brackish : not appealing to the taste; distasteful; unpalatable brackish : repulsive :: brackish <> (ant. nice, pleasing, soothing) repulsive adj. arousing aversion or disgust braggart n. one given to loud, empty boasting; a bragger; blowhard toady : obsequious :: blowhard, braggart : boastful braggart <> brag <> (ant. be humble, deprecate, be modest; minimize; conceal) toady n. one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors : SYCOPHANT braided adj. made by intertwining three or more strands grooved : striating :: braided : stranded (=) grooved 홈(a long narrow channel or depression)이 파진 3 brake * ○ 3 brake : speed :: moratorium : activity ○ divert : shunt :: retard : brake (=) brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress moratorium n. a suspension of activity divert to turn from one course or use to another : DEFLECT shunt to divert (blood) from one part to another by a surgical shunt retard to delay academic progress by failure to promote clamp n. a device designed to bind or constrict or to press two or more parts together so as to hold them firmly brash 1. a. hasty and unthinking; impetuous; b. rash; 2. lacking in sensitivity or tact; 3. presumptuously forward; impudent ;4. brittle frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate brash <> (ant. afraid, careful, cautious, discreet, fearful, reserved; meek, quiet, reticent, retiring, shy, timid, timorous; careful, cautious, circumspect, humble, prudent) frivolous adj. lacking in seriousness subterfuge n. deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade deliberate adj. slow, unhurried, and steady as though allowing time for decision on each individual action involved
3 brassy * ○ adj. being shamelessly bold; OBSTREPEROUS; vulgar, loud to the senses ant. careful, cautious, circumspect, humble, prudent brassy <> reticent, reluctant brassy, open, forthright <> diffident, unassertive, furtive, humble, reserved brassy <> diffident, demure, humble, meek, deferential, abashed, unobtrusive, reticent, 3 reluctant ○ diffident adj. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence furtive adj. done by stealth : SURREPTITIOUS brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous tightfisted adj. reluctant to part with money bravado 1. a. defiant or swaggering behavior; b. a pretense of courage; a false show of bravery 2. a disposition toward showy defiance or false expression of courage courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness swagger : bravado :: caress : affection fulsome adj. excessively complimentary or flattering : EFFUSIVE caress n. a gentle touch or gesture of fondness, tenderness, or love swagger n. arrogant or conceitedly self-assured behavior bravura n. (music) a. brilliant technique or style in performance bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance bravura : performance :: elaboration : oration resplendent adj. splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant 3 brazen * ○ adj. marked by contemptuous boldness; impudent brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive (=) risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness 3 brazen <> modest, self-effacing, diffident, shy ○ diffidence <> brazenness impudent adj. characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent risible adj. arousing or provoking laughter; especially : LAUGHABLE self-effacing adj. not drawing attention to oneself; modest diffidence n. timidity or shyness breach infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard; 2 a : a broken, ruptured, or torn condition or area b : a gap (as in a wall) made by battering; 3 a : a break in accustomed friendly relations b : a temporary gap in continuity : HIATUS breach : continuity :: disturb : repose (A spoils B) breach <> solder solder n. a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join metallic surfaces; to become united or repaired by or as if by solder 3 breezeway ○
n. a roofed often open passage connecting two buildings 3 breezeway : building :: stairway : floor ○ 3 brevity * ○ n. shortness of duration; especially : shortness or conciseness of expression brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature (c) brevity : epigram :: exaggeration : caricature :: 3 condemnation : philippic ○ 3 brevity <> lengthiness ○ aphorism n. a concise statement of a principle epigram n. a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically with a single thought or event philippic n. a discourse or declamation full of bitter condemnation : TIRADE 3 bribe * ○ n. 1. something, such as money or a favor, offered or given to a person in a position of trust to influence that person's views or conduct; 2. something serving to influence or persuade bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible (A is not 3 to B) ○ 3 bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible ○ incorruptible adj. incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted insensible adj. lacking emotional response : APATHETIC, INDIFFERENT 3 brick ○ 3 brick : mason :: wood : carpenter ○ mason n. a skilled worker who builds by laying units of substantial material 3 bridle ○ n. a length of line or cable attached to two parts of something to spread the force of a pull; CURB, RESTRAINT 3 bridled <> without restraint ○ bridle <> (ant. let go, release, set free; aid, allow, assist, expedite, help, indulge, liberate, permit) brilliance n. , (brightness); , n. exceptional clarity and agility of intellect or invention brilliance <> dullness brine n. water saturated or strongly impregnated with common salt brine <> (ant. blandness, tastelessness, indistinctness; banality; insipidity) brisk 1. marked by speed, liveliness, and vigor; energetic; 2. keen or sharp in speech or manner 3. stimulating and invigorating; 4. pleasantly zestful ponderous <> lively, vibrant, brisk ponderous adj. oppressively or unpleasantly dull : LIFELESS vibrant adj. pulsating with life, vigor, or activity 3 bristle ○ to raise the bristles (as in anger); to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance (as in response to a slight) bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution, indecision 3 (B is character of A) ○ bristle <> cower cower to cringe in fear
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vacillate to waver in mind, will, or feeling : hesitate in choice of opinions or courses irresolute adj. uncertain how to act or proceed
bruit to spread news of; repeat bruit <> keep secret
brittle adj. easily broken, cracked, or snapped; PERISHABLE, MORTAL b : TRANSITORY, EVANESCENT; easily hurt or offended : SENSITIVE manifest : perceive :: brittle : break (A is easy to B)
brush brush : painting : chisel : sculpture
broach 1. a. to bring up (a subject) for discussion or debate; to announce; to pierce in order to draw off liquid broach <> bring off, close off bring off to carry to a successful conclusion : ACHIEVE, ACCOMPLISH 3 broaden ○ broaden : width :: compact, condense : density (A increase B) width : broad :: weight : heavy (A measure how B is) 3 bromide ○ n. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude; a tiresome person; a bore; a commonplace or hackneyed statement or notion bromide : hackneyed :: equivocation : misleading 3 (B is character of A) ○ bromide <> unhackneyed speech hackneyed adj. over familiar through overuse; trite brood n. a group of baby birds that were born at the same time to the same mother v. to think anxiously or gloomily about : PONDER herd : animal :: brood : offspring (?) brood <> (ant. calm, comfort, soothe; strengthen, be happy; neglect) herd n. a large group of animals of one kind that live together offspring a person’s children or to an animal’s young bevy (a group of people all together in one place), covey ( a small group of grouse, a wild bird), flight (a group of birds) , gaggle (a group of noisy people); brood, hatch, litter (a group f animals born to the same mother); shoal (a large group of fish), school (a large group of fish moving through water together), swarm (a large group of bees or insects), group, company. FLOCK, DROVE, HERD, PACK refer to a company of animals, often under the care or guidance of someone. FLOCK is the popular term, which applies to groups of animals, esp. of sheep or goats, and companies of birds: DROVE is esp. applied to a number of oxen, sheep, or swine when driven in a group. HERD is usually applied to large animals such as cattle, originally meaning those under the charge of someone. PACK applies to a number of animals kept together or keeping together for offense or defense: a pack of hounds kept for hunting; a pack of wolves. brook to stand for; tolerate brook <> refuse to tolerate browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech; bully instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat (B is character of A)
3 brusque ○ adj. markedly short and abrupt; blunt in manner or speech often to the point of ungracious harshness brusqueness : tactful :: brusqueness : unctuous :: brusque <> considerate, courteous, gracious 3 brusque <> unctuous ○ tact n. a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offense unctuous adj. full of unction; especially : revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality 3 brutal *○ adj. grossly ruthless or unfeeling ; CRUEL, COLDBLOODED;HARSH, SEVERE; unpleasantly accurate and incisive brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : lucidity :: 3 enigmatic : elucidation (#)○ brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : elucidation brutal <> (ant. generous, humane, kind, nice) brute <> (ant. urbane) urbane adj. notably polite or finished in manner : POLISHED enigmatic adj. mysterious buck to make sudden jerky movements; jolt; to resist stubbornly and obstinately; balk buck <> assent to 3 bucolic *○ adj. of or characteristic of the countryside or its people; rustic; of or characteristic of shepherds or flocks; pastoral palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis (#) 3 bucolic <> urban, sophisticated ○ palatial adj. suitable to a palace : MAGNIFICENT hovel n. a small, wretched, and often dirty house : HUT 3 budge ○ to move or stir slightly; to give way: YIELD palter : candor :: budge : diehard 3 budge : diehard :: predict : vagary ○ vagary : predict :: diehard : budge (#) budge <> palter to act insincerely or deceitfully : EQUIVOCATE diehard adj. strongly or fanatically determined or devoted vagary n. an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, action, or notion 3 budget ○ n. the amount of money that is available for, required for, or assigned to a particular purpose 3 budget : earmark :: time : schedule ○ earmark to designate (as funds) for a specific use or owner buff to polish or shine with a piece of soft material. buff : lustrous :: strengthen : fortified (=)
buff <> (ant. dull, tarnish) lustrous adj. reflecting light evenly and efficiently without glitter or sparkle fortify to give physical strength, courage, or endurance to c to add mental or moral strength to : ENCOURAGE buffoon n. : CLOWN ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag inexperience : neophyte :: ludicrous : buffoon dissolute adj. lacking restraint; especially : marked by indulgence in things (as drink or promiscuous sex) libertine n. a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality wag n. with, joker neophyte n. novice, tyro, beginner 3 bugle ○ n. a brass wind instrument somewhat shorter than a trumpet and lacking keys or valves. 3 bugle : horn :: cleaver : knife (kind) ○ bugle <> cleaver n. a butcher's implement for cutting animal carcasses into joints or pieces 3 bulge ○ n. a protruding part; an outward curve or swelling; a sudden, usually temporary increase in number or quantity 3 bulge : protuberant :: spike : pointed ○ bulge <> depressed region protuberant adj. thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface often as a rounded mass; prominent 3 bully ○ n. one habitually cruel to others who are weaker instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat 3 bully : intimidation :: stupid : gullibility ○ 3 bully : intimidation :: sabotage : subvertness ○ bully : scare :: instigator : incite :: sabotage : subversion bully : scare :: instigator : incite :: sabotage : 3 subvert ○ underdog <> bully intimidate to make timid or fearful : FRIGHTEN gullible adj. easily duped or cheated sabotage n. destructive or obstructive action carried on by a civilian or enemy agent to hinder a nation's war effort; deliberate subversion subvert to destroy its power and influence bumper n. a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage (A prevent B) 3 bumptious *○ adj. presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive : OBTRUSIVE dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness (#) dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness :: dour : geniality bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (>) bumptious : assertive :: meticulous : careful :: 3 garish : colorful ○
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bumptious <> humble, restrained, withdrawn, 3 subdued ○ bumptious adj. presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive dour adj. marked by sternness or harshness; gloomy bungalow n. a small house or cottage usually having a single story and sometimes an additional attic story 3 bungalow : building :: portrait : painting ○ 3 bungle *○ to act or work clumsily and awkwardly; to work or act ineptly or inefficiently; to handle badly; botch n. a clumsy or inept performance; a botch bungle : clumsiness :: dissemble : 3 disingenuousness(c) ○ 3 bungler : ineptitude :: ○ bungle <> bring off, do well, succeed, manage bring off to carry to a successful conclusion : ACHIEVE, ACCOMPLISH dissemble to hide under a false appearance bureau n. WRITING DESK; one having drawers and a slant top drawer : bureau :: trunk : tree (part) 3 buoy ○ to keep afloat or aloft; 2. a. to maintain at a high level; support 3 buoyed <> unsupported ○ 3 buoyant * * ○ 1. having or marked by buoyancy; 2. lighthearted; gay bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant :: dissolve : insoluble (B is hard to A) buoyance : float :: resilience : recover (plod : fatigue ) (A is easy to B) 3 buoyant : float :: heavy : droop (A is easy to B) ○ buoyant : sink, submerge :: insoluble : dissolve :: taut : sag :: rigid : bend reliable : fail :: buoyant : sink buoyant <> sinkable, sinking, submerged; leaden, ponderous; aggrieved, depressed, hangdog, 3 lethargic ○ resilience n. an ability to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change droop to sink gradually insoluble adj. incapable of being dissolved in a liquid taut adj. kept in proper order or condition sag to droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness hangdog adj. sad, dejected aggrieve to give pain or trouble to : DISTRESS leaden adj. oppressively heavy b : SLUGGISH c : lacking spirit or animation 3 burgeon * ○ to grow and expand rapidly grow : burgeon :: beat : palpitate (<) burgeon <> wither, subdue, waste away, subside, 3 want ○ 3 burgeoning <> waning, wasting away ○ palpitate to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB wither to lose vitality, force, or freshness subdue to reduce the intensity or degree of : tone down
wan to grow or become pale or sickly subside to become quiet or less burial to inter with funeral ceremonies inter : burial :: obliterate : removal inter to place in a grave or tomb; bury obliterate to remove utterly from recognition or memory 3 burlesque * ○ n. mockery usually by caricature 3 burlesque : mockery :: diatribe : abuse ○ doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play burlesque <> (ant. exalt, praise, flatter; truth) diatribe n. a prolonged discourse; a bitter and abusive speech or writing doggerel adj. loosely styled and irregular in measure especially for burlesque or comic effect 3 burly ○ adj. strongly and heavily built : HUSKY; heartily direct and frank : BLUFF burly <> skinny, slim, thin, tiny, little, weak, 3 delicate, puny ○ puny adj. slight or inferior in power, size, or importance : WEAK 3 burnish * * ○ to make smooth or glossy by or as if by rubbing; polish numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous 3 burnish : dull :: mar : flawless (#)○ 3 burnish : lackluster : plane : rough ○
3 buttress * ○ n. a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building v. to SUPPORT, STRENGTHEN buttress : wall :: strut : wing (A support B) buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf buttress : edifice, building :: splint : limb :: splint : 3 fracture ○ aegis : protection :: buttress : support buttress <> contravene, challenge strut n. a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length edifice n. BUILDING; especially : a large or massive structure splint n. material or a device used to protect and immobilize a body part limb n. a leg or arm of a human being fracture n. the result of fracturing : BREAK aegis n. protection contravene to oppose in argument : CONTRADICT bygone adj. PAST, OUTMODED byline n. a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine, or book giving the writer's name newspaper : byline :: letter : signature (play : script ) article : byline :: movie : credits Byzantine 1. of, relating to, or characterized by intrigue; scheming or devious 2. highly complicated; intricate and involved byzantine <> straightforward
3 burnish : lustrous :: numb : insensible ○ 3 burnish <> lackluster, dull ○ burnish <> dull lackluster adj. lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull plane adj. having no elevations or depressions : FLAT burrow ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern cavern n. CAVE; especially one of large or indefinite extent bus bus : passengers :: tanker : liquid 3 bustle ○ to move briskly and often ostentatiously (showy) 3 bustle <> calm, peace, stillness, orderliness ○ orderly adj. well behaved : PEACEFUL busybody n. a person who meddles or pries into the affairs of others ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusiveness : ardent : zeal intrusive adj. intruding where one is not welcome or invited butt to thrust or push head foremost; strike with the head or horns butt : head :: nudge : elbow nudge to touch or push gently butter n. butter : margarine :: sugar : saccharin
C 3 cabal ○ n. a conspiratorial group of plotters or intriguers; a secret scheme or plot 3 cabal : association :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) ○ cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator cabal : crime :: coterie : interest plot n. a secret plan to accomplish a hostile or illegal purpose coterie n. an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose cache n. a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of valuables cache : hidden, hoard :: summit : inaccessible summit n. TOP, APEX; the highest point : PEAK hoard n. a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away cachet a mark or a quality, as of distinction, individuality, or authenticity; a seal on a document, such as a letter cachet <> mark of disapprobation 3 cackle ○ to laugh especially in a harsh or sharp manner ant. be silent; cry; be gloomy 3 cackle : laugh :: ○ cackle <> 3 cacophony * ○ harsh or discordant sound
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cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent :: glare : light
calcify <> make, become malleable, pliant, or
3 ○ cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl malodorous : smell :: cacophony, jarring : sound fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound
3 flexible ○ malleable adj. having a capacity for adaptive change
3 cacophony <> euphony, harmony ○ cacophonous <> dulcet, euphonious, mellifluous 3 ○ glare n. a harsh uncomfortably bright light gaucherie n. an awkward or tactless act, manner, or expression genteel adj. elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape churl n. a rude ill-bred person; a stingy morose person fetid adj. having an offensive odor cadent adj. being in the process of falling; rhythmical; descending; falling cadent <> arrhythmic arrhythmic adj. lacking rhythm or regularity cadet a student at a military school who is training to be an officer; a. a younger son or brother cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog cadge to beg or obtain by begging; to ask someone for food or cigarettes because you do not have any or do not want to pay ant. give, return, lend, pay cadge <> earn (?) 3 cagey ○ wary of being trapped or deceived : SHREWD 3 caginess <> incautiousness ○ caisson n. a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse-drawn limber chevron : badge :: caisson : cart (KIND) 3 cajole * ○ to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery; cajole; to obtain by persistent persuasion cajole : hesitation :: clarity : misunderstanding (if B, 3 it is hard to A) ○ blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion cajolery : reluctance, hesitation :: clarification : misunderstanding wheedle to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile extort to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation coerce to bring about by force or threat 3 calamitous * ○ being, causing, or accompanied by calamity; disastrous 3 calamitous <> felicific, felicitous ○ felicific adj. causing or intended to cause happiness 3 calcify * ○ to make inflexible or unchangeable calcium : mineral :: sugar : carbohydrate calcification <> flexibility
calf the young of the domestic cow; an awkward or silly youth 3 calibrate ○ to check, adjust, or determine by comparison with a standard; to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by determining the deviation from a standard measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth measure : dimensions :: gauge : pressure 3, calibrated <> unstandardized ○ unsubstantialized calligrapher one who writes a beautiful bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food (calligrapher : handwriting ) calligraphy : scribble :: sonnet : doggerel doggerel adj. loosely styled and irregular in measure especially for burlesque or comic effect 3 callous * ○ adj. having calluses; toughened; emotionally hardened; unfeeling callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity callous : moved :: callous : compassion :: 3 callous <> sympathetic, compassionate ○ compassionate (sympathetic) feeling or showing compassion; sympathetic 3 callow ○ adj. IMMATURE, GREENHORN n. a lacking adult sophistication frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity (#) callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced :: 3 capricious : deliberate ○ 3 callow : mature :: apoplectic : calm ○ callow : mature :: expertise : green (#) callow : maturity :: experience : green :: pelf : impecunious apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature 3 callow <> behaving with sophistication, mature ○ greenhorn n. an inexperienced or unsophisticated person green adj. not ripened or matured : IMMATURE pelf n. wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired impecunious adj. lacking money; penniless apoplectic adj. greatly agitated callus n. a thickening of or a hard thickened area on skin or bark gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B makes A) gully n. a trench which was orig. worn in the earth by running water and through which water often runs after rains calorie power : watt :: heat : calorie :: sound : decibel :: electricity : volt heat : calorie :: liquid : gallons :: distance : odometer 3 calm ○
3 calm : agitation :: lull : vigilance (if B, hard A) ○ 3 calmness : frenzy : abandon : inhibition (#) ○ lull n. a temporary calm before or during a storm vigilant adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger frenzy n. a violent mental or emotional agitation abandon to give (oneself) over unrestrainedly inhibition n. something that forbids, debars, or restricts calumny * * n. a false statement maliciously made to injure another's reputation; the utterance of maliciously false statements; slander corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony 3 calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony ○ calumny <> approbation, eulogy, flattering, praise calumniate <> vindicate 3 calumnious <>flattering, praise ○ corroborate to support with evidence or authority perjury n. false swearing 3 camaraderie ○ n. a spirit of friendly good-fellowship 3 camaraderie, comity <> enmity ○ comity n. an atmosphere of social harmony enmity deep-seated, often mutual hatred 3 cameo *○ n. a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell; a brief but dramatic appearance of a prominent actor, as in a single scene of a motion picture cameo : sculpture :: peccadillo : offense :: knoll : 3 hill (A is a small B) ○ blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance (A is a brief B) 3 cameo <> leading role ○ knoll n. a small round hill : MOUND 3 camouflage ○ n. the method or result of concealing personnel or equipment from an enemy by making them appear to be part of the natural camouflage : location :: code : meaning (A is 3 secret B) ○ camouflage : location :: mask : face camouflage : deception :: flattery : ingratiating (c) 3 ○ camouflage : detection :: disguise : identification 3 ○ 3 camouflage : detection :: malinger : duty ○ mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection (PURPOSE) (guessing) ballast : stable :: camouflage : indiscernible 3 camouflage <> exposure, make conspicuous ○ code n. a system of symbols used to represent assigned and often secret meanings ingratiate to gain favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to avoid duty or work ballast n. something that gives stability indiscernible adj. not recognizable as distinct 3 canard ○ n. an unfounded or false, deliberately misleading story
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3 aspersion : discredit :: canard : deceive ○ aspersion n. the act of uttering false charges or misrepresentations maliciously calculated to damage another's reputation 3 candid ○ adj. free from bias, prejudice, or malice; marked by honest sincere expression candid : ingenuousness :: (#) 3 candid <> disingenuous ○ ingenuous adj. lacking craft or subtlety candidate roster : personnel :: slate : candidate ballot : candidates :: (A votes B) roster n. a roll or list of personnel ballot to vote or decide by ballot 3 candor ○ n. freedom from prejudice or malice palter : candor :: budge : diehard (B is not to A) disingenuous : candor :: (#) candor : subterfuge :: brashness : 3 deliberation(without)○ palter : candor :: betray : loyalty candor <> artifice, mendacity palter to act insincerely or deceitfully budge to give way : YIELD subterfuge n. a deceptive stratagem or device brash adj. audacious artifice adj. clever or artful skill : INGENUITY mendacious adj. given to or characterized by deception or falsehood or divergence from absolute truth candle candle : wax : tire : rubber
adj. hypocritical ant. forthrightness, honesty, righteousness, sincerity, truth cant <> cantankerous adj. ill-tempered and quarrelsome; disagreeable; difficult to handle 3 canvas ○ 3 canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor ○ easel : canvas :: tripod : camera canvass to examine (votes) officially for authenticity; DISCUSS, DEBATE exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass canvas : painter : marble : sculptor poll n. a questioning or canvassing of persons selected at random or by quota to obtain information or opinions to be analyzed canyon n. a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a stream flowing through it ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern burrow a hole or excavation in the ground made by an animal (as a rabbit) for shelter and habitation cavern n. one of large or indefinite extent capacious adj. capable of containing a large quantity; spacious or roomy ant. confined, cramped, small, squeezed ;insufficient, meager; limited capacious <>
3 candy : sugar :: tire : rubber○
3 capitulate * * ○ to surrender under specified conditions; to give up all resistance; acquiesce
3 cane * *○ n. walking stick cane : walk :: glasses : see :: glasses : myopia (A
3 capitulate : resist :: (#)○ capitulate <> resist, oppose, stand firm, fight, 3 defend, withhold ○ capitulation <> resistance
candy
3 supports B) ○ myopia n. a lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of something 3 canon ○ an accepted principle or rule; the authentic works of a writer religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited canon <> apocrypha 3 canonical <> nontraditional, heterodox ○ 3 canonize ○ to attribute authoritative sanction or approval to canonize <> debase, vilify, forbid, condemn, 3 disrespect○ apocrypha n. writings or statements of dubious authenticity forbid adj. ACCURSED; damnable; liable to or deserving condemnation conform to be obedient or compliant 3 canopy ○ n. a cloth covering suspended over a bed 3 canopy : cover :: tag : identify (function) ○ cant
3 caprice * * ○ n. an impulsive change of mind; an inclination to change one's mind impulsively; a sudden, unpredictable action, change, or series of caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: 3 discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning ○ capricious : whim (c) capricious : constancy :: (A lack B) impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation caprice : deliberate :: insubordinate : submissive capricious : deliberation :: nugatory : worth :: 3 unswerving : vacillation (without) ○ 3 caprice : predict :: impossible : (B is not A) ○ capricious : change :: (A is easy to B) caprice : whim :: objective : fact caprice : whimsical :: perspicacity : acute caprice : whimsical :: insight, foresight : prudent :: effulgence : resplendent capricious <> constant, deliberate, pertinacious, 3 resolute, steadfast ○ caprice <>confirmation nugatory adj. of little or no consequence : TRIFLING, INCONSEQUENTIAL unswerving adj. steady, unfaltering objective adj. expressing or dealing with facts perspicacious adj. of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN
effulgence n. brilliance resplendent adj. shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious captious adj. marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections captious : please :: captious <> tolerant 3 captivate ○ to attract and hold by charm, beauty, or excellence 3 captivate <> repulse ○ repulse to repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial 3 captor ○ n. one that has captured a person or thing capture to take captive; to gain control of especially by force 3 captor <>liberator ○ cardinal adj. of foremost importance; paramount; (color) dark to deep or vivid red cardinal <> minor 3 carefree ○ adj. free of worries and responsibilities ant. anxious, heavyhearted, troubled, worried carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility 3 (LACK) ○ carefree <> 3 careless ○ adj. free from care : UNTROUBLED , INDIFFERENT, UNCONCERNED 3 careless <> circumspect, discreetness○ caret n. a wedge-shaped mark made on written or printed matter to indicate the place where something is to be inserted caret : insertion :: comma : pause 3 caretaker * ○ n. one that temporarily performs the duties of an office custodian ant. one that performs a continual or permanent duties 3 caretaker <> permanent (?) ○ 3 careworn ○ adj. showing the effect of grief or anxiety 3 careworn <> lighthearted, fresh, healthy ○ caret n. a proofreading symbol(^) used to indicate where something is to be inserted in a line of printed or written matter caret : insertion :: comma : pause caricature : exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature caricature : presentation ::
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illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist satire n. : trenchant wit, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly 3 carnal ○ adj. relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and appetites; worldly or earthly; temporal; of or relating to the body or flesh; bodily 3 carnal <> spiritual, intangible ○ tangible adj. capable of being appraised at an actual or approximate value crutch n. a support typically fitting under the armpit for use by the disabled in walking crutch : walk :: glasses : see 3 carouse * * ○ to engage in boisterous, drunken merrymaking; to drink excessively n. boisterous, drunken merrymaking; a carousal 3 roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw ○ 3 carouse <> behave soberly ○ roister to engage in noisy revelry : CAROUSE recluse adj. marked by withdrawal from society : SOLITARY sober adj. sparing in the use of food and drink : ABSTEMIOUS carp to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully ant. ignore; applaud, approve, praise caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious complain : carp :: drink : guzzle carp <> cavil to raise trivial and frivolous objection libertine n. a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality licentious adj. lacking legal or moral restraints; especially guzzle to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually 3 carpenter * ○ to put together often in a mechanical manner ant. demolish, destroy, dismantle, knock down, raze, ruin, take down carpentry : craft :: wood : carpenter :: brick : mason 3 trade : carpentry :: clothing : outfit (KIND) ○ carpentry <> trade an occupation requiring manual or mechanical skill 3 cartographer ○ n. one that makes maps cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing :: weaver : 3 cloth :: lexicographer : dictionary ○ lexicographer n. an author or editor of a dictionary carve 1. a. to divide into pieces by cutting; slice b. to divide by parceling out to cut into a desired shape; fashion by cutting 3. to make or form by or as if by cutting 4. to decorate by cutting and shaping carefully carve : turkey :: slice : cake carve <> 3 cascade * ○ to fall, pour, or rush in or as if in a cascade (waterfall)
3 cascade <> trickle, drip ○ cascade :: trickle, drip :: (#) trickle to fall in drops 3 cast *○ n. the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a certain role to (an actor) 3 appoint : official :: cast : actor ○ cast : actor :: cabal : conspirator :: choir : singer :: 3 corporation : employee ○ cast : actor :: company : employee letter : signature :: playbill : cast :: playbill : actor :: recipe : ingredient (A have B) cabal n. a group engaged in such artifices and intrigues playbill n. a poster announcing a theatrical performance 3 castigate * ○ to inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior :: blasphemy : irreverence (>) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial :: loathing : dislike (>) castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (>) peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation castigate <> extol, flatter, highly praise, commend, 3 admire, accolade ○ castigation <> approbation, flatter, accolade, extol blasphemy n. the act of insulting or showing contempt or lack of reverence for God irreverence n. dishonor reprove to voice or convey disapproval of denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil casting down adj. downcast; low in spirit : DEJECTED ant. ecstatic, elated, euphoric, exultant, jubilant casting down <> elated adj. marked by high spirits : EXULTANT exultant adj. filled with or expressing great joy or triumph : JUBILANT castle castle : turret :: sea : beacon casual adj. feeling or showing little concern : NONCHALANT ant. affected, perturbed, anxious, concerned, attentive casual <> catalyze to BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE; to alter significantly by catalysis enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create supervisor : oversight :: catalyst : initiate catalyze <> inhibit, retard, prevent catalyst <> prevention, inhibitor enzyme n. biochemical catalyst 3 catastrophe ○ n. a great, often sudden calamity;. a complete failure; a fiasco; the concluding action of a drama, especially a classical tragedy, following the climax and containing a resolution of the plot; a sudden violent change in the earth's surface; a cataclysm catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : 3 embarrassment (>) ○
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic (c) mishap n. an unfortunate accident catch catch : fish :: harvest : grain 3 categorical * ○ ABSOLUTE, UNQUALIFIED adj. being without exception or qualification; absolute; of or relating to a category or categories; ing to or using categories 3 categorical <> qualified, conditional ○ cater to provide food or entertainment; to supply what is required or desired caterwaul to make a harsh cry; to quarrel noisily cathedral n. a church that is the official seat of a diocesan bishop 3 catholic ○ of broad or liberal scope; comprehensive; including or concerning all humankind; universal 3 catholic <> narrow ○ caucus a group of people united to promote an agreedupon cause caucus <> cause to effect by command, authority, or force cause <> 3 caustic * ○ adj. capable of burning, corroding, dissolving, or eating away by chemical action; corrosive and bitingly trenchant; cutting; causing a burning or stinging sensation, as from intense emotion 3 barb : caustic :: pan : harsh ○ 3 caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry ○ 3 caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve (FUNCTION) ○ caustic : burn : tincture : stain caustic <> palliating, genial, smooth, kind, innocuous, mild, pliant, sweet, conciliatory, savory, 3 mollifying, anticorrosive ○ barb n. a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment pan n. a harsh criticism palliate to moderate the intensity of tincture to tint or stain with a color : TINGE cautious adj. showing or practicing caution; careful; tentative or restrained; guarded thriftiness : miserliness :: cautiousness : pusillanimity cautious <> rash rash adj. lack of deliberation or caution 3 cavalier ○ adj. showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive; carefree and nonchalant; jaunty cavalierly : deliberation :: (LACK) rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy cavalier : arrogant
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cavalier <> humble, obliging, modest, deferential, 3 earnest ○ deference n. respect and esteem due a superior or an elder rapscallion n. a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person; rascal sluggard n. an habitually lazy person caveat n. a warning or caution; a qualification or explanation; (law) a formal notice filed by an interested party with a court or officer, requesting the postponement of a proceeding until the filer is heard prelude, overture : introductory :: caveat : 3 warning :: caveat : cautionary ○ preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious 3 caveat : cautionary :: prelude : introductory ○ caveat <> preamble n. an introductory statement cavern ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern cavern : spelunker :: star : astronomer grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel (KIND) spelunker n. one who explores and studies caves chiefly as a hobby. grotto n. an artificial recess or structure made to resemble a natural cave arroyo n. a water-carved gully or channel 3 cavil ○ to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections cavil : criticize, object :: prate : talk :: saunter : walk :: probe : investigate 3 caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious ○ encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object (trivial B = A) faultfinding : criticize :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil prate to talk long and idly probe to search into and explore with great thoroughness saunter to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner : STROLL carp to find fault or complain querulously libertine n. a person who is unrestrained by convention or morality licentious adj. lacking legal or moral restraints encomiast n. one that praises : EULOGIST quibble n. a minor objection or criticism 3 cavort ○ to walk or move in a spirited manner; to have lively or boisterous fun; romp; to engage in extravagant behavior dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly 3 cavort <> trudge, restrain, behave○ dodder to progress feebly and unsteadily trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod behave to conduct (oneself) in a proper manner cease to put an end to; discontinue cease <> commence, evolve, inaugurate 3 cede * ○ to surrender possession of, especially by treat to progress feebly and unsteadily; to yield; grant cede : possession :: (c) cede <> possess 3 cede <> refuse to yield ○
3 celebrate ○ to honor (as a holiday) by solemn ceremonies or by refraining from ordinary business celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (#) 3 celebrate : lamentable :: slight : respectful (#)○ decry to depreciate (as a coin) officially or publicly slight to treat as slight or unimportant : make light of lamentable adj. deplorable; deserving censure or contempt 3 celebrity ○ n. a famous person; renown; fame celebrity, renown <> anonymity, obscurity, 3 insignificance, inconsequence, nonentity ○ renown the quality of being widely honored and acclaimed nonentity n. a person of little consequence or significance 3 celerity ○ n. rapidity of motion or action 3 celerity <> delay, languor, sluggishness ○ celibacy n. abstention from sexual intercourse ant. promiscuous: not restricted to one sexual partner celibacy <> 3 cell ○ n. a small compartment, cavity, or bounded space cell : membrane :: seed : hull (B = A ) cell : confinement :: rostrum,
tending to censure; highly critical; expressing censure ant. compliment, praise censorious : critical :: (>) censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist censorship :: communication : preservative : decay censorship :: information :: sanitation : disease censorious <> eulogistic censor <> recalcitrant adj. difficult to manage or operate 3 censure * * ○ to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure :: syllogism : disprove (?) censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible 3 (#)○ censure <>applaud, applause, exonerate, extol, 3 commend, exonerate, adulate ○ reprehensible adj. deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection or reproof approbation n. an act of approving formally or officially syllogism n. an extremely subtle, sophisticated, or deceptive argument disprove to prove to be false or wrong : REFUTE commend to mention with approbation : PRAISE exonerate to clear from accusation or blame 3 census ○ a usually complete enumeration of a population census : population :: inventory : stock, 3 merchandise ○
3 podium:oration(function)○ 3 cell : protoplasm :: (B constitutes of A) ○ protoplasm n. the organized colloidal complex of organic and inorganic substances that constitutes the living nucleus, cytoplasm, plastids, and mitochondria of the cell rostrum n. a stage for public speaking podium n. a raised platform especially for an orchestral conductor oration n. an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and dignified manner 3 cement ○ to unite or make firm by or as if by cement 3 cement <> fracture, sever ○ sever to put or keep apart; to remove (as a part) by or as if by cutting censor to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable censorship : communication :: preservative : decay (A prohibit B) censorship : information :: sanitation : disease (A prevent B) salesman : buy :: censor : expunge :: proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress (function) vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate proselytize to induce someone to convert to one's faith expunge to efface completely : DESTROY vendor to engage in selling purvey to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of business censorious
3 central ○ 3 central <> peripheral○ peripheral adj. AUXILIARY, SUPPLEMENTARY centrifuge centrifugal adj. tending away from centralization centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain ceramic shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard n. a piece or fragment of a brittle substance ceremony a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, protocol; : a conventional act of politeness or etiquette ant. informal act; deviation affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony (KIND) ceremony <> affidavit n. a sworn statement in writing made especially under oath or on affirmation before an authorized magistrate or officer certainty the fact, quality, or state of being certain; something that is clearly established or assured certainty, certitude <> indecision, obscurity indecision n. reluctance or an inability to make up one's mind; irresolution certificate a document containing a certified statement especially as to the truth of something ant. ban, prohibition, refusal, withholding certification <> certify
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to inform with certainty : ASSURE; certificate ant. obscure, make indistinct; discredit, invalidate, repudiate; disapprove, reject certify <> certitude <> obscurity
chant to make melodic sounds with the voice; to recite in a monotonous repetitive tone. ant. cacophony, disharmony, discord; recite in a changing, lively, versatile tone chantey <>
3 cessation ○ a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing cessation <> perpetuation, continuation; start,
chaotic being a state of utter confusion chaos : predictability :: pallor : color (LACK) chaotic <> strictly structured, strictly featured pallor n. deficiency of color especially of the face
3 commencement ○ perpetuate to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely commence to have or make a beginning : START chafe to feel irritation or discontent : FRET ant. make happy; calm, soothe, aid, gratify chafe <> chaff n. the seed coverings and other debris separated from the seed in threshing grain winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities chaff : wheat :: shell : pecan :: shell : peanut :: peel : banana dross : metal :: chaff : grain winnow n. a device for winnowing; to get rid of (something undesirable or unwanted) dross n. the scum that forms on the surface of molten metal 3 chagrin * ○ adj. disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure 3 chagrin : mind :: grimace : face ○ chagrin <> elation, cheerfulness, contentment, 3 proud satisfaction, elatedness ○ grimace n. a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval elate to make proud or joyful 3 chain ○ chain : link :: colonnade : pillar :: queue : people (A 3 is a series of B) ○ queue n. a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles challenge to confront or defy boldly challenge <> buttress buttress to SUPPORT, STRENGTHEN chamber : a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity chameleon salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist ichthyology n. a branch of zoology that deals with fishes herpetology n. a branch of zoology dealing with reptiles and amphibians 3 champion * ○ to fight for, defend, or support as a champion 3 champion <>disparage, impugn, oppose ○ 3 channel○ to direct or guide along some desired course 3 channel <> evade, disperse○ chantey a song sung by sailors in rhythm with their work
chaperon a person (as a matron) who for propriety accompanies one or more young unmarried women in public or in mixed company chaperon : propriety :: (A is for B) chaplain a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the military, to an institution or to a family or court ant. laymen n. a person who is not a member of the clergy chaplain : religious :: chaplain <> 3 character ○ 3 character : hieroglyph :: definition : glossary ○ (B is a collection of specialized terms with A) hieroglyph n. a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing; the picture script of the ancient Egyptian priesthood glossary n. a collection of specialized terms with their meanings or definitions charade * n. a word represented in riddling verse or by picture, tableau, or dramatic action; an empty or deceptive act or pretense Ant. reality, truth, honesty, openness charade : word :: mime : story 3 charade : dissimulate :: void : empty ○ 3 charade : dissimulation :: vain : emptiness ○ charade <> dissimulate to hide under a false appearance
3 charlatan * FRAUD, FAKER ○ n. one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability : FRAUD, FAKER 3 :: charlatan : deceive :: mentor : guide, advise ○ juggernaut : crush 3 charlatan : malign :: ○ juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path
31 3 chary *○ adj. very cautious; wary; not giving or expending freely; sparing chary : caution :: imperturbable : composure (c) 3 ○ 3 chary <> bold, rash ○ chase to follow rapidly : PURSUE b : HUNT c to follow regularly or persistently with the intention of attracting or alluring ant. escape, retreat; check, curb, discourage, halt, repress chase <> chasm a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth) cleft : chasm :: cut : gash cleft n. a space or opening made by or as if by splitting : FISSURE gash n. a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound chaste pure in thought and act : MODEST; severely simple in design or execution : AUSTERE; CLEAN, SPOTLESS chaste <> wanton chaste <> corrupt, defiled wanton adj. unduly lavish : EXTRAVAGANT; PROFUSE defile to corrupt the purity or perfection of : DEBASE
3 charismatic * *○ charisma n. an extraordinary power; a personal magic of leadership arousing special popular loyalty or enthusiasm for a public figure
3 chasten * ○ to correct by punishment or reproof; take to task.
3 charismatic : appeal :: presumptuous : panache ○
3 chateau ○ n. a French castle; a French manor house.; a large country house.
3 charisma : bore :: generosity : miser (without) ○ charismatic : melancholy ::
3 chasten : humbled :: vex : irritate (A →B) ○ chasten <> reward
3 charismatic <> lackluster, repugnant ○ presumptuous adj. overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy panache n. dash or flamboyance in style and action bore n. a tiresome person lackluster adj. lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality : DULL, MEDIOCRE repugnant adj. exciting distaste or aversion
3 chateau : dwelling :: sedan : automobile ○
3 charitable ○ adj. generous in giving money or other help to the needy; mild or tolerant in judging others; lenient
3 chauvinism * * * ○ n. militant devotion to and glorification of one's country; fanatical patriots; prejudiced belief in the superiority of one's own gender, group, or kind patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible
3 charitable : malign :: (#)○ rancor <> good will, concord, charitableness charitable <> malign, harsh, heartless, rancorous 3 ○
3 chatter ○ to talk idly, incessantly, or fast; to click repeatedly or uncontrollably; to vibrate rapidly in cutting chatter : speaking :: saunter : walking (A is to B in 3 an idle) ○ saunter to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner : STROLL
3 chauvinist : patriotism :: miser : thrift (>)○ chauvinism : patriotism :: meticulousness : 3 carefulness (>)○
3 chauvinist : fidelity :: (c) ○ receptive adj. open and responsive to ideas, impressions, or suggestions gullible adj. easily duped or cheated fidelity n. the quality or state of being faithful cheap cheap : clothing :: whopper : language (?) whopper n something unusually large or otherwise extreme of its kind
3 check ○ to block the progress of jolt : move :: check : stop 3 check <> propagate, hasten, goad ○ jolt to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion; to disturb the composure of propagate to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area hasten ACCELERATE goad to incite or rouse as if with a goad cheeky lacking modesty; marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others ant. humble, modest, polite; reserved, subtle, timorous cheeky <> chef author : novel :: chef : banquet :: writer : novel chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory :: chemist : 3 laboratory :: artist : studio ○ 3 cherish ○ to treat with affection and tenderness; to care about deeply; to keep fondly in mind 3 cherish <> neglect, despise ○
adj. deception by trickery or sophistry; a trick; a subterfuge gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful (3 degree) ○ chicanery <> guilelessness, honest dealing, scrupulous practice, aboveboard action, forthrightness, lack of subterfuge, absence of guile, 3 absence of trick, probity, lack of trickiness ○ gullible adj. easily duped or cheated tactless adj. unthinking, careless ant. careful, discreet, tactful, thoughtful probity n. adherence to the highest principles and ideals : UPRIGHTNESS scrupulous adj. having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper 3 chide * ○ to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle 3 chide <> praise ○ pillory n. a device formerly used for publicly punishing offenders consisting of a wooden frame with holes in which the head and hands can be locked mollycoddle n. : a pampered or effeminate man or boy 3 chimera ○ n. an illusion or fabrication of the mind; especially melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) 3 chimera <> real possibility ○ 3 chip ○ chip : stone :: shard : glass, porcelain, pottery :: 3 morsel : food :: fragment : bone ○ 3 chip : stone :: crumb : bread, cake ○
cherubic angelic; sweet, kind, and usually beautiful syn. adorable, childlike, cute, innocent, sweet ant. demonic, devilish, fiendish, unkind; hateful, unappealing cherubic <> somber(?) chevron n. a figure, pattern, or object having the shape of aV chevron : badge :: caisson : cart caisson n. a usually 2-wheeled vehicle for artillery ammunition attachable to a horse-drawn limber 3 chiaroscuro ○ n. the technique of using light and shade in pictorial representation; the arrangement of light and dark elements in a pictorial work of art chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: 3 filigree : delicacy (c) ○ tapestry n. a heavy handwoven reversible textile characterized by complicated pictorial designs intricate adj. having many complexly interrelating parts or elements : COMPLICATED filigree n. ornamental openwork of delicate or intricate design chic adj. conforming to the current fashion; stylish; adopting or setting current fashions and styles; sophisticated 3 chicanery * * ○
chisel to cut or work with or as if with a chisel ant. keep together, hold chisel <> 3 choir ○ n. an organized company of singers 3 choir : singer :: cast : actor :: bouquet : flower ○ choke . to interfere with the respiration of by compression or obstruction of the larynx or trachea; to check or slow down the movement, growth, or action of; to block up or obstruct by filling or clogging smother : choke :: smother to kill with smoke or fumes 3 choleric *○ adj. easily angered; bad-tempered cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize : 3 choleric : anger :: partial : bias (c) ○ 3 choleric : anger :: timorous : fear ○ 3 choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse ○ choleric <> difficult to provoke, pacific, slow to 3 anger ○ intimidate to make timid or fearful : FRIGHTEN timorous adj. of a timid disposition : FEARFUL rile to make agitated and angry : UPSET
3 chord * ○ n. three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously chord : note, tone :: grove : tree :: constellation : 3 star (group) ○ grove a group of trees that are close together choreography n. the composition and arrangement of dances especially for ballet choreography : dance :: plot : story choreographer : movement :: architect : building 3 ○ chortle to sing or chant exultantly chortle : amusement :: sneer : contempt chorus troupe : perform :: chorus : sing chromatic relating to colors or color chromatic <> colorless chronic adj. of long duration; continuing’ lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases chronic <> sporadic sporadic adj. occurring occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances chronicle dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological 3 chuckle ○ to laugh quietly or to oneself 3 chuckle : laughing :: whisper : speaking (<) ○ chunk a thick mass of piece chunk <> flake flake n. a small loose mass or bit 3 churl * ○ n. a rude, boorish person; a miserly person 3 churl : affront :: instigator : foment (c) ○ annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (=) uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl(#) 3 churlish : affront :: formidable : intimidate (=)○ churlishness <> complaisance churlish <> genteel affront to insult especially to the face by behavior or language foment to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE, INCITE uncouth adj. strange or clumsy in shape or appearance : OUTLANDISH connive to cooperate secretly or have a secret understanding genteel adj. elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape complaisance the inclination to comply willingly with the wishes of others; amiability 3 cinch ○ n. a thing done with ease; a certainty to happen cinch <> difficulty 3 cinch <> free, loosen, unbind ○ cinch <> be uncertain, be unsure
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circumspect <> audacious, rash, reckless, cinder cinder <> cineaste n. a devotee of motion pictures cineast : film :: gourmand : food gourmand . one who is heartily interested in good food and drink
3 indiscreet, imprudent, temerity, foolhardy ○ tact n. sensitive mental or aesthetic perception temerity n. unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS 3 *circumvent ○ to make a circuit around; to go around; bypass
3 cipher ○ n. a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning compare CODE
3 circumvent <> confront, encounter ○
3 cipher : cryptic :: précis : concise ○ cipher : crack :: cryptic adj. having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous meaning : MYSTERIOUS précis n. a concise summary of a book, an article, or another text; an abstract
3 *cistern * ○ n. a receptacle for holding water or other liquid, especially a tank for catching and storing rainwater cistern : liquid(s), water :: landfill : refuse :: larder, 3 pantry : food :: warehouse : merchandise ○ landfill n. a system of trash and garbage disposal refuse n. the worthless or useless part of something : LEAVINGS larder n. a place where food is stored : PANTRY
3 circuitous * * ○ adj. not being forthright or direct in language or action immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness 3 (#)○ 3 circuitous : directness :: irresolute : decision (#) ○ circuitous : straightforward :: varicolored : monochromatic (#) 3 circuity <> forthrightness, straightforwardness ○ 3 circuity <> directness ○ circuitous <> direct immaterial adj. not consisting of matter 3 circular ○ adj. having the form of a circle : ROUND ;circuitous; roundabout 3 circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (#)○ asymmetrical adj. not symmetrical protean adj. displaying great diversity or variety : VERSATILE circumference border : country :: circumference : circle circumference : circle :: perimeter : rectangle 3 circumlocution * ○ n. the use of unnecessarily wordy and indirect language circumlocutory <> straightforward, succinctly 3 expressed○ circumlocution <> pithy uttering, aphoristic uttering, straightforward utter, direct encounter, 3 succinctness ○ aphorism n. concise statement of a principle 3 circumscribe ○ to draw a line around; encircle; to limit narrowly; restrict 3 , ecumenical circumscribed <> unlimited ○ ecumenical adj. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal 3 *circumspect * * ○ careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile (#) circumspect : prudence :: urbane : polish (=) 3 circumspect : tactful :: (=) ○ circumspection <> temerity
3 circumvention <> direct encounter ○
*citation summons : citation :: citiation <> *civility courteous behavior; politeness civility <> rudeness 3 *claim ○ n. a right to something; specifically : a title to a debt, privilege, or other thing in the possession of another claim : legitimated :: hypothesis : confirmed lien : claim :: subpoena : command 3 claim <> renounce ○ legitimate to give legal status or authorization to subpoena n. a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear in court under a penalty for failure renounce to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration
3 clarify ○ to make (as a liquid) clear or pure usually by freeing from suspended matter clarify <> equivocate, obfuscate, opaque, roil, 3 muddle (a. muddy) ○ roil to stir up : DISTURB, DISORDER muddle to mix confusedly; to make a mess of : BUNGLE 3 clarion ○ adj. brilliantly clear; loud and clear clarion <> soft and indistinct, muted, cloudy, dull, 3 out of tune(?)○ out of tunes not producing exactly the right notes 3 clarity ○ n. clearness of appearance; clearness of thought or style; lucidity ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion :: 3 expedition : foot-dragging (#)○ equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity obfuscate, opaque, roil, equivocate, muddy <> clarify, appease mendacious adj. given to or characterized by deception or falsehood or divergence from absolute truth foot-dragging failure to act with the necessary promptness or vigor ramshackle adj. appearing ready to collapse : RICKETY garble to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or change the meaning roil to stir up : DISTURB, DISORDER *clasp n. a device (as a hook) for holding objects or parts together lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten lathe n. a machine that shapes pieces of wood or metal
clairvoyance * n. ability to perceive matters beyond the range of ordinary perception : PENETRATION dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict ( A is easy to B) clairvoyant <> insensitive, unreceptive, myopic,
clause * n. a group of words containing a subject and predicate and functioning as a member of a complex or compound sentence n. a distinct article in a formal document ant. not distinct
3 nearsighted, shortsighted, unwise, dull ○ prescience n. human anticipation of the course of events : FORESIGHT myopic n. a lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of something
3 clause : sentence ::paragraph : essay ○ clause <>
clamorous adj. noisily insistent 3 clamorous <> silent ○
claustrophobia recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure recluse adj. marked by withdrawal from society : SOLITARY clay clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (A is made for B)
3 clandestine ○ adj. kept or done in secret, often in order to conceal an illicit or improper purpose clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity
*cleave to divide, split ant. join, meld, unite cleaver <>
3 clandestine <> open ○ overt adj. open and observable; not hidden, concealed congruous adj. corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or harmonious
*cleave to stick together; adhere firmly and closely or loyally and unwaveringly ant. separate; treachery, perfidy, treason cleaver <>
1
2
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cleft n. space or opening made by or as if by splitting : FISSURE cleft : chasm :: cut : gash chasm n. a deep cleft in the surface of a planet: GORGE gash n. a deep long cut in flesh 3 *clemency * ○ n. disposition to be merciful and especially to moderate the severity of punishment due clemency <> cruelty, severity, mercilessness, 3 harshness, ruthlessness ○ clement <> pitiless, severe, harsh, baneful, 3 relentless, cruel, ruthless ○ ruth n. compassion for the misery of another clergy n. a group ordained to perform pastoral or sacerdotal functions in a Christian church clergy <> 3 *cliché * ○ n. a trite phrase or expression hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché 3 : originality :: jejune : interest ○ anomaly : commonplace :: cliché : imaginative equivocation: misleading :: cliché : hackneyed :: 3 cliché : trite ○ 3 cliché <> original idea, original statement ○ hodgepodge n. a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble hackneyed adj. over familiar through overuse; trite trite adj. lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition; hackneyed clientele n. a body of clients clientele : customers :: faculty : teachers (A is a group of B) climate n. the average course or condition of the weather at a place usually over a period of years as exhibited by temperature, wind velocity, and precipitation weather : climate :: mood : disposition (=) mood n. a prevailing attitude : DISPOSITION disposition n. prevailing tendency, mood, or inclination clinch * to hold fast or firmly; to make final or irrefutable : SETTLE clinch <> remove, make more doubtful *cling to hold fast or adhere to something, as by grasping, sticking, embracing, or entwining; to have a strong emotional attachment or dependence cling to <> 3 *clique ○ n. a small, exclusive group of friends or associates 3 clique : intimates :: flock : sheep ○
n. an obstruction or hindrance clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations (B solves 3 A) ○ stalemate n. a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock closet pantry : food :: closet, wardrobe : clothes *clot n. a portion of a substance cleaving together in a thick nondescript mass; cluster, group 3 clot : dissolve :: crowd : disperse ○ clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed freeze : water :: clot : blood solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot clot <> dissolve to cause to disperse or disappear : DESTROY 3 clothe ○ 3 clothes, clothing : ragged :: furniture : rickety ○ ragged adj. torn or worn to tatters rickety adj. lacking stability or firmness : SHAKY cloture n. the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body especially by calling for a vote voting : roll call :: termination : cloture (c) roll call n. the calling out of a list of members of a legislative body to establish how each wishes to vote; cloudburst n. a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: yank : pull (>) gust n. a sudden violent rush of or of wind yank to pull or jerk vigorously *clout n. a blow, especially with the fist; influence clout <> impuissance, impotence impuissance n. lack of power or effectiveness; weakness impotence n. lack of strength or power; helplessness; weakness; feebleness *cloy to cause distaste or disgust by supplying with too much of something originally pleasant, especially something rich or sweet; surfeit ant. abstain, diet, fast, moderate, reduce, repress, suppress garrulous, loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet (>) cloy <> garrulous adj. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk 3 *clumsy ○ adj. lacking physical coordination, skill, or grace; awkward 3 , seemly, adept clumsy <> comely ○ comely adj. pleasing to the eye seemly adj. pleasing or attractive in appearance adept adj. thoroughly proficient
cloak n. something that conceals : PRETENSE, DISGUISE cloak <>
*clutch n. tight hold or grip; relentless control; v. to seize eagerly or convulsively with the claws or fingers. Ant. let go, unfasten clutch <>
*clog
3 *coagulate ○
to cause transformation of (a liquid or sol, for example) into or as if into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass coagulant : thicken, clot, congeal :: solvent : 3 dissolve ○ 3 coagulant : stanch :: antiseptic : disinfect ○ 3 astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal ○ coagulant , congeal :: thickening :: anaesthetize : numbness coagulant <> liquefier, dissolvent, thinning 3 material, dilution agent ○ coagulate <> dissolve, liquefy, thin, melt stanch n. a substance that arrests bleeding, a styptic pucker to become gathered or contracted into wrinkles, small folds, or creases congeal to convert by cooling from a soft or fluid state to a solid one 3 *coalesce ○ to grow together; fuse; to come together so as to form one whole; unite coalesce <> disaggregate, sunder, polarize, break 3 apart, bifurcate, grow apart, separate ○ sunder to break or wrench apart; sever sever to separate, put or set apart 3 *coarsen ○ to rough, loose, or large in texture, grain, or features coarse : surface :: dislocate : place :: coarsen : texture 3 fastidious <> coarse ○ fastidious adj. scrupulous or overscrupulous in matters of taste, cleanliness, propriety *coax to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery ant. be honest, be forthright blandishment : coax :: medal : honor :: prevarication : deceive coax <> blandish to flatter gently, coax; cajole. prevaricate to stray from or evade the truth coda n. a concluding passage of a movement or composition dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata coda <> overture, prelude epilogue n. the concluding part of a literary work 3 *coddle ○ to cook in water just below the boiling point coddle eggs; to treat indulgently; baby 3 coddle <> scorn, deplore, treat harshly, slight ○ deplore to regard as scandalous, feel or express strong disapproval of slight to treat with disdain or indifference *coerce to force to act or think in a certain way by use of pressure, threats, or intimidation; compel; to dominate, restrain, or control forcibly wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion coercive <> voluntary wheedle to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile; cajole cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle
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extort to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation *coeval adj. of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration ant. asynchronous, different, divided, following, preceding congruent : dimension :: coeval : age coeval <> congruent adj. Of geometrical figures: coinciding exactly when superimposed 3 *cogent * *○ adj. appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel 3 cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence ○ 3 , unsound cogent <> unconvincing ○ cogency <> unconvincingness repugnant adj. distasteful or objectionable to a person; offensive, repulsive repel to refuse to accept or admit cogitate to take careful thought or think carefully about; ponder ant. disregard, ignore, forget, dismiss philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack cogitate <> iconoclast n. a person who attacks a cherished belief or respected institution *cognizant adj. knowledgeable of something especially through personal experience incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy cognizant <> oblivious, unaware, forgetful oblivious adj. lacking all memory; forgetful cohabit to live together cohabit : reside :: conspire : plot 3 coherent ○ adj. logically related to 3 coherent <> irrational, incongruous ○ incoherent <> plausible plausible adj. seeming reasonable and probable *colander Ant. put in, combine, collect, fill centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain colander <> collapse to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely 3 collapse : implode :: divide : sunder ○ 3 collapse : implode :: steep : immerse ○ collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness reinforcement : collapse :: implode to undergo violent compression sunder to separate by or as if by violence steep to cover with or plunge into a liquid immerse to plunge or dip into a fluid 3 colleague ○ n. an associate in a profession or in a civil or ecclesiastical office 3 colleague : intimate :: ○ *colloquial adj. unacceptably informal
colloquial <> polished
comely <> clumsy
3 *collude * * ○ to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose; CONSPIRE, PLOT 3 collude : cooperate :: steal : take ○ collude, connive : cooperate :: smuggle : convey
*comestible adj. edible; fit to be eaten : EATABLE comestible <>
3 collude, connive :: stalk, shadow : follow ○ collude : cooperate :: eavesdrop : listen :: pry : 3 watch ○ 3 collude : cooperate :: steal : take :: lurk : wait ○ collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners 3 collude <> act independently ○ smuggle to convey or introduce surreptitiously stalk to walk cautiously or secretly pry to look closely or curiously colonnade n. a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure colonnade : pillar :: queue : person pillar n. a firm upright support for a superstructure : POST queue n. a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles 3 *colossal ○ of an exceptional or astonishing degree antediluvian : age :: colossal : size 3 colossus : figurine :: boulder : pebble (>)○ colossus <> antediluvian adj. made or developed a long time ago colossus n. a statue of gigantic size and proportions; ant. miniature boulder n. a large rock colt n. a young male horse; a youthful or inexperienced person; a novice coltish adj. relating to or suggestive of a colt; lively and playful; frisky coltish : discipline :: loutish : grace (A lack B) lout n. a person regarded as awkward and stupid; an oaf coma n. a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease, injury, or poison coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion delirium n. a mental disturbance characterized by confusion, disordered speech, and hallucinations 3 *combustible ○ adj. capable of igniting and burning; easily aroused or excited; flammable impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape incombustible <> flammable combustible <> nonflammable combustion <> nonflammability 3 combustible <> equable ○ impervious adj. not capable of being affected or disturbed friable adj. easily crumbled or pulverized; fragile flammable adj. capable of being easily ignited and of burning quickly comely adj. pleasing and wholesome in appearance; attractive; suitable; seemly, good-looking comeliness <> unattractiveness
*comity n. an atmosphere of social harmony comity <> enmity 3 *command ○ to direct authoritatively : ORDER 3 command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (>)○ command : request :: summon : invite entreat to make an earnest request : PLEAD goad to urge on or drive with or as with a goad; spur, incite, torment. entice to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire : TEMPT *commencement n. a beginning; a start commencement <> cessation cease <> inaugurate, commence commencement <>matriculation inaugurate to bring about the beginning of matriculate to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or university commend to represent as worthy, qualified, or desirable; recommend; to express approval of; praise execrable <> commendable, laudable commend <> berate, deplore execrate to feel intense and often violent antipathy toward berate to scold or condemn vehemently and at length deplore to feel or express strong disapproval of 3 commensurate ○ of the same size, extent, or duration as another; corresponding in size or degree; proportionate; measurable by a common standard; commensurable commensurate <> preponderant commensurate <> different in measure/extent, 3 asymmetrical, lopsided, disproportionate ○ tantamount <> incommensurate parity <> uncommensurateness preponderant adj. having superior weight, force, importance, or influence tantamount adj. equivalent in effect or value parity n. the quality or state of being equal or equivalent commentary n. a systematic series of explanations or interpretations (as of a writing) annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition annotate to make or furnish critical or explanatory notes or comment gloss n. a brief explanation commercial n. an advertisement on television or radio advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal commingle to become blended commingle <> separate *commiserate to feel or express sympathy : CONDOLE ant. antipathy, enmity, aversion
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commiseration <> *commitment n. an agreement or pledge to do something in the future; the state or quality of being dedicated to a particular cause or activity crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (>) dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence (#) disaffected : contentment :: dubious : commitment disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (#) ambivalent <> committed noncommittal <> confirmative commitment <> ambivalence dilettante n. a person having a superficial interest in an art or a branch of knowledge nonentity n. a person of little consequence or significance contented adj. feeling or manifesting satisfaction with one's possessions, status, or situation profligate adj. wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL solvent adj. able to pay all legal debts mercurial adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood noncommittal adj. giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling 3 *commodious * * * *○ adj. comfortably or conveniently spacious ant. confined, cramped, inconvenient, small, squeezed, uncomfortable taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (#) commodious <> constricted, constringed, cramped, close, 3 snug ○ commodity <> taut adj. tightly drawn purlieu n. a person’s usual habits: bounds, limits constringe to constrict cramp to restrict or confine narrowly snug n. a small private room or compartment in a pub *commonplace adj. having no remarkable features, characteristics, or traits; ordinary phenomenal, inimitable <> unexceptional, commonplace commonplace <> original, exceptional, inimitable, 3 phenomenal ○ phenomenal adj. very notable or remarkable; extraordinary commonsense commonsensical <> preposterous preposterous adj. contrary to nature, reason, or common sense 3 *commotion ○ n. a condition of turbulent motion squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) 3 commotion <> tranquility ○ squall n. a disturbance, a commotion; a quarrel *communicative ant. close-mouthed, reserved, reticent, unfriendly, uninformative, unsociable communicative <> *commuter n. a person who commutes to work
commute to exchange, change ant. continue, hold, keep, persist, remain, stay commuter<> 3 *compact ○ adj. having a dense structure or parts or units closely packed or joined 3 compact : density :: (c) ○ *compassion n. deep awareness of the suffering of another coupled with the wish to relieve it compassion <> indifference compatible adj. capable of existing together in harmony ant. antagonistic, antipathetic, disagreeable, incompatible, inharmonious, unsuitable, unsuited compatible <> *compatriot n. a person born, residing, or holding citizenship in the same country as another; COMPEER, COLLEAGUE ant. antagonist, detractor, enemy, opponent, oppose compatriot <> *compel to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly; to cause to do or occur by overwhelming pressure ant. block, check, deter, hinder, impede; set free, release compel <> *compendious adj. containing the essential fact in a small compass; comprehensive but fairly brief ant. long-drawn-out, elongate, protractive, prolonged compendious <> *compendium n. a brief summary of a field of knowledge compendium : summary :: anthology : collection (KIND) encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed anthology n. a collection of poems
complaisant <> balky, obdurate, intransigent, 3 churlish ○ balky adj. refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected churlish adj. marked by a lack of civility or graciousness : SURLY; difficult to work with or deal with : INTRACTABLE 3 *complement ○ n. something that completes, makes up a whole, or brings to perfection ant. defective, deficient, imperfect; unfinished 3 complement : complete :: illuminate : clear ○ complement <> 3 *compliant ○ adj. disposed or willing to comply; submissive, obedient 3 compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (<) ○ obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield compliant <> obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance fawn to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner 3 *compliment ○ n. an expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed compliment : flattery :: deference : subservience courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness(A< B) 3 complimentary <> vituperative ○ 3 compliment <> barb ○ fulsome adj. offensively flattering or insincere vituperative adj. using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure barb n. a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment 3 *comply ○ to act in ance with another's command, request, rule mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain 3 comply <> disobey ○
*compensate to offset; counterbalance; to make satisfactory payment or reparation to; compensate <>
*comport to tolerate, endure; to agree with; to behave ant. disagree; misbehave comport <>
3 *competence ○
3 *compose ○ to formulate and write
3 competence : inept ::sanity : daft (#)○ sanity n. soundness or health of mind daft adj. MAD, INSANE *complacent adj. self-satisfied and unconcerned ant. anxious, concerned complacency <> anxiety complacent <> 3 *complaisant *○ adj. marked by an inclination to please or oblige; amiable complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit 3 ○ complaisance <> churlishness, obstinacy
3 compose : edit :: construct : remodel ○ 3 *composed ○ adj. free from agitation; serenely self-possessed 3 , frenetic composed <> distraught ○ compose <> discombobulate composure <> restless frenetic adj. wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied discombobulate to upset, confuse distraught adj. agitated with doubt or mental conflict 3 *composer ○ n. a person who writes a musical composition, score
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3 (A writes B) composer : score :: ○ compound n. a combination of two or more elements or parts soldier : army :: element : compound compound <> separate, elemental *comprehend * 3 comprehend : fathom :: ○ 3 comprehensible : lucid :: loud : stentorian (<) ○ fathom n. COMPREHENSION lucid adj. clear to the understanding stentorian adj. extremely loud compress constrict : diameter :: compress : size compression <> increase in volume, distention distend to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure 3 *compromise ○ to settle by concessions; to expose or make liable to danger, suspicion, or disrepute mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle (not to B) intransigent : compromise :: deferential : offend polemical <> compromising temporize <> unwilling to compromise 3 compromise <> protect from discredit ○ intransigent <> open to compromise temporize to yield to current or dominant opinion implacable adj. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated intransigent adj. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude *compulsory adj. MANDATORY, ENFORCED; COERCIVE, COMPELLING ant. free, liberalized, liberated, optional, unstipulated, voluntary compulsory <> 3 *compunction ○ n. anxiety arising from awareness of guilt (penitence); a sting of conscience or a pang of doubt aroused by wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing (qualm) impartial : prejudice :: unshameness : compunction 3, compunction <> absence(lack) of misgiving ○ unrepentant misgiving n. a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension *comrade n. an intimate friend or associate ant. antagonist, competitor, enemy, foe, opponent, rival, stranger comradeship <> *concatenate to connect or link in a series or chain concatenate <> separate concave adj. curved like the inner surface of a sphere scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (c) 3 *conceal○ to prevent disclosure or recognition of
ant. disclose, divulge, expose, lay bare, let out, open, reveal, show, tell, uncover conceal <> unearth, betray, blurt disclosure <> concealment, cover-up, secret concealment <> divulgence, evincing, unearthing, 3 elicitation ○ blurt to utter suddenly after trying hard to keep secret unearth to make known or public : bring to light betray to reveal unintentionally divulge to make public : PROCLAIM evince to display clearly : REVEAL elicit to draw forth or bring out concede to acknowledge, often reluctantly, as being true, just, or proper; admit; to yield or grant ant. contradict, disacknowledge, disagree, dispute, dissent, fight, refuse, reject, repudiate concede <> refuse to grant concession <> aggression(?), denial *conceivable adj. easy to understand, reasonable ant. difficult, inconceivable, unbelievable, unimaginable, unreasonable, unthinkable conceivable <> concentrate concentrate <> dilute solution, deploy deploy to spread out, utilize, or arrange especially strategically conceptual of, consisting of, or relating to concepts or conception conceptual <> concrete 3 *concerted ○ Adj. planned or accomplished together; combined 3 , meant to concerted <> individually devised○ obstruct concerto n. a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements 3 *conciliate ○ to overcome the distrust or animosity of; appease; to regain or try to regain (friendship or goodwill) by pleasant behavior sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive reconciliation : harmony :: 3 conciliate <> vex, nettle, discontent, rile ○ 3 conciliate <> aggrieve, aggravate, alienate ○ conciliation <> vexation 3 conciliatory <> contentious, belligerent, vexing ○ conciliatory <> bellicose, contentious, polemical 3 ○ conciliatory <> pugnacious, vexatious, biting, 3 caustic ○ nettle to irritate; vex bellicose adj. favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars rile to stir to anger alienate to make unfriendly, hostile, or indifferent where attachment formerly existed contentious adj. exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes pugnacious adj. having a quarrelsome or combative nature : TRUCULENT
vex to bring trouble, distress, or agitation concise adj. expressing much in few words; clear and succinct synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity conciseness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature conclude to bring to an end; close conclude <> embark on embark to make a start *concomitant adj. occurring or existing concurrently; incidental ant. accidental, unrelated, chance; basic, essential, fundamental, important, vital preponderant <> concomitant preponderant adj. having superior weight, importance 3 *concord *○ n. harmony or agreement of interests or feelings; inconsonant : concord :: scattered : overlap concord <> disagreement, dissension, dissonance, rancor, enmity, contention, schism, discrepancy 3 ○ 3 concordance <> contention ○ dissension n. difference of opinion; disagreement rancor n. bitter, long-lasting resentment contention n. RIVALRY, COMPETITION schism n. DIVISION, SEPARATION; DISCORD, DISHARMONY dissonance n. lack of agreement 3 *concur * * ○ to be of the same opinion; agree; to act together concur <> object, dissent, naysay, take issue, 3 differ, oppose, demur, dispute ○ naysay to say no to; deny or oppose *condemn to express strong disapproval of brevity : epigram :: condemnation : philippic countenance <> condemn exaltation <> condemnation extol, embrace <> condemn, impugn, detract impugn to attack as false or questionable philippic n. a verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often insulting language; a tirade 3 *condense ○ to reduce the volume or compass of; to make more concise; abridge or shorten 3 condensed <> unabridged ○ condescending * adj. displaying a patronizingly superior attitude 3 condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn ○ patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery obsequious patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed patronize to adopt an air of condescension toward : treat haughtily or coolly obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance deride to laugh at contemptuously peeve to make peevish or resentful : ANNOY *condign adj. APPROPRIATE, ADEQUATE, DESERVED condign <> undeserved, unmerited
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3 *condolence ○ n. sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : 3 derision ○ gibe n. a derisive remark condone to forgive, overlook an offense; to treat as if trivial, harmless, or of no importance; to approve, sanction condone <> denounce, exact :: condone : grief denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil exact to call for as necessary or desirable 3 *conducive ○ adj. tending to cause or bring about; contributive 3 conducive : motivate :: tonic : invigorate ○ 3 conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate ○ tonic adj. producing or stimulating physical, mental, or emotional vigor foment to promote the growth of; incite conduct to direct or take part in the operation or management of ant. mismanage; follow conductor : instrumentalist :: director : actor conduct <> *confederacy a league or compact for mutual support or common action : ALLIANCE; a combination of persons for unlawful purposes : CONSPIRACY ant. dissolution, disunion, separation, severance; antagonism, discord, disunion, divorce, estrangement, hostility, rebellion, separation, war confederacy <> confederate <> 3 *confess ○ to disclose one's faults ant. conceal, deny, disavow, disown, hide, mask, repudiate, secrete confession : culpability :: testimonial : 3 appreciation ○ recantation : error :: confession : crime (?) confess <> recant , to make a formal retraction or disavowal of testimonial adj. expressive of appreciation or esteem appreciation n. an expression of admiration, approval *confidant n. one to whom secrets or private matters are disclosed; a close friend ant. enemy, foe confidant <> *confide to have confidence; to tell confidentially ant. conceal, hide, secrete, suppress; keep confide <> 3 *confident ○ adj. full of conviction : CERTAIN confident : timid :: open : shy (#) confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory (<) 3 confidence : arrogant :: wary : paranoid (<)○
confident : arrogant :: frugal : miserly (<) interrogatory adj. asking a question; of the nature of a question; interrogative *confine to keep within bound; restrict ant. free, release, liberate; open loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception confine <> disabuse to free from error, fallacy, or misconception *confirmative adj. being affirmative, agreeable ant. dissenting, negative confirmative <> *conflagration n. a large destructive fire; CONFLICT, WAR ant. cease-fire, truce, armistice conflagration <> *conflate to bring together : FUSE ; to combine into a composite whole ant. disconnect, divide, separate conflate <> disseminate (?) disseminate to disperse throughout 3 *confluence ○ n. a flowing together of two or more streams confluence : streams :: junction : roads 3 confluence <> divergence ○ divergence n. a drawing apart (as of lines extending from a common center) *conform to correspond in form or character; be similar; to act or be in or agreement; comply ant. differ, fight, refuse, disagree incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey conform <> gainsay conformity <> conformist <> incongruent adj. not being in agreement, harmony, or correspondence gainsay to contradict, oppose 3 *confound ○ to cause to become confused or perplexed confound <> discriminate between, enlighten, make straightforward, elucidate, make clear, 3 straighten ○ confounded <> straightforward *confront to come face to face with, especially with defiance ant. avoid, dodge, evade, ignore, scorn, shun craven : confront :: honest : deceive confront <> circumvent circumvent to make a circuit around 3 *congeal * ○ to solidify by or as if by freezing congeal <> melt, disintegrate, fail to solidify, 3 liquefy ○ 3 *congenial * * ○ adj. of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable 3 congenial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact ○ dour, grouchy, surly <> genial, congenial bonhomie adj. good-natured easy friendliness dour adj. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding
surly adj. irritably sullen and churlish in mood or manner 3 *congenital ○ adj. being such by nature 3 , unrelated congenital <> not innate○ 3 *congregate ○ to collect into a group or crowd : ASSEMBLE 3 congregate <> separate ○ 3 congruent ○ adj. corresponding; congruous; corresponding in character or kind; appropriate or harmonious congruent : dimension :: coeval : age incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey congruent <> disagreeable, antithetical, polemical 3 ○ congruity <> variance 3 congruence <> disagreement ○ coeval originating or existing during the same period; lasting through the same era variance n. the fact or state of being in disagreement conifer n. group of mostly evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in cooler area (침엽수) ant. ephemeral, perishable; a broadleaf[broadleaved] tree, a latifoliate[latifolious] tree(활엽수) conifer <> conjecture n. inference or judgment based on inconclusive or incomplete evidence; guesswork conjecture <> restrain from the speculation, facts *conjure to charge or entreat earnestly or solemnly conjure <> 3 *connive * * ○ to pretend ignorance of or fail to take action against something one ought to oppose 3 connive : cooperate :: spy : watch ○ connive : conspirator :: cooperative : partner 3 connive : plan :: confide : tell :: lurk : wait ○ uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver confide to have confidence; to tell confidentially uncouth adj. strange or clumsy in shape or appearance 3 *connoisseur ○ n. a person with expert knowledge or training, especially in the fine arts ant. amateur, apprentice, novice connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine 3 connoisseur : excel :: heretic : dissent ○ selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur 3 connoisseur : painting :: ○ connoisseur <> heretic n. one who dissents from an accepted belief or doctrine : NONCONFORMIST *conquer to gain or acquire by force of arms ant. capitulate, fail, give up, lose, retreat, succumb, surrender, yield inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest conquer <>
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inexorable adj. not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty : RELENTLESS dissuasion n. advice people against something conscience syn. RIGHTEOUSNESS, UPRIGHTNESS, SCRUPULOUNSNESS clear one’s conscience <> 3 *conscientious ○ adj. guided by the dictates of conscience; principled conscientious <> careless, remiss, unaware, 3 unscrupulous ○ remiss adj. : negligent in the performance of work or duty unscrupulous adj. UNPRINCIPLED 3 *conscious ○ a. having an awareness of one's environment and one's own existence, sensations, and thoughts 3 conscious <> unwitting ○ unwitting adj. not knowing : UNAWARE *conscript a conscripted person (as a military recruit) (징집병) ant. volunteer conscript <> 3 *consensus *○ n. UNANIMITY consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion 3 consensus : factionalism :: law : criminality ○ consensus : factionalism :: expedition : foot3 dragging○ schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity consensus <> factionalism foot-dragging adj. failure to act with the necessary promptness or vigor expedition n. efficient promptness : SPEED schism n. DISCORD, DISHARMONY *consequential adj. following as an effect, result, or conclusion; consequent; having important consequences; significant ant. insignificant, uneventful, unimportant; trivial consequential <> conservative adj. tending or disposed to maintain existing views, conditions ant. left-winger, liberal, progressive, radical bigoted : advice :: conservative : change contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty hidebound : conservative :: maniac : excited (>) revisionist : challenge : conservative : uphold conservative <> contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious reactionary adj. ultraconservative in politics hidebound adj. having an ultraconservative character conservatory n. a school specializing in one of the fine arts conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary n. an institution for the training of candidates for the priesthood, ministry
conserve to avoid wasteful or destructive use of conserve <> waste, squander, exhaust squander to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate *considerable adj. large in amount, extent, or degree; worthy of consideration; significant restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (#) consider <> table considerate <> restive adj. marked by impatience : FIDGETY piddling adj. trivial, paltry table to remove (as a parliamentary motion) from consideration indefinitely *consign to give, transfer, or deliver into the hands or control of another ant. hold, keep, retain, receive consignment : invoice :: consign <> consignment <> *consistent adj. possessing firmness or coherence; compatiable ant. disagreeing, erratic, incongruous, inconsistent, inconstant, irregular, varying; disagreeing, incompatible, inconsistent, unfitting, unsuitable inconspicuous : overlook :: consistent : predict (easy to B) consistent <> inconspicuous adj. not readily noticeable overlook to ignore 3 *console * ○ to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of : COMFORT embarrass : shame :: console : comfort 3 :: disturb : console : grief :: perturb : serenity ○ serenity :: alleviate : intensity (A reduce B) console : grief :: reassure : doubt console <> aggravate grief perturb to disturb greatly in mind : DISQUIET serene adj. clear and free of storms or unpleasant change 3 *consolidate ○ to unite into one system or whole; combine consolidation <> fragmentation 3 consolidate <> dissolve, separate, fragment ○ 3 *consonance ○ n. agreement; harmony; inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (#) consonant <> dissentient, dissonant, discrepant 3 ○ 3 consonance <> discrepancy ○ inconsonant <> in agreement dissent to differ in opinion dissonant adj. discordant, incongruous 3 *conspicuous ○ adj. easy to notice; obvious’ attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable inconspicuous : overlook :: tractable : lead inconspicuous : overlook :: consistent : predictable authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous conspicuous : sheltered :: (#)
blatant, salient, prominent <> inconspicuous 3 conspicuous <> nondescript ○ salient adj. standing out conspicuously : PROMINENT hermit n. one that retires from society and lives in solitude nondescript adj. lacking distinctive or interesting qualities 3 *conspire * ○ to plan together secretly to commit an illegal or wrongful act or accomplish a legal purpose through illegal action uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver conspire : plan/cooperate :: purloin : take :: infiltrate : enter :: abscond : depart :: stalk : 3 follow : insinuate : say :: spy : watch ○ uncouth adj. strange or clumsy in shape or appearance churl n. a rude ill-bred person purloin to appropriate wrongfully by a breach of trust connive to cooperate secretly insinuate to introduce (as oneself) by stealthy, smooth, or artful means infiltrate to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually 3 *constancy ○ n. steadfastness, as in purpose or affection; faithfulness the condition or quality of being constant; changelessness 3 constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage ○ constancy : turncoat :: sagacity : simpleton inconstant <> equable, invariant, steady, steadfast 3 constancy <> turncoat ○ constant <> volatile, capricious, mercurial, vacillating, not persistent, unstable, intermittent 3 ○ stalwart n. an unwavering partisan; adj. marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit turncoat n one who switches to an opposing side or party sagacious adj. of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment : DISCERNING simpleton n. a person lacking in common sense volatile adj. easily aroused intermittent adj. not continuous; occasional 3 *constellation ○ n. an assemblage, collection, or gathering of usually related persons, qualities, or things constellation : star :: chord : note :: bouquet : 3 flower ○ chord n. three or more musical tones sounded simultaneously 3 *consternation ○ n. a state of paralyzing dismay 3 consternation <> composure ○ composure n. : a calmness or repose especially of mind *constitute to found (an institution); to appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate constitute <> abdicate
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abdicate to renounce a throne, high office, dignity *constrain to force by imposed stricture, restriction, or limitation constrain <> release constrained <> intemperate intemperate given to excessive use of intoxicating liquors 3 *constrict ○ to make narrow or draw together b : COMPRESS, SQUEEZE 3 constrict : diameter :; truncate : length ○ truncate to shorten by or as if by cutting off *constringe to cause to contract; constrict commodious <> constringed construct to form by assembling or combining parts; build construct : remodel :: compose : edit consumerism the promotion of the consumer's interests consumer ant. peddler, seller, vendor, marketer consumerism <> 3 *consummate ○ adj. complete in every detail : PERFECT; extremely skilled and accomplished of the highest degree to finish; make perfect; accomplish consummate: amateurish :: (#) consummate <> incomplete, unfinished, worst consummate <> abrogate 3 consummate <> amateurish ○ abrogate to abolish by authoritative action : ANNUL *contagious adj. spreading or tending to spread from one to another; infectious sprain : injury :: cold : contagion contagious <> incommunicable sprain n. a sudden or violent twist or wrench of a joint with stretching or tearing of ligaments contaminate hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident contaminate <> purify *contemplate to look at attentively and thoughtfully ant. discard, disregard, forget, neglect, scorn, slight contemplate <> 3 *contempt ○ adj. disparaging or haughty disdain, as for something base or unworthy; scorn measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly 3 contemptuous : scornfulness :: ○ 3 contempt : libel :: ○ redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt contemptible <> estimable measly adj. contemptibly small puny adj. of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak
libel n. defamation of a person by written or representational means redoubtable adj. causing fear or alarm : FORMIDABLE; ILLUSTRIOUS, EMINENT; broadly : worthy of respect wince to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress despicable adj. deserving of contempt or scorn; vile pout to exhibit displeasure or disappointment *contend to strive in debate : ARGUE ant. cede, give in, give up, surrender; harmonize, ignore, overlook contend <> 3 *content ○ to appease the desires of; to limit (oneself) in requirements, desires, or actions disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, commitment ::anxious : serenity gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration admiration : praise:: discontent: complain 3 content <> disaffected, restive ○ restiveness <> contentment contented <> avaricious gripe to AFFLICT, DISTRESS, IRRITATE, VEX disaffected adj. resentful and rebellious, especially against authority restive adj. marked by impatience : FIDGETY avaricious adj. greedy of gain : excessively acquisitive especially in seeking to hoard riches 3 *contend * * ○ to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties : STRUGGLE; to strive in debate : ARGUE contention <> general agreement, concurrence, , 3 concordance, accommodation, conciliation ○ 3 contentious <> conciliatory, friendly, agreeable ○ *contest to make the subject of dispute, contention, or litigation; especially : DISPUTE, CHALLENGE ant. agree, allow, give up, resign contest<> 3 *contiguous ○ adj. sharing an edge or boundary; touching; neighboring; adjacent ant. apart, away, detached, disconnected, distant, far, faraway, nonadjacent, remote, separate 3 contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide ○ contiguous <> continence n. self-restraint; moderation; voluntary control over urinary and fecal discharge. continence <> indulgence
ant. certain, definite, real, sure, truthful, unconditional contingent <> continuous adj. uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent; attached together in repeated units continuity <> disjunction 3 continuum ○ n. compact set which cannot be separated into two sets neither of which contains a limit point of the other 3 continuum <> disparate concept, irrelevance ○ 3 contort ○ to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape ant. beautify, smooth; shape nicely, straight 3 contortion : body :: grimace : face ○ contort <> contortion <> grimace n. a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval contract to enter into by contract; establish or settle by formal agreement; to reduce in size by drawing together; shrink contract : implode :: descend : plummet (<) contract <> plummet to drop sharply and abruptly implode to become greatly reduced as if from collapsing 3 contravene * ○ to act or be counter to; violate; to oppose in argument; gainsay paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise (c) 3 , support, buttress contravene <> uphold ○ 3 contretemps ○ n. an inopportune or embarrassing occurrence or situation contretemps <> felicific, luck, opportune 3 occurrence ○ felicific adj. causing or intended to cause happiness contrite adj. feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant 3 contrite <> impenitent, unapologetic ○ penitent adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT
continent adj. sexually self-restrained; chaste; capacious; continuous in duration ant. corrupt, defiled, dirty, lewd, unchaste, wanton; extravagant, indulgent, spending continent <>
contrive to form or create in an artistic or ingenious manner contrived : design :: (=)
contingent adj. liable to occur but not with certainty; possible; dependent on conditions or occurrences not yet established; conditional
control n. an individual or group used as a standard of comparison in a control experiment control <> group experimented on
3 contrived <> natural, genuine, spontaneous ○ contrive <>
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3 controvert ○ to raise arguments against; voice opposition to 3 controvert <> substantiate, confirm ○ substantiate to establish by proof or competent evidence contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, : change, innovation, novelty contumacious <> obedient reactionary adj. ultraconservative in politics hidebound adj. stubbornly prejudiced, narrowminded, or inflexible conundrum * * n. a riddle in which a fanciful question is answered by a pun; a paradoxical, insoluble, or difficult problem; a dilemma conundrum : solve :: tangle : unravel :: dilemma : 3 arbitrate (A is hard to B) ○ conundrum : perplexing :: polemic : contentious 3 ○ tangle to unite or knit together in intricate confusion unravel to resolve the intricacy, complexity, or obscurity of : clear up arbitrate to decide; determine contentious adj. exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes convalesce to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate ant. deteriorate; harm, inure; weaken, worsen recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce convalesce <> recidivism n. a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior relapse to slip or fall back into a former worse state convene to come together usually for an official or public purpose; assemble formally convene <> adjourn adjourn to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place convenience n. the quality of being suitable to one's comfort, purposes, or needs opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience (=) opportune <> inconvenient opportune adj. suited or right for a particular purpose 3 convention ○ overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated (#) 3 offbeat <> conventional ○ 3 conventional <> eccentric ○ ossify <> transcend conventions discretion n. ability to make responsible decisions doyen n. a person considered to be knowledgeable or uniquely skilled as a result of long experience in some field of endeavor uninitiated adj. not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced ossify to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern
transcend to rise above or go beyond the limits of 3 convergent ○ adj. tending to move toward one point or to approach each other 3 converge <> ramify, spread out ○ 3 convergent <> moving apart ○ convergence <> discrepancy ramify to split up into branches or constituent parts discrepant adj. being at variance : DISAGREEING
prosecute to bring legal action against for redress or punishment of a crime or violation of law (기소, 고발) cogent adj. appealing forcibly to the mind or reason convivial adj. fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable convivial : social :: (=) 3 convoke ○ to cause to assemble in a meeting; convene
3 conversant ○ adj. familiar, as by study or experience
3 convoke <> adjourn ○
3 conversant <> unfamiliar, ignorant ○ conversance <> lack of familiarity ignorant adj. lacking knowledge or comprehension of the thing specified
3 convoluted ○ adj. intricate; complicated convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience
convert to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another veer : direction :: convert : belief proselytizer : convert :: grandstand : impress (=) salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat :: mediator : reconcile :: grandstand : impress convert <> hold, remain veer to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose proselytizer to induce someone to convert to one's faith grandstand adj. done for show or to impress onlookers convertible four-poster : bed :: convertible : automobile (KIND) four-poster n.a bed with tall often carved corner posts convex adj. having a surface or boundary that curves or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere convex <> dent convey to transfer or deliver to another collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey splint : immobilize :: duct : convey collude to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose duct n. a pipe, tube, or channel that conveys a substance conviction n.(law) a. the judgment of a jury or judge that a person is guilty of a crime as charged b. the state of being found or proved guilty ant. overturning, invalidation; confusion, distrust, doubt, fear, hesitancy, misgiving, shyness, uncertainty disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction (A lack B) mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction (A is for B) cogent <> unconvincing conviction <> disaffected adj. resentful and rebellious, especially against authority
3 ○ convoluted : complexity :: transient : evanescence 3 ○ convoluted : simplicity :: threadbare, timeworn : 3 novelty○ 3 convoluted : complex :: effulgent : resplendent ○ 3 convoluted : complex :: empty : void ○ 3 convoluted <> straightforward ○ ephemeral adj. lasting for a markedly brief time evanescent adj. vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor threadbare adj. exhausted of interest or freshness effulgent adj. radiant splendor : BRILLIANCE resplendent adj. shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor convulsion n.an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the muscles; a : a violent disturbance Ant. harmony, peace; tranquility, silence; calm, pleasure convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion convulsion <> frenzy n. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement coo to make the low soft cry of a dove; to talk fondly, amorously, or appreciatively coo <> cool 3 cool : temperature :: weaken : potency ○ potency n. FORCE, POWER coolheaded adj. not easily excited coop n. an enclosure or cage, as for poultry or small animals corral : horses :: coop : chickens corral n. an enclosure for confining or capturing livestock cooperate 3 cooperate : connive :: take : steal ○ 3 cooperative : conspire :: eavesdrop : listen ○ 3 copious ○ 1. yielding or containing plenty; affording ample supply
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2. large in quantity; abundant 3. abounding in matter, thoughts, or words; wordy 3 copious : abundant :: ○ 3 copious <> sparse, dearth, meager, scanty ○ dearth n. an inadequate supply : LACK coquette n. a woman who endeavors without sincere affection to gain the attention and admiration of men supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious beseech to address an earnest or urgent request to flirt to behave amorously without serious intent cord n. a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land :: volt : electricity :: quart :liquid cord <> ream n. a quantity of paper cordon n. a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to prevent passage levee : river :: cordon : crowd levee n. an embankment for preventing flooding corn 3 corn: husk :: orange : rind ○ 3 cornucopia ○ n. an inexhaustible store : ABUNDANCE cornucopia : abundance :: mace : authority (=) cornucopia <> dearth, lack, pittance, modicum, 3 paucity○ mace n. an ornamental staff borne as a symbol of authority before a public official or a legislative body pittance n. a small portion, amount, or allowance corona n. the tenuous outermost part of the atmosphere of a star (as the sun) corona : sun :: atmosphere : planet atmosphere n. the gaseous envelope of a celestial body (as a planet
lean adj. lacking richness, sufficiency, or productiveness
costume costume <>
corral n. an enclosure for confining livestock corral : horses :: coop : chickens
coterie * n. an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose coterie : group :: coterie: intimate :: flock : bird, sheep :: clique :
correlative adj. naturally related : CORRESPONDING correlative <> irrelative, unrelated 3 corrective ○ adj. intended to correct 3 corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify ○ corrective <> correspond * * 3 correspond : letter : barter: commodity ○ correspond <> disagree, dis, conflict , incongruent corroborate to support with evidence or authority corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood 3 corroborate <> lessening of certainty ○ 3 corroborate <> deny, controvert ○ calumniate to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about corrosive adj. 1. having the capability or tendency to cause corrosion; gradually destructive; steadily harmful; spitefully sarcastic etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (c) corrugate to form or shape into wrinkles or folds or into alternating ridges and grooves : FURROW corrugated <> smooth corrugate <> 3 corrupt ○ adj. marked by immorality and perversion; depraved; venal; dishonest; containing errors or alterations, as a text 3 corruption <> purity ○ corrupt <>
coronation n. the act or ceremony of crowning a sovereign or the sovereign's consort
coruscate to give off or reflect light in bright beams or flashes : SPARKLE
3 coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage ○ coronation <> reign n. royal authority : SOVEREIGNTY
cosmopolitan adj. having worldwide rather than limited or provincial scope or bearing bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination insularity <> cosmopolitanism insular <> cosmopolitan servile adj. abjectly submissive; slavish insular adj. characteristic of an isolated people; especially: being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint
3 corporeal ○ adj. not spiritual; not immaterial or intangible corporeal <> intangible, disembodied, spiritual, 3 immaterial, disembody , insubstantial ○ incorporeal <> incarnate incarnate adj. made manifest or comprehensible disembody to divest of a body, of corporeal existence 3 corpulent *○ adj. excessively fat corpulent <> emaciated, thin, gaunt. leanness 3 corpulence <> leanness ○ emaciate to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin gaunt adj. excessively thin and angular
3 cosset * ○ to treat as a pet 3 cosset : denounce (#)○ cosset <> be mean, ignore, denounce, mistreat. 3 treat harshly, slight ○ cosseted <> unspoiled denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil slight to treat with disdain or indifference
3 intimates :: pack : wolf ○ intimate n. an intimate friend or confidant 3 countenance * * *○ n. bearing or expression that offers approval or sanction : moral support 3 countenance : toleration :: demur : objection (=)○ countenance <> condemn, forbid, refuse to approve, refuse to tolerate, regard with disfavor 3 ○ 3 counter○ adj. given to or marked by opposition, hostility, or antipathy ant. accommodating, agreeing, alike, concordant, correspondent, harmonious, homogeneous, like, obliging, similar 3 counter <> righteousness (?) ○ counterfeit to make a copy of, usually with the intent to defraud; forge; to make a pretense of; feign ant. genuine, real, true sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money counterfeit <> sophism n. an argument apparently correct in form but actually invalid countermand to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or order) ant. allow, approve, permit, sanction countermand : order :: rescind : law :: revoke : license countermand <> rescind to make void; repeal or annul 3 countless ○ 3 countless : number :: everlasting : duration ○ coup n. a brilliant, sudden, and usually highly successful stroke or act ant. defeat, failure, frustration, nullification coup <> 3 couple ○ to link together; connect; to join as spouses; marry couple <> disconnect 3 couple <> divide ○ couplet n. unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually rhyming and having the same meter and often forming a complete thought or syntactic unit couplet : sentence :: courageous adj. having or characterized by courage; valiant courage : rashness :: generosity : prodigality courage : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness
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courageous <> diffident prodigal adj. recklessly extravagant bravado n. a pretense of bravery compliment n. an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration fulsome adj. excessively complimentary or flattering 3 court ○ to try to gain the love or affections of, especially to seek to marry; to attempt to gain the favor of by attention or flattery court <> repel intentionally, repulse intentionally, 3 snub, reject, shun ○ spurn <> court, crave, embrace spurn to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; crave to want greatly : NEED courtesy 1. a. polite behavior b. a polite gesture or remark 2. a. consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence b. willingness or generosity in providing something needed ant. bad-mannered, discourteous, impolite, rude, uncivil, uncourteous, unmannerly, unrefined courteous <> courtesy <> 3 courtroom ○ n. a room in which a court of law is held lawyer : courtroom :: gladiator : arena lawyer : court :: 3 courtroom : trial :: stadium : game ○ gladiator n. : a person engaged in a fight to the death as public entertainment for ancient Romans arena n. an area in a Roman amphitheater for gladiatorial combats coven n. an assembly or band of usually 13 witches retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retainer n. a person attached or owing service to a household retinue. a group of retainers or attendants covert 1. not openly practice, avowed, engaged in, accumulated, or shown; 2. covered or covered over; sheltered covert <> overt, open overt adj. open to view : MANIFEST 3 covetous *○ adj. excessively and culpably desirous of the possessions of another; marked by extreme desire to acquire or possess troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious :: enthusiastic : mania (A<< B) 3 covetous : desire :: prodigal : spend (>)○ paltry : covert :: despicable : admire (?) distraught adj. agitated with doubt or mental conflict rapacious adj. excessively grasping or covetous prodigal adj. recklessly extravagant paltry adj. MEAN, DESPICABLE 3 cow * ○ to destroy the resolve or courage of 3 , embolden cow <> hearten ○ cowed <> undaunted embolden <> abash, faze, cow undaunted adj. not discouraged or disheartened abash to make ashamed or uneasy; disconcert
faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert coward n. one who shows ignoble fear in the face of danger or pain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate (←) 3 ○ coward : brave :: philanthropist : selfish coward : crave :: dupe : gullible 3 cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize(←) ○ pluck <> cowardice pluck n. courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds : dogged resolution choler n. ready disposition to irritation : IRASCIBILITY; also : ANGER 3 cower ○ to cringe in fear fear : cower :: anger : rant rant to utter with violence or extravagance cower <> bristle, brazenly confront, advance 3 brashly ○ bristle to take on an aggressive attitude or appearance brash adj. heedless of the consequences : AUDACIOUS 3 coy * ○ adj. tending to avoid people and social situations; reserved; affectedly and usually flirtatiously shy or modest; annoyingly unwilling to make a commitment coy <> blatant, brash, brass, brazen, impudent 3 coy <> frank, unabashed, immodest ○ cozen to mislead by means of a petty trick or fraud; deceive; to persuade or induce to do something by cajoling or Wheedling; 3. to obtain by deceit or persuasion credulous : cozen :: tractable : control cozen <> deal with forthrightly credulous adj. ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence craft 1. skill in doing or making something, as in the arts; Proficiency; 2. skill in evasion or deception; guile 3. a. an occupation or trade requiring manual dexterity or skilled artistry ant. clumsiness, ignorance, inability, inadequacy, inanity, incompetence, stupidity, weakness; honesty, openness craft <> 3 cramp ○ adj. hard to understand or figure out ; being cramped 3 commodious <> constricted, cramped ○ 3 cramped <> comfortable, uncongested ○ cramp <> cranky adj. having a bad disposition; peevish; working unpredictably; erratic ant. amiable, cheerful, happy; easy, goodnatured, nice cranky <> 3 crass ○
adj. crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination and sensibility 3 crass <> refined, judicious ○ judicious adj. discrete, wise crate to pack in a crate ant. dismantle, unpack, untie envelope : letter :: crate : produce (pp3) crate <> 3 crave ○ to have an intense desire for; to need urgently; require; to beg earnestly for; implore ant. abjure, dislike, hate, not want, spurn terror : fear :: craving : desire (>) crave : longing :: exult : satisfaction crave <> spurn <> court, crave, embrace 3 craving <> aversion, spurn ○ exult to rejoice greatly; be jubilant or triumphant spurn to reject something disdainfully court to seek to attract embrace to welcome 3 craven ○ adj. lacking the least bit of courage 3 craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (#)○ craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift craven : heroic :: volatile : constant :: permanent : erratic craven : confront :: honest : deceive dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible craven <> valorous parsimonious adj. excessively sparing or frugal spendthrift , (prodigal) wasteful or extravagant dastard n. coward valorous adj. possessing great personal bravery; valiant crawl to move or progress slowly or laboriously ant. rush, hurry; fix, pause, stay, stop; activate, invigorate crawl : proceed :: dwindle : decrease crawl <> dwindle to become steadily less crease n. a line made by pressing, folding, or wrinkling crease : folding :: hole : perforating (B make A) perforate to make a hole through 3 credence ○ n. mental acceptance as true or real; CREDIBILITY credence <> disbeliever, distrust, doubt, 3 skepticism ○ credence <> dislodgement, misplacement (?) credible * adj. offering reasonable grounds for being believed 3 credible <> implausible ○ 3 credibility : belief :: ○ implausible adj. not plausible : provoking disbelief 3 credulous * ○ adj. disposed to believe too readily; gullible; arising from or characterized by credulity credulous : cozen :: tractable : control (easy to be 3 B) ○ :: credulous : believe (easy to B)
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credulous : dupe :: insensitive : boor skeptic : credulous :: penitent : obdurate (#) incredulous : persuade :: credulity : guile :: (if A, easy to B) 3 credulous <> skeptical ○ credulity <> skepticism incredulity <> faith (sincerity, gullibility ) cozen to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery penitent adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses guile adj. deceitful cunning : DUPLICITY 3 creek ○ 3 :: pebble : rock hill : mountain :: creek : river ○ stream > creek > brook > rivulet, streamlet, rill rivulet n. a small stream 3 creep * ○ to go very slowly; to go timidly or cautiously so as to escape notice 3 creep <> moved swiftly ○
3 criticize ○ 3 criticize : libel :: reject : denounce (publicly) ○ libel to make or publish a libel against denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil croak to make a deep harsh sound; grumble ant. speak clearly 3 croaking : croon :: scratching : caress (>)○ croak <> croon to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner caress n. a light stroking, rubbing, or patting
adj. being in an unrefined or natural state; raw; lacking tact, refinement, or taste ant. gentle, nice, polished, refined, tasteful delicacy <> crudity crude <> 3 crumb ○ n. a small fragment especially of something baked (as bread) 3 crumb : bread :: splinter : wood ○ 3 shard : ceramic, pottery :: crumb : cake ○ splinter n. a thin piece split or broken off lengthwise shard n. a piece or fragment of a brittle substance
cronyism n. favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzle to take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust
crumble to break into small fragments or particles friable : crumble :: malleable : alter friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended friable adj. easily crumbled or pulverized
3 croon ○ to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner
crumple to crush together or press into wrinkles; rumple; to cause to fall apart ant. straighten; build, increase, rise fold : crumple :: defeat : overwhelm (<) crumple <>
crump adj. brittle; easily broken ant. durable, sturdy, unbreakable crump <>
3 creep <> swift, quick movement ○ crescendo a. gradually increasing in volume, force, or intensity crescendo : sound :: acceleration : tempo crescendo <> decrease in volume 3 crest ○ n. : PEAK; especially : the top line of a mountain or hill b : the ridge of a roof c : the top of a wave ant. base, bottom, nadir 3 crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain ○ crest <> 3 crestfallen ○ adj. dispirited and depressed; dejected crestfallen <> ecstatic, elated, euphoric, exultant, jubilant 3 crestfallen <> panache ○ panache n. dash or flamboyance in style and action exultant adj. marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant jubilant adj. exultingly joyful; expressing joy 3 crime ○ crime : theft :: 3 crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff (>)○ criminality : law :: factionalism : consensus (not 3 follow B) ○ faction n. party spirit especially when marked by dissension tiff n. a petty quarrel cringe to shrink back, as in fear; cower; to behave in a servile way; fawn ant. come out; confront, face; encourage, welcome cringe <> criterion : a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based
3 croon : sing :: murmur : speak ○ croaking : croon :: crossfire n. a brisk exchange of words or opinions; a situation involving conflicting claims, forces crossfire <> 3 crotchety ○ adj. capriciously stubborn or eccentric; perverse crotchety <> genial, sweet, yielding, stable, 3 amiable ○ 3 crouch ○ to pres the entire body close to the ground with the limbs bent;. to bend servilely or timidly; cringe crouch : spring :: hover : plunge (#) 3 , erect crouch <> stand upright ○ crouch <> erect posture, upright posture crow to make the loud shrill sound characteristic of a cock ;to brag exultantly or blatantly ant. be modest, be quiet, deprecate crow <> crowd 3 crowd : people :: bouquet : flower ○ crowd : people :: school : fish crown inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king crucial adj. extremely significant or important; vital to the resolution of a crisis; decisive relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious crucial <> inconsequential peripheral <> crucial peripheral adj. AUXILIARY, SUPPLEMENTARY crude
3 crust ○ n. the hardened exterior or surface part of bread; a hard surface layer ant. center, inside, interior, middle crust : loaf :: bark : tree :: enamel : tooth :: rind : 3 crust <> apple○ 3 crutch * * ○ to support on crutches : prop up 3 crutch : walk :: glasses, lens : see ○ 3 crutch : support :: ○ 3 crux * * ○ n. an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an outcome crux <> peripheral element, pettiness, 3 unimportant element ○ 3 cryptic ○ adj. having hidden meaning; mystifying ;secret or occult cipher : cryptic :: precise : concise cryptic : perplex :: degrading : debase 3 cryptic <> self explanatory, self explaining ○ precise n. a concise summary of a book, an article, or another text; an abstract cuisine connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine culminate to reach its highest altitude ant. fall, plunge culminate <> 3 culpable * ○ adj. deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious
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exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame culpable : condemnation :: estimable : admiration 3 ○ culpable : calumniation :: confession : culpability :: testimonial : appreciation (A is a sign of B, A=expression of B) culpable <> above reproach, innocent 3 cultivate * *○ to improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or fertilizing, for raising crops; till. To grow or tend (a plant or crop); to promote the growth of (a biological culture). cultivate : crop :: foster, nurture : child cultivate : garden :: explore : cave cultivate <> cause to wither, decline, impede, 3 neglect, stunt, inhibit growth on ○ cultivated <> feral feral adj. not domesticated or cultivated : WILD cumbersome adj. difficult to handle because of weight or bulk; troublesome onerous cumbersome <> easy to handle, handy, wieldy wieldy adj. (manageable) easily wielded or managed cunning adj. marked by or given to artful subtlety and deceptiveness; executed with or exhibiting ingenuity cunning : gulled :: watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped cunning <> artless, ingenuous cupidity n. inordinate desire for wealth : AVARICE, GREED cupidity <> generosity curative adj.. serving or tending to cure ant. harmful, hurting, injurious, painful curative <> curator ranger : forest :: curator : museum curators : paintings :: librarians : books curator : art :: archivist : documents 3 curb ○ to check or control with or as if with a curb
daft <> judicious, prudent, wise, far-seeing, wellcurriculum curriculum : course :: menu : dish curry favor to seek to gain favor by flattery or attention ant. belittlement, castigation, condemnation, criticism, denunciation, insult, offense curry favor <> curse n. a. an appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall someone or something; the evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to such an appeal curse <> benediction 3 cursory ○ adj. performed with haste and scant attention to detail cursory <> painstakingly thorough, pinpoint, slow 3 and thorough, exhaustive, meticulous ○ fastidious <> easygoing, cursory, uncritical 3 curt ○ adj. rudely brief or abrupt, as in speech or manner; using few words; terse 3 curt : word :: parsimonious : recourse ○ 3 curt <> protract ○ parsimonious adj. frugal to the point of stinginess curtail to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some part ant. extend, prolong; amplify curtail <> curtain curtain : stage :: veil : face custody n. : immediate charge and control ant. freedom, liberty, liberation custody <>
D 3 dab * ○ to apply lightly or irregularly 3 dab <> coat thoroughly ○
3 curb <> goad, spur, lack of restraint ○ 3 curb <> promote to proceed, unbridle, impel ○ goad to incite or rouse as if with a goad spur to incite to action or accelerated growth or development : STIMULATE impel to impart motion to : PROPEL
3 dabble * ○ to work or involve oneself superficially or intermittently especially in a secondary activity or interest dabbler : dedication :: martinet : leniency dabbler : dedicated :: artlessness : canny, cunning,
curiosity curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel
3 clever, shrewd (lack) ○ dabble : superficial :: (c)
3 curmudgeon ○ n. : an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn notions 3 curmudgeon <> agreeable person ○
3 dabble <> dedicate, devote, specialize ○ dabbler <> specialist, dedicated professional, 3 devotee ○ martinet n. a strict disciplinarian lenient adj. of mild and tolerant disposition; especially : INDULGENT
3 current ○ adj. RUNNING, FLOWING; presently elapsing ant. outmode, old-fashion, disuse
3 daft * * * ○ adj. crazy; foolish, stupid; mad, insane; frivolously gay
3 current : dated :: (#)○ currency <>
3 daft : sanity :: skeptic : credulity, credibility (#)○
3 advised ○ 3 sanity <> daftness ○ daft <> sagacious judicious adj. having or exhibiting sound judgment credulity n. readiness or willingness to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence credible adj. offering reasonable grounds for being believed sanity n. soundness or health of mind secure adj. assured in opinion or expectation : having no doubt dagger n. a sharp pointed knife for stabbing dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster scabbard n. a sheath for a sword, dagger, or bayonet holster n. a leather or fabric case for carrying a firearm on the person daguerreotype n. an early photograph produced on a silver or a silver-covered copper plate daguerreotype : photograph :: musket : firearm musket n. a heavy large-caliber muzzle-loading usually smoothbore shoulder firearm dais a raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or honored guests dais : honor :: stadium : compete dais <> 3 dally ○ to play amorously; flirt; to waste time; dawdle dally : times :: squander : money dally : playful :: (c) dally <> struggle, strive; dart, hustle, bolt, hurry 3 up, dash ○ strive to devote serious effort or energy : ENDEAVOR dart to move suddenly or rapidly hustle to convey forcibly or hurriedly bolt to move suddenly or nervously 3 damage ○ 3 damage : ruin :: hamper : thwart ○ 3 damn ○ to pronounce an adverse judgment upon; to bring about the failure of; ruin; to condemn as harmful, illegal, or immoral 3 damn <> extol, adulate○ damp * * to make damp or moist; moisten’ to restrain or check; discourage abase : prestige :: damp : ardor 3 dampen : ardor :: abase : prestige ○ 3 dampen : sound :: dim : light ○ damp <> amplify sere <> lush, damp damper <> ameliorator dampen <> increase intensity, parch, scorch dampen <> intensify, strengthen, invigorate, 3 enliven ○ sere adj. being dried and withered ameliorate to make or become better; improve
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dim adj. emitting a limited or insufficient amount of light parch to become dry or scorched scorch to dry or shrivel with or as if with intense heat 3 dancer ○ 3 dancer : ballet :: instrumentalist : symphony ○ dander n. temper or anger ant. agreeability, calmness, contentment, enjoyment, good nature, happiness, joy, peace, pleasantness dander <> 3 dandy * ○ n. man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn dandy : preen :: pundit : opine 3 dandy <> careless dresser ○ hoard to lay up a hidden fund or supply for future use preen to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP opine to hold or state as an opinion dank * * adj. disagreeably damp or humid dank : moisture :: dappled : spot
dash <> apathy, dullness, languor, lethargy, 3 torpor ○ to move with sudden speed 3 dash <> dally, dawdle, linger, tarry, lumber ○ languor n. listless indolence or inertia lethargy n. the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish torpor n. extreme sluggishness or stagnation of function dally to waste time b : LINGER, DAWDLE dawdle to spend time idly linger to be slow in parting or in quitting something : TARRY tarry to delay or be tardy in acting or doing lumber to move ponderously dastard n. COWARD; a person who acts treacherously or underhandedly ant. aggressor, hero dastard <> 3 dated * ○ adj. marked with or displaying a date ; oldfashioned; out-of-date 3 :: spent : dated : currency :: spent : efficacy ○ solvency (LACK) spent adj. drained of energy or effectiveness : EXHAUSTED solvent adj. able to pay all legal debts
3 dank : moisture :: sweltering : heat ○ 3 dank <> arid, parched, desiccated ○ dappled adj. marked with small spots or patches swelter to become exceedingly hot 3 dapper ○ adj. neat and trim in appearance slovenly : dapper :: indulgent : adherent (?) dapper : fastidious :: 3 , slovenly, unkempt dapper, natty <> frowzy ○ slovenly adj. untidy especially in personal appearance fastidious adj. showing or demanding excessive delicacy natty adj. trimly neat and tidy : SMART frowzy adj. having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance unkempt adj. deficient in order or neatness dappled adj. spotted; mottled striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot groove n. a long narrow channel or depression daredevil n.recklessly bold person prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction daredevil : audacity :: malcontent : dissatisfaction dart to move suddenly or rapidly n. a small missile usually with a pointed shaft at one end and feathers at the other descend : plummet :: move : dart :: lessen : eliminate dart : missile :: skiff : boat (KIND) skiff n. any of various small boats 3 dash *○ n. a sudden onset, rush, or attempt
3 daunt * * dauntless * * *○ to abate the courage of; discourage dauntless incapable of being intimidated or discouraged dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment dauntless : trepidation :: unversed : familiarity 3 dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain ○ dauntless : fear :: unscrupulous : qualm 3 (without)○ fearless : daunt :: impassive : perturb cowed <> undaunted daunt <> embolden, make resolute, hearten, 3 cheer, urge on ○ daunting <> meek dauntless <>craven, easily discouraged, 3 pusillanimous, trepid, timorous, coward, fearful ○ 3 daunted, irresolute <> undeterred ○ footloose adj. having no attachment or ties irrepressible adj. difficult or impossible to control impassive adj. giving no sign of feeling or emotion cow to destroy the resolve or courage of meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE craven adj. characterized by abject fear; cowardly pusillanimous adj. lacking courage; cowardly scrupulous adj. having moral integrity qualm n. a feeling of uneasiness about a point especially of conscience or propriety 3 dawdle *○ to take more time than necessary; to move aimlessly or lackadaisically 3 dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated ○ dawdle, ramble : move :: doodle : draw dawdle <> hie dawdler <> punctilious adj. marked by or concerned about precise ance with the details of codes or conventions
philistine n. a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values ramble to move aimlessly from place to place hie to go quickly; hasten doodle n. an aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch daze to stun, as with a heavy blow or shock; stupefy to dazzle, as with strong light ant. clear up, enlighten, explain daze <> dazzle to dim the vision of, especially to blind with intense light deactivate to make inactive or ineffective deactivate <> potentiate potentiate to make effective or active or more effective deaden to render less intense, sensitive, or vigorous ant. animate, build, enliven, increase, strengthen ; aggravate, agitate, disturb, irritate, perturb tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden deaden <> analgesia n. insensibility to pain without loss of consciousness 3 deadpan ○ n. a blank, expressionless face 3 deadpan : impassive :: impudent : brazen ○ deadpan : impassive :: insightful : discerning impudent adj. lacking modesty dearth n. a scarce supply; a lack surfeit, spate, copiousness, plethora <> dearth spate n. a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring plethora n. a superabundance; an excess debacle n. a sudden, disastrous collapse, downfall, or defeat; a total, often ludicrous failure debacle <> complete success, eclat eclat n. brilliant or conspicuous success ; APPLAUSE 3 debark ○ to unload, as from a ship or an airplane debark : ship :: unload : truck 3 debark <> embark, get on, depart ○ debase * * to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade 3 debase : value :: retrenchment : money ○ debase : value :: attenuate : density, force 3 debase : value :: attenuate : power, strength ○ enervation : vitality :: debasement : value debase : status :: lower : height :: chill : 3 temperature ○ 3 debase <> ennoble ○ debasement <> deification, elevation, 3 ennoblement ○ attenuate to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of : WEAKEN retrenchment n. REDUCTION, CURTAILMENT ennoble to make noble : ELEVATE deify to make a god of b to take as an object of worship
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debate to engage in argument by discussing opposing ant. agree; abstain, keep quiet, keep silent box : fight :: debate : argue debate <> 3 debauchery ○ n. extreme indulgence in sensual pleasures; dissipation. 3 debauchery <> asceticism ○ ascetic adj. austere in appearance, manner, or attitude
3 deceitful ○ adj. having a tendency or disposition to deceive ant. law-abiding, sincere, trustworthy, upright, artless, straightforward deceitful <> 3 deceive <> be forthright, advise ○ deception <> deceptive adj. tending or having power to deceive : MISLEADING ant. genuine, honest, infallible deceptive <> advise to give information or notice to
to recite in elocution in public ant. hide, conceal; articulate, mispronounce declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse 3 ○ declamation : grandiloquence :: burlesque : 3 mockery ○ declamation <> decode to convert from code into plain text tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled
decelerate 3 debilitate * * ○ to sap the strength or energy of; enervate attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength debilitate <> invigorate, fortify, give energy, 3 energize ○ 3 debilitating <> recuperative ○ recuperate to recover health or strength 3 debonair ○ adj. suave; urbane; affable; genial; carefree and gay; jaunty 3 debonair <> awkward ○ debonair, sophisticated <> uncouth uncouth adj. strange or clumsy in shape or appearance 3 debris ○ n. the remains of something broken down or destroyed 3 debris : destroy :: ash : burn ○ 3 debunk ○ to expose the sham or falseness of 3 debunk : deceive, conceive :: (#)○ debunk <> affirm, verify debunk <> perpetuate to sham, unexpose, shroud, 3 deceive, conceal, hide ○ perpetuate to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely sham n. a trick that deludes : HOAX shroud to veil under another appearance conceal to place out of sight 3 debut ○ 3 debut : career :: embark : journey ○ 3 debut : career :: inauguration : public official ○ debut <> farewell performance embark to make a start decadence n. a process, condition, or period of deterioration or decline, as in morals or art; decay decadent <> decadence <> wholesomeness wholesome adj. promoting health or well-being of mind 3 decant ○ to pour off (wine) without disturbing the sediment; to pour (a liquid) from one container into another 3 subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour ○ subterfuge n. deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade
3 decelerate : speed :: alleviate : power ○ decelerate : speed :: enervate : vitality decent 1.adj. appropriate, respectable , ant. inappropriate, indecent, poor, unrespectable 2.adj. sufficient, tolerable, ant. insufficient, intolerable, unsuitable 3.adj. marked by moral integrity, kindness, and goodwill ant. disobliging, indecent, unaccommodating, ungenerous, unkind decent <> decency <>
3 decorum ○ n. appropriateness of behavior or conduct; propriety miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum 3 decorum <> impropriety, imprudence ○ mangy, unseemly <> sleek, decorous indecorous <> proper gaffe n. a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake prudent adj. marked by wisdom or judiciousness mangy adj. having many worn spots : SEEDY, SHABBY sleek adj. smooth and glossy as if polished
decentralize to distribute the administrative functions or powers of (a central authority) among several local authorities ant. consolidation, congregation, convergence decentralization <>
3 *decrepit * * *○ adj. weakened, worn out, impaired, or broken down by old age, illness, or hard use decrepit <> vigorous, sound, sturdy, robust, hale,
decibel decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power decibel : loudness :: lumen : light ::light-year : distance decibel : sound :: kilometer : distance :: pound : weight lumen n. a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted
3 *decry ○ to condemn openly; to depreciate (currency, for example) by official proclamation or by rumor celebration : decry :: slight : show respect (#) decry <> acclaim, applaud, extol, praise,
3 decipher ○ to read or interpret (ambiguous, obscure, or illegible matter; to convert from a code or cipher to plain text indecipherable : decoded :: unmanageable : controlled encoded : decipher :: tacit : infer legible : decipher :: decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code 3 decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component ○ tacit adj. implied by or inferred from actions or statements legible adj. capable of being read or deciphered hieroglyphic adj. written in, constituting, or belonging to a system of writing mainly in pictorial characters decisive adj. RESOLUTE, DETERMINED; UNMISTAKABLE, UNQUESTIONABLE adj. indecisive, indefinite, procrastinating, deferential, delaying, hesitant, postponing, procrastinating, undecided decisive <> decisiveness <> 3 declaim n. declamation ○ to speak rhetorically to speak pompously or bombastically ant. speak humble, modestly
3 firm, alive, lively ○ decrepitude <> sturdiness, cheerfulness, alacrity
3 compliment, honor, appreciate, adulate ○ compliment n. an expression of esteem, respect, affection dedication n. a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose bigot : dedication :: rage : anger (>) zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (>) dabble <> dedicate, devote bigot n. a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or her own opinions and prejudices rage n. violent and uncontrolled anger mesmerism n. a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination dabble to work or involve oneself superficially *deduce to determine by deduction; to infer from a general principle ant. induce, measure, calculate; be irrational, nonsence deduce <> defame to harm the reputation of by libel or slander *default n. a failure to do something required by duty or law default : pay :: yield : resist (#) default <> fulfill an obligation, pay one's debt 3 *defeasible ○
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adj. capable of being annulled or made void indefeasible : annul :: ineffable : express, depict : indefeasible : annul :: ineradicable : remove 3 defeasible <> effective ○ indefeasible <> defeasible ineffable adj. incapable of being expressed in words eradicate to do away with as completely as if by pulling up by the roots 3 *defend ○ to drive danger or attack away from; to act as attorney for 3 defend : exonerate ○ political : defend :: exonerate to clear from accusation or blame defer to put off, delay ant. advance, expedite, forge, forward, hasten, hurry to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect ant. contemp, despise, dispute, pass, reject, resist, shun arrogant : defer :: defer : leader :: admire : hero defer <> deferrable <> exigent, imminent, impending, stringent(?) exigent adj. requiring immediate action or aid; urgent stringent adj. marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with regard to rule or standard deference n. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes, or judgment of another deference : authority :: emulation : exemplar reverent : deference :: exemplary : imitation defiance : resist :: obeisance : deference deference <> contempt 3 *deferential * ○ Adj. showing or expressing respect and esteem due a superior or an elder deferential : offend :: scornful : respect (A is not to B) intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend (A is 3 not to B) ○ 3 frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)○ exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence 3 deferential : offend :: adamant : yield ○ 3 deferential : salute :: affection : embrace (c) ○ impudent <> deferential, respectful deferential <> contemptuous, imperious, domineering, impudent, insulting, abusive, 3 impertinent, insolent ○ imperious adj. arrogantly domineering or overbearing impudent adj. characterized by offensive boldness obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance n. fawning intransigent adj. uncompromising venerable adj. made sacred especially by religious or historical association adamant adj. impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason salute to address with expressions of kind wishes, courtesy
3 deferrable ○ adj. capable of or suitable or eligible for being deferred deferred adj. withheld for or until a stated time; charged in cases of delayed handling deferrable <> exigent, imminent, impending, 3 stringent(?) ○ exigent adj. requiring or calling for much : DEMANDING stringent adj. TIGHT, CONSTRICTED 3 *defiance ○ n. disposition to resist : willingness to contend or fight 3 defiance : resist :: obeisance : deference ○ 3 defiance : resistance :: rational : reason ○ 3 defiant : authority :: maverick : convention ○ 3 defiant <> tractable obedience ○ maverick n. an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party 3 deficiency * * ○ n. the quality or condition of being deficient; incompleteness or inadequacy; a lack or shortage, especially of something essential to health; an insufficiency 3 deficiency <> surfeit, surplus, repletion ○ repletion n. the act of eating to excess : the state of being fed to excess : SURFEIT defile n, a narrow gorge or pas that restricts lateral movement, as of troops; a march in a line v. to make unclean or impure: as a to corrupt the purity or perfection of : DEBASE precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness defile <> precipice n. a very steep or overhanging place 3 define ○ to make distinct, clear, or detailed especially in outline 3 define <> obscure ○ 3 definitive ○ adj. precisely defined or explicit; conclusive; authoritative and complete 3 definitive <> provisional ○ provisional adj. serving for the time being : TEMPORARY 3 *deflate ○ to release contained air or gas from b. to collapse by releasing contained air or gas; to reduce or lessen the size or importance of puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled 3 deflate : air :: subjugate : independence ○ deflate : buoyancy :: deflate <> puncture to make useless or ineffective as if by a puncture : DEFLATE jar to make unstable : SHAKE unsettled adj. mentally unbalanced subjugate to make submissive : SUBDUE buoyancy n. the ability to recover quickly from depression or discouragement : RESILIENCE defoliant n. a chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to cause the leaves to drop off prematurely
defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect deforestation : tree :: insecticide : insect deforest to cut down and clear away the trees from defraud to deprive of something by deception or fraud; swindle ant. be honest defraud <> 3 defray * ○ to undertake the payment of (costs or expenses 3 defray <> entrust ○ entrust to commit to another with confidence 3 deft * * *○ adj. characterized by facility and skill; adroit; dexterous craven : admirable :: deft : awkward (#) 3 maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (#)○ deft : awkwardness :: dour : congeniality 3 deft : awkward :: dour : congenial ○ deft : maladroit :: terse : voluble deft <> maladroit, clumsy, awkward, ham-handed, 3 inept○ 3 deft <> callow ○ deftness <> maladroit, clumsy, cumbersome, 3 awkward, ham-handed ○ craven adj. lacking the least bit of courage ham-handed adj. lacking dexterity or grace : HEAVY-HANDED callow adj. lacking adult sophistication : IMMATURE dour adj. OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING congenial adj. sociable, genial 3 defuse ○ to make less harmful, potent, or tense 3 defuse <> foment○ foment to promote the growth or development of 3 defy * * * ○ to oppose or resist wit boldness and assurance; to refuse to submit to or cooperate with defiance : resistance :: obeisance : deference defiant : resistable :: defiant : resistance :: rational : reason defiant : authority :: maverick : convention acquiesce, not challenge, obey <> defy defiance <> submission, obedience defy, stand up to, resist <> submit, acquiesce, 3 yield, comply, pacify ○ defiant <> tractable stand up to; to confront fearlessly, face up to maverick n. an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party pacify to reduce to a submissive state : SUBDUE 3 *dehydrate * * ○ to remove water from (as foods); to deprive of vitality or savor abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration 3 :: fade : dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality ○ brightness :: devitalize : energy fatigue : rest, repose :: dehydration : 3 water(remove B) ○ dehydration : moisture :: descent : altitude :: desertification : vegetation descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture (A lower B)
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dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate : power dehydrate <> reconstitute, saturate, stature with 3 water, immerse ○ descent n. an inclination downward : SLOPE b : a descending way (as a downgrade or stairway) reconstitute to restore to a former condition by adding water saturate to fill completely with something that permeates stature n. quality or status gained by growth, development immerse to plunge or dip into a fluid 3 *deify *○ to make a god of; raise to the condition of a god; to worship or revere as a god; to idealize; exalt deify <> speak, watch with contempt 3 deification <> debasement ○ deign to condescend to give or offer ant. hold head high, rise above, compliment, be humble deign <> 3 deject ○ to lower the spirits of; dishearten mollify : anger :: hearten : dejection dejected : embarrassment :: (>) 3 , gladden, jocund, dejected <> exultant○ 3 amicable, jovial○ 3 dejection <> exultation, gladness, jocundity ○ 3 deject <> hearten, gladden ○ exultant adj. marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant gladden to make glad jocund adj. marked by or suggestive of high spirits and lively mirthfulness jovial adj. markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality 3 *delay ○ n. the act of delaying : the state of being delayed 3 delay <> celerity, expedition ○ celerity n. rapidity of motion or action 3 *delectable ○ adj. greatly pleasing; delightful; delicious 3 delectable <> loathsome, unpleasant ○ 3 delectable <> unsavory, unpalatable ○ palatable adj. agreeable to the palate or taste; agreeable or acceptable to the mind 3 *delegation * ○ n. a person or group of persons officially elected or appointed to represent another or others 3 delegation : represented :: ○ 3 , keep from, delegate <> assume responsibility ○ retain, hold deleterious * * * adj. having a harmful effect; injurious deleterious <> salutary, salubrious, wholesome, 3 beneficial, benignant ○ salutary adj. promoting health : CURATIVE salubrious adj. conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing
benignant adj. FAVORABLE, BENEFICIAL 3 *deliberate * ○ adj. done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effect; intentional; unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to avoid error brash : deliberation :: candor : subterfuge caprice : deliberation : impromptu : rehearsal 3 deliberate : decide :: ○ 3 deliberation <> impetuosity ○ 3 deliberate < precipitate ○ impetuous <> deliberate brash adj. heedless of the consequences: AUDACIOUS precipitate adj. falling, flowing, or rushing with steep descent subterfuge n. a deceptive stratagem or device hasty characterized by deliberation, deliberate impetuous adj. marked by force and violence of movement delicacy n. FINENESS ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense (A lack B) chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy (c) delicacy <> crudity husky <> delicate chiaroscuro n. pictorial representation in terms of light and shade without regard to color crude adj. marked by the primitive, gross, or elemental or by uncultivated simplicity or vulgarity husky adj. hoarse or rough in quality 3 *delicious ○ 3 delicious <> unpalatable, unsavory ○ delineate to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail 3 delineate <> obfuscate, muddle, cloud, confuse ○ cloud to make unclear or confused *delinquent adj. failing to do what law or duty requires; overdue in payment ant. behaving, responsible; early, paid, punctual, on time delinquent <> delirium n. a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded consciousness resulting from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion 3 *delude ○ to deceive the mind or judgment of delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception delude : disabuse :: (#) 3 delude <> disabuse ○ disabuse to free from error, fallacy, or misconception *deluge n. a great flood; a heavy downpour; something that overwhelms as if by a great flood rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide 3 deluge <> drizzle, trickle, sprinkle ○
drizzle to rain in very small drops or very lightly : SPRINKLE *delusive adj. having the nature of a delusion; false delusive <> transparent transparent adj. free from pretense or deceit : FRANK delve to make a careful or detailed search for information quaff : sip :: delve : skim (>) scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim scrutinize to examine or observe with great care skim to read, study, or examine superficially and rapidly gloss to dispose of by false or perverse interpretation demagogue n. a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and false claims and promises in order to gain power demagogue : instruct :: shirk : malinger shirk to go stealthily : SNEAK malinger to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or work demanding adj. requiring much effort or attention demanding : satisfactory :: closed-minded : sway sway to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another *demise 1. a. death b. the end of existence or activity 2. (law) transfer of an estate by lease or will 3. the transfer of a ruler's authority by death or abdication Appropriate <> demise appropriate to take exclusive possession of : ANNEX demography n. the statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density, and distribution demography : population :: meteorology : 3 weather ○ meteorology n. a science that deals with the atmosphere and its phenomena and especially with weather and weather forecasting 3 *demolish ○ to tear down completely; raze; to do away with completely; put an end to; to damage (someone's reputation, for example) severely recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition demolish <> construct 3 demolish <> construction ○ rehabilitate, *demonstrable 1. capable of being demonstrated or proved 2. obvious or apparent demonstrable <> unable to prove demonstrable <> incapable to be approved 3 demoralize ○ to undermine the confidence or morale of; dishearten; to put into disorder; confuse; to debase the morals of; corrupt dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength :: dispirit : morale :: desiccate : moisture 3 demoralize <> invigorate, cheer ○
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dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten morale n. moral principles, teachings, or conduct desiccate to dry up; to drain of emotional vitality 3 demote ○ to reduce to a lower grade or rank; to relegate to a less important position 3 demote : rank :: cheapen : value ○ demote <> promote demotion <> promotion demotion <> elevation, succeed 3 demotion <> conquest(?), inspiration(?)○ demotic adj. informal and used mainly in conversation by ordinary people; popular; COLLOQUIAL ant. correct, formal, standard, stilted demotic <> profound (?) stilted adj. formal and unnatural *demur * * to voice opposition; object; to delay demur : qualms, doubt :: waver : irresoluteness (=) 3 ○ demur : objection :: praise : approbation demur : assent :: (#) 3 demur <> accept, accede, assent ○ 3 demurral <> assent, agreement, approval ○ 3 demurrable <> agreeable, firm ○ qualm n. a sudden attack of illness, faintness, or nausea approbation n. an act of approving formally or officially b : COMMENDATION, PRAISE 3 demure ○ adj. RESERVED, MODEST; affectedly modest, reserved, or serious : COY 3 demure <> brassy ○ demystify to make less mysterious; clarify demystify <> obfuscate den 1. the shelter or retreat of a wild animal; a lair 2. a cave or hollow used as a refuge or hiding place 3. a hidden or squalid dwelling place 4. a secluded room for study or relaxation 3 *deniable ○ 3 deniable <> incontrovertible, infallible ○ infallible adj. incapable of error : UNERRING *denigrate to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of; to disparage; belittle denigrate <> exalt, honor denigration, rebuke, reprobation <> accolade *denim n. a firm durable twilled usually cotton fabric woven with colored warp and white filling threads denim <> *denouement n. a. the final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot b. the events following the climax of a drama or novel in which such a resolution or clarification
takes place; the outcome of a sequence of events; the end result ant. beginning, commencement, introduction, preface, prelude, start, initiation joke : punch line :: plot : denouement denouement <> punch line n. the climax of a joke or humorous story 3 *denounce * * ○ to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible to accuse formally; to give formal announcement of the ending of (a treaty) admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince libel : criticize :: denounce : reject fulfillment : denouncement :: (#) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial (>) castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit (>) castigate to inflict severe punishment denounce <> condone, embrace, eulogy, extol, 3 advocate, tout, praise ○ denunciation <> accolade, eulogy, panegyric denouncing <> bracing denouncement <> pillory to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn expose to ridicule and abuse; to put a pillory as punishment dense adj. : marked by compactness or crowding together of parts 3 denseness <> diffusion, dispersion ○ *dent n. a depression in a surface made by pressure or a blow; (informal) a significant, usually diminishing dent <> convex convex n. curved or rounded like the exterior of a sphere denture n. an artificial replacement for one or more teeth ant. genuine, natural, real teeth; bicuspid, carnassial, fang, incisor, ivory, molar, premolar, snag, tush, tusk 3 denture : teeth :: toupee : hair :: wig : hair ○ denture <> toupee n. a wig or section of hair worn to cover a bald spot wig n. a manufactured covering of natural or synthetic hair for the head 3 denude * ○ to divest of covering; make bare 3 denude <> cover, blanket ○ denude, uncover <> blanket blanket to cover with or as if with a blanket 3 *denunciation *○ n. an act of denouncing; a public condemnation 3 denunciation : denial :: castigation : reproof ○ denunciate <> praise denunciation <> praise, eulogy, accolade, 3 panegyric ○ reproof n. criticism for a fault : REBUKE panegyric n. a eulogistic oration or writing; formal or elaborate praise deny to controvert, dispute, refute, rebut, disprove
deny <> corroborate deniable <> incontrovertible corroborate to support with evidence or authority : make more certain depart to go away : LEAVE abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait :: purloin : take depart : abscond :: store : secrete pilfer to steal (a small amount or item) lurk to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose purloin to steal, often in a violation of trust *dependable adj. capable of being depended on : RELIABLE ant. dishonest, irresponsible, uncertain, undependable, unreliable, unsteady, unsure dependable <> 3 dependence <> autonomy ○ depict to represent in a picture or sculpture; to represent in words, describe *deplete to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out enrich <> deplete depletion <> richness depletive <> rich 3 *deplore * * ○ to feel or express strong disapproval of; to express sorrow or grief over; to regret; bemoan 3 deplorable : reproach :: plaintive : sorrow ○ deplore <> accolade, laud, express accolade, extol, commend, applaud, approve deplore <> rejoice plaintive adj. expressive of suffering or woe : MELANCHOLY commend to represent as worthy, qualified, desirable to express approval of *deploy to extend (a military unit) especially in width b to place in battle formation or appropriate positions; to spread out, utilize, or arrange especially strategically ant. not use, withhold; collect, gather, garner, accumulate deploy <> concentrate *deport to expel from a country; to behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner; comport ant. embrace, welcome; admit, allow, permit, stay, take in deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling :: expel : school deport : nation :: expel : school deport <> *depose to remove from a throne or other high position; to put down : DEPOSIT; to testify to under oath or by perjure <> depose, attest perjury n. false swearing attest to put on oath *deposit to place especially for safekeeping or as a pledge; to put in a bank; to lay down : PLACE b to let fall (as sediment) deposit, deposition <> process of eroding depository <>
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*deprave to make bad : CORRUPT; especially to corrupt morally ant. ennoble, moralize, improve; dignify, purify doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue depravity <> deprave <> deprivation <> surfeit doldrums n. a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump 3 *deprecate * * ○ to express disapproval of; deplore; to belittle; depreciate laud : deprecated :: (#) deprecate <> extol, vaunt, tout, laud, endorse, 3 hymn, acclaim ○ laud to PRAISE, EXTOL endorse to express support or approval of publicly vaunt to speak boastfully of tout to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly hymn to praise or worship in or as if in hymns *depreciate * to lessen the price or value of; to think or speak of as being of little worth; belittle ant. gain value, increase, overrate, raise, rate; approve, commend, compliment, exalt, laud, praise, recommend fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility 3 depreciation : value :: attenuation : power ○ depreciate <> hauteur n. ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS swagger to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner *depress to lower in spirits; deject; to cause to drop or sink; lower b. to press down; to lessen the activity or force of; weaken; to lower prices in (a stock market) ant. cheer, comfort, encourage, excite, lift, make happy, stimulate; hearten, incite, inspirit ; increase, raise depressant : mood :: despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled protuberant <> depressed depressant <> despondent adj. feeling or showing extreme dejection, discouragement, or depression protuberant adj. swelling outward; bulging depressant adj. tending to lower the rate of vital physiological activities *deputy n. a person appointed as a substitute with power to act; a second in command or assistant who usually takes charge when his or her superior is absent ant. boss, chief, leader, major, manager, master, superior; permanent deputy <> *deracinate to effect the destruction or abolition of something; EXTERMINATE, EXTIRPATE, ERADICATE, UPROOT ant. aid, assist, bear, create, establish, fix, help, institute, plant; settle, sow deracinate <> plant 3 *derelict ○
adj. abandoned especially by the owner or occupant : RUN-DOWN; lacking a sense of duty : NEGLIGENT ant. cherished, helped, nurtured, wanted; careful, caring stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (#) derelict <> pillar of society, affection 3 derelict <> extremely careful, dutiful ○ stickler n. one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something poseur n. an affected or insincere person pillar n. a chief supporter : PROP deride to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery (=) apologize : regret :: gibe : derision (EXPRESS) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :loud :: prate : aimless smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision gibe : derision :: condolence : sympathy :: apologize : regret ridicule : derision deride <> praise derision <> veneration mirth n. gladness and gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way scoff to mock at or treat with derision drawl to speak with lengthened or drawn out prate to talk idly and at length; chatter smirk to smile in an affected, often offensively self-satisfied manner smug adj. exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation sneer to speak or write in a scornfully jeering manner condolence n. an expression of sympathy 3 *derivative ○ adj. copied or adapted from others innovative, precursory, original <> derivative, sequela derivative <> innovative, original, precursory, 3 seminal ○ sequela n. a secondary consequence or result seminal adj. of, relating, or having the power to originate; creative precursor n. one that precedes and indicates the approach of another 3 derogate *○ to take away; detract; to deviate from a standard or expectation; go astray 3 derogate <> accolade, aggrandize, laud ○ 3 derogatory ○ adj. disparaging; belittling; tending to detract or diminish 3 derogatory <> laudatory ○ 3 descend ○ 3 descend : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture ○ descendant forbears <> descendants 3 desecrate ○ to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously 3 desecrate <> sanctify, revere, hallow ○
sanctify to set apart to a sacred purpose or to religious use hallow to respect greatly : VENERATE desert :to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to return desiccate * * * * to dry out thoroughly; to preserve (foods) by removing the moisture; to make dry, dull, or lifeless 3 desiccant ○ abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison :: clear : 3 dirt :: decelerate :velocity : bleach : color ○ desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity desiccated : moisture :: enervated : strength 3 desiccant : dryness :: emollient : suppleness (f) ○ desiccant : moisture :: refrigerant : heat cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture :: respite : labor :: offbeat : bathetic (#) desiccate <> add water to, drench, hydrate, 3 saturate, wet thoroughly, imbue ○ 3 desiccated <> saturated ○ velocity n. quickness of motion : SPEED emollient adj. making less intense or harsh : MOLLIFYING supple adj. capable of being bent or folded without creases, cracks, or breaks respite n. a usually short interval of rest or relief offbeat adj. not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern bathetic n. bathos exceptional commonplaceness : TRITENESS hydrate to cause to take up or combine with water or the elements of water imbue to tinge or dye deeply designate to indicate or specify; point out; to give a name or title to; characterize; to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate desist * to cease doing something; forbear. desist : injunction :: desist <> begin, continue, persist, persevere, commence desisting <> onset despair n. complete loss of hope to lose all hope; to be overcome by a sense of futility or defeat abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope 3 despicable ○ adj. deserving of contempt or scorn; vile despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard :: redoubtable : regard, awe venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn despicable : valuable :: mulish : flexible 3 despicable : contempt :: (=)○ 3 despicable : adulate :: paltry : covet(?) (#) ○ despicable <> venerable, laudable, commendable 3 ○ redoubtable adj. causing fear or alarm : FORMIDABLE; worthy of respect adulate to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly
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paltry adj. MEAN, DESPICABLE covet to desire inordinately or culpably mulish adj. unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate 3 despise ○ to regard with contempt or scorn; to dislike intensely; loathe; to regard as unworthy of one's interest or concern 3 despise <> venerate, respect ○ despondent adj. DEJECTED 3 despondent : hope :: (#)○ despondency n. depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or courage; dejection despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (=) despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled despondent <> sanguine, elated sanguine adj. cheerfully confident; optimistic despot n. ruler with absolute power; a person who wields power oppressively; a tyrant despotic despotic : tyranny :: generous : liberality dessert dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata destitute adj. lacking resources or the means of subsistence; completely impoverished; poor. destitute <> affluent 3 desultory * *○ adj. marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose; not connected with the main subject; sluggish ant. determined, purposeful; predictable; constant, continuous, regular desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency :: sluggish : 3 industriousness :: languid : energy (LACK) ○ 3 desultory : plan :: facile : profundity (LACK) ○ desultory <> strictly methodical, carefully planned, 3 assiduous ○ assiduous adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application detach to separate or unfasten; disconnect; to remove from association or union with something; to send (troops or ships, for example) on a special mission tether <> detach tether to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether detain * to keep from proceeding; delay or retard; to keep in custody or temporary confinement detain <> manumit manumit to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate deteriorate :to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value deterioration <> improvement, amelioration deteriorate <> ameliorate, improve, strengthen, fortify
determinative adj. having power or tendency to determine determinative <> questionable, uncertain, unimportant
3 devious ○ adj. not straightforward; shifty; CUNNING, DECEPTIVE 3 devious <> straightforward, sincere ○
deterministic n. determinism n. a belief in predestination; the quality or state of being determined
devise to form, plan, or arrange in the mind; design or contrive
3 deter ○ to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of ear or doubt deterrence
devoted adj. feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment; ardent; 2. having been consecrated; dedicated devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (=) elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy dabble <> dedicate, devote devoutness <> impiety fanatic a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm
3 intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract ○ intrepid resolutely courageous; fearless inducement <> deterrent 3 deter <> spur, facilitate, promote, encourage ○ undaunted <> deterred 3 deterrent <> inducement, incentive ○ intrepid adj. characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance spur to incite to action or accelerated growth or development : STIMULATE induce to call forth or bring about by influence or stimulation rapt adj. deeply moved or delighted; deeply absorbed 3 determinative ○ adj. having power or tendency to determine : tending to fix, settle, or define something determinative <> questionable, uncertain, 3 unimportant ○ detestable adj. ABOMINABLE; inspiring or deserving abhorrence or scorn 3 detour *○ to go or cause to go by a roundabout way n. a roundabout way or course, especially a road used temporarily instead of a main route; a deviation from a direct course of action 3 :: detour : route, path :: digress : topic ○ transgress, trespass : rule detoxify detoxificatin : poison :: neutralization : acid detract to draw or take away; divert; (archaic) to speak ill of; belittle extol <> condemn, impugn, detract impugn to attack as false or questionable detritus n. DEBRIS debris : destroy :: ash : burn detritus <> valuable mass, valuable product devastate to lay waste; destroy; to overwhelm; confound; stun spry <> devastated 3 deviation ○ n. noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms of behavior 3 deviate <> follow strictly ○
dew dew : condensation :: rust : corrosion 3 dexterous ○ adj. skillful in the use of the hands; having mental skill or adroitness; done with dexterity 3 dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict ○ 3 dexterous : manipulation :: prescience : predict ○ dexterous : awkward :: (#) dexterous <> clumsy, ungainly, awkward, inept, 3 maladroit ○ prescience n. (foresight) knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight 3 diabolic ○ adj. of, concerning, or characteristic of the devil; satanic; appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness or cruelty diabolization <> benediction 3 diabolic <> seraphic, benefic, benevolent ○ seraphim n. an order of angels benefic adj. BENEFICENT 3 diagnose ○ to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms 3 diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct ○ proofread to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections 3 diaphanous * * ○ adj. characterized by such fineness of texture as to permit seeing through; characterized by extreme delicacy of form : ETHEREA;INSUBSTANTIAL, VAGUE diaphanous <> opaque, substantial, substantive, opaque, murky, impermeable, impervious of light 3 ○ impervious adj. not allowing entrance or passage : IMPENETRABLE 3 diatribe ○ n. a prolonged discourse; a bitter and abusive speech or writing 3 diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery ○ lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse
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diatribe <> encomium, laudatory piece of writing, 3 compliment, tribute ○ burlesque n. mockery usually by caricature grandiloquence n. pompous or bombastic speech encomium n. glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise dicey * adj. RISKY, UNPREDICTABLE 3 dicey <> lacking danger, lacking risk, certain ○ 3 didactic *○ adj. intended to instruct; morally instructive; inclined to teach or moralize excessively didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge didactic : teach :: comic : amuse :: risible : ridicule 3 ○ exhort to give warnings or advice : make urgent appeals risible adj. arousing or provoking laughter die die : shaping :: drill : boring :: reel : winding diehard n. one who strongly resist change adj. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly hopeless or outdated cause palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) diehard : budge :: vagary : predict budge to move or stir slightly; to alter a position or attitude 3 diffident ○ adj. lacking or marked by a lack of self-confidence; shy and timid; reserved in manner diffident <> brassy, brazen, nervy, bold, expansive 3 ○ expansive adj. characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk : OPEN 3 diffuse ○ adj. not concentrated or localized to EXTEND, SCATTER;to spread thinly or wastefully euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse diffuse <> concentrate diffuse <> concentrated, condensed, pithy, 3 succinct ○ diffusion, dispersion <> denseness, condensation 3 ○ aphorism n. a concise statement of a principle pithy adj. concise succinct adj. marked by compact precise expression without wasted words digit n. a. a human finger or toe. b. A corresponding part in other vertebrates; a. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9. fang : tooth :: finger : digit dignity n. the quality or state of being worthy of esteem or respect; inherent nobility and worth 3 digress ○ to turn aside, especially from the main subject in writing or speaking; stray 3 digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant ○
digress : topic :: stray : group :: detour : route, path digressive : topic, subject :: random : pattern :: 3 :: circuitous : route aberrant : standard ○ digress : topic :: veer : direction aside : digression :: summary : excerpt excursive adj. constituting a digression reiterate ; to say or do again or repeatedly stray to move in a winding course : MEANDER veer to change direction or course dike * n. a bank usually of earth constructed to control or confine water : LEVEE dike : water :: fence : livestock dilapidate * to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair
dimension congruent : dimension :: coeval : age measure : dimensions : calibrate : diameter :: gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth 3 diminish ○ to make smaller or less or to cause to appear so b. to detract from the authority, reputation, or prestige of; to cause to taper 3 diminish <> increase, escalate, extend ○ diminution <> augmentation 3 din * ○ n. a jumble of loud, usually discordant sounds 3 stench : nose :: din : ear ○
3 , still in use dilapidated <> restored○
3 din <> hush, silence, stillness, quietness ○ stench n. a strong, foul odor; a stink
dilate to make wider or larger; cause to expand
dingus n. an article whose name is unknown or forgotten
3 dilate : circumference :: protract : length ○ dilate <> contract, narrow 3 dilatory ○ adj. intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain
3 dingy ○ adj. darkened with smoke and grime; dirty or discolored; shabby, drab, or squalid 3 dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere○ glisten to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster
3 , hesitance alacrity <> dilatoriness ○ precipitate<> retard, dilatory
diocesan
3 dilatory <> alacritous ○ lag n. comparative slowness or retardation. adj. laggard rascal n. a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person malcontent adj. dissatisfied with existing conditions precipitate adj. falling, flowing, or rushing with steep
diocese n. the district or churches under the jurisdiction of a bishop; a bishopric diocesan <> ecumenical
3 dilettante *○ n. a dabbler in an art or a field of knowledge; a lover of the fine arts; a connoisseur dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : 3 consequence ○ 3 dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias ○ dilettante : superficiality :: martinet : rigidity 3 dilettante <> expertly, accomplished ○ nonentity n. a person of little consequence or significance martinet n. a person who stresses a rigid adherence to the details of forms and methods 3 diligent ○ diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive diligent : effort :: malign, malicious : ill-will 3 procrastination, lazy <> diligence ○ dilute * to make thinner or less concentrated by adding a liquid such as water; to lessen the force, strength, purity, or brilliance of; especially by admixture slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength, concentration :: shorten : height :: rarify : density 3 ○ dilute <> concentrate slacken to make less active : slow up taut adj. tightly drawn
diplomatic adj. using or marked by tact and sensitivity in dealing with others 3 diplomatic : tact :: genial : bonhomie, joviality ○ diplomat : tact :: inventor : ingenuity bonhomie n. good-natured easy friendliness jovial adj. markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality dire * adj. warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous; urgent; desperate dire <> pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable, 3 not urgent ○ director director : actor :: conductor : instrumentalist 3 dirge * *○ n. (music) a. a funeral hymn or lament b. a slow, mournful musical composition; a mournful or elegiac poem or other literary work 3 dirge : mourning :: ○ dirge : music :: elegy : poetry dirge : grief :: paean : praise :: madrigal : love dirge : solemn :: polemic : contentious paean n. a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute. contentious adj. exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes 3 disabuse * ○ to free from a falsehood or misconception
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loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception, fallacy, 3 :: miscomprehension :: cure : disease ○
3 discerning * ○ adj. exhibiting keen insight and good judgment; perceptive
3 rehabilitate : addiction :: vindicate : blame ○ mislead, lead into error <> disabuse disabuse <> misunderstanding, misapprehension,
3 discern : acute :: believe : gullible ○ insight : discerning :: caprice : whimsical perspicacious : discerning :: ravishing : attractive
3 misconception, delusion ○ vindicate to free from allegation or blame
3 discernable : perceptible :: ○
3 disaffected * * * ○ adj. resentful and rebellious, especially against authority disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction, 3 commitment :: anxious : serenity ○ 3 officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel ○ 3 , mollify, content, disaffect <> win over ○ convince, comfort, conciliate disaffected <> contented, beloved, satisfied, 3 tractable, pleased, agreeing ○ disaffection <> contentment officious adj. volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed : MEDDLESOME meddle to interfere without right or propriety disaggregate to divide into constituent parts disaggregate <> join together coalesce <> disaggregate disagreeable adj. not to one's liking; unpleasant or offensive; having a quarrelsome, bad-tempered manner disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal disambiguate to establish a single grammatical or semantic interpretation for disambiguate <> speak equivocally 3 disarm * * ○ to divest of a weapon or weapons; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; render harmless; to overcome or allay the suspicion, hostility, or antagonism of b. to win the confidence of bait <> disarm, put on guard disarm <> antagonize, discourage, dissuade, turn 3 off(?), arm, fortify, strengthen, rehabilitate ○ 3 disarming <> obnoxious ○ bait to attack especially with persistent insults, criticism obnoxious adj. exposed to something unpleasant or harmful used with to disarray to throw into confusion; upset; to undress shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness (#) disavow * * to deny responsibility for : REPUDIATE; to refuse to acknowledge : DISCLAIM 3 disavow <> affirm, aver, acknowledge ○ disavowal <> admission, acknowledgement, 3 approval, grant, acceptance ○ discard to throw away; reject retain <> discard
3 myopic <> discerning ○ discernment <> lack of insight, not to distinguish discernable <> imperceptive, unperceptive, 3 ambiguous○ 3 discerning <> lack of insight, myopic ○ perspicacious adj. of acute mental vision or discernment ravish to seize and take away by violence myopic n. a lack of foresight or discernment discharge discharge <> hire disciple n. one who embraces and assists in spreading the teaching of another; an active adherent, as of a movement or philosophy disciple : follow :: apologist : defend disclaim to deny or renounce any claim to or connection with; disown; to deny the validity of; repudiate disclaimer n. a repudiation or denial of responsibility or connection; a renunciation of one's right or claim. conversation : exchange :: disclaimer : denial (=) disclose to make known or public 3 disclosure <> concealment, cover-up, secret ○ discography list : discography :: tool : hoe 3 discombobulate ○ to throw into a state of confusion discombobulated : order :: erratic : consistency discombobulate <> make clear, clarify, explain, 3 settle ○ 3 discombobulate <> compose ○ compose to free from agitation : CALM, SETTLE 3 discomfit ○ to make uneasy or perplexed; disconcert; to thwart the plans of; frustrate discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer 3 discomfit <> mollify ○ blush n. a reddening of the face especially from shame, modesty, or confusion sneer to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt contemptuous adj. manifesting or feeling contempt mollify to reduce in intensity : ASSUAGE, TEMPER 3 discommode * ○ to cause inconvenience to; trouble discommode <> aid, assist, help, ease, oblige, 3 inspire, pacify, soothe, please ○ discommode <> oblige discommodity <> convenience
oblige to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the exigencies of circumstance 3 discompose * ○ to disturb the composure or calm of; to put into a state of disorder 3 discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic ○ discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious, odious (=) 3 ○ 3 discomposure : pacific : frenzy : calm ○ discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous (#) discompose <> pacify pacification. a treaty of peace engage to attract and hold by influence or power odious adj. arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure frenzy n. a violent mental or emotional agitation pacify to allay the anger or agitation of : SOOTHE disconcert to upset the self-possession of; ruffle; to frustrate (plans, for example) by throwing into disorder, disarrange disconcert <> placate placate to soothe or mollify especially by concessions disconsolate adj. seeming beyond consolation; extremely dejected disconsolate <> joyous 3 discontent ○ n. absence of contentment; dissatisfaction ; restless longing for better circumstances; one who is discontented 3 discontent <> conciliate ○ discord n. a combination of musical sounds that strikes the ear harshly; DISSONANCE b : a harsh or unpleasant sound discordant * adj. being at variance : DISAGREEING; QUARRELSOME separation : together :: discord : harmonious discord : sound :: anachronistic : time 3 discord : accede :: (#)○ harmony <> discord discordant <> harmonious, euphonious, dulcet, 3 accede, resonant(?) corresponding ○ discordant <> corresponding euphonious adj. pleasing to the ear dulcet adj. generally pleasing or agreeable accede to become a party (as to an agreement) resonant adj. continuing to sound : ECHOING corresponding adj. having or participating in the same relationship discourse n. verbal expression in speech or writing; verbal exchange; conversation; a formal, lengthy discussion of a subject, either written or spoken lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse 3 discourteous ○ adj. lacking courtesy : RUDE discourteous : offend :: imposing : daunt impose to establish or apply by authority discreditable
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adj. injurious to reputation : DISGRACEFUL invective : discredit :: exhortation : motivate discredit : reputation :: injure : well-being 3 discredited : honor :: ○ invective adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult exhort to incite by argument or advice : urge strongly intransitive senses 3 discreet * ○ adj. marked by, exercising, or showing prudence and wise self-restraint in speech and behavior; circumspect; free from ostentation or pretension; modest discreet <> reckless, tactless, thoughtless, artless, 3 naive, uncalculating, imprudent ○ 3 discrepancy ○ n. divergence or disagreement, as between facts or claims; difference; an instance of divergence or disagreement discrepancy <> convergence, concord, 3 consonance, agreement, regularity, likeness ○ discrepant <> consonant convergent adj. tending to move toward one point or to approach each other 3 discrete ○ adj. constituting a separate thing; distinct; consisting of unconnected distinct parts discrete : overlap :: infinite : exhaust (=) discrete <> continuous 3 discretion ○ n. the quality of being discreet; circumspection; ability or power to decide responsibly; freedom to act or judge on one's own discretion : prudence :: piousness : devotion (=) brash : discretion :: frivolous : gravity foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention (=) judiciousness <>indiscretion 3 discretion <> not judicious ○ judicious adj. having or exhibiting sound judgment impecunious adj.lacking money; penniless discretionary * adj. left or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment; available for use as needed or desired discretionary <> obligatory, mandatory, 3 preordained, required, rigid ○ preordain to decree or ordain in advance : FOREORDAIN discriminate to make a clear distinction; distinguish b. to make sensible decisions; judge wisely; to make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating equitable <> discriminatory, unfair equitable adj. marked by or having equity; just and impartial 3 discursive ○ adj. covering a wide field of subjects; rambling; proceeding to a conclusion through reason rather than intuition
3, discursive <> keen on title, succinct ○ concentrated succinct adj. marked by compact precise expression without wasted words 3 disdain ○ to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise; to consider or reject as beneath oneself contemptible : disdain :: hilarious : laugh snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty 3 adulate, treat favorably <> disdain ○ adulation n. excessive flattery or admiration double-cross to betray by acting in contradiction to a prior agreement disembark to go ashore from a ship; to leave a vehicle or aircraft debark, disembark : ship :: dismount : horse debark : ship :: unload : truck 3 disembarrass ○ to free from something bothersome or encumbering; relive disembarrass : impediment :: emancipate : 3 servitude ○ disembarrassment <> engagement disembarrassment <>impediment impediment n. a bar or hindrance emancipate to free from restraint, control, or the power of another servitude n. a condition in which one lacks liberty especially to determine one's course of action or way of life disembody to free (the soul or spirit) from the body; to divest of material existence or substance disembodied <> corporeal disengage to release from something that holds fast, connects, or entangles; to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or obligation disengage <> mesh disentangle to extricate from entanglement or involvement; free; to clear up or resolve (a plot, for example) disentangle <> snarl disgorge to bring up and expel from the throat or stomach; vomit; to discharge violently; spew; to surrender (stolen gods or money, for example) unwillingly disgorge <> ingest, swallow 3 disgruntle * ○ to make ill-humored or discontented 3 disgruntled : contended :: anxious : serene ○ 3 disgruntle <> refresh ○ 3 disgruntled <> contented, rapturous, joyous ○ rapturous adj. filled with great joy or rapture; ecstatic 3 disguise ○ to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition; to furnish with a disguise; to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent
padding : damage :: disguise : recognition (prevent 3 B) ○ disguise : alter :: cloak : warm disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection 3 disguise : identity :: ○ disguise <> revelation, uncover, verify, indicate, 3 undress, undress ○ cloak n. something that conceals : PRETENSE, DISGUISE disgust to excite nausea or loathing in; sicken; to offend the taste or moral sense of; repel blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting odious : disgust :: menacing : fear scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust entrancing <> disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, bore entrancing odious adj. arousing strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure hurl to utter vehemently dishevel to loosen and let fall (hair or clothing) in disarray b. to disarrange the hair or clothing of; to throw into disorder 3 disillusion ○ to free or deprive of illusion 3 disillusion : belief :: disenfranchise : right ○ disenfranchise to deprive of the right to vote disimpassioned disimpassioned <> responsive disimpassion <> embarrassment 3 disinclined ○ adj. unwilling because of mild dislike or disapproval aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration (>) aversion : inclination :: (#) loquacity <> disinclination to speak 3 disinclined <> disposed ○ leaning, proclivity, bent <> disinclination dispose to give a tendency to : INCLINE 3 disinfect *○ to free from infection especially by destroying harmful microorganisms oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect aseptic : disinfection :: anesthetic : numbness 3 disinfect : germ :: herbicide : weed ○ 3 disinfect <> contaminate ○ disingenuous * adj. lacking in candor; also : giving a false appearance of simple frankness : CALCULATING 3 disingenuous : candor :: betray : loyalty ○ disintegrate * to break or decompose into constituent elements, parts, or small particles disintegrate <> coalesce, merge, combine, unite, 3 amalgamate ○ disinter to dig up or remove from a grave or tomb; exhume; to bring to public notice; disclose
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disinter <> bury 3 disinterested ○ adj. free of bias and self-interest; impartial; not interested; indifferent b. having lost interest 3 disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity (#) ○ inequity <> disinterestedness disinterested <> factional inequity n. injustice; unfairness venal adj. open to corrupt influence and especially bribery : MERCENARY probity n. UPRIGHTNESS disjointed adj. separated at the joints; out of joint; dislocated; lacking order or coherence disjointed : coherence :: banal : originality amorphous : structure :: disjointed : coherence disjointed <> orderly, consistent 3 disjunctive * ○ adj. serving to separate or divide nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity 3 disjunctive <> continuous ○ nominal 3 dislike ○ 3 dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss (<) ○ bliss n. complete happiness 3 dislocate *○ to force a change in the usual status, relationship, or order of : DISRUPT 3 dislocate : place :: coarsen : texture ○ coarse adj. loose or rough in texture dislodge to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied ensconce <> dislodge dismantle to take apart; disassemble; tear down b. to put an end; to in a gradual systematic way; to strip of furnishings or equipment; to strip of covering or clothing dismantle : wholeness :: dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine 3 dismay ○ to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension; to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion; to upset or alarm 3 dismayed<> heartened ○ 3 dismay <> assure, ensure, stimulate ○ dismiss to end the employment or service of; discharge; to direct or allow to leave; to stop considering; rid one's mind of; dispel b. to refuse; to accept or recognize; reject; to put (a claim or action) out of court without further hearing dismiss <> sanction 3 dismount * ○ to throw down or remove from a mount or an elevated position; unhorse
epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead disparaging : contempt :: estimable : admire disparage : lionize :: (#) disparage <> approve, aggrandize, champion, extol, revere, lionize, applaud, adulate disparagement <> champion, kudos epithet n. a disparaging or abusive word or phrase alias n. an assumed or additional name lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance kudos n. COMPLIMENT, PRAISE 3 disparage ○ to lower in rank or reputation : DEGRADE 3 disparage : lionize :: (#)○ disparage <> extol, revere, adulate, applaud, 3 champion, aggrandize ○ lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance 3 disparate ○ adj. fundamentally distinct or different in kind; entirely dissimilar disparate <> similar, analogous, like, alike, 3 homogeneous, analogous ○ 3 dispassionate * *○ adj. devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias dispassionate partial, biased, prejudiced, fervent, partisan, intemperate dispassionate <> responsive, partial, biased, 3 fervent, intemperate, partisan, prejudiced ○ responsive adj. quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically : SENSITIVE temperate adj. keeping or held within limits : not extreme or excessive dispatch to relegate to a specific destination or send on specific business; to complete, transact, or dispose of promptly b. to eat up (food); finish off (a dish or meal); to put to death summarily dispatch <> leisureliness 3 disperse ○ to spread or distribute from a fixed or constant source 3 disperse : convene :: ○ 3 disperse : reconvene :: dismiss : reinstate (#) ○ convene to cause to assemble; summon dismiss to permit or cause to leave reinstate to place again (as in possession or in a former position) dispirit to deprive of morale or enthusiasm displace to move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland: millions of refugees who were displaced by the war; to take the place of; supplant; to discharge from an office or position. displace : position :: coarsen : texture
dispose to put into a willing or receptive frame of mind; incline. disposed <> disinclined dispute to argue about; debate; to question the truth or validity of; doubt;to strive to win (a prize, for example); contest for; to strive against; resist dispute <> accept 3 disputable <> incontrovertible ○
56 disquiet to deprive of peace or rest; trouble disquiet <> put at ease disregard to pay no attention or heed to; ignore; to treat without proper respect or attentiveness flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge disregard <> nurture disrupt to throw into confusion or disorder; to interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or procedure of; to break or burst; rupture saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend 3 dissect * ○ to cut apart or separate (tissue), especially for anatomical study; to examine, analyze, or criticize in minute detail 3 specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse ○ dissect to separate into pieces specimen n. an individual, item, or part considered typical of a group, class, or whole 3 dissemble * ○ to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance; to make a false show of; feign dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissemblance : deception :: ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub 3 dissembler : forthright :: sadist : benignant ○ 3 dissemble <> behave honestly ○ 3 dissembling <> candid, artless ○ snub to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight masquerade n. an action or appearance that is mere disguise or show raffish adj. marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness preen to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky manner benignant adj. serenely mild and kindly : BENIGN disseminate to scatter widely, as in sowing seed; to spread abroad; promulgate disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment disseminate <> garner, nucleate dissension n. difference of opinion; disagreement concord <> dissension
3 dismount : horse :: disembark : ship ○
displeasant
3 dissent ○ to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold assent or approval
disparate to speak of in a slighting way; belittle; to reduce in esteem or rank
disposal recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (#)
3 dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group ○
dissent <> conform, consent, accede, acquiesce, 3 agree, subscribe, assent, concur ○ maverick n. an independent individual who does not go along with a group or party dissertation n. a lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis 3 dissipate * ○ to drive away; disperse; to attenuate to or almost to the point of disappearing; to spend or expend intemperately or wastefully, squander b. to use up, especially recklessly; exhaust; to cause to lose (energy, such as heat) irreversibly husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (#) dissipation : temperate :: fecundity : sterile (#) dissipate : stir :: 3 dissipate <> accumulate, gather, amass, pile up ○ husbandry adj. the control or judicious use of resources : CONSERVATION dissociate to separate from association or union with another affiliation <> dissociation affiliate to bring or receive into close connection as a member or branch dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness dissolute <> thrift voluble adj. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent 3 dissolve ○ to cause to disperse or disappear : DESTROY clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve :: caustic : burn dissolve : insoluble :: bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant 3 clot, consolidate, coagulate <> dissolve ○ 3 dissolvable <> insoluble ○ soluble adj. susceptible of being dissolved in or as if in a liquid and especially water dissonance 1. a harsh, disagreeable combination of sounds; discord 2. lack of agreement, consistency, or harmony; conflict dissonance <> concord concord n. a state of agreement : HARMONY dissonant adj. harsh and inharmonious in sound; discordant; being at variance; disagreeing 3 dissuade ○ to deter from a course of action or a purpose by persuasion or exhortation; to advise (a person) against something remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control inexorable : dissuasion : indomitable : conquest
3 dissuade <> abet, enhance, exhort ○ remonstrance n. an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance obstreperous adj. marked by unruly or aggressive noisiness : CLAMOROUS inexorable adj. not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty : RELENTLESS distain to dishonor distain <> treat favorably distal adj. situated away from the point of attachment or origin or a central point especially of the body distal <> proximal proximal adj. next to or nearest the point of attachment or origin, a central point, or the point of view; especially : located toward the center of the body distemper n. an infectious viral disease occurring in dogs, characterized by loss of appetite, a catarrhal discharge from the eyes and nose, vomiting, fever, lethargy, partial paralysis caused by destruction of myelinated nerve tissue, and sometimes death. Also called canine distemper. 3 distend ○ to swell out or expand from or as if from internal pressure distend <> constrict, condense, deflate, contract 3 ○ distention <> compression distill * to let fall, exude, or precipitate in drops or in a wet mist distill : pure :: liquefy : fluid 3 distill : purity :: leaven : volume ○ distillate : purity :: synopsis : conciseness leaven to raise (as bread) with a leaven distinction [ nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion nebulous <>distinct repute <> lack of distinction distinct <> undifferentiated, undifferential distinguished 1. characterized by excellence or distinction; eminent 2. dignified in conduct or appearance eminent <> undistinguished distort to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent; to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature 3 distract ○ to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention or interest; divert; to pull in conflicting emotional directions; unsettle intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract 3 distract : concentration :: ○
rapt <> distracted intrepid adj. resolutely courageous; fearless deter to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt rapt adj. wholly absorbed : ENGROSSED distraught adj. deeply agitated, as from emotion conflict; mad; insane troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious distraught <> composed ditch n. a long narrow excavation in the earth; any small natural waterway 3 ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern ○ canyon n. a narrow chasm with steep cliff walls, cut into the earth by running water; a gorge. cavern n. one of large or indefinite extent ditty n. a simple song fable : tale :: ditty : song ditty : oratorio :: anecdote : novel diurnal adj. relating to or occurring in a 24-hour period; daily; occurring or active during the daytime rather than at night diurnal <> nocturnal, chiefly active at night diverge to go or extend in different directions from a common point; branch out; to differ, as in opinion or manner; to depart from a set course or norm; deviate ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent diverge : apart :: traverse : across :: involve : among diverge <> come together divergent <> convergent confluence, unification <> divergence diversity n. a. the fact or quality of being diverse; difference b. a point or respect in which things differ; variety or multiformity diversity <> uniformity divert to turn aside from a course or direction; to distract divert : shunt :: retard : brake shun to avoid deliberately 3 divest ○ to strip, as of clothes; to deprive, as of right or property; dispossess b. to free of; rid , 3 divestiture <> acquisition ○ divest <> endow endow to provide with something freely or naturally divulge 3 to make known (something private or secret) ○ 3 divulge <> conceal, keep secret ○ docile adj. ready and willing to be taught; teachable; yielding to supervision, direction, or management; tractable docile <> tenacious docility <> tenacity, tenaciousness
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adj. marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain 3 doctrine ○ n. DOGMA
3 dolorous <> exultant, jubilant, jovial, happy ○
3 doctrine : heretical, heterodox :: course : errant ○
dolt n. a stupid person wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid (c)
3 doctrine : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied ○ heterodox <> orthodox 3 dodder ○ to shake or tremble, as from old age; totter; to progress in a feeble, unsteady manner 3 dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly ○ cavort to engage in extravagant behavior 3 dodge * ○ to avoid (a blow, for example) by moving or shifting quickly aside; to evade (an obligation, for example) by cunning, trickery, or deceit dodge : blow :: escape : capture 3 dodge <> confront, face, seek ○ doff to take off; remove doff <> don 3 dogged * * ○ adj. stubbornly persevering; tenacious; OBSTINATE ant. tractable, subordinate, reconcilable, compromising dog to disturb or annoy persistently dogged <> yielded, pliant, tractable, toward, 3 compromising ○ dogged <> easily discouraged, reluctant, 3 hesitating (?) ○ compromise to come to agreement by mutual concession 3 doggerel * ○ n. crudely or irregularly fashioned verse, often of a humorous or burlesque nature doggerel : verse, poem :: burlesque : play :: 3 sketch : potboiler : article, novel ○ 3 doggerel : debase :: ○ burlesque n. a literary or dramatic work that seeks to ridicule by means of grotesque exaggeration potboiler n. a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly for profit. doggo in hiding dogma n. 1. (theology) a doctrine or a corpus of doctrines relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth in an authoritative manner by a church dogma : iconoclast :: convention : maverick (B break A) dogma <> heresy doldrums n. a period of depression or unhappy listlessness doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue (LACK) depravity n. moral corruption or degradation doleful adj. filled with or expressing grief; mournful; causing grief doleful <> joyful 3 dolorous ○
domicile n. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence nomad : domicile :: freelance : employer nomad n. a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory domination n. a. mastery or supremacy over another or others b. the exercise of such mastery or supremacy gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (#) inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest dominant <> recessive chicanery n. deception by trickery or sophistry; a subterfuge domineering adj. tending to domineer; overbearing contemptuous, imperious, domineering deferential don to put on (clothing); to assume or take on doff <> don donor legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor doodle to scribble aimlessly, especially when preoccupied to kill time draw : doodle :: travel : ramble :: walk : amble amble to walk slowly or leisurely; stroll 3 door ○
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble dour <> congenial, genial, jocund bumptious adj. crudely or loudly assertive; pushy 3 douse *○ to plunge into water; to throw a liquid on : DRENCH 3 douse <> ignite ○ dove 1. a gentle, innocent person 2. a person who advocates peace, conciliation, or negotiation in preference to confrontation or armed conflict dove <> warmonger, jingoist 3 downgrade ○ to lower in quality, value, status, or extent 3 downgrade : quality :: abbreviate : sentence ○ downplay to PLAY DOWN, DE-EMPHASIZE downplay <> exaggerate, aggrandize, praise, vaunt 3 ○ vaunt to call attention to pridefully and often boastfully; brag downpour n. a heavy fall of rain downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) doyen n. a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated (#) uninitiated adj. not knowledgeable or skilled; inexperienced 3 doze ○ to sleep lightly and intermittently
3 door : room : hatch : hold ○ hatch n. an opening in the deck of a ship or in the floor or roof of a building hold n. the cargo deck of a ship
3 doze : sleep :: nudge : prod ○ nudge to seek the attention of by a push of the elbow prod to incite to action : STIR
3 dormant * * ○ adj. lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive dormant : inactivity :: malleable : plasticity dormant <> active, dynamic, attentive, conscious, 3 energetic, vigorous ○ dormancy <> activity
drab n. (color) a. of a dull light brown b. of a light olive brown or khaki color; faded and dull in appearance; dull or commonplace in character; dreary drab : cheer :: simple : profundity (#)
3 dose ○ n. a specified quantity of a therapeutic agent, such as a drug or medicine, prescribed to be taken at one time or at stated intervals 3 dose : medicine :: ration : food ○ dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment ration n. a food allowance for one day dote to show excessive love or fondness upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (>) upbraid to reprove sharply; reproach dour adj. marked by sternness or harshness; forbidding; silently ill-humored; gloomy; sternly obstinate;
3 draconian * ○ adj. exceedingly harsh; very severe draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity draconian <> indulgent, mild, lenient, genial, lax 3 ○ inclement adj. stormy; unmerciful fretful adj. disposed to fret : IRRITABLE vex to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to palmy adj. prosperous; flourishing lenient adj. inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent lax adj. not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK * 3 drain *○ to draw off (liquid) gradually or completely 3 drain <> imbue ○
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3 drain : empty :: ○ imbue to permeate or influence as if by dyeing dramatic adj. striking in appearance or effect; of an opera singer : having a powerful voice and a declamatory style 3 drake○ n. a male duck 3 drake : duck:: cock : fowl ○ cock n. the adult male of the domestic fowl 3 draw ○ draw : penchant :: 3 draw : doodle :: travel : ramble ○ penchant n. a definite liking; a strong inclination doodle n. an aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch ramble n. an aimless walk 3 drawl ○ to speak slowly with vowels greatly prolonged inch : move :: drawl : speak :: lope : run :: nibble : eat :: lessen :eliminate pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster :loud :: prate : aimless drawl : slow :: deaden : impassive :: bluster : 3 loud :: bicker : unpleasant (c) ○ inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees lope to move or ride at a lope scoff to mock at or treat with derision bluster to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats prate to talk idly and at length; chatter deadpan adj. marked by an impassive matter-offact manner, style, or expression bicker to engage in a petulant or petty quarrel dreary adj. dismal; bleak; boring; dull jocund <> dreary jocund adj. sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality 3 dredge ○ to dig, gather, or pull out with or as if with a dredge often used with up 3 dredge <> fill in ○ 3 drench ○ to wet through and through; soak drenched : wet :: antithetic : different :: 3 obstinate : firm (>)○ 3 drenched : damp :: exuberant : happy (>)○ antithetic adj. being in direct and unequivocal opposition damp adj. slightly or moderately wet : MOIST drift to move or float smoothly and effortlessly drift <> hold fast drivel to allow to flow from the mouth ; to say (something) stupidly nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel drizzle to rain gently in fine, mistlike drops
deluge <> drizzle
palpable adj. easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE
3 droll ○ adj. having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grouch : irritable :: wag : droll droll <> grave, serious, somber, solemn,
3 ductile * *○ adj. easily drawn into wire or hammered thin; easily molded or shaped; capable of being readily persuaded or influenced; tractable ductility : malleable :: toxicity : poisonous
3 melancholy ○ grisly adj. inspiring horror or intense fear flinch to tense the muscles involuntarily in anticipation of discomfort
3 ductile <> incompliant, unyielding, not bending ○
3 drone ○ to make a continuous low dull humming soun; to speak in a monotonous tone; to pass or act in a monotonous way hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous :: stammer : halting 3 drone <> speak animatedly, excite ○ 3 drone <> exciter ○ droop to bend or hang downward; to bend or sag gradually; to sag in dejection or exhaustion drop cloth n. a sheet, as of cloth or plastic, for protection against spills or dripping, used especially by painters 3 drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing ○ droplet n. a tiny drop droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide 3 dross ○ n. the scum that forms on the surface of molten metal; : something that is base, trivial, or inferior 3 dross : metal : chaff : grain ○ 3 dross : smelting :: offal : butchering ○ 3 dross <> treasure ○ chaff n. the seed coverings and other debris separated from the seed in threshing grain smelt to melt or fuse (as ore) often with an accompanying chemical change usually to separate the metal offal n. the viscera and trimmings of a butchered animal removed in dressing drove n. a group of animals driven or moving in a body drove : sheep :: drudgery n. dull, irksome, and fatiguing work : uninspiring or menial labor drudgery <> rewarding work dryad n. WOOD NYMPH 3 dubious ○ adj. fraught with uncertainty or doubt; undecided; arousing doubt; doubtful; of questionable character disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction 3 dubious : conviction :: dishonesty : integrity ○ dubious <> certain, decisive, resolute, convinced, 3 evident, palpable ○ indubitable <> questionable resolute adj. marked by firm determination : RESOLVED
3 dulcet * ○ adj. pleasing to the ear; melodious; having a soothing, agreeable quality 3 dulcet : sweet :: raucous : harsh ○ cacophonous <> dulcet, euphonious 3 dulcet <> cacophonous, off-key, disagreeable ○ off-key <> dulcet off-key adj. varying in pitch from the proper tone of a melody dull adj. slow in perception or sensibility : INSENSIBLE;: lacking zest or vivacity : LISTLESS; lacking brilliance or luster tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth (without) 3 dull : incandescent :: ○ brilliance <> dullness resplendent, perspicuous <> dull trenchant <> vague, dull vitrify to change or make into glass or a glassy substance incandescent adj. marked by brilliance especially of expression resplendent adj. splendid or dazzling in appearance perspicuous adj. clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand dullard n. a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt dullard <> wit 3 duly * ○ adv. in a due manner or time : PROPERLY duly <> improperly, inappropriately, unjustifiably 3 ○ dune n. a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind sand : dune :: word : sentence 3 dupe ○ n. an easily deceived person; a person who functions as the tool of another person or power reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist credulous : dupe :: insensitive : boor dupe : credulous :: libertine : dissolute 3 <> be skeptic, perspicacity dupe ○ perspicacity n. (penetration) acuteness of perception, discernment, or understanding duplicity n. a. deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech b. an instance of deliberate deceptiveness; doubledealing 2. the quality or state of being twofold or double duplicity <> probity durable
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adj. capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay; lasting; stable flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (#) dust 3 dust jacket : books:: ○ dust jacket n. a paper cover for a book dwelling n. a place to live in hut : dwelling :: raft : watercraft deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling habitable adj. suitable to live in or on; 3 dwindle ○ to become gradually less until little remains dwindle : decrease :: crawl : proceed 3 dwindle <> increase, proliferate, wax ○ proliferate to increase in number as if by proliferating wax to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity 3 dynamo ○ n. an extremely energetic and forceful person 3 dynamo : retard, passive :: (#)○ dynamo <> laggard laggard adj. lagging or tending to lag : DILATORY dyspeptic adj. relating to or having dyspepsia; of or displaying a morose disposition dyspepsia n. disturbed digestion; indigestion genial <> dyspeptic dyslexia n. a learning disorder marked by impairment of the ability to recognize and comprehend written words dyslexia : read :: insomnia : sleep
earsplitting adj. loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad earsplitting : voice :: earthly adj. EARTHLY, WORLDLY, MUNDANE mean belonging to or characteristic of the earth. EARTHLY often implies a contrast with what is heavenly or spiritual earthly <> spiritual 3 earthshaking ○ adj. of great consequence or importance 3 earthshaking <> trivial, inconsequential ○ easel easel : canvas :: tripod : camera eatable adj. fit or able to be eaten 3 eatable : eat : palpable : touch ○ palpable adj. capable of being touched or felt : TANGIBLE 3 eavesdrop *○ to listen secretly to the private conversation of others 3 hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow ○ eavesdrop : listen :: collude : cooperate listener : eavesdropper :: observer : spy shadow to follow especially secretly : TRAIL collude to CONSPIRE, PLOT 3 ebullient * * * ○ adj. zestfully enthusiastic ebullience <> impassiveness, lifelessness, torpor, 3 lethargy, lassitude ○ 3 ebullient <> torpid, tepid, lethargic ○ boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling 3 ebullience <> calm restraint ○ 3 ebullient <> reticent, somber, impassive ○
E 3 eaglet○ n. a young eagle 3 eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal ○ fawn n. a young deer 3 earmark *○ to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose; to place an identifying or distinctive mark on budget : earmark :: time : schedule 3 earmark : funds :: schedule : time ○ earnest adj. marked by or showing deep sincerity or seriousness; of an important or weighty nature; grave facetious <> earnest facetious adj. playfully jocular; humorous earplug earplug : noise :: shield : impact earshot n. hearing distance earshot : hear :: ken : see ken n. perception, understanding; range of vision
3 ebullient : exuberant :: (=)○ exuberant adj. joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic 3 eccentric *○ adj. departing from a recognized, conventional, or established norm or pattern; deviating from a circular form or path, as in elliptical orbit hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated eccentric <> ordinary, orthodox, conventional, 3 regular, commonplace ○ regularity <> eccentricity 3 eccentricity <> conformity ○ doyen n. a person considered to be knowledgeable or uniquely skilled as a result of long experience in some field of endeavor conformity n. action in ance with some specified standard or authority 3 echelon ○ n. a level of responsibility or authority in a hierarchy; a rank
n. great brilliance, as of performance or achievement; conspicuous success; great acclamation or applause 3 eclat <> fiasco ○ fiasco n. a complete failure eclectic adj. electing what appears to be best in various doctrines, methods, or styles; made up of combining elements from a variety of sources 3 eclipse * * ○ n. a fall into obscurity or disuse; a decline; a disgraceful of humiliating end; a downfall to obscure or diminish in importance, fame, or reputation eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor 3 eclipse : prominence :: bankruptcy : solvency ○ 3 eclipse : light :: ○ eclipse <> make distinctive, make more prominent 3 ○ enfeeble to make feeble : deprive of strength ecstatic adj. marked by or expressing ecstasy; being in a state of ecstasy; enraptured pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment pleased : ecstatic :: tired: exhausted (<) ecstasy <> self-control astonishment n. great surprise or amazement 3 ecumenical ○ adj. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal; of or relating to the worldwide Christian church ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity 3 diocesan, parochial <> ecumenical ○ ecumenical <> circumscribed, provincial, insular, factional, ecumenism <> factionalism parochial adj. confined or restricted as if within the borders of a parish : limited in range or scope diocese n. the territorial jurisdiction of a bishop insular adj. being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial viewpoint eddy n. a current, as of water or air, moving contrary to the direction of the main current, especially in a circular motion; a drift or tendency that is counter to or separate from a main current, as of opinion, tradition, or history stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly edible = adj. fit to be eaten edible : eat :: potable : drink :: palpable : touch edifice n. a building, especially one of imposing appearance or size; an elaborate conceptual structure tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier buttress : edifice :: splint : limb blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course
3 (?) echelon : hierarchy :: rung : ladder ○ rung n. one of the crosspieces of a ladder
edify to instruct and improve especially in moral and religious knowledge homily : edifying :: edify <> leading astray
3 eclat ○
edit
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to alter, adapt, or refine especially to bring about conformity to a standard or to suit a particular purpose 3 edit : manuscript :: ○ 3 efface * ○ to eliminate or make indistinct by or as if by wearing away a surface ; to cause to vanish; to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface (#) self-effacing <> self-aggrandizing 3 effacing <> aggrandizing ○ 3 efface <> aggrandize, blazon, emboss ○ efface <> bring to prominent, preeminent, 3 institute ○ ineffaceable <> erasable blazon to publish widely : PROCLAIM aggrandize to make great or greater : INCREASE, ENLARGE emboss to raise the surface of into bosses effectual adj. producing or sufficient to produce a desired effect; fully adequate effectual <> unproductive effeminate adj. having qualities or characteristics more often associated with women than men; characterized by weakness and excessive refinement 3 effervesce * * ○ to emit small bubbles of gas, as a carbonated or fermenting liquid, to escape from a liquid as bubbles; bubble up; to show high spirits or excitement effervescence : feeling :: fury, furor : anger (>) 3 effervescent : feeling :: furious : anger ○ effervesce <> be flat, droop, weary, flat, droop, 3 languid, lassitude ○ effervescent <> still, droopy, languid, weary, staid, 3 sedate, drooping, lassitude, torpid, weary ○ 3 effervescence <> lassitude, torpor, languor ○ droopy n. a dog with droopy ears languid adj. sluggish in character or disposition lassitude n. a condition of listlessness : LANGUOR weary adj. exhausted in strength, endurance, vigor, or freshness droop to become depressed or weakened : LANGUISH torpid adj. lacking in energy or vigor : APATHETIC, DULL 3 effete ○ adj. depleted of vitality, force, or effectiveness; exhausted effete <> hale, sound, vigorous, fertile, 3 strengthened ○ hale adj. free from infirmity or illness; sound effluvium n. a usually invisible emanation or exhalation, as of vapor or gas; a. a byproduct or residue; waste b. the odorous fumes given off by waste or decaying matter effluvia <> desired products effrontery adj. brazen boldness; presumptuousness effrontery <> decorum, timidity effulgent
adj. shining brilliantly; resplendent bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence bootless , without advantage or benefit; useless effulgent : resplendent :: bootless : futile
disappointment; capable of adapting to change or a variety of circumstances ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (#) elastic : expand :: viable : live
3 effusive * *○ adj. unrestrained or excessive in emotional expression; gushy; profuse; overflowing gush : effusive :: rage : irate emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious :: manner :grandiose effusive <> reticent, listless, torpid, insensitive,
3 , adamantine elastic <> rigid ○ elasticity <> lack of tension inelastic <> extended viable adj. capable of living; capable of surviving outside the mother's womb without artificial support ephemeral adj. lasting for a markedly brief time adamantine adj. rigidly firm : UNYIELDING
3 lack of emotion, undemonstrative (stable ) ○ effusiveness <> reticence irate adj. extremely angry; enraged licentious adj. lacking legal or moral restraints grandiose adj. characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or by absurd exaggeration reticent adj. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : RESERVED listless adj. lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic adj. INDIFFERENT, APATHETIC 3 egalitarianism ○ n. a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic rights and privileges egalitarian : equity :: meliorism : progress
3 elated *○ adj. marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant elate <> depress, despond, reprobate, wretched elated <> despondent, hangdog, crestfallen, 3 dejected, depressed, wretched ○ elation <> dejection, sullenness despondent adj. dejected; feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection, or depression hangdog adj. SAD, DEJECTED sullen adj. gloomily or resentfully silent or repressed elbow elbow : joint :: heart : organ
3 egalitarian : equality :: ○ meliorism n. the belief that the world tends to become better and that humans can aid its betterment
3 elective ○ adj. of or relating to a selection by vote; filled or obtained by election; having the power or authority to elect; electoral; permitting or involving a choice; optional
egoism egoism, egotism <> altruism egress n. the act of coming or going out; emergence; the right of going out; a path or opening for going out; an exit egress <> entrance
3 elective <> obligatory ○ obligatory adj. relating to or enforcing an obligation
3 eidetic ○ adj. marked by or involving extraordinarily accurate and vivid recall especially of visual images ant. doubtful, erroneous, false, inaccurate, misleading, mistaken, questionable, untruthful, wrong 3 eidetic <> ○ 3 elaborate * ○ to expand something in detail adj. : marked by complexity, fullness of detail, ornateness fawn : imperious :: equivocate : direct :: elaborate : sketchy equivocate : elaborate :: elaborate <> abstract, simplify elaborate <> common, plain, simple, stark, 3 uncomplicated, uninvolved ○ imperious adj. marked by arrogant assurance stark adj. having few or no ornaments : BARE abstract adj. having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at pictorial representation or narrative content involved adj. marked by extreme and often needless or excessive complexity 3 elastic ○ adj. easily resuming original shape after being stretched or expanded; flexible b. springy; rebounding; quick to recover, as from
electricity n. keen contagious excitement 3 electricity : stimulate :: instigator : ignite ○ electricity : volt :: power : watt :: heat: calorie :: 3 sound : decibel ○ eleemosynary adj. of, relating to, or dependent on charity; contributed as an act of charity; gratuitous philanthropist : eleemosynary :: elegant adj. characterized by or exhibiting refined, tasteful beauty of manner, form, or style insolent <> polite, elegant insolent adj. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant 3 elegy ○ n. a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation especially for one who is dead 3 :: hymn : elegy : sorrow :: satire : ridicule ○ praise :: eulogy : admiration elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence elegy : poem :: paean : song :: tango : dance satire n. a literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn hymn n. a song of praise to God 3 elemental * *○ adj. of, relating to, or being the basic or essential constituent of something : FUNDAMENTAL; SIMPLE, UNCOMPLICATED nitrogen : element :: biology : science (blue : spectrum )
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3 elemental <> tangential, incidental ○ tangential adj. only superficially relevant; divergent incidental adj. occurring or likely to occur as an unpredictable or minor accompaniment , of a minor, casual, or subordinate nature elephantine adj. enormous in size or strength; ponderously clumsy microscopic <> elephantine elevate to move (something) to a higher place or position from a lower one; lift; to increase the amplitude, intensity, or volume of; to promote to a higher rank debasement <> elevation elicit to bring or draw out (something latent); educe; to arrive at (a truth, for example) by logic; to call forth (a reaction, for example); evoke evoke <> fail to elicit eligible adj. qualified or entitled to be chosen; desirable and worthy of choice, especially for marriage 3 eliminate *○ to cast out or get rid of : REMOVE, ERADICATE 3 eliminate : remove :: omit : reduce (=)○ elitismf n. leadership or rule by an elite elliptical * adj. relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing; or relating to deliberate obscurity ellipsis : sentence :: apostrophes : word, letter elliptical <> palpable palpable adj. easily perceptible by the mind : MANIFEST ellipsis n. the omission of one or more words that are obviously understood but that must be supplied to make a construction grammatically complete 3 ellipsis : sentence :: apostrophes : letter ○ 3 elliptical ○ adj. of, relating to, or marked by extreme economy of speech or writing; of or relating to deliberate obscurity 3 elliptical <> palpable ○ 3 elongate ○ to make or grow longer 3 elongate <> shorten, truncate, curtail ○ truncate to shorten by or as if by cutting off 3 elucidate ○ to make clear or plain, especially by explanation; clarify elucidate : clarity :: abet : encouragement 3 ○ garble, obfuscate, obscure <> elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly elucidate <> obscure, obfuscate garble to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or change the meaning obfuscate to make obscure
elude to evade or escape from, as by daring, cleverness, or skill to escape the understanding or grasp of 3 elusive ○ adj. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or memory; hard to comprehend or define elusive : define :: (hard to B) 3 elusive <> transparent, accessible ○ 3 emaciate ○ to make or become extremely thin, especially as a result of starvation emaciated : thin :: apoplectic : angry emaciate <> invigorate, fatten 3 emaciated <> corpulent, invigorated ○ corpulent adj. having a large bulky body : OBESE 3 emanate ○ to radiate, emit, eject, effuse, give off, send out; to come or send forth, as from a source 3 emanate <> absorb ○ 3 emancipate ○ to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint; liberate emancipate <> enslave, shackle, lasso, pinion, 3 immure ○ emancipation <> bondage shackle to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of restrictions or handicaps lasso to capture with or as if with a lasso pinion to bind fast : SHACKLE immure to enclose within or as if within walls; IMPRISON embargo n. a government order prohibiting the movement of merchant ships into or out of its ports; a prohibition by a government on certain or all trade with a foreign nation 3. a prohibition; a ban: an embargo on criticism embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact embark to cause to board a vessel or aircraft; to enlist (a person or persons) or invest (capital) in an enterprise embark : funds :: schedule : time (=) debut : career :: embarkment : journey conclude <> embark on embarrass to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at east to involve in or hamper with financial difficulties blush : embarrassment :: yawn : sleepiness catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment embarrass : shame :: console : comfort embarrass : shame :: console : comfort embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement disembarrassment : engagement :: (#) console to allay the sorrow or grief of embed to fix firmly in a surrounding mass; to enclose firmly
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (#) embed, implant <> extract, excise waffle to speak or write evasively 3 embezzle ○ to appropriate (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust 3 embezzle : funds :: usurp : power ○ forgery : counterfeit :: embezzlement : fraud smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate embezzlement : fraud :: nepotism, cronyism : 3 favoritism :: forgery : counterfeit ○ usurp to seize and hold (as office, place, or powers) in possession by force or without right smuggler to import or export secretly contrary to the law and especially without paying duties imposed by law crony n. a close friend especially of long standing : PAL nepotism n. favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinship forgery n. the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or altering a document (as a check) 3 embolden * *○ to foster boldness or courage in; encourage appall <> embolden, nerve appall to fill with consternation or dismay embolden <> abash, faze, cow, appall, daunt, boggle, thwart embolden <> intimidate, fright(=frighten), deaden, discourage, bring down, dishearten, dampen, subdue embolden <> deaden, discourage, bring down, dishearten , dampen, subdue, frustrate, intimidate, fright, abash, faze, cow, appall, daunt, boggle, 3 thwart ○ appall : WEAKEN, FAIL daunt to lessen the courage of : COW, SUBDUE boggle to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples thwart to oppose successfully : defeat the hopes or aspirations of faze to disrupt the composure of; disconcert cow to frighten with threats or a show of force intimidate to make timid; fill with fear , to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats emboss to raise the surface of into bosses emboss <> flatten out 3 embrace ○ to clasp or hold close with the arms, usually as an expression of affection 3 embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference ○ 3 embrace : affection :: blush : embarrassment ○ abrogate, eschew <> embrace ostracize <> include, embrace spurn <> court, crave, embrace abjure, abrogate, eschew, renounce <> embrace, espouse abrogate to abolish, do away with, or annul by authority eschew to avoid; shun abjure to renounce upon oath; to reject solemnly ostracize to exclude from a group by common consent spurn to reject something disdainfully court to engage in social activities leading to engagement and marriage crave to want greatly : NEED
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embroider to ornament with needlework; to make by means of needlework; to add embellishment or fanciful details to embroider : cloth :: chase : metal 3 emergent ○ adj. arising unexpectedly; newly formed or prominent 3 emergent <> waning, declining ○ emigrate to leave one country or region to settle in another repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (#) emigrate : exile :: enlist : conscript (B ) repeal to revoke or rescind, especially by an official ratify , to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm eminence n. a position of great distinction or superiority master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence maven n. a person who has special knowledge or experience; an expert 3 eminent ○ adj. towering or standing out above others; prominent; of high rank, station, or quality; noteworthy; outstanding, as in character or performance; distinguished 3 , unextraordinary eminent <> undistinguished ○ emit to give or send out matter or energy; to give out as sound; utter b. to voice; express; to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation emit <> absorb 3 emollient ○ n. something that softens or soothes; softening and soothing, especially to the skin 3 emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate ○ emollient : suppleness :: desiccant : dryness supple adj. capable of being bent or folded without creases, cracks, or breaks emphasis n. force or intensity of expression that gives impressiveness or importance to something underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership 3 empathetic, empathic ○ adj. involving, eliciting, characterized by, or based on empathy 3 empathetic <> insensitive ○ 3 empirical *○ adj. originating in or based on observation or experience
empower <> revoke the authority enfranchise <> disempower empty-handed adj. bearing nothing; having received or gained nothing 3 emulate ○ to strive to equal or excel, especially through imitation; to compete with successfully; approach or attain equality with emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon 3 emulation : exemplar :: deference : authority ○ obviate to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make unnecessary (as an action) paragon n. a model of excellence or perfection deference n. respect and esteem due a superior or an elder emulous adj. eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another; characterized or prompted by a spirit of rivalry enact to make into law; to act (something) out, as on a stage rescission <> enactment enact <> repeal, rescind rescind to make void; repeal or annul enamel enamel : tooth :: bark : tree :: skin, rind : apple :: crust : loaf rind n. a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits 3 enchant ○ to influence by or as if by charms and incantation; BEWITCH; to attract and move deeply 3 enchant : fascinate :: congratulate : joy (=) ○ fascinate to be irresistibly attractive; bewitch congratulate to express sympathetic pleasure at joy to experience great pleasure or delight : REJOICE 3 encipher ○ to convert (a message) into cipher (a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its meaning) 3 encipher <> decrypt, decode ○ decrypt to decode enclosure n. a. the act of enclosing b. the state of being enclosed; something enclosed stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
3 empirical <> theoretical ○
encode * to convert (as a body of information) from one system of communication into another;
3 emporium ○ n. a place of trade; a commercial center emporium : commerce :: laboratory :
3 encomium * * ○ n. a warm, glowing praise; a formal expression of praise; a tribute
3 :: court : trial :: stadium : game experimentation ○ empower to invest with power, especially legal power or official authority
3 encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil ○ encomium : eulogize :: discontent : complain encomium : eulogize :: quibble : cavil 3 encomium : praise :: ruse : trick ○
encomium <> harsh criticism, invective, diatribe 3 ○ eulogize to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL quibble to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections invective adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult or abuse ruse n. a wily subterfuge (deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, escape, or evade) 3 encompass ○ to form a circle or ring around; surround;to enclose; envelop 3 encompass <> exclude, leave out ○ encounter a meeting, especially one that is unplanned, unexpected, or brief; a. a hostile or adversarial confrontation; a contest b. an often violent meeting; a clash circumlocution <> direct encounter encourage to inspire with hope, courage, or confidence; hearten; to give support to; foster; to stimulate; spur encourage <> appall encumber * to put a heavy load on; burden; to hinder or impede the action or performance of; to burden with legal or financial obligations 3 encumbrance : hinder :: palliative : mitigate ○ encumber <> remove impediment, unburden, assist, aid, facilitate palliate to reduce the violence of (a disease); to moderate the intensity of mitigate to cause to become less harsh or hostile : MOLLIFY impediment n. a bar or hindrance 3 encyclopedia ○ n. a work that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically often by subject encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective 3 :: summary : condensed :: abstract : concise ○ encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed encyclopedic <> narrow, specific, exclusive, 3 selective, restricted ○ compendious adj. containing or stating briefly and concisely all the essentials assay n. analysis (as of an ore or drug) to determine the presence, absence, or quantity of one or more components endeavor n. serious determined effort; activity directed toward a goal : ENTERPRISE endemic adj. prevalent in or peculiar to a particular locality, region, or people endemic : region :: inborn : individual endemic <> exotic, foreign 3 endorse ○ to sign one's name as payee on the back of; to approve openly; to express support or approval of publicly
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rider : bill :: endorsement : policy 3 endow : income :: endorse : approval ○ endorse <> oppose publicly impugn, deprecate <> endorse 3 endorse <> impugn, deprecate, oppose publicly ○ rider n. a clause appended to a legislative bill to secure a usually distinct object impugn to attack as false or questionable; deprecate to express disapproval of endow to provide with property or a source of income; to provide with something freely or naturally 3 endow : income :: endorse : approval○ 3 endow <> divest, deprive, deny, disown○ divest to deprive or dispossess especially of property, authority, or title disown to refuse to acknowledge as one's own 3 enduring ○ adj. lasting; continuing; durable; long-suffering; patient ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch (#) ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living transitory : endure :: immutable : change transitory <> enduring 3 enduringness <> transitoriness ○ ephemeral adj. lasting one day only transitory adj. tending to pass away : not persistent immutable adj. not capable of or susceptible to change energetic * adj. operating with or marked by vigor or effect; marked by energy : STRENUOUS energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: curious : 3 interrogatory (<) ○ frenetic adj. emotionally out of control 3 enervate * * ○ to lessen the vitality or strength of enervate : vitality, strength :: debase : value enervate : vitality, strength :: hamstring : effectiveness curtail : period :: enervate : energy :: desiccate : 3 moisture ○ 3 enervate : vigor :: deceleration : speed ○ eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeblement : vigor :: amnesia : memory dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : strength enervate : vigor, vitality :: palliate : nerve :: debase : value eclipse : prestige :: enervation, enfeeble : vigor 3 enervate <> invigorate, fortify, strengthen ○ enervation <> vitality hamstring to make ineffective or powerless : CRIPPLE eclipse to reduce in importance or repute dispirit to deprive of morale or enthusiasm palliate to moderate the intensity of 3 enfeeble ○ to make feeble; deprive of strength 3 enfeeble : vigor/ strength :: affect : insensibility ○ enfeeble <> invigorate tonic <> enfeebling tonic increasing or restoring physical or mental tone insensible n. lack of emotional response
3 enfetter○ to bind in fetters : ENCHAIN 3 enfetter <> enfranchise, liberate ○ 3 enfranchise * * ○ to bestow a franchise on; to endow with the rights of citizenship, especially the right to vote; to free, as from bondage 3 :: enfranchise : vote :: license : practice ○ illuminate : see :: educate : learn (if A, B possible) enfranchise <> enfetter, subjugate, disempower 3 ○ enfetter to bind in restraints; enchain subjugate to bring under control; enslave subject to bring under control or dominion license to give permission or consent to illuminate to supply or brighten with light engender to bring into existence; give rise to; to procreate; propagate quash, eradicate <> engender quash to set aside or annul, especially by judicial action 3 engross ○ to take or engage the whole attention of : occupy completely engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close (=) 3 engrossed : occupied :: (>)○ 3 enhearten ○ to hearten; to give heart to : CHEER 3 enhearten <> dampen, weaken ○ 3 enigmatic * * ○ adj. of or resembling an enigma; puzzling 3 enigma : perplexing :: (c) ○ enigma : impenetrable :: juggernaut : unstoppable 3 enigmatic : simplistic :: (#)○ 3 enigmatic : lucid :: (#)○ enigmatic <> broadly known, readily 3 understandable, free of ambiguity ○ impenetrable adj. inaccessible to knowledge, reason, or sympathy : IMPERVIOUS juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path enlarge to make larger; add to; to give greater scope to; expand enlarge <> shorten enlighten to give spiritual or intellectual insight to;to give information to; inform or instruct enlighten <> baffle, confound 3 enmity ○ adj. deep-seated, often mutual hatred ill-will enmity <> amity, camaraderie, comity, concord, 3 friendship, friendliness, affinity, agreement ○ amity n. FRIENDSHIP; friendly relations between nations camaraderie n. a spirit of friendly good-fellowship comity n. friendly social atmosphere : social harmony concord n. a state of agreement : HARMONY
affinity n. sympathy marked by community of interest ennoble to make noble; to confer nobility upon debase <> ennoble 3 ennui *○ n. listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic :: somnolence : alert :: insomnia : sleep :: dyslexia : 3 read ○ ennui <> energy, enthusiasm, keen interest, exuberance, excitement apathetic adj. having or showing little or no feeling or emotion : SPIRITLESS somnolent adj. inclined to or heavy with sleep : DROWSY exuberant adj. joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic enrage to put into a rage; infuriate enrage <> subside subside to become quiet or less 3 enrapture ○ to fill with delight enraptured <> indifferent, distracted, 3 impassive○ 3 enrich ○ to make rich or richer; to make fuller, more meaningful, or more rewarding 3 enrich <> deplete, impoverish ○ deplete to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power impoverish to deprive of strength, richness, or fertility by depleting or draining of something essential 3 ensconce ○ to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably; to place or conceal in a secure place ensconce <> dislodge, displace, unsettle, reveal, 3 disclose, exhibit ○ dislodge; to remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied displace to remove from the usual or proper place ensemble n. a unit or group of complementary parts that contribute to; a group of supporting musicians, singers, dancers, or actors who perform together ensemble <> solo enslave to make into or as if into a slave manumit <> enslave manumit to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate 3 ensue * ○ to follow as a consequence or result; to take place subsequently anterior <> ensuing 3 ensue <> precede ○ anterior adj. coming before in time or development
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3 entangle ○ to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass; snarl to complicate; confuse exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl (#) 3 entangle : involve :: grail : question (>)○ disentangle <> snarl snarl to become tangled or confused exonerate to clear from accusation or blame grill to question intensely 3 enthrall * * ○ to hold spellbound, charm; captivate; to enslave 3 enthrall <> liberate, release, emancipate ○ 3 enthrall <> bore, disenchant, dull ○ bore to cause to feel boredom emancipate to free from restraint, control of another disenchant to free from illusion enthusiasm n. great excitement for or interest in a subject or cause; a source or cause of great excitement or interest ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic (#) enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: covet : rapacity reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (>) ennui <> energy, enthusiasm halfhearted <> enthusiastic avidity n. arden desire or craving; eagerness ennui n. listlessness and dissatisfaction resulting from lack of interest; boredom 3 entice○ to attract by arousing hope or desire; lure command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (>) enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love 3 enticement : tempt :: affection : love (=) ○ formidable <>enticing 3 entice <> deter ○ formidable adj. causing fear, dread, or apprehension deter to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting entrammel to catch or hold in or as if in a net : ENMESH; to prevent or impede the free play of : CONFINE entrance to put into a trance; to fill with delight, wonder, or enchantment 3 entrancing <> repugnant, repellent ○ entrance <> disappoint, disgust, repel, repulse, 3 bore ○ entrance <> egress unprepossessing <> entrancing, winsome repugnant adj. exciting distaste or aversion unprepossessing adj. failing to impress favorably egress to go or come out winsome adj. CHEERFUL, GAY entrap to catch in or as if in a trap; to lure into danger, difficulty, or a compromising vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled exacting adj. making severe demands; requiring great care, effort, or attention entreaty n. an earnest request or petition command : entreaty :: goad : enticement
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat supplicate , to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying entrench to place (oneself) in a strong defensive position; to establish solidly 3 entrenched <> changing, flexible, questionable ○ entry n. a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index) journal : entry :: range : mountain enumerate to count off or name one by one; list; to determine the number of; count numberless : enumerate :: irreparable : remedy (motionless : activity ) 3 enunciate ○ to pronounce; articulate; to state or set forth precisely or systematically waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (#) enunciate : mumbling :: clarify : confusing enunciate : words :: limn : lines 3 enunciate <> mumble ○ waffle to speak or write evasively embed to surround closely disinter to take out of the grave or tomb mumble to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth limn to outline in clear sharp detail : DELINEATE envision to picture in the mind; imagine envy to feel envy toward or on account of enzyme n. any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. epaulet n. something that ornaments or protects the shoulder epaulet : shoulder :: ring : finger 3 ephemeral * * * * ○ adj. lasting a markedly brief time; living or lasting only for a day, as certain plants or insects do ephemeral : endure, preserve :: inelastic : stretch :: inanimate : live :: repellent : attract :: 3 immutable : change○ ephemeral : transience :: permanent : 3 perpetuality :: convoluted : complexity (=)○ repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (#) 3 ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility :: ○ imperative : democracy (#) ephemeral : abide :: intransigent : yield (not to B) 3 ○ ephemeral : permanence :: ephemeral : endure :: 3 inert : react ○ ephemeral, transitory <> permanent, perpetual, eternal, everlasting, enduring, lasting inelastic adj. slow to react or respond to changing conditions; INFLEXIBLE grandiose adj. characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or by absurd exaggeration abide to endure without yielding
3 epic ○ adj. of, constituting, having to do with, or suggestive of a literary epic; surpassing the usual or ordinary, particularly in scope or size 3 epic <> modest ○ 3 epicenter * ○ n. the part of the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake ; CENTER 3 epicenter <> periphery ○ periphery n. the perimeter of a circle or other closed curve epicure n. a person with refined taste especially in food and wine ; a person devoted to sensuous pleasure and luxurious living epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating discerner : acute :: epicure : discriminating epidermis n. a thin surface layer of tissue in higher plants formed by growth of a primary meristem epidermis : mammal :: bark : conifer epigram n.. a short, witty poem expressing a single thought or observation; a concise, clever, often paradoxical statement exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise epigram : brevity :: philippic : condemnation 3 epilogue ○ n. a short poem or speech spoken directly to the audience following the conclusion of a play b. the performer who delivers such a short poem or speech dessert : meal :: epilogue : play, novel :: coda : sonata terminus : stop :: epilogue : story 3 epilogue : prose:: finale : music ○ 3 preface <> epilogue ○ terminus n. end of a transportation line or travel route 3 episode○ n. a usually brief unit of action in a dramatic or literary work 3 episode : series :: issue : periodical ○ 3 episodic○ adj. occurring, appearing, or changing at usually irregular intervals : OCCASIONAL 3 episodic <> continuous ○ 3 epistemology ○ n. the branch of philosophy that studies the nature of knowledge, its presuppositions and foundations, and its extent and validity 3 aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge ○ epitaph n. an inscription on or at a tomb or a grave in memory of the one buried there
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epitaph : tombstone :: motto : shield 3 epithet ○ n. a term used to characterize a person or thing b. a term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person; an abusive or contemptuous word or phrase ; shower a person with insulting epithets 3 epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead ○ alias n. an assumed or additional name 3 epitomize ○ to make an epitome of; sum up; to be a typical example of 3 epitomize : brevity :: embellish : ornamentation ○ embellish to make beautiful with ornamentation : DECORATE 3 eponymous ○ adj. of, relating to, or constituting an eponym. eponym n. a person whose name is or is thought to be the source of the name of something, such as a city, country, or era. For example, Romulus is the eponym of Rome. 3 ( A is the source of B) eponymous : name :: ○ equable adj. unvarying; steady; free from extremes; not easily disturbed; serene equable <> intemperate, unsteady, uneven, 3 hostile ○ equanimity <> agitation, excitability intemperate adj. given to excessive use of intoxicating liquors equipoise n. equality in distribution, as of weight, relationship, or emotional forces; equilibrium equipoise <> vacillate 3 equitable * ○ adj. marked by or having equity; just and impartial illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution equitable <> discriminatory, unfair, biased 3 equitable <> biased, unfair, disproportionate ○ equivalent adj. equal in force, amount, or value; also : equal in area or volume but not admitting of superposition equivalent : interchange :: indistinguishable : confound 3 equivocal ○ adj. open to two or more interpretations and often intended to mislead; ambiguous; of uncertain significance; of a doubtful or uncertain nature equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoronic : incongruent amorphous : shape :: equivocal : certainty 3 equivocal <> certain ○ equivocal <> candid candid adj. marked by honest sincere expression 3 equivocate * * *○ to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive; to avoid committing oneself in what one says equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth
equivocation : misleading :: bromide : 3 hackneyed :: cliche : hackneyed, trite ○ equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: 3 obfuscation : clarity :: delicacy : offence ○ 3 equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth ○ equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : 3 incongruous :: platitude : banal ○ equivocation : deceive :: exhortation : urge :: 3 grandstand : impress ○ equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive equivocate <> communicate straightforwardly, 3 clarify, elucidate, certify ○ equivocation <> clarity, explicitness, lucidity, unambiguity, unequivocalness, candidness, integrity, openness, truth, verification, facing, 3 frankness ○ prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE euphemism n. the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant fawn to show affection used especially of a dog imperious adj. COMMANDING, DOMINANT incongruous adj. lacking in harmony; incompatible grandstand to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience waffle speak unequivocally exhort to incite by argument or advice : urge strongly urge to STIMULATE, PROVOKE era n. a period of time as reckoned from a specific date serving as the basis of its chronological system; a point that marks the beginning of such a period of time era : moment : region : site (>) erect adj.. being in a vertical, upright position; being in a stiff, rigid physiological condition v. to construct by assembling; to raise to a rigid or upright condition suspend <> erect prostrate <> erect slouch <> stand erect erode to wear (something) away by or as if by abrasion; to eat into; corrode; to make or form by wearing away accrete : growth :: erode : destruction downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion (A cause B) gully : erosion :: callus : friction (B make A) singe : incineration :: erode : destruction accrete to make larger or greater, as by increased growth incinerate to cause to burn to ashes deposit process of eroding errant adj. roving, especially in search of adventure; straying from the proper course or standards; wandering outside the established limits b. aimless or irregular in motion amorphous : shape :: errant : course :: heretical : doctrine errant : standard :: digress : topic 3 erratic ○ adj. having no fixed or regular course; wandering; lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity;
deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (#) exemplary : criticized :: erratic : predicted 3 erratic <> constant ○ craven adj. characterized by abject fear; cowardly erudition * * n. extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books : profound, recondite, or bookish learning erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect (if A, easy B) 3 ○ prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic (DEFECTIVE) erudite <> smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered, illiterate erudition <> extreme ignorance, illiteracy, 3 ignorance ○ 3 erudite <> ignorant, unlettered, illiterate ○ fathom to penetrate to the meaning or nature of oblivious adj. lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention prescience n. foreknowledge of events saucy adj. impertinently bold and impudent smatter to speak with spotty or superficial knowledge 3 escalate ○ to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, intensity, or scope 3 escalate <> decrease, diminish, ebb, wane ○ ebb to fall from a higher to a lower level or from a better to a worse state wane to decrease in size, extent, or degree : DWINDLE 3 eschew *○ to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds; shun 3 eschew <>habitually indulge in, seek ○ 3 eschew <> <> embrace, greet, welcome ○ greet to meet or react to in a specified manner 3 esoteric ○ adj. intended for or understood by only a particular group; of or relating to that which is known by a restricted number of people; not publicly disclosed esoteric <> commonly accepted, generally known, 3 exoteric, commonplace ○ exoteric adj. suitable to be imparted to the public espouse to take in marriage; marry b. to give (a woman) in marriage; to give one's loyalty or support to (a cause, for example); adopt abjure, repudiate <> embrace, espouse abjure to renounce under oath; to recant solemnly 3 esteem ○ to regard with respect; prize; to regard as; consider esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe (DEFECTIVE) desire : covet :: esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (A show B) infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem (=) stigma <> mark of esteem
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esteem <> abomination, odium, loathing, 3 ignominy, abhor, disdain ○ idolatry adj. blind or excessive devotion to something covet to feel blameworthy desire for obeisance n. a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission : BOW infuriate to make furious stigma n. a mark of shame or discredit : STAIN odium n. the state or fact of being subjected to hatred and ignominy n. deep personal humiliation and disgrace contempt as a result of a despicable act or blameworthy circumstance estimable adj. possible to estimate; deserving of esteem; admirable estimable : admiration :: questionable : doubt (disparage : contempt ) 3 estimable <> contemptible, infamous ○ estrange * * to make hostile, unsympathetic, or indifferent; alienate; to remove from an accustomed place or set of associations estrangement <> rapprochement, reconciliation 3 ○ estrange <> ingratiate, conciliate, mollify, endear, 3 reconcile, fraternize ○ rapprochement adj. establishment of or state of having cordial, warm and affable relations ingratiate to gain favor or favorable acceptance for by deliberate effort mollify to soothe in temper or disposition : APPEASE endear to cause to become beloved or admired fraternize to be friendly or amiable etch to cut into the surface of (glass, for example) by the action of acid; to impress, delineate, or imprint clearly etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive (c) eternal adj. being without beginning or end; existing outside of time; continuing without interruption; perpetual; forever true or changeless; seemingly endless; interminable eternal <> ephemeral 3 ethereal ○ IMMATERIAL, INTANGIBLE adj. characterized by lightness and insubstantiality; intangible; highly refined; delicate; of the celestial spheres; heavenly b. not of this world; spiritual 3 ethereal <> material, ponderous, worldly ○ ponderous <> ethereal, gossamer, lively ponderous adj. of very great weight gossamer adj. extremely light, delicate, or tenuous ethics logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior 3 etymology ○ etymology : language :: genealogy : family etymology : word :: genealogy : human :: 3 physiology : body ○ aesthetics : beauty :: demography : population:: dermatology : skin :: epistemology : knowledge ::
ethics : behavior :: forestry : tree :: homiletics : sermon :: horticulture : flower :: logic : argument, reasoning :: meteorology : weather:: pathology : disease :: pediatrics : children :: 3 podiatrist : feet ○ eulogize * * to praise highly in speech or writing 3 eulogium : invective :: (#)○ eulogy : speech :: ode : poem encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil eulogy : praise :: elegy : lament panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise 3 encomium : eulogy :: discontent : complain ○ quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech eulogize <> pan, cavil, criticize, scathe eulogy <> stricture, defamation, vilification, criticism, accusation, invective ode n. a lyric poem usually marked by exaltation of feeling and style, varying length of line, and complexity of stanza forms quibbler to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words cavil to raise trivial and frivolous objection encomiast a person who delivers or rites an encomium panegyric n. formal or elaborate praise lampoon n. a harsh satire usually directed against an individual satirize to ridicule or attack by means of satire hymn n. song of praise to God encomium n. glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise quatrain n. a stanza or poem of four lines pan to criticize or review harshly scathe to do harm to stricture n. a restraint, limit, or restriction; an adverse n. remark or criticism invective adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult 3 euphemism ○ n. the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant 3 equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense ○ 3 equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity ○ euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure 3 euphemism : offense :: aphorism : diffuse ○ euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffusive :: 3 ambiguity : comprehensible ○ aphorism n. a tersely phrased statement of a truth or opinion; a brief statement of a principle invulnerable adj. incapable of being wounded, injured diffuse to spread out or become transmitted especially by contact obfuscate to make obscure; CONFUSE 3 euphonious○ adj. pleasing or agreeable to the ear euphonious : sound :: graceful : movement :: 3 ambrosial : taste ○ cacophonous, discordant <> dulcet, euphonious 3 ○ dulcet adj. pleasing to the ear; melodious ambrosial adj. something extremely pleasing to taste or smell
3 euphoria *○ n. a feeling of great happiness or well-being satisfaction : euphoria :: euphoria <> depression, wretchedness, infelicity 3 ○ wretched adj. deeply afflicted, dejected, or distressed in body or mind infelicity n. unhappiness evacuate to empty or remove the contents of b. to create a vacuum in to excrete or discharge (waste matter), especially from the bowels evacuate <> conquer, fill up, occupy evade to escape or avoid by cleverness or deceit; to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing; to avoid giving a direct answer to evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goldbrick to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities evade channel channel to direct or guide along some desired course 3 evanescent * *○ adj. vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: 3 periodic : recur (transparent : penetrate) ○ evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate evanescence : transient :: complexity : convoluted 3 ○ evanescent : enduring :: inert : react 3 evanescent : endure :: immutable : change ○ 3 evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency ○ evanescent <> enduring, abiding, lasting, 3 permanent, perpetual ○ perpetuate to make perpetual; to prolong the existence of inert adj. very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH abiding adj. lasting for a long time; enduring 3 evasive ○ adj. inclined or intended to evade; intentionally vague or ambiguous; equivocal evasive <> intended to, frank, candid, direct, forthright, honest, straight, straightforward, 3 unambiguous ○ 3 evenhanded ○ adj. showing no partiality; fair 3 evenhanded <> lopsided, partial, unfair ○ lopsided adj. lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion 3 everlasting *○ adj. lasting forever; eternal; continuing indefinitely or for a long period of time; persisting too long; tedious everlasting, interminable : duration :: countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number everlasting : permanence :: fitful : discontinuity (C) 3 ○ 3 everlasting <> ephemeral, transitory ○ myriad adj. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable untold adj. too great or numerous to count
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fitful adj. having an erratic or intermittent character : IRREGULAR 3 everyday ○ adj. encountered or used routinely or typically : ORDINARY everyday <> extraordinary, abnormal, exceptional, 3 special, uncommon, unexpected, unusual ○ evict to put (a tenant) out by legal process; expel; to force out; eject deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling evict : residence :: banish : country harbor <> evict harbor to be the home or habitat of 3 evince *○ to show or demonstrate clearly; manifest evince <> keep hidden, conceal, obscure, keep 3 secret, conceal, hide ○ eviscerate to remove the entrails of; disembowel; to take away a vital or essential part of 3 evoke ○ to summon or call forth; to call to mind by naming, citing, or suggesting; to create a new, especially by means of the imagination 3 evoke <> fail to elicit, repress ○ elicit to call forth or draw out repress to check by or as if by pressure : CURB; to put down by force : SUBDUE ewe n. the female of the sheep especially when mature sheep : ewe :: swan : pen pen <> cob 3 exacerbate ○ to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of; aggravate exacerbate : depravation :: ameliorate : 3 promotion ○ exacerbate <> allay, palliate, mitigate, assuage, mollify exacerbate <> ameliorate allay to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity palliate to moderate the intensity of deprave to make bad : CORRUPT exact to force the payment or yielding of; extort; to demand and obtain by or as if by force or authority exact <> condone, forgive exactness <> impreciseness exactitude <> imprecision 3 exacting * *○ adj. making severe demands; rigorous; requiring great care, effort, or attention 3 :: exacting : satisfied :: vigilant : entrapped ○ wary : gulled :: indomitable : controlled (hard to B) exacting <> forgiving, lenient, compromising 3 exactitude <> imprecision ○ 3 exactness <> impreciseness ○ vigilant adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger
wary adj. marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful prudence especially in detecting and escaping danger gull to deceive or cheat indomitable adj. incapable of being subdued : UNCONQUERABLE 3 exaggerate ○ to represent as greater than is actually the case; overstate to enlarge or increase to an abnormal degree anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole : pompous : bombast 3 : exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram ○ pithiness : aphorism malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature exaggerated : hyperbole :: pompous : bombast exaggerate : hyperbole :: playful : banter :: 3 nonsensical : drivel ○ exaggerate <> minimize, downplay tirade n. a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature pithy adj. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief banter n. good-natured and usually witty and animated joking drivel n. NONSENSE 3 exalt ○ to GLORIFY; to raise in rank, character, or status; elevate to glorify, praise, or honor; to increase the effect or intensity of; heighten 3 exaltation <> condemnation, degradation ○ 3 exalt <> pillory, lower in status, condemn ○ exalted <> humble degradation n. decline to a low, destitute, or demoralized state pillory n. a means for exposing one to public scorn or ridicule exanimate adj. lacking animation : SPIRITLESS 3 exanimate <> animate ○ exasperate to make very angry or impatient; annoy greatly; to increase the gravity or intensity of exasperate <> mitigate, mollify excavate to expose to view by or as if by digging away a covering; to make a hole in; hollow out; to form by hollowing out excavate <> fill in, entangle exceptional adj. being an exception; uncommon; well above average; extraordinary; deviating widely from a norm, as of physical or mental ability commonplace, ordinary, prosaic <> exceptional, imaginary, exciting excerpt n. a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such as a literary or musical composition, a document, or a film aside : digression :: summary : excerpt 3 excise * * ○ to remove by or as if by cutting 3 excise <> implant, embed ○
implant to insert in a living site embed to make something an integral part of 3 exclaim ○ to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or emotion 3 exclaim : utter :: flare : shine (>)○ utter to express in words flare to burn with an unsteady flame 3 excoriate * * ○ to tear or wear off the skin of; abrade; to censure strongly; denounce 3 excoriation : glorification :: (#)○ excoriation <> glorification excoriate <> exalt, extol, praise lavishly, accolade, 3 flatter, glorify ○ excrete to separate and discharge (waste matter) from blood, tissues, or organs stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration excrete <> ingest, absorb ingest to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption excruciate to inflict severe pain on; torture; to inflict great mental distress on gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (>) excruciate <> exult exult to be extremely joyful : REJOICE gargantuan adj. of immense size, volume, or capacity; gigantic 3 exculpate ○ to clear of guilt or blame 3 exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir ○ 3 exculpatory : absolve :: hortative : encourage ○ alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive exculpate <> inculpate, indict, attribute guilt, condemn exculpate <> blame absolve to set free from an obligation or the consequences of guilt hortative, hortatory adj. marked by exhortation or strong urging exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal sophism n. a plausible but fallacious argument; deceptive or fallacious argumentation inculpate to incriminate indict to charge with a fault or offense : CRITICIZE, ACCUSE excursive adj. of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of digression digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant reiterate to say or do again or repeatedly 3 execrable ○ adj. deserving of execration; hateful; extremely inferior; very bad execrable : denunciation :: exemplary : imitation 3 ○ 3 execrable : denounce :: exemplary : imitate ○
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execrable <> commendable, laudable, 3 praiseworthy ○ denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil exemplary adj. deserving imitation because of excellence execrate to declare to be hateful or abhorrent; denounce; to feel loathing for; abhor execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (=) execration <> sanction, approbation, accolade, compliment, commendation, flattery execrate <> exalt, extol, laud, flatter, praise, hymn, 3 eulogize, commend, accolade ○ execration <> sanction, compliment, 3 approbation○ exemplify to be typical of sanction to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to approbation n. an act of approving formally or officially b : COMMENDATION, PRAISE compliment n. an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration commend to mention with approbation : PRAISE execute to put into effect; carry out; to perform; do’ to create (a work of art, for example) in ance with a prescribed design; to make valid, as by signing impossible : execute :: adamant : move vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute :: acme : surpass adamant adj. impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly unyielding vagary n. an extravagant or erratic notion or action 3 exemplary * * *○ adj. deserving imitation; serving as an illustration; typical emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard :: venerable : reverence :: 3 venerable : deference ○ exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt exemplary : imitation :: notable : attention exemplary : emulate :: portable : move 3 exemplary : emulate :: redoubtable : regard ○ 3 exemplary : emulate :: reprobate : condemn ○ exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard execrate : denounce :: exemplify : imitate (=) harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify 3 exemplar <> atypical example, specimen ○ exemplary <> reprehensible, culpable, inferior, 3 mediocre, atypical ○ emulate to strive to equal or excel; IMITATE obviate adj. render unnecessary redoubtable adj. arousing fear or awe; worthy of respect venerable adj. made sacred especially by religious or historical association deference n. respect and esteem due a superior or an elder atypical adj. not typical : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL reprehensible adj. worthy of or deserving reprehension : CULPABLE reprobate adj. rejected as worthless or not standing a test : CONDEMNED mediocre adj. of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance : ORDINARY, SO-SO
harbinger n. one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner presage to FORETELL, PREDICT archetype n. a perfect example exempt to free from an obligation, a duty, or a liability to which others are subject exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty 3 exempt <> liability ○ liable adj. obligated ing to law or equity : RESPONSIBLE exert to put to use or effect; put forth; to bring to bear; exercise; to put (oneself) to strenuous effort 3 exhaust ○ to consume entirely : USE UP infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (A is not to B) exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (>) exhaustive : thoroughness :: 3 (if A, B in exhausted : rest :: thirsty : imbibe ○ need) 3 exhaust <> invigorate ○ discrete adj. individually distinct mesmerize to subject to mesmerism; HYPNOTIZE imbibe to SOAK, STEEP 3 exhaustive * *○ adj. testing all possibilities or considering all elements : THOROUGH exhaustive : thoroughness :: 3 exhaustive : cursory :: (#)○ exhaustive : careful :: mesmerizing : interesting 3 (>)○ exhaustive <> incomplete, partial, limited, cursory, 3 superficial, narrow ○ cursory adj. rapidly and often superficially performed or produced : HASTY exhilarate to cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic; elate to invigorate; stimulate exhilarate <> sadden soporific <> exhilarating 3 exhort * * * ○ to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal exhort : suggest :: goad : direct (>) exhort : suggest :: persiflage : incite 3 exhort : motivation :: warn : admonition ○ exhortation : encourage :: hurl : insult exhortation : encourage :: prevarication : deceive exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit 3 exhortation : motivate :: obloquy : discredit○ didactic : teach :: hortatory, exhortative : urge inclined to teach : teach :: intended to urge : urge) exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite 3 exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach ○ exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness exhortative : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity :: 3 abet : encouragement ○ 3 exhortation : mention :: admonition : warn ○ exhortation : motivation :: admonition : warning 3 ○
exhortation : encourage :: prevarication : deceive 3 ○ goad to incite or rouse as if with a goad persiflage n. frivolous bantering talk hurl to utter with vehemence prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE invective adj. of, relating to, or characterized by insult obloquy n. abusively detractive language or utterance incite; to provoke an urge on irksome adj. causing annoyance, weariness, or vexation abet to actively second and encourage (as an activity or plan) exhume to remove from a grave; disinter; to bring to light, especially after a period of obscurity exigent adj. requiring immediate action or remedy; requiring much effort or expense; demanding exigent <> deferrable exiguous adj. extremely scanty; meager exiguous <> copious exodus * n. a departure of a large number of people 3 exodus : departure :: rally : meet ○ exodus <> influx rally n. a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm influx n. a flowing in; a mass arrival or incoming exonerate * * * to clear from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task exonerate : blame :: disentangle, extricate : snarl :: 3 veto : assent ○ 3 exonerate : inculpate :: skirt : face (#) ○ defend : exonerate :: exonerate <> censure, inculpate, incriminate, prove guilty, indict, reprehend, sentence, 3 condemn, prosecute, blame○ incrimination <> exoneration extricate to free or remove from an entanglement snarl to make excessively complicated inculpate to incriminate indict to charge with a fault or offense : CRITICIZE reprehend to voice disapproval of : CENSURE prosecute to bring legal action against for redress or punishment of a crime or violation of law skirt to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of controversy face to confront impudently 3 exorbitant ○ adj. exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty 3 exorbitant <> moderate ○ perfidious adj. of, relating to, or marked by perfidy perfidy n. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery exotic adj. from another part of the world; foreign; intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange exotic <> indigenous 3 expand ○
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to increase the extent, number, volume, or scope of : ENLARGE 3 expand : extent :: intensity : degree ○ expansive adj. capable of expanding or tending to expand; broad in size or extent; comprehensive; disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing expand : volume :: proliferate : number expand : extent :: intensify : degree expansive <> reserved, diffident, limited, taciturn, withdrawn expansive <> malicious 3 expedient ○ adj. suitable for achieving a particular end in a given circumstance immediately 3 (A is without B) expedient : delay :: ○ 3 expedite ○ to speed up the progress of; facilitate; to perform quickly and efficiently; to issue officially; dispatch expedite : process :: accelerate : pace consensus : factionalism :: expedition : footdragging expedition : foot dragging :: consensus : 3 factionalism (#)○ expedite <> retard 3 expedition <> foot-dragging ○ expeditious <> foot-dragging, sluggish, laggard, 3 leisurely○ foot-dragging n. failure to act with the necessary promptness or vigor laggard adj. lagging or tending to lag : DILATORY leisurely adj. without haste : DELIBERATELY 3 experience ○ 3 experience : green :: pelf : impecunious○ green adj. not ripened or matured : IMMATURE pelf n. MONEY, RICHES impecunious adj. having very little or no money usually habitually : PENNILESS experiment 3 experiment : laboratory :: trial : court ○ expertise n. expert advice or opinion; skill or knowledge in a particular area selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur (B has A) expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone expiate : guilt :: correct : error :: repose : fatigue expire to come to an end; terminate to breathe one's last breath; die expire <> come to life explicate to make clear the meaning of; explain explicit adj. fully revealed or expressed without vagueness, implication or ambiguity explicit <> obscure, immanent, inchoate 3 exploit * ○
n. an act or deed, especially a brilliant or heroic one 3 (C) exploit : heroic :: gaffe : tactless ○ gaffe n. a social or diplomatic blunder, error tact adj. sensitive mental or aesthetic perception 3 exponent * ○ n. one that champions, practices, or exemplifies 3 exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass ○ 3 exponent <> detractor ○ pollster n. one that conducts a poll or compiles data obtained by a poll canvass to examine (votes) officially for authenticity detract to diminish the importance, value, or effectiveness of something often used with from 3 expose ○ to make known : bring to light (as something shameful 3 expose <> cover-up ○ expound to give a detailed statement of; set forth; to explain in detail; elucidate expunge to erase or strike out; to eliminate completely; annihilate inexpungible salesman : buy :: censor : expunge inexpungible : obliterate :: irradicable : terminate, eliminate :: untenable : defend (#) inexpungible : eliminate :: ineluctable : avoid expurgate to remove erroneous, vulgar, obscene, or otherwise objectionable material from (a book, for example) before publication vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate unexpurgated <> obliterated exquisite adj. characterized by intricate and beautiful design or execution; of such beauty or delicacy as to arouse delight; excellent; flawless; acutely perceptive or discriminating; intense; keen tawdry <> exquisite tawdry adj. gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance 3 extant * * ○ adj. still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct 3 extant <> extinct, lost, missing, destroyed ○ 3 extemporaneous * * ○ adj. composed, performed, or uttered on the spur of the moment : IMPROMPTU juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt :: voluntary : coercion extemporization : spontaneous, unrehearsed :: 3 pontificate : pompous ○ 3 extempore : rehearsal :: voluntary : coercion ○ extemporize : spontaneous :: pontificate : dogmatic (boast : dishonest ) 3 extemporize <> follow a script, prescribe ○
3 extemporaneous <> planned, scripted ○ juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path coerce to restrain or dominate by force pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way dogmatic adj. dictatorial; oppressive to or arrogantly overbearing toward others prescribe to lay down as a guide, direction, or rule of action : ORDAIN extensive adj. large in extent, range, or amount; of or relating to the cultivation of vast areas of land with a minimum of labor or expense interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive insubstantial <> extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant 3 extensive <> circumscribe, constricted, little ○ insubstantial adj. lacking substance or material nature; lacking firmness or solidity : FLIMSY pithy adj. having substance and point extenuate to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of by making partial excuses moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness extenuating <> aggravating moderate to lessen the violence, severity of exterminate to get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate extinct adj. no longer existing or living; no longer burning or active; no longer in use extinct <> extant, resuscitated, alive, active, 3 existing, current ○ extinction <> perpetuation resuscitate to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to extinguish to put out (a fire, for example); quench; to put an end to (hopes, for example); destroy; to obscure; eclipse 3 extinguish <> kindle, ignite ○ kindle to start (a fire) burning : LIGHT 3 extol * * ○ to praise highly; exalt extol, praise lavishly <> censure, despise, vilify, deprecate, disparage, condemn, impugn, detract, malign, rail, deplore, impugn, excoriate, calumniate, defame, slander, asperse, castigate, 3 decry, censure ○ vilify to utter slanderous and abusive statements against impugn to attack as false or questionable malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about rail to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive language deplore to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation asperse to attack with evil reports or false or injurious charges decry to express strong disapproval of calumniate to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or imputations about extort
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to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation extort : coercion :: wheedle : cajolery extract to pull or take out forcibly extract <> embed 3 extraneous * ○ adj. not constituting a vital element or part; inessential or unrelated to the topic or matter at hand; irrelevant extraneous : essence :: achromatic : hue (A lack B) 3 ○ 3 extraneous <> requisite ○ extraneous <> essential, apposite, relevant, 3 intrinsic ○ apposite adj. strikingly appropriate and relevant intrinsic adj. belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing extravagant adj. given to lavish or imprudent expenditure; exceeding reasonable bounds; extremely abundant; profuse; unreasonably high; exorbitant rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue extravagance : expenditure :: loquaciousness : talk frugality <> extravagancy, extravagance extravagant <>parsimonious thrift <> extravagance 3 extricate * ○ to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty; disengage 3 extricate <> enmesh, entangle, embroil, mire ○ extricable <> entangled enmesh to catch or entangle in or as if in meshes entangle to involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation embroil to involve in conflict or difficulties mire n. a troublesome or intractable situation; ENTANGLE 3 extrinsic ○ adj. not forming an essential or inherent part of a thing; extraneous; originating from the outside; external extrinsic <> intrinsic, immanent, inherent, 3 ingrained, elemental, innate ○ ingrained <> easily to change, extrinsic immanent adj. remaining or operating within a domain of reality or realm of discourse : INHERENT ingrained adj. forming a part of the essence or inmost being : DEEP-SEATED extrovert extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting 3 exuberant * ○ adj. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy; lavish; extravagant; extreme in degree, size, or extent exuberant : happy :: soaked, drenched : wet, 3 damp :: frigid : cool (A>> B) ○ 3 exuberant <> depressed, down, unexcited ○ ennui <> exuberance ennui n. a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction 3 exude ○
to ooze forth; to undergo diffusion 3 exude <> absorb, take in, flow inward ○ exultant adj. marked by great joy or jubilation; triumphant exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing exultant <> abject, crestfallen, dejected, 3 lugubrious ○ exultation <> lamentation abject adj. cast down in spirit crestfallen adj. feeling shame or humiliation : DEJECTED lugubrious adj. exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful
F fable n. a usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings fable : tale :: ditty : song ( A is short version of B) 3 ○ ditty n. a simple song fabricate * * to make; create; to construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized parts; to concoct in order to deception discompose : pacific, placid :: fabricate : authentic (#) irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous 3 fabricate <> annihilate, destroy ○ fabricate <> tell the truth, be authentic, be 3 genuine ○ fabrication <> true story discompose to disturb the order of pacific adj. tending to lessen conflict : CONCILIATORY annihilate to cause to be of no effect : NULLIFY 3 façade ○ n. the front of a building; a false, superficial, or artificial appearance or effect 3 façade <> interior ○ facet * n. a small plane surface (as on a cut gem) see BRILLIANT illustration 3 facetious * ○ adj. WAGGISH; playfully jocular; humorous 3 facetious : speech :: antic : behavior ○ facetious <> earnest, lugubrious, ingenuous, 3 sober, doleful, lachrymose, grave ○ antic n. a ludicrous or extravagant act or gesture lugubrious adj. exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful doleful adj. full of grief : CHEERLESS lachrymose adj. tending to cause tears : MOURNFUL grave adj. drab in color : SOMBER earnest adj. serious 3 facile ○ adj. SPECIOUS, SUPERFICIAL 3 facile : profundity :: desultory : plan ○ 3 facile <> arduous, profound ○ desultory adj. marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose
3 facilitate ○ to make easy or easier facilitate <> impede, hamper, obstruct, thwart, foil 3 hamper to prevent the free movement, action ○ of foil to bring to naught : THWART 3 faction ○ n. a group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a large group expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism :: clarity :confusion (#) law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism (A prevent B) factional <> disinterested, ecumenical factionalism <>cohesion, consensus faction <> unity, disinterestedness, 3 cooperativeness ○ factious <> cooperative, disinterested, 3 ecumenical ○ disinterested adj. free of bias and self-interest; impartial ecumenical adj. worldwide or general in extent, influence, or application 3 factitious ○ adj. produced artificially rather than by a natural process; lacking authenticity or genuineness; sham factor to figure in factor 3 factorable <> irreducible ○ fade to lose brightness, loudness, or brilliance gradually; dim 3 fade : loudness :: decelerate : speed ○ faddish adj. having the nature of a fad. faddish <> classic fail-safe * adj. having no chance of failure 3 fail-safe : malfunction :: precarious : stabilize ○ precarious adj. characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger failing n. the act of a person or thing that fails; a failure; a minor fault quibble : failing :: rift : breach quibble n. a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection fallow adj. DORMANT, INACTIVE 3 fallow <> in use ○ faint adj. lacking strength or vigor; performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidly stentorian <> faint stentorian adj. extremely loud faint-hearted adj. deficient in conviction or courage; timid
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3 fallacy * fallacious○ n. a false notion; a statement or an argument based on a false or an invalid inference disabuse : fallacy, miscomprehension :: cure : disease fallacy <> valid argument, valid reasoning, verity 3 ○ fallacious <> verifiable, veritable, sound, valid, 3 veracious○ disabuse to free from a falsehood or misconception veritable adj. being truly so called; real or genuine veracious adj. TRUTHFUL, HONEST fallible adj. capable of making a mistake fallow adj. plowed but left unseeded during a growing season; characterized by inactivity fallow <> in use falsehood corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood corroborate to strengthen or support with other evidence; make more certain calumniate to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about 3 falter * ○ to be unsteady in purpose or action, as from loss of courage or confidence; waver; to speak hesitatingly; stammer falter : act :: stammer : speak 3 falter <> proceed without hesitation, resolute ○ stammer to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking : HALT resolute adj. marked by firm determination : RESOLVED 3 fame○
therein far-fetched <> natural farce * n. ridiculous or empty show b : MOCKERY farce : performance :: limerick : poem 3 farcical <> serious ○ limerick n. a light or humorous verse form fascinate to hold an intense interest or attraction for; to hold motionless; spellbind 3 fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (>)○ enchant : fascinate :: fascination : disinterest, repulsion, aversion fascinated <> indifferent fascinating <> repellent fascination <> disinterest, repulsion, aversion, 3 indifferent○ repellent adj. arousing aversion or disgust : REPULSIVE fast * * adj. firmly fixed or fastened to abstain from food 3 :: moratorium : fast : eat, eating :: respite : labor ○ activity, act : brake : speed 3 :: fast : consumption :: moratorium : activity ○ repose : work :: repose :labor fast <> loosely attach secure <>unfasten 3 fast <> not to be fixed ○ respite to PUT OFF, DELAY moratorium n. suspension of an ongoing or planned activity repose to lay at rest fasten to attach firmly to something else, as by pinning or nailing; to make fast or secure b. to close, as by fixing firmly in place; to fix or direct steadily lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten (=)
3 fame <> obscurity, oblivion ○ 3 famous <> obscure, unpopular ○ 3 fanatic ○ n. a person marked or motivated by an extreme, unreasoning enthusiasm, as for a cause fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (>) fanatic : enthusiastic :: obstinate : firm :: 3 imperious : authoritative (>)○ fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (>) obstinate adj. perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion prude n. a person who is excessively or priggishly attentive to propriety or decorum fang n. a long sharp tooth
3 fastidious * *○ adj. possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail; difficult to please; exacting; excessively scrupulous or sensitive, especially in matters of taste or propriety devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious dapper : fastidious :: fastidious <> easygoing, cursory, uncritical, coarse, indiscriminate, lenient, undemanding, sloppy, 3 uncouth, slovenly ○ fastidiousness <> carelessness, slovenliness dapper n. neat and trim in appearance cursory adj. performed with haste and scant attention to detail coarse adj. of ordinary or inferior quality or value indiscriminate adj. HAPHAZARD, RANDOM lenient adj. of mild and tolerant disposition slovenly adj. lazily slipshod, careless
3 fang : tooth :: finger : digit ○
3 fantastic <> realistic ○
3 fastness * ○ n. the quality or state of being fixed; the quality or state of being swift ; a fortified or secure place 3 fastness <> unsecured place, deliberate action ○ deliberate adj. slow, unhurried, and steady as though allowing time for decision on each individual action involved
far-fetched adj. not readily believable because of improbable elements
fateful adj. involving momentous consequences fateful <> inconsequential
fantasy nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (=) fantastic adj. based on fantasy : not real
3 fathom * *○ to determine the depth of; sound; to penetrate to the meaning or nature of; comprehend 3 recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate ○ 3 fathom : depth :: interminable : lengthy ○ erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect comprehensible : fathom :: uninformative : fathom :: measurable <> unfathomable fathom <> confuse, be unaware of, 3 misunderstand, find impenetrable ○ occult <> bare, patent, readily fathomable recondite adj. hidden from sight : CONCEALED tenacious adj. not easily pulled apart : COHESIVE eradicate to pull up by the roots erudite adj. characterized by erudition; learned oblivious adj. lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention occult adj. not easily apprehended or understood patent adj. readily visible or intelligible : OBVIOUS impenetrable adj. inaccessible to knowledge, reason, or sympathy : IMPERVIOUS bare adj. open to view : EXPOSED 3 fatigue ○ n. weariness or exhaustion from labor, exertion, or stress fatigue : repose, rest :: dehydration : water fatigue : repose :: guilt : expiation 3 fatigue : tireless :: guile : naïve ○ fatigue <> energetic indefatigable <> soon tired expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone atone to make amends, as for a sin or fault indefatigable adj. tireless 3 fatuous ○ adj. vacuously, smugly, and unconsciously foolish; delusive; unreal fatuous <> acute, astute, sagacious, sensible, 3 judicious, prudent ○ fatuity <> sagacity fatuousness <> sensibleness astute adj. having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity judicious adj. DISCREET, WISE sagacious adj. keen in sense perception faultfinder n. one who is given to petty criticism and constant complaint faultfinder : criticize :: arbitrator : mediate :: nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil : elucidate : 3 clarity ○ 3 faulted <> impeccable ○ quibble to raise trivial and frivolous objection; cavil elucidate to make lucid especially by explanation or analysis 3 favor ○ n. a gracious, friendly, or obliging act that is freely granted to perform a kindness or service for; oblige nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud embezzlement : fraud :: cronyism : favoritism favor <> tease, thwart, hurt, impede, prevent, 3 criticize ○ favor <> derogation, hinder, dislike, object to favorable <> untoward
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nepotism n. favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on kinship untoward adj. not favorable : ADVERSE 3 fawn * *○ to exhibit affection or attempt to please, as a dog does by wagging its tail, whining, or cringing; to seek favor or attention by flattery and obsequious behavior 3 condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn ○ imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger fawn : hauteur :: elaborate : sketchy 3 fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness ○ 3 fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy ○ sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: miser : hoard 3 obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield ○ 3 obsequious : fawn :: condescending : patronize ○ 3 fawn : sycophant :: misbehave : reprobate ○ 3 parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn ○ 3 reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn ○ eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal 3 fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful (>)○ obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance depreciatory adj. diminishing in value; disparaging swagger to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner hauteur n. arrogance peremptory adj. characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assurance reprobate a morally unprincipled person misbehave to behave badly pundit n. one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : CRITIC hoard n. a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away 3 faze ○ to disrupt the composure of; disconcert embolden <> abash, faze, cow fazed <> undisturbed, unperturbed, emboldened 3 ○ fealty * n. the obligation of such fidelity 3 fealty <> perfidy, treacherousness ○ perfidy n. the quality or state of being faithless or disloyal 3 fear ○ fear : intrepid :: vulgarity : genteel :: qualm : 3 (without) unscrupulous ○ vulgar adj. morally crude, undeveloped, or unregenerate : GROSS genteel adj. free from vulgarity or rudeness : POLITE scrupulous adj. having moral integrity 3 feasible ○ adj. capable of being done or carried out 3 feasible <> impossible ○ featureless * featureless <> distinctive, exceptional, prominent, 3 singular, discernable ○ singular adj. distinguished by superiority : EXCEPTIONAL
discern to recognize or identify as separate and distinct feckless adj. lacking purpose or vitality; feeble or ineffective; careless and irresponsible 3 feckless <> responsible ○ fecund adj. capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful; marked by intellectual productivity 3 fecund <> barren, unproductive, short, meager ○ 3 fecundity <> aridity, deprivation, barren ○ infecund <> prolific, productive, effective arid adj. lacking in interest and life : JEJUNE feeble adj.lacking strength; weak; lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate feeble : strength :: disquiet : composure feeble <> active, hale, hardy, vigorous forceful <> feeble (deferential ) hale adj. free from defect, disease, or infirmity : SOUND hardy adj. bold, brave feed feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness (if A, B 3 reduce) ○ feign to give a false appearance of b. to represent falsely; pretend to; to imitate so as to deceive virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned feigned <> plain spoken, genuine mediocre adj. moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor n. one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity feisty adj. touchy; quarrelsome; full of spirit or pluck; frisky or spunky felicity n. great happiness; bliss; an instance of great happiness. felicity <> misery felicitous <> fence 3 fence : livestock :: dike : water ○ dike n. : a bank usually of earth constructed to control or confine water fender n. a. cushioning device, such as a bundle of rope or a piece of timber, used on the side of a vessel or dock to absorb impact or friction fender : collision :: feral * adj. existing in a wild or untamed state b. having returned to an untamed state from domestication; of or suggestive of a wild animal; savage wilderness : feral :: (c) 3 feral <> cultivated, domesticated ○ ferocious
adj. exhibiting or given to extreme fierceness and unrestrained violence and brutality ferocity <> meekness ferment n. something, such as a yeast, a bacterium, a mold, or an enzyme, that causes fermentation; a. a state of agitation or of turbulent change or development b. an agent that precipitates or is capable of precipitating such a state ferment <> tranquility 3 ferrous ○ adj. of, relating to, or containing iron aqueous : water :: ferrous : iron 3 ferrous <> containing no iron ○ fertilize fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist glue : seal :: manure : fertilize 3 fervent ○ adj. having or showing great emotion or zeal; ardent; extremely hot; glowing fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid, timorous 3 ○ 3 fervent <> dispassionate, languid, half-heated ○ 3 fervor <> apathy ○ temerity n. RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS timorous adj. a timid disposition : FEARFUL fervid adj. marked by great passion or zeal; extremely hot; burning fervid <> restrained, impassive fervor * * n. great warmth and intensity of emotion; intense heat ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic (#) fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift :: doubt : skeptic 3 fervor, effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger ○ 3 fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid○ zealotry <> lack of fervor fervor, favor <> indifference, apathy improvident adj. not providing, not saving temerity n. RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS effervesce to show liveliness or exhilaration fester fester <> heal festive adj. of, relating to, or suitable for a feast or festival: JOYFUL, GAY, joyous, celebratory, or merry ant. depressed, gloomy, somber; blah, dull, serious, solemn, staid festive <> 3 fetid ○ adj. having a heavy offensive smell fetid : smell :: grating : sound :: ugly : appearance :: cacophonous :: discordant : sound fetid : odor :: sentimental : feeling (DEFECTIVE) 3 fetid <> having a pleasant smell, fragrant ○ fetching fetching <> unattractive
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3 fetter ○ to put fetters on; shackle; to restrict the freedom of. enfranchise, liberate <> enfetter liberalistic <> enfetterist fetter <> release, loose, set free, free, let go, 3 unfasten, emancipate ○ management <> unfettered liberty emancipate to free from restraint, control, or the power of another feudal adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of feudalism; of or elating to lands held in fee or to the holding of such lands 3 fiasco ○ n. a complete failure fiasco <> a notable success, eclat, unalloyed 3 success ○ eclat n. brilliant or conspicuous success unalloyed adj. UNQUALIFIED, PURE fickle * adj. characterized by erratic changeableness or instability, especially with regard to affections or attachments; capricious fickle : constancy :: naive : sophistication 3 fickle <> constant, invariable, firm ○ fickleness <> steadfastness 3 fictitious ○ adj. of, relating to, or characterized by fiction; imaginary 3 , factual, authentic, fictitious <> realistic○ genuine fidelity n. faithfulness to obligations, duties, or observances respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity, perfidiousness (#) fidelity <> apostasy, perfidy baseness n. the quality or state of being contemptible, mean-spirited, or selfish perfidious adj. faithless apostasy n. abandonment of a previous loyalty
fidget to behave or move nervously or restlessly; to play or fuss; fiddle fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread
filibuster n. the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative action filibuster : delay :: hoax : deceive filibuster : delay :: prevarication : deceive filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce 3 filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve ○ hoax to trick into believing or accepting as genuine something false and often preposterous prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE blockade to BLOCK, OBSTRUCT anodyne n. something that soothes, calms, or comforts filigree . n. an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy, intricacy filigree : wire :: lace : thread
3 fingerprint : identification :: ○ finicky adj. insisting capriciously on getting just what one wants; difficult to please; fastidious meticulous : finicky :: fluent : glib finicky <> undiscriminating undiscriminating adj. lacking sensitivity, taste, or judgment finite 3 (=) finite : limit :: germane : relevance ○ germane n. being at once relevant and appropriate fir * n. 전나무 3 fir : tree :: wool : fiber (lawn : grass ) ○
filing filing : metal :: shaving : wood 3 filly ○ n. a young female horse 3 filly : horse :: pullet : chicken ○ pullet n. a young hen filmstrip n. a strip of film bearing a sequence of images for projection as still pictures filter winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter 3 filthy ○ adj. covered with or containing filth : offensively dirty; UNDERHAND, VILE, OBSCENE 3 filthiness : pristine :: (#)○ pristine adj. not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted 3 finale ○ n. the close or termination of something finale <> beginning, genesis, inception, initiation, opening scene, origin, prologue, rise, root, source, 3 start ○ genesis n. the coming into being of something; the origin inception n. the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement
figurative adj. based on or making use of figures of speech;; metaphorical b. containing many figures of speech; ornate figurative <> literal
3 finch ○ n. any of numerous songbirds finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: lizard : reptile ::
figurine n. a small molded or sculptured figure; a statuette figurine : status :: twig : branch :: vestige : 3 remainder○ twig n. a small shoot or branch usually without its leaves vestige n. the smallest quantity or trace
3 finesse ○ n. refinement and delicacy of performance, execution, or artisanship; skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic maneuvering gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning (#)
3 orange : fruit :: eagle :bird :: firefly : insect ○ aspen n. any of several poplars
3 finesse <> ineptitude, heavy-handedness ○ filch to appropriate furtively or casually
n. the impression of a fingertip on any surface; something that identifies: as a : a trait, trace, or characteristic revealing origin or responsibility b : analytical evidence
fingerprint
firefly n. any of various winged nocturnal beetles 3 firefly : insect :: ○ firm adj. indicating firmness or resolution firm : obstinate, obdurate :: careful : meticulous :: energetic : frenetic :: frugal : penurious :: supple : 3 spineless (<)○ supple adj. capable of being bent or folded without creases, cracks, or breaks : PLIANT spineless adj. free from spines, thorns, or prickles; lacking strength of character fiscal * adj. of or relating to taxation, public revenues, or public debt fiscal : finance :: pedagogical : teaching (political : 3 law ) ○ 3 fissure ○ n. a narrow opening or crack of considerable length and depth usually occurring from some breaking or parting; a separation or disagreement in thought or viewpoint : SCHISM 3 fissure <>unity ○ 3 fit ○ adj. acceptable from a particular viewpoint (as of competence or morality) : PROPER 3 fit <> inappropriate ○ 3 fitful * *○ adj. occurring in or characterized by intermittent bursts, as of activity; irregular ; periodic 3 fitful : discontinuity :: everlasting : permanence ○ 3 fitful : irregularity :: passive : inaction ○ fitful <> continuous, constant, stable, steady, 3 equable, appropriate, decidable, enduring ○ 3 fixed * ○ adj. firmly in position; stationary; determined; established; set; not subject to change or variation; constant illegible : read :: fixed : move freeze : fixed :: soil : unclean
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fixed <> mobile, vagrant, adjustable, broken, damaged fixed <> adjustable, flexible, conditional, 3 equivocal, adaptable ○ freeze to cause to become fixed, immovable, unavailable, or unalterable vagrant adj. having no fixed course : RANDOM 3 flabby ○ adj. lacking resilience or firmness : FLACCID; weak and ineffective : FEEBLE 3 flabby <> firm ○ 3 flaccid ○ adj. lacking firmness, resilience, or muscle tone; lacking vigor or energy flaccidity : firmness :: durable : weariness (#) 3 flaccidity <>firmness ○ flagging * * to hang limply; droop; to decline in vigor or strength; to decline in interest flag : country :: trademark : company flag : vigor :: waver : resolution banner : flag :: (A is a kind of B) flag <> wax flagging <> growing vigorously, vivacious, thriving, 3 vibrant, hale, lively and vital ○ 3 unflagging <> fading ○ wax to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity vivacious adj. lively in temper, conduct, or spirit : SPRIGHTLY vibrant adj. pulsating with life, vigor, or activity hale adj. free from defect, disease, or infirmity : SOUND vibrant adj. pulsating with life, vigor, or activity flagrant adj. conspicuously bad, offensive, or reprehensible; fiery hot : BURNING flagrant <> hidden, concealed, obscure, subtle flam n. a lie or hoax; a deception; nonsense; drivel flam <> true story 3 flamboyant * * ○ adj. highly elaborate; ornate; richly colored; resplendent 3 furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve ○ flamboyant <> modest, restrained, plain, humble, 3 understated, subdued (1) ○ 3 flamboyant <> natural (2) ○ furtive adj. done by stealth : SURREPTITIOUS understated adj. exhibiting restrained good taste subdued adj. lacking in vitality, intensity, or strength flange n. a protruding rim, edge, rib, or collar, as on a wheel or a pipe shaft, used to strengthen an object, hold it in place, or attach it to another object flannel flamboyant * n. a soft twilled wool or worsted fabric with a loose texture and a slightly napped surface flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal tin n. a soft faintly bluish white lustrous lowmelting crystalline metallic element
flatter * * to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness (>) sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation toady : flatter :: extortionist : intimidation :: querulous person : complain sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation castigate, excoriate, invective <> flatter loquacious adj. very talkative; garrulous talkative adj. marked by or having a disposition to talk garrulous adj. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative extort to obtain from another by coercion or intimidation toady n. a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving reasons; a sycophant sabbatical n. a break or change from a normal routine infatuation to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration flaunt to exhibit ostentatiously or shamelessly flaunt : exhibit :: flaw * n. an imperfection, often concealed, that impairs soundness glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (#) 3 flawed <> impeccable ○ glitch n. a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem impeccable adj. having no flaws; perfect ingenuous adj. lacking craft or subtlety flax clay : porcelain :: flax : linen (=) fledgling n. a young bird just fledged; an immature or inexperienced person fledge <> molt 3 fledgling <> experienced practitioner, mature ○ full-fledged <> defective full-fledged <> incipient, nascent molt to cast off (an outer covering) periodically full-fledged adj. fully developed : TOTAL, COMPLETE incipient adj. beginning to come into being or to become apparent nascent adj. coming or having recently come into existence flee to run away, as from trouble or danger; to pass swiftly away; vanish flee <> plod fleeting adj. passing quickly; ephemeral 3 fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise ○ perennial <> fleeting perennial adj. PERSISTENT, ENDURING meteoric adj. sudden and rapid; transiently or irregularly brilliant flexible adj. capable of being bent or flexed; pliable b. capable of being bent repeatedly without injury or damage
inflexible : alteration :: adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty (=) static : moving :: pliable : inflexible (#) flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry, foolhardiness (A < flexibility flexible <> mulish spindly adj. slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness spineless lacking courage or willpower daredevil recklessly bold flicker to move irregularly or unsteadily : FLUTTER; to appear briefly 3 flicker <> shine steadily ○ flighty adj. given to capricious or unstable; easily excited; skittish 3 , roil sedate <> flighty ○ sedate adj. keeping a quiet steady attitude or pace : UNRUFFLED flimsy * adj. light, thin, and insubstantial , lacking solidity or strength , lacking plausibility 3 flimsy <> substantial, plausible, convincing ○ plausible adj. superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often specious substantial adj. not imaginary or illusory : REAL, TRUE flinch to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult; grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh grisly ; inspiring repugnance; gruesome droll , amusingly odd or whimsically comical solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch solicitude n. care or concern, as for the well-being of another flint n. a massive hard quartz that produces a spark when struck by steel pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark pestle n. mortar 3 flippant * * *○ adj. GLIB, TALKATIVE; lacking proper respect or seriousness flippant : respect, sincerity :: nonchalant : concern flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern (A=B ) flippancy <> seriousness, gravity, sobriety, austerity, solemnity flippant <> reverential, earnest, grave, serious, 3 ruminant, contemplative ○ nonchalant adj. seeming to be coolly unconcerned sober adj. marked by temperance, moderation reverential adj. expressing or having a quality of reverence, respect ruminant adj. given to or engaged in contemplation : MEDITATIVE flirt to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures; to deal playfully, triflingly, or superficially with;to move abruptly or jerkily flirt : decency ::
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supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious
compliment to present with a token of esteem
3 flit ○ to move about rapidly and nimbly; to move quickly from one condition or location to another 3 flit : move :: blurt : utter ○
3 fluctuate ○ to vary irregularly; to rise and fall in or as if in waves pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate (#)
3 flit <> plod, move ponderously, trudge ○ blurt to utter abruptly and impulsively plod to work laboriously and monotonously : DRUDGE trudge to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously float 3 float : buoyance :: recover : resilience (c) ○ 3 flock ○ n. group of birds or mammals assembled or herded together clique, coterie : intimates :: flock : sheep herd : animals :: flock : birds 3 flock <> segregate, separate ○ coterie n. an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with a unifying common interest or purpose segregate to separate or set apart from others or from the general mass 3 floppy *○ adj. tending to flop; loose and flexible; LIMP 3 floppy <> taut, inflexible ○ taut adj. having no give or slack : tightly drawn florid adj. flushed with rosy color; ruddy; very ornate; flowery florid <> solemn 3 flounder * *○ to make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance to move or act clumsily and in confusion 3 (A is B clumsily) flounder : process :: ○ flounder <> slide, act gracefully, move gracefully 3 flounder <> move nimbly ○ slide to move over a surface while maintaining smooth, continuous contact nimble adj. quick and light in motion : AGILE 3 flourish * ○ to grow well or luxuriantly; thrive; to do or fare well; prosper; to be in a period of highest productivity, excellence, or influence; to make bold, sweeping movements 3 flourish <> wither, waste away, wilt, lose out ○ flourish <> lack of embellishment wither to become dry and sapless wilt to grow weak or faint : LANGUISH embellish to heighten the attractiveness of by adding ornamental details : ENHANCE 3 flout ○ to show contempt for; scorn flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge flout <> heed, flatter, praise, compliment, comply 3 ○ taunt to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner heed to give consideration or attention carefully comply to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes, to a rule, or to necessity
3 fluctuate <> remain steady, stabilize ○ fluctuation <>invariance pristine adj. not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted 3 fluent ○ adj. able to express oneself readily and effortlessly b. flowing effortlessly; polished fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky :: humorous : 3 (-) wry ○ fluent <> halting glib adj. marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful finicky adj. extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards wry adj. cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous fluke n. a stroke of luck; a chance occurrence; an accident fluke <> predicted,expected occurrence flurry n. a gust of wind, a brief light snowfall flush to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment, or strong emotion; blush; to glow, especially with a reddish color galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush fluster to make or become nervous or upset flustered <> calm 3 fluvial * * * ○ adj. of, relating to, or inhabiting a river or stream; produced by the action of a river or stream fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: arboreal : tree :: 3 sylvan : forest :: terrestrial : earth (aerial : star ) ○ sidereal adj. of, relating to, or expressed in relation to stars or constellations : ASTRAL sylvan adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the woods or forest 3 flux *○ n. a flowing of fluid from the body 3 flux <> stability, solidity, stasis ○ stasis n. a slowing or stoppage of the normal flow of a bodily fluid or semifluid focus to cause to be concentrated 3 focus <> radiate ○ radiate to send out in or as if in rays 3 foe ○ n. an enemy in war b : ADVERSARY 3 foe <> ally, confederate ○ ally n. one that is associated with another as a helper : AUXILIARY confederate n. ALLY, ACCOMPLICE
foible n. a minor weakness or failing of character; the weaker section of a sword blade, from the middle to the tip squabble : dispute :: foible : failing squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing tiff : squabble :: foible : failing foible : fault, flaw :: quibble : objection foil n. very thin sheet metal foil : metal :: veneer : wood 3 foil *○ to prevent from being successful; thwart; to obscure or confuse (a trail or scent) so as to evade pursuers 3 foil <> abet, alleviate, implement, soothe ○ foliage n. a plant leaves, especially tree leaves, considered as a group b. a cluster of leaves plumage : bird :: foliage : bush folly * * n. a lack of good sense, understanding, or foresight; a. an act or instance of foolishness b. a costly undertaking having an absurd or ruinous outcome 3 folly <> sagacity ○ sagacity n. the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted foment * * to promote the growth or development of; incite; to treat (the skin, for example) by fomentation conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment foment <> defuse, quell foment <> pacify, allay, alleviate, placate, quash, 3 soothe, suppress, inhibit ○ quell, squelch, squelch, suppress, press <> foment, 3 instigate, rouse ○ conducive adj. tending to cause or bring about; contributive disseminate to disperse throughout discontent n. lack of contentment: a sense of grievance : DISSATISFACTION defuse to make less dangerous, tense, or hostile quell to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity quash to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely squelch to completely suppress : QUELL fondness n. a warm affection or liking; a strong inclination or preference; a taste fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness (>) 3 footloose ○ adj. having no ties : free to move about ant. attached, bound, confined, hindered, limited, restrained 3 footloose <> ○ foolproof adj. designed so as to be impervious to human incompetence, error, or misuse; effective; infallible foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak
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foolhardy adj. unwisely bold or venturesome; rash foolhardy <> wise, circumspect foot-dragging n. failure to act with the necessary promptness or vigor footloose adj. having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity (=) footloose <> attached 3 forage ○ to wander in search of forage or food 3 forage : sustenance :: canvass : support ○ (question : poll ) grazing : forager :: stalking : hunter sustenance n. means of support, maintenance, or subsistence : LIVING; FOOD, PROVISIONS graze to put cattle to graze on stalk to pursue quarry or prey stealthily forebear n. a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor forebear <> descendants 3 forbearance *○ n. the act of forbearing : PATIENCE 3 forbearance <> impatience ○ forbidding adj. tending or threatening to impede progress; unpleasant; disagreeable 3 forceful ○ adj. possessing or filled with force : EFFECTIVE 3 forceful <> feeble ○ feeble adj. deficient in qualities or resources that indicate vigor, authority, force, or efficiency ford n. a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal or in a vehicle ford : river :: pass : mountain forerunner n. a predecessor b. an ancestor; a forebear forerunner <> adherent
n. a preface or an introductory note, as for a book, especially by a person other than the author foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative forfeit n. something surrendered or subject to surrender as punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract 3 forgery ○ n. the act of forging, especially the illegal production of something counterfeit plagiarism : ideas :: forgery : documents ( 10) forger : metal :: miller : grain 3 forgery : counterfeit :: embezzlement : fraud ○ 3 forgo ○ to abstain from, relinquish 3 forgo : disuse :: forget : oblivion ○ 3 forlorn ○ adj. sad and lonely because of isolation or desertion : DESOLATE; being in poor condition : MISERABLE. 3 forlorn <> cheerful, hopeful ○ 3 formidable * ○ Adj. arousing fear, dread, or alarm; inspiring awe, admiration, or wonder; difficult to undertake, surmount, or defeat 3 formidable : intimidate :: churlish : affront ○ overcome : formidable :: formidable <> comforting, simple, reassuring, enticing, genial, negligible, reassuring churlish adj. of, resembling, or characteristic of a churl : VULGAR affront to insult especially to the face by behavior or language entice to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope negligible adj. so small or unimportant or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no attention : TRIFLING 3 formulaic * * *○ formula n. a conventionalized statement intended to express some fundamental truth or principle especially as a basis for negotiation or action ; a general fact, rule, or principle expressed in usually mathematical symbols 3 formulaic <> innovative, original ○
forest forest : tree :: fur : hair forestall to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary forestall <> abet, precipitate
3 formulaic <> improvised ○
forestry n. a. the science and art of cultivating, maintaining, and developing forests b. the management of a forestland; a forestland tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture forest : tree :: fur : hair
3 forswear ○ to renounce or repudiate under oath; to renounce seriously to disavow under oath; deny forswear <> adhere to, admit, approve, tell the
foreword
3 forte ○
forsake to give up (something formerly held dear); renounce; to leave altogether; abandon forsake <> uphold
3 truth ○
n. something in which a person excels; the strong part of a sword blade, between the middle and the hilt 3 forte <> weak point ○ forthcoming adj. characterized by openness, candidness, and forthrightness 3 forthright ○ adj. direct and without evasion; straightforward acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile 3 furtive <>open, forthright, brassy, backhanded ○ deceive <> be forthright forthright <> backhanded backhanded adj. oblique or roundabout fortify to make strong debilitated <> fortified vitiate <> fortify enervate, vitiate <> fortify, strengthen 3 fortuitous * * ○ adj. happening by accident or chance: accidental. fortuitous <> planned in advance, planned ahead, 3 previously planned ○ foster to bring up; nurture; to promote the growth and development of; cultivate; to nurse; cherish foster <> retract, stifle, thwart 3 foul ○ adj. offensive to the senses : LOATHSOME; TREACHEROUS, DISHONORABLE; placed in a situation that impedes physical movement : ENTANGLED 3 foul <> clement, fair, halcyon, clear ○ clement adj. inclined to be merciful : LENIENT fair adj. superficially pleasing halcyon adj. CALM, PEACEFUL 3 founder ○ to sink below the water; to cave in; sink foundation : building :: root : tree 3 founder <> stay aloft, keep afloat ○ founder n. one that founds or establishes 3 founder <> succeed ○ foundry mill : grain :: foundry : metal blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio :: chemist : lab fracas n. a noisy, disorderly fight or quarrel fracas <> peaceful discussion 3 fractious ○ adj. inclined to make trouble; unruly; having a peevish nature; cranky; QUARRELSOME, IRRITABLE ant. agreeable, complaisant, happy, nice, patient; animated, cheerful, happy, pleasant; calm, friendly, sociable 3 fractious : umbrage :: ○ 3 fractious <> good-natured ○ umbrage n. feeling of pique or resentment at some often fancied slight or insult
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hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent fracture to cause to break; to disrupt or destroy as if by breaking; to abuse or misuse flagrantly, as by violating rules cement <> fracture 3 fragile ○ adj. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail; lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate; lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy fragile : break :: porous : penetrate :: flammable : burn limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty fragility <> strength 3 fragile <> robust ○ porous adj. permeable to fluids limber adj. capable of being shaped : FLEXIBLE spindly slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness fragment to break or separate (something) into fragments fragment <> coalesce 3 fragrant ○ adj.having a sweet or pleasant smell. synonyms see ODOROUS 3 fragrant <>fetid ○ fetid adj. having a heavy offensive smell; MALODOROUS 3 frail * ○ adj. physically weak; delicate;not strong or substantial; slight; easily broken or destroyed; fragile spindly : frailty :: limber : flexibility 3 frail <> not easy to crumb, firm, hale ○ 3 frailty <> hardness, stamina, sinew ○ spindly adj. slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness sinew n. solid resilient strength : POWER frangible adj. readily or easily broken infrangible : broken :: inestimable : counted frankness 3 frankness <> equivocation ○ frantic adj. emotionally out of control 3 frantic : enthusiasm :: ○ fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky :: humorous : wry (-) 3 fraternize ○ to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way to associate on friendly terms with an enemy or opposing group, often in violation of discipline or orders 3 fraternizing <> unrelated to ○ 3 fraternize <> estrange, shun ○ fraudulent adj. engaging in fraud; deceitful; characterized by, constituting, or gained by fraud authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical (#)
3 fraught * *○ filled with a specified element or elements; charged; causing or characterized by emotional distress or tension : UNEASY 3 fraught : placid :: baffling : perspicuous (#)○ 3 fraught <> devoid, lacking ○ 3 fraught <> calm, hale, robust, vigorous ○ placid adj. serenely free of interruption or disturbance perspicuous adj. plain to the understanding especially because of clarity and precision of presentation:CLEAR devoid adj. being without a usual, typical, or expected attribute or accompaniment 3 freak ○ n. a sudden and odd or seemingly pointless idea or turn of the mind; a seemingly capricious action or event 3 freaky <> conventional, usual, ordinary ○ 3 freckle ○ 3 freckle : skin, face :: pinstripe : fabric ○ pinstripe n. a very thin stripe especially on a fabric 3 freelancer ○ n. a person who pursues a profession without a long-term commitment to any one employer 3 freelance(r) : employer :: nomad : domicile ○ nomad n. a member of a people who have no fixed residence but move from place to place usually seasonally and within a well-defined territory domicile n. a residence; a home 2. one's legal residence freewheel to continue turning or spinning after disengagement from the drive mechanism; to live or move freely and sometimes aimlessly or irresponsibly 3 freeze ○ to become congealed into ice by cold; to become fixed or motionless; to become incapable of acting or speaking 3 freeze : fixed :: soil : unclean (c) ○ frenetic * adj. wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: firm : obstinate :: careful : meticulous :: frugal : penurious frenetic, frantic <> composed, uninterested, 3 sober, composed ○ 3 frenetic <> moderate ○ penurious adj. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality obdurate adj. resistant to persuasion or softening influences sober adj. marked by temperance, moderation, or seriousness interrogatory adj. INQUISITIVE, QUESTIONING 3 frenzy ○ n. a state of violent mental agitation or wild excitement; temporary madness or delirium; a mania; a craze
3 convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion ○ 3 calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous (#)○ 3 calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition ○ energetic : frenetic, frenzied :: firm : obdurate, obstinate agitated : frenetic :: literate : erudite (<) calm <> frenzy abandon n. a complete surrender of inhibitions convulsion n. an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or series of contractions of the muscles erudition n. extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books : profound, recondite, or bookish learning frequency n. the fact or condition of occurring frequently frequency : pitch :: wavelength : color 3 frequent *○ to pay frequent visits to; be in or at often frequent <> avoid, shun, visit rarely , stay away 3 from ○ frequency <> rarity rarity n. the quality, state, or fact of being rare fresco fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor 3 fretful * * ○ adj. inclined to be vexed or troubled; peevish; marked by worry and distress; troublesome 3 draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation ○ fret <> assuage fretful <> displaying equanimity, equanimous, 3 conciliating, relaxed ○ draconian adj. CRUEL; SEVERE inclement adj. severe in temper or action : UNMERCIFUL equanimity n. evenness of mind especially under stress PACIFY, APPEASE, PLACATE, MOLLIFY, PROPITIATE, CONCILIATE mean to ease the anger or disturbance of. 3 fretwork * ○ n. such ornamental work represented two dimensionally by chiaroscuro 3 (=) fretwork : ornamentation :: oil : lubricant ○ 3 friable * *○ adj. easily crumbled; brittle friable : crumble :: malleable : alter :: lucid : 3 ( A is easy to comprehend :: prominent : notice ○ B) impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible (#) friable <> not easily crumbled, resistant to be pulverized, substantial, difficult to be crumbled, 3 unable to crumble, hard to be pulverized ○ impervious adj. not capable of being damaged or harmed pulverize to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust; to demolish friction n. the rubbing of one object or surface against another; conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests; clash 3 friction : oil, lubricant :: mobility : splint ○
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abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration :: 3 vaporized : heat ○ friendship friendship <> hostility frieze frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript frieze : ornament :: pillar : support frighten to make afraid : TERRIFY ant. calm, comfort, exhilarate, gladden; assure, calm, gladden, reassure, repose, soothe 3 frightening : horrify :: ○ frigid adj. extremely cold; lacking warmth of feeling; stiff and formal in manner soaking : damp :: frigid : cool (>) sweltering <> frigid sweltering adj. oppressively hot and humid 3 frill * * *○ n. something decorative or useful and desirable but not essential : LUXURY frill : superfluity :: void, vain : vacuity, vanity, 3 absence :: germane : pertinency ○ 3 (=) frill : luxurious :: ○ frill <> economy, thrift, austerity, frugality superfluity n. immoderate and especially luxurious living, habits, or desires vacuity n. an empty space germane adj. being at once relevant and appropriate pertinency n. RELEVANCE fringe fringe <> center fritter to spend or waste bit by bit, on trifles, or without commensurate return - usually used with away fritter <> conserve 3 frivolous ○ adj. unworthy of serious attention; trivial; inappropriately silly 3 frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion (#)○ 3 frivolous <> somber, grave, sober, temperate ○ 3 frivolous <> prominent ○ 3 frivolousness <> temperance, grandeur ○ brash adj. heedless of the consequences : AUDACIOUS discretion n. ability to make responsible decisions somber adj. serious; grave sober adj. marked by temperance, moderation, or seriousness temperate adj. marked by moderation temperance n. moderation in action, thought, or feeling grandeur n. the quality or state of being grand : MAGNIFICENCE frond frond : fern :: needle : pine frond : leaf :: boulder : rock frothy adj. made of, covered with, or resembling froth; foamy; playfully frivolous in character or content frothy <> weighty
3 forward *○ adj. stubbornly contrary and disobedient; obstinate forward : control :: intrepid : discourage :: 3 ( if A, hard to B) insufferable : alleviate ○ intrepid adj. characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance frowsy, frowzy adj. unkempt; slovenly; having an unpleasant smell; musty dapper <> frowzy frowzy <> original, striking dapper adj. neatly dressed; trim b. very stylish in dress fructuous adj. fruitful fructuous <> barren 3 frugal * *○ adj. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of money or the use of material resources; costing little; inexpensive parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (>) frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic :: 3 firm : obdurate :: complaint : obsequious (<)○ frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : 3 paranoid (<)○ frugal : parsimonious :: attentive : obsequious 3 frugal : stingy :: informed : astute (<) ○ 3 frugal <> prodigal, sumptuous, sumptuous ○ frugality <> extravagancy, prodigality parsimony n. the quality of being careful with money or resources : THRIFT hubris adj. overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance deferential adj. showing or expressing respect obsequious adj. marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness lenient adj. of mild and tolerant disposition lax adj. not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK * sumptuous adj. extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent stingy adj. not generous or liberal : sparing or scant in giving or spending informed adj. EDUCATED, KNOWLEDGEABLE astute adj. having or showing shrewdness and perspicacity 3 fruition ○ n. pleasurable use or possession : ENJOYMENT; the state of bearing fruit; REALIZATION 3 fruition <> unfulfillment ○ frustrate to prevent from accomplishing a purpose or fulfilling a desire; thwart b. to cause feelings of discouragement or bafflement in to make ineffectual or invalid; nullify frustrate <> abet full-bodied adj. having richness and intensity of flavor or aroma; rich and intense full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound : topical : currency :: germane : pertinency 3 fulfillment ○ fulfill
to make full: to put into effect; to convert into reality b : to develop the full potentialities of 3 (if A, no B) fulfillment : denouncement :: ○ denounce to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or evil 3 full-fledged ○ adj. fully developed : TOTAL, COMPLETE 3 full-fledged <> incipient ○ incipient adj. beginning to come into being or to become apparent 3 fulminate *○ to issue a thunderous verbal attack or denunciation; to explode or detonate fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter fulminate : denunciation :: prevaricate : 3 (c) misrepresentation○ fulmination <> praise adulate to praise or admire excessively; fawn on flatter to compliment excessively and often insincerely, especially to win favor prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE fulsome adj. offensively flattering or insincere; offensive to the taste or sensibilities courageous : bravado :: complimentary : fulsomeness 3 fumble ○ to touch or handle nervously or idly; to grope awkwardly to find or to accomplish something; to proceed awkwardly and uncertainly; blunder 3 fumble : maladroit :: ○ fumble <> handle adroitly fungible adj. being of such a nature that one part or quantity may be replaced by another equal part or quantity in the satisfaction of an obligation fungible <> unique fungus fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist fur n. a piece of the dressed pelt of an animal used to make, trim, or line wearing apparel 3 furnace ○ n. an intensely hot place; severe test or trial furnace : heat :: generator : electricity :: fan : blow 3 ○ 3 furor ○ n. a general commotion; public disorder or uproar; violent anger; frenzy 3 furor, havoc <> serenity ○ havoc n. wide and general destruction serene adj. marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude furrow * to make furrows, grooves, wrinkles, or lines in furrow <> smooth, iron out 3 furtive * *○ adj. characterized by stealth; surreptitious; expressive of hidden motives or purposes; shifty
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caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied furtive : open :: flippant : reserved :: flamboyant : reserved furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve furtive <> open, forthright, brassy, aboveboard, candid, sublime, shamelessly bold, overt, unhidden 3 furtively <> candidly, openly ○ flippant adj. marked by disrespectful levity of casualness flamboyant adj. marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behavior brassy adj. cheap and showy; flashy sublime adj. of outstanding spiritual, intellectual, or moral worth overt adj. open to view : MANIFEST fury n. violent anger; rage; violent, uncontrolled action; turbulence effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger fuse to liquefy or reduce to a plastic state by heating; melt to mix (constituent elements) together by or as if by melting; blend fuse <> rend fuss to trouble or worry over trifles; to be excessively careful or solicitous assert : belabor :: tend : fuss garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful (>) garrulous adj. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative 3 fustian * * ○ n. high-flown or affected writing or speech; broadly : anything high-flown or affected in style 3 (c) fustian : bombast :: vile : turpitude ○ vile adj. morally despicable or abhorrent turpitude n. inherent baseness : DEPRAVITY fusty adj. rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary fusty : freshness :: plebeian : prestige fusty <> fresh futility n. the quality of having no useful result; uselessness; lack of importance or purpose; frivolousness bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence :: void : empty interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (=) 3 futile <> efficacious, wholesome, effective ○ 3 futility <> effectiveness ○ bootless adj. without advantage or benefit; useless resplendence n. SPLENDOR effulgent adj. shining brilliantly; resplendent efficacious adj. having the power to produce a desired effect wholesome adj. promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit
G gabble * *
to talk fast or foolishly : JABBER; to utter inarticulate or animal sounds; to say with incoherent gadfly n. a persistent, irritating critic; a nuisance; one that acts as a provocative stimulus; a goad gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl gadget n. a small specialized mechanical or electronic device gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry trinket n. a small ornament (as a jewel or ring) 3 gaffe * * *○ n. a clumsy social error; blatant mistake or misjudgment gaffe : social :: malapropism : verbal 3 (c) gaffe : tactless :: exploit : heroic ○ 3 gaffe : proper :: ○ 3 miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum ○ illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment malapropism n. ludicrous misuse of a word, especially by confusion with one of similar sound exploit n. a notable or heroic act tact n. sensitive mental or aesthetic perception decorum n. propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance gainful adj. providing a gain; profitable gainful <> unremunerative remunerative adj. profitable 3 gainsay ○ to declare false; deny; to oppose, especially by contradiction gainsay <> affirm, conform, confirm, assent to, aver, speak in support of, concur, validate, 3 concede ○ conform to bring into harmony or aver to affirm positively; declare concur to approve 3 gait ○ n. a particular way or manner of walking or moving on foot 3 :: mnemonic : gait : walk :: parlance : speak○ remember parlance n. manner or mode of speech mnemonic adj. of or relating to memory 3 galaxy * * * *○ 3 galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island ○ archipelago n. a group of islands 3 gall *○ to make (the skin) sore by abrasion; to damage or break the surface of by or as if by friction; abrade; to irk or exasperate; vex gall <> pacify, appease, assuage, calm, lull, placate, 3 mollify, soothe ○ galling <> placating, pacifying, appeasing, 3 mollifying○ placate to soothe or mollify especially by concessions lull to cause to sleep or rest : SOOTHE mollify to soothe in temper or disposition : APPEASE
3 gallant * ○ adj. smartly or boldly stylish; dashing; a. unflinching in battle or action; valiant; nobly or selflessly resolute gallant <> craven, pusillanimous gallantry <> cowardliness, rudeness, discourtesy, 3 insult○ craven adj. lacking the least bit of courage pusillanimous adj. lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timidity galley n. the kitchen of an airliner or a ship galley : ship :: kitchen : house 3 galvanize ○ to stimulate or excite as if by an electric current to arouse to awareness or action; spur; to coat (iron or steel) with rust-resistant zinc galvanize : stimulate :: irritate : flush 3 galvanize <> lull, allay, appease ○ irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy flush to flow and spread suddenly and freely allay to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity gamble to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble adamant adj. impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason 3 gambol ○ to leap about playfully; frolic; to leap, skip, or dance in a lively or playful way 3 gambol <> plod, slog ○ plod to work laboriously and monotonously : DRUDGE slog to plod heavily : TRAMP gangling, gangly adj. awkwardly tall or long-limbed; rangy gangly <> stalwart gangway n. PASSAGEWAY; a temporary way of planks gangway : ship :: drawbridge : castle garble to mix up or distort to such an extent as to make misleading or incomprehensible; to scramble (a signal or message), as by erroneous encoding or faulty transmission correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity garbled : comprehend :: obscured : recognized garble <> elucidate, report accurately, report exactly elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation ramshackle adj. appearing ready to collapse : RICKETY gargantuan adj. of tremendous size or volume : GIGANTIC, COLOSSAL gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful (>) minute, minuscule <> gargantuan minuscule adj. very small excruciate to inflict intense pain on : TORTURE gargoyle n. a grotesquely carved figure gargoyle : grotesque :: grotesque adj. FANCIFUL, BIZARRE
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garish * adj. excessively vivid : FLASHY; offensively or distressingly bright : GLARING garish : color :: prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: fawning : attentive :: bumptious : assertive (>) stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance garish <> muted prying adj. : impertinently or officiously inquisitive or interrogatory attentive adj. heedful of the comfort of others : SOLICITOUS fawn to court favor by a cringing or flattering bumptious adj. crudely or loudly assertive; pushy strident adj. loud harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant muted adj. toned down : LOW-KEY, SUBDUED garment n. an article of clothing hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel toga : garment :: tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment garner to gather and store in or as if in a granary; to amass; acquire garrulous * * adj. given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative; wordy and rambling garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet :: fussy : careful :: garish :bright (>) garrulous, loquacious : words, talk :: prodigal, profligate : money garrulity <> taciturnity garrulous <> taciturn, reticent cloy to surfeit with an excess usually of something pleasing prodigal adj. recklessly extravagant gash n. a long, deep cut; a deep flesh wound cleft : chasm :: cut : gash gasification n. conversion into gas gasification, vaporization <> solidification gauche adj. lacking social experience or grace; tactless gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill gaucheness <> polish, graceful gaudy adj. showy in a tasteless or vulgar way gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak, language grandiloquence adj. pompous or bombastic speech gauge to measure precisely; to determine the capacity, volume, or contents of; to evaluate or judge immeasurable : gauge :: inexorable : stop scale : weight :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: plumb : depth :: gauge : pressure inexorable adj. not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty gaunt * *
adj. excessively thin and angular; BARREN, DESOLATE gaunt <> hale, corpulent, obese, portly hale adj. free from defect, disease, or infirmity corpulent adj. having a large bulky body : OBESE obese adj. excessively fat portly adj. heavy or rotund of body : STOUT, STURDY, VIGOROUS gavel n. a mallet used (as by a presiding officer or auctioneer) for commanding attention or confirming an action (as a vote or sale) gawky adj. awkward, clumsy gawky <> adept gear gear : tooth :: screw : thread
loutish adj. awkward, stupid, and boorish gentle adj. KIND, AMIABLE; TRACTABLE, DOCILE truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (#) truculent adj. feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL, SAVAGE unregenerate adj. UNRECONSTRUCTED; OBSTINATE, STUBBORN remorse n. a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH genuine adj. free from hypocrisy or pretense : SINCERE genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity spurious <> genuine spurious adj. lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false
gelid adj. extremely cold : ICY gelid <> steamy
germane adj. being both pertinent and fitting cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence germane <> irrelevant, inappropriate
genealogy n. a record or table of the descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; a family tree
gerrymander to divide (an area) into political units to give special advantages to one group gerrymander : district :: rig : contest
generator n. a machine by which mechanical energy is changed into electrical energy
gesture parody : style :: mime : gesture
generic adj. relating to or characteristic of a whole group or class : GENERAL ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity generic <> specific ecumenical adj. of worldwide scope or applicability generosity n. liberality in giving or willingness to give; nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity generosity <> stinginess genial * * adj. having a pleasant or friendly disposition or manner; cordial and kindly resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality genial : bonhomie :: diplomatic : tact genial : joviality :: diplomatic : tact genial <> caustic, dyspeptic, mordant, truculent, bellicose caustic <> palliating, genial dour <> congenial, genial bonhomie n. : good-natured easy friendliness joviality n. markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by jollity and conviviality dyspeptic adj. ill humor : DISGRUNTLEMENT mordant adj. bitingly sarcastic; bitingly painful truculent adj. feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL, SAVAGE dour adj. OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING genteel adj. refined in manner; well-bred and polite; free from vulgarity or rudeness genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear : unscrupulous : qualm genteel <> loutish, churlish, vulgar, boorish intrepid adj. resolutely courageous; fearless remorse adj. moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret
geyser n. an apparatus for heating water rapidly with a gas flame geyser : water :; volcano : lava ghastly adj. inspiring shock, revulsion, or horror by or as if by suggesting death; terrifying; suggestive of or resembling ghosts; extremely unpleasant or bad ghastly : unpleasant :: (>) gibberish n. unintelligible or meaningless language: a : a technical or esoteric language b : pretentious or needlessly obscure language gibe * to deride or tease with taunting words apologize : regret :: gibe : derision condolence : sympathy, compassion :: gibe : derision condolence , sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune gibberish : unintelligible or meaningless language: 1. a technical or esoteric language 2. pretentious or needlessly obscure language giddy * Adj.frivolous and lighthearted; flighty giddiness <> graveness giddy <> serious, grave, staid, sober staid adj. marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint : SOBER, GRAVE girder n. a horizontal beam, as of steel or wood, used as a main support for a building or bridge truss, girder : support :: ballast : stability gist n. the center idea; the essence
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gist <> trivial point, tangential point glacial * * adj. extremely cold : FRIGID; suggestive of the very slow movement of glaciers glacial : slow :: glacial : cold :: labyrinth : complicate glacier : ice :: inferno : heat(fire) glacier : ice :: sea : water labyrinth n. something extremely complex or tortuous in structure, arrangement, or character inferno n. intense heat glade n. an open space surrounded by woods oasis : desert :: glade : wood gladiator n. a person engaged in a fight to the death as public entertainment for ancient Romans gladiator : arena :: lawyer : courtroom glamorize to make glamorous; to treat or portray in a romantic manner; idealize or glorify glance * n. a brief or cursory look blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation :: glance : look :: cameo : appearance peck : kiss :: glance : look blurb n. a short publicity notice gloss n. a brief explanation peck n. a quick light kiss glaring adj. shining intensely and blindingly; conspicuous; obvious glaring <> unnoticeable glaze to give a smooth, lustrous surface to glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood glaze <> rumple rumple to wrinkle or form into folds or creases glee adj. jubilant delight; joy glee <> lamentation, mourning, sadness glib * adj. performed with a natural, offhand ease; marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity (LACK) glib <> labored, awkward, taciturn finicky adj. extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards labored adj. produced or performed with labor taciturn adj. temperamentally disinclined to talk glide * to move in a smooth, effortless manner; to move silently and furtively glide : effort :: wander : purpose glimmer to emit a dim or intermittent light; to appear faintly or indistinctly glisten to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere
n. a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense glitch : malfunction, problem :: peccadillo : error gloat to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction primp : vain :: gloat : smug primp to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail gloomy adj. partially or totally dark, especially dismal and dreary; marked by hopelessness; very pessimistic despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy :: masterful : skilled saturnine adj. melancholy or sullen gloss n. a brief explanatory note or translation of a difficult or technical expression usually inserted in the margin or between lines of a text or manuscript blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition glossary n. a list of difficult or specialized words with their definitions, often placed at the back of a book glossary : text :: legend : map glossy adj. having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface; superficially and often speciously attractive; showy varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth glut * to fill beyond capacity, especially with food; satiate; to flood (a market) with an excess of goods so that supply exceeds demand glut <> dearth, paucity dearth n. a scare supply; shortage of food; famine paucity n. smallness of number : FEWNESS; smallness of quantity : DEARTH glutinous adj. of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky, agglutinated etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive glutinous <> non viscous glutton * n. a person who eats or consumes immoderate amounts of food and drink; a person with an inordinate capacity to receive or withstand something avarice : money :: gluttony : food glutton : appetite :: zealot : passion glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self denial gluttonous : restraint :: pristine : taint gluttonous <> abstemious avarice n. excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY taint to contaminate morally : CORRUPT gnarled adj. full of knots or gnarls : KNOTTY gnarled <> smooth goad
glitch
to prod or urge with or as if with a long pointed stick command : entreaty :: goad : enticement (>) gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse goad <> check, curb, lull entreaty n. an earnest request or petition; a plea gobble to devour in large, greedy gulps; to take greedily; grab quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: swill : sip gobble : eat :: guzzle : drink swill to drink greedily or grossly go-getter n. an aggressively enterprising person go-getter <> inactive, apathetic, boring, weak, impotent person impotent adj. lacking in power, strength, or vigor goggle goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands :: earmuff : ear goldbrick to shirk one's assigned duties or responsibilities evade : answer :: goldbrick : work goodwill n. an attitude of kindness or friendliness; benevolence; cheerful acquiescence or willingness goodwill <> spleen, rancor spleen n. ill temper rancor n. bitter, long-lasting resentment; deepseated ill will gorge to stuff with food; glut; to devour greedily reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge gossamer * n. a soft, sheer, gauzy fabric; something delicate, light, or flimsy gossamer <> weighty, ponderous, substantial, strong, opaque opaque adj. blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially light gouge n. a chisel with a rounded, trough like blade hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (>) gourmand n. a lover of good food; a gluttonous eater gourmand : food :: aesthetic : art (sage : wisdom ) gourmand : appetite :: skinflint : thrift gourmet n. a connoisseur of fine food and drink bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food :: aesthete : art :: cineast : film connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine gourmet : eat :: bookworm : read graft to unite (a shoot or bud) with a growing plant by insertion or by placing in close contact b. to join (a plant or plants) by such union graft <> disjoin grandeur n. the quality or condition of being grand; magnificence grandeur :: mean :: (#) grandeur <> frivolousness, shabbiness frivolous adj. inappropriately silly
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grandiloquence n. pompous or bombastic speech or expression gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak grandiloquent <> secretive gaudy adj. showy in a tasteless or vulgar way secretive adj. having or marked by an inclination to secrecy; not open, forthright, or frank grandiose adj. characterized by feigned or affected grandeur; pompous ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility (#) grandiose <> humble, trivial, modest grandstand * to perform ostentatiously so as to impress an audience grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive :: proselytize : convert proselytize to induce someone to convert to one's faith granite n. a very hard natural igneous rock hydrogen : atom :: granite : rock grant to consent to the fulfillment of to as a favor, prerogative, or privilege concede <> refuse to grant withhold <> grant withhold to keep in check; to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting grapevine n. a vine on which grapes grow; the informal transmission of information, gossip, or rumor from person to person grapevine <> official news grapple n. the act or an instance of grappling, a hand-tohand struggle, a contest for superiority or mastery grate to reduce to fragments, shreds, or powder by rubbing against an abrasive surface grating : sound :: acrid : odor :: fetid : smell grate <> soothe grating <> soothing fetid adj. having an offensive odor gratify to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to; indulge gratify : desire :: slake : thirst aggrieve, irk, rile, nettle, displease <> gratify aggrieve to give pain or trouble to : DISTRESS irk to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to rile to stir to anger; to stir up nettle to irritate; vex grate * to rub or rasp noisily; to cause irritation : JAR gratis adj. without charge gratuitous * * * * * adj. given or granted without return or recompense; unearned; costing nothing : FREE ; unnecessary or unwarranted; unjustified gratuitous : justification :: gratuitous <> earned, paid
gratuitous <> based, well-founded gratuitous <> justified, warranted, justifiable, merited, deserved deserve to be worthy, fit, or suitable for some reward or requital grave * adj. AUTHORITATIVE, WEIGHTY b : meriting serious consideration : IMPORTANT; significantly serious : CONSIDERABLE, GREAT; drab in color : significantly serious : CONSIDERABLE, GREATSOMBER grave <> insignificant, trivial grave <> flippant, giddy, droll flippant adj. lacking proper respect or seriousness giddy adj. lightheartedly silly; joyfully elated : EUPHORIC droll adj. having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality gravel n. a loose rounded fragments of rock adj. having a rough or grating sound to PERPLEX, CONFOUND b : IRRITATE, NETTLE gravel : pebble :: crowd : person : bouquet : flower gravel, gravelly <> mellifluous gravelly <> mellifluous mellifluous adj. having a smooth rich flow gravity n. grave consequence; seriousness or importance frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion greedy adj. excessively desirous of acquiring or possessing, especially wishing to possess more than what one needs or deserves; wanting to eat or drink more than one can reasonably consume; gluttonous greed <> aversion, distaste, temperance greedy <> generous temperance n. moderation in action, thought, or feeling green * adj. not fully processed or treated: not aged experience : green :: pelf : impecunious inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pelf n. MONEY, RICHES impecunious adj. having very little or no money usually habitually : PENNILE pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious refractory adj. resisting control or authority : STUBBORN gregarious * * * adj. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness gregarious <> aloof, prefer solitude, reserved, unsociable, antagonistic poseur n. a person who pretends to be what he or she is not : an affected or insincere person recluse n. a person who leads a secluded or solitary life aloof adj. distant physically or emotionally; reserved and remote grievous adj. causing grief, pain, or anguish; serious or dire; grave grieve to cause to be sorrowful; distress; SERIOUS, GRAVE smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow
solace : grief :: pacification : anger grievous <> slight, joyous smart to feel or have such a pain grieve to feel grief : SORROW solace n. comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress slight adj. deficient in weight, solidity, or importance : TRIVIAL grill * to question intensely question : grill :: grimace * * n. a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval contortion : body :: grimace : face :: chagrin : mind grimace : pain :: chortle : amusement :flinch : fear contort to twist, wrench, or bend severely out of shape chagrin to vex or unsettle by disappointing or humiliating chortle to sing or chant exultantly flinch to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain grin to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor pout <> grin gripe to irritate; annoy gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration grisly adj. inspiring repugnance; gruesome grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh gruesome adj. causing horror and repugnance; droll adj. amusingly odd or whimsically gritty * adj. courageously persistent : PLUCKY groove n. a long narrow channel or depression grooved : striation :: braided : strand striated : groove :: dappled : spot grotesque adj. characterized by ludicrous or incongruous distortion, as of appearance or manner grotto n. a small cave or cavern grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel grouch * n. a habitually complaining or irritable person adj. grumbling or sulky mood: in a grouch about the long line for tickets grouch : irritable :: wag : droll wag to move (as the tongue) animatedly in conversation droll adj. having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality groundless * adj. having no ground or foundation groundless <> substantial, well-founded, persuasive, justifiable, logical, justified grouse to complain; grumble grouse <> rejoice
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grove * n. a small wood or stand of trees that lacks dense undergrowth grove : trees :: archipelago : islands grovel * to behave in a servile or demeaning manner; cringe to lie or creep in a prostrate position, as in subservience or humility pluck : quit :: pride : grovel minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary imperious : grovel :: (#) groveling <> supercilious, imperious, arrogant, domineering supercilious adj. coolly and patronizingly haughty domineering adj. inclined to domineer; MASTERFUL pluck n. courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds minion n. a servile dependent, follower, or underling growl * to emit a low, guttural sound or utterance; to speak in an angry or surly manner growl : guttural :: guttural adj. being or marked by utterance that is strange, unpleasant, or disagreeable grudge n. a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor grudge <> goodwill grueling adj. physically or mentally demanding to the point of exhaustion grueling <> effortless, easy, pleasing gruesome adj. causing horror and repugnance; frightful and shocking gruesome : repugnance :: sublime : awe sublime adj. lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or manner gruff * adj. rough, brusque, or stern in manner, speech, or aspect; being deep and harsh : HOARSE gruffness : convivial :: gruff : congenial :: gruff <> amenable convivial adj. relating to, occupied with, or fond of feasting, drinking, and good company congenial adj. existing or associated together harmoniously amenable adj. readily brought to yield, or cooperate grumble to complain in a surly manner; mutter discontentedly to rumble or growl grumble : discontent :: crow : exultation (warn : danger, snub : envy ) crow to brag exultantly or blatantly guarantee vouch <> refuse to guarantee vouch guffaw * to laugh heartily and boisterously guile * adj. treacherous cunning; skillful deceit
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile (#) blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless (#) impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile (#) guile : artless :: blemish : flawless (#) guile : naif :: tardy : prompt :: sensibility : boor :: purpose : aimless(#) gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination gullible <> easily deceived or duped artless <> cunning, guile guileless <> manipulative, artful, disingenuous blemish to mar or impair by a flaw chicanery n. deception by trickery or sophistry naif, naive guilt n. feelings of culpability especially for imagined offenses or from a sense of inadequacy : SELFREPROACH narcissism : love :: guilt : blame guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose innocence <> guilt expiate to extinguish the guilt incurred by repose to take a rest gullible * * adj. easily duped or cheated compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible (<) gullible : credulity :: gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination(#) gullibility : discernment :: ambivalence : commitment :: misconduct : rectitude (deft : competence ) (#) vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled gullible <> suspicious, untrusting servile adj. meanly or cravenly submissive : ABJECT credulity n. readiness or willingness to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence compliant adj. ready or disposed to comply : SUBMISSIVE discern to detect with the eyes wary adj. on guard; watchful; characterized by caution rectitude n. moral integrity : RIGHTEOUSNESS deft adj. characterized by facility and vigilant adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger entrap to catch in or as if in a trap gull to take advantage of (one who is foolish or unwary) : DECEIVE gully * * n. a deep ditch or channel cut in the earth by running water after a prolonged downpour mountain : gully :: gully : erosion :: callus : friction (dewdrop : evaporation ) callus n. a thickening of or a hard thickened area on skin or bark gulp to swallow greedily or rapidly in large amounts gum resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant gush to flow forth suddenly in great volume blast : whiff :: gush : trickle gush : effusive :: rage : irate :: fulminate : irate irate adj. extremely angry; enraged gust * n. a strong, abrupt rush of wind
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall :: flare : light :: yank : pull cloudburst n. a sudden, heavy rainstorm; a downpour yank n. a strong sudden pull : JERK guttural adj. having a harsh, grating quality, as certain sounds produced in the back of the mouth. growl : guttural :: growl to emit a low, guttural sound guzzle to drink greedily or habitually; to consume to excess complain : carp :: drink : guzzle carp to find fault in a disagreeable way; complain fretfully H habit adj. recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition habit <> unwonted behavior habitable adj. suitable to live in or on; inhabitable potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling untenable <> habitable untenable adj. not able to be occupied hack to cut or chop with repeated and irregular blows; to break up the surface of (soil) n. a writer who works on order; a writer who aims solely for commercial success mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer hack : carve :: gouge : engrave (>) mercenary n. a soldier hired into foreign service engrave to cut figures, letters, or designs on for printing hacker n. a person who is inexperienced or unskilled at a particular activity hackneyed * * adj. overfamiliar through overuse; trite; lacking in freshness or originality windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (#) equivocation : misleading :: bromide, cliché : hackneyed hackneyed <> fresh, offbeat, singular, original, new, noteworthy, innovative bromide <> unhackneyed person unhackneyed <> trite bromide n. a commonplace remark or notion; a platitude offbeat adj. unconventional singular adj. distinguished by superiority : EXCEPTIONAL trite adj. lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition hairbreadth n. a very small distance or margin hairbreadth <> ample margin, widely margin halcyon adj. peaceful; tranquil; prosperous; golden halcyon <> tempestuous, stormy, miserable, turbulent, violent, ominous, excited, dark, tumultuous, miserable tempestuous adj. TURBULENT, STORMY ominous adj. INAUSPICIOUS
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tumultuous adj. marked by violent or overwhelming turbulence or upheaval hale * adj. free from defect, disease, or infirmity; sound hale <> infirm, effete, blighted, wan, anemic, decrepit, frail, gaunt infirm adj. not solid or stable : INSECURE effete adj. having lost character, vitality, or strength blight n. a disease or injury of plants resulting in withering, cessation of growth, and death of parts without rotting wan adj. lacking vitality : FEEBLE anemic adj. lacking force, vitality, or spirit decrepit adj. DILAPIDATED, RUN-DOWN gaunt adj. excessively thin and angular
damage : ruin :: hamper : thwart (A=B) laundry : hamper :: mail : mailbox seminal <> hampering further development hamper <> facilitate, help, allow, unfetter, liberate seminal adj. containing or contributing the seeds of later development : CREATIVE, ORIGINAL facilitate to make easy or easier fetter to restrain from motion, action, or progress
harbor to give shelter to; to provide a place, home, or habitat for harbor <> evict, fail to shelter hard-bitten adj. toughened by experience hard-bitten <> tender
hamstring * * to make ineffective or powerless; to destroy or hinder the efficiency of; frustrate hamstring : effectiveness, efficaciousness :: enervate : strength :: retard : process hamstring <> make efficient
hard-boiled adj. callous; unfeeling; unsentimental and practical; tough hard-boiled <> impractical, sentimental
half-baked adj. only partly baked; exhibiting a lack of good judgment or common sense half-baked <> well thought of, complete
handle cumbersome <> easy to handle cumbersome adj. difficult to handle because of weight
hard-line adj. firm and uncompromising, as in policy, position, or stance hard-liner <> compromise
halfhearted adj. exhibiting or feeling little interest, enthusiasm, or heart; uninspired halfhearted <> enthusiastic
hangdog * adj. shamefaced or guilty; downcast; intimidated hangdog <> buoyant, elated, merry, sprightly, cheerful buoyant adj. CHEERFUL, GAY
hallmark n. a mark indicating quality or excellence hallmark <> uncharacteristic feature
hankering n. adj. having a strong or persistent desire hankering <> lack of desire, aversion, hate, odium odium n. hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or contempt : DETESTATION
hardy adj. being in robust and sturdy good health; courageous; intrepid hardy <> feeble, tender, infirm, whimsical hardness <> frailty whimsical adj. subject to erratic behavior or unpredictable change frailty n. a fault due to weakness especially of moral character
hallow to make or set apart as holy; to respect or honor greatly; revere hallow <> desecrate desecrate to violate the sacredness of; profane hallucination n. a false perception delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception halting adj. hesitant or wavering; imperfect; defective stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous halting <> glib, fluent stammer to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking; halter glib adj. marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful ham-handed adj. clumsy; maladroit; heavy-handed ham-handed <> deft, adroit hammer to hit, especially repeatedly, with or as if with a hammer; pound; to put together, fasten, or seal, particularly with nails, by hammering hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar hammer : carpenter :: knife : butcher anvil n. a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped pestle n. any of various devices for pounding, stamping, or pressing mortar n. a strong vessel in which material is pounded or rubbed with a pestle hamper to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of n. a large basket usually with a cover for packing, storing, or transporting articles (as food or laundry)
haphazard * adj. dependent upon or characterized by mere chance; marked by lack of plan, order, or direction; random haphazard : planning :: gauche : finesse haphazard <> systematic, methodical, orderly, planned gauche adj. lacking social experience or grace hapless * * adj. luckless; unfortunate hapless <> fortunate, lucky, fortuitous happy adj. notably fitting, effective, or well adapted : FELICITOUS happy <> infelicitous infelicitous adj. not appropriate in application or expression harangue n. a speech or writing in a noisy, excited, or declamatory manner harangue : mollify :: harangue <> speak temperately temperate adj. not extreme or excessive : MILD harass to irritate or torment persistently haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating(?) harass <> delight, soothe, gratify haunt to have a disquieting or harmful effect on : TROUBLE morass n. something that traps, confuses, or impedes harbinger n. one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify presage to give an omen or warning of : FORESHADOW
hardheaded adj. stubborn; willful
harebrained * * adj. foolish; flighty harebrained <> deliberate, sober, patient, grave, judicious, sensible, sapient sober adj. marked by temperance, moderation, or seriousness judicious adj. having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment : DISCREET sapient adj. possessing or expressing great sagacity harmonious * musically concordant; having the parts agreeably related : CONGRUOUS harmony : congruity :: clandestine : secrecy harmonious <> acrimonious, cacophonous harmony <> discord, contention acrimonious adj. bitter and sharp in language or tone; rancorous contend to strive or vie in contest or rivalry or against difficulties : STRUGGLE harness to put a harness on b. to fasten by the use of a harness to bring under control and direct the force of harness <> fail to utilize harp horn : blow :: harp : pluck harrow * to break up and level (soil or land) with a harrow; to inflict great distress or torment on harrow <> mollify, assuage, soothe harry * * to disturb or distress by or as if by repeated attacks; harass; to raid, as in war; sack or pillage harry : pacific :: harry <> comfort, mollify, untrouble, appease, leave undisturbed, assuage, relieve, soothe harried <> untroubled
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harsh adj. unpleasantly coarse and rough to the touch; disagreeable to the senses, especially to the sense of hearing barb : caustic :: pan : harsh harshen <> soften encomium <> harsh criticism mollycoddle <> treat harshly paean <> harshly lampoon harsh <> serene pan n. a harsh criticism encomium n. warm, glowing praise; a formal expression of praise; a tribute mollycoddle to indulge paean n. a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, or triumph lampoon to ridicule or satirize in or as if in a lampoon hasten * to move or act quickly hasten <> slow the progress of, check, retard hasty adj. done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise; rash; easily angered; irritable haste <> sluggishness, foot-dragging, dilatoriness hatch n. a. an opening, as in the deck of a ship, in the roof or floor of a building, or in an aircraft b. the cover for such an opening c. a hatchway door : room :: hatch : hold haughty adj. blatantly and disdainfully proud haughty <> humble, modest, self-effacing, unassuming, obliging haughtiness <> humility haunt * n. a place habitually frequented to reappear continually in haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating persecute : injure :: haunt : remember haunt <> shun, infrequency frequent <> avoid morass n. something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms persecute to harass in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or afflict shun to avoid deliberately; keep away from hauteur n. haughtiness in bearing and attitude; arrogance fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger hauteur <> humility, humbleness swagger to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously pompous manner haven n. a place of refuge or rest; a sanctuary haven : danger :: nirvana : suffering haven <> unsafe place, dangerous place nirvana n. a place or state of oblivion to care, pain, or external reality havoc * n. widespread destruction; devastation; disorder or chaos furor, havoc <> serenity furor n. an angry or maniacal fit : RAGE
serene n. clear and free of storms or unpleasant change haze n. a. atmospheric moisture, dust, smoke, and vapor that diminishes visibility b. a partially opaque covering headlong * adj. in an impetuous manner; rashly headlong : deliberation, forethought :: spontaneous: planning :: indigent: wealth :: barefaced: shame (without) headlong <> deliberate indigence n. a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking headstrong adj. determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and often recklessly willful headstrong : willfulness ::obfuscating : confusion headstrong :advice :: secretive : scrutiny (callous : sympathy ) headstrong <> tractable willful adj. obstinately bent on having one's own way hearken to listen attentively; give heed hearken <> ignore heart to encourage; hearten mollify : anger :: heart, hearten : dejection hearten to give strength, courage, or hope to; encourage enhearten = hearten hearten : dejected :: enhearten, hearten <> dampen, weaken dismay, daunt <> hearten heart-rending adj.causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep sympathy heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud :: earsplitting : loud (>) earsplitting adj. loud and shrill enough to hurt the ears heartsick heartsick <> blithe, spirited blithe adj. of a happy lighthearted character or disposition heated adj. marked by anger or passion heated <> temperate, tempered heckle to harass and try to disconcert with questions, challenges, or gibes : BADGER synonyms see BAIT (PP2 ) heckle <> assuage, mollify, pacify hectic adj. characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste; consumptive; feverish. hectic <> calm hedge to protect oneself from losing or failing by a counterbalancing action hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss
hedgerow n. a row of shrubs or trees enclosing or separating fields hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter hedonism * * n. pursuit of or devotion to pleasure, especially to the pleasures of the senses hedonist : pleasure :: recluse : privacy :: narcissist : self hedonistic <> ascetic hedonic, hedonist <> ascetic hedonism, indulgence <> ascetism ascetic adj. practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline heed * to give consideration or attention to : MIND n. ATTENTION, NOTICE ant. carelessness, disregard, heedlessness, inattention, indifference, neglect, negligence, thoughtlessness heed <> flout (demur, linger, insult ) (?) flout to treat with contemptuous disregard : SCORN linger to be slow to act : PROCRASTINATE hegemony n. the predominant influence of one state over others hegemony <> lack of authority heinous * adj. grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable heinous : laudable :: prosaic : extraordinary heinous <> admirable, commendable, laudable heirloom n. a valued possession passed down in a family through succeeding generations heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator testator n. one who has made a legally valid will before death helmet helmet : injury :: amulet : evil helter-skelter adj. in undue haste, confusion, or disorder helter-skelter <> moderate, orderly, steadfast, calm, steady, ordered, organized, systematic, methodical, prudent hem * n. a border of a cloth article doubled back and stitched down to hesitate in speech; to surround in a restrictive manner hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel hem <> speak directly, release, let go hemostatic adj. acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage herald to ANNOUNCE, PROCLAIM unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : announcement unherald <> proclaim herbicide n. WEED-KILLER insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide
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hereditary adj. of or relating to inheritance or heredity; INNATE hereditary <> acquired heresy * n. an opinion or a doctrine at variance with established religious beliefs, especially dissension from or denial of Roman Catholic dogma by a professed believer or baptized church member; adherence to such dissenting opinion or doctrine heresy : orthodoxy :: aberrant : typical heretic : nonconformity :: apologist : defend :: generous : liberality(authority : superiority ) apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy (B = A) apostasy n. renunciation of a religious faith recant to make a formal retraction or disavowal of heretic * * n. a person who holds controversial opinions, especially one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church ant. conformist, orthodox heretic : dissent :: connoisseur : excel (authentication : superior ) doctrine : heretical :: course : errant generous : liberality :: heretical : unconformity heresy <> dogma, orthodoxy heretic <> purist purist one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the use of words hermetic adj. relating to or characterized by occultism or abstruseness : RECONDITE hermetic <> easily comprehended hermitage * n. a secluded residence or private retreat : HIDEAWAY vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others herpetology n. : a branch of zoology dealing with reptiles and amphibians salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist heroic adj. of, relating to, or resembling heroes especially of antiquity; supremely noble or self-sacrificing ant. afraid, cowardly, fearful, meek, timid hesitance, hesitancy impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible : servile hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride irrepressible adj. difficult or impossible to hubris overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance alacrity, impetuosity dilatoriness, hesitance dilatory adj. intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay impetuosity hesitance, vacillation heterodox adj. not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in
church doctrine or dogma heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied (#) heterodox : convention :: (#) heterodox : orthodox :: heterodox <> conventional, orthodox heyday * n. the period of one's greatest strength, vigor, or prosperity heyday <> lowest point, nadir (pandemonium ) nadir n. the lowest point hiatus n. a break in or as if in a material object : GAP hiatus <> nexus
adj. characterized by or causing great merriment hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>) hillock n. a small hill hinder to obstruct or delay the progress of hinder <> further, facilitate, speed, succor further to help forward : PROMOTE succor to go to the aid of : RELIEVE hinge, n. a point or circumstance on which subsequent events depend
hidebound adj. stubbornly prejudiced, narrow-minded, or inflexible contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative :change, innovation, novelty hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure hidebound : flexibility :: carefree : responsibility hidebound <> flexible, liberal contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate
hint n. a slight indication or intimation nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion
hideous adj. repulsive, especially to the sight; revoltingly ugly; offensive to moral sensibilities pulchritude <> ugliness, hideousness affinity <>aversion, hideousness pulchritude n. great physical beauty and appeal
hitch to fasten or catch temporarily with or as if with a loop, hook, or noose; to connect or attach, as to a vehicle
hie to go quickly hie <> dawdle dawdle to move lackadaisically hierarch n. one who occupies a position of authority in a religious hierarchy hierarch <> egalitarian egalitarianism n. a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic rights and privileges hierarchy echelon : hierarchy :: hierarchical <> unranked echelon n. a group of individuals at a particular level or grade in an organization hieroglyph * n. a picture or symbol used in hieroglyphic writing decipher : hieroglyph :: break : code character : hieroglyph :: book : manual high-strung adj. having an extremely nervous or sensitive temperament high-strung <> easygoing, tranquil, laid-back hike to go on an extended walk for pleasure or exercise to rise, especially to rise upward out of place backset <> hike hilarious
hirsute * adj. covered with hair; hairy; botany. covered with stiff or coarse hairs hirsute <> hairless hiss to express disapproval of by hissing histrionic * adj. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar
hive n. a structure for housing bees, especially honeybees tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive tumultuous adj. tending or disposed to cause or incite a tumult bedlam n. a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion hoard * to gather or accumulate a hoard; to keep hidden or private. miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine :: shirk : malinger hoard : money :: garner : information lavish <> hoard hoard <> distribute, squander, dwindle, scatter, disperse dandy a man who affects extreme elegance in clothes preen to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP malinger to feign illness or other incapacity in order to avoid duty or work shirk to evade the performance of an obligation lavish adj. expending or bestowing profusely : PRODIGAL hoarse * adj. rough or grating in sound hoarse <> honeyed, mellifluent, mellifluous, smooth hoary adj. gray or white with or as if with age; so old as to inspire veneration; ancient hoary : old :: hilarious : funny :: saturated : wet (>)
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hoax n. an act intended to deceive or trick hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay hobble :to walk or move along haltingly or with difficulty; limp. hobble : halting :: slink : furtive hobble <> move fluidly, move quickly slink to go or move stealthily or furtively hodgepodge * n. a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation :: illuminator :instruction rabble n. a disorganized or confused collection of things illuminate to enlighten spiritually or intellectually hoist to raise or haul up with or as if with the help of a mechanical apparatus bolster : support :: tackle : hoist (A is a tool for B) hoist <> lower tackle n. an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling hollow * adj. lacking in real value, sincerity, or substance : FALSE, MEANINGLESS hollow <> substantial substantial adj. IMPORTANT, ESSENTIAL homage n. a special honor or respect shown or expressed publicly counsel : advice :: laud : homage homage <> disrespect homely adj. not attractive or good-looking pulchritude <> ugliness, hideousness, homeliness homily n. a sermon, especially one intended to edify a congregation on a practical matter and not intended to be a theological discourse parable : story :: homily : lecture homily : edifying :: parable n. a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson edify to instruct and improve especially in moral and religious knowledge homogeneous adj. of the same or a similar kind or nature miscellaneous : homogeneity :: homogenize : uniform :: putrefy : rotten homogeneous <> motley, differential, disparate stratify <> homogenize putrefy to make putrid motley adj. composed of diverse often incongruous elements stratify to divide or arrange into classes, castes, or social strata hone to sharpen on a fine-grained whetstone; to perfect or make more intense or effective hone <> blunt
honorarium n. a payment given to a professional person for services for which fees are not legally or traditionally required amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful hoodwink to take in by deceptive means; deceive hoodwink <> disabuse horn horn : blow :: harp : pluck hortative adj. marked by exhortation or strong urging didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir :: didactic : teach exculpate to clear of guilt or blame horticulture n. the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture hovel n. a small, miserable dwelling palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis hub n. the center part of a wheel, fan, or propeller spoke : hub :: radius : center hubris * * n. overbearing pride or presumption; arrogance parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride, selfconfidence (>>) hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride :: flattery : praise hubris <> humility, self-effacement, subservience, self-doubt, humbleness, self-abasement efface to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous subservience n. obsequious servility servile adj. meanly or cravenly submissive : ABJECT hue * n. a particular gradation of color; a shade or tint hue : beige :: metal : iron achromatic : hue :: extraneous : essence :: transitory : permanence achromatic adj. giving images practically free from extraneous colors extraneous adj. not forming an essential or vital part hulking adj. unwieldy or bulky; massive hulking <> ethereal, gossamer, lively hull * * n. the outer covering of a fruit or seed hull <> kernel kernel n. the inner softer part of a seed, fruit stone, or nut humane adj. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary (#) voluptuary a person whose life is given over to luxury and sensual pleasures; a sensualist humble
adj. marked by meekness or modesty in behavior, attitude, or spirit; not arrogant or prideful dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : dour humility : supplicant :: resistance : adversary humble <> fustian supercilious, bumptious <> humble dour adj. OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING bumptious adj. crudely or loudly assertive; pushy impetuous adj. marked by impulsive vehemence or passion fustian n. high-flown or affected writing or speech supercilious adj. feeling or showing haughty disdain bearing and attitude; arrogance humility n. the quality or condition of being humble humility <> hauteur, panache hauteur n. ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS panache n. dash or flamboyance in style and action humor to comply with the wishes or ideas of to adapt or accommodate oneself to chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle chide to scold mildly so as to correct or improve pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse hurl to throw with great force; fling; to send with great vigor; thrust scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval hurricane fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone husbandry * : careful management or conservation of resources; economy husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate husband <> squander husbandry <> prodigality, waste husbandry <> mismanagement, squandering procrastinate to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness squander to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate husk * * n. the outer membranous or green envelope of some fruits or seeds, as that of a walnut or an ear of corn; a shell or outer covering, especially when considered worthless seed, corn : husk :: orange : rind :: banana : peel :: peanut : shell husk <> core, vital part, kernel rind n. a usually hard or tough outer layer : PEEL, CRUST husky adj. BURLY, ROBUST; LARGE husky <> delicate hustle to jostle or shove roughly; to convey in a hurried or rough manner hustle <> stillness, tranquility
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iconoclast : challenge :: gadfly : annoy (c) hut n. an often small and temporary dwelling of simple construction : SHACK hybrid adj. something or mixed origin or composition b. something, such as a computer or power plant, having two kinds of components that produce the same or similar results hybrid <> of unmixed extraction, purebred purebred n. bred from members of a recognized breed, strain, or kind without admixture of other blood over many generations hydrogen n. 수소 hygiene n. cleanliness, sanitation hygienic ant. contaminated, dirty, diseased, filthy, foul, infected, unclean, impure, unsanitary, unsterile hygiene <> hymn n. a song of praise or thanksgiving to God or a deity; a song of praise or joy; a paean hymn : praise :: elegy : sorrow :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love (A show B) hymn <> execrate(swear, curse), deprecate hyperbole n. a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect exaggerating : hyperbole :: malicious : ill-will :: diligent : effort anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel hyperbolic <> tactful, tactful hyperbole <> understatement banter n. good-humored, playful conversation tact n. sensitive mental or aesthetic perception drivel n. nonsense hypnotic * adj. inducing or tending to induce sleep; soporific hypnotic, unwitting <> conscious hypnotic <> stimulant, bracing, rousing bracing adj. invigorating or refreshing; strengthening unwitting adj. not knowing : UNAWARE hypocrisy n. the false assumption of an appearance of virtue or religion authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical hypocritical <> ingenuous, honest hypothetical adj. relating to, or based on a hypothesis hypothetical <> proven
I ichthyology n. a branch of zoology that deals with fishes salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist iconoclast n. one who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or popular ideas or institutions iconoclast : attack :: philosopher : cogitate
idealize to give an ideal form or value to idealize : esteem :: :: idealize <> view reality, show realistically idealize <> blame, condemn, criticize, denounce, mar, worsen, spoil, degrade, dishonor, lower idiosyncrasy n. a structural or behavioral characteristic peculiar to an individual or a group idolater n. one who blindly or excessively admires or adores another reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) esteem : idolize :: favor : bribe (A << B, DEFECTIVE) idyll n. a lighthearted carefree episode that is a fit subject for an idyll idyll : carefree :: ordeal : difficult idyll <> experience fraught with tension idyllic <> urbane ignite to cause to burn b. to set fire to; to arouse the passions of combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape ignite <> douse, extinguish, quench douse to throw a liquid on : DRENCH quench to put out the light or fire of ignoble adj. not noble in quality, character, or purpose; base or mean ignoble <> eminent ignominy * * * n. great personal dishonor or humiliation ignominious <> honorable, lofty, eminent, respectable, admirable ignominy <> eminence, glory, esteem, respect, honor, honorable conduct eminent adj. standing out so as to be readily perceived or noted : CONSPICUOUS ignorant adj. lacking education or knowledge subtle : ignore :: salient : observe (=) erudite <> smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered ill-bred adj. badly brought up; impolite and crude ill-bred : impolite :: illegible adj. not legible : INDECIPHERABLE illicit adj. not permitted : UNLAWFUL illicit : permission :: abrupt : warning abrupt adj. characterized by or involving action or change without preparation or warning illiteracy n. the condition of being unable to read and write illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution inequity , injustice; unfairness erudition <> illiteracy erudition n. deep, extensive learning illuminati
n. persons who are or who claim to be unusually enlightened interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination :: apron : protect therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school illuminate : darkness :: educate : ignorance squall : commotion :: flash : illumination (A = brief B) obfuscate <> elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly stylus n. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or engraving squall n. a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow illusory adj. produced by, based on, or having the nature of an illusion; deceptive maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy (=) illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment :: cunning : truth maelstrom n. a violent or turbulent situation gaffe n. a clumsy social error; a blatant mistake or misjudgment illustrate to clarify, as by use of examples or comparisons heal : ailing :: illustrate : complex illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details particularize to mention, describe, or treat individually imbibe to drink; to absorb or take in as if by drinking thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest imbroglio n. a difficult or intricate situation; an entanglement imbroglio <> harmony imbue * *, , . to inspire, permeate, or invade; work imbued with the revolutionary spirit imbue <> drain, dehydrate imbued <> unaffected imitate to use or follow as a model exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: venerable : reverence paragon, paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard immaculate adj. impeccably clean; spotless squalid <> immaculate squalid adj. DIRTY, FILTHY; WRETCHED immanent adj. existing or remaining within; inherent immanent <> explicit, extrinsic immaterial * adj.. of no importance or relevance; inconsequential or irrelevant immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness immaterial : touch :: infinite : exhaust immaterial <> corporeal, consequential, pertinent, relevant, significant corporeal adj. not immaterial or intangible : SUBSTANTIAL
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pertinent adj. having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand immature adj. not fully grown or developed immature : developed :: incipient : realized immeasurable * adj. incapable of being measured; broadly : indefinitely extensive immediate adj. near to or related to the present; directly touching or concerning a person or thing immemorial adj. extending or existing since beyond the reach of memory, record, or tradition immemorial <> recent immerse * to cover completely in a liquid; submerge; to engage wholly or deeply; absorb immerse <> dehydrate, dry immerse <> distract, draw away, withdraw imminent * adj. about to occur; impending imminence : forthcoming :: imminent <> distant, far in the future forthcoming; about to appear or take place; approaching immoderate adj. exceeding just, usual, or suitable bounds; excessive immortal adj. exempt from death; exempt from oblivion : IMPERISHABLE immortal : perish :: inconspicuous, unobtrusive : perceive unobtrusive adj. not readily noticeable; inconspicuous immortalize <> ignore, degrade, dishonor immune adj. not subject to an obligation imposed on others; exempt; not affected by a given influence; unresponsive fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded immune <> having no resistance, susceptible immunity <> susceptibility immure to enclose within or as if within walls; imprison immure <>release, liberate immutable * adj. not capable of or susceptible to change evanescent : endure :: immutable : change immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated transitory : endure :: immutable : change immutable <> variable, vicissitudinous, labile, instable, inconstant implacable adj. impossible to placate or appease propitiate to conciliate; appease vicissitude n. the quality or state of being changeable : MUTABILITY labile adj. readily open to change imp n. a mischievous child insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp
impacted adj. deeply entrenched : not easily changed or removed impair * * to cause do diminish, as in strength, value, or quality impair <>invigorate impair <> revise revise to make a new, amended, improved, or upto-date version of impalpable adj. not perceptible to the touch; intangible; difficult to perceive or grasp by the mind impalpable <> clear impartial * adj. not partial or biased : treating or affecting all equally impassionate adj. not aroused to anger ;not affected by, or expressing intense feeling impassive * adj. revealing no emotion; expressionless impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy ::avaricious: satisfy callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity impassive <> emotional, excitable, fervid, perfervid, overwrought voracious adj. excessively eager : INSATIABLE avaricious adj. greedy of gain : excessively acquisitive especially in seeking to hoard riches callous adj. feeling no emotion dupe n. one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL fervid adj. very hot : BURNING perfervid adj. marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion : excessively fervent overwrought adj. extremely excited : AGITATED impeachable * * * * * impeach to charge with a crime or misdemeanor; specifically to charge (a public official) before a competent tribunal with misconduct in office; to cast doubt on; especially to challenge the credibility or validity of impeachable : blame :: impeachable : denunciation :: invariant : prediction impeachable <>blameless, inculpable unimpeachable <> open to question impeccable adj. having no flaws; perfect blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse :: impeccability : flaw impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir restive : calmness :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ impeccable : faulted :: (#) impeccable <> faulty, blemished, defective, flawed, tarnished blemish to mar or impair by a flaw ingenuous adj. NOBLE, HONORABLE rectitude n. moral integrity : RIGHTEOUSNESS transgress to go beyond limits set or prescribed by : VIOLATE indolent adj. disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy sterile adj. failing to bear or incapable of producing fruit or spores
tarnish to bring disgrace on : SULLY impecunious * adj. lacking money; penniless foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money pelf : impecunious :: experience : green impecunious <> wealthy, prosperous, affluent, lavish pelf n. wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired impede * to retard or obstruct the progress of blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten impede : encumbrance :: divert : distraction impede <> abet abet <> thwart, impede impede <> facilitate, promote, foment, nurture, assist, cultivate, aid, cheer, expedite, abet speed <>impede, hinder encumber <> remove impediment cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery encumbrance n. something that encumbers : IMPEDIMENT foment to promote the growth or development of : ROUSE expedite to accelerate the process or progress of : speed up impel * * to urge to action through moral pressure; drive; to drive forward; propel impel <> restrain, curb, rein rein to control or direct with or as if with reins impend to hover threateningly : MENACE; to be about to occur impending <> remote remote adj. acting, acted on, or controlled indirectly or from a distance
impenetrate impenetrate : permeable :: impenetrable adj. impossible to penetrate or enter; impossible to understand; incomprehensible pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable :: change : immutable juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable porous <> impenetrable profane adj. not concerned with religion or religious purposes : SECULAR inviolable adj. secure from violation or profanation juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path enigma n. something hard to understand or explain porous adj. permeable to fluids; permeable to outside influences; capable of being penetrated impenitent adj. not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (#) impenitent : remorse :: impenitent <> rueful, contrite, remorseful obdurate adj. stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing b : hardened in feelings remorse n. a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH
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rueful adj. exciting pity or sympathy : PITIABLE contrite adj. feeling regret and sorrow for one's sins or offenses; penitent imperative adj. expressing a command or plea; peremptory; having the power or authority to command or control question : interrogative :: order : imperative (A=B) imperative <> obedient interrogative adj. asking a question or being of the nature of a question imperceptible adj. impossible or difficult to perceive by the mind or senses; so subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible imperceptible : detection :: recondite : fathom imperceptible : hidden :: appreciable <> imperceptible recondite adj. difficult or impossible for one of ordinary understanding or knowledge to comprehend imperial adj. of, relating to, or suggestive of an empire or a sovereign, especially an emperor or empress imperial <> obedient imperious * * * adj. arrogantly domineering or overbearing imperious : submit :: implacable : compromise fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy (#) imperious : fawn, grovel :: swagger : self depreciate (#) imperious : servile, fawning :: rash : circumspective :: bellicose :peaceable (#) imperious : diffident :: (#) imperious <> humble, obeisant, servile, obsequious, deferential, flattering, subservient, meek, unassuming imperiousness<> flattery imperious adj. intensely compelling : URGENT imperious : hesitate :: (A can’t B) grovel to creep with the face to the ground : CRAWL swagger n. arrogant or conceitedly self-assured behavior rash adj. marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution bellicose adj. favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars obeisance n. DEFERENCE, HOMAGE impermeable * adj. not permitting passage (as of a fluid) through its substance; IMPERVIOUS impertinent adj. exceeding the limits of propriety or good manners; improperly forward or bold; not pertinent; irrelevant impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness (#) perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety impertinence <> respect, relevance, obeisance imperturbable * * adj. marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness imperturbable : nettle :: intractable : lead :: adamant : move restive, ticklish <> calm, imperturbable imperturbability <> volatility, testiness restive adj. marked by impatience : FIDGETY
ticklish adj. TOUCHY, OVERSENSITIVE testy adj. easily annoyed : IRRITABLE impervious * adj. incapable of being penetrated; incapable of being affected impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued :: indefensible :excused impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid :: precarious : stable :: irrevocable : repeal :: implacable : appease impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused :: precarious : stable impervious : damage :: unassailable : refute indomitable <> incapable of being overcome, subdued, or vanquished impervious <> easy to penetrate impervious <> of light translucent friable adj. readily crumbled ; brittle precarious adj. dependent on uncertain premises revocable adj. capable of being revoked repeal to rescind or annul by authoritative act implacable adj. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated subdued adj. lacking in vitality, intensity, or strength unassailable adj. not liable to doubt, attack, or question impetuous adj. characterized by sudden and forceful energy or emotion; impulsive and passionate impetuous : vacillation, hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance :: irrepressible : servility restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience impetuosity <> hesitance, vacillation impetuous <> prudent, deliberate bumptious adj. crudely or loudly assertive profligate adj. wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL restive adj. stubbornly resisting control : BALKY impious adj. lacking reverence; not pious; lacking due respect or dutifulness impiety n. IRREVERENCE impiety <> devoutness implacable adj. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated :: inalienable : surrendered implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle implacable : appease :: indomitable : subdue : impervious : penetrate propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease implant to fix or set securely or deeply implausible adj. difficult to believe; not plausible implausible <> believable implement to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by concrete measures implement <> foil foil to prevent from attaining an end : DEFEAT
implicate to involve or connect intimately or incriminatingly to have as a consequence or an inference; imply implicated <> palpable palpable adj. easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE
implicit adj. implied or understood though not directly expresed implicit <> overt, manifest overt adj. open to view : MANIFEST implode to collapse inward violently as if from external pressure collapse : implode :: divide : sunder :: steep : immerse implosion <> rapid outward movement sunder to break or wrench apart imply to involve by logical necessity; entail; to express or indicate indirectly imply <> affirm, assert, declare, express, state affirm to assert (as a judgment or decree) as valid or confirmed impolitic * adj. not politic : RASH impolitic <> shrewdly tactful importune * * to beset with insistent or repeated requests; entreat pressingly; to annoy; vex accost : approach :: importune : quest (>) imposing adj. impressive, as by virtue of size, bearing, or power imposing <> modest impostor n. one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned impotent adj. lacking physical strength or vigor; weak clout <> impotence impracticable adj. not practicable : incapable of being performed or accomplished by the means employed or at command imprecise adj. not precise nice <> imprecise impregnable adj. impossible to capture or enter by force; difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute with success impregnable <> unjustifiable impresario n. one who sponsors or produces entertainment, especially the director of an opera company impresario : entertainment :: broker : trade impressionable
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adj. readily or easily influenced; suggestible; capable of receiving an impression; plastic impressionable : influence :: (A is easily to B) improbity adj. lack of probity; dishonesty improbity <> honesty impromptu * something, such as a speech, that is made or done extemporaneously ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement :: honesty : duplicity (#) impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberation :: honesty : duplicity impromptu <> carefully rehearsed, planned aside n. a straying from the theme : DIGRESSION imprudent * * adj. unwise or indiscreet; not prudent imprudent <> circumspect judicious <> imprudent judicious adj. having or exhibiting sound judgment improvident adj. not foreseeing and providing for the future; thriftless; rash; incautious improvident <> prudent improvise to invent, compose, or recite without preparation to make or provide from available materials score : improvise :: text : extemporize rite <> improvised act impudent adj. characterized by offensive boldness; insolent or impertinent impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness impudent <> deferential, respectful, obeisant, reverent, deferent, judicious, courteous brazen adj. marked by flagrant and insolent audacity deadpan adj. marked by an impassive matter-offact manner, style, or expression recalcitrant adj. obstinately defiant of authority deference n. respect and esteem due a superior or an elder obeisance n. DEFERENCE, HOMAGE impugn * to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument extol <> condemn, impugn, detract impugn <> approve, support, champion, endorse, vindicate, extol, uphold, compliment, laud champion to fight for, defend, or support as a champion vindicate to protect from attack or encroachment : DEFEND compliment to present with a token of esteem laud to PRAISE, EXTOL impuissance n. lack of power or effectiveness; weakness clout <> impuissance impulsive adj. inclined to act on impulse rather than thought impunity n. exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm
to charge with the fault or responsibility for; to attribute; credit inadvertent adj. not duly attentive; marked by unintentional lack of care inadvertent <> intentional advertent <> inattentive inadvertence <> careful attention inalienable * * * adj. that cannot be transferred to another or others inalienable : transfer :: ungovernable : manage inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated :: immitigable : alleviated inalienable <> separable, transferable implacable adj. impossible to placate or appease propitiate to gain or regain the favor or goodwill of : APPEASE, CONCILIATE inane * adj. lacking sense or substance; empty; meaningless inane : sagacity :: inane <> substantial, expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty, substantiated, intelligent inane <> sagacious pregnant adj. rich in significance or implication : MEANINGFUL, PROFOUND inanimate adj. not having the qualities associated with active, living organism; not animate; not animated or energetic; dull ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living (#) inanimate : consciousness :: anemic : strength anemic adj. lacking force, vitality, or spirit inappreciable adj. too small to be noticed or make a significant difference; negligible inappreciable <> ponderable inapt adj. inappropriate; inept inapt : clumsy :: inattentive adj. not attentive inaugurate to induct into office by a formal ceremony; to cause to begin, especially officially or formally inaugurate : official :: inaugurate : president :: install : official :: crown : king inauguration : official :: matriculation : student cease <> inaugurate, commencement install to induct into an office, a rank, or a position matriculate to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or university inauspicious * adj. not favorable; not auspicious inauspicious <> favorable, propitious propitious adj. being of good omen : AUSPICIOUS incandescent adj. shining brilliantly; very bright incandescent <> dull incantation * *
impute
n. ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a magic effect (주술) incantation : utterance :: talisman : object talisman n. an object marked with magic signs and believed to confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection. incapacity n. inadequate strength or ability; lack of capacity incarcerate to put into jail; to shut in; confirm incarcerate <> liberate, enfranchise incarnate adj. embodied in human form; personified incorporeal <> incarnate incorporeal adj. lacking material form or substance incendiary adj. tending to excite or inflame; inflammatory insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate incendiary <> calming, moderating insurgent adj. rising in opposition to civil authority or established leadership : REBELLIOUS incense to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of; infuriate incense : anger :: propitiate <> incense incentive n. something, such as the fear of punishment or the expectation of reward, that induces action or motivates effort incentive <> deterrent inception n. the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement inception : undertaking :: inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation inception <> end, conclusion, finale, termination matriculate to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a college or university incessant adj. continuing without interruption incessant <> interrupted inch to move or cause to move slowly or by small degrees inch : move :: drawl : speak : nibble : eat accrete : growth :: inch : advance drawl to speak with lengthened or drawn-out vowels accrete to make larger or greater, as by increased growth inchoate adj. in an initial or early stage; imperfectly formed or developed immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized (#) incipient , beginning to exist or appear inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize inchoate <> fully formed, organized, explicit, enduring, fully realized, organized incinerate to cause to burn to ashes
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singe : incineration :: erode : destruction incipient * adj. beginning to come into being or to become apparent immature : developed :: incipient, inchoate : realized incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible (#) incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved :: irregular : classified incipient : commencement :: incipient <> full-blown, full-realized, plentiful, fullfledged incisive adj. impressively direct and decisive incite to provoke and urge on instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite incite <>pacify incitant <> insensible browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech exhortation n. language intended to incite and encourage persiflage n. frivolous bantering talk : light raillery inclement adj. stormy; showing no clemency; unmerciful draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation (=) inclement <> balmy, mild draconian adj. cruel, severe fret to cause to suffer emotional strain : VEX balmy adj. having the qualities of balm : SOOTHING incogitant adj. thoughtless, inconsiderate incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm (#) restive adj. marked by impatience : FIDGETY incognizant adj. lacking awareness or consciousness incoherent adj. lacking orderly continuity, arrangement, or relevance : INCONSISTENT; acking clarity or intelligibility incombustible adj. not combustible : incapable of being burned incomprehensible incomprehensible <> intelligible inconclusive [ink.nklu:siv] a. adj. leading to no conclusion or definite result inconclusive <> decisive incongruent adj. not congruent; incongruous incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (#) incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap (#) incongruent <> corresponding incongruence, disagreement, dis, conflict <> correspond correspond to be in conformity or agreement inconsequential adj. lacking importance; not following from premises or evidence; illogical inconsequential : illogical :: apocalyptic : prophetic (=) crucial<> inconsequential
inconsiderable adj. not considerable : TRIVIAL inconsonant adj. lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility; discordant inconsonance : concord :: scatter : overlap inconsonant <> in agreement inconspicuous adj. not readily noticeable inconstant adj. likely to change frequently without apparent or cogent reason incontestable * adj. indisputable; UNQUESTIONABLE incontestable <> uncertain, questionable, unreliable, dubious (unfair ) incontrovertible * * adj.impossible to dispute; unquestionable incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended incontrovertible : disputed :: matchless : equaled incontrovertible : refute :: negligible : perceive incontrovertible, irrefutable <> deniable, disputed, questionable, dubious controvert <> substantiate controvert to raise arguments against substantiate to support with proof or evidence; verify untenable adj. not able to be defended optimal adj. most desirable or satisfactory negligible adj. so small or unimportant or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no attention : TRIFLING incorporeal * adj. lacking material form or substance incorporeal <> incarnate incorporeal : substance :: incarnate adj. invested with bodily and especially human nature and form; made manifest incorrigible * * * adj. incapable of being corrected or reformed; firmly rooted; ineradicable; difficult or impossible to control or manage incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood :: adamant : moved incorrigible : amend :: ineradicable, irradicable : remove :: ineluctable : avoid :: intractable : lead tractable, manageable <> incorrigible inscrutable adj. difficult to fathom or understand irradicable adj. impossible to eradicate : DEEPROOTED tractable adj. easily handled, managed, or wrought incredible adj. too extraordinary and improbable to be believed incriminate to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act; to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate incrimination <> exoneration exonerate to free from blame; to free from a responsibility, obligation, or task incubator incubator : infant :: greenhouse : plant inculcate
to impress (something) upon the mind of another by frequent instruction or repetition; instill hammering : inculcate :: hammer to force upon by constant repetition inculpate to incriminate absolve, exculpate, exonerate <> inculpate exculpate to clear of guilt or blame incursion n. an aggressive entrance into foreign territory; a raid or an invasion; the act of entering another's territory or domain incursion <> retreat indecipherable adj. incapable of being deciphered indecorous adj. lacking propriety or good taste indecorous <> proper indefatigable * * adj.incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued; tireless indefatigable : tired :: incorrigible : reformed indefatigable <> soon tired, tired, lethargic, lazy, fragile, worn out indefeasible adj. not capable of being annulled or voided or undone indefensible adj. inexcusable; unpardonable; invalid; untenable impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused indelible adj.UNFORGETTABLE, MEMORABLE indelible : forget :: astounding : expect indelibility : erasure :: impermeability : passage indelible <> erasable indelicate [ adj. offensive to established standards or propriety; improper indemnity n. security against damage, loss, or injury; compensation for damage, loss, or injury suffered mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure indemonstrable adj. incapable of being demonstrated : not subject to proof independent adj.not governed by a foreign power; selfgoverning; free from the influence, guidance, or control of another or others; self-reliant; not determined or influenced by someone or something else; not contingent independent <> inclined indict to accuse of wrongdoing; charge indict : accuse :: sanction : approve (A=B) (extol : countenance ) absolve <> indict indifferent adj. APATHETIC embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference
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fervor, zealot, avid, enraptured <> indifferent enrapture to fill with rapture or delight indigenous adj. originating and growing or living in an area or environment; intrinsic; innate nonnative, exotic, foreign, acquired <> indigenous indigent adj. experiencing want or need; impoverished; totally lacking in something specified indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability (#) employ : indigence :: submerge : buoyancy indigent <> affluent, wealthy indigence wealth indigestible adj. difficult or impossible to digest indignant adj. irate, outraged, enraged, irritable, irascible, peevish, petulant, cranky, cross indignant <> happy indiscriminate adj. not making or based on careful distinctions; unselective indispensable adj. not to be dispensed with; essential; obligatory; unavoidable indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability indispensable <> trivial indivisible adj. incapable of undergoing division indivisible <> easily fragmented, fracturable indoctrinate to instruct in a body of doctrine or principle; to initiate by means of doctrinal instruction stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating (DEFECTIVE) indolent adj. disinclined to exert oneself; habitually lazy b. conducive to inactivity or laziness; lethargic rectitude : transgress :: impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard indolent <> industrious shirk to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) indomitable adj. incapable of being subdued : UNCONQUERABLE indubitable adj. too apparent to be doubted; unquestionable indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway (#) indubitable <> doubtful inducement n. something that helps bring about an action or a desired result; an incentive inducement <> deterrence deter to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt induct to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a position; install induct <> discharge indulge
to yield to the desires and whims of, especially to an excessive degree; humor embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle (=) lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (?) indulge : ascetic :: restrain : libertine abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate (#) indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper (#) glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial spartan <> sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious draconian <> indulgent, mild martinet <> indulgent person indulgent <> ascetic mortify to subject to severe and vexing embarrassment : SHAME mollycoddle to surround with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention lassitude n. state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness appetite n. the desire to eat draconian adj. exceedingly harsh; very severe martinet n. person who stresses a rigid adherence to the details of forms and methods spartan adj. marked by simplicity, frugality, or avoidance of luxury sybarite n. VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST indurate to make hard; harden; to inure, as to hardship or ridicule; to make callous or obdurate indurate <> soften industrious adj. assiduous in work or study; diligent industriousness : activity :: fastidiousness : selectivity inebriant adj. serving to intoxicate inedible adj. unfit to be eaten; not edible edible : eat :: portable : drink :: admissible : allow inedible : food :: ineffable * adj. incapable of being expressed in words; indescribable or unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo ineffable : description :: ineradicable, irradicable : obliteration :: incorrigible : amend :: indefeasible : annul ineffable : inexpressive :: ineffable : express, depict :: ineradicable : remove irradicable adj. impossible to uproot or destroy indefeasible adj. not capable of being annulled or voided or undone ineluctable * * adj. not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable ineluctable : avoid :: impervious : penetrate :: irrevocable : repeal :: insufferable : tolerate :: incorrigible : amend : intractable : govern ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance ineluctable <> avoided, escaped untenable adj. not able to be defended serendipity n. the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident inept adj. not apt or fitting; inappropriate competence, adroitness : inept :: difficult : simplicity (#)
inept <> deft, adroit, skilled, proficient, masterful, judicious, adept finesse <> ineptitude ineptness <> adroitness proficient adj. having or marked by an advanced degree of competence judicious adj. having, exercising, or characterized by sound judgment : DISCREET inequity n. injustice; unfairness inequity : fair :: inequity <> disinterestedness, rectitude rectitude adj. (righteousness, integrity), disinterested ; inerrancy n. freedom from error or untruths; infallibility inerrancy <> fallibility inert * adj. unable to move or act; sluggish in action or motion; lethargic ephemeral : endure :: inert : react (LACK) inert <> active, actively moving, dynamic, fast moving, move quickly reactant n. a substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction inertia n. the tendency of a body to resist acceleration; resistance or disinclination to motion, action, or change persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react inertia <> activity, tendency to change motion inestimable adj. too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated inevitable adj. impossible to avoid or prevent; invariably occurring or appearing; predictable ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend :: inevitable : chance :: absolute : variability (#) inevitable : prevent :: ineluctable not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable inexorable * * * adj. not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty; relentless inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : subdue inexorable <> relenting, pliant, yielding, acquiescing, flexible relent to become more lenient, compassionate, or forgiving inexpungible * * adj. incapable of being obliterated infamy n. evil fame or reputation infamy <> good repute infatuate to inspire with unreasoning love or attachment; to cause to behave foolishly sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation odium<> infatuation odious arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure infecund
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fecund adj. fruitful in offspring or vegetation : PROLIFIC
informal adj. characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary, casual, or familiar use
infelicitous adj.inappropriate; ill-chosen; not happy; unfortunate happy <> infelicitous
influx n. a mass arrival or incoming exodus <> influx
infelicity n. something inappropriate or unpleasing infelicity <> appropriateness
infraction n. the act of infringing : VIOLATION infraction <. obedience, observance
infer to conclude from evidence or premises; to reason from circumstance; surmise tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher intimate : communicate :: allude : infer
infrangible adj. not capable of being broken or separated into parts; not to be infringed or violated
inferno n. a place or condition suggestive of hell, especially with respect to human suffering or death fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane infiltrate to enter or take up positions in gradually or surreptitiously, as for purposes of espionage or takeover infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan :: insinuate : say :: stalk : follow :: plot : plan :: purloin : take infinite adj. having no boundaries or limits; immeasurably great or large; boundless infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap unique : precedent :: infinite : end infinite : large :: interminable : long, lengthy (>) infinity <> bounded space interminable adj. tiresomely long, endless infinitesimal adj. immeasurably or incalculably small infinitesimal : small :: momentous : important infirm adj. weak of mind, will, or character : IRRESOLUTE, VACILLATING infirmity : treatment :: conservatory : instruction (observatory : discovery ) infirm <> hale, vigorous, stalwart, robust conservatory infirmary n. a place where the infirm or sick are lodged for care and treatment infirmary : treatment :: conservatory : instruction conservatory n. a school specializing in one of the fine arts inflame to arouse to passionate feeling or action inflame <> assuage, subdue subdue to reduce the intensity or degree of : tone down inflate to fill (something) with air or gas so as to make it swell; to enlarge or amplify unduly or improperly; aggrandize inflate : volume :: proliferate : number inflate <> minimize proliferate to increase in number as if by proliferating inflexible adj. rigidly firm in will or purpose : UNYIELDING
infuriate infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity infuriate <> soothe, please nonplus to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder perplexity infuse to put into or introduce as if by pouring; to fill or cause to be filled with something inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove infuse <> drain away, refuse, extract, draw out ingenious * adj. . marked by inventive skill and imagination; having or arising from an inventive or cunning mind; clever ingenious<> awkward, prosaic, lack of inventiveness ingenuity <> prosaism prosaic adj. EVERYDAY, ORDINARY ingenuous * adj. lacking in sophistication or worldliness; artless ingenuous : guile :: impeccable : flaw :: delicate : offense ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub fabricate : ingenuous :: discompose : placid ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness dissemble to disguise or conceal behind a false appearance raffish adj. marked by a careless unconventionality : RAKISH tawdry adj. gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance rakish adj. dashingly or sportingly stylish; jaunty preen to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP snub to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight discompose to destroy the composure of ingratiating adj. capable of winning favor : PLEASING pernicious adj. highly injurious or destructive : DEADLY ingénue n. an artless, innocent girl or young woman ingenuous <> deceptive, devious, artful ingenuous, honest <> hypocritical, cunning, sly, calculating, worldly disingenuousness <> guilelessness, candor ingest to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption ingest <> expel ingrained * adj. firmly established; deep-seated
ingrained <> easily to change, extrinsic, superficial extrinsic adj. originating from or on the outside ingrate n. an ungrateful person ingrate <>thankful person ingratiate to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces of another, especially by deliberate effort flatter : ingratiate :: smother : choke ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous, fraudulent : deceive smother to be overcome or killed through or as if through lack of air inherent adj. existing as an essential constituent or characteristic; intrinsic inherent <> extrinsic inhibit * to prohibit from doing something; to hold in check : RESTRAIN inhibit <> further, provide inhibitor <> catalyst further to help forward : PROMOTE inimical adj. injurious or harmful in effect; adverse; unfriendly; hostile inimical <> friendly, amiable, amicable, amenable amenable adj. responsive to advice, authority, or suggestion; tractable inimitable adj. defying imitation; matchless indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy inimitable commonplace, ordinary iniquity n. gross immorality or injustice; wickedness; a grossly immoral act; a sin iniquity <> rectitude, justice, saintliness, disinterestedness rectitude n. moral integrity : RIGHTEOUSNESS initial adj. of, relating to, or occurring at the beginning; first eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated initial : realized :: irregular : classified :: tangible : indefinite :: tenable : initial <> following doyen n. a man who is the eldest or senior member of a group initiate to set doing by taking the first step; begin;to introduce to a new field, interest, skill, or activity catalyst : initiate :: supervisor : oversight eccentric : conventional :: doyen : initiated (#) initiate <> follow up inveterate <> uninitiated initiative n. energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action : ENTERPRISE initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter injurious * adj. inflicting or tending to inflict injury : DETRIMENTAL; ABUSIVE, DEFAMATORY inkling
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n. a slight hint or indication; a slight understanding or vague idea or notion inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity inkling : indication :: lapse : error lapse n. a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention innate adj. belonging to the essential nature of something : INHERENT innocent adj. free from guilt or sin especially through lack of knowledge of evil : BLAMELESS innocent <> culpable, guilty innocuous * * adj. having no adverse effect; harmless; not likely to offend or provoke to strong emotion; insipid placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous :: venom : toxic wholesome, sanitary, innocuous <> noxious, injurious innocuous <> objectionable salve n. a remedial or soothing influence or agency unctuous adj. smooth and greasy in texture or appearance venom n. material that is poisonous sanitary adj. characterized by or readily kept in cleanliness innovation n.the act of introducing something new; something newly introduced contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious; insubordinate hidebound adj. having an inflexible or ultraconservative character innuendo n. an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression; an insinuation innuendo : suspicion :: inquiry n. the act of inquiring; a close examination of a matter in a search for information or truth confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory interrogatory asking a question; of the nature of a question inquisitive adj. unduly curious and inquiring; inclined t investigate; eager for knowledge inquisitive : curious :: painful : agonizing (>) insalubrious adj. not promoting health; unwholesome insalubrious <> wholesome insalvageable salvage to rescue or save especially from wreckage or ruin insatiable * * adj. impossible to satiate or satisfy insatiable : satisfy :: ineluctable : avoid insatiable : sate :: unsalvageable : repair :: unexceptionable : oppose insatiable : slake :: inevitable : avoid insatiable <> slakable slake to lessen the force of : MODERATE
sate to appease (as a thirst) by indulging to the full inscrutable adj. not readily investigated, interpreted, or understood : MYSTERIOUS insensate adj. lacking sensation or awareness; inanimate; unconscious; lacking sense or the power to reason insensate <> conscious insect insect : aphid :: tree : maple aphid n. any of numerous very small sluggish homopterous insects (superfamily Aphidoidea) that suck the juices of plants insensitive adj. not physically sensitive; numb; lacking in sensitivity to the feelings or circumstances of others; unfeeling b. lacking in responsiveness insensitive <> tender insentient * adj. lacking perception, consciousness, or animation insentient <> perceiving, conscious, animated, lively, stirring (volatile ) volatile adj. LIGHTHEARTED, LIVELY b : easily aroused insert insert <> remove, tear insidious adj.working or spreading harmfully in a subtle or stealthy manner; intended to entrap; treacherous; beguiling but harmful; alluring insight n. the capacity to discern the true nature of a situation; penetration insight : discern :: mettle : endure insight : discerning :: deadpan : impassive insightful <> obtuse mettle n. vigor and strength of spirit or temperament insinuate to introduce or otherwise convey (a thought, for example) gradually and insidiously; to introduce or insert (oneself) by subtle and artful means insipid adj. lacking flavor or zest; not tasty; lacking excitement, stimulation, or interest; dull insipid : invention :: prosaic : imagination insipid <> exciting, fascinating, piquant insolent adj. presumptuous and insulting in manner or speech; arrogant; audaciously rude or disrespectful perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration (LACK) insolent <> polite, courteous, respectful, elegant perfunctory adj. lacking in interest or enthusiasm insouciant * * adj. marked by lighthearted unconcern : NONCHALANT insouciant : worry :: tenacious, pertinacious : yield insouciant, nonchalant : concern :: tenacious : yield :: magnanimous : begrudge (A is not to B)
insouciant <> distressed, worried, anxious, troubled tenacious adj. persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious nonchalant adj. having an air of easy unconcern or indifference magnanimous adj. showing or suggesting nobility of feeling and generosity of mind begrudge to give or concede reluctantly or with displeasure; to look upon with disapproval inspired adj. outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree suggestive of divine inspiration pedestrian <> inspired pedestrian adj. undistinguished; ordinary instable adj. UNSTABLE install to set in position and connect or adjust for use install <> remove instate to establish in office; install instate <> oust oust to eject from a position or place; force out instigate to urge on; goad; to stir up; foment instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat quell <> foment, instigate, rouse browbeat to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner or domineering speech; bully instill * to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant; to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop instill <> drain away,out, remove, press down instinct n. an inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli; a powerful motivation or impulse instinct <> learned response instinctive <> deliberate institute to establish, organize, and set in operation b. to initiate; begin rescind, abrogate, efface <> institute rescind to make void; repeal or annul abrogate to abolish, do away with, or annul by authority instrumentalist * instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet insubordinate adj. not submissive to authority insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented :: capricious : deliberate tractable <> insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate insubordinate <> tractable disaffected resentful and rebellious, especially against authority insubstantial
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adj. lacking substance or reality; not firm or solid; flimsy insubstantial <> extensive, firm, objective, pithy, significant, sound, sturdy extensive adj. having wide or considerable extent
taint <> integrity, wholesomeness integrity <> incompleteness ecumenical adj. of worldwide scope or applicability; universal
insufferable adj. difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable insufferable : tolerate :: insufferable <> tolerable
intelligible adj. capable of being understood correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible
insular adj. of, relating to, or constituting an island; suggestive of the isolated life of an island; narrow or provincial insular <> ecumenical, cosmopolitan insularity <> refinement insularity <> cosmopolitanism ecumenical adj. worldwide or general in extent, influence, or application insulate to cause to be in a detached or isolated position; insulate <> expose insurgent adj. rising in revolt against civil authority or a government in power; rebellious parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate parsimony n. the quality of being careful with money incendiary n. a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR insusceptible adj. not IMPRESSIONABLE, RESPONSIVE insusceptible <> responsive, susceptible intact adj. remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in any way riven <> intact intangible adj. incapable of being perceived by the senses; incapable of being realized or defined impracticable : effected :: intangible : known :: indemonstrable : proven tangible <> unable to perceive intangible <> readily perceived, corporeal, palpable corporeal adj. not immaterial or intangible : SUBSTANTIAL palpable adj. easily perceptible : NOTICEABLE integral * adj. essential or necessary for completeness; possessing everything essential; entire integral <> superfluous, redundant, tangential, peripheral, unnecessary tangential adj. DIVERGENT, DIGRESSIVE integrate to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify disintegrated : cohesive :: (#) integrate <> fragment, separate, taint disintegrate <> amalgamate disintegration <> amalgamation integrity n. the quality or condition of being whole or undivided; completeness ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity :: genuine : authenticity
intemperate adj. not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in the use of alcoholic beverages intemperate : restraint :: lethargy : energy intemperate <> constrained, equable equable adj. marked by lack of noticeable, unpleasant, or extreme variation or inequality intensify to make intense or more intense to increase the contrast of (a photographic image) expand : extent :: intensify : degree moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness abate : intensity :: taper : width alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax abate, assuage, attenuate <> intensify, promote intentionality intentional adj. done by intention or design : INTENDED inter to place in a grave or tomb; bury inter : burial :: obliterate : removal :: install : inauguration intercede to plead on another's behalf; to act as mediator in a dispute intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction :: translator : interpret interdict to prohibit or place under an ecclesiastical or legal sanction; to forbid or debar, especially authoritatively interdict <>authorize interim adj. belonging to, serving during, or taking place during an intermediate interval of time; temporary respite : labor :: interim : concert interim <> continuous, permanent, certain, definite, continuing respite n. an interval of rest or relief interlock to unite or join closely as by hooking or dovetailing interlocking <> independent interloper * n. one that interferes with the affairs of others, often for selfish reasons; a meddler interlude n. an intervening episode, feature, or period of time interminable * * adj. being or seeming to be without an end; endless countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration
interminable : lengthy :: boundless : extensive : fathomless : deep interminable : length :: fathomless : depth untold adj. too great or numerous to count : INCALCULABLE, VAST myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number intermittent adj. stopping and starting at intervals; alternately containing and empty of water intermittent <> constant, continued interpose to put forth by way of interference or intervention interpose <> overlook, ignore, disregard, avoid interregnum n. the interval of time between the end of a sovereign's reign and the accession of a successor interregnum : government :: hibernation : activity interrogate to examine by questioning formally or officially interrogate : probe :: confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory question : interrogative :: order : imperative usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine (>) usurp to seize and hold (the power or rights) by force and without legal authority interrogative adj. asking a question or being of the nature of a question intervene to come, appear, or lie between two things to come or occur between two periods or points of time intimate to make known subtly and indirectly; hint; to announce; proclaim clique : intimates :: flock : sheep intimate : close :: engrossed : absorbed :: obsessed : attracted (>) intimate : communicate :: allude : infer allude to make an indirect reference intimidate to make timid; fill with fear; to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize :: sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation extortion n. the offense committed by an official engaging in such practice irrepressible difficult or impossible to control or restrain obfuscate to confuse choler n. ready disposition to irritation : IRASCIBILITY subvert to overturn or overthrow from the foundation intractable * * adj. difficult to manage or govern; stubborn; difficult to mold or manipulate; difficult to alleviate, remedy, or cure intractable : control :: intractable : govern :: intractable <> obeisant, governable, yielding, manageable intractability <> governability
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impervious adj. not allowing entrance or passage : IMPENETRABLE impermeable adj. not permitting passage (as of a fluid) through its substance
intransigent * * * adj. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend intransigent : control :: resolute : oscillate intransigent <> open to compromise, complaisant, yielding complaisant , docile, pliant, tractable <> insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate, intractable intransigence <> docility, pliancy, tractability obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively complaisant adj. marked by an inclination to please or oblige pliant adj.easily influenced : YIELDING
invariant adj. not varying; constant invariance <> fluctuation invective * adj. denunciatory or abusive language; vituperation; denunciatory or abusive expression or discourse exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive eulogy, eulogium : invective :: (#) invective <> accolade, approbation, compliment, exaltation, extolment, flattery, laud, laudatory speech words, encomium, praise, adulation exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal extol to praise highly : GLORIFY
inviolable adj. secure from violation or profanation pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable
intrepid * adj. resolutely courageous; fearless genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear fear : intrepid :: qualm : unscrupulous intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract intrepid <> apprehensive intrepidness <> craven genteel n. elegant or graceful in manner, appearance vulgar adj. lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste qualm n. : a sudden attack of illness, faintness, or nausea unscrupulous adj. not scrupulous : UNPRINCIPLED deter to prevent or discourage from acting, as by means of fear or doubt rapt adj. wholly absorbed : ENGROSSED
inveigh to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently inveigh <> verbally provide support
invite to ask for the presence or participation of; to welcome invite <> ward off ward off to turn aside; parry
intricate adj. having many complexly interrelating parts or elements : COMPLICATED intricate : complexity :: intricate <> simple, straightforward chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy chiaroscuro n. pictorial representation in terms of light and shade without regard to color tapestry n. a heavy handwoven reversible textile used for hangings, curtains, and upholstery and characterized by complicated pictorial designs intrigue to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot to arouse the interest or curiosity of interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile (=) bootless adj. without advantage or benefit; useless intrigue, interest <> pall intrinsic adj. of or relating to the essential nature of a thing intrinsic <> extraneous intuitive adj. of, relating to, or arising from intuition inundate to cover with water, especially floodwaters; to overwhelm as if with a flood; swamp inundate <> drain inundation to cover with a flood : OVERFLOW inure to habituate to something undesirable, especially by prolonged subjection; accustom inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency
inveigle to win over by coaxing, flattery, or artful talk; to obtain by cajolery plot : plan :: inveigle : interest (DEFECTIVE) inveigle <> request directly, openly seek to persuade inventory n. a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of things in one's possession, especially a periodic survey of all goods and materials in stock census : population :: inventory : stock inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo manifest n. a list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane investigate to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically investigate : probe :: cavil : criticize inveterate * * adj. firmly and long established; deep-rooted; persisting in an ingrained habit; habitual inveterate <> casual, uninitiated invidious adj. tending to rouse ill will, animosity, or resentment invidious <> beneficial invigorate * to impart vigor, strength, or vitality to; animate conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden invigorate <> weaken, debilitate, demoralize, enfeeble, enervate, emaciate, sap conducive adj. tending to cause or bring about; contributive analgesic n. a medication that reduces or eliminates pain debilitate to sap the strength or energy of; enervate emaciate to make feeble enfeeble to make feeble : deprive of strength sap to weaken or exhaust the energy or vitality of invincible * * adj. incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve :: impermeable : penetrate (corrupt : compromise ) invincible : subdue :: impervious : damage
inviolate * not violated or profaned; intact pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate :: penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure inviolable, inviolate <> profane, impure, impure , inviolated, contaminated profane adj. not holy because unconsecrated, impure, or defiled : UNSANCTIFIED
invoice n. a detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all costs; an itemized bill consignment : invoice :: invoke to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration invoke <> suspend invulnerable adj.immune to attack; impregnable; impossible to damage, injure, or wound euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable adj. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible irascible adj. prone to outbursts of temper; easily angered; characterized by or resulting from anger accessible : approach :: irascible : enrage irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious affable <> irascible insensate adj. lacking humane feeling : BRUTAL affable adj. easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle and gracious irate adj.extremely angry; enraged; characterized or occasioned by anger gush : effusive :: rage : irate ire n. intense and usually openly displayed anger ire <> placate iridescent * adj. producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors; brilliant, lustrous, or colorful in effect or appearance iridescent <> monochromatic irk * to be irritating, wearisome, or vexing to irk : enrage :: suggest : urge pest : irksome :: expert : proficient irk <> act defensively, cause to pleased, gratify, make someone pleased, please pest n. one that pesters or annoys : NUISANCE
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enrage to put into a rage; infuriate
balm, salve <> irritant
ironclad adj. rigid; fixed; so firm or secure as to be unbreakable jammed : full :: ironclad : firm :: brilliant : smart (=)
isomorphous adj. being of identical or similar form, shape, or structure isomorph <> dissimilarity, different structure, heterogeneity, disparateness, structure of dissimilarity
irradiance n. RADIANCE irradicable adj. impossible to uproot or destroy; ineradicable ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate incorrigible : amend :: irradicable, ineradicable : remove irrational adj. lacking usual or normal mental clarity or coherence irreducible adj. impossible to reduce to a desired, simpler, or slammer form or amount factorable <> irreducible irrefutable adj. impossible to refute : INCONTROVERTIBLE irrelevant adj. unrelated to the matter at hand irrelevant : pertain :: immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness germane <> irrelevant immaterial <> relevant immaterial adj. of no substantial consequence : UNIMPORTANT germane adj. being at once relevant and appropriate : FITTING irreproachable adj. not reproachable : BLAMELESS, IMPECCABLE irresolute * adj. unsure of how to act or proceed; undecided; lacking in resolution; indecisive demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness irresolute, daunted <> undeterred irresolution <> determination, perposefulness, will, willfulness demur to voice opposition; object deter to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting irreverent * adj.. lacking or exhibiting a lack of reverence; disrespectful;. critical of what is generally accepted or respected; satirical irreverent <> respectful, courteous, gracious awe <> irreverence irrevocable adj. impossible to retract or revoke irrevocable : rescind :: rescind to make void; repeal or annul irrigate to supply (as land or crops) with water by artificial means irrigate : flush :: galvanize : stimulate (A:B) irritate to rouse to impatience or anger; annoy antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation haunt : familiar, similarity :: harass : irritating irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous
issue to go, come, or flow out b to come forth : EMERGE debate : issue :: bargain : price (=) retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language ) stanza : line :: volume : issue (issue :volume : ) episode : series :: issue : periodical issue <> withdraw isthmus n. a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas isthmus : land :: strait : water itinerary n. a route or proposed route of a journey itinerary : trip :: syllabus : course
jaunty adj. having a buoyant or self-confident air; brisk; crisp and dapper in appearance; natty staid <> jaunty staid adj. marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint : SOBER, GRAVE jazz portrait : painting :: jazz : music jealousy attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous meddle to interfere without right or propriety jejune * adj. not interesting; dull; lacking maturity; childish jejune : interest :: labyrinthine : simplicity :: clich? : originality jejune <> thought provoking jeopardy n. risk of loss or injury; peril or danger uninformative : fathom :: jeopardous : overcome (=) jerk to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist to to utter abruptly or sharply
J
jabber to talk rapidly, unintelligibly, or idly jabber <> speak slowly jaded * adj. worn out; wearied; dulled by surfeit; sated overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune jaded <> keen, enthusiastic keen adj. showing a quick and ardent responsivenes jam to become blocked or wedged jammed : full :: ironclad : firm ironclad adj. so firm or secure as to be unbreakable jape to say or do something jokingly or mockingly revere <> jape at jar to make or utter a harsh sound; to be disturbing or irritating; grate puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled (=) malodorous : smell :: jarring : sound melodious <> jarring puncture to make useless or ineffective as if by a puncture : DEFLATE deflate to reduce in size, importance, or effectiveness jargon n. nonsensical, incoherent, or meaningless talk vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular n. using a language or dialect native to a region or country rather than a literary, cultured, or foreign language jaundice to affect with envy, jealousy, prejudice, or hostility jaundice <> speak favorably jaundiced <> disposed favorably, unprejudiced, candid
jeer to speak or cry out with derision or mockery jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (=) jest n. a playful or amusing act; a prank jeer : derision :: reprimand : censure (=) jest <> solemn, speaking,utterance, solemnity solemn adj. marked by grave sedateness and earnest sobriety; SOMBER, GLOOMY jettison to cast overboard or off jettison <> retain jettison <> salvage retain to keep in possession or use jibe to be in ; agree jibe <> conflict jingo n. one who vociferously supports one's country, especially one who supports a belligerent foreign policy; a chauvinistic patriot nepotism : kinship :: jingoist : nationality (= ) nepotism, dove, pacifist <> warmonger, jingoist jitter to be nervous or uneasy; fidget jittery <> resolute fidget to move or act restlessly or nervously jocose adj. characterized by joking : HUMOROUS jocose <> grave, morose jocular adj. characterized by joking; given to joking jocular <> lachrymose, serious lachrymose adj. tending to cause tears : MOURNFUL jocund * * adj. sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or
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quality jocund <> dreary, morose, dour, serious, depressed, grave, dismal, lachrymose dejection <> jocundity jocund, jocular <> lachrymose morose adj. sullenly melancholy; gloomy lachrymose adj. tending to cause tears : MOURNFUL dour adj. OBSTINATE, UNYIELDING; GLOOMY, SULLEN dismal adj. showing or causing gloom or depression jog jog : exercise :: barter : trade barter to trade goods or services without the exchange of money joke joke : punch line :: plot : denouement pun : joke :: supernova : star punch line n. the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes the point denouement n. the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work pun n. the usually humorous use of a word in such a way as to suggest two or more of its meanings or the meaning of another word similar in sound supernova n. the explosion of a very large star in which the star may reach a maximum intrinsic luminosity one billion times that of the sun jolt to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion jolt : move :: check : stop to slow or bring to a stop : BRAKE jot to write down briefly or hastily nip : eat :: jot : write jot : write :: skim : read nip to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts jovial adj. marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer jovial <> mournful, drab, morose, saturnine, maudlin, lachrymose, lugubrious joviality <> moroseness maudlin adj. effusively or tearfully sentimental morose adj. sullenly melancholy; gloomy journal n. record of current transactions; especially : a book of original entry in double-entry bookkeeping journal : entry (entries) :: run : performance run n. continued series of performance joyous adj. feeling or causing joy; joyful joyous <> grievous jubilant adj. exultingly joyful; expressing joy dolorous <> jubilant dolorousadj. marked by or exhibiting sorrow, grief, or pain judge judge : law :: umpire : rule judicious adj. having or exhibiting sound judgment; prudent miser : stingy :: sage : judicious judicios <> crass, daft, unwise, imprudent polite <> injudicious
judiciousness <> indiscretion crass adj. being beneath one's dignity daft adj. foolish; stupid imprudent adj. not prudent : lacking discretion juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path juggernaut : inexorable :: riddle : impenetrable juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable :: extemporization : spontaneous juggernaut : stoppable :: exacting : satisfied (A=B ) juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray :: charlatan : deceive siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable impenetrable adj. inaccessible to knowledge, reason, or sympathy : IMPERVIOUS extemporization n. the act of extemporizing : IMPROVISATION charlatan n. one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability : FRAUD, FAKER quisling n. traitor; one who betrays another's trust or is false to an obligation or duty jumble to mix in a confused way; throw together carelessly; to muddle; confuse mixture : jumble :: justify to demonstrate or prove to be just, right, or valid; to declare free of blame; absolve justify <> argue against juxtapose to place side by side, especially for comparison or contrast
K kangaroo kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent marsupial n. any of an order (Marsupialia) of mammals comprising kangaroos, wombats, bandicoots, opossums, and related animals that do not develop a true placenta and that usually have a pouch on the abdomen of the female which covers the teats and serves to carry the young rodent n. any of an order (Rodentia) of relatively small gnawing mammals (as a mouse, a squirrel, or a beaver) that have in both jaws a single pair of incisors with a chisel-shaped edge keen adj. showing a quick and ardent responsiveness : ENTHUSIASTIC ken n. perception; understanding;range of vision earshot : hear :: ken : see earshot n. hearing distance kidnap to seize and detain unlawfully and usually for ransom kidnapping : detainment A wiretapping : entrapment : B larceny : theft : C plundering : destruction : D bribery : inducement : E extortion : retribution : detain to hold or keep in or as if in custody
larceny the unlawful taking and removing of another's personal property with the intent of permanently depriving the owner; theft. theft the act or an instance of stealing; larceny. wiretap v. bribery an inducement that influences a public official to perform kindle to build or fuel (a fire) b. to set fire to; ignite extinguish, squelch <> kindle, rekindle kindred adj. of a similar nature or character : LIKE; of the same ancestry kindred <> unsimilarity kindred <>dissimilar kink n. a tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, as one caused by the tensing of a looped section of wire kiss scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection :: hurl : disgust scowl to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval hurl to throw forcefully : FLING knack n. a clever, expedient way of doing something redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack knack <> ineptitude, awkwardness knack <> foolish knave n. an unprincipled, crafty fellow sage : judgment :: knave : deceit knave : rogue :: jack : man (=) sage n. one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom knead to mix and work into a uniform mass, as by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands to make or shape by or as if by folding, pressing, and stretching with the hands knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable malleable adj. capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences permeable that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gases knit to make (a fabric or garment) by intertwining yarn or thread in a series of connected loops either by hand with knitting needles or on a machine knit : yarn :: plait : hair (study : reconditeness ) needle : knit :: loom : weave ravel <> knit ravel to separate or undo the texture of : UNRAVEL knoll * n. a small round hill : MOUND knoll : hill :: cameo : sculpture cameo n. a small piece of sculpture knotty
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adj. tied or snarled in knots; covered with knots or knobs; difficult to understand or solve; puzzlingly intricate knotty : resolve, solve :: knotty <> easy, simple kudos n. acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement kudos <> disparagement
L labile adj. open to change; adaptable labile <> stable, immutable, permanent labored adj. produced or done with effort; lacking natural ease; strained glib <> labored labyrinth * * * n. an intricate structure of interconnecting passages through which it is difficult to find one's way; a maze labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest (#) threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (#) labyrinth : tortuous :: ornament : decorative labyrinth <> directness, simplicity, straightforward path labyrinthine <> simple threadbare adj. exhausted of interest or freshness timeworn adj. HACKNEYED, STALE ribald adj. CRUDE, OFFENSIVE tortuous adj. marked by devious or indirect tactics : CROOKED, TRICKY lacerate to rip, cut, or tear; to cause deep emotional pain to; distress lacerate <> mitigate, soothe lachrymose * * adj. weeping or inclined to weep; tearful; causing or tending to cause tears lachrymose :cheerful :: obdurate : budge lachrymose <> jocund, jocular, glad, cheerful, jovial, joyful budge adj. pompous, solemn jocund adj. merry lackluster adj. lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull lackluster <> charisma lackluster <> radiant, resplendent, refulgent, burnish resplendent adj. splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant refulgent shining radiantly; resplendent laconic * * adj. using or involving the use of a minimum of words : concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (#) laconic : speech :: austere : design laconic <> loquacious, voluble, garrulous, verbose, prolix, wordy, lengthy, unabridged laconism <> verbosity voluble <> taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent trepidation n. timorous uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION
verbose adj. containing more words than necessary : WORDY prolix adj. marked by or using an excess of words ladle n. a deep-bowled long-handled spoon used especially for dipping up and conveying liquids (국자) soup : ladle :: flour : scoop lag to stay or fall behind : LINGER, LOITER b to move, function, or develop with comparative slowness lag <> forge ahead forge to form (as metal) by heating and hammering laggard * adj. dilatory; characterized by procrastination : TARDY laggard : dilatory :: rascal : mischievous laggard <> prompt, vigorous, taut, brisk rascal n. a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person taut adj. having no give or slack : tightly drawn b : HIGH-STRUNG, TENSE brisk adj. keenly alert : LIVELY laid-back adj. having a relaxed style or character laid-back <> high-strung high-strung adj. having an extremely nervous or sensitive temperament lambaste to give a thrashing to; beat; to scold sharply; berate lambaste <> extol, laud lame adj. disabled so that movement, especially walking, is difficult or impossible lament * * to express grief for or about; mourn; to regret deeply; deplore lament : grief :: lament : elegy :: lamentable : repentance :: celebrate : lament :: slight : show respect (#) celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful (#) lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure repent to feel regret or contrition; to change one's mind slight to treat with disdain or indifference reprehensible adj. deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy laminate to beat or compress into a thin plate or sheet; to divide into thin layers laminate : divide :: lampoon n. : a harsh satire usually directed against an individual panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort paean <> harshly lampoon panegyric n. a formal eulogistic composition intended as a public compliment landfill n. a system of trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse landmark
n. a prominent identifying feature of a landscape hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous seclude to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others landslide n. a. the downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth and rock droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide landslide <> debacle debacle n. a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river lane n. a narrow country road; a narrow way or passage between walls, hedges, or fences languid adj. lacking energy or vitality; weak languid : energy :: desultory : plan languid <> effervescent, energetic, vivacious, vehement desultory adj. disappointing in progress or performance : SLUGGISH vivacious adj. full of animation and spirit; lively vehement adj. marked by forceful energy : POWERFUL languish to be or become weak or feeble; lose strength or vigor languish : vitality :: depreciate : value languish <> effervesce, thrive effervesce to show liveliness or exhilaration thrive , thrive to grow vigorously : FLOURISH languor n. lack of physical or mental energy; listlessness languor <> alacrity, thriveness lank adj. long and lean; long, straight, and limp lank, slender, slim, spindly <> stalwart lanky <> squat lapse n. a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or inattention lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality :: misdemeanor : crime (A < parsimony, penuriousness, stinginess, miserliness penurious adj. marked by or suffering from penury larva
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n. the immature, wingless, and often wormlike feeding form mature : larva :: larval <> mature lariat n. a long light rope (as of hemp or leather) used with a running noose to catch livestock or with or without the noose to tether grazing animals : LASSO lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd lash to secure or bind, as with a rope, cord, or chain lash <> unbind lassitude * * * n. a state or feeling of weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge (?) arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir (if A, not B) lassitude <> vim, animation, verve, vitality, ebullience, effervescence n. a feeling of vigor, liveliness, fascination defer to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance usually through deference or respect vim n. ebullient vitality and energy verve n. the spirit and enthusiasm animating latent adj. present or potential but not evident or active latency : response :: incubation : disease latent <> manifest lathe lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten latitude n. freedom from normal restraints, limitations, or regulations latitude <> strict constraint, tight restraint, restraint, limitation laud * * to PRAISE, EXTOL counsel : advice :: laud : homage laud : admire :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise commendable, laudable <> execrable, despicable, blameworthy, repugnant, unworthy, reprehensible laudatory <> execrable, reprehensible, pejorative, execrable laud <> revile, blame, deprecate, malign homage n. expression of high regard lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance pejorative adj. tending to disparage or belittle : DEPRECIATORY execrable adj. very bad : WRETCHED revile to assail with abusive language; vituperate lavish * * adj. 1. characterized by or produced with extravagance and profusion excoriate <> extol, praise lavishly lavish, prosperous <> mean, stint, penurious, austere, economical, parsimonious, impecunious, stark, thrifty excoriate to censure strongly; denounce stark adj. having few or no ornaments : BARE stint to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with
impecunious adj. having very little or no money usually habitually : PENNILESS law-abiding a. abiding by or obedient to the law miscreant <> law-abiding individual lax adj. lacking in rigor, strictness, or firmness lax <> taut, stringent, strict, careful, attentive, conscientious laxity <> intensification layover n. STOPOVER; a stop at an intermediate point in one's journey layover : journey :: pause : action layperson n. a man who is a nonprofessional layperson : expertise :: novice : experience novice n. BEGINNER, TYRO laze to be lazy; loaf laze <> travail travail to labor hard : TOIL leaden adj. made of or containing lead; heavy and inert b. listless; sluggish leaden <> vivacious, buoyant, spirited, animated vivacious adj. full of animation and spirit; lively leakage seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion lean adj. lacking or deficient in flesh lean fat lean <> straighten leaning n. an inclination, a tendency, or a preference leaning <> disinclination learned adj. characterized by or associated with learning : ERUDITE leaven to raise (as bread) with a leaven; to mingle or permeate with some modifying, alleviating, or vivifying element leaven : volume :: distill : purity lectern n. a reading desk with a slanted top holding the books from which scriptural passages are read during a church service ledger n. a book in which the monetary transactions of a business are posted in the form of debits and credits leer to look with a sidelong glance, indicative especially of sexual desire or sly and malicious intent stare : leer :: peruse : smattering (>) peruse to read or examine, typically with great care leery adj. suspicious or distrustful
leery <> showing no doubt, imprudent legacy n. money or property bequeathed to another by wil; something handed down from an ancestor or a predecessor or from the past legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor legacy : predecessor :: endowment : patron legend n. an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart glossary : text :: legend : map legendary adj. extremely well known; famous or renowned legendary <> obscure legerdemain n. a display of skill or adroitness magician : legerdemain :: acrobat : tumbling :: acrobat : gymnastics legible adj. possible to read or decipher; plainly discernible; apparent legible : decipher :: legion n. a large number; a multitude legion <> lack in number lenient adj. inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous, or indulgent martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication draconian <> lenient lessen * to reduce in size, extent, or degree lethal adj. capable of causing death; extremely harmful; devastating disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal lethargy * * * n. a state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy lethargic : stimulate :: skeptical : convince (#) lethargy : energy :: intemperate : restraint (LACK) lethargy <> vigor, animation, alert, alertness, effervescence lethargic <> animated, energetic, ebullient, vigorous, invigorating intemperate adj. given to excessive use of intoxicating liquors ebullient adj. BOILING, AGITATED lettered adj. LEARNED, EDUCATED b : of, relating to, or characterized by learning : CULTURED levee n. an embankment for preventing flooding b : a river landing place : PIER levee : river :: cordon : crowd rampart : invasion :: levee : flood (A protect B) padding : damage :: levee : flooding cordon n. a line of people, military posts, or ships stationed around an area to enclose or guard it levelheaded adj. characteristically self-composed and sensible levelheaded <> foolish
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leverage n. the action of a lever b. the mechanical advantage or a lever; positional advantage; power to act effectively publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage (=) leverage <> impuissance, lack of ability impuissance lack of power or effectiveness; weakness leviathan * n. a very large animal, especially a whale. leviathan : massive :: juggernaut : inexorable :: phoenix : immortal inexorable adj. not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty : RELENTLESS phoenix n. a legendary bird which ing to one account lived 500 years, burned itself to ashes on a pyre, and rose alive from the ashes to live another period levity n. lightness of manner or speech, especially when inappropriate; frivolity levity <> gravity, seriousness levy to impose or collect (a tax, for example) levy, legislate <> rescind lexicographer cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary :: weaver : cloth liability n. the quality or state of being liable b : PROBABILITY exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty exempt asset <> liability liability <> immunity liaison n. an instance or a means of communication between different groups or units of an organization, especially in the armed forces b. one that maintains communication libel * * to make or publish a libel against libel : criticize :: denounce : reject liberality n. the quality or state of being liberal nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (#) liberal <> parsimonious, meager, enfettered liberalist<> enfetters liberality <> unkindness, stinginess, disservice, disapproval, intolerance, prejudice nefarious adj. infamous by way of being extremely wicked enfetter to bind in fetters : ENCHAIN meager adj. lacking desirable qualities
liberate to set free, as from oppression, confinement, or foreign control liberate <> shackle, fetter, deprive of freedom, impede libertine *
n. one who acts without moral restraint; a dissolute person libertine : licentious :: caviler : carping libertine : dissolute :: dupe : credulous :: sycophant : obsequious ::buffoon : ludicrous :: wag : humorous emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose (DEFECTIVE) libertine <> ascetic dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices obsequious adj. marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness buffoon n. a ludicrous figure : CLOWN ludicrous adj. amusing or laughable through obvious absurdity, incongruity, exaggeration, or eccentricity wag n. WIT, JOKER effusive adj. excessively demonstrative cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections carp to find fault or complain querulously liberty management <> unfettered liberty unfettered adj. FREE, UNRESTRAINED libretto n. the text of a work (as an opera) for the musical theater libretto : opera :: lyrics : song license n. permission to act licentious adj. lacking legal or moral restraints caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness licentious <> morally restrained, virtuous, moral licentiousness <> moral restraint, restraint person dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices lien n. the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty lien : claim :: subpoena : command lighthearted * adj. free from care, anxiety, or seriousness : GAY; cheerfully optimistic and hopeful lighthearted <> morose, careworn lightheartedness <> solemnity, sobriety, graveness morose adj. marked by or expressive of gloom careworn adj. showing the effect of grief or anxiety solemn adj. SOMBER, GLOOMY like-minded adj. having a like disposition or purpose : of the same mind or habit of thought liken to see, mention, or show as similar; compare liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference liken <> contrast, controvert, differentiate, discriminate limber adj. bending or flexing readily; pliable; capable of moving, bending, or contorting easily; supple limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spindly adj. slender and elongated, especially in a
way that suggests weakness limelight to center attention on : SPOTLIGHT limelight <> obscurity, anonymity limerick n. a light or humorous verse form of 5 chiefly anapestic verses of which lines 1, 2, and 5 are of 3 feet and lines 3 and 4 are of 2 feet with a rhyme scheme of aabba farce : performance :: limerick : poem limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire farce n. ridiculous or empty show limousine mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile limp to walk lamely, especially with irregularity, as if favoring one leg; to move or proceed haltingly or unsteadily limp : walk :: stutter : talk limp <> firm stutter to move or act in a halting or spasmodic manner limpid adj. characterized by transparent clearness; pellucid; easily intelligible; clear clear, pellucid, limpid <> murky, unclear, nebulous, turbid, obscure, opaque linen n. thread or cloth spun from flax clay : porcelain :: flax : linen flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric :: tin : metal linger to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry to remain feebly alive for some time before dying lingering <> fleeting linoleum varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum lint n. a soft fleecy material made from linen usually by scraping lint : bleeding :: brake : motion lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment lionize * to treat as an object of great interest or importance; to look on or treat (a person) as a celebrity lionize <> denigrate, subjugate, disparage, slight, trivialize, mock, condemn, disgrace lissome adj. easily bent; supple; having the ability to move with ease; limber lissome : lithe :: (=) lissome <> ungainly, sordid ungainly adj. lacking in smoothness or dexterity list n. an inclination to one side, as of a ship; a tilt list <> upright lithe * adj. easily bent or flexed; characterized by easy flexibility and grace lithe <> awkward, inelastic, stiff, oafish, ponderous
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oaf n. a big clumsy slow-witted person livid adj. discolored, as from a bruise; black-and-blue; extremely angry; furious livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged (>) despondent adj. feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection, or depression loath adj. unwilling or reluctant; disinclined loath <> amusing, amusive, amusable, eager castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike (>) dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss loathe <> amuse loathsome <> delectable castigate to inflict severe punishment on; to criticize severely delectable adj. highly pleasing : DELIGHTFUL bliss n. complete happiness locomotive n. a self-propelled vehicle that runs on rails and is used for moving railroad cars locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge tugboat n. towboat barge n. a large motorboat supplied to the flag officer of a flagship lode n. a rich source or supply shaft : lode :: well : aquifer lode <. Depleted resources lofty * * adj. of imposing height; elevated in character; exalted lofty : respect lofty <> mean, casting down, ignominious, ignoble, sordid, obsequious adj. marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness ignominious adj. deserving of shame or infamy : DESPICABLE sordid adj. DIRTY, FILTHY b : WRETCHED, SQUALID log n. the record of the rate of a ship's speed or of her daily progress ship : log :: loll to move, stand, or recline in an indolent or relaxed manner; to hang or droop laxly loll <> move vigorously longevity n. a. long life; great duration of life; length or duration of life longevity <> brief duration longing n. a strong persistent yearning or desire, especially one that cannot be fulfilled longing : pine :: remorse : rue rue to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for lopsided adj. heavier, larger, or higher on one side than on the other lopsided <> evenhanded loose to free from restraint loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception loquacious * *
adj. very talkative; garrulous loquacious : word :: profligate : money loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous :: reckless : adventurous :: cloying : sweet (>) loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (#) garrulous, loquacious : words :: prodigal, profligate : money flattery : praise :: loquacious : talkativeness (>) loquacious <> taciturn, laconic, reticent, restrained, diffuse loquacity <> disinclination to speak, reluctance to speak, reticence profligate adj. wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL rash adj. marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution cloy to surfeit with an excess usually of something orig. pleasing adroit adj. having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness in handling situations prodigal adj. recklessly extravagant reticent adj. restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance diffuse adj. being at once verbose and illorganized lottery n. (game) a contest in which tokens are distributed or sold, the winning token or tokens being secretly predetermined or ultimately selected in a random drawing lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission lour to look sullen : FROWN loutish adj. having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and boorish loutish : grace :: coltish : discipline genteel <> loutish, vulgar loyal adj. faithful in allegiance to one's lawful sovereign or government exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (#) snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty perfidious adj. treacherous lubricate to apply a lubricant to; to make slippery or smooth oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage (A prevent B) lucid adj. easily understood; intelligible; translucent or transparent lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand :: prominent : notice lucid <> murky, vague, obfuscated murky adj. characterized by a heavy dimness or obscurity caused by or like that caused by overhanging fog or smoke lucubrate to write in a scholarly fashion; produce scholarship lucubration <> cursory consideration cursory adj. performed with haste and scant attention to detail lug to drag or haul (an object) laboriously; to pull or drag with short jerks lug : carry :: trudge : walk
trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footedway; plod lugubrious * * * adj. mournful, dismal, or gloomy, especially to an exaggerated degree lugubrious <> cheerful, jovial, facetious, sunny, merry, exultant, uplifting lugubriousness <> cheerfulness facetious adj. meant to be humorous or funny : not serious facetious adj. humorous lukewarm adj. mildly warm; tepid; lacking conviction or enthusiasm; indifferent lull to cause to sleep or rest; soothe or calm; to deceive into trustfulness lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse lull <> hectic period, fastest period lull <>intense discussion lull <> revive, startle, gall, galvanize, increase activity, vehemence, vigilance hectic adj. characterized by intense activity, confusion, or haste lumber to walk or move wit heavy clumsiness; to move with a rumbling noise lumber : grace :: waver : resolution (LACK) lumber <> glide lumen n. a unit of luminous flux equal to the light emitted in a unit solid angle by a uniform point source of one candle intensity lumen : light :: decibel : sound :: volt : electricity :: watt : power luminary n. an object, such as a celestial body, that gives light; a person who is an inspiration to others master, maven : experience :: luminary : eminence luminary <> nonentity, nobody, ordinary person, obscure person maven n. one who is experienced or knowledgeable eminence n. one that is eminent, prominent, or lofty lung lung : respire :: tooth : masticate lurch to stagger; to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically lurch <> progress smoothly lurid adj. causing horror or revulsion : GRUESOME lurid : terrify :: amusing : please lurk to lie in wait, as in ambush; to move furtively; sneak lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: hoard : save lurk : concealment :: purloin : appropriation lurk <> reveal, disclose, divulge, let out, tell, uncover hoard to collect and hide or store for preservation lush adj. having or characterized by luxuriant vegetation; abundant; plentiful c. extremely productive; thriving lush <> withered, sere
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luster n. glow of reflected light : SHEEN lustrous adj. having a sheen or glow; gleaming with or as if with brilliant light; radiant numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous lustrous : polish :: pure : refine luxuriant *, adj. characterized by rich or profuse growth; producing or yielding in abundance ascetic : luxury :: teetotaler : alcohol luxuriant <> spartan, meager (inexpensive ) teetotaler n. one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages spartan n. a person of great courage and selfdiscipline meager adj. lacking desirable qualities luxurious adj. marked by or contributing to luxury; of a sumptuous, costly or rich variety luxurious <> simple, austere, poor, worthless, unrefined lyric lyric : poem :: ballad : song :: comedian : actor
grudge n. a deep-seated feeling of resentment or rancor magnificent adj. splendid in appearance; grand magnificent <> base magniloquent * adj. speaking in or characterized by a high-flown often bombastic style or manner magniloquent <> humble, understated, plain majestic * adj. having or exhibiting majesty : STATELY maladroit * * * adj. marked by a lack of adroitness; inept maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (#) maladroit <> deft, dexterous, skillful, graceful maladroitness <> grace glib adj. lacking depth and substance : SUPERFICIAL complaisance n. disposition to please or comply : AFFABILITY deft adj. characterized by facility and skill voluble adj. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent
M macabre * adj. suggesting the horror of death and decay; gruesome macabre : shudder :: hilarious : laugh macabre <> jocund shudder to tremble convulsively : SHIVER mace n. an aromatic spice consisting of the dried external fibrous covering of a nutmeg macerate to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid macerate <> harden by drying machination n. the act of plotting; a crafty scheme or cunning design for the accomplishment of a sinister end; conspiracy reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot maculate to spot, blemish , or pollute maculated <> unspotted maculate <> pristine maculate <> purify madcap adj. marked by capriciousness, recklessness, or foolishness madcap <> sober, thoughtful, caginess sober adj. UNHURRIED, CALM cagey adj. hesitant about committing oneself maelstrom n. a violent or turbulent situation maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory magnanimity n. loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a noble generosity magnanimity <> grudge magnanimous <> mean, selfish, unkind
malady n. an unwholesome or disordered condition malady <> healthy condition, haleness, benefit, advantage, wellness hale adj. free from defect, disease, or infirmity malaise * adj. vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness malaise <> cheerful feeling, health, well-being, power, strength, vigor, comfort, pleasure malcontent adj. dissatisfied with existing conditions dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain daredevil : ? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain dilatory adj. intended to delay procrastinate to put off doing something, especially out of habitual adj. carelessness or laziness daredevil adj. recklessly bold malevolent * adj. having, showing, or arising from intense often vicious ill will, spite, or hatred malicious adj. having the nature of or resulting from malice; deliberately harmful; spiteful malicious : ill-will :: exaggerating : hyperbole :: diligent : effort expansive <> malicious expansive adj. characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness to talk : OPEN malfunction n. failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning fail-safe : malfunction :: fail-safe adj. incorporating some feature for automatically counteracting the effect of an anticipated possible source of failure
malign to make evil, harmful, and often untrue statements about malign : ill will :: diligent : effort extol, laud <> malign malinger * * to feign illness or other incapacity so as to avoid duty or work malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate (DEFECTIVE) parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk hoard : miser :: malinger : shirker malinger : work :: shirk : duty malinger : duty :: camouflage, dissemble : detection :: recluse : humanity(BigBook13-4) ail n. ailment; a bodily disorder or chronic disease skimp to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or effort to or funds for shirk to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) hoard n. a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away recluse adj. marked by withdrawal from society : SOLITARY malleable * adj. capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or pressure; easily controlled or influenced; tractable friable : crumble :: malleable : alter knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion malleable : flexible :: (A=B) malleable <> hard to shape friable adj. readily crumbled; brittle irresolute adj. uncertain how to act or proceed : VACILLATING knead to form or shape by or as if by kneading malodorous adj. having a bad odor; foul malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound :: jarring : sound cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent manacle n. a shackle for the hand or wrist : HANDCUFF management management <> ineffectiveness, unfettered liberty manageable <> intractable, incorrigible mandatory adj. required or commanded by authority; obligatory; of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain discretionary <> mandatory discretionary adj. left to or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment maneuver to carry out a military or naval maneuver; to make a controlled series of changes in movement or direction toward an objective maneuverable<> intractable mangle to mutilate or disfigure by battering, hacking, cutting, or tearing mangle <> praise extravagantly mangy adj. affected with, caused by, or resembling mange; having many worn spots; shabby mangy <> sleek, decorous
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maniac * adj. suggestive of or afflicted with insanity: a maniacal frenzy; characterized by excessive enthusiasm or excitement: hidebound : conservative :: maniac : interested, excited (>) enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia mania : enthusiasm :: doting : fondness hidebound adj. stubbornly prejudiced, narrow minded, or inflexible manifest * n. a list of railroad cars ing to owner and location adj. clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious manifest : cargo :: inventory : merchandise manifest : perceive :: brittle : break :: transparent : understand audible : stentorian :: discernible : manifest manifest <> latent, occult, inapparent, obscure, implicit, indiscernible stentorian adj. extremely loud brittle adj. easily broken, cracked, or snapped discern to detect with the eyes manipulate to operate or control by skilled use of the hands; handle; to tamper with or falsify for personal gain dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict manipulative <> guileless prescience n. foreknowledge of events: a : divine omniscience
mannered adj. having manners of a specific kind; artificial or affected mannered <> natural mansion n. a separate apartment or lodging in a large structure mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile manumit * to free from slavery or bondage; emancipate manumit <> enslave, detain manumission <> enslavement detain to keep from proceeding; delay or retard manuscript n. a document submitted for publication edit : manuscript :: archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon mar to inflict damage, especially disfiguring damage, on to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; spoil burnish : dull :: mar : flawless mar <> enhance burnish to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing marbled adj. made of or covered with marble or marbling march to walk steadily and rhythmically forward in step with others march <> boggle
boggle to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples marginal adj. not of central importance marginal <> pivotal pivotal adj. vitally important : CRUCIAL marsh n. a tract of soft wet land marsh : sodden :: desert : arid marshy <> arid sodden adj. thoroughly soaked; saturated arid adj. excessively dry marshal to place in proper rank or position marshal <> jumble jumble to move in a confused or disordered manner marsupial kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent martial * adj. of, relating to, or suggestive of war martial : military :: runic : mysterious martial <> peaceful, pacific rune n. MYSTERY, MAGIC martinet * * * n. a rigid military disciplinarian martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning (gourmet : food, hack : writing ) stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication (hypocrite : ingenuity ) martinet : rigorous :: dilettante :: superficial martinet : strict :: 15.PEDANT::LEARNING (0706 PBT) (A) illusionist: misdirection (B) dilettante: commitment (C) renegade: allegiance (D) martinet: discipline (E) hack: writing martinet <> indulgent person lenient adj. of mild and tolerant disposition; especially : INDULGENT dabbler n. one not deeply engaged in or concerned with something dilettante n. a person having a superficial interest in an art or a branch of knowledge : DABBLER marvel * * something that causes wonder or astonishment;intense surprise or interest : ASTONISHMENT marvel : quotidian :: recoil : delightful (if A, not B) marvel <> mean, indifference, calmness, triviality marvelous <> mean pedestrian <> marvelous quotidian adj. occurring every day; COMMONPLACE mean adj. worthy of little regard : CONTEMPTIBLE often used in negative constructions as a term of praise pedestrian adj. COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE recoil to shrink back physically or emotionally mask to take part in a masquerade; to assume a mask; to disguise one's true character or intentions masquerade n. an action or appearance that is mere disguise or show dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissemble to hide under a false appearance
massive adj. consisting of or making up a large mass; bulky, heavy, and solid; large or imposing, as in quantity, scope, degree, intensity, or scale massive <> slight masonry n. something constructed of materials used by masons b : the art, trade, or occupation of a mason c : work done by a mason masonry : bricklayer :: medicine : doctor master n. : an artist, performer, or player of consummate skill master : experience :: luminary : eminence luminary n. a person of prominence or brilliant achievement eminence n. a position of great distinction or superiority masterful adj. given to playing the master; imperious or domineering; fit to command; revealing mastery or skill; expert masterful <> inept inept adj. lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT masticate to chew (food); to grind and knead (rubber, for example) into a pulp lung : respire :: tooth : masticate (eye : envision, ear : resonate ) envision to picture in the mind; imagine resonate matchless adj. having no match or equal; unsurpassed matchless <> equal matriculate to admit or be admitted into a group, especially a college or university inauguration : official :: matriculation : student inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (#) commencement <> matriculation inception n. the beginning of something, such as an undertaking; a commencement matter-of-fact * * adj. adhering to the unembellished facts; also : being plain, straightforward, or unemotional matter-of-fact <> emotional, enthusiastic, fervid, gentle, polite matter-of-fact <> vague, inaccurate mattress tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress maturity aimless : purpose :: childish : maturity maudlin adj.effusively or tearfully sentimental maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (>) maudlin : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship maudlin <> unsentimental, jovial maven n. a person who has special knowledge or experience; an
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expert maven : experience :: luminary : eminence (HAVE) (augur : prediction DO ) maverick * n. one that refuses to abide by the dictates of or resists adherence to a group; a dissenter dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group maverick : conformity :: extrovert : reserve maverick <> follower, conformist, member dissent to differ in opinion or feeling; to withhold assent or approval mawkish * * adj. excessively and objectionably sentimental; sickening or insipid in taste mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous :: gullible : trusting (>) (peeved : annoyed (=)) mawkish <> unsentimental, hard-boiled, austere, dry, unsentimental stodgy adj. BORING, DULL to make peevish or resentful : ANNOY foolhardy adj. foolishly adventurous and bold : RASH meadow n. land in or predominantly in grass; especially : a tract of moist low-lying usually level grassland meadow : grass :: forest : tree meager adj. deficient in quantity, fullness, or extent; scanty; deficient in richness, fertility, or vigor; feeble; having little flesh; lean amplitude <> meagerness liberal <> meager meager <> luxurious, luxuriant amplitude n. the quality or state of being ample : FULLNESS mean adj. selfish in a petty way; unkind b. cruel, spiteful, or malicious; common or poor in appearance; shabby; humiliated or ashamed mean : largesse :: (#) mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance noble, lavish <> mean largesse n. generosity prodigal adj. characterized by wasteful expenditure spirit adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE meander to follow a winding and turning course; to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction waft : plummet :: meander : dash (#) meander <> move purposively dash <> meander waft to move or go lightly on or as if on a buoyant medium measly * * adj. contemptibly small measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly measly <> grand, prodigious puny adj. of inferior size, strength, or significance; weak measured adj. careful; restrained; calculated; deliberate
measurable = mensurable measure : volume :: analyze : content measure : note :: stanza : line measure : dimensions :: analyze : nature mensurable : measure :: ameliorable : improve measured <> reckless, inappropriate, irregular, extreme, unreasonable, erratic measurable <> unfathomable ameliorate to make better or more tolerable mechanical adj. of or relating to machines or tools mechanical <> emotional meddle to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere; to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel (EQUAL, , ) attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue meddle <> leave alone, withdraw, ignore officious adj. volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed : MEDDLESOME attentive adj. heedful of the comfort of others laconic adj. using or involving the use of a minimum of words curt adj. sparing of words : TERSE pry to look closely or inquisitively contentious adj. exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency to quarrels and disputes media plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria mediate to resolve or settle (differences) by working with all the conflicting parties intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret :: augur : predict mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction mediocre adj. of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or performance virtuoso : mediocre :: imposter : unfeigned virtuosity <> mediocrity meditate to reflect on; contemplate; to plan in the mind; intend medley montage : images :: medley : songs meek adj. showing patience and humility; gentle; easily imposed on; submissive meek <> unyielding meek <> truculent, imperious, vainglorious vainglorious adj. marked by vainglory : BOASTFUL truculent adj. aggressively self-assertive imperious adj. marked by arrogant assurance : DOMINEERING meet * adj. fitting; proper meet <> unfit, unsuitable, inappropriate melancholy adj. causing or tending to cause sadness or depression of mind melancholy <> cheerful, agreeable, sunny
meld to cause to merge meld <> divide, separate meliorism n. the belief that society has an innate tendency toward improvement and that this tendency may be furthered through conscious human effort meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity mellifluous * * adj. flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and sweet mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food mellifluous : hear :: savory : taste mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste mellifluous <> raspy, cacophonous, grating, harsh, strident ambrosia n. something extremely pleasing to taste or smell savory adj. pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of effective seasoning raspy adj. rough; grating strident adj. LOUD, VOCIFEROUS melodious * * adj.of, relating to, or containing a pleasing succession of sounds; tuneful; agreeable to hear melodious : hear :: savory : taste melodious <> jarring, cacophonous jar to make a harsh or discordant sound cacophonous adj. marked by cacophony : harshsounding melody n. a pleasing succession or arrangement of sounds melody : song :: cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl melodious <> jarring melodrama n. work (as a movie or play) characterized by extravagant theatricality and by the predominance of plot and physical action over characterization melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity (LACK) membrane n. a thin soft pliable sheet or layer especially of animal or plant origin pore : membrane :: door : wall :: eyelid : eye cell : membrane :: seed : hull memoir n. an account of the personal experiences of an author. memoir <>narrative menace * to utter threats against; to constitute a threat to; endanger odious : disgust :: menacing : fear :: blatant : arrest odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear menace <> safeguard, yield, praise, help odious adj. arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure mend to make repairs or restoration to; fix; to reform or correct mend rend, worsen, deteriorate, break
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mendacious * * * * adj. lying; untruthful; false; untrue mendacious : probity :: archaic : currency ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth mendacious <> candid, honest, veracious, truthful, upright, straightforward, frank, authentic mendacity <> honesty, truthfulness, candor, veracity veracious adj. honest; truthful mendicant n. beggar mendicant : beg :: menial adj. of or relating to servants : LOWLY’; appropriate to a servant : HUMBLE, SERVILE; lacking interest or dignity a menial task menial <> aristocratic, lofty aristocratic adj. socially exclusive; SNOBBISH mensurable adj. capable of being measured : MEASURABLE mensurable : measure :: ameliorable : improve mentor * n. a trusted counselor or teacher instruction : mentor :: opposition : adversary (B= A ) mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy :: prevaricator : mislead mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive :: juggernaut : crush oracle n. a person giving wise or authoritative prophecy n. a prediction of something to come prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE charlatan n. one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability : FRAUD, FAKER juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path mercenary n. motivated solely by a desire for monetary or material gain; hired for service in a foreign army mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer mercurial adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed profligate : solvency :: mercurial :: commitment scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy (LACK) mercurial <> constant fickle adj. marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy profligate adj. completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness scurrilous adj. using or given to coarse language; being vulgar and evil merited adj. deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to condign undeserved, unmerited condign <> deserved; adequate unsuitable, gratuitous <> merited mesh to catch in or as if in a net; ensnare; to cause to become engaged; to cause to work closely together; coordinate
disengage <> mesh mesmerism n. a strong or spellbinding appeal; fascination zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest (>) exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting (>) messy adj. disorderly and dirty metamorphose to change into a wholly different form or appearance; transform metamorphose <> remain unaltered, remain the same metamorphosis <> continuation without change metaphor n. a figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison metaphor : literal :: melody : spoken (=+ alpha) euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension (metaphor : description ) metaphoric, metaphorical <> literal euphemism n. the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant literal adj. reproduced word for word : EXACT, VERBATIM l metaphysics n. the system of principles underlying a particular study or subject : PHILOSOPHY insect : butterfly :: philosophy : metaphysics metaphysical <> concrete (plausible ) meteoric * adj. resembling a meteor in speed or in sudden and temporary brilliance meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency :: evanescent : permanence demography : population :: meteorology : weather :: pathology : disease meteoric <> plodding, gradual, perpetual plod to walk heavily or slowly : TRUDGE methodical adj. arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order methodical <> slipshod, haphazard haphazard adj. dependent upon or characterized by mere chance slipshod adj. CARELESS, SLOVENLY meticulous * * * adj. extremely careful and precise; extremely or excessively concerned with details firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous (<) interested : agog :: careful : meticulous (<) meticulous : careful :: bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful (>) meticulous : cursory :: artless : cunning (#) meticulousness : cursory :: meticulous : ineptness :: fluent : glib :: meticulous : finicky (=) meticulous <> careless, negligent, cursory agog n. full of intense interest or excitement : EAGER bumptious adj. presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-assertive : OBTRUSIVE garish adj. excessively vivid; offensively or distressingly bright : GLARING inept adj. lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH
glib adj. marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful finicky adj. extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards cursory adj. rapidly and often superficially performed or produced : HASTY metrical adj. of, relating to, or composed in poetic meter; of or relating to measurement scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scan to analyze (verse) into metrical patterns mettle * n. courage and fortitude; spirit; inherent quality of character and temperament insight : discern :: mettle : endure (→) mettlesome <> craven craven <> coward miasma n. an influence or atmosphere that tends to deplete or corrupt microscopic adj. too small to be seen by the unaided eye but large enough to be studied under a microscope; exceedingly small; minute microscopic <> elephantine miff adj. petulant, bad-tempered mood; a huff; petty quarrel or argument; a tiff miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw miff <> appease, please huff n. a fit of anger or annoyance; a pique tiff n. a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel migratory adj. characterized by migration; undergoing periodic migration migratory <> rooted, sedentary mill refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain milk to press out, drain off, or remove by or as if by milking; to obtain money or benefits from, in order to achieve personal gain; exploit milk : extract :: exploit : utilize (>) mime to ridicule by imitation; mimic; to act out with gestures and body movement parody : style :: mime : gesture charade : word :: mime : story mimicry n. a. the act, practice, or art of mimicking b. an instance of mimicking mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation minaret n. a tall slender tower of a mosque having one or more balconies from which the summons to prayer is cried by the muezzin spire : church :: minaret : mosque minatory adj. of a menacing or threatening nature; minacious
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minatory <> reassuring, non-threatening, welcoming mince to walk with very short steps or with exaggerated primness; to speak in an affected way sip : drink :: mince : walk quaff : sip :: stride : mince : punch : hit mind * to bring (an object or idea) to mind; remember; to give heed to attentively in order to obey mind : obedience :: mind <> like mindful adj. attentive; heedful mindful <> unaware, oblivious oblivious adj. lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention mine n. a pit or excavation in the earth from which mineral substances are taken mine : ore :: quarry : rock mineshaft n. a vertical or sloping passageway made in the earth for finding or mining ore and ventilating underground excavations. mineshaft : mine :: aquifer : water (passageway for B) mineshaft, shaft : lode :: well : aquifer aquifer n. a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or gravel lode n. waterway; an ore deposit mingle to mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics; to mix so that the components become united; merge mingle <> separate sequester <> permit to mingle minion n. an obsequious follower or dependent; a sycophant minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner (=) minion <> mastermind mint n. a vast sum or amount to make (as coins) out of metal : COIN strike : medal :: mint : coin mint <> modicum strike n. a quantity of coins or medals struck at the same time minuscule adj. very small; tiny small : minuscule :: moist : saturated minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish minute * adj.. exceptionally small n. the official record of the proceedings of a meeting minute : agenda :: log : itinerary minute <> gargantuan gargantuan adj. of immense size, volume, or capacity log n. the full record of a flight by an aircraft minutia * * n. a small or trivial detail minutia : details :: quibbles : objections
minutia <> essential point, crucial aspect, highlight, major concern, lengthy account, lengthy document, main concern, vital feature, critical elements, major point, major aspect miracle prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence ordinary <> miraculous mirage n. something illusory or insubstantial maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory maelstrom n. a violent or turbulent situation mire * * * n. wet spongy earth; a troublesome or intractable situation to cause to sink or become stuck in or as if in mire; to hinder entrap, or entangle as if in mire mire <> extricate, free, release, disentangle, simplify extricate to release from an entanglement or difficulty mire <> dry ground mire <> answer, solution mirth n. gladness or gaiety, especially when expressed by laughter mirth : laughter :: approval : applause misanthropy n. hatred or mistrust of humankind misanthrope : distrust :: apologist : defend misanthrope : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary misanthrope : people :: xenophobe : strangers beneficent : misanthropist :: ? : daredevil daredevil adj. recklessly bold misbehave to behave badly disapproval : castigation :: misbehavior : crime lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn reprobate n. a morally unprincipled person miscellaneous * adj. consisting of diverse things or members : HETEROGENEOUS mischievous adj. playful in a naughty or teasing way; troublesome; irritating mischievous : villainous :: sybarite : self-indulgent insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (=) rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy tightfisted adj. close-fisted; stingy brat n. a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one villainous adj. befitting a villain (as in evil, depraved, or vile character misconstruct * * to mistake the meaning of; misinterpret misconstruction : interpret :: delusion : belief (disguise : identity, misprint : revision ) misconstrue : interpret :: misjudge : assess construe to analyze the arrangement and connection of words in miscreant * * * * n. one who behaves criminally or viciously miscreant : criminal :: temporizer : compromising miscreant : villainous :: recidivist : relapsing :: sybarite : self-indulgent :: equivocator : evasive
miscreant <> law-abiding individual, saint temporize to draw out discussions or negotiations so as to gain time villainous adj. highly objectionable : WRETCHED recidivist n. one who relapses; an habitual criminal relapse to slip or fall back into a former worse state sybarite n. a person whose chief interests are luxury and the gratification of sensual appetites misdemeanor n. an offense less serious than a felony crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision (>) misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error misdemean <>behave miser n. one who lives very meagerly in order to hoard money miser : munificent :: zealot : blase miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent miser : stingy :: sage : judicious miser : thrift :: chauvinist : patriotism (>) frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant :: wary : paranoid munificent sage n. one venerated for experience, judgment, and wisdom spendthrift n. one who spends money recklessly or wastefully misfortune n. a bad fortune or ill luck b. the condition resulting from bad fortune or ill luck boon <> misfortune misgiving n. a feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension misgiving <> certainty compunction <> absence of misgiving compunction n. a strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt mishap * n. bad luck; an unfortunate accident ; With a little care you could have avoided this mishap catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment (>) mishap : accident :: peccadillo : offence, offense :: foible : fault (A< fortune, good luck foible n. a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior : WEAKNESS oxymoron n. a combination of contradictory or incongruous words mislead to lead in the wrong direction; to lead into error of thought or action, especially by intentionally deceiving mislead : disabuse :: (#) mislead <> disabuse disabuse to free from a falsehood or misconception misnomer n. an error in naming a person or place; a. application of a wrong name b. a name wrongly or unsuitably applied to a person or an object misread
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to read inaccurately; to misinterpret or misunderstand misread <> interpret correctly misrepresent to give an incorrect or misleading representation of; to serve incorrectly or dishonestly as an official representative of tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate mite n. a very small contribution or amount of money; a very small object, creature, or particle mite : creature :: speck : amount speck n. a tiny amount
talents, abilities, and value scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish modest <> brazen, cavalier, epic, flamboyant, haughty, imposing, immoderate modesty <> ostentation, rant immodest <> coy majestic <> modest, abject, pathetic pontificate to speak modestly modicum * * n. a small, moderate, or token amount inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity modicum <> mint, large amount, abundance mint n. an abundant amount, especially of money inkling n. a slight knowledge or vague notion
mitigate * * to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate mitigate : severe :: qualify : general mitigate : intensity :: abbreviate : length mitigate <> exacerbate, aggravate unmitigated <> attenuated qualify to make less harsh or strict : MODERATE exacerbate to reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form : MODIFY
mogul n. a very rich or powerful person; a magnate magnate , a powerful or influential person, especially in business or industry mogul <> nonentity
mnemonic n. a system to develope or improve the memory hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory :: regimen : health mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk hygiene n. conditions or practices (as of cleanliness) conducive to health regimen n. a systematic plan especially when designed to improve and maintain the health of a patient staff n. a long stick carried in the hand for support in walking
mold to give shape to mold : malleable :: hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel malleable adj. capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the pressure of rollers hem n. a border of a cloth article doubled back and stitched down garment n. an article of clothing ruffle n. a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge rim n. the edge or rim of a hollow vessel, a natural depression, or a cavity
mobility n. the quality or state of being mobile; the movement of people, as from one social group, class, or level to another splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery splint : immobilize :: duct : convey (A is for B) splint : immobilize :: sling : support purchase a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping mockery n. scornfully contemptuous ridicule; derision diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery mock : imitate :: taunt : challenge mockery <> tribute moderate adj.being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme; not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (#) moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness immoderate <> temperate, modest, mild, sensible, reasonable, ordinary moderate <> severe exorbitant adj. exceeding all bounds, as of custom or fairness perfidious , treacherous perfidy n. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery modest adj. having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own
molar n. a tooth with a rounded or flattened surface adapted for grinding rib : bone :: molar : tooth
mollify * * * to calm in temper or feeling; soothe; to lessen in intensity; temper; to reduce the rigidity of; soften mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure mollify : anger :: heart : dejection (#) mollify <> rouse, vex, rankle, antagonize, ire, pique, nettle, discomfit, exacerbate, exasperate, bait, rankle, chafe, enrage, incite to anger, provoke, madden, aggravate, intensify, make worse mollifying <> provoking, belligerent, caustic, harsh mollification <> inflammation rankle to cause persistent irritation or resentment ire n. intense and usually openly displayed anger pique to cause to feel resentment or indignation to provoke or arouse nettle to irritate; vex discomfit to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment : DISCONCERT exacerbate to make more violent, bitter, or severe exasperate to make more grievous : AGGRAVATE bait to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or persistent attacks disaffect to alienate the affection or loyalty of rankle to feel anger and irritation mollycoddle to be overprotective and indulgent toward chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle mollycoddle <> treat harshly
chide to scold mildly so as to correct or improve; reprimand pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse molt to shed periodically part or all of a coat or an outer covering, such as feathers, cuticle, or skin, which is then replaced by a new growth molt : feathers :: shed : hair molt : bird :: slough : snake fledging <> molt moment * n. importance in influence or effect atrocious : bad :: momentous : important (>) moment <> triviality, unimportance atrocious adj. extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel : BARBARIC momentum n. (physics) a measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity; (philosophy) an essential or constituent element; a moment oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter monarch n. person who reigns over a kingdom or empire: as mongrel n. an individual resulting from the interbreeding of diverse breeds or strains; especially: one of unknown ancestry mongrel <> purebred monochromatic adj. having or consisting of one color or hue iridescent <> monochromatic chromatic <> colorless iridescence n. a lustrous rainbowlike play of color caused by differential refraction of light waves monocle n. an eyeglass for one eye monocle : eye :: monologue n. a dramatic soliloquy; a long speech made by one person, often monopolizing a conversation opera : aria :: play : monologue monopolize to acquire or maintain a monopoly of; to dominate by excluding others monopolize <> share monotone adj. of or having a single color vociferous <> reticent, monotone monotonous <> piebald, multifarious, vociferous vociferous adj. making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous piebald adj. spotted or patched, especially in black and white multifarious; having great variety; diverse montage n. a single pictorial composition made by juxtaposing or superimposing many pictures or designs montage : images :: medley : songs zigzag : turns :: montage : images morale
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n. the state of the spirits of a person or group as exhibited by confidence, cheerfulness, discipline, and willingness to perform assigned tasks dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength dispirit to lower in or deprive of spirit; dishearten morass n. an area of low-lying, soggy ground; something that hinders, engulfs, or overwhelms haunt : familiar :: morass, harass : irritating moratorium n. (law) a. an authorization to a debtor, such as a bank or nation, permitting temporary suspension of payments; b. an authorized period of delay in the performance of an obligation moratorium : activity :: reprieve : punishment fast : consumption : repose : labor : moratorium : activity fast : eat :: moratorium : act moratorium : activity :: respite : labor :: repose : work :: tourniquet :bleeding :: brake : speed morbid adj. of, relating to, or caused by disease; pathological or diseased; psychologically unhealthy or unwholesome morbid <> wholesome, hale, salubrious hale adj. free from infirmity or illness; sound salubrious adj. favorable to or promoting health or well-being mordant * adj. bitingly sarcastic mordant <> genial, amicable, flattering amicable adj. characterized by friendly goodwill : PEACEABLE moribund adj. approaching death; about to die; on the verge of becoming obsolete moribund <> beginning, nascent, increasingly vital, current, hale, verdant nascent adj. coming into existence; emerging vital adj. full of life and vigor : ANIMATED current adj. RUNNING, FLOWING verdant adj. green with growing plants morose adj. sullenly melancholy; gloomy morose <> cheerful, sanguine, jovial, jocund, rejoicing, lighthearted, rejoiced sanguine adj. cheerfully confident; optimistic jovial adj. marked by hearty conviviality and good cheer rejoice to feel joy or great delight jocund adj. sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or quality mortar * n. a strong vessel in which material is pounded or rubbed with a pestle hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar mortar : grind :: canvas : paint :: vat : dye anvil n. a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal is shaped vat n. a water-insoluble generally fast dye used in the form of a vat liquor mortify
to cause to experience shame, humiliation, or wounded pride; humiliate; to discipline (one's body and physical appetites) by self-denial or self-inflicted privation embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle mosaic mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth (Real 19-5 10) piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic :: pixel : image jigsaw <> puzzle
muffle a. to wrap of pad in order to deaden the sound; to make vague or obscure muffle : sound :: assuage : grief muffled <> plangent, resonant plangent adj. having a loud reverberating sound resonant adj. continuing to sound : ECHOING
mosque n. building used for public worship by Muslims spire : church :: minaret : mosque
mulish * * adj. stubborn and intractable; recalcitrant mulish : persuade :: phlegmatic : move :: callous : move despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility mulish <> pliant, flexible despicable adj. deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
mosquito mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter (B prevent A)
mull to go over extensively in the mind; ponder
moth-eaten adj. old and timeworn; stale; shabby; decrepit moth-eaten <> fresh and new, vigorous
multifarious adj. having great variety; diverse multifarious <> monotonous, lacking diversity
motile adj. moving or having the power to move spontaneously motility <> stasis stasis n. a condition of balance among various forces; motionlessness
mumble to utter indistinctly by lowering the voice or partially closing the mouth; to chew slowly or ineffectively without or as if without teeth enunciate <> mumble
motivate to provide with an incentive; move to action; impel exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist exhort to urge by strong, often stirring argument, admonition, advice, or appeal motley adj. having elements of great variety or incongruity; heterogeneous; having many colors; variegated; parti-colored motley <> colorless, unique, unvaried, homogeneous, harmonious, uniform, identical mottle * to mark with spots or blotches of different shades or colors striated : groove :: mottled, dappled : spot mottle <> blanch mottled <> homogeneous, solid groove n. a long narrow channel or depression dappled adj. marked with small spots or patches contrasting with the background blanch to take the color out of solid adj. acting together; unanimous mournful adj. feeling or expressing sorrow or grief; sorrowful jovial <> mournful revelry <> mournfulness revelry adj. boisterous merrymaking movement stanza : poem :: movement : symphony muddy adj. not bright or pure b. not clear; cloudy, as with sediment; confused or vague muddy <> clear
mundane * adj. of, relating to, or typical of this world; secular; relating to, characteristic of, or concerned with commonplaces; ordinary mundane : originality :: lassitude : stir mundane <> exotic, extraordinary, unusual, spiritual, unearthly mundane <> inspired, fabulous, uncommon, remarkable lassitude n. a condition of weariness or debility : FATIGUE unearthly adj. not mundane : IDEAL inspired adj. of such surpassing brilliance or excellence as to suggest divine inspiration: an inspired musician; an inspired performance municipality n. a political unit, such as a city or town, incorporated for local self-government; a body of officials appointed to manage the affairs of a local political unit munificent * adj. very liberal in giving; generous; showing great generosity miser : munificent :: zealot : blasé munificent <> parsimonious munificence <> stinginess munificent <> mean, ungenerous, niggardly blasé n. apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment parsimonious adj. frugal to the point of stinginess niggardly adj. provided in meanly limited supply mural n. a very large image, such as a painting or an enlarged photograph, applied directly to a wall or ceiling petrograph, petroglyph : rock :: mural : wall murky adj. dark, dim, or gloomy; lacking clarity or distinctness; cloudy or obscure murky <> clear, limpid, lucid, pellucid pellucid adj. transparently clear in style or
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meaning murmur to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession of sounds; to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble croon : sing :: murmur : speak glimmer : dazzle :: murmur : resound mushroom to multiply, grow, or expand rapidly; to swell or spread out into a shape similar to a mushroom mushroom : fungus :: (A B ) :: musician * n. a composer, conductor, or performer of music mutation n. a significant and basic alteration : CHANGE mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation mutate <> remain the same mutability <> constancy, stability mute * to muffle, reduce, or eliminate the sound of; to tone down : SOFTEN, SUBDUE muted : color :: muffled : sound mute : sound :: dim : light mute <> amplify, clarion clarion adj. loud and clear mutinous adj. disposed to or being in a state of mutiny : REBELLIOUS; TURBULENT, UNRULY mutinous <> obedient mutter to speak indistinctly in low tones; to complain or grumble morosely mutter : indistinct :: drone : monotonous mutter <> speak distinctly myopia * * n. lack of discernment or long-range perspective in thinking or planning myopic <> discerning, farseeing, shrewd, farsighted myopia <> prescience shrewd adj. marked by clever discerning awareness and hardheaded acumen farsighted adj. having or showing foresight or good judgment : SAGACIOUS prescience n. knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight
n. the lowest point nadir <> summit, acme, topmost point, peak, apogee, zenith, pinnacle, apex acme n. the highest point, as of perfection nag to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging to torment persistently, as with anxiety or pain naïve * * * adj. lacking worldliness and sophistication; artless; simple and credulous as a child; ingenuous guileful : naive :: tardy : prompt naive <> worldly, disingenuous, calculating, experienced, sophisticated, cultivated naiveté <> deception, guileness, artfulness, disingenuity tardy adj. moving slowly : SLUGGISH worldly adj. of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairs calculating adj. marked by prudent analysis or by shrewd consideration of self-interest : SCHEMING narcissism n. excessive love or admiration of oneself narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious narcissism : love :: guilt : blame (>) narrative n. a narrated account; a story abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative narrow adj. of small or limited width, especially in comparison with length narrow <> catholic, ebullient nascent adj. coming into existence; emerging nascent <> moribund, fully established, mature, developed moribund adj. being in the state of dying : approaching death natty adj. neat, trim, and smart; dapper natty <> slovenly, sloppy, frowzy slovenly adj. untidy especially in personal appearance sloppy adj. SLOVENLY, CARELESS frowzy adj. having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance
myriad adj. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration myriad : number :: everlasting : duration myriad <> few, scarce, scanty untold adj. too great or numerous to count
nauseate to feel or cause to feel nausea to feel or cause to feel loathing or disgust vertigo : nauseate :: treat : cure
mysterious adj. exciting wonder, curiosity, or surprise while baffling efforts to comprehend or identify mysterious <> scrutable scrutable adj. capable of being deciphered : COMPREHENSIBLE
nebulous * adj. cloudy, misty, or hazy; lacking definite form or limits; vague nebulous <> distinct, unambiguous, clear, limpid, pellucid limpid adj. clear and simple in style pellucid adj. reflecting light evenly from all surfaces; easy to understand
N
needy adj. being in need; impoverished affluent <> needy
nadir * *
naysay to say no to; deny or oppose naysay <> concur
nefarious adj. infamous by way of being extremely wicked nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nefarious <> above reproach, virtuous, exemplary, beneficial, beyond reproach virtuous , exemplary , ; worthy of imitation; commendable negate to make ineffective or invalid; nullify; to rule out; deny negative negation <> affirmation negligent adj. characterized by or inclined to neglect, especially habitually negligence <> care negotiate to confer with another or others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations negotiator : agreement :: mediator : compromise tenacious <> negotiable clog n. something that shackles or impedes stalemate n. deadlock; a state of inaction or neutralization resulting from the opposition of equally powerful uncompromising persons or factions tenacious adj. not easily pulled apart : COHESIVE nemesis n. a formidable and usually victorious rival or opponent nemesis <> benefactor neologism n. a new work, expression, or usage; a meaningless word coined by a psychotic neologism <> archaism, well-established expression neophyte n. a recent convert to a belief; a proselyte inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel neophyte : experience :: boor : sensitivity nepotism * * n. favoritism shown or patronage granted to relatives, as in business nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality nepotism : kinship :: jingoism : nationality nepotism : kinship :: egalitarianism : equality cronyism n. favoritism shown to old friends without regard for their qualifications, as in political appointments to office embezzle to take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust jingoism n. extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy chauvinism n. excessive or blind egalitarianism n. a belief in human equality especially with respect to social, political, and economic rights and privileges nerve * to give strength or courage to
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appall <> embolden, nerve nervy <> diffident, self-effacing appall to fill with consternation or dismay diffident adj. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence nestle to settle snugly and comfortably; to lie in a sheltered position nestle <> flinch, recoil, shrink shrink to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) nether adj. situated down or below : LOWE; situated or believed to be situated beneath the earth's surface nether <> aloft, upper, uprose nettle * to string with or as if with a nettle; to irritate; vex imputable : nettle :: nettle <> conciliate, gratify, mollify imputable adj. possible to impute or ascribe conciliate to become friendly or agreeable gratify to give in to : INDULGE, SATISFY mollify to soothe in temper or disposition : APPEASE neutralize to make neutral; to counterbalance or counteract the effect of; render ineffective neutralize : effectiveness :: (A remove B) nexus n. a means of connection; a link or tie; a connected series or group; the core or center nexus <> disconnected components, hiatus nexus <> trivial point nibble * * to bite at gently and repeatedly; to eat with small, quick bites or in small morsels; to wear away or diminish bit by bit nibble : eat :: sip : drink :: glean : acquire (whine : talk, grin : smile swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble nibble <> gobble, guzzle sip to drink in small quantities glean to gather information or material bit by bit quaff to drink deeply gobble to swallow or eat greedily guzzle to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or habitually swill to drink or eat freely, greedily, or to excess nice * adj. possessing, marked by, or demanding great or excessive precision and delicacy nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody nice <> imprecise, inexact nicety <> impreciseness spoof n. HOAX, DECEPTION; a light humorous parody niggard n. a meanly covetous and stingy person : MISER niggard <> generous nil n. nothing; zero nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter nimble * adj. quick, clever, and acute in devising or understanding
nimble : clumsiness :: nimble <> clumsy, awkward, inept, maladroit, sluggish, lethargic, fumbling, bumbling fumble to make awkward attempts to do or find something bumble to speak ineptly in a stuttering and faltering manner nip to sip (alcoholic liquor) in small amounts nip : drink :: jot : write jot to write down briefly or hastily nitpick * to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details; QUIBBLE, CARP, CAVIL nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon cavil to find fault unnecessarily; raise trivial objections quibble to evade the point of an argument by caviling about words nitrogen n.질소 nitrogen : element : biology : science nocturnal adj. of, relating to, or occurring in the night diurnal, happening during daytime <> nocturnal diurnal adj. recurring every day noisome * adj. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; foul; harmful or dangerous noisome : repugnance :: noisome <> beneficial, pleasant, healthy, appealing, attractively fragrant, savory nomad n. a member of a group of people who have no fixed home and move ing to the seasons from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing land nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer nomadic <> settled nominal adj. insignificantly small; trifling nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nominal : figurehead :: absolute : autocrat nonchalant * adj. having an air of easy unconcern or indifference anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite :: unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary nonchalance <> perturbation nonchalant <> affected, perturbed, anxious, concerned, attentive perturb to disturb greatly in mind : DISQUIET noncommittal * adj. giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling ; not revealing what one feels or thinks noncommittal <> confirmative, decisive, outgoing, reckless(?) outgoing adj. directed to an intended recipient; openly friendly and responsive reckless adj. marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences nonconformity n. refusal to conform to an established or conventional creed, rule, or practice
nondescript * adj. lacking distinctive or interesting qualities : DULL, DRAB nondescript : note :: rare : collect nondescript <> conspicuous, striking, remarkable, outstanding nonentity n. a person regarded as being of no importance or significance dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence nonentity <> mogul, luminary dilettante n. a person having a superficial interest in an art or a branch of knowledge : DABBLER mogul n. a great personage : MAGNATE luminary n. a person of prominence or brilliant achievement nonflammable adj. not flammable, especially not readily ignited and not rapidly burned impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible impervious adj. incapable of being penetrated or affected nonplus to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do; bewilder nonplus : perplexity :: infuriate : rage nonsense n. things of no importance or value nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast drivel to talk stupidly and carelessly pompous adj. excessively elevated or ornate bombast n. pretentious inflated speech or writing nostrum n. a medicine whose effectiveness is unproved and whose ingredients are usually secret; a quack remedy; a favorite but untested remedy for problems or evils notch n. a V-shaped cut serrated <> without notches, smooth notoriety adj. the quality or state of being notorious notoriety <> anonymity, low profile, obscurity nourish to provide with food or other substances necessary for life and growth; feed; to foster the development of; promote; to keep alive; maintain nourish : food :: finance : money novel ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: dance : step novelist : book :: cartographer : map (conductor : symphony ) novelty n. something new and unusual; an innovation threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness timeworn, banal <> novel noxious adj. harmful to living things; injurious to health noxious, injurious <> beneficial, salubrious, harmless, innocuous, sanitary, wholesome salubrious adj. conducive or favorable to health or wellbeing nuance * *
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n. a subtle or slight degree of difference, as in meaning, feeling, or tone; a gradation nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion nuance <> patent difference, obvious difference, lack of subtleness, sharp distinction, literal meaning nuanced <> patent patent adj. readily visible or intelligible : OBVIOUS nucleate to bring together into a nucleus; to act as a nucleus for nucleate <> disseminate, scatter nudge to push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod nudge : push :: butt : head :: nudge : elbow nugatory * adj. of little or no importance; trifling nugatory : worth :: capricious : deliberation nugatory : worth :: banal : originality nugatory <> consequential consequential adj. having significant consequences : IMPORTANT nuisance n. one that is annoying, unpleasant, or obnoxious : PEST nuisance <> help, pleasure, comfort nullify to make of no value or consequence numb adj. deprived of the power to feel or move normally; benumbed; emotionally unresponsive; indifferent benumbed : feel :: immobilized : move numb <> sensate numberless adj. INNUMERABLE, COUNTLESS numberless : enumerate :: vast : measure nurture to nourish; feed; to educate; train nurture : child :: cultivate : crop nurturing : growth :: nurture <> withhold sustenance from, disregard, stunt, impede adj. fail to support sustenance n. FOOD, PROVISIONS stunt to check the growth or development of
O oaf n. a stupid person : BOOB; a big clumsy slowwitted person oasis glade : wood :: oasis : desert oath n. a solemn, formal declaration or promise to fulfill a pledge, often calling on God or a sacred object as witness oath : promise :: contract : agreement obdurate * * * *
adj. hardened in wrongdoing or wickedness; stubbornly impenitent; not giving in to persuasion; intractable firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate :: frugal : penurious penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (#) obdurate : budge :: lachrymose : cheer (not to B) obdurate : move :: irrepressible : quell (not to B) obdurate, intransigent <> amenable, complaisant, flexible, pliable, easily swayed, tractable, pliant, toward, yielding, swayable, compliant frenetic adj. wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied penurious adj. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality penitent adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT budge to MOVE, SHIFT lachrymose adj. tending to cause tears : MOURNFUL irrepressible adj. impossible to repress, restrain, or control quell to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity sway to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another compliant adj. ready or disposed to comply : SUBMISSIVE
cowardice : intimidate :: perplexity : obfuscate obfuscate <> elucidate, illuminate, explain clearly, clarify, demystify obfuscated, obfuscatory <> explicit, lucid delineate <> obfuscate, muddle, cloud, confuse euphemism n. the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant willful adj. done deliberately : INTENTIONAL demystify to eliminate the mystifying features of muddle to mix confusedly plausible adj. superficially pleasing or persuasive lucid adj. clear to the understanding : INTELLIGIBLE
obedient * adj. dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or instructions of one in authority obedience : deference :: imperial, contumacious <> obedient obedience <> archness, resistance, defiance, nonconformity obedient <> willful contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious arch adj. marked by a deliberate and often forced irony, brashness, or impudence defiance n. disposition to resist : willingness to contend or fight
obliging adj. ready to do favors for others; accommodating visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (>) discommode <> oblige discommode to put to inconvenience; trouble
obeisance * * n. a movement of the body made in token of respect or submission : BOW; DEFERENCE, HOMAGE obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection (SIGN) obeisant <> impertinent, impudent, imperious impudent adj. characterized by offensive boldness impudent adj. lacking modesty obey to carry out or fulfill the command, order, or instruction of; to carry out or comply with (a command, for example) obey : deference :: obey <> break, command, disregard, order, transgress, violate obfuscate * to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to perceive or understand equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity (without) coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing (=) obfuscate : confusion :: dedicate : devotion rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible
obituary n. a notice of a person's death usually with a short biographical account roster : staff :: obituary : death roster ; obligatory adj. morally or legally constraining; binding; of the nature of an obligation; compulsory obligation <> betrayal, treason, disobedience discretionary, selective, elective <> obligatory oblige to constrain by physical, legal, social, or moral means; to make indebted or grateful elected : obliged ::
oblique * * adj. not straightforward : INDIRECT; OBSCURE oblique <> direct, straightforward, linear, truthful, open, honest, aboveboard linear adj. having or being a response or output that is directly proportional to the input
obliterate * * to do away with completely so as to leave no trace to wipe out, rub off, or erase (writing or other markings) obliterate : remove :: distract : confuse :: inspire : infuse inter : burial :: obliterate : removal obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (>) ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate unexpurgated <> obliterated obliterate <> create, preserve, validate, restore, establish infuse to INSPIRE, ANIMATE inter to place in a grave or tomb; bury ineffable adj. incapable of being expressed; indescribable irradicable adj. impossible to eradicate : DEEPROOTED expurgate to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or erroneous oblivious * adj. lacking all memory; forgetful; lacking conscious awareness; unmindful erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect oblivious : attentive :: (#) forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse oblivious <> aware, vigilant, mindful, cognizant fame <> oblivion, obscurity (unpopular )
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erudite adj. possessing or displaying erudition : LEARNED fathom n. COMPREHENSION forgo to abstain from; relinquish disuse n. the state of not being used or of being no longer in use cognizant adj. full informed; conscious obloquy n. abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny adulation, veneration <> obloquy
obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern (>) firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous :: intimate : close focus : obsession :: obsolete adj. no longer in use; outmoded in design, style, or construction obsolete <> under consideration obsolescence <> currency
obnoxious adj. very objectionable; odious; exposed to harm, injury, or evil disarming <> obnoxious obscene n. disgusting to the senses : REPULSIVE; abhorrent to morality or virtue; specifically : designed to incite to lust or depravity obscenity <> decency decency n. conformity to standards of taste, propriety, or quality obscure * * adj. not clearly seen or easily distinguished : FAINT; not readily understood or clearly expressed; MYSTERIOUS obscure : clarify :: legendary, explicit, manifest <> obscure obscure <> clarify, elucidate, define, distinct, unequivocal obscure <> famous, obvious obscurity <> celebrity, certitude, clarity, limelight elucidate to make clear or plain, especially by explanation certitude n. the state of being or feeling certain limelight n. a focus of public attention obsequious * adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious : deferential condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious : frugality obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery obsequious <> supercilious, imperious, assured supercilious adj. feeling or showing haughty disdain condescending adj. displaying a patronizingly superior attitude dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices frugal adj. sparing; marked by or practicing careful restraint (as in the use of resources) penurious adj. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality attentive adj. heedful of the comfort of others; SOLICITOUS parsimonious adj. frugal to the point of stinginess observable adj. capable of being observed : DISCERNIBLE observable <> indiscernable observatory : astronomy :: observe : scrutinize :: question : grill grill to question intensely
obstacle n. one that opposes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede :: explanation : enlighten blandishment n. something that tends to coax or cajole cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle obstinate adj. stubbornly adhering to an attitude, an opinion, or a course of action; obdurate obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless :: thin : emaciated tractable <> insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate obstinacy <> tractability flappable adj. easily excited or upset intransigent adj. refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme position or attitude incorrigible adj. not manageable : UNRULY; UNALTERABLE obstreperous * adj. : stubbornly resistant to control : UNRULY obstreperous : control :: resolute : dissuade guileless : cunning :: obstreperous : restraint obstreperous <> disciplined resolute adj. marked by firm determination : RESOLVED obstruct to block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle to impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth obstruct <> facilitate, abet occluded <> unobstructed obstructed <> unoccluded obstructionist <> one who facilitates stunt to check the growth or development of occlude to cause to become closed; to prevent the passage of obtrusive adj. undesirably prominent obtrusive : ignore :: elusive : capture :: ambiguous : understand (hard to B) obtuse adj. lacking quickness of perception or intellect; not sharp, pointed, or acute in form; blunt rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse restive : calm :: keen : obtuse parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (#) impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness obtuse : perspicuity ::
obtuse <> acute, keen, insightful, perspicacious, precise perspicacious obtuseness <> acumen rectitude n. moral uprightness; righteousness transgress to violate a command or law : SIN restive adj. stubbornly resisting control : BALKY parsimonious adj. excessively sparing or frugal impertinent adj. given to or characterized by insolent rudeness perspicacious adj. of acute mental vision or discernment : KEEN; SHREWD obviate * * * to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary obviate : unnecessary :: whet : sharp emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller obviate <> make necessary, necessitate whet to sharpen by rubbing on or with something obvious * adj. easily discovered, seen, or understood occlude to cause to become closed; obstruct; to prevent the passage of occluded <> unobstructed obstructed <> unoccluded occult * adj. available only to the initiate; secret; hidden from view; concealed occult <> bare, patent, readily fathomable, manifest, apparent, clear, obvious bare adj. open to view : EXPOSED fathom to penetrate and come to understand occurrence n. the act or an instance of occurring; something that takes place prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence ode ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody odious * * * adj. arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting odious : disgust :: menacing : fear odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear odious : loathe :: reputable : respect odious : pejorative :: odiousness <> esteem blatant adj. noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner arresting adj. catching the attention : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE menace to act in a threatening manner reputable adj. enjoying good repute : held in esteem pejorative adj. tending to disparage or belittle : DEPRECIATORY odium * n. the state or quality of being odious; strong dislike, contempt, or aversion odium <> esteem, hankering, infatuation, homage, respect, reverence hanker to have a strong, often restless desire infatuate to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or admiration homage n. expression of high regard
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vacuous <> omniscient offbeat * adj. ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONAL offbeat <> conventional, hackneyed, bathetic bathos n. exceptional commonplaceness, adj. bathetic offend to cause displeasure, anger, resentment, or wounded feelings in to be displeasing or disagreeable to deferential : offend :: scornful : respect equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense :: obfuscation : clarity euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend politic : offend :: aloof : associate peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: knoll : hill :: creek : river :: hillock : mountain glitch a minor malfunction, mishap, or technical problem offhand adj. without preparation or forethought; extemporaneously offhand <> premeditated officious adj. volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed : MEDDLESOME attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish (A << B + excess) (absorbed : engrossed (=) ) engross to occupy exclusively; absorb officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (>) officious : attentive :: parsimony : frugal (>) officious <> pertinent, unobtrusive obliging ready to do favors for others; accommodating offish adj. inclined to be distant and reserved; aloof offish, standoffish : aloof :: callous : insensitive offish <> sociable standoffish adj. aloof or reserved off-key adj. being out of with what is considered normal or appropriate off-key <> dulcet, at the proper pitch
olfaction n. the sense of smell olfaction : odor :: gustation : flavor ominous adj. menacing; threatening; of or being an omen, especially an evil one auspicious <> ominous omnipotent adj. having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force; all powerful omnipotent <> powerless omnipresent adj. present everywhere simultaneously omniscient adj. having total knowledge; knowing everything
onerous adj. troublesome or oppressive; burdensome onerous <> requiring little effort, effortless, easy, unexacting exacting adj. requiring careful attention and precision onset n. BEGINNING, COMMENCEMENT onset <> termination onset <> desisting, end desist to cease to proceed or act; stop opacity * n. the quality or state of being opaque;obscurity; impenetrability b. dullness of mind opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid opacity <> transparency, clarity transparency n. picture (as on film) viewed by light shining through it or by projection opaque adj. hard to understand or explain airproof : air :: opaque : light :: soundproof : noise slack : tension :: opaque : translucence opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid :: nonporous : liquid opaque <> diaphanous, transparent opaque <> clarify opine to hold or state as an opinion augur : predict :: pundit : opine :: recidivist : relapse opportune adj. suited or right for a particular purpose opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience opportune <> inconvenient, untimely, inappropriate oppose to be in contention or conflict with; to be resistant to oppose : thwart :: treat : cure oppress to keep down by severe and unjust use of force or authority; to weigh heavily on oppression : disagreement :: (>) opprobrious adj. expressing contemptuous reproach; scornful or abusive opprobrious : blameless :: opprobrious <> irreproachable opprobrium <> good repute optimal adj. most desirable or satisfactory; optimum optimization : improve :: invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve invincible adj. incapable of being overcome or defeated opulent adj. possessing or exhibiting great wealth; affluent; characterized by rich abundance; luxuriant opulent <> spartan spartan adj. marked by strict self-discipline or selfdenial
oracle n. a person giving wise or authoritative decisions or opinions mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy mentor a wise and trusted counselor or teacher orator n. one distinguished for skill and power as a public speaker oration : hear :: novel : read orator : address :: preacher : sermon orchestra orchestra : musician, violinist s:: pack : wolf pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe ordinary adj. commonly encountered; usual ordinary <> miraculous, inimitable, uncanny miraculous adj. preternatural, phenomenal inimitable adj. defying imitation; matchless ore n. a mineral or an aggregate of minerals from which a valuable constituent, especially a metal, can be profitably mined or extracted mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone orient to ascertain the bearings of orient <> confuse original adj. preceding all others in time; first babble : sense :: parrot :: originality hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliche : originality (#) hodgepodge n. a mixture of dissimilar ingredients; a jumble banal adj.commonplace, trite original pastiche n. original work ornery adj. having an irritable disposition : CANTANKEROUS ornery <> benign, expansive expansive adj. disposed to be open, communicative, and generous; outgoing ornithology n. a branch of zoology dealing with birds ornithology : eaglet, eagle :: astronomy : planet orthodox adj. adhering to the accepted or traditional and established faith, especially in religion orthodox : doctrine :: religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group dissenter n. nonconformist oscillate * * to move or travel back and forth between two points; to vary between opposing beliefs, feelings, or theories oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter (2002 ) oscillation <> imperturbation, absence of variation oscillate <> remain static, remain in still momentum Physics. A measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. ossify to change into bone; become bony; to become set in a rigidly conventional pattern depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility ligneous : wood :: osseous : bone
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ossify <> transcend conventions, make pliant ossified <> amenable to change ligneous adj. of or resembling wood ostensible * * adj. being such in appearance : plausible rather than demonstrably true or real ostensible <> substantial, genuine, inward, real, actual, authentic ostensible <> inapparent, hidden, questionable, doubtful, uncertain, equivocal ostentatious * adj. marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and sometimes pretentious display; SHOWY ostentatious : adornment :: ostentatious : pretentious :: ostentation <> modesty, artlessness, austerity ostentatious <> meek, modest, unassuming, unobtrusive, unpretentious, quiet, humble austerity n. enforced or extreme economy meek adj. not violent or strong : MODERATE unassuming adj. not arrogant or presuming, retiring ostracize * * to exclude from a group; to banish by ostracism, as in ancient Greece pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine ostracize <> take in, welcome, include, embrace, invite to join, accept ostracism <> acceptance to a group pariah n. outcast; one that is cast out or refused acceptance oust to eject from a position or place; force out; to take the place of, especially by force; supplant oust <>instate instate to establish in office; install outgoing adj. going out or away; departing; sociable and responsive to others; friendly extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting outlandish adj. conspicuously unconventional; bizarre outlandish <> conventional outlandish : propriety :: outlaw n. lawless person or a fugitive from the law outlaw : illegal :: obviate : unnecessary outmaneuver to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever maneuvering to excel in maneuverability outmaneuver <> yield outmoded * * * adj. not in fashion; unfashionable; no longer usable or practical; obsolete outmoded <> original, current, usable, acceptable, in style, futuristic futuristic adj. very modern outset n. the beginning; the start outset <> termination outshine to shine brighter than
outstanding adj. standing out from a group : CONSPICUOUS outstanding <> mediocre, unexceptional, least, worst, minor, ordinary outwit to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit taunt to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner provoke to incite to anger or resentment overbearing adj. domineering in manner; arrogant; overwhelming in power or significance; predominant unassuming, meek <> overbearing unassuming adj. not arrogant or presuming : MODEST, RETIRING meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE overdose n. an excessive dose, especially of a narcotic overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment dose : medicine :: current : river overexposure to expand or disperse beyond a safe or reasonable limit; to obligate (oneself) beyond a limit, especially a financial one overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune overhaul to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs overhaul : revision :: scrutinize : inspection overhaul <> skim skim to read, study, or examine superficially and rapidly overlap to lie or extend over and cover part of; to have an area or a range in common with infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap (#) inconsonant : concord :: scatter : overlap (#) overlook to look past : MISS; IGNORE overlook : apparent :: ignore : blatant (if B, hard to A) overlook : inconspicuous :: lead : tractable :: predict : consistent (if B, easy to A) oversee to watch over and direct; supervise; to subject to scrutiny; examine or inspect overt adj. open and observable; not hidden, concealed, or secret clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly (=) overt : surreptitious :: (#) overt <> shadowy, surreptitious surreptitious adj. done, made, or acquired by stealth : CLANDESTINE overture * n. an introductory section or part, as of a poem; a prelude overture : introduction :: anthem : praise veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory overture, prelude : introductory :: caveat : warning, cautionary preamble : introductory :: caveat : cautionary overture : symphony :: preface : book
overture : opera :: preamble : statute coda <> overture anthem n. a song or hymn of praise or gladness veto n. an authoritative prohibition : INTERDICTION caveat n. a legal warning to a judicial officer to suspend a proceeding until the opposition has a hearing preamble n. an introductory statement statute book n. the whole body of legislation of a given jurisdiction whether or not published as a whole coda n. a concluding musical section that is formally distinct from the main structure overwhelm to surge over and submerge; engulf; to defeat completely and decisively b. to affect deeply in mind or emotion overwrought adj. excessively nervous or excited; agitated; extremely elaborate or ornate; overdone oxymoron n. a rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined [ex. crowded solitude] apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
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P pachyderm n. any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals (as an elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig) most of which have a thick skin pachyderm : animal :: ant, aphid : insect pacify to ease the anger or agitation of; to end war, fighting, or violence in; establish peace in pacify : infuriate :: (#) solace : grief :: pacification : anger tantrum <> pacification rankle, incite, vex, gall <> pacify, appease, soothe discommode <> pacificate, ease, mollify pacific <> truculent, choleric solace n. comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress tantrum n. a fit of bad temper rankle to cause persistent irritation or resentment gall to irritate, vex discommode to put to inconvenience truculent adj. feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL, SAVAGE choleric adj. easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger : hot-tempered pack n. a group or pile of related objects orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf pact n. a formal agreement, such as one between nations; a treaty; a compact; a bargain compact an agreement or a covenant covenant a binding agreement; a compact padding * pad to furnish with a pad or padding;MUTE, MUFFLE padding : damage :: disguise : recognition padding : damage :: dam : flood :: levee : flooding paean n. (music) a song of joyful praise or exultation; fervent expression of joy or praise paean : song :: elegy : poem paean : joy :: dirge : grief :: madrigal : love paean <> harsh lampoon dirge n. song or hymn of grief or lamentation madrigal n. a medieval short lyrical poem in a strict poetic form lampoon n. a harsh satire usually directed against an individual painstaking adj. marked by or requiring great pains; very careful and diligent pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative cursory <> painstakingly thorough painstaking <> slipshod, careless palliate to moderate the intensity of cursory adj. performed with haste and scant attention to detail slipshod adj. CARELESS, SLOVENLY palatable * adj. agreeable to the palate or taste palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest palate : mouth :: ceiling : room palatable <> vapid, unsavory savory adj. pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of effective seasoning palate n. the roof of the mouth separating the mouth from the nasal cavity
palatial adj. of or suitable for a palace palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city, metropolis palatial : magnificent :: Spartan : austere hovel n. a small, wretched, and often dirty house bucolic adj. relating to or typical of rural life palette n. the range of colors used in a particular painting or by a particular artist palette : color :: repertoire : play (index : book ) pall to become insipid. boring, or wearisome pall <> interest, intrigue palliate * to make (an offense or crime) seem less serious; extenuate to make less severe or intense; mitigate symptom : palliative :: pain : analgesic enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous caustic <> palliating, genial palliate <> exacerbate, worsen, increase intensity nerve n. power of endurance or control enfeeble to deprive of strength; make feeble exacerbate to increase the severity, violence, or bitterness of pallid adj. having an abnormally pale or wan complexion; lacking in radiance or vitality; dull pallor n. unnatural paleness pallid <> rubicund, piquant, sparkling, robust, sanguine, rosy, colorful, vivid, fresh rubicund adj. ruddy; having a healthy reddish color piquant adj. having a lively arch charm sanguine adj. BLOODRED; CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC rosy adj. having a pinkish usually healthy-looking complexion palmy adj. FLOURISHING, PROSPEROUS palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity palpable * * adj. capable of being handled, touched, or felt; tangible; easily perceived; obvious palpable : touch :: pliable : mold : eatable : eat palpable <> subtle, elliptical, imperceptible palpability <> intangibility, obscurity, distortion impalpable <> clear pliable adj. adjustable to varying conditions elliptical, elliptic adj. of or relating to deliberate obscurity palpitate * to beat rapidly and strongly : THROB palpitate : beat :: skyrocket : ascend palpitate <> be calm, steady skyrocket to cause to rise or increase abruptly and rapidly ascend to rise from a lower level or degree palter * to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; to talk or act insincerely or misleadingly; equivocate palter : candor :: budge : diehard (A lack B) palter : candor :: betray : loyalty palter : equivocate :: (A=B) palter <> candor
budge to move or stir slightly; to alter a position or attitude die-hard adj. stubbornly resisting change or clinging to a seemingly hopeless or outdated cause paltry * * * adj. lacking in importance or worth; trivial; wretched or contemptible paltry : covet :: despicable : admire, adore (not to B) paltry : significance :: random : predictability paltry <> significant, important, substantial, considerable covet to wish for enviously despicable adj. deserving to be despised pan to criticize or review harshly pan : harsh :: barb : caustic pan <> rave, extol, eulogize rave to talk with extreme enthusiasm panache n. dash or flamboyance in style and action panache <> humility, unremarkable behavior, dullness pancreas n. a large lobulated gland of vertebrates that secretes digestive enzymes and the hormones insulin and glucagon insulin : pancreas :: bile : liver pandemic adj. widespread; general; occurring over a wide geographic area and affecting an exceptionally high proportion of the population pandemic : disease :: conflagration : fire pandemic <> limited pandemic <> endemic endemic adj. belonging or native to a particular people or country conflagration n. a large disastrous fire pandemonium n. a very noisy place; wild uproar or noise pandemonium <> serenity pander to act as a go-between or liaison in sexual intrigues; function as a procurer to cater to the lower tastes and desires of others or exploit their weakness panegyric * * n. elaborate praise or laudation; an encomium panegyric : complimentary :: (c) panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell panegyric <> anathema, condemnation, denunciation valediction n. an act of bidding farewell anathema n. someone or something intensely disliked or loathed usually used as a predicate nominative eulogize to speak or write in high praise of : EXTOL panorama n. an unbroken view of an entire surrounding area; an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every direction panoramic <> narrow pantechnicon
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pantechnicon : furniture :: pantry n. a small room or closet, usually off a kitchen, where food, tableware, linens, and similar items are stored pantry : comestible, food :: armory : weapons :: closet, wardrobe : clothes comestible n. food parable n. a simple story illustrating a moral or religious lesson parable : story :: homily : lecture paradigmatic * adj. an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype paradigm, paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard corrective : amend :: paradigm : exemplify paragon n. a model of excellence or perfection paradise pleasurable : paradisical :: tiring : grueling paradox n. a seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise paradoxical congruent, common apophasis n. allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned paragon * n. a model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example paragon : excellent :: hoax : fraudulent paragon : exemplary :: amendment : corrective paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard paragon : mediocre :: martinet : lenient (A B + OPPOSITE) travesty <> paragon mediocre n. moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary martinet n. a strict disciplinarian lenient adj. of mild and tolerant disposition travesty n. a debased, distorted, or grossly inferior imitation paralyze * to affect with paralysis; to make powerless or ineffective paralyze <> invigorate, enable, strengthen paramount * 1. of chief concern or importance painful : agonizing :: important : paramount paramount : importance :: farthest : remoteness (>) paramount <> unimportant, ancillary, lowliest ancillary adj. subordinate paranoia n. a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur, often strenuously defended with apparent logic and reason; extreme, irrational distrust of others enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia :: admiring : idolatrousness paraphrase
n. a restatement of a text or passage in another form or other words, often to clarify meaning paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise (#) verbatim n. using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word parch to make extremely dry, especially by exposure to heat to make thirsty steep <> parch parenthesis n. one or both of the curved marks ( ) used in writing and printing to enclose a parenthetical expression or to group a symbolic unit in a logical or mathematical expression enclose : parentheses :: separate : comma parenthesis : explanation :: ellipsis : omission pariah * n. a social outcast pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine parity n. equality, as in amount, status, or value parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent parity : equable :: (A=B, :) parity <> inequality, incommensurateness commensurate adj. equal in measure or extent : COEXTENSIVE
parlance n. a particular manner or speaking; idiom gait : walk :: parlance : speak parliament n. a formal conference for the discussion of public affairs parliament : legislation :: court : appeal parochial adj. narrowly restricted in scope or outlook; provincial parochial <> ecumenical parody n. a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in ridicule parody : style :: mime : gesture ode : poetry :: spoof : parody spoof n. a light humorous parody paroxysm n. a sudden outburst of emotion or action paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive ruse n. a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge subterfuge n. a deceptive stratagem or device parquetry n. work in the form of usually geometrically patterned wood laid or inlaid especially for floors fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor (A decorate B) parquet : wood :: mosaic : glass parrot to repeat or imitate, especially without understanding babble : sense :: parrot : originality (LACK) parry * to deflect or ward off (a fencing thrust, for example); to deflect, evade, or avoid duty : shirk :: question : parry parry : question :: deflect : criticism :: shirk : duty
deflect to turn aside or cause to turn aside adj. bend or deviate parse to describe grammatically by stating the part of speech and explaining the inflection and syntactical relationships scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specimen n. an individual, item, or part considered typical of a group, class, or whole dissect to analyze and interpret minutely parsimonious * * * * adj. frugal to the point of stinginess craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift (#) curt : words :: parsimonious : resource parsimonious : waste :: taciturn : speak (not to B) parsimony : waste :: teetotaler : alcohol miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride (>) tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (=) brat a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (#) parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen (#) hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence (>) parsimonious : prodigal :: (#) largesse <> parsimony parsimonious <> wasteful, liberal, profligate, prodigal, munificent, lavish, generous, extravagant craven adj. characterized by abject fear; cowardly curt adj. sparing of words : TERSE teetotalism n. the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic drinks miser n. one who is extremely stingy with money skimp to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or effort to or funds for malinger to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or work shirk to evade the performance of an obligation; evade peremptory adj. characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assurance insurgent n. one who acts contrary to the policies and decisions of one's own political party hubris n. exaggerated pride or self-confidence tightfisted adj. reluctant to part with money brat n. an ill-mannered annoying child largesse n. generosity of spirit partial adj. of, relating to, being or affecting only a part; not total; incomplete partial <> dispassionate particularize to mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or specify illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details partisan n. a fervent, sometimes militant supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans patriot : country :: partisan : cause partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect
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circumspect adj. heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent partition n. something that divides partition <> unity passionate adj. showing or expressing strong emotion; ardent pastiche n. a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that imitates the style of previous work pastiche <> original work pastoral adj. of or relating to the countryside : not urban pastoral <> urban pat adj. exactly suited to the purpose or occasion pat <> not suitable, unrehearsed patchwork n. needlework consisting of varicolored patches of material sewn together, as in a quilt patent adj. obvious; plain; open to public inspection accessible, patent abstruse, not evident, occult, recondite patent <> vague, hidden, disguised, ambiguous nuance <> patent difference occult <> bare, patent patent <> not evident, recondite, abstruse occult adj. not revealed : SECRET bare adj. open to view : EXPOSED recondite adj. hidden from sight : CONCEALED
patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (=) patronize <> boycott peeve to make peevish or resentful : ANNOY paucity n. smallness of number; fewness; scarcity; dearth paucity <> slew, profusion, plethora, abundance, excess, glut slew a large amount or number; a lot plethora n. EXCESS, SUPERFLUITY; PROFUSION, ABUNDANCE glut n. an excessive quantity : OVERSUPPLY paunchy adj. having a potbelly svelte <> paunchy and awkward svelte adj. slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim pauper n. one who is extremely poor peaceable adj. not contentious or quarrelsome pebble n. a small usually rounded stone, especially one worn smooth by erosion droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide peccadillo n. a small sin or fault glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error, sin, offense peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture :: mishap : accident :: creek :: river :: knoll : hill :: hillock : mountain peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff
pathogen n. an agent that causes disease, especially a living microorganism stimulation : arousal :: pathogen : diseasing (A cause B)
peck to kiss briefly and casually peck : kiss :: glance : look peck : kiss :: peep : sound peep to peek furtively; steal a quick glance
pathology n. a departure or deviation from a normal condition pathological <> normal
pedagogue n. a schoolteacher; an educator pedagogue : instruct :: exponent : advocate stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate indoctrinate to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments : TEACH
patina n. an appearance or aura that is derived from association, habit, or established character patina <> essential quality patrician n. a person of high birth : ARISTOCRAT base <> patrician patriot n. one who loves, supports, and defends one's country patriot : country :: partisan : cause patriotic : chauvinistic :: receptive : gullible patron n. a person chosen, named, or honored as a special guardian, protector, or supporter patron : support :: apologist : defend patronize * to act as a patron to; support or sponsor; to treat in a condescending manner condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery
pedantic * * * adj. narrowly, stodgily, and often ostentatiously learned; UNIMAGINATIVE, PEDESTRIAN pedant : learning :: martinet : discipline :: dandy : dress (chicanery :trickery ) mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish (<) moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned (>) outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor pedantic <> hasty martinet n. a a strict disciplinarian dandy n. a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal appearance mawkish adj. sickly or puerilely sentimental prude n. a woman who shows or affects extreme modesty saucy adj. impertinently bold and impudent hasty adj. done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise, impetuous erudition n. deep, extensive learning histrionic adj. excessively dramatic or emotional; affected
pedestal n. an architectural support or base, as for a column or statue pedestal : statue :: foundation : house predestine to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain predestine <> leave to chance pedestrian * * adj. COMMONPLACE, UNIMAGINATIVE pedestrian : surprise :: pedestrian <> admirable, inspired, imaginative, uncommon, marvelous, rarefied, noble, inspired rarefied adj. of, relating to, or interesting to a select group : ESOTERIC; very high pediatrics n. a branch of medicine dealing with the development, care, and diseases of children pediatrics : children :: dermatology : skin peel n. the skin or rind of a fruit peep to utter short, soft, high-pitched sounds, like those of a baby bird; to peek furtively; steal a quick glance peep : sound :: peck : kiss :: pinch : quantity peer n. a person who has equal standing with another or others, as in rank, class, or age peer <> a subordinate person peerless adj. being such as to have no match; incomparable peerlessness <> equality peeve adj. annoyed or resentful pontificating, patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (=) peeved : annoy :: saturated : wet placate <> peeve pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way peevish adj. querulous or discontented b. ill-tempered peevish good-natured, simple pejorative adj. disparaging; belittling pejorative <> laudatory, meliorative meliorate to make better; improve pelf n. wealth or riches, especially when dishonestly acquired pelf : impecunious :: experience : green green adj. deficient in training, knowledge, or experience pell-mell n. in mingled confusion or disorder pell-mell <> orderly pellucid adj. transparently clear in style or meaning venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand murky <> pellucid, clear, limpid
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venial adj. easily excused or forgiven; pardonable pen swan : pen :: sheep : ewe
pep * n. brisk energy or initiative and high spirits pep <> languor, enervation languor n. weakness or weariness of body or mind
penalty n. a punishment established by law or authority for a crime or an offense exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty
perambulate to walk through; to inspect (an area) on foot foot : perambulate :; eye : observe
penchant * n. a definite liking; a strong and continued inclination penchant <> aversion, dislike, repugnance repugnance n. strong dislike, distaste, or antagonism pendulum n. a body suspended from a fixed point so as to swing freely to and fro under the action of gravity and commonly used to regulate movements (as of clockwork) (시계추) penetrate to enter or force a way into; pierce; to pierce or enter into something; make a way in or through something. impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable penetrating <> obtuse impervious adj. not allowing entrance or passage ineluctable adj. not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable knead to form or shape by or as if by kneading penetrating * adj. having the power of entering, piercing, or pervading; ACUTE, DISCERNING penetrating <> obtuse penetrating <> obtuse, dull, imperceptive; gentle, mild, soothing, sweet obtuse adj. lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or intellect : INSENSITIVE, STUPID penitent * * adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT, penetrating penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (#) penitent : obdurate :: humility : arrogant penitent : contrition :: belligerent : aggression penitent : remorse :: penitence <> obduracy penitent <> obdurate rueful, contrite, remorseful <> impenitent remorse adj. moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret rue to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for contrite pensive adj. deeply, often wistfully or dreamily thoughtful lamentable : pensive :: museful : ruminative (=) pent adj. shut up : CONFINED, REPRESSED pent <> liberal, broad, wide penurious * * n. given to or marked by extreme stinting frugality frugal : penurious :: firm : obdurate incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy penury, penuriousness <> affluence, largesse penurious <> lavish, spendthrift incognizant adj. lacking knowledge or awareness; unaware lavish adj. expended or produced in abundance
perceive * * to attain awareness or understanding of perceivable : discernable :: impulsive : spontaneous perceive <> neglect perceivable : discern:: perceptible adj. capable of being perceived by the senses or the mind relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious perceptible : hidden :: immaterial : tangible percipient adj. capable of or characterized by perception : DISCERNING percipient : discernment :: perdition n. a archaic : utter destruction b obsolete : LOSS perdition <> salvation peregrinate to walk or travel over : TRAVERSE peregrinate <> stick to one place peremptory * * adj. not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative dispute; offensively self-assured; dictatorial peremptory : imperativeness :: ponderous : weightiness parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn (not to B) peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (not to B) peremptory <> open to challenge, humble, modest, self-effacing efface to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous imperative adj. having power to restrain, control, and direct perennial adj. lasting or active through the year or through many years; lasting an indefinitely long time; enduring perennial <> fleeting fleeting adj. passing quickly; ephemeral perfervid adj. extremely or extravagantly eager; impassioned or zealous; IMPASSIONED perfervid <> impassive, tepid perfidy * * * adj. deliberate breach of faith; calculated violation of trust; treachery exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty (#) perfidious : trust :: disreputable : esteem (impatient : calmness ) perfidy : credibility :: perfidious <> faithful, loyal, trustworthy perfidy <> fealty, faithfulness, fidelity, loyalty, honesty
fealty n. the fidelity of a vassal or feudal tenant to his lord perforate to pierce, punch, or bore a hole or holes in; penetrate perforate : hole :: pleat : fold :: stipple : dot perforate <> caulk pleat n. a fold in cloth made by doubling material over on itself caulk to make watertight or airtight by filling or sealing perfunctory * * adj. done routinely and with little interest or care; acting with indifference; showing little interest or care perfunctory : depth :: insolent : veneration (#) perfunctory : depth :: obstinacy : flexibility perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration perfunctory <> enthusiastic, careful, meticulous, conscientious insolent adj. exhibiting boldness or effrontery : IMPUDENT veneration n. respect or awe inspired by the dignity, wisdom, dedication, or talent of a person conscientious adj. METICULOUS, CAREFUL perigee n. the point nearest a planet or a satellite (as the moon) reached by an object orbiting it - compare APOGEE perigee <> apogee peril n. a. imminent danger; exposure to the risk of harm or loss peril <> security perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator perimeter n. (mathematics) a. a closed curve bounding a plane area b. the length of such a boundary country : border :: circle : perimeter periodical adj. periodic; published at regular intervals of more than one day magazine : periodical :: mystery : fiction peripatetic * adj. walking about or from place to place; traveling on foot peripatetic <> stationary, rooted, sedentary stationary adj. fixed in a station, course, or mode sedentary adj. permanently attached peripheral * * adj. of minor relevance or importance; auxiliary immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center (#) peripheral : pivotal :: crux <> peripheral element peripheral <> central, in essence, crucial, vital, pivotal, intrinsic, needed periphery <> important part, core, center, central area crux n a main or central feature pivotal adj. vitally important : CRUCIAL intrinsic adj. belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a thing perish to die or be destroyed, especially in a violent or untimely
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manner; to pass from existence; disappear gradually perish <> survive perjure to render (oneself) guilty of perjury by deliberately testifying falsely under oath perjure <> depose, attest perjury n. (law) the deliberate, willful giving of false, misleading, or incomplete testimony under oath; the breach of an oath or a promise oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition (#) calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony (#) perjury <> truthful deposition, testimony permanent adj. lasting or remaining without essential change; not expected to change in status, condition, or place evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent (#) opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience transitory : permanence :: achromatic : hue extinction <> perpetuation, permanence interim, ephemeral, labile <> permanent, perpetual transience <> permanence permanent <> transitory evanescent adj. tending to vanish like vapor; TRANSIENT erratic adj. having no fixed course; WANDERING perpetual adj. continuing forever : EVERLASTING interim n. an interval of time between one event, process, or period and another ephemeral adj. lasting a very short time permeable adj. that can be permeated or penetrated, especially by liquids or gasses permeate to spread or flow throughout; pervade knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid impenetrate : permeable :: penetrate : impermeable :: change : immutable :: profane : inviolable waterproof <> permeable impermeable <> easily penetrated diaphanous <> impermeable of light permissive adj. granting or inclined to grant permission; tolerant or lenient permissiveness <> intolerance permute * to change the order of permute : rearranged :: condense : abridged permute <> make stable, keep consistently pernicious adj. tending to cause death or serious injury; deadly; causing great harm; destructive pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead (easy to B) pernicious, virulent <> salutary, salubrious disingenuous adj. not straightforward or candid; crafty virulent adj. extremely poisonous or venomous salutary adj. promoting health : CURATIVE perorate
to conclude a speech with a formal recapitulation; to speak at great length, often in a grandiloquent manner; declaim peroration : speech : coda : sonata coda n. a concluding musical section that is formally distinct from the main structure perpetrate to bring about or carry out (as a crime or deception) : COMMIT perpetual * adj. lasting for eternity; continuing or lasting for an indefinitely long time constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish perpetual : eternity :: fretful : discontinuity perpetuity : time :: perpetuation extinction transitory, transient, ephemeral, intermittent <> permanent, perpetual debunk <> perpetuate to sham perpetual<> transitory, ephemeral, transient perpetuity <>short in time, transitoriness eternity n. a seemingly endless or immeasurable time transitory adj. existing or lasting only a short time; short-lived or temporary debunk to expose the sham or falseness of perplex to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt; to make confusedly intricate; complicate perplex <> clarify, enlighten persecute to oppress or harass with ill-treatment, especially because of race, religion, sexual orientation, or beliefs to annoy persistently; bother persecute : injure :: haunt : remember (>) persevere to persist in or remain constant to a purpose, an idea, or a task in the face of obstacles or discouragement persevere : enduring :: persevere <> give up perseverance <> cessation of effort persiflage n. light good-natured talk; banter persiflage : frivolous :: persiflage : incite :: exhortation : motivate frivolous adj. lacking in seriousness exhortation n. language intended to incite and encourage persistent * * adj. existing for a long or longer than usual time or continuously persistence : tenacious :: urbaneness, urbanity : sophiscated persistence <> inconstancy, transience personable adj. pleasing in personality or appearance; attractive personable <> unattractive perspective n. the technique of representing 3-D objects and depth relationships on a 2-D surface perspicacious * * * * adj. having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clearsighted
perspicacity : hidden :: perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist (timidity : accost ) perspicacious : discernment :: perspicacious : discerning :: ravishing : attractive perspicacity : acute :: caprice : whimsical perspicacious : acumen : intrepid : courage perspicacious : dupe :: heroic : dastard perspicacious <> obtuse, undiscerned, dull, lack of discernment, lackluster, inattentive, imperceptive, unclear, vague, ambiguous perspicacity <> indiscernment perspicacious <> obtuse, undiscerning dupe n. one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL ravish to overcome with emotion (as joy or delight) intrepid adj. characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance dastard n. COWARD rectitude n. moral integrity : RIGHTEOUSNESS discern to come to know or recognize mentally lackluster adj. lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality : DULL, MEDIOCRE attentive adj. MINDFUL, OBSERVANT perspicuous adj. clearly expressed or presented; easy to understand perspicuous <> dull, unclear, vague, ambiguous perspicuity <> opacity, obtuseness opacity n. obscurity of sense : UNINTELLIGIBLENESS pert adj. trim and stylish in appearance; jaunty; highspirited; vivacious; impudently bold; saucy pertness <> politeness; seriousness pertain to have reference; relate; to belong as an adjunct, part, holding, or quality; to be fitting or suitable pertain <> be irrelevant pertinacious * adhj. holding tenaciously to a purpose, belief, opinion, or course of action; stubbornly or perversely persistent pertinacious : capitulate :: forthright : dissimulate inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory pertinacity : yield :: pertinacious <> tractable, pliable, irresolute, capricious, pliant pertinacity <> vacillation capitulate to cease resisting : ACQUIESCE refractory adj. resisting control or authority : STUBBORN pertinent * adj. having logical, precise relevance to the matter at hand pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity cogent : validity :: germane : pertinence immaterial <> pertinent, relevant pertinent <> irrelevant, immaterial pertinence <> lack of relevance cogent adj. appealing forcibly to the mind or reason germane adj. being at once relevant and appropriate immaterial adj. of no substantial consequence perturb to disturb greatly; make uneasy or anxious; to throw into great confusion impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy (not to B)
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stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (not to B) perturb : serenity :: reassure : doubt :: console : grief (#) perturbation <> serenity, equanimity impassive adj. unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion voracious adj. excessively eager : INSATIABLE avaricious adj. immoderately desirous of wealth or gain equanimity n. the quality of being calm and even tempered serene adj. marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude
petulant adj. unreasonably irritable or ill-tempered; peevish
adj. trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration restive : calm :: piddling : considerable (#)
phantom adj. ILLUSORY phantom <> actual
piebald adj. spotted or patched, especially in black and white piebald <> monotonous pied <> solid-colored pied adj. patchy in color; splotched or piebald
peruse to read or examine, typically with great care peruse : smattering :: stare : leer peruse <> glance at
philanthropic adj. of, relating to, or marked by philanthropy; humanitarian philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality :: philanthropic : mercy philanthropist : endow :: prevaricator : mislead :: apostate : defect philanthropist : eleemosynary :: prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE eleemosynary adj. of, relating to, or supported by charity endow to make a grant of money providing for the continuing support or maintenance of apostasy n. abandonment of a previous loyalty defect to forsake one cause, party, or nation for another often because of a change in ideology
pervade to become diffused throughout every part of; permeate pervasive : avoid :: rigid : bend pervade <> relieve, empty, withdraw, leave pervasive <> not widely distributed, narrowed, narrowly distributed pervasiveness <> limited distribution perverse adj. directed away from what is right or good; perverted pervert to cause to turn away from what is right, proper, or good; corrupt; to bring to a bad or worse condition; debase pessimism n. a tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view pesticide n. a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide herbicide n. weed-killer pestle n. a club-shaped, hand-held tool for grinding or mashing substances in a mortar hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar awl : pierce :: pestle : hash pestle : grind :: flint stone : spark :: spice : flavor :: whetstone : sharpen :: spoon : stir petition to make a request, especially formally minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary petrify to convert (wood or other organic matter) into a stony replica by petrifaction petrify : stone :: evaporate : vapor petroglyph, petrograph n. a carving or line drawing on rock, especially one made by prehistoric people petroglyph, petrograph : rock :: mural : wall petty * adj. of small importance; trivial petty : notice :: contemptible : respect contemptible adj. SCORNFUL, CONTEMPTUOUS
phenomenal adj. EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLE, OUTSTANDING phenomenal <> ordinary, unexceptional, commonplace
philately n. the collection and study of postage and imprinted stamps : stamp collecting philatelist : stamps :: numismatist : coins philistine n. a person who is guided by materialism and is usually disdainful of intellectual or artistic values dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated philistine <> aesthete philippic n. a verbal denunciation characterized by harsh, often insulting language; a tirade brevity : epigram :: condemnation, vituperation : philippic philosophical adj. characteristic of a philosopher, as in equanimity, enlightenment, and wisdom phlegmatic * * * adj. having or showing a slow and stolid temperament; IMPASSIVE intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke (not to B ) phlegmatic : unsettled :: (#) phlegmatic : arouse :: intrepid : daunt phlegmatic : vivid ::sluggish : agile phlegmatic : stolid : peripatetic : itinerant phlegmatic : stolidity :: basic : simplicity phlegmatic <> unsettled, spirited, vivacious, sprightly, lively, vivid, exhilarated, effervescent intractable adj. not easily governed, managed, or directed vivacious adj. lively in temper, conduct, or spirit; SPRIGHTLY exhilarate to make cheerful effervesce to show liveliness or exhilaration piddling
pigment n. substance that imparts black or white or a color to other materials albino : pigment :: prairie : tree (LACK) pigment : color :: spice : flavor pilfer to steal (a small amount or item) abscond : depart :: pilfer : take :: lurk : wait (DEFECTIVE) pillar n. a slender, freestanding, vertical support; a column colonnade : pillar :: queue : person stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support derelict <> pillar of society pillory to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn punish : pillory :: tell : proclaim pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute pillory <> exalt, praise publicly pilot n. a person who steers a ship pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra pinch n. an amount that can be held between thumb and forefinger; a painful, difficult, or straitened circumstance pinch <> abundant amount pine to feel a lingering, often nostalgic desire; to wither or waste away from longing or grief longing : pine :: remorse : rue needle : pine :: leaf : oak pine <> show disinterest, become invigorated remorse n. moral anguish arising from repentance for past misdeeds; bitter regret rue to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for pinion * to disable or restrain by binding the arms; to bind fast : SHACKLE pinion <> emancipate, unfetter emancipate to free from restraint, control, or the power of another pinnacle * n. a tall, pointed formation, such as a mountain peak; the highest pint; the culmination pinnacle <> nadir, lowest point pinpoint n. something extremely small or trifling; a very small or sharp point; a point on a map marking a precise location or target pinpoint <> approximation, exam cursorily, imprecision
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pinpoint <> colossal, crop, elephantine, enormous, gargantuan, prodigious, tremendous piquant * * adj. pleasantly pungent or tart in taste; spicy; appealingly provocative b. charming, interesting, or attractive piquant : insipid :: stirring : stultifying piquant : pallid :: (#) piquant <> flat, vapid, insipid, pallid, balmy, bland, dull insipid adj. lacking taste or savor : TASTELESS stultify to impair, invalidate, or make ineffective vapid adj. lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force : FLAT pallid adj. lacking sparkle or liveliness : DULL pique * to cause to feel resentment or indignation; to provoke; arouse pique <> mollify, gratify, calm, appease, compliment, assuage, flatter pirate n. one who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without commission from a sovereign nation pirate : take :: forge : copy pitch n. the property of a sound and especially a musical tone pitch : sound :: color : light pitfall n. an unapparent source of trouble or danger; a hidden hazard pitfall <> safety pith n. the essential or central part; the heart of essence pith <> unimportant point, superficial element, insignificant part pithy * adj. precisely meaningful; forceful and brief pithy : concise :: replete : abundant pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature pithy <> prolix, verbose, diffuse, wordy, insubstantial, insignificant, loquacious (unsubstantial ) circumlocution <> pithy utters pithy <> incoherently prolix prolix adj. marked by or using an excess of words; wordy diffuse adj. being at once verbose and illorganized unsubstantial adj. not substantial : lacking substance, firmness, or strength pitiless adj. having no pity; merciless pitiless <> clement pittance n. a very small amount pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream pittance : money, allowance :: rivulet : stream (A = small B) cornucopia, abundance, crop <> lack, pittance rivulet n. a small brook or stream; a streamlet cornucopia n. an inexhaustible store : ABUNDANCE crop n. plants that are grown in large quantities for food
pixel n. any of the small discrete elements that together constitute an image image : pixel :: mosaic : tile placate * to allay the anger of, especially by making concessions; appease inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated irascible : placate :: insensate : conscious (#) placating <> galling placate <> peeve, rile, antagonize, disconcert, surprise, gall, foment, agitate inalienable adj. incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred implacable adj. not capable of being appeased, significantly changed, or mitigated propitiate to APPEASE, CONCILIATE irascible adj. marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger insensate adj. lacking animate awareness or sensation gall to IRRITATE, VEX peeve to cause to be annoyed or resentful rile to make agitated and angry : UPSET disconcert to disturb the composure of foment to ROUSE, INCITE placebo n. (medicine) a substance containing no medication and prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious salve n. a remedial or soothing influence or agency unctuous adj. : revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality innocuous adj. producing no injury : HARMLESS backdrop n. a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage vista n. a distant view through or along an avenue or opening : PROSPECT placid adj. undisturbed by tumult or disorder; calm or quiet placid <> disordered, chaotic, pell-mell plagiarize * * to use and pass off as one's own (the ideas or writings of another); to appropriate for use as one's own passages or ideas from (another) (표절) plagiarism : ideas :: rustler : cattle (A steals B) forgery n. the crime of falsely and fraudulently making or altering a document (as a check) rustle to steal cattle plague n. a disastrous evil or affliction : CALAMITY plague <> comfort plainspoken adj. frank; straightforward; blunt feigned <> plainspoken plaintive adj. expressing sorrow; mournful or melancholy plaintive : sorrow ::
plangent * adj. having a loud reverberating sound plangent <> muffled, muted plantation n. an area under cultivation plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria plasticity n. the ability to retain a shape attained by pressure deformation plasticity <> rigidity plateau n. an elevated, comparatively level expanse of land; a tableland plateau : change :: respite : activity (LACK) platitude n. lack of originality; triteness postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (=) equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal platitude : banal :: oxymoron : incongruous platitude <> original observation postulate to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary presume to suppose to be true without proof plaudit * n. enthusiastic expression of praise or approval plaudit <> disapprobation, harsh criticism, unfavorable criticism plausible adj. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible implausible <> believable, credible plausible <> unlikely, equivocal, far-fetched, improbable, unsubstantial, flimsy plausible, reasonable <> incoherent, incredible rationalize to make plausible obfuscate to make indiscernible far-fetched adj. IMPROBABLE flimsy adj. having little worth or plausibility incoherent adj. INCONSISTENT playbill n. a bill advertising a play and usually announcing the cast playbill : cast, actor :: letter : signature :: recipe : ingredient (?) recipe n. a set of instructions for making something from various ingredients pleat to fold perforate : hole :: pleat : fold perforate to make a hole through plebeian n. a member of the Roman plebs fusty : freshness :: plebeian: prestige plenitude n. an ample amount or quantity; an abundance plenitude <> dearth pleonasm n. the use of more words than those necessary to denote mere sense (as in the man he said) : REDUNDANCY pleonasm <> succintness plethora * n. a superabundance; an excess
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plethora <> dearth, shortage, paucity, scarcity, scantiness scanty n. limited or less than sufficient in degree, quantity, or extent; meager pliable * * adj. easily bent or shaped; easily influenced, persuaded, or swayed; tractable pliable : influence :: testy : annoy, offend pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory pliable : inflexible :: static : move pliable : manipulate :: marketable : sell pliable <> rigid, pertinacious testy adj. easily annoyed : IRRITABLE censorious adj. highly critical; expressing censure condemn to criticize pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious pliant * adj. easily bent or flexed; pliable; yielding readily to influence or domination; compliant pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend (easy to be B) pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated (#) pliant : yield :: evanescent : disappear pliant <> unyielding, mulish. obdurate, obstinate, intransigent, intractable, incorrigible, unbending, rigid, inflexible, inelastic ticklish adj. easily overturned modular n. constructed with standardized units or dimensions for flexibility and variety in use incorrigible adj. not manageable : UNRULY , UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE indomitable adj. incapable of being overcome, subdued, or vanquished; unconquerable plight n. a situation, especially a bad or unfortunate one plight <> favorable condition plod to move or walk heavily or laboriously; trudge haste : plodder :: courtesy : boor plod <> flit plodding <> easy and light, meteoric flit to move about rapidly and plot n. the plan or main story of a literary work cabal : association :: plot : plan joke : punch line :: plot : denouement choreography : dance :: plot : story taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan (DEFECTIVE) plot : plan :: inveigle : interest cabal n. a group engaged in such artifices and intrigues punch line n. the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that makes the point denouement n. the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in a literary work taunt to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner outwit to surpass in cleverness or cunning; outsmart infiltrate to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually inveigle to acquire by ingenuity or flattery cajole to urge with gentle and repeated appeals, teasing, or flattery; wheedle pluck * * n. courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds : dogged resolution
to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a pick pluck : quit :: pride : grovel (not to B) horn : blow :: harp : pluck pluck <> cowardice, coward, spinelessness pluck <> insert plucky <> craven grovel to abase oneself plucky adj. having or showing courage and spirit in trying circumstances plumage n. the covering of feathers on a bird plumage : bird :: foliage : bush plumb * * to examine closely or deeply; probe plumb : depth :: assess : value :: verify : accuracy plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter :: survey : poll :: gauge : pressure unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary : anonymous : identity plumb <> examine cursorily, superficially plumb <> horizontal unplumbed (unfathomed) vagary n. an extravagant or erratic notion or action assess to estimate the value of (property) for taxation plummet * * to fall straight down; to decline suddenly and steeply fall, descend : plummet :: move : dart :: utter : blurt plummet : fall :: swerve : turn (>) waft : plummet :: meander : dash (#) plummet : ascend :: (#) plummet <> ascend, rise sharply dart to move suddenly and rapidly swerve to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course waft to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over water meander to wander aimlessly or casually without urgent destination : RAMBLE plump 1. well-rounded and full in form; chubby; abundant, ample svelte <> plump svelte adj. slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim plurality n. a large number or amount; a multitude plurality <> rarity plutocracy n. government by the wealthy plutocracy : wealth :: gerontocracy : age poach to cook in simmering liquid; to appropriate (something) as one's own poach : cook ::
podiatry n. the medical care and treatment of the human foot ; chiropody podiatrist : feet :: dermatologist : skin podium n. a dais especially for an orchestral conductor polarity *
n. the particular state either positive or negative with reference to the two poles or to electrification (양극성) polarity <> coalescence, reconciliation, , connection polarize to induce polarization in; impart polarity to; to break up into opposing factions or groupings polarize <> make compatible, unify, coalesce coalesce to unite into a whole polemical adj. CONTROVERSIAL; engaged in or addicted to polemics : DISPUTATIOUS polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive polemical <> compromising, conciliatory, congruent invective adj. characterized by insult or abuse conciliate to make compatible : RECONCILE, APPEASE polish to make smooth and shiny by rubbing or chemical action; to remove flaws from; perfect or complete rustic, untutored, gauche <> polished gauche adj. lacking social polish; tactless politic * adj. using or marked by prudence, expedience, and shrewdness; artful; shrewdly tactful; sagacious in promoting a policy politic : offend :: aloof : associate politic <> unsophisticated, injudicious, officious(?), tactless, maladroit, unwise officious adj. volunteering one's services where they are neither asked nor needed : MEDDLESOME pollster n. one that takes public-opinion surveys; polltaker exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass exponent n. one that speaks for, represents, or advocates advocate to speak, plead, or argue in favor of pollyanna n. a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly optimistic polymorphous * adj. having, assuming, or occurring in various forms, characters, or styles : POLYMORPHIC polymorphous <> invariant invariant adj. CONSTANT, UNCHANGING pomp n. a show of magnificence : SPLENDOR pomp <> simplicity, modesty, unpretentiousness pompous * adj. characterized by excessive self-esteem or exaggerated dignity; pretentious; full of high-sounding phrases; bombastic pompous : bombast :: nonsensical : drivel :: exaggerated : hyperbole pompous : confident :: garish : colorful (>) pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless pompous <> modest bombast n. grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way scoff to mock at or treat with derision
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derision n. the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt drawl to speak slowly with vowels greatly prolonged bluster to blow in stormy noisy gusts prate to talk idly and at length; chatter ponder * * to reflect or consider with thoroughness and care ponder : consider :: scrutinize : observe (>) ponderable adj. considerable enough to be weighted or assessed; appreciable ponderable <> inappreciable ponderous adj. having great weight; lacking grace or fluency; labored and dull ponderous <> ethereal, gossamer, lively, slight ponderous <> vibrant, brisk, graceful and light, frisky ethereal adj. lacking material substance : IMMATERIAL gossamer adj. extremely light, delicate, or tenuous vibrant adj. pulsating with life, vigor, or activity brisk adj. frisky , energetic, lively, and playful frisky adj. PLAYFUL; LIVELY pontificate * to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way; to administer the office of a pontiff pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate: aimless pontificate : speak :: strut, swagger : walk pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed (=) pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade pontificate <> comment tentatively, suggest diffidently, speak tentatively, speak modestly, speak calmly, speak diffidently pontifical <> humble, meek strut to walk with pompous bearing; swagger peeve to cause to be annoyed or resentful rodomontade n. a bragging speech tentative adj. HESITANT, UNCERTAIN meek adj. not violent or strong : MODERATE porcelain n. a hard, fine-grained, sonorous, nonporous, and usually translucent and white ceramic ware clay : porcelain :: flax : linen glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: veneer : furniture pore n. one by which matter passes through a membrane pore : membrane :: door : room porcine adj. of, relating to, or suggesting swine porcine : pig :: leonine : lion porous adj. full of or having pores; admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices; easily crossed or penetrated fragile : break :: porous : penetrate porous : liquid :: transparent : light porous <> impenetrable portentous adj. eliciting amazement or wonder : PRODIGIOUS; full of unspecifiable significance
portentous <> regular, insipid, insignificant, inconsequential
subject n. one that is placed under authority or control
portfolio n. a portable case for holding material, such as loose papers, photographs, or drawings portfolio : securities :: dossier : reports
potentiate to make potent or powerful deactivate <> potentiate
portrait n. a pictorial representation (as a painting) of a person usually showing the face portrait : painting :: jazz : music :: biography : history portrait : person :: seascape : ocean seascape n. view or picture of the sea poseur n. one who affects a particular attitude, character, or manner to impress others poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness (LACK) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected poseur <> sincere person, sincerity recluse adj. marked by withdrawal from society : SOLITARY stickler n. one who insists on exactness or completeness in the observance of something derelict adj. lacking a sense of duty : NEGLIGENT posit to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary posit, postulate <> deny as false, deny posterity n. future generations; all of a person's descendants postulate to make claim for; demand; to assume or assert the truth, reality, or necessity of, especially as a basis of an argument postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal (c) postulate <> deny as false posture to assume an exaggerated or unnatural pose or mental attitude posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant posture <> behave naturally pot n. an enclosed framework of wire, wood, or wicker for catching fish or lobsters lobster : pot :: potable * adj. fit to drink water : potable :: meat : edible potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling potable <> undrinkable habitable adj. suitable to ive in or on; inhabitable potboiler n. a literary or artistic work of poor quality, produced quickly for profit doggerel : verse :: potboiler : article potentate n. one who has the power and position to rule over others; a monarch 2. one who dominate or leads a group or an endeavor virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power (A have B) potentate <> subject, powerless person
pout to exhibit displeasure or disappointment; sulk wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt pout <> grin wince to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress grin to draw back the lips and bare the teeth, as in mirth or good humor pragmatic adj. relating to matters of fact or practical affairs often to the exclusion of intellectual or artistic matters : practical as opposed to idealistic starry-eyed : pragmatic :: (#) impractical <> realized prairie n. an extensive area of flat or rolling, predominantly treeless grassland, especially the large tract or plain of central North America albino : pigment :: prairie : tree prate * * to talk idly and at length pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless prate : talk :: cavil : object prate : speak :: saunter : walk scoff to mock at or treat with derision cavil to raise trivial objections to saunter to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll preach to proclaim or put forth in a sermon; to advocate, especially to urge acceptance of or compliance with nitpicker : criticism :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil nitpick to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant details preamble n. an introductory occurrence or fact; a preliminary precarious * adj. dangerously lacking in security or stability precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) impervious : penetrable :: precarious : stable precarious <> stable, safe, secure, firmly grounded, certain spent adj. drained of energy or effectiveness : EXHAUSTED efficacy n. power or capacity to produce a desired effect precedent n. an act or instance that may be used as an example in dealing with subsequent similar instances preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession unique : precedent :: unexceptionable : oppose :: infinite : end unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent precede <> ensue preempt take precedence over unexceptionable adj. beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable
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ensue to take place afterward or as a result precipice n. a very steep or overhanging place precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness precipitous <> level, gradual sloping defile n. a narrow passage or gorge level adj. parallel with the plane of the horizon precipitant n. a substance that causes a precipitate to form when it is added to a solution solvent <> precipitant precipitate * adj. falling, flowing, or rushing with steep descent to fall or come suddenly into some condition PRECIPITOUS, STEEP; exhibiting violent or unwise speed precipitate <> retard, dilatory, deliberate precipitate <> impede, forestall dilatory adj. characterized by procrastination : TARDY impede to interfere with or slow the progress of forestall to OBSTRUCT, BESET precipitation n. a deposit on the earth of hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone precipitous adj. extremely steep; extremely rapid, hasty, or abrupt plateau : precipitous :: (#) plateau n.a relatively stable level, period, or state precipitous <> level, gradually sloping, slope slowly, guadual preclude * to make impossible, as by action taken in advance; prevent to exclude or prevent (someone0 from a given condition or activity preclude <> to make possible preclude <> enclose enclose to close in : SURROUND precocity n. exceptionally early in development or occurrence precursor n. one that precedes and indicates, suggests, or announces someone or something to come precursory <> derivative precursor <> sequel, sequela, sucessor, descendant, offspring derivative n. a substance that can be made from another substance sequel n. CONSEQUENCE, RESULT sequel n. a secondary result predecessor n. one who precedes another in time, especially in holding an office or a position legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor predestine to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain predestine <> leave to chance predilection
n. an established preference for something predilection <> propensity to dislike propensity n. an innate inclination; a tendency predicate to AFFIRM, DECLARE preeminent * adj. superior to or notable above all others preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preeminent <> negligible, subsidiary preeminence <> negligibility, unimportance preponderance n. superiority in weight, force, importance, or influence efface to bring to preeminent preempt to appropriate, seize, or take for oneself before others preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession preen to take pride or satisfaction in (oneself); gloat preen : self-satisfaction :: fume : anger (=) ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine preen <> ruffle, rumple fume to be in a state of excited irritation or anger hoard n. a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away dissemble to hide under a false appearance raffish adj. marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or crudeness ruffle to TROUBLE, VEX rumple to wrinkle or form into folds or creases preface * n. an introductory section, as of a speech preface : book :: overture : symphony preface <> epilogue, afterword, conclusion, appendix prefatory <> conclusive epilogue n. a concluding section that rounds out the design of a literary work appendix n. supplementary material usually attached at the end of a piece of writing preference * preference : insistence :: prefigure to suggest, indicate, or represent by an antecedent form or model; presage or foreshadow prefiguration <> derivative pregnant adj. carrying developing offspring within the body; weighty or significant; full of meaning inane <> expressive, meaningful, pregnant, significant, weighty inane adj. lacking sense or substance; empty prehensile adj. adapted for seizing or grasping especially by wrapping around prehensile <> unable to grasp prejudice n. an adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge or examination of the facts prejudiced <> disinterested
preliminary adj. prior to or preparing for the main matter, action, or business; introductory or prefatory premeditated adj. characterized by deliberate purpose, previous consideration, and some degree of planning premeditated <> impulsive, offhand, extemporized, accidental, spontaneous, unintentional, inadvertent, chance offhand adj. CASUAL, INFORMAL extemporize to IMPROVISE inadvertent adj. UNINTENTIONAL premonition n. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding; a warning in advance; a forewarning preoccupation n. the state of being preoccupied; absorption of the attention or intellect impartial : preoccupation :: preoccupation <> unconcern preponderant * * adj. having superior weight, force, importance, or influence preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight preponderant <> commensurate, secondary, subordinate, unimportant, subsidiary, insignificant, concomitant, negligible, minor, lesser preponderance <> minor, lesser, insignificance preeminent adj. superior to or notable above all others commensurate adj. corresponding in size, extent, amount, or degree concomitant ; occurring or existing concurrently prepossessing adj. serving to impress favorably; pleasing unprepossessing <> entrancing, winsome preposterous adj. contrary to nature, reason. or common sense; absurd preposterous <> commonsensical, reasonable, logical, rational prerogative adj. exclusive right or privilege held by a person or group, especially a hereditary or official right presage n. an indication or a warning of a future occurrence; an omen harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify harbinger n. one that indicates or foreshadows what is to come; a forerunner prescience * n. knowledge of actions or events before they occur; foresight dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict (clairvoyant : oversee ) prescience : future :: erudition : esoteric prescience : myopia :: mercurial : commitment prescience : foresee :: prescience <> myopia myopia n. lack of foresight or discernment : a narrow view of something
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prescribe * * to write or give medical prescriptions overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention (A is not to follow B) prescribe <> divest, relieve, follow overdose n. an excessive quantity or amount indiscretion n. IMPRUDENCE presentiment n. a sense that something is about to occur preservative n. something that preserves or has the power of preserving censorship : communication :: preservative : decay :: seal : leakage preservative : decay :: anchor : drift, shift press to force into service especially in an army or navy : IMPRESS press <> withdrawal prestige n. the level of respect at which one is regarded by others; standing eclipse : prestige :: enfeeble : vigor abase : prestige :: damp : ardor presumptuous adj. INSOLENT : going beyond what is right or proper; excessively forward transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety presumptuous : unruly :: presumptuous <> humble unruly difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule pretentious adj. expressive of affected, unwarranted, or exaggerated importance, worth, or stature pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove pretentious <> unaffected, unassuming admonition n. gentle or friendly reproof reprove to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent unassuming adj. not arrogant or presuming : MODEST, RETIRING
prickly adj. having prickles; causing trouble or vexation; thorny b. bristling or irritable prickly <> smooth
proclivity * n. a natural propensity or inclination; predisposition proclivity <> aversion, antipathy, disinclination
prim adj. stiffly formal and proper : DECOROUS prim <> improper, informal
procrastinate to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate (#) procrastinate <> hasten, rush procrastination <> diligence malcontent adj. dissatisfied with existing conditions husbandry n. the control or judicious use of resources
prime n. first in excellence, quality, or value prime <> uninitial primordial adj. being or happening first in sequence of time; original primordial <> most recent primp to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail primp : vain :: gloat : smug gloat to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction principal n. first, highest, or foremost in importance, rank, worth, or degree; chief queen : monarch :: principal : administrator principal <> subordinate principled * adj. exhibiting, based on, or characterized by principle principled <> unscrupulous unscrupulous adj. UNPRINCIPLED prissy adj. excessively or affectedly prim and proper
preternatural adj. out of or being beyond the normal course of nature; differing from the natural preternatural <> ordinary, prosaic
pristine * n. a. remaining in a pure state; uncorrupted by civilization pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation :: still : movement adulterate : pristine :: dismantle : united pristine : blemish :: pristine <> tainted, squalid, contaminated, corrupted by civilization, decayed blemish to mar or impair by a flaw taint to become affected with decay or putrefaction; spoil squalid adj. marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty
prevail to be greater in strength or influence; triumph prevail <> yield
privation n. lack of the basic necessities or comforts of life privation <> repletion
prevalent adj. widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or practiced prevalent <> unusual, absent prevalence <> absence, rareness
probe to explore with or as if with a probe; to delve into; investigate
prevaricate to stray from or evade the truth blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth prevaricator : mislead :: philanthropist : endow prevaricate : candid :: prevarication <> veracity veracity n. devotion to the truth : TRUTHFULNESS
probity * * n. complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness probity : disingenuous :: : probity <> mendacity, unscrupulousness, shiftiness, duplicity, shiftiness, crookedness (impertinence ) mendacious adj. given to or characterized by deception or falsehood or divergence from absolute truth unscrupulous adj. UNPRINCIPLED crooked adj. DISHONEST
procure to get by special effort; obtain or acquire procure <> relinquish prod to jab or poke, as with a pointed object; to goad to action; incite doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod rein <> prod prodigal * * * * adj. rashly or wastefully extravagant generosity : prodigality :: courage : rashness (<) mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal prodigal : conserved :: (#) parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend (>) prodigality : spending :: gluttony : eating prodigality <> husbandry, penury prodigal <> frugal, parsimonious, economical, thrifty, stingy, conserved mean adj. PENURIOUS, STINGY meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE parsimonious adj. excessively sparing or frugal prodigious adj. impressively great in size, force, or extent; enormous; extraordinary; marvelous prodigious <> slight prodigy n. a person with exceptional talents or powers prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence mediocrity : prodigy :: (#) prodigious : amaze :: mediocre adj. moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary profane * to treat with irreverence; to put to an improper, unworthy, or degrading use; abuse profane : inviolable :: pierce : impenetrable :: change : immutable(B is no to A) profane, impure <> inviolable, unviolated, treat reverently, moral, reverent, gracious impure adj. not pure inviolable adj. secure from violation or profanation reverent adj. WORSHIPFUL proffer to offer for acceptance; tender proffer <> retain, withhold proficient adj. having or marked by an advanced degree of competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learning
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proficient <> inept, incompetent profligate * * adj. given over to dissipation; dissolute; recklessly wasteful; wildly extravagant profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed loquacious, garrulous : words :: profligate : money parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance profligate <> parsimonious, frugal, economical, thrift, economized, provident profligacy <> temperance, frugality, stinginess solvent adj. able to pay all legal debts mercurial adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood impetuous adj. marked by impulsive vehemence or passion provident adj. FRUGAL, SAVING profundity n. great depth profundity <> superficiality shallowness <> profundity facile <> arduous, profound profuse adj. plentiful; copious; giving or given freely and abundantly; extravagant profuse <> stinting profusion <> paucity, scanty, skimpy paucity n. smallness of number; fewness; scarcity; dearth scanty n. barely sufficient or adequate; insufficient, as in extent or degree prognostication n. an act, the fact, or the power of prognosticating : FORECAST; FOREBODING prohibitive * adj. tending to prohibit or restrain; tending to preclude use or purchase veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory (c) prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute prohibitive <> reasonable prohibit <> vouchsafe peremptory adj. characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-assurance vouchsafe : to grant as a privilege or special favor projection n. a jutting out projection <> concavity concavity n. a concave line, surface, or space : HOLLOW prolific adj. producing young or fruit especially freely : FRUITFUL; causing abundant growth, generation, or reproduction proliferate <> dwindle, decrease in amount prolific <> barren, unproductive, unfruitful dwindle to become gradually less until little remains prolix adj. tediously prolonged; wordy aphorism : prolix :: euphemism : offensive concise, pithy, succinct, taciturn, terse <> prolix prolixity <> succinctness, conciseness, extreme brevity, rareness prologue n. an introduction or introductory chapter, as to a novel prologue : novel :: preamble : statute prologue <> epilogue prolong
to lengthen in duration; protract prolong <> truncate prominent adj. immediately noticeable; conspicuous; widely known; eminent prominent : notice :: lucid : understand prominent : important :: farthest : remote prominence <> unimportance, triviality, obscurity prominent <> inconspicuous eclipse <> make more prominent, bring to more prominent eclipse to reduce in importance or repute farthest adj. most distant especially in space or time remote adj. far removed in space, time, or relation promiscuous adj. not restricted to one sexual partner abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity promote to raise to a more important or responsible job or rank abate <> intensify, promote promulgate to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration; announce officially promulgate <> keep secrete, hide proofread * to read (copy or proof) in order to find errors and mark corrections proofread : document :: reconcile : account diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct reconcile to check (a financial account) against another for accuracy propagate to cause (an organism) to multiply or breed propagate <> check, fail to multiply propagation <> extirpation extirpate to destroy completely proper adj. correct or acceptable proper : proffer :: (c) proper : priggish :: frugal : parsimonious (<) proffer to present for acceptance : TENDER, OFFER priggish
propitiate <> incense, antagonize, denounce, arouse hostility inalienable adj. that cannot be transferred to another or others incense to cause to be extremely angry; infuriate propitious adj. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious unpropitious <> favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate unfavorable, inauspicious <> propitious auspicious , dire <> pleasant, fortunate, propitious, favorable proponent n. one who argues in support of something; an advocate proponent <> detractor proposal n. a plan that is proposed propriety n. the quality of being proper; appropriateness indecorous : propriety :: boorish : sensitivity propriety <> impertinentness prosaic * * adj. lacking in imagination and spirit; dull prosaic : extraordinary :: prosaic <> exceptional, imaginary, exciting, extraordinary, ingenious, preternatural, inspired preternatural adj. exceeding what is natural or regular : EXTRAORDINARY proscribe * * to denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid proscribed : permitted :: (#) proscribe <> sanction proscribed <> permitted proscription <> permission prosecute to initiate civil or criminal court action against mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction
propensity n. an often intense natural inclination or preference propensity <> aversion, antipathy, distaste
proselytize to induce someone to convert to one's own religious faith proselytizer : convert :: mediator : reconcile salesperson : buy :: proselytizer : convert :: swindler : cheat swindler proselytize : convert :: grandstand : impress reconcile to SETTLE, RESOLVE
prophecy n. an inspired utterance of a prophet, viewed as a revelation of divine will apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy prophet : prognostication :: :
prospect to search for or explore (a region) for mineral deposits or oil prospect : mineral :: investigate : information (A seek B) investigate to observe or inquire into in detail
prophylactic adj. guarding from or preventing the spread or occurrence of disease or infection prophylactic <> causing
prosperous adj. having success; flourishing palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (=) impecunious <> wealthy, prosperous, affluent prosperous <> depressed palmy adj. prosperous; flourishing impecunious adj. lacking money; penniless
propitiate to conciliate (an offended power); appease immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated (#) inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated
prostrate * to make (oneself) bow or kneel down in humility or
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adoration; to throw down flat prostrate <> erect, upright, strengthen, uphold, stand straightforward protagonist n. the main character in a drama or other literary work; a proponent; an advocate protean adj. readily taking on varied shapes, forms, or meanings circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid (#) protean <> static protest to object to, especially in a formal statement; to promise or affirm with earnest solemnity protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (>) supplicate to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying entreat to make an earnest request of protocol n. the forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage grammar : language :: protocol : conduct protract * to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong protract : length :: throng : number protract <> curtail, truncate, abridge, abbreviate, summarize, shorten, stretch protracted <> transient, curt throng to crowd together in great numbers protrude to push or thrust outward protrude <> concave protrusion n. the act of protruding : the state of being protruded; PROJECTION protrusion<> deep recess protuberant * * adj. swelling outward; bulging protuberant <> depressed, recessed protuberance <> concavity, depression, indentation indent to force inward so as to form a depression provident adj. making provision for the future : PRUDENT; FRUGAL, SAVING provident : spendthrift :: fervor : zealot provident <> profligate, spendthrift profligate adj. wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL spendthrift n. a person who spends improvidently or wastefully fervor n. intensity of feeling or expression providential adj. happening as if through divine intervention; opportune; LUCKY providential <> unfortunate, mishap mishap n. bad luck : MISFORTUNE provincial adj. limited in perspective narrow and selfcentered bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan provincial, factionalism <> ecumenical adj. lacking the polish of urban society; unsophisticated provincial <> refined
ecumenical adj. of worldwide scope or applicability provisional adj. provided or serving only for the time being definitive <> provisional provisory adj. depending on a proviso; conditional provisory <> unconditional provoke to incite to anger or resentment; to stir to action or feeling suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke (#) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit provoke : anger :: choleric <> difficult to provoke jejune <> thought provoking choleric adj. easily angered; bad-tempered jejune adj. devoid of significance or interest : DULL prowess n. superior strength, courage, or daring, especially in battle prowess <> timidity prowl to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey or plunder prowl : prey :: reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes proximate adj. very near : CLOSE b : soon forthcoming : IMMINENT : the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next proximal <> distinctive proximal <> distal, distant proximity <> distance proximate <> remote prude n. one who is excessively concerned with being or appearing; to be proper, modest, or righteous fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper (>) prudent adj. wise in handling practical matters; exercising good judgment or common sense prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish prudish : propriety :: finicky : quality fool <> prudent sagacity n. the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom
prune n. a plum dried or capable of drying without fermentation prune : plum :: raisin : grape prune to cut off or remove dead or living parts or branches of (a plant, for example) to improve shape or growth prune : hedge :: trim : hair pry to look or inquire closely, curiously, or inquisitively, often in a furtive manner prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful :: importune : request (>)
pry : watch :: connive : cooperative garish adj. excessively vivid : FLASHY importune adj. overly persistent in request or demand psalm n. a sacred song or poem used in worship psalm : poem :: church : building pseudonym n. a fictitious name assumed by an author; a pen name pseudonym : name :: mask : face psychology fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist pucker to gather into small wrinkles or folds astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal pucker : mouth :: squint : eye puckish * * adj. WHIMSICAL, MISCHIEVOUS puckish : staid :: drain : full puckish <> sober, grave, staid, serious staid adj. self-restraint : SOBER, GRAVE puddle n. a very small pool of usually dirty or muddy water puddle : lake :: (<) puerile * * adj. immature; childish puerile <> mature, prudent, (venerable) pugnacious adj. having a quarrelsome or combative nature; TRUCULENT; BELLIGERENT pugnacious <> pacific, agreeable, peaceful, conciliatory, attractive puissance n. POWER, MIGHT clout <> impuissance puissance <> powerlessness pulchritude * * n. great physical beauty and appeal pulchritude <> ugliness, hideousness, homeliness, unsightliness, unattractiveness pulchritudinous <> hideous hideous adj. exceedingly ugly homely adj. plain or unattractive in appearance unsightly adj. not pleasing to the sight : not comely pullet n. a young hen filly : horse :: pullet : chicken filly n. a young female horse usually of less than four years pulverize to pound, crush, or grind to a powder or dust; to demolish pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended pulverize <> solidify, make whole pun n. a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words pun : joke :: supernova : star :: termite : insect
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punch line n. the climax of a joke or humorous story joke : punch line :: plot : denouement punctilious adj. strictly attentive to minute details of form in action or conduct; precise; scrupulous dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated (#) punctilious <> remiss, slipshod, careless, easygoing, negligent, casual dawdle to spend time idly punctilious adj. CAREFUL philistine n. not capitalized remiss adj. negligent in the performance of work or duty slipshod adj. CARELESS, SLOVENLY puncture to make useless or ineffective as if by a puncture : DEFLATE puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled jar to make unstable : SHAKE pundit * * n. one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : CRITIC authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans pundit : opine :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: sycophant : fawn :: recidivist : relapse :: augur : predict allegiance n. devotion or loyalty to a person, group opine to state as an opinion recidivism n. a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or mode of behavior relapse to slip or fall back into a former worse state augur n. one held to foretell events by omens pungent adj. affecting the organs of taste or smell with a sharp, acrid sensation; penetrating, biting, or caustic pungent : odor :: caustic : comment pungency <> blandness punitive adj. inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment punitive <> rewarding puny adj. of inferior size, strength, or significance measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly puny <> enormous measly adj. contemptibly small purchase n. a grip applied manually or mechanically to move something or prevent it from slipping splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery peremptory : dispute :: prohibitive : purchase (A prevent B)
purist n. one who practices or urges strict correctness, especially in the use of words stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration heretic <> purist purist <> radical, liberal purity n. the quality or condition of being pure purify : imperfection :: verify : doubtfulness purification : dross :: desalinization : salt purist : adulteration :: stickler : approximation mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity distillate , , a purified form; an essence winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities winnow : grain :: purify : water distill : purity :: leaven : volume alloy : purity :: thinness : density (#) inviolable <> profane, impure taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (#) purlieu n. infrequently visited place, an infrequent, unfamiliar place purloin to steal, often in a violation of trust lurk : wait :: abscond : depart :: purloin : take :: defective, purloin : appropriate purvey to supply (food, for example); furnish; to advertise or circulate vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate pusillanimous * adj. lacking courage and resolution : marked by contemptible timidity; cowardly pusillanimous : intimidate :: (if A, make easily B) pusillanimous : coward :: obsequious : sycophant pusillanimous <> stouthearted, dauntless, valiant, gallant, heroic, courageous, valiant pusillanimity, circumspection <> temerity, valiance intimidate to make timid or fearful : FRIGHTEN stouthearted adj. : having a stout heart or spirit; COURAGEOUS valiant adj. : possessing or acting with bravery or boldness dauntless adj. incapable of being intimidated or discouragd gallant adj. SPLENDID, STATELY ; SPIRITED, BRAVE temerity n. foolhardy disregard of danger; recklessness putative adj. commonly accepted or supposed putative <> undisputed putrefaction n. the state of being putrefied : CORRUPTION
Q purebred adj. of or belonging to a recognized strain established by breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many generations hybrid <> purebred purgatory n. a place or condition of suffering, expiation, or remorse
quack n. an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and dispenses medical advice and treatment; a charlatan; a mountebank quack <> honest practitioner quaff to drink (a beverage) heartily
quaff : sip :: stride : mince :: delve : skim :: pound : tap (>) stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way mince to cut or chop into very small pieces delve to search deeply and laboriously skim to read, study, or examine superficially and rapidly quagmire n. a difficult, precarious, or entrapping position : PREDICAMENT quagmire : stuck :: quail to shrink back in fear quail <> become resolute, give bold quaint adj. odd, especially in an old-fashioned way; unfamiliar or unusual in character; strange quaint <> new, normal qualified adj. having the appropriate qualifications for an office, a position, or a task; limited, restricted, or modified mitigate : severe :: qualify : general (#) absolute, categorical, unreserved <> qualified, conditional categorical adj. being without exception or qualification; absolute unreserved adj. not limited or partial : ENTIRE qualm * n. a feeling of uneasiness about a point especially of conscience or propriety qualm : unscrupulous :: fear : dauntless (without) qualm : unscrupulous :: fear : intrepid (without) demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness (c) scrupulous adj. having moral integrity demur to DELAY, HESITATE irresolute adj. uncertain how to act or proceed : VACILLATING intrepid adj. characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and endurance quandary * n. a state of uncertainty or perplexity quandary : perplex :: quandary <> state of complete certainty, certitude, certainty quarantine n. a condition of enforced isolation embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination :: safeguard : accident quarrelsome adj. apt or disposed to quarrel in an often petty manner : CONTENTIOUS quarrelsome <> agreeable, peaceable, pacific quarry to obtain (stone) from a quarry, as by cutting, digging, or blasting; to extract (facts, for example) by long, careful searching mine : ore :: quarry : rock, stone quarry : marble :: mine : coal aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey aspirant adj. seeking to attain a desired position or status quartet
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quartet : singer :: score : note :: triptych : panel quash to put down or suppress forcibly and completely; to nullify especially by judicial action quash, quell <> engender, foment quash <> foster, provoke, abet, instigate quash <> sustain quell to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity engender to cause to exist or to develop : PRODUCE foment to ROUSE, INCITE foster to promote the growth or development of sustain to allow or admit as valid quartet n. a group or set of four quartet : singer :: triptych : panel :: score : note triptych n. a picture or carving in three panels side by side quatrain * n. a stanza or poem of four lines quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech couplet 2 , triplet 3 , sextet 6 , octave 8, sonnet 14 stanza n. a division of a poem consisting of a series of lines arranged together in a usually recurring pattern of meter and rhyme : STROPHE quaver to speak in a quivering voice; utter a quivering sound voice : quaver :: hand : tremble queasy adj. experiencing nausea; nauseated; causing uneasiness b. uneasy; troubled. queasiness : nauseating :: sleepiness : soporific soporific adj. causing or tending to cause sleep quell * * to put down forcibly; suppress; to pacify; quiet irrepressible : quell :: obdurate : move quell, quash, quench <> arouse, foment, instigate, rouse, incite, stir up quench to put out (a fire, for example); extinguish; to suppress; squelch quench <> ignite querulous * * adj. iven to complaining; peevish querulous : complain :: voluble : talk :: prodigal : spend querulous : complaint :: obsequious, sycophantic : flattery querulous : words :: profligate : money profligate adj. wildly extravagant : PRODIGAL query * to ask questions about especially in order to resolve a doubt query <> answer quest n. the act or an instance of seeking or pursuing something; a search quest : reply :: command : action questionnaire n. a printed form containing a set of questions, especially one addressed to a statistically significant number of subjects as a way of gathering information for a survey
queue n. a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles colonnade : pillar :: queue : person person : queue :: scene : panorama queue : people :: chain : link colonnade n. a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually supporting the base of a roof structure panorama n. a mental picture of a series of images or events quibble * to evade the truth or importance of an issue by raising trivial distinctions and objections; to find fault or criticize for petty reason; cavil quibble : objection :: minutia : details quibble : carp :: nitpicker : cavil quibbling : cavil :: faultfinding : criticize encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil quibble : failing :: rift : breach quibble <> speak straightforward minutia n. a minute or minor detail nitpick; to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant carp to find fault or complain querulously cavil to raise trivial and frivolous objection encomiast n. one that praises : EULOGIST quill n. the hollow horny shaft of a feather abacus : calculator :: quill : pen (kind) quicksand n. something that entraps or frustrates quiescent adj. being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive quietude, quiescence <> tumult, restless activity, action tumult n. a turbulent uprising : RIOT restless adj. continuously moving : UNQUIET quietude n. tranquility quiescent <> rambunctious quiescence, quietude <> action, restless activity, tumult rambunctious adj. marked by uncontrollable exuberance : UNRULY quip n. a clever, witty remark often prompted by the occasion quip remark <> solemn remark solemn adj. SOMBER, GLOOMY, serious quisling n. a traitor who serves as the puppet of the enemy occupying his or her country juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray quixotic * adj. foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals; CAPRICIOUS, UNPREDICTABLE quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive quixotic <> displaying consistently practical behavior, practical, pragmatic touchy adj. acutely sensitive or irritable quota n. a proportional share, as of goods, assigned to a group or to each member of a group; an allotment quota <> unlimited number
quotidian * adj. occurring every day quotidian <> remarkable, striking, extraordinary, unusual R rabble n. a tumultuous crowd; a mob items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble rabid * * adj. raging; uncontrollable; extremely zealous or enthusiastic; fanatical rabies : disease :: rabid <> impassionate, detached, noncommittal noncommittal adj. giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling rabies n. : an acute virus disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals that is caused by a rhabdovirus (genus Lyssavirus) usually transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal and that is characterized typically by increased salivation, abnormal behavior, and eventual paralysis and death (광견병) racketeer n. a person who commits crimes such as extortion, loan sharking, bribery, and obstruction of justice in furtherance of illegal business activities raconteur n. one who tells stories and anecdotes with skill and wit raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing wordsmith n. a person who works with words; a skillful writer racy adj. having a distinctive and characteristic quality or taste; strong and sharp in flavor or odor; piquant or pungent tame <> racy radical * adj. tending or disposed to make extreme changes in existing views, habits, conditions, or institutions purist <> radical, liberal radical <> conventional raffish adj. cheaply or showily vulgar in appearance or nature; tawdry ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub (#) raffish : decorum :: merciless : leniency (#) raffish <> august dissemble to put on a false appearance preen to dress or smooth (oneself) up : PRIMP snub to treat with contempt or neglect lenient adj. inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful august adj. marked by majestic dignity or grandeur raffle n. a lottery in which a number of persons buy chances to win a prize lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission raft * n. a flat structure for support or transportation on water rafter
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n. any of the parallel beams that support a roof see RIDGEPOLE illustration roof : rafter :: table : leg rage n. violent, explosive anger bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger (>) gush : effusive :: rage : irate (c) infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity :: commend : esteem irate adj. extremely angry; enraged nonplus to put at a loss as to what to think, say, or do ragged * adj. torn or worn to tatters; worn-out from stress and strain clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety rickety adj. in unsound physical condition rail to express objections or criticisms in bitter, harsh, or abusive language rail : vehemence :: entreat : urgency rail <> extol entreat to ask urgently raisin prune : plum :: raisin : grape rakish * * adj. dashingly or carelessly unconventional : JAUNTY of, relating to, or characteristic of a rake (a dissolute person : LIBERTINE) : DISSOLUTE rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity (LACK) rakish <> restraint rakish <> dowdy, shabby, slovenly (slothful, sluggish :2) slothful adj. disinclined to work or exertion; lazy assiduity n. persistent application or diligence; unflagging effort dowdy adj. not neat or becoming in appearance : SHABBY shabby adj. threadbare and faded from wear slovenly adj. untidy especially in personal appearance rally to arouse for action; to rouse from depression or weakness rally : enthusiasm :: enchant : fascination (A is to rouse to B) rally <> disband enchant to attract and move deeply : rouse to ecstatic admiration ramble to move about aimlessly; to walk about casually or for pleasure draw : doodle :: travel : ramble ramble <> walk purposely doodle to spend fruitlessly or lackadaisically; dawdle rambunctious adj. boisterous and disorderly rambunctious <> staid, quiescent quiescent adj.being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive ramification n. CONSEQUENCE, OUTGROWTH ramification <> antecedent rampant adj. marked by a menacing wildness, extravagance, or absence of restraint
covetous adj. having a craving for possession rampart n. a means of protection or defense; a bulwark tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier rampart : invasion :: levee : flood ramshackle adj. so poorly constructed or kept up that disintegration is likely ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity (#) rancid adj. having the disagreeable odor or taste of decomposing oils or fats; repugnant; nasty fetid <> having an offensive odor rancid <> fragrant rancor * * * n. bitter, long-lasting resentment; deep-seated ill will rancor <> good will, concord, charitableness, amity, geniality, benevolence, amicability, friendliness, (calm ) rancorous <> amicable concord n. a state of agreement : HARMONY amity n. FRIENDSHIP genial adj. favorable to growth or comfort : MILD amicable adj. characterized by friendly goodwill n. balanced interrelationship : HARMONY charitable adj. full of love for and goodwill toward others : BENEVOLENT randomize to make random in arrangement, especially in order to control the variable in an experiment randomize <> systematize systematize to formulate into or reduce to a system range n. a series of mountains range : mountain :: chain : link ranger n. a warden employed to maintain and protect a forest or other natural area ranger : forest :: curator : museum rank n. strong and offensive in odor or flavor rankle to cause persistent irritation or resentment rankle <> pacify, calm, mollify, soothe, appease ransack to search thoroughly; to examine closely and carefully rant to speak or declaim in a violent, loud, or vehement manner; rave fear : cower :: anger : rant rant : grandiloquence :: rant <> modesty, restraint, humility rant <> pacify, placate, forbear forbear to control oneself when provoked : be patient rapacious adj. greedy; ravenous troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious rapacity : covetous :: mania : enthusiastic distraught adj. agitated with doubt or mental conflict
rapport n. relationship, especially one of mutual trust or emotional affinity rapport <> discord, dissension, antagonism, aversion rapprochement n. the state of reconciliation or of cordial relations estrangement <> rapprochement rapscallion n. RASCAL, NE'ER-DO-WELL; an idle worthless person rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy rapt adj. deeply moved or delighted; enraptured intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract rapt <> distracted intrepid adj. resolutely courageous; fearless rarefied adj. elevated in character or style; lofty rarefied <>pedestrian, prosaic rarefy to make thin, less compact, or les dense; to purify or refine rarefy <> concentrate, condense, make denser rarefaction <> condensation rarity n. something rare; the quality or state of being rare; infrequency of occurrence rarity : dense :: dilute : concentrative plurality <> rarity rare <> dense rare <> affluent rascal n. a mean, unprincipled, or dishonest person rascal : mischievous :: laggard : dilatory rascal : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy :: cavalier : arrogant laggard n. one that lags or lingers dilatory adj. tending or intended to cause delay cavalier adj. marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful dismissal of important matters rash * adj. characterized by or resulting from illconsidered haste or boldness obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous (>) loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous (>) rash : circumspective :: imperious : servile rash <> circumspective obsess to preoccupy the mind of excessively loquacious adj. very talkative; garrulous imperious adj. marked by arrogant assurance : DOMINEERING raspy adj. HARSH, GRATING rough; grating mellifluous <> raspy mellifluous adj. flowing with sweetness or honey; smooth and sweet ratify to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (#) license : allow :: ratify : approve (A=B) repeal to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act
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ratiocination n. the process of exact thinking ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking ration n. a food allowance for one day dose : medicine :: ration : food dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment rationalize to make rational; to devise self-satisfying but incorrect reasons for (one's behavior) rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable (#) reprehensible deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy plausible adj. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible raucous adj. . rough-sounding and harsh; boisterous and disorderly raucous : harsh :: dulcet : sweet raucous <> melodious, subdued, placid, restrained, dulcet adj. pleasing to the ear restrained adj. being without excess or extravagance placid adj. serenely free of interruption or disturbance raunchy adj. SLOVENLY, DIRTY; very smelly ravage to commit destructive actions ravage : harm :: rave to speak out wildly c : to talk with extreme enthusiasm rave <> pan pan to criticize severely ravenous adj. RAPACIOUS; very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or gratification; voracious ravenous <> voracious <> easily stated, abstemious raving talking wildly or irrationally raving <> reasonable utteration (unequivocal speech ) rave <> pan pan to criticize or review harshly ravel to undo the intricacies of : DISENTANGLE; ENTANGLE, CONFUSE ravel <> knit ravish to seize and carry away by force; to rape; violate ravishing : attractive :: perspicacious : discerning (>) raze to level to the ground; demolish; to scrape or shave off raze <> build, construct reactant n. a substance that enters into and is altered in the course of a chemical reaction
reactant, reagent <> inert material reactive <> inert
to criticize sharply : REPRIMAND rebuke <> compliment, praise
inert adj. deficient in active properties
rebus n. a representation of words in the form of pictures or symbols, often presented as a puzzle rebus : dissimulation :: symbols : rebus :: notes: score
reactionary adj. relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction; ultraconservative in politics contumacious : authority :: reactionary, hidebound, conservative : change, innovation, novelty recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change recalcitrant , reactionary <> votary, politically progressive contumacious adj. obstinately disobedient or rebellious hidebound adj. stubbornly prejudiced, narrow minded, recalcitrant adj. obstinately defiant of authority or restraint refractory adj. resisting control or authority : STUBBORN votary n. ENTHUSIAST, DEVOTEE readership n. the mass or a particular group of readers readership : newspaper, book :: audience : play ready adj. displayed readily and spontaneously *a ready wit ready : wit :: volatile : temper volatile adj. readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature reagent n. 시약 realism n. concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary realize to bring into concrete existence : ACCOMPLISH ream * n. a quantity of paper, formerly 480 sheets, now 500 sheets or, in a printer's ream, 516 sheets ream : paper :: cord : wood :: acre : land : volt : electricity :: quart : liquid cord n. a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8 feet or 128 cubic feet reap to cut (grain or pulse) for harvest with a scythe, sickle scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter reap <> plant reassure to restore confidence to; to assure again reassure : doubt :: perturb : serenity feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness (A remove B) formidable <> reassuring rebel * to oppose or disobey one in authority or control rebellious : insurgent :: sycophantic : obsequious insurgent n. a person who revolts against civil authority or an established government rebuff * to reject bluntly, often disdainfully; snub rebuff <> approve, welcome, accept rebuke
rebut to contradict or oppose by formal legal argument, plea, or countervailing proof rebut <> affirm, confirm, fortify, strengthen affirm to assert (as a judgment or decree) as valid fortify to add material to for strengthening or enriching recalcitrant * adj. marked by stubborn resistance to and defiance of authority or guidance incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey (#) recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness recalcitrant : unperturbed :: recalcitrant <> amenable, submissive, tractable impudent adj. characterized by offensive boldness brazen adj. marked by contemptuous boldness recant to make an open confession of error apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy recantation : error :: confession : crime recantation : confess :: recant <> reaffirm, declare, affirm, avow apostasy n. renunciation of a religious faith heresy n. dissent or deviation from a dominant theory, opinion, or practice avow to declare assuredly recapitulate to repeat in concise form recapitulate : summary :: enumerate : list receptacle n. a container that holds items or matter bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle recess n. a suspension of business or procedure often for rest or relaxation recess : halt :: halt to cause the discontinuance of : END recession n. the act or action of receding : WITHDRAWAL; a period of reduced economic activity dominant <> recessive recession <> boom, enlargement, expansion boom to cause a rapid growth or increase of : BOOST recidivism n. a tendency to lapse into a previous pattern of behavior, especially a tendency to return to criminal habits recidivist : backslide :: benefactor : assist recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine :: sycophant : flatter recidivism <> reformed behavior recover from <> financial loss backslide to revert to a worse condition : RETROGRESS
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relapse to slip or fall back into a former worse state convalesce to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate recuperate , to return to health or strength; to reciprocate to give or take mutually; interchange; to show, feel, or give in response or return reciprocating <> moving unidirectionally reciprocal adj. concerning each of two or more persons or things; interchanged, given, or owed to each other reciprocal <> secund secund adj. (botany & zoology) arranged on or turned to one side of an axis reckless n. a. heedless or careless b. headstrong; rash circumspect, measured <> audacious, reckless, unscrupulous reclaim to bring into or return to a suitable condition for use, as cultivation or habitation recluse * * * n. a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and often in solitude poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness recluse : communicate :: roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw :: bigot : biased recluse : sociable :: turncoat : consistency : recluse : companion recluse : society :: shirk : duty :: reactionary : change recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure recluse : solitude :: toady : favor reclusive : isolation :: toady : favor recluse <> social poseur n. person who pretends to be what he or she is not : an affected or insincere person roister n. a drunken wild party or celebration carouse to drink liquor deeply or freely toady a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving
recondite <> widely understood, patent, selfexplaining, self-evident, easy, comprehensive, fathomable fathom to penetrate and come to understand tenacious adj. persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual captious adj. calculated to confuse, entrap, or entangle in argument placate to soothe or mollify especially by concessions : APPEASE serpentine adj. having a compound curve whose central curve is convex pellucid adj. easy to understand reconnaissance n. an inspection or exploration of an area, especially one made; to gather military information reconnoiter to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order to gather military information reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes prowl to roam through stealthily, as in search of prey canvass to seek orders or votes : SOLICIT reconstitute to provide with a new structure; to bring (a liquid in concentrated or powder form) to normal strength by adding water reconstitute <> dehydrate reconvene to cause to assemble again disperse : reconvene :: dismiss : reinstate rectify to set right; correct; to correct by calculation or adjustment rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis
recoil to spring back, as upon firing; to shrink back, as in fear or repugnance; to fall back; return recoil <> advance
rectitude * n. moral uprightness; righteousness rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse (#) perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist rectitude <> inequity, improbity, dishonesty, unscrupulousness perspicacious adj. having or showing penetrating mental discernment; clear-sighted inequity n. injustice; unfairness improbity n. dishonest scrupulous adj. lacking moral principles
reconcile to reestablish a close relationship between; to settle or resolve rift <> reconciliation rift n. BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT
recumbent adj. lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest; reclining; resting; idle recumbent <> standing up
recondite * * * * adj. not easily understood; abstruse; concerned with or treating something abstruse or obscure; concealed; hidden recondite : understand :: arduous : accomplish recondite : grasp :: inconspicuous : spot (hard to B) recondite : fathom :: tenacious : eradicate :: captious : placate (hard to B) recondite : comprehend :: knotty : solve : avid : bore (hard to B) serpentine : directness :: recondite : pellucidity (without) respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness (hard to A)
recuperate to return to health or strength; recover; to recover from financial loss recuperative <> debilitating debilitate to sap the strength or energy of; enervate recur to happen, come up, or show up again or repeatedly periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish recurrence <> happening one time evanescent adj. vanishing or likely to vanish like vapor
redistribute to distribute again in a different way; reallocate inequity : redistribution :: illiteracy : education redolent adj. having or emitting fragrance; aromatic redolent : smell :: piquant : taste redolent <> unscented, lack of odor, fetid fetid adj. having a heavy offensive smell redoubtable adj. arousing fear or awe; formidable redoubtable : regard :: exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: credible : belief, trust redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard redoubtable <> not formidable, unimpressive, disregard regard n. the worth or estimation in which something or someone is held culpable adj. GUILTY, CRIMINAL despicable adj. so worthless or obnoxious as to rouse moral indignation redundant adj. exceeding that is necessary or natural; superfluous; needlessly repetitive; verbose indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack redundant : superfluity :: pertinent : relevance redundant <> economical redundance, redundancy <> conciseness, essentialness indigent adj. experiencing want or need; impoverished knack n. a clever way of doing something pertinent adj. having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand reel n. a small windlass at the butt of a fishing rod for the line reel : winding :: die : shaping die n. any of various tools or devices for imparting a desired shape, form, or finish to a material refectory n. a room where meals are served, especially in a college or other institution referee n. one to whom something is referred, especially for settlement, decision, or an opinion as to the thing's quality referee : field :: jude : courtroom referee : whistle :: judge : gavel :: auctioneer : gavel refinery n. an industrial plant for purifying a crude substance, such as petroleum or sugar refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain refine : purification :: attenuate : rarefaction crass <> refined refine <> reduce purity reflective adj. capable of reflecting light, images, or sound waves; THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE mirror : reflective :: raft : buoyant reflection : light :: echo : sound reflect <> absorb unreflective <> ruminative refractory
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adj. obstinately resistant to authority or control adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control (#) recalcitrant, refractory : authority :: reactionary : change pertinacity : refractory :: inexperience : green refractory <> responsive, docile, amenable recalcitrant adj. obstinately defiant of authority or restraint adamant adj. impervious to pleas, appeals, or reason; stubbornly green adj. deficient in training, knowledge, or experience pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious docile adj. easily led or managed : TRACTABLE refresh to revive with or as if with rest, food, or drink; give new vigor or spirit to; to give new freshness or brightness to; restore disgruntle <> refresh disgruntle to make discontented refrigerant adj. allaying heat or fever n. a medication for reducing body heat refrigerant : heat :: desiccant : moisture refrigerator : perishables :: safe : money perishable adj. : liable to spoil or decay *such perishable products as fruit, vegetables, butter, and eggs refuge n. shelter or protection from danger or distress refugee : asylum :: asylum n. place of retreat and security : SHELTER refulgent adj. shining radiantly; resplendent refulgent <> lackluster refuse * n. items or material discarded or rejected as useless or worthless; trash or rubbish refuse <> valuable thing, useful material refute to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrown by argument or proof; to deny the accuracy or truth of refutation <> verification refute <> verify, affirm, prove refutable <> indisputable irrefutable <> deniable regard to hold in esteem or respect exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame :: redoubtable : regard (c) flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (>) redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard (c) redoubtable adj. worthy of respect or hono flout to show contempt for; scorn taunt to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner culpable adj. deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious despicable adj. deserving of contempt or scorn; vile regenerate to reform spiritually or morally truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (#)
regimen n. a regulated system, as of diet, therapy, or exercise, intended to promote health or achieve another beneficial effect regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory regimen : health :: budget : solvency regiment to organize rigidly especially for the sake of regulation or control regimentation <> disorder, disorganization regression n. reversion; retrogression regressive <> forward regularity n. the quality or state of being regular rehabilitate to restore to good health or useful life, as through therapy and education recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition (#) building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation rehabilitate <> debilitate, enervate convalesce to return to health and strength after illness; recuperate rehash to talk over or discuss again; to present or use again in another form without substantial change or improvement reshape : form :: rehash : concept, means rehearsal n. the act of practicing in preparation for a public performance impromptu : rehearsal :: caprice : deliberate reify to regard (something abstract) as a material or concrete thing reify : abstract, idealize :: reign n. exercise of sovereign power, as by a monarch; the period during which a monarch rules coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage rein to control or direct with or as if with reins n. a strap fastened to a bit by which a rider or driver controls an animal usually used in plural rein <> prod, impel prod to incite to action : STIR impel to urge or drive forward or on by or as if by the exertion of strong moral pressure : FORCE reinforce to strengthen or increase by fresh additions reinforced : strength :: whet : sharpness ::polish : luster reiterate to say or do again or repeatedly digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant (=) excursive adj. of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of digression rejoice to feel joyful; be delighted
rejoice <> grouse, moroseness rejoiced <> sulky relapse to fall or slide back into a former state recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine relapse <> advance, amendment, betterment, development, maturation, progress, improvement relaxation n. relaxing or recreative state, activity, or pastime : DIVERSION release to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude constrain, immure, restrain <> release relegate to assign to an obscure place, position, or condition relentless * adj. unyielding in severity or strictness; unrelenting inexorable <> relenting relentless <> clement relentless <> lenient, merciful, yielding, pliant, acquiescing inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless clement adj. inclined to be merciful : LENIENT yielding adj. lacking rigidity or stiffness : FLEXIBLE pliant adj. easily influenced : YIELDING acquiesce to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively often used with in and sometimes with to relevant adj. having a bearing on or connection with the matter at hand immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center :: circuitous : directness (#) relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious relevant <> immaterial irrelevant <> germane reliable * adj. suitable or fit to be relied on : DEPENDABLE religion religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy relinquish * to retire from; give up or abandon relinquish : claim :: relinquish <> assume, cling to, procure, reward, keep, retain assume to take over (the debts of another) as one's own cling to hold together procure to get possession of retain to keep in possession or use relish to take keen or zestful pleasure in; to enjoy the flavor of 3. to give spice or flavor to relish <> despise reluctant adj. unwilling; disinclined hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride reluctance <> alacrity loquacity <> reluctance to speak reluctant <> enthusiastic
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hubris n. exaggerated pride or self-confidence alacrity n. promptness in response : cheerful readiness loquacity n. the quality or state of being very talkative reminiscence * n. recall to mind of a long-forgotten experience or fact reminiscence : recollect :: machination : plot machination n. the act of plotting remiss * adj. lax in attending to duty; negligent; exhibiting carelessness or slackness remiss <> scrupulous, punctilious, conscientious, painstaking, assiduous, earnest scrupulous adj. punctiliously exact : PAINSTAKING punctilious adj. marked by or concerned about precise ance with the details of codes or conventions conscientious adj. METICULOUS, CAREFUL assiduous adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application remnant n. something left over; a remainder; a usually small part, member, or trace remaining b : a small surviving group shred : remnant :: (kind) remnant : residual :: (=) remnant : residential :: (?) shred n. PARTICLE, SCRAP residual n. remainder remodel to make over in structure or style; reconstruct construct : remodel :: compose : edit remold * * to give shape to again; to determine or influence the quality or nature of again remold : shape :: amend : content amend to change or modify for the better : IMPROVE remonstrate to say or plead in protest, objection, or reproof remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure :: applicant : appeal syllogism n. a subtle, specious, or crafty argument dissuade to turn from something by persuasion reprehensible adj. worthy of or deserving reprehension : CULPABLE remorse n. : a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH longing : pine :: remorse : rue truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (#) remorseful <> impenitent, unrepentant rue to feel regret, remorse, or sorrow for pine to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable truculent adj. feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL regenerate adj. restored to a better, higher, or more worthy state penitent adj. feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or sorrow for sins or offenses : REPENTANT remorseless * adj. having no remorse : MERCILESS; RELENTLESS remorseless : compassion :: craven : courage
remote adj. acting, acted on, or controlled indirectly or from a distance remote : affablility :: somber : levity (#) remote <> impending impend to hover threateningly : MENACE b to be about to occur remunerate to pay (a person) a suitable equivalent in return for goods provided, services rendered, or losses incurred; recompense remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury remunerate <> deprive, forfeit, punish, fail to pay remunerative <> unrequited gainful <> unremunerative retaliate to repay (as an injury) in kind forfeit to lose or lose the right to by some error, offense, or crime unrequited adj. not reciprocated or returned in kind rend to tear or split apart or into pieces violently rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish :: rush : hurry (>) rend <> unite, mend, repair, fuse, make whole mend to put into good shape or working order again : patch up : REPAIR fuse to blend thoroughly by or as if by melting together renegade n. a deserter from one faith, cause, or allegiance to another renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith allegiance n. devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause apostasy n. abandonment of one's religious faith, a political party, one's principles, or a cause renounce to give up (a title, for example), especially by formal announcement; to reject; disown renounce : pledge :: rescind : order renounce <> claim, embrace, adhere to (exact from, clarify ) renunciation <> adoption pledge n. a binding promise or agreement to do or forbear rescind to TAKE BACK, CANCEL embrace to take in or include as a part, item, or element of a more inclusive whole adopt to accept formally and put into effect renovate to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or remodeling renovate <> cause to decay renown n. a state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored : FAME
repartee n. a swift, witty reply; conversation marked by the exchange of witty retorts retort :: repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter (conversation : language ) repatriate to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or
origin repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification (#) repeal to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification repeal <> ratify repeal <> authorization to restore or return to the country of birth, citizenship, or origin ratify to approve and give formal sanction to; confirm repel adj. repellent * to offer resistance to; fight against repel <> lure, welcome, attract court <> repel intentionally repelling <> entrancing, winsome repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure (#) entrancing <> disappointing, disgusting, repellent, repulsive lure attract actively and strongly court to : ALLURE, TEMPT; to act so as to invite or provoke winsome adj. CHEERFUL, GAY entrance carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture repertoire n. the stock of songs, plays, operas, readings, or other pieces that a player or company is prepared to perform palette : color :: repertoire : play repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting repine to be discontented or low in spirits; complain or fret repine <> express joy replete * * adj. abundantly supplied; abounding replete : affluent (c) replete : abundant :: (c) repletion <> want, emptiness, privation, deprivation privation n. the state of being deprived; reportage n. the reporting of news or information of general interest reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist reportorial <> imaginative repose * n. the act of resting or the state of being at rest guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose (if B, less A) dehydrate : water :: fade : brightness (A is to lose B) breach : continuity :: disturb : repose (without) repose <> agitation, disequilibrium expiate to make amends or reparation for; atone breach to BREAK, VIOLATE atone to make amends, as for a sin or fault disequilibrium n. loss or lack of equilibrium reportorial reportorial <> imaginative reprehensible * adj. deserving rebuke or censure; blameworthy lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure :: despicable : contempt censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible
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reprehensible <> praiseworthy, laudable, responsible remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure approbation n. COMMENDATION, PRAISE jeer to speak or shout derisively; mock remonstrance n. an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or grievance dissuade to advise against
reproof <> accolade, compliment, reassurance(?) pretense n. mere ostentation : PRETENTIOUSNESS reassure to restore to confidence compliment n. an expression of esteem, respect, affection, or admiration
repress to hold back by an act of volition; to put down by force, usually before total control has been lost; quell unrepressed <> restrained repress <> foster, license license to give permission or consent to repression <> openness, friendliness, abandon, indulgence
repudiate to reject the validity or authority of to reject emphatically as unfounded, untrue, or unjust repudiate <> espouse, uphold repudiation <> affirm espouse to take up and support as a cause uphold to give support to affirm n. VALIDATE, CONFIRM
reprieve to postpone or cancel the punishment of reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity
repugnant adj. arousing disgust or aversion; offensive or repulsive; (logic) contradictory; inconsistent odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel unpleasant : repugnant :: scanty : meager repugnance <> affinity cogent adj. appealing to the intellect of reasoning
reprimand to reprove severely, especially in a formal or official way reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure disapprove : reprimand :: reproachable * * reproach to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment irreproachable : blame :: upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (>) reproach : reprimand :: blame : censure (official) reproachable : disapproval :: plaintive : sorrow opprobrious <> irreproachable nefarious, scurvy, culpable reproach <> eulogize, praise publicly reproachable <> exemplary, perfect, inculpable above reproach, virtuous upbraid to reproach severely : scold vehemently nefarious adj. infamous by away of being extremely wicked reprimand n. : a severe or formal reproof censure n. an official reprimand plaintive adj. expressive of suffering or woe : MELANCHOLY opprobrium n. public disgrace or ill fame that follows from conduct considered grossly wrong or vicious scurvy adj. mean; contemptible reprobate * n. a morally unprincipled person a. morally unprincipled; shameless v. to disapprove of; condemn reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn (>) objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate (without) skeptic : doubt :: reprobate : transgress (=) reprobate <> righteous individual, a virtuous person reprobation <> acclaim, acclamation temperance n moderation in action, thought, or feeling transgress to violate a command or law : SIN reproof n. criticism for a fault : REBUKE castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike :: glorification : merit :: soaking : damp (>) castigation : reproof :: denunciation : denial pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure
reptile lizard : reptile :: orange : fruit :: finch : bird :: aspen : tree :: eagle : bird :: firefly, aphid : insect
repulsive adj. tending to repel or reject : COLD, FORBIDDING; arousing aversion or disgust repulse <> captivate, entrance, amity repulse <> intentionally court disappoint, disgusting, repellent, repulsive <> entrancing repulsive <> amiable repulsion <> attraction entrance n. power or permission to enter : ADMISSION amity n FRIENDSHIP repute n. the state of being favorably known, spoken of, or esteemed repute <> lack of distinction, challenge, doubt, question, obscurity, unimportance requisite adj. required; essential requisite <> unnecessary requite [rikw?it] v. , to make repayment or return for; to avenge requite <> leave unrepaid,unpaid rescind * to make void; repeal or annul rescind : law :: withdraw : candidacy irrevocable : rescind :: rescission : legislation :: recantation : testimony rescind <> institute, enact, levy, legislate, enforce, ratify, validate, uphold rescission <> enactment, ratification irrevocable adj. impossible to retract or revoke levy to impose or collect by legal authority ratify to approve and sanction formally resentful resent to feel or express annoyance or ill will at reserved adj. restrained in words and actions’ kept or set apart or aside for future or special use furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve (#) furtive : open :: flippant : reserved (#)
gregarious : reserved :: furtive : open (#) expansive <> reserved, diffident unreserved <> qualified furtive adj. done by stealth : SURREPTITIOUS flamboyant adj. marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful display or behavior flippant adj. GLIB, TALKATIVE diffident adj. RESERVED, UNASSERTIVE expansive adj. characterized by richness, abundance, or magnificence reservoir * * n. a place where something is kept in store reservoir : water :: wardrobe : clothes reservoir : water :: vault : valuables :: larder, pantry : food residual n. residue something that remains after a part is taken, separated, or designated : REMNANT, REMAINDER remainder : subtraction :: residue : evaporation (←) remainder : residue :: (=) resignation * resign to give (oneself) over without resistance; to give up deliberately; to renounce (as a right or position) by a formal act abdicate : throne :: resign : office resignation : official :: abdication : crown resignation <> claim, face, defiance, dissent resilient * marked by the ability to recover readily, as from misfortune resilient <> unable to adjust, unable to recover, brittle, conservative resilience <> inelasticity, inability of recover, rigidity resin resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant resolute * adj. firm or determined; unwavering malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion indubitable : question :: resolute : sway resolute : dissuade :: obstreperous : control resoluteness : will :: zeal : conviction resolute : determined :: (=) daunt <> make resolute daunt to abate the courage of; discourage jittery <> resolute resolution <> vacillation, sway resolute <> wavering, faltering jittery adj. having or feeling nervous unease sway to fluctuate or veer between one point, position, or opinion and another dissuade to advise against obstreperous adj. stubbornly resistant to control : UNRULY resonant * * adj. strong and deep in tone; resounding; continuing to sound in the ears or memory; echoing full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound resonant <> muffled, quiet, mumbling, cacophonous, discordant, grating muffle to wrap or pad with something to dull the sound mumble to utter with a low inarticulate voice cacophonous adj. harsh-sounding discord n. a harsh or unpleasant sound grate to utter in a harsh voice
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resourceful adj. able to act effectively or imaginatively, especially in difficult situations resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality, mercy respect * * to consider worthy of high regard : ESTEEM respectable adj. worthy of respect : ESTIMABLE respectful adj. marked by or showing respect or deference respire to breathe in and out; inhale and exhale lung : respire :: tooth : masticate respire <> choke, smother, stifle, suffocate smother to destroy the life of by depriving of air stifle to kill by depriving of oxygen : SUFFOCATE ; SMOTHER respite n. a usually short interval of rest or relief respite : labor :: interim : concert interim n. an interval of time between one event fast : eat :: respite : labor plateau : change :: respite : activity moratorium : activity :: respite : labor fast to abstain from food plateau n. a region of little or no change in a graphic representation moratorium n. a suspension of activity resplendent * adj. splendid or dazzling in appearance; brilliant bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence (=) bravura : performance :: resplendence : appearance resplendent <> dull, lackluster, drab bootless adj. USELESS, UNPROFITABLE futility n. the quality or state of being futile : USELESSNESS effulgent adj. shining brilliantly; resplendent lackluster adj. lacking brightness, luster, or vitality; dull bravura n. a show of daring or brilliance lackluster adj. lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality drab adj. of the dull brown color of drab responsive adj. answering or replying; responding dispassionate, feelingless <> responsive dispassionate adj. devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias restive * * adj. uneasily impatient under restriction, opposition, criticism, or delay; resisting control; difficult to control restive : serenity :: impeccable : flaw :: sterile : germ (#) incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm :: piddling : considerable :: keen : obtuse :: restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness :: impetuous : patience :: impeccable : flaw (#) restive <> calm, imperturbable, serene restiveness <> contentment, serenity serene adj. clear and free of storms or unpleasant change sterile adj. incapable of germinating incogitant adj. thoughtless; inconsiderate piddling adj. so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's consideration
impetuous adj. marked by force and violence of movement or action content adj. CONTENTED, SATISFIED restless adj. marked by a lack of quiet, repose, or rest restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent restlessness <> composure restore dilapidated <> restored eliminate <> restore dilapidate to bring or fall into a state of partial ruin, decay, or disrepair restrain to hold back or keep in check; control b. to hold (a person) back; prevent temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist (c) rakish : restrain :: slothful : assiduity restrain <> release unrepressed, fervid <> restrained bridled <> without restraint theatrical <> restraint temperate adj. not extreme or excessive : MILD tenacious adj. persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual rakish adj. lacking restraint; dissolute slothful adj. inclined to sloth : INDOLENT; lazy assiduity n. diligence release to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude bridle to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle theatrical adj. marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion resurgence n. a continuing after interruption; a renewal; a restoration to use, acceptance, activity, or vigor; a revival resurgence <> extinguishment, waning, decline resurgent <> in decline extinguish to cause to be void : NULLIFY wan to grow or become pale or sickly resuscitate to restore consciousness, vigor, or life to extinct resuscitated resuscitation <> enervation retain to maintain possession of; to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position retain <> discard retention <> forgetfulness, amnesia retention <> release, liberation retainer n. an employee, typically a long-term employee; a servant or an attendant, especially one in the household of a person of high rank retainer : retinue :: witch : coven retinue n. the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person retaliate to repay (as an injury) in kind remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury remunerate to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense retard to cause to move or proceed slowly; delay or impede divert : shunt :: retard : brake expedite, catalyze, speed up <> retard
precipitate, catalyze, expedite, speed up <> retard, dilatory dilatory adj. intended to delay; tending to postpone or delay retention * n. power of retaining : RETENTIVENESS b : an ability to retain things in mind reticent * * * adj. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : RESERVED; restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance; RELUCTANT reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge reticent : voluble :: (#) reticent <> effusive, talkative, vociferous, frank vociferous <> reticent, monotone voluble, talkative, fluent, glib <> taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent reticent <> frank reticent <> communicative, garrulous, loquacious, prolix, voluble abstemious adj. marked by restraint especially in the consumption of food or alcohol gorge to consume greedily voluble adj. GLIB, FLUENT; TALKATIVE effusive adj. excessively demonstrative vociferous adj. making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry frank adj. marked by free, forthright, and sincere expression monotone n. a tedious sameness or reiteration communicative adj. TALKATIVE glib adj. marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful garrulous adj. TALKATIVE, WORDY loquacious adj. full of excessive talk : WORDY prolix adj. marked by or using an excess of words; WORDY retinue n. the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person retinue : attendant :: coven : witch retainer retinue : attendant :: staff : officer :: suite : room retort * to reply, especially to answer in a quick, caustic, or witty manner retort : repartee :: debate : issue :: correspond : letter retort : response :: repartee n. a swift, witty reply retouch to improve or change (a photographic negative or print), as by adding details or removing flaws revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture retract to draw back; disavow misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract retract : statement :: repeal : legislation countermand : order :: revoke : license retract <> foster, tender repeal to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment countermand to revoke (a command) by a contrary order foster to promote the growth or development of tender to present for acceptance : OFFER retreat
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n. a. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant b. the process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained incursion <> retreat incursion n. a hostile entrance into a territory : RAID retrench * to cut down; reduce; to remove, delete, or omit retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity :: retrench : money retrench <> enlarge, expand retribution n. something justly deserved; recompense retrograde adj reverting to an earlier or inferior condition retrograde <> progressive retrogress to return to an earlier, inferior, or less complex condition; to go or move backward retrogress <> move forward retrospective adj. looking or directed backward retrospective <> anticipatory revamp to patch up or restore; renovate.; to revise or reconstruct (a manuscript, for example). revel * to take intense pleasure or satisfaction revel <> act soberly revelry <> mournfulness revelation n. something revealed, especially a dramatic disclosure of something not previously known or realized revelation <> adumbration revenge to inflict punishment in return for (injury or insult) mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge vindictive adj. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful revere * * to regard with awe, deference, and devotion reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm (>) avidity n. ardent desire or craving; eagerness reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence (=) exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence revere <> jape at, disparage, despise reverence <> despise reverent <> despicable, impudent, scornful irreverent <> respectful revere <> treat with indignity, profane, jape at (disgrace ) idolater n. one who blindly or excessively admires dupe n. one that is easily deceived or cheated : FOOL venerable adj. calling forth respect through age, character, and attainments despicable adj. deserving of contempt or scorn; vile
elegiac adj. expressing sorrow often for something now past jape to joke or quip revile to assail with abusive language; vituperate revile <> praise, adulate adulate to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly revisionist revise to prepare a newly edited version of (a text) revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture revive to bring back to life or consciousness; resuscitate to impart new health, vigor, or spirit to revert : prior :: revive : conscious wither <> revive revoke to void or annul by recalling, withdrawing, or reversing empower <> revoke the authority revue n. a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances, often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities revulsion n. a sudden, strong change or reaction in feeling, especially a feeling of violent disgust or loathing. rewarding adj. offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification remunerative ; (profitable), drudgery <> rewarding work drudgery n. a tedious, menial, or unpleasant work rhapsodize to express oneself in an immoderately enthusiastic manner to recite (something) in the manner of a rhapsody rhapsodize <> speak disimpassionately, speak calmly impassion to arouse the feelings or passions of ribald adj. CRUDE, OFFENSIVE; characterized by or using coarse indecent humor ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct ribald <> seemly, proper seemly adj. conventionally proper : DECOROUS rickety adj. likely to break or fall apart; shaky clothes : ragged :: furniture : rickety ragged adj. worn-out from stress and strain rider n. a clause, usually having little relevance to the main issue, that is added to a legislative bill rider : bill :: endorsement : policy ridicule n. words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness ridicule : derision :: sublime <> ridiculous pillory to expose to ridicule and abuse; to put in a pillory as punishment rife adj. in widespread existence, practice, or use; increasingly prevalent; abundant or numerous rife : sparse :: rife <> sparse, scarce sparse adj. of few and scattered elements riffraff n. people regarded as disreputable or worthless adj. rubbish; trash riffraff <> aristocrat, gentry, nobility, throne rift n. a narrow fissure in rock; a break in friendly relations faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil quibble : failing :: rift : breach rift <> reconciliation quibble n. a petty distinction or an irrelevant objection rig to manipulate dishonestly for personal gain rig : contest :: gerrymander : district rigid adj. not flexible or pliant; stiff; marked by a lack of flexibility; rigorous and exacting circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid rigid <> pliable, pliant protean adj. displaying great diversity or variety rigmarole adj. confused, rambling, or incoherent discourse; nonsense rigmarole <> straightforward talk rile to stir to anger; to stir up (liquid); roil choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse rile <> conciliate, make calm, appease, placate, gratify, soothe, please choleric adj. easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive anger placate to soothe or mollify especially by concessions gratify to give in to : INDULGE, SATISFY rind n. a tough outer covering such as bark, the skin of some fruits, or the coating on cheese or bacon riot n. a wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large number of people; an unrestrained outbreak, as of laughter or passions sedate <> riot sedate adj. serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or manner rip to tear or split apart or open; CRITICIZE, PUT DOWN ripen to make or become ripe or riper; mature ripen : maturity :: harden : solidity ripen : mature :: drain : empty
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risible adj. relating to laughter or used in eliciting laughter risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness rite * 1. the prescribed or customary form for conducting a religious or other solemn ceremony informality : ritualistic :: rite <> improvised act rive to rend or tear apart; to break into pieces, as by a blow; cleave or split asunder rive <> unite riven <> intact intact adj. ENTIRE, UNINJURED riveting adj. wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention; fascinating riveting <> banal, vapid, wearisome wearisome adj. tedious; tiresome because of length or dullness : BORING rivulet n. a small brook or steam; a streamlet pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream robust * adj. full of health and strength; vigorous robust <> sick, decrepit, feeble, not strong decrepit adj. wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of old age feeble adj. markedly lacking in strength rococo n. a very ornate style of speech or writing rococo <> simple
rostrum n. an ancient Roman platform for public orators rostrum : orator :: bench : judge rosy adj. having the characteristic pink or red color of a rose; bright or cheerful; optimistic roundabout adj. CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT rotund * * adj. marked by roundness; marked by fullness of sound or cadence; notably plump : CHUBBY rotund <> thin rotundity <> slimness, thinness rouse to arouse from slumber, apathy, or depression to excite, as to anger or act in; stir up quell, mollify, move quietly <> foment, instigate, rouse rowdy * * adj. coarse or boisterous in behavior : ROUGH rowdy <> decorous decorous adj. marked by propriety and good taste royalty n. a payment to an author or composer for each copy of a work sold or to an inventor for each item sold under a patent royalty : payment :: subpoena : writ rubicund adj. inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy rubicund <> pale, pallid, wan rubicundity <> pallor pallor n. extreme or unnatural paleness
rodent kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent
rubble n. rough stone as it comes from the quarry rubble <> unbroken stone
rodomontade adj. pretentious boasting or bragging; bluster pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade
rudder n. a controlling agent or influence over direction; a guide
roil to make (a liquid) muddy or cloudy by stirring up sediment to displease or disturb; vex roil <> clarify, appease, settle, release, calm
rude * * adj. NATURAL, RAW ; PRIMITIVE, UNDEVELOPED; SIMPLE, ELEMENTAL; lacking refinement or delicacy; marked by or suggestive of lack of training or skill : INEXPERIENCED annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl (character ) rude : churl :: intrusive : interloper rude <> weak rude <> civil, learned, experienced rude <> finished, refined, developed, sophiscated intrusive adj. intruding where one is not welcome civil adj. adequate in courtesy and politeness : MANNERLY
roister to engage in boisterous merrymaking; revel noisily to behave in a blustering manner; swagger roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw recluse n. a person who withdraws from the world to live in seclusion and often in solitude
longing : pine :: remorse : rue (=) rue <> satisfy rue <> exult in rueful <> impenitent pine to yearn intensely and persistently especially for something unattainable exult to be extremely joyful : REJOICE ruffian n. a brutal person : BULLY ruffle n. a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge to disturb the smoothness or regularity of; ripple hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt :: molding : cabinet :: brim, rim : vessel coolheaded <> excitable, nervous, agitated, ruffled ruffle <> soothe, preen ruminant, ruminative adj. chewing the cud; given to or engaged in contemplation : MEDITATIVE ruminate : decide :: ruminative <> unreflective reflective adj. marked by reflection : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE rumple to wrinkle or form into folds or creases rumple : shirt :: rumple <> preen, glaze run n. an unbroken sequence of theatrical performances run : performance :: rupture n. the state of being broken open rupture <> remain unbreakable ruse * n. a crafty stratagem; a subterfuge paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive, deceived ruse : honest :: ruse <> trustful action paroxysm n. a sudden violent emotion or action rustic adj. marked by a lack of sophistication or elegance rust : corrosion :: dew : condensation (←) polished, urbane <> rude, rustic urbane adj. polite, refined, and often elegant in manner rustle to move with soft fluttering or crackling sounds to move or act energetically or with speed
S rookie n. RECRUIT, NOVICE; a first-year participant in a major professional sport professional : rookie :: soldier : recruit recruit n. a newcomer to a field or activity roster n. a list, especially of names; a list of the names of military officers and enlisted personnel enrolled for active duty roster : personnel :: slate : candidate roster : staff :: obituary : death bibliography : publication :: roster : name (A B (list))
rudimentary adj. consisting in first principles : FUNDAMENTAL; of a primitive kind; very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige rudimentary <> fully developed, fully evolved, completely involved, highly evolved, realized incipient adj. beginning to exist or appear ruddy adj. having a healthy, reddish color ruddy <> anemic anemic adj. lacking vitality; listless and weak rue * to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret for
sabbatical n. a break or change from a normal routine (as of employment); leave sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation sabotage n. destruction of property or obstruction of normal operations, as by civilians or enemy agents in time of war saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend sabotage : subversion :: bully : intimidation (=)
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sabotage <> build, repair, construct, strengthen, rehabilitate, benefit intimidate to make timid or fearful : FRIGHTEN saccharine adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of sugar or saccharin; sweet; having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character; excessively sentimental sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine acerbic <> saccharine sacerdotal adj. of or relating to priests or a priesthood : PRIESTLY sacerdotal <> lay, secular, irreverent lay adj. of or relating to members of a religious house occupied with domestic or manual work secular adj. of, relating to, or forming clergy not belonging to a religious order or congregation irreverent adj. lacking proper respect or seriousness sacrifice n. an act of offering to a deity something precious worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury sacrilegious * sacrilege n. desecration, profanation, misuse, or theft of something sacred; gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place, or thing sacrilege <> respect, reverence, pious action sacrilegious <> reverent, worshipful, sacrosanct pious adj. marked by or showing reverence for deity and devotion to divine worship sacrosanct adj. vulnerable to disapprobation, vulnerable to sacrosanct adj. most sacred or holy : INVIOLABLE: treated as if holy : immune from criticism or violation sacrosanct <> easily disapprobation, reprobation, sacrilegious sacrosanct <> vulnerable to reprobation/disapprobation saddle to load or burden; encumber saddle <> unload sadist * sadism n. delight in cruelty b : excessive cruelty safeguard n. a technical contrivance to prevent accident safeguard : harm :: safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination sag to sink, droop, or settle from pressure or weight to lose vigor, firmness, or resilience saga * * n. prose narrative recorded in Iceland in the 12th and 13th centuries of historic or legendary figures and events of the heroic age of Norway and Iceland; a long detailed account saga : narrative :: epic : poem saga <> anecdote anecdote sagacious *
adj. DISCERNING : having or showing keen; discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat miser : stingy :: sage : judicious sage : judgment :: knave : deceit sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton (#) constant : stalwart :: judicious : sagacious (=) sage : wisdom :: veteran : experience :: philanthropist : benevolence sagacious <> without wisdom, folly, fatuous sagacity <> folly, simpleton sage <> fool daredevil one who is recklessly bold knave n. a tricky deceitful fellow boor n. a rude or insensitive stalwart adj. marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit folly adj. lack of good sense or normal prudence and foresight fatuous adj. complacently or inanely foolish : SILLY saintliness saintly adj. relating to, resembling, or befitting a saint : HOLY salacious adj. arousing or appealing to sexual desire or imagination : LASCIVIOUS;LECHEROUS, LUSTFUL salacious <> chaste chaste adj. innocent of unlawful sexual intercourse salient adj. projecting or jutting beyond a line or surface; protruding; strikingly conspicuous; prominent salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand subtle : ignore :: salient : observe salient <> inconspicuous, reentrant, unconspicuous reentrant adj. pointing inward sallow adj. of a grayish greenish yellow color sallow <> ruddy sally * * * to rush out or leap forth suddenly sally <> move slowly, dawdle, move back sally <> arrive, come salmon salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist salubrious * * adj. conducive or favorable to health or well-being salubrious : health :: instructive : comprehension plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle salubrious, salutary <> baneful, noxious, unhealthy, morbid, squalid, deleterious, virulent, injurious salubrious <> unhealthy, deleterious insalubrious <> wholesome insalubrity <> healthfulness baneful adj. causing death, destruction, or ruin; harmful morbid adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of disease squalid adj. marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or poverty deleterious adj. having a harmful effect; injurious virulent adj. extremely poisonous or venomous salutary 1. effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial
2. favorable to health; wholesome deleterious, unhealthy, baneful, deleterious <> salutary, salubrious deleterious adj. having a harmful effect; injurious salutation n. a polite expression of greeting or goodwill salutation : welcome :: applause : praise salute n. a sign, token, or ceremony expressing goodwill, compliment, or respect salute : respect :: nod :assent salvage to save from loss or destruction salvage <> abandon salve * n. an analgesic or medicinal ointment; something that soothes or heals; a balm; flattery or commendation placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous salve <> irritant salving <> catalyst unctuous adj. smooth and greasy in texture or appearance salvo n. a. simultaneous discharge of firearms; a forceful verbal or written assault sanctify to set apart for sacred use; consecrate; to make holy; purify desecrate <> sanctify, revere desecrate to violate the sacredness of; profane sanction to give official authorization or approval to to encourage or tolerate by indicating approval sanction <> refuse to tolerate, forbid, proscribe, reject sanctuary n. the most sacred part of a religious building; a place of refuge and protection sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection :: wilderness : peril wilderness n. confusing multitude or mass peril n. exposure to the risk of being injured, destroyed, or lost : DANGER sanctum n. a sacred or holy place. sanctum : noise:: refuge : offence sanctum : intrude :: expository : inexplian sanctum <> bedlam, riot, tumult sanctimonious adj. feigning piety or righteousness sanctimonious : devoted :: unctuous : earnest unctuous adj. smooth and greasy in texture or appearance sand to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an abrasive (as sandpaper) varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth sand : dune :: word : sentence (water : canal ) sangfroid * * n. self-possession or imperturbability especially under strain; EQUANIMITY sang-froid : perturbation :: obstinacy : sway, flexibility
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sang-froid <> agitation sanguine adj. (color) of the color of blood; red; of a healthy reddish color; ruddy; cheerfully confident; optimistic sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic sanguine <> despondent, morose, hopeless, pallid despondent adj. dejected morose adj. sullenly melancholy; gloomy sanitation n. formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health censorship : information :: sanitation : disease noxious <> wholesome, sanitary, innocuous insanitation <> healthfulness sap to undermine the foundations of (a fortification); to deplete or weaken gradually; devitalize sap <>invigorate, fortify, bolster, revitalize, strengthen sapient adj. having great wisdom and discernment sapient <> foolish, witless sapling n. a young tree; one not over four inches in diameter at breast height sarcasm n. a form of wit that is marked by the use of sarcastic language and is intended to make its victim the butt of contempt or ridicule sarcasm <> praise sartorial adj. of or relating to a tailor, tailoring, or tailored clothing tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel tonsorial adj. of or relating to barbering or a barber sass n. impudent speech to talk impudently or disrespectfully to sass : impudent :: (c) sate * to satisfy (an appetite) fully; to satisfy to excess sate <> starve, leave wanting satiate to satisfy (an appetite or a desire) fully satiated : food :: saturated : moisture satiate <> tantalize, starve tantalize to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach satiety n. the quality or state of being fed or gratified to or beyond capacity : SURFEIT, FULLNESS satiety <> emptiness satirical * satire n. literary work holding up human vices and follies to ridicule or scorn panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow :: expository : explain satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire satirical : ridicule :: expository : explain satire <> comfort panegyric n. a eulogistic oration or writing; also : formal or elaborate praise; ENCOMIUM exposition n. discourse or an example of it designed to convey information or explain what is difficult to understand reportage adj. writing intended to give an account of observed or documented events limerick n. a light or humorous verse form of 5 chiefly anapestic verses
n. fine particles (as of wood) made by a saw in cutting soot : combustion :: sawdust : woodcutting wood : sawdust :: metal : filing sawdust : wood :: crumbs : bread soot n. the fine powder consisting chiefly of carbon that colors smoke
satisfactory adj. giving satisfaction : ADEQUATE satisfactory <> wanting
scads n. a large number or amount. often used in the plural scads <> paucity
saturated * adj. unable to hold or contain more; full; soaked with moisture; drenched satiated : food :: saturated : moisture small : minuscule :: moist : saturated obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet (>) saturated : wet :: peeved : annoy saturate : moisture :: thaw : warmth saturated <> desiccated minuscule adj. very small; tiny obliterate to remove utterly from recognition or memory peeve to make peevish or resentful : ANNOY thaw to be warm enough to melt ice and snow used with it in reference to the weather saturnine adj. melancholy or sullen; having or marked by a tendency to be bitter or sardonic despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy (=) saturnine <> jovial, genial, mercurial, effervescent despondency n. depression of spirits from loss of hope, confidence, or courage; dejection sardonic adj. scornfully or cynically mocking saucy adj. impertinent or disrespectful saunter to walk at a leisurely pace; stroll prate : speak :: saunter : walk prate to talk idly and at length; chatter savanna n. a flat grassland of tropical or subtropical regions savanna <> slope savant n. a learned person; a scholar savant <> unlearned person savory adj. appetizing to the taste or smell; piquant, pungent, or salty to the taste; not sweet; morally respectable; inoffensive mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste unsavory : flavor :: discordant : sound palatable : savory :: discernable : manifest savory <> noisome, acrid, unpalatable noisome adj. offensive to the point of arousing disgust; harmful or dangerous palatable adj. agreeable to the palate or taste acrid adj. sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or odor sawdust
savvy adj. well informed and perceptive; shrewd savvy <> simpleton, simplicity savvy <> tactless scabbard n. a sheath, as for a dagger or sword dagger : scabbard :: pistol : holster
scald to heat (a liquid, such as milk) almost to the boiling point; to criticize harshly; excoriate scale n. an instrument or machine for weighing gauge : pressure :: scale : weight color : spectrum :: tone : scale scale : weight :: yardstick : length color : spectrum :: tone : scale scalpel n. a small, straight knife with a thin, sharp blade used in surgery and dissection scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel scan to examine closely; to look over quickly and systematically scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scam n. a fraudulent or deceptive act or operation scant adj. barely sufficient; inadequately supplied; short scant : considerable :: (#) scant <> considerable, abundant, plenty, voluminous, profuse, myriad, affluent voluminous <> scanty, scarce myriad, profuse <> scanty scanty <> abundant considerable adj. large in extent or degree myriad adj. constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable scapegoat n. one that is made to bear the blame of others scarce adj. hard to find; absent or rare superfluity <> scarcity myriad <> few, scarce scarce <> rife, abound, abundant voluminous <> scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing scare to strike with sudden fear; alarm scare : terrified :: bully : scare :: scarp
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n. an escarpment scathing adj. bitterly denunciatory; harshly critical; harmful or painful; injurious scathing <> politely, calmly complimentary schematic adj. of, relating to, or in the form of a scheme or diagram scheme to plot; to contrive a plan or scheme for follow : shadow :: plan : scheme plan : scheme :: depart : abscond scepter n. royal or imperial authority : SOVEREIGNTY schism * n. a separation or division into factions; disunion; discord schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity (#) schism <> unity, concord, , unanimity, consensus school n. a large group of aquatic animals, especially fish, swimming together; a shoal school : fish :: flock : birds school : learning :: court : adjudicate school : education :: laboratory : experiment adjudicate to settle judicially; to act as judge scintillate to throw off sparks; flash; to sparkle or shine scintillate : flash :: scintillating <> dull, fool scion n. a descendant or an heir scion <> ancestor scission * n. an action or process of cutting, dividing, or splitting scission <> unification scissor s pestle : grinding :: scissors : cutting saw : carpenter :: scissors : tailor scoff to mock at or treat with derision pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive :: drawl : slow :: bluster : loud :: prate : aimless scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful scoff : contempt :: thank : gratitude pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way pompous adj. having or exhibiting self-importance derision n. the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt prate to talk idly and at length; chatter drawl to speak slowly with vowels greatly prolonged bluster to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats gratitude n. THANKFULNESS
lavish adj. expending or bestowing profusely score n. a musical composition director : script :: conductor : score script : writer :: score : composer script : drama :: score : music notes : score :: symbols : rebus score : instrument :: rebus n. a representation of words or syllables by pictures of objects or by symbols scorn to consider or treat as contemptible or unworthy to reject or refuse with derision scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter deferential : offend :: scornful : respect (#) redoubtable : regard, awe :: despicable : scorn, contempt, disregard venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn adulate, venerate <> scorn redoubtable adj. arousing fear or awe; worthy of respect scotch to put an abrupt end to to injure so as to render harmless scotch <> unfasten scotch <> encourage scour to clean, polish, or wash by scrubbing vigorously b. to remove by scrubbing scour : wash :: scourge n. one used to inflict pain or punishment scourge <> rewarding scowl to wrinkle or contract the brow as an expression of anger or disapproval scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection scrap to break down into parts for disposal or salvage to discard as worthless; junk scrap <> retrieve retrieve to RESTORE, REVIVE scrappy adj. quarrelsome; contentious scrappy <> timorous timorous adj. full of apprehensiveness; timid scrawl to write hastily or illegibly scrawl <> carefully write screw gear : tooth :: screw : thread
scooter oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter momentum n. a measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity.
scribble to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks tinker : adjust :: scribble : write :: mumble : talk tinker to make unskilled or experimental efforts at repair
scorch to burn superficially so as to discolor or damage the texture dampen <> scorch
scrimp to make too small, short, or scanty scrimp <> squander, lavish squander to spend extravagantly or foolishly : DISSIPATE
script director : script :: conductor : score script : drama :: score : music, symphony scrupulous adj. conscientious and exact; painstaking; having scruples; principled unscrupulous : integrity :: miserly : largess unscrupulous <> principled, circumspect, measured scrupulosity <> lack of conscience scrupulous <> dishonest, reckless probity n. integrity unscrupulousness miserly adj. marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness largess n. GENEROSITY reckless adj. marked by lack of proper caution : careless of consequences scrutable adj. capable of being understood through study and observation; comprehensible mysterious <> scrutable scrutinize * * * to examine or observe with great care; inspect critically scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim (>) scrutinize : glimpse, glance :: delve : skim (>) scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought (>) observe : scrutinize :: question : grill (<) headstrong : advice :: secretive : scrutiny, investigate scrutinize : examine :: delineate : describe (>) scrutinize : observe :: investigate : interrogate (>) scrutiny <> casual glance, cursory inspection scrutinize <> gloss over, examine cursorily inscrutable <> already proven delve to search deeply and laboriously glimpse to look briefly contemplate to PONDER, MEDITATE grill to question intensely headstrong adj. impatient of control, advice, or suggestions delineate to describe, portray, or set forth with accuracy or in detail investigate; to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically. interrogate; to examine by questioning formally or officially. Scuff to become scratched, chipped, or roughened by wear scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization sculptor canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor author : novel :: sculptor : marble statue : sculpture :: ode : poem scurrilous * * adj. expressed in vulgar, coarse, and abusive language scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy scurrilous <> noble, complimentary, inoffensive, decent, polite, respectful propriety n. APPROPRIATENESS mercurial adj. characterized by rapid and unpredictable changeableness of mood scurry to move around in an agitated, confused, or fluttering manner
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scurvy adj. mean; contemptible scurvy <> above reproach scurviness <> simplicity scythe n. an implement used for mowing (as grass) and composed of a long curving blade fastened at an angle to a long handle scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter seamy adj. sordid; base; UNPLEASANT; DEGRADED seamy <> decent and respectable seascape n. a view or picture of the sea portrait : person :: seascape : ocean secluded adj. removed or remote from others; solitary hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous secrete to generate and separate (a substance) from cells or bodily fluids; to conceal in a hiding place; cache secrete <> absorb secrete <> divulge divulge to make known (something private or secret) secretive * * adj. disposed to secrecy : not open or outgoing in speech, activity, or purposes frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft secretive : scrutiny :: headstrong : advice secretiveness <> honest scrutiny n. a searching study, inquiry, or inspection secular * adj. worldly rather than spiritual secular : sacred :: secular <> sacred, religious secure to make fast : SEAL secure <> unfasten sedate adj. serenely deliberate, composed, and dignified in character or manner sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sedation <> riot sedate <> flighty, roil, disturb, riot sedentary adj. characterized by or requiring much sitting; accustomed to sitting or to taking little exercise migratory, peripatetic <> sedentary, rooted sedition n. incitement of resistance to or insurrection against lawful authority seduce to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty; ATTRACT seduce <> discourage sedulous adj. persevering and constant in effort or application; assiduous
sedulous : assiduous :: bootless : futile (=) sedulous : sacred :: (=) sedulous <> careless, lazy sedulity <> lack of industriousness assiduous adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application bootless adj. USELESS, UNPROFITABLE futile adj. completely ineffective sacred adj. devoted exclusively to one service or use seedy adj. having many seeds; worn and shabby; unkempt seemly * adj. conforming to standards of conduct and good taste; suitable; of pleasing appearance; handsome ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct (#) seemly, sophisticated <> uncouth, ribald, indecorous ribald adj. CRUDE, OFFENSIVE uncouth adj. lacking in polish and grace : RUGGED indecorous adj. conflicting with accepted standards of good conduct or good taste seer n. a person credited with extraordinary moral and spiritual insight seethe * to be in a state of rapid agitated movement; to suffer violent internal excitement seethe <> serene , calm down segment to divide or become divided into segments segment <> make whole segment : unify :: segregate to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group selective adj. of or characterized by selection; discriminating selective <> obligatory self-abasement n. degradation or humiliation of oneself, especially because of feelings of guilt or inferiority self-abasement <> self-asserting, selfaggrandizement self-efffacing efface to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous self-effacing : envy :: impetuous: unobtrusive self-effacing <> self-aggrandizing, brazen, obtrusive semblance n. an outward or token appearance; a representation; a copy; the barest trace; a modicum semblance <>authentic article semblance <> dissimilarity seminal adj. containing or contributing the seeds of later development : CREATIVE, ORIGINAL seminal <> hampering further development seminal <> derivative
seminary n. especially a theological school for the training of priests, ministers, or rabbis conservatory : music :: seminary : theology seminary : theologian :: conservatory : artist senility n. the quality or state of being senile; specifically; the physical and mental infirmity of old age senility <> youth sensate adj. perceived by a sense or the senses numb <> sensate sensation n. a perception associated with stimulation of a sense organ or with a specific body condition analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous bribe : incorruptible :: affect, rouse : insensible sensation anesthesia, unnoticed event, numbness sensitive adj. receptive to sense impressions; highly responsive or susceptible; easily hurt or damaged obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp sensitization : allergic :: habituation : inured (=) sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton sensitive : boor :: sagacious : simpleton quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (>) tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion sensitive <> numb insensitive <> tender = sensitive sentimental, sentient <> unconscious sententious adj. terse, aphoristic, or moralistic in expression : PITHY, EPIGRAMMATIC sententious <> wordy sentient adj. having sense perception; conscious; experiencing sensation or feeling tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion sentient : consciousness :: diplomatic : tac sentient, sentimental <> unconscious insentient <> perceiving, animated sentinel n. one that keeps guard; a sentry sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating sentry n. a guard, especially a soldier posted at a given spot to prevent the passage of unauthorized persons sepsis n. the presence of pathogenic organisms or their toxins in the blood or tissues 2. the poisoned condition resulting from the presence of pathogens or their toxins, as in septicemia septic adj. of, relating to, or causing putrefaction septic <> free of infection sepulchral adj. of or elating to a burial vault or a receptacle for sacred
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relics; suggestive of the grave; funereal sepulchral <> merry sequel n. something that follows; a continuation; a literary work complete in itself but continuing the narrative of an earlier work sequela n. a pathological condition resulting from a disease; a secondary consequence or result precursor <> sequela sequester to cause to withdraw into seclusion; to remove or set apart; segregate sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy jeopardy risk of loss or injury; peril or danger sequester <> permit to mingle seraphic adj. an order of angels see CELESTIAL HIERARCHY seraphic dark, earthly, mundane (brittle ) diabolical <> seraphic diabolic, diabolical adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the devil sere adj. withered; dry sere <> lush, damp serendipity n. the faculty of making fortunate discoveries by accident serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance ineluctable adj. not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable serene adj. unaffected by disturbance; calm and unruffled; unclouded; fair perturb : serenity :: console : grief :: reassure : doubt perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety disturb : serenity :: intrude : privacy restless : serenity :: deferential : insolent serene <> tumultuous, vociferous serenity <> furor, havoc, pandemonium, tumult, bedlam, riot furor n. an outburst of public excitement or havoc n. disorder or chaos pandemonium n. a very noisy place; wild uproar bedlam n. a place or situation of noisy uproar sermon n. a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon :: quibbler : cavil homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument homiletics n. the art of preaching serfdom serf n. a member of a servile feudal class bound to the land and subject to the will of its owner serfdom <> lord serfdom <> feudal lord serpentine adj. of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement; sinuous; subtly sly and tempting serpentine : directness :: serrate
adj. having or forming a row of small, sharp, projections resembling the teeth or a saw serration <> smoothness serrated <>smooth, without notches notch n. a deep close pass : GAP serried adj. pressed or crowded together, especially in rows serried <> widely separated
shallow <> profound sham * n. something false or empty that is purported to be genuine; s spurious imitation debunk <> perpetuate to sham sham <> genuine, debunk perpetual adj. continuing forever : EVERLASTING debunk to expose or ridicule the falseness, sham, or exaggerated claims of
servile adj. abjectly submissive; slavish compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable (#) bellicose warlike in manner or temperament; pugnacious bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan tolerant, impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile (#) obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance chicanery n. deception by trickery or sophistry irrepressible adj. difficult or impossible to control
shard * n. a piece or fragment of a brittle substance shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake shard : pottery :: shard : porcelain :: morsel : food :: fragment : bone :: crumb : bread, cake (knob : door ) morsel n. a small quantity : FRAGMENT
sever to set or keep apart; divide or separate
shiftless adj. lacking ambition or purpose; lazy shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous, naive : guile ingenuous adj. showing or calling for intelligence, aptitude, or discernment
severe adj. rigorous in restraint, punishment, or requirement : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE mitigate : severe :: qualify : general palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity (=) mitigate to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or intensity; alleviate palmy adj. prosperous; flourishing shabby adj. wearing threadbare clothing shabby <> smart smart adj. NEAT, TRIM b : stylish or elegant in dress or appearance shackle * to confine with shackles; fetter shackle <> loose, free, unfasten, unfetter, untie, liberate, emancipate emancipate to free from bondage, oppression, or restraint shadowy * adj. UNSUBSTANTIAL; faintly perceptible : INDISTINCT, VAGUE follow : shadow :: leave : abscond :: plot : scheme :: hear, listen : shadowy <> overt, distinct, explicit overt adj. open and observable; not hidden or concealed scheme to make plans, especially secret or devious ones shaft, mineshaft n. a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the earth, as for mining ore; a tunnel shaft, mineshaft : lode :: well : aquifer shallow adj. measuring little from bottom to top or surface; lacking physical depth; lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowledge shallowness <> profundity, realization
shelter n. : something that covers or affords protection conspicuous : sheltered :: (#) hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter sheep sheep : ewe :: swan : pen
shiftiness * shifty adj. having, displaying, or suggestive of deceitful character; evasive or untrustworthy; distinguished by frequent changes in direction shifty : straightforwardness :: inept : competence shiftiness <> probity probity n. adherence to the highest principles and ideals : UPRIGHTNESS shipshape adj. marked by meticulous order and neatness; tidy shipshape : disarray :: squalid : cleanliness disarray n. a lack of order or sequence : CONFUSION shirk * to avoid or neglect (a duty or responsibility) duty : shirk :: question : parry :: crowd : recluse parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk recluse : society :: shirked : duty hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk shirk <> pass through the center, face, confront, seek parry to evade or turn aside something parsimony adj. unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or stinginess shiver to shake with or as if with cold; tremble to quiver or vibrate, as by the force of the wind shiver <> calm shoal n. a shallow place in a body of water adj. shallow; having little depth shoal <> deep shoal <> suspicion shopworn
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adj. worn-out, as from overuse; trite shopworn <> new shore to give support to shore <> hinder, weaken, obstruct shred n. a long, irregular strip cut or torn off; a small amount; a particle shred : remnant :: shrewd adj. characterized by keen awareness, sharp intelligence, and often a sense of the practical shrewd : naive :: (#) shrewdness <> obtuseness shrewd <> foolish, naive, naif, myopic, lack of discern naïf adj. naive shrine n. a place at which devotion is paid to a venerated person shrine : pilgrim :: peak : climber shrink to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold shrivel to become or make shrunken and wrinkled, often by drying shroud n. a cloth used to wrap a body for burial; a winding sheet to shut off from sight; screen , debunk <> shroud shrug to raise (the shoulders), especially as a gesture of doubt, disdain, or indifference embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference :: blush : embarrassment :: node : agreement shrug : indifference :: bow : respect shuffle to slide (the feet) along the floor or ground while walking; to put aside or under cover quickly; shunt shun to avoid deliberately; keep away from frequent, haunt <> shun shun <> frequent, haunt, seek actively shunt to turn or move aside or onto another course; to evade by putting aside or ignoring; to switch (a train or car) from one track to another divert : shunt :: retard : brake shuttle to go, move, or travel back and forth by or as if by a shuttle sibilant adj. characterized by, or producing a hissing sound hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous sidereal adj. relating to, or concerned with the stars or constellations; stellar arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars
star : sidereal :: emotion : affective fluvial : river :: sidereal : star : terrestrial : earth affective adj. concerned with or arousing feelings or emotions; emotional fluvial adj. relating to, or living in a stream or river terrestrial adj. relating to the earth or its inhabitants sidestep to step aside; to dodge an issue or a responsibility sidestep <> confront directly sieve n. a device with meshes or perforations through which finer particles of a mixture (as of ashes, flour, or sand) sieve : divide :: staple : collate
singe to burn superficially; scorch singe : incinerate :: erode : destruction singular adj. being only one; individual; being beyond what is ordinary or usual; remarkable worldly <> singular sinister adj. suggesting or threatening evil; attended by or causing disaster or inauspicious circumstances sinister : welcome :: (#) sinuous adj. characterized by many curves or turns; winding; not direct; devious
signal adj. notably out of the ordinary signal <> unremarkable
sinuate to bend or curve; wind in and out sinuous <> direct
simper to smile in a silly, self-conscious, often coy manner simper : smile :: babble : talk
sip to drink in small quantities sip : drink :: mince : walk swill, quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble :: quaff : sip :: stride : mince ruthless : mercy :: insipid : flavor swill <> sip swill to drink greedily or grossly stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way
simpleton n. a person who is felt to be deficient in judgment, good sense, or intelligence; a fool prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton :: constancy : turncoat turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : prudent simpleton <> sagacity sagacity n. the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom simplicity n. absence of affectation or pretense scurvy <> simplicity simple <> turgid scurvy adj. mean; contemptible simulate * to give or assume the appearance or effect of often with the intent to deceive : IMITATE simulation <> authentic article attest <> simulate attest to authenticate officially sin peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation (<) castigate to inflict severe punishment on sincere adj. being without hypocrisy or pretense; true authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness poseur <> sincere person badinage <> sincere conversation sinecure n. a position or office that requires little or no work but provides a salary sinecure <> arduous employment sinewy * sinew n. a tendon; vigorous strength; muscular power; the source or mainstay of vitality and strength tendinous : sinewy :: sinew <> weakness, frailty sinewy <> flaccid tendinous adj. consisting of tendons : SINEWY frail adj. easily broken or destroyed : FRAGILE flaccid adj. lacking vigor or force
siren n. a woman who sings with bewitching sweetness n. a device often electrically operated for producing a penetrating warning sound siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable siren : heard :: beacon : seen siren : sound :: beacon : light skeleton skeleton : animal :: framing : building rib : skeleton :: knuckle : finger :: lobe : ear skeptic n. one who instinctively or habitually doubts, questions, or disagrees with assertions or generally accepted conclusions penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous (#) skeptic : doubt : sycophant : fawn :: reprobate :transgress skeptic : credulous ::obdurate: penitent SKEPTICAL:CREDULITY" skeptic <> votary, credence, optimist, believer skeptical <> credulous skepticism <> credulity, conviction penitent adj. feeling or expressing remorse for one's misdeeds or sins obdurate adj. hardened in feelings votary n. ENTHUSIAST, DEVOTEE credence n. mental acceptance as true or real sketch to make a sketch, rough draft, or outline of fawn : imperious :: elaborate : sketchy (without) sketch <> describe at length skew adj. placed or turned to one side; asymmetrical skew <> aligned, straight, untwisting skimp to deal with hastily, carelessly, or with poor material
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to give inadequate funds to; be stingy with parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk skimpy <> liberal, profuse skimp <> lavish lavish to expend or bestow with profusion : SQUANDER skirmish n. a minor battle in war, as one between small forces or between large forces avoiding direct conflict; a minor or preliminary conflict or dispute skirmish : insignificance :: duel : formality skirt to lie along or form the edge of; border; to evade, as by circumlocution skirt <> seek, face, meet squarely skirt <> pass the center directly, pass through the center of skit n. a satirical or humorous story or sketch; a brief burlesque or comic sketch skit : revue :: vignette : scene :: skit : drama skit : play :: anecdote : narrative anecdote : story :: skit : play revue n. a theatrical production consisting typically of brief loosely connected often satirical skits, songs, and dances vignette n. a short descriptive literary sketch skittish * adj. lively or frisky in action : CAPRICIOUS b : VARIABLE, FLUCTUATING; easily frightened : RESTIVE skulk * move in a stealthy or furtive manner skulk <> proceed openly (react, move rashly ) slab to remove an outer slab from (as a log) slab <> sliver sliver to coat with a substance (as a metal) resembling slacken * to make or become slower; slow down; to make or become less tense, taut, or firm; loosen slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness slack : tension :: opaque : translucence slack <> taut slacken <> tauten taut adj. tightly drawn slake * * to satisfy (a craving); quench; to lessen the force or activity of; moderate slake : insatiable :: avoid : inevitable slake : thirst :: gratify : desire :: satiate : hunger gratify to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to slant to give a direction other than perpendicular or horizontal to; cause to slope slant <> assert without bias slapdash adj. hasty and careless, as in execution slate
n. a list of the candidates of a political party running for various offices roster : personnel :: slate : candidate sleazy adj. lacking firmness of texture : FLIMSY; marked by low character or quality sleazy <> chaste chaste adj. CLEAN, SPOTLESS
slothful adj. inclined to sloth : INDOLENT: LAZY slothful :: assiduity :: rakish : restraint sloth <> industry slothful <> assiduous assiduous adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application rakish adj. dashingly or carelessly unconventional : JAUNTY
sleek adj. smooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy; well-groomed and neatly tailored; 3. healthy or well-fed; thriving
slouch to sit, stand, or walk with an awkward, drooping, excessively relaxed posture slouch <> stand erect
sleet n. frozen or partly frozen rain soil : mud :: snow : sleet
slovenly * * adj. untidy, as in dress or appearance; lazily slipshod slovenliness : finical, finicky :: laxity : draconian indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper slovenly <> tidy, natty, dapper finical adj. extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards lax adj. not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK draconian n. CRUEL indulge to engage or take part, especially freely or avidly tidy adj. neat and orderly in appearance or habits natty adj. trimly neat and tidy : SMART dapper adj. neat and trim in appearance smart adj. NEAT, TRIM; stylish or elegant in dress or appearance
slew n. a large amount or number; a lot slew <> limited quantity, paucity slick adj. smooth, glossy, and slippery; superficially attractive or plausible but lacking depth or soundness; glib viscid <> slick viscid adj. having an adhesive quality : STICKY slight * * to treat as slight or unimportant : make light of; to treat with disdain or indifference; to perform or attend to carelessly and inadequately slight <> show respect to, cosset, lionize, compliment, respect, pay attention to cosset to treat as a pet : PAMPER lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance compliment to present with a token of esteem sling n. a hanging bandage suspended from the neck to support an arm or hand splint : immobilize :: sling : support slink to move in a quiet, furtive manner; sneak slink <> strut, walk openly strut to walk wit pompous bearing; swagger slippery adj. causing or tending to cause sliding or slipping dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery slippery : elude :: alluring : entice glisten to shine by reflection with a sparkling luster slipshod adj. marked by carelessness; sloppy or slovenly; slovenly in appearance; shabby or seedy slipshod <> assiduous, fastidious, painstaking, neat assiduous adj. marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent application fastidious slog to hit hard : BEAT; to plod heavily : TRAMP slog <> gambol gambol to skip about in play : FRISK, FROLIC sloppy adj. marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod sloppy <> natty
sluggard n. a slothful person; an idler rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy sluggish adj. displaying little movement or activity; slow; inactive; lacking alertness, vigor, or energy; inert or indolent sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve alacritous <> sluggish sluggish <> active, brisk, sharp, diligent, prompt alacrity n. promptness in response : cheerful readiness brisk adj. keenly alert : LIVELY sharp adj. full of activity or energy : BRISK prompt adj. performed readily or immediately sluice n. an artificial passage for water to wash with or in water running through or from a sluice sluice : water :: vent : air slumber slumber <> awake to sleep; to be dormant or quiescent quiescent adj. being quiet, still, or at rest; inactive slump to fall or sink suddenly; to drop or slide down suddenly : COLLAPSE slump <> recover slur * to pronounce indistinctly; to speak slightingly of; disparage slur : speech :: smudge : writing slur <> pronounce clearly, enunciate, praise, absolve, flatter smudge to make indistinct : BLUR enunciate to make a definite or systematic statement of
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sly * adj. adept in craft or cunning; lacking or marked by a lack of candor; playfully mischievous; roguish sly <> artless, ingenuous, candid, unassuming, uncalculating, naive, guileless (shiftless ) ingenuous adj. lacking craft or subtlety unassuming adj. not arrogant or presuming calculation n. cold heartless planning to promote self-interest smarmy adj. hypocritically, complacently, or effusively earnest; unctuous; sleek smarmy <> earnest smart to feel such a pain; to suffer acutely, as from mental distress, wounded feelings, or remorse adj. NEAT, TRIM; stylish or elegant in dress or appearance smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow smart <> soothe smart <> tatty, dumb, dowdy tatty adj. somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated dowdy adj. not neat or becoming in appearance : SHABBY smash to break or crush by violence; to destroy utterly : WRECK smattering n. superficial or piecemeal knowledge stare : leer :: peruse : smatter erudite <> smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered leer to look with a sidelong glance peruse to read or examine, typically with great care smirk to smile in an affected, often offensively selfsatisfied manner smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision smug adj. scrupulously clean, neat, or correct : TIDY sneer to speak or write in a scornfully jeering manner derision n. the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt smoke smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain (kind) smolder to burn sluggishly, without flame, and often with much smoke; to show suppressed anger, hate smolder <> seethe, boil, stir, burst smolder <> stifle, calm, smother smother to suffocate (another); to deprive (a fire) of the oxygen necessary for combustion smother : choke :: (=) smudge to make dirty, especially in one small area; to make indistinct : BLUR slur : speech :: smudge : writing smug adj. exhibiting or feeling great or offensive satisfaction with oneself or with one's situation; self-righteously complacent
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision primp : vain :: gloat : smug smug <> tatty, untidy primp to dress or groom (oneself) with meticulous or excessive attention to detail gloat to feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction smuggle to bring in or take out illicitly or by stealth collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate smuggler : tariff :: stowaway : fare (A doesn’t pay B) smuggle <> transport openly collude to CONSPIRE, PLOT embezzle to appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use tariff n. a duty or rate of duty imposed in such a schedule stowaway n. a person who hides in a ship or other vehicles in order to make a journey secretly or without paying snarl * to growl viciously wile baring the teeth; to speak angrily or threateningly; to become tangled or confused exoneration : blame :: disentangle : snarl (#) snarl <> coo snarl <> untangle, disentangle exonerate to clear from accusation or blame coo to talk fondly or amorously in murmurs sneer to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt; to speak or write in a scornfully jeering manner smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision (A show B) wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt smirk to smile in an affected or smug manner wince to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress pout to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips or wearing a sullen expression snobbish adj. of, befitting, or resembling a snob; pretentious attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish snub to ignore or behave coldly toward; slight; to restrain the action of : SUPPRESS dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen :: polite : snub snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty court <> snub snub <> polite snug adj. TRIM, NEAT; fitting closely and comfortably; enjoying or affording warm secure shelter or cover and opportunity for ease and contentment snug <> unkempt, slovenly, untidy, disheveled snug <> uncomfortable, insecure, (cramped) unkempt adj. deficient in order or neatness slovenly adj. untidy especially in personal appearance untidy adj. not neat : SLOVENLY disheveled adj. marked by disorder or disarray soak
to make thoroughly wet or saturated by or as if by placing in liquid b. to immerse in liquid for a period of time soaked, drenched : wet, damp :: exuberant : happy :: frigid : cool (A >> B) drenched : wet :: antithetic : different (>) castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp (>) exuberant adj. full of unrestrained enthusiasm or joy sober adj. marked by seriousness, gravity, or solemnity of conduct or character; marked by circumspection and self-restraint sumptuous, puckish, frivolous <> sober sumptuous adj. of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish puckish adj. mischievous; impish sobriety n. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment; moderation in or abstinence from consumption of alcoholic liquor or use of drugs sobriety <> sumptuousness, flippancy sumptuous adj. extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent flippant adj. marked by disrespectful levity or casualness; pert sodden adj. thoroughly soaked; saturated marsh : sodden :: desert : arid moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished sodden <> desiccated soggy adj. saturated or sodden with moisture; soaked; lacking spirit; dull solace adj. comfort in sorrow, misfortune, or distress; consolation solace : grief :: pacification : anger solder to serve as a bond between; join breach <> solder solemn adj. deeply earnest, serious, and sober jest <> solemnity solicitous * adj. anxious or concerned; extremely careful; meticulous solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch :: truculent : bellicosity solicitous <> unconcerned solicitude <> indifference flinch to withdraw or shrink from or as if from pain : WINCE truculent adj. DEADLY, DESTRUCTIVE bellicose adj. favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars solidify to make solid, compact, or hard; to make strong or united pulverize <> solidify soliloquy n. a dramatic monologue that gives the illusion of being a series of unspoken reflections soliloquy : play :: aria : opera solitude
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n. the state or quality of being alone or remote from others; a lonely or secluded place recluse : solitude :: toady : favor solitude <> gregariousness, companionship, company toady n. one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors : SYCOPHANT solvent * adj. capable of meeting financial obligations; (chemistry) capable of dissolving another substance coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed (without) regimen : health :: budget : solvency (A is for B) caustic : burn :: solvent : dissolve solvent <> precipitant bankruptcy <> solvency profligate adj. completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness regimen n. a systematic plan when designed to improve and maintain the health of a patient precipitant a. ; , n. insolvency n. ability to pay one's debts somatic adj. relating to, or affecting the body, especially as distinguished from a body part, the mind, or the environment; corporeal or physical somatic <> nonphysical somber adj. dark; gloomy; dull or dark in color; melancholy; dismal; serious; grave somber <> cherubic, droll somnolence n. a state of drowsiness; sleepiness; soporific inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert (LACK) insomnia : sleep :: dyslexia : read dyslexia n. word blindness sonata n. an instrumental musical composition typically of three or four movements in contrasting forms and keys dessert : meal :: epilogue : play :: coda : sonata sonnet n. a fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of fourteen lines that are typically five-foot iambics rhyming ing to a prescribed scheme sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric biography : nonfiction :: sonnet : poem sonnet : versemonger :: painting : daubster soothing adj. tending to soothe;having a sedative effect soothing <> grating nettle, vex, rankle, smart <> pacify, appease, soothe grate to FRET, IRRITATE rankle to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness smart to feel or endure distress, remorse, or embarrassment sop * * * n. a piece of food soaked or dipped in a liquid; something yielded to placate or soothe; a bribe to wet thoroughly : SOAK sop : dampen :: frigid : cool
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive :: snub : disdainful sopping : dampen :: frigid : cool (>) conciliate to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts subsidy n. grant or gift of money sophism * n. a plausible but fallacious argument; deceptive or fallacious argumentation sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money :: quack : practitioner alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive (A is to B) quack n. a pretender to medical skill exculpate to clear from alleged fault or guilt sophisticated * * adj. not in a natural, pure, or original state; highly complicated or developed : COMPLEX; devoid of grossness; finely experienced and aware; having a refined knowledge of the ways of the world cultivated especially through wide experience ingenue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness (LACK) sophisticated : uncouth :: (#) callow <> behaving with adult sophistication politic <> unsophisticated bucolic <> sophisticated cynic n. a faultfinding captious critic uncouth adj. a faultfinding captious critic ingenue n. an artless, innocent girl or young woman callow adj. lacking adult maturity or experience; immature politic adj. shrewdly tactful bucolic adj. relating to or typical of rural life sophomoric adj. exhibiting great immaturity and lack of judgment sophomoric <> mature, experienced soporific adj. inducing or tending to induce sleep; drowsy; tending to dull awareness soporific : sleep :: vaccination : immunity :: inoculation : immunity soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain soporific <> stimulant, provocative, invigorating, bracing, energetic, vital, exhilarating inoculate to introduce immunologically active into especially in order to treat or prevent a disease bracing adj. giving strength, vigor, or freshness vital adj. full of life and vigor : ANIMATED sordid adj. filthy or dirty; foul; depressingly squalid; wretched; morally degraded sordid <> honorable, noble, wholesome sound adj. SOLID, FIRM; also : STABLE; free from error, fallacy, or misapprehension ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity tenable <> unjustified, unsound decrepit <> sound soundproof to insulate so as to obstruct the passage of sound sparse adj. occurring, growing, or settled at widely spaced intervals; not thick or dense sparse <> rife, copious Spartan *
adj. rigorously self-disciplined or self-restrained; simple, frugal, or austere spartan <> sybaritic, indulgent, luxurious, luxuriant, sumptuous, voluptuous, opulent, forgiving, profligate sybaritic adj. VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST sumptuous adj. of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish voluptuous adj. LUXURIOUS opulent forgiving , spasmodic adj. acting or proceeding fitfully : INTERMITTENT ; subject to outbursts of emotional excitement : EXCITABLE spasmodic : persistent :: (without) spate n. a sudden flood, rush, or outpouring spate <> dearth, trickling flow, lack, abatement trickle n. a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement spatula n. a flat thin usually metal implement used especially for spreading or mixing soft substances, scooping, or lifting scoop : concave :: spatula : flat (c) specialist dabbler <> specialist specific generic <> specific specimen n. an individual, an item, or a part representative of a class, genus, or whole; a sample, as of tissue, blood, or urine, used for analysis and diagnosis specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse specious adj. having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious; deceptively attractive exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt specious : genuineness :: illusory : reality specious <> valid, veritable veritable adj. being truly so called; real or genuine speck n. a small spot, mark, or discoloration; a tiny amount; a bit mite : creature :: speck : amount spectator n. an observer of an event epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching spectrum n. : a continuum of color formed when a beam of white light is dispersed (as by passage through a prism) so that its component wavelengths are arranged in order hue, color : spectrum :: tone : scale speculative adj. involving, based on, or constituting intellectual speculation; theoretical rather than demonstrable conjecture <> restrain from the speculation speculative <> already proven conjecture n. inference from defective or presumptive evidence
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speed to make haste spendthrift n. one who spends money recklessly or wastefully craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal spendthrift <> miser craven adj. characterized by abject fear; cowardly spent * * adj. used up; consumed; exhausted of active or required components or qualities often for a particular purpose; drained of energy or effectiveness precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy (A lack B) spent : efficacy :: dated : currency :: pass? : popularity spent <> efficacious precarious adj. dependent on chance circumstances, unknown conditions, or uncertain dated adj. OUTMODED, OLD-FASHIONED efficacious adj. producing or capable of producing a desired effect spindly adj. slender and elongated, especially in a way that suggests weakness limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spineless adj. lacking courage or willpower plucky <> spineless spiny adj. bearing or covered with spines, thorns, or similar stiff projections; difficult; troublesome spiny <> smooth spire n. a structure or formation, such as a steeple, that tapers to a point at the top spire : church :: minaret : mosque minaret n. a tall slender tower of a mosque having one or more balconies from which the summons to prayer is cried by the muezzin mosque n. a building used for public worship by Muslims spiritual adj. of, relating to, consisting of, or having the nature of spirit; not tangible or material spiritual <> corporeal corporeal adj. not immaterial or intangible : SUBSTANTIAL spleen n. ill temper spleen <> good-will splendor n. great light or luster; brilliance squalor <> splendor squalid adj. sordid, dirty splint n. material or a device used to protect and immobilize a body part (as a broken arm) splint : mobility :: ballast : instability :: purchase : slippery :: lubricant : friction splint : immobilize :: duct : convey buttress : edifice :: splint : limb crumb : bread :: splint : wood
ballast n. something that gives stability purchase n. a mechanical hold or advantage applied to the raising or moving of heavy bodies duct n. a pipe, tube, or channel that conveys a substance buttress n. something that supports or strengthens edifice n. a large or massive structure limb n. a leg or arm of a human being splinter n. a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal, split or broken off from a main body crumb : bread :: splinter : wood splurge to indulge in an extravagant expense or luxury; To be showy or ostentatious; to spend extravagantly or wastefully. splurge : spend :: (>) spoil to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously cosseted <> unspoiled cosset to pamper spoke n. any of the projecting handles of a steering wheel of a boat spoke : hub :: radius : center spontaneous adj. arising from a natural inclination or impulse and not from external incitement or constraint juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization : spontaneous gauche : finesse :: spontaneous : planning spontaneous : planning :: spontaneous <> premeditated juggernaut n. a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or object that crushes whatever is in its path extemporization n. IMPROVISATION gauche adj. lacking social polish; tactless spoof n. nonsense; tomfoolery; a gentle satirical imitation; a light parody nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody ode : poetry :: spoof : parody nicety n. a fine point or distinction ode n. a lyric poem usually marked by exaltation of feeling and style, varying length of line, and complexity of stanza forms sporadic adj. occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order in time Sporadic <> regular, steady, chronic, frequent sprain n. a painful wrenching or laceration of the ligaments of a joint sprain : injury :: cold : contagion :: influenza : disease (kind) influenza n. an acute highly contagious disease sprightly adj. full of spirit and vitality; lively; brisk dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly hangdog <> sprightly spry
adj. lively, active, and brisk; vigorous spry <> devastated spunk n. SPIRIT, LIVELINESS spunk <> timidity spur to urge (a horse) on by the use of spurs; to incite or stimulate deter <> spur spurious adj. lacking authenticity or validity in essence or origin; not genuine; false spurious : authenticity :: (LACK) spurious <> authentic, genuine spuriousness <> authenticity spurn * * * to reject disdainfully or contemptuously; scorn; to kick at or tread on disdainfully spurn : reject :: despise : ignore (>) spurn : contempt :: apologize : regret spurn <> welcome willingly, want, desire, accept, court, crave, embrace, uphold, seek, take willingly spurned <> beloved court to seek the affections of crave to want greatly uphold to give support to squabble to engage in a disagreeable argument, usually over a trivial matter squabble : dispute, quarrel :: foible : failing tiff : squabble :: foible : failing tiff n. a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel foible n. minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior : WEAKNESS squalid n. dirty and wretched, as from poverty or lack of care; morally repulsive; sordid squalid, sordid <> pristine, immaculate, salubrious squall n. a brief, sudden, violent windstorm, often accompanied by rain or snow; a brief commotion squall : commotion :: flash : illumination squalor n. a filthy and wretched condition or quality squalor <> immaculateness, splendor, sincerity, ceremony, salubrity ceremony n. strict observance of formalities or etiquette squander * to spend wastefully or extravagantly; dissipate squandering : spend :: gluttony : eat proctor : supervise :: prodigal : squander squander : expend :: coercion : intimidate :: adulate : admire squander : meager :: conserve, hoard, husband <> waste, squander, exhaust squander skimp, scrimp skimp to save by or as if by skimping scrimp to be frugal or stingy square adj. exactly adjusted : precisely constructed or aligned
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squash to beat, squeeze, or press into a pulp or a flattened mass; crush; to put down or suppress; quash squash <> foment foment to promote the growth or development of squat adj. short and thick; low and broad; crouched in a squatting position squat <> tall and thin, lean squeamish adj. easily nauseated : QUEASY b : affected with nausea; excessively fastidious or scrupulous in conduct or belief; easily offended or disgusted squeamish : disgust :: tractable : manage (easy to B) squelch to crush by or as if by trampling; squash squelch, squash <> foment, kindle kindle to stir up : AROUSE squint, squiz to look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight squiz, squint : eye :: pucker : mouth pucker to gather into small wrinkles or folds stable adj. firmly established : FIXED, STEADFAST b : not changing or fluctuating : UNVARYING c : PERMANENT, ENDURING stabilize <> fluctuate, teeter stability <> inconstancy teeter to move unsteadily : WOBBLE, WAVER, VACILLATE stagnant * adj. motionless; not advancing or developing stagnant <> flowing, moving staid adj. marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-restraint : SOBER, GRAVE staid <> jaunty, puckish, jocular jaunty adj. sprightly in manner or appearance : LIVELY puckish adj. IMPISH, WHIMSICAL jocular adj. characterized by jesting : PLAYFUL stain to discolor, soil, or spot dye : stain :: stalemate n. a situation in which further action is blocked; a deadlock clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations stalk to walk with a stiff, haughty, or angry gait; to move threateningly or menacingly; to track prey or quarry collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter grazing : foragers :: stalking : hunter stalwart * adj. having or marked by imposing physical strength; firm and resolute; stout constant : stalwart :: judicious : sage stalwart : irresolution :: lank <> stalwart stalwart <> timorous, infirm, irresolute, gangling lank adj. long and lean; long, straight, and limp
timorous adj. of a timid disposition : FEARFUL irresolute adj. uncertain how to act or proceed : VACILLATING gangling adj. loosely and awkwardly built : LANKY stamina n. physical or moral strength to resist or withstand illness, fatigue, or hardship stamina <> frailty frail adj. easily broken or destroyed : FRAGILE stammer to speak with involuntary pauses or repetitions falter : act :: stammer : speak stammer : halting :: drone : monotonous stanch to stop or check the flow of (blood or tears, for example) to stop the flow of blood from (a wound) stanch <> let it flow standard adj. constituting or conforming to a standard especially as established by law or custom aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic standard <> atypical argot <> standard language, common verbalism atypical adj. not typical : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL argot n. an often more or less secret vocabulary and idiom peculiar to a particular group standoffish adj. somewhat cold and reserved stanza n. one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of meter, rhyme, and number of lines ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter :: prose : paragraph :: novel : paragraph :: symphony : movement stanza : line :: volume : issue stanza : poem, poetry :: movement : symphony :: paragraph : prose quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech prose <> verse stark * * adj. rigidly conforming; STRONG, ROBUST; BARREN, DESOLATE; having few or no ornaments : BARE; sharply delineated stark <> ornate, lavish, colorful stark <> productive stark <> weak stark <> indistinct, subtle, hidden (useful ) starry-eyed adj. characterized by dreamy, impracticable, or utopian thinking : VISIONARY startle to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start; to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch startle <> lull, cause tranquil (-appease ) stasis * n. a condition of balance among various forces; motionlessness stasis <> changing period, period of change, activity, moving, disequilibrium, motility equilibrium n. a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static motile adj. exhibiting or capable of movement
static adj. having no motion; being at rest; quiescent; fixed; stationary static : movable :: pliable : inflexible motile <> static motile adj. moving or having the power to move spontaneously stature n. the natural height of a human being or an animal in an upright position stature : tall :: sound, volume : loud status n. position relative to that of others; standing abase : status :: shorten : length, height staunch adj. steadfast in loyalty or principle staunch <> irresolute , wavering steadfast adj. fixed or unchanging; steady; firmly loyal or constant; unswerving capricious <> steadfast stealth n. the act of moving, proceeding, or acting in a covert way; the quality of characteristic of being furtive or covert caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied steep to soak in liquid in order to cleanse, soften, or extract a given property from; to infuse or subject thoroughly to; to make thoroughly wet; saturate collapse : implode :: steep : immerse precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness steep <> parch stench n. a strong, foul odor; a stink stench : nose :: din : ear stencil n. an impervious material (as a sheet of paper, thin wax, or woven fabric) perforated with lettering or a design through which a substance stencil : lettering :: pattern : sewinga stentorian * adj. extremely loud audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious, manifest (<) stentorian <> faint faint adj. lacking strength or vigor : performed, offered, or accomplished weakly or languidly sterile adj. not producing or incapable of producing offspring; not producing or incapable of producing seed, fruit spores, or other reproductive structure sterile : bacteria :: impeccable : flaws plain : austere :: clean : sterile sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize sterilize <> contaminate verdant <> sterile verdant adj. green with growing plants stickler n. one who insists on something unyieldingly; something puzzling or difficult
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stickler : approximation, imprecision :: purist : adulteration stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary :: defeatist : resigned stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety (without) stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected (#) defeatist a person who surrenders easily or is subject to defeatism resign to give (oneself) over without resistance pedagogue n. TEACHER, SCHOOLMASTER indoctrinate to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments : TEACH imprecise adj. not precise : INEXACT, VAGUE prude n. a person who is excessively or priggishly attentive to propriety or decorum derelict adj. lacking a sense of duty : NEGLIGENT affected adj. assumed artificially or falsely : PRETENDED poseur n a person who pretends to be what he or she is not
3. to dot, fleck, or speckle stipple : dot :: striate : band :: penetrate : hole stria n. a stripe or line (as in the skin) distinguished from the surrounding area by color, texture, or elevation
stiff adj. not easily bent : RIGID b : lacking in suppleness or responsiveness numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness suppleness <> stiffness, rigidness supple adj. capable of being bent or folded without creases, cracks, or breaks : PLIANT
stitch n. a single complete movement of a threaded needle in sewing or surgical suturing tile : mosaic :: stitch : sampler
stifle to interrupt or cut off (the voice, for example); to keep in or hold back; repress stifle <> foment, foster stigmatize to describe or identify in opprobrious terms opprobrium n. : public disgrace or ill fame that follows from conduct considered grossly wrong or vicious stigmatize : contempt :: bemoan : regret stigma <> mark of esteem bemoan to express deep grief or distress over still adj. devoid of or abstaining from motion stilted adj. stiffly or artificially formal; stiff stimulant n. an agent (as a drug) that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or efficiency of an organism or any of its parts stint to restrict or limit, as in amount or number; be sparing with lavish <> stint stingy adj. giving or spending reluctantly; scanty or meager miser : stingy :: sage : judicious :: loner : solitary insensible : boor :: stingy : miser generosity <> stinginess generously <> stingily loner (lone wolf) n. one who avoids the company of other people stipple to draw, engrave, or paint in dots or short strokes to apply (paint, for example) in dots or short strokes
stipulate to make an agreement or covenant to do or forbear something : CONTRACT; to demand an express term in an agreement used with request : command :: propose : stipulate stipulation <> tacit requirement tacit adj. arising without express contract or agreement stir to cause an especially slight movement or change of position of; to disturb the quiet of : AGITATE exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir dissipate : stir :: (>) impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge appetite n. a strong with or urge
stock adj. kept regularly in stock; repeated regularly without any thought or originality; routine census : population :: inventory : stock stock <> unique stockade n. a similar fenced or enclosed area, especially one used for protection stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support stodgy adj. dull, unimaginative, and commonplace; extremely old-fashioned : HIDEBOUND mawkish : sentimental :: mad : excited :: stodgy : conservative :: foolhardy : adventurous (>) stodgy <> exciting mawkish adj. sickly or puerilely sentimental stoic * adj. not affected by or showing passion or feeling; especially; firmly restraining response to pain or distress stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy (not to B) stoic : perturb :: perfectionist : satisfy stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged stoic <> liberal, complaining, intolerant, sentimental, responsive, fervid, impassioned, gushing, maudlin avaricious adj. immoderately desirous of wealth or gain; greedy maudlin adj. drunk enough to be emotionally silly gush to make an effusive display of affection or enthusiasm stoke to stir up and feed (a fire or furnace); to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace) stoke : fuel :: irrigate : water stoke : fuel :: garnish : decoration garnish to DECORATE, EMBELLISH stolid adj. having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; impassive stolid <> excitable, emotional
stomach to bear; tolerate stomach <> refuse to tolerate stopgap n. something that serves as a temporary expedient : MAKESHIFT stopgap : temporary :: stonewall n. a. to engage in delaying tactics; stall b. to refuse to answer or cooperate stonewall <> cooperate fully stouthearted adj. brave; courageous pusillanimous <> stouthearted pusillanimous adj. lacking courage; cowardly straggle to stray or fall behind; to proceed or spread out in a scattered or irregular group strait n. a narrow channel joining two larger bodies of water; a position of difficulty, perplexity, distress, or need isthmus : land :: strait : water isthmus n. a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas stratagem n. a military maneuver designed to deceive or surprise an enemy stratagem : deceive :: concession : placate stratify to form, arrange, or deposit in layers; to arrange or separate into castes, classes, or social levels stratification : layer :: perforation : hole stratify <> homogenize stray adj. straying or having strayed; wandering or lost; scattered or separated digressive : topic, subject :: stray : group strength slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength strenuous adj. requiring great effort, energy, or exertion; vigorously active; energetic or zealous stress n. importance, significance, or emphasis placed on something stress <> de-emphasis strew to spread by scattering strew <> collect striate * to mark with striae or striations grooved : striating :: braided : stranded stipple : dot :: striate : band striated : groove :: dappled : spot groove n a long narrow channel or depression braid n. a narrow fabric of intertwined threads used especially for trimming strand n. fibers or filaments twisted, plaited, or laid parallel to form a unit for further twisting or plaiting into yarn, thread, rope, or cordage stricture
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n. a restraint, limit, or restriction; an adverse remark or criticism; censure eulogy <> stricture stride to walk with long steps, especially in a hasty or vigorous way; to take a single long step, as in passing over an obstruction quaff : sip :: stride : mince strident adj. loud, harsh, grating, or shrill; discordant stridency : sound :: acridity : odor :: garishness : appearance garish adj. offensively or distressingly bright : GLARING strike to produce by stamping strike : medal :: mint : coin mint n. a place where coins, medals, or tokens are made stringent adj. imposing rigorous standards of performance; severe stringent <> lax lax adj. deficient in firmness : not stringent strip to remove clothing, covering, or surface matter from bedeck <> strip bedeck to adorn or ornament in a showy fashion strut to walk with pompous bearing; swagger strut : walk :: pontificate : speak strut n. a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the direction of its length strut : wing :: buttress : wall :: guy : pylon guy n a rope, chain, rod, or wire attached to something as a brace or guide pylon n a tower for supporting either end of usually a number of wires over a long span studio studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist stultify * * * to cause to appear or be stupid, foolish, or absurdly illogical; to impair, invalidate, or make ineffective : NEGATE stultify <> animate, stir, excite, stimulate, enliven, inspire stultifying <> stimulating enliven to give life, action, or spirit to : ANIMATE stumble to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and almost fall; to make a mistake; blunder stumble <> win out stun to daze or render senseless, by or as if by a blow to overwhelm or daze with a loud noise stunt to check the growth or development of obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth nurture <> stunt stupefy
to dull the senses or faculties of; to amaze; astonish stupor n. a state of reduced or suspended sensibility; a state of mental numbness, as that resulting from shock; a daze stupor : alert :: despair : hopeful sturdy adj. having or showing rugged physical strength; vigorous or robust sturdy <> decrepit, weak, feeble, powerless decrepit adj. wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of old age stygian adj. gloomy and dark stygian : dark :: abysmal : low (>) stylus n. a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking, or engraving stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting stymie to thwart; stump stymie <> abet, promote, foster subdue to conquer and subjugate; vanquish; to quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make tractable impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued (#) subdue <> inflame, burgeon subdued <> unruly, flamboyant indomitable <> easily subdued subject n. one who is under the rule of another or others, especially one who owes allegiance to a government or ruler potentate <> subject potentate n. RULER, SOVEREIGN; broadly : one who wields great power or sway subjugate to bring under control; conquer; to make subservient; enslave blur : definition :: subjugate : independence subjugation <> liberation subjugate <> enfranchise sublime * adj. characterized by nobility; majestic; of high spiritual, moral, or intellectual worth; not to be excelled; supreme; inspiring awe; impressive sublime : awe :: sublime <> ridiculous, base, common, worthless, despicable, furtive, laughable, not suitable, stealthy furtive adj. done by stealth : SURREPTITIOUS subliminal adj. below the threshold of conscious perception subliminal <> at a perceptible level submerge * to place under water; to cover with water; to hide from view; obscure hamper, impede submerge : buoyant :: bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble submerge : water :: inter : earth submissive adj. inclined or willing to submit
insubordinate : submissive :: capricious : deliberate submissive <> imperious imperious adj. COMMANDING, DOMINANT subordinate adj. belonging to a lower or inferior class or rank; secondary 2. subject to the authority or control of another principal <> subordinate tractable <> insubordinate, intransigent, incorrigible, obstinate subpoena n. a writ requiring appearance in court to give testimony writ a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act lien : claim :: subpoena : command subpoena : witness :: conscript : soldier lien n. the right to take and hold or sell the property of a debtor as security or payment for a debt or duty subservient adj. subordinate in capacity or function; obsequious; servile willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning subservient : insubordinate willful adj. obstinately and often perversely selfwilled subside to sink to a lower or normal level; to become less agitated or active; abate subside <>withhold pressure, intensify subside <> wax wax to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or intensity subsidiary adj. serving to assist or supplement; auxiliary; secondary in importance; subordinate preponderant <> subsidiary preponderant adj. having superior weight, force, importance, or influence subsidize to purchase the assistance of by payment of a subsidy; to aid or promote (as a private enterprise) with public money sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive subsidy : support :: debt : obligation (=) subsidize <> hinder, impede, obstruct, reject, undermine sop to give a bribe or conciliatory gift to dept n. something owed : OBLIGATION substantial adj. of, relating to, or having substance; material; true or real; not imaginary groundless : substantial :: (#) substantial <> trivial, diaphanous, vaporous, vague, tenuous substantiate to support with proof or evidence; verify substantiate <> disapprove, controvert controvert to raise arguments against; voice opposition to substantiated <> inane unsubstantiated <> verified substantiation <> disproof substantive
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adj. substantive negotiations or issues deal with the most important and central aspects of a subject. (formal) substantive <> trivial
retinue : attendant :: suite : room
subterfuge * n. a deceptive stratagem or device candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate (without) subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour subterfuge <> openness decant to pour from one vessel into another brash adj. done in haste without regard for consequences
sullen adj. howing a brooding ill humor or silent resentment; morose or sulky; gloomy or somber in tone, color, or portent sullen <> lively, affable, elated, bright, friendly
subtle adj. so slight as to be difficult to detect or analyze; elusive subtle : ignore :: salient : observe subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead palpable, blatant, obvious <> subtle salient adj. strikingly conspicuous; prominent subvert * to destroy completely; ruin; to undermine the character, morals, or allegiance of; corrupt; to overthrow completely sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation subversion : undermine :: acquisition : accumulate subvert <> reinforce, establish, promote, ratify, uphold ratify to approve and sanction formally : CONFIRM succinct * * adj. characterized by clear, precise expression in few words; concise and terse loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly (#) babble <> express succinctly succinctness <> verbosity, prolixity, circumlocution voluble, prolix, verbose <> taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent succinct <> lengthy, prolonged, unabridged, verbose, wordy, voluble, loquacious, prolix circumlocution <> succinct expression adroit adj. dexterous; deft succor * * to go to the aid of : RELIEVE succor : relief :: caution : warning succor <> aggravate, withdraw assistance, deny aid, hinder, impede, oppose, prevent, undermine, discourage, inhibit succulent * adj. full of juice or sap; highly interesting or enjoyable; delectable succulent <> desiccated, dry (languid ) suffocate to kill or destroy by preventing access of air or oxygen suffocate : oxygen :: starve : nutrients suffuse to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light tint : suffuse :: amble : wander candy : sugar :: tire : rubber suggestible adj. readily influenced by suggestion suite n. a series of connected rooms used as a living unit
sulky adj. sullenly aloof or withdrawn; gloomy; dismal sulky <> rejoicing
sully * to mar the cleanness or luster of; soil or stain sullied : cleanness :: sully <> cleanse summary a. 1. presenting the substance in a condensed form; concise; performed speedily and without ceremony compendium : summary :: anthology : collection aside : digression :: summary : excerpt summary <> protracted summarily <> after long deliberation protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong
superfluous * adj. being beyond what is required or sufficient pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity terseness : superfluous :: transitory : permanent superfluous : indispensable :: indigent : wealthy (#) superfluous <> elemental, integral pertinent adj. having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand transitory adj. tending to pass away : not persistent indispensable adj. absolutely necessary : ESSENTIAL indigent adj. totally lacking in something specified superimpose to lay or place (something) on or over something else; to add as a distinct feature, element, or quality superimpose : above :: insert : between supine adj. lying on the back or having the face upward; marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or blameworthy indifference vigilant <> oblivious, unalert, slack, negligible, supine
summit n. the highest point or part; the top crest : wave :: summit, peak : mountain roof : room :: summit : mountain nadir <> summit
supplant to usurp the place of, especially through intrigue or underhanded tactics supplant : replace :: snatch : take
summon to call together; convene; to request to appear; send for 3. (law) to order to appear in court by the issuance of a Summons; to order to take a specified action; bid command : request :: summon : invite (>) summons : citation :: summon <> dismiss
supple adj. readily bent; pliant; moving and bending with agility; limber; yielding or changing readily; compliant or adaptable numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless suppleness <> stiffness, rigidness spineless adj. free from spines, thorns, or prickles
sumptuous adj. of a size or splendor suggesting great expense; lavish sumptuous <>ascetic, frugal, spartan, sober sumptuousness <> sobriety sobriety n. gravity in bearing, manner, or treatment sunder * * to break or wrench apart; sever collapse : implode :: divide : sunder sunder <> connect, link, combine, bond, yoke, merge, coalesce, conjoin, tether, unite, meld yoke to put to work coalesce to unite into a whole : FUSE tether to tie, fasten meld to MERGE, BLEND supercilious * * adj. feeling or showing haughty disdain supercilious : hauteur :: supercilious <> obsequious, humble, groveling superciliousness <> humility grovel to lie or creep with the body prostrate in token of subservience or abasement b to abase oneself superficial adj. of, affecting, or being on or near the surface; apparent rather than actual or substantial; trivial; insignificant superficial <> central, profound
supplement n. something added to complete a thing, make up for a deficiency, or extend or strengthen the whole supplement : additional :: placebo : innocuous supplicate to ask for humbly or earnestly, as by praying; to make a humble entreaty to; beseech protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat (>) supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious supplicate <> demand protest to express strong objection; to make an earnest avowal or affirmation beseech n. coquette, a flirt supposition n. something supposed; an assumption supposition <> certainty suppress to put an end to forcibly; subdue; to curtail or prohibit the activities of suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke suppress <> stimulate, catalyze, unrestrain surcharge n. an additional sum added to the usual amount or cost; an additional or excessive burden; an overload surcharge <> shortfall surfeit * to feed or supply to excess, satiety, or disgust
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surfeit <> deficiency, deprivation, insufficient supply, famish, starve, dearth, depletion, lack, emptiness, thinness famish to suffer for lack of something necessary thin adj. scantily supplied surgeon n. a physician specializing in surgery scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer surmise to imagine or infer on slight grounds surmise <> mention conclusively surmount to prevail over : OVERCOME surpass to be beyond the limit, powers, or capacity of; transcend to be or go beyond, as in degree or quality; exceed surrender to relinquish possession or control of to another because of demand or compulsion inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated surrender <> appropriate inalienable adj. incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred propitiate to APPEASE, CONCILIATE appropriate to take or make use of without authority or right surreptitious * adj. obtained, done, or made by clandestine or stealthy means; acting with or marked by stealth surreptitious : secrecy :: peril : danger surreptitious <> barefaced, aboveboard, overt, open, forthright surrogate n. one that takes the place of another; a substitute suspend * to bar for a period from a privilege, office, or position, usually as a punishment; to cause to stop for a period; interrupt suspend <> erect, invoke, let fall, continue, sustain, begin, proceed, resume, abet, aid, rise, admit, welcome erect to ENCOURAGE, EMBOLDEN suspicion n. the act of suspecting something, especially something wrong, on little evidence or without proof ant. belief, certainty, confidence, dependence, faith, reliance, trust enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia (<) innuendo : suspicion :: (=) innuendo n. an indirect or subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression derogatory adj. disparaging; belittling sustain to keep in existence; maintain; to support the spirits, vitality, or resolution of; encourage sustain <> exude(?), terminate sustenance <> termination sustain <> weaken, undermine exude to display conspicuously or abundantly suture
n. the process of joining two surfaces or edges together along a line by or as if by sewing suture <> incision, avulsion
Spartan <> Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious indulgent adj. showing, characterized by, or given to indulgence; lenient
svelte adj. slender or graceful in figure or outline; slim svelte <> plump, paunchy and awkward, chubby plump adj. AMPLE, ABUNDANT paunchy having a potbelly
sycophant * * * * n. a servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering influential people sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee sycophant : obsequious :: narcissist : self absorbed sycophant : obsequious :: libertine : dissolute sycophant : fawn :: miser : hoard :: dandy : preen :: pundit : opine :: reprobate : misbehave :: skeptic : doubt (ruffian : tease ) sycophantic : obsequious :: pontificate : dogmatic (=) sycophant : obsequiousness :: rival : competition :: extortionist : intimidation :: malcontent : complaint sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : insurgent frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse curry to seek to gain favor by flattery or attention obsequious adj. full of or exhibiting servile compliance; fawning opine to express opinions reprobate to condemn strongly as unworthy dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices reprobate n. a morally unprincipled person pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way insurgent adj. rising in opposition to civil authority or established leadership : REBELLIOUS
swagger to walk or conduct oneself with an insolent or arrogant air; strut; to brag; boast blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger imperious : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger swagger : bravado :: caress : affection (A show B) swamp n. a situation or place fraught with difficulties and imponderables imponderable adj. that cannot undergo precise evaluation swarthy adj. of a dark color, complexion, or cast swarthy <> pallid swath n. a long broad strip or belt swath <> narrowness; vastness swearword n. an obscene or blasphemous word accolade <> swearword sweltering adj. oppressively hot and humid; sultry; suffering from oppressive heat sweltering <> frigid swerve to turn aside or be turned aside abruptly from a straight course unswerving : conciliate :: unswerving : vacillatory :: capricious : deliberate swerve <> maintain direction unswerving <> changing, deviating, yielding swill to drink or eat greedily or grossly; to flood with water, as for washing swill : sip :: gobble : nibble swill <> sip swindle to cheat or defraud of money or property; to obtain by fraudulent means implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert swing oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter momentum n. measure of the motion of a body equal to the product of its mass and velocity. = sybarite * * n. VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST; a person devoted to pleasure and luxury; a voluptuary sybarite : ascetic :: sybarite <> ascetic
syllabus n. an outline or a summary of the main points of a text, lecture, or course of study syllabus : course :: agenda : meeting syllogism n. reasoning from the general to the specific; deduction remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove sylvan adj. relating to or characteristic of woods or forest regions.; abounding in trees; wooded. sylvan : forest :: fluvial : river :: sidereal : star :: terrestrial : earth :: arboreal : tree symbiosis * n. (biology) a close, prolonged association between two or more different organisms of species that may, but does not necessarily, benefit each member parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent symbiosis <> agonizing association, unrelated growth symbiotic <> independent, counteractive, disunited, divided, separate, uncooperative, uncoordinated symmetry n. balanced proportions symmetry <> disproportion sympathetic adj. of, expressing, feeling, or resulting from sympathy callous <>sympathetic
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callous adj. emotionally hardened; unfeeling
windbag n. an exhaustively talkative person
symphony instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer stanza : poem :: movement : symphony symphony : conductor :: film : director exhibition : painting :: concert : symphony
tackle n. an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling bolster : support :: tackle : hoist
synchronous adj. occurring or existing at the same time synchronous <> uncontemporary, occurring at different times, out-of phase synergic adj. COOPERATING; of or relating to synergy synergic <> antagonistic synonymous adj. having the same or a similar meaning synonymous : meaning :: interchangeable : function synopsis n. a brief outline or general view, as of a subject or written work; an abstract or a summary synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative synopsis <> protraction synoptic <> protracted protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong synthesis n. the combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole synthesis <> analysis synthesize to combine so as to form a new, complex product; to form or produce by chemical synthesis synthesize <> break into parts, take apart, fragment fragment systematic adj. of, characterized by, based on, or constituting a system systematic <> haphazard T tacit adj. not spoken; implied by or inferred from actions or statements tacit : infer :: encoded : decode, decipher tacit <> expressly stated, directly expressed, explicit, communicative stipulation <> tacit requirement stipulation n. a condition, requirement, or item specified in a legal instrument taciturn * * * adj. habitually untalkative taciturn : chatter :: insufferable : tolerate :: magnanimous : begrudge taciturn : talk, word :: stingy : money expansive, glib, prolix, loquacious, verbose, voluble <> taciturn, laconic, succinct, reticent, withdrawn, limited verbosity, volubility, windbag <> taciturnity taciturn <> talkative, prolix, garrulous, loquacious taciturnity <> garrulousness glib adj. marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing often to the point of being insincere or deceitful
tacky adj. somewhat sticky to the touch adj. not having or exhibiting good taste; marked by lack of style : DOWDY; marked by cheap showiness : GAUDY tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel tacky <> appropriate, seemly, genteel, proper scalpel n. a small straight thin-bladed knife used especially in surgery tact adj. acute sensitivity to what is proper and appropriate in dealing with others, including the ability to speak or act without offending tact : offensive :: money : poor (LACK) gaffe : tactless :: (c) obstinate : preserve :: tactless, insensitive : offend savvy <> tactless savvy adj. well informed and perceptive; shrewd tactile adj. perceptible to the sense of touch; tangible tactile : touch :: affective : emotion tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion tadpole n. a frog or toad larva that has a rounded body with a long tail bordered by fins and external gills soon replaced by internal gills and that undergoes a metamorphosis to the adult tadpole : frog :: caterpillar : butterfly tag tag : identify :: canopy : cover tailor n. a person whose occupation is making or altering outer garments tainted * taint to affect with decay or putrefaction; spoil; to corrupt morally taint <> integrity, wholesomeness, purity tainted <> commendable, unspoiled, wholesome, pristine, unadulterated, unblemished, uncontaminated, wholesome blemish to mar or impair by a flaw
humans : DOMESTICATED; lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite : INSIPID ; submissive; docile; fawning tame : tractable :: tame <> fortify, strengthen tame <> racy, wild, unmanageable racy adj. full of zest or vigor tamper to interfere in a harmful manner; to tinker with rashly or foolishly; to engage in improper or secret dealings, as in an effort to influence tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate tangential * adj. only superficially relevant; divergent tangential <> essential, central, vital, elemental tangible adj. discernible by the touch; palpable; capable of being precisely identified or realized by the mind; capable of being appraised at an actual or approximate value initial, incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite (?) initial, incipient : realized :: moribund : dead :: tangible : indentified (→) (my own guess) tangible <> unable to perceive, indefinite, immaterial incipient adj. beginning to come into being or to become apparent moribund adj. being in the state of dying : approaching death tang n. a distinctively sharp taste, flavor, or odor, as that of orange juice tangy <> bland tantalize * to excite (another) by exposing something desirable while keeping it out of reach; to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach tease : tantalize :: tantalize <> comfort, console, solace, alleviate, assuage, ease, relieve, satiate, disgust, repulse, disenchant, compliment, respect disenchant to free from illusion tantamount * adj. equivalent in effect of value tantamount <> incommensurate, different, not equivalent, opposite, unequal, incomparable, unmatching commensurate adj. equal in measure or extent : COEXTENSIVE
talisman n. an object marked with magic signs and believed to confer on its bearer supernatural powers or protection incantation : utterance :: talisman : object (A is a kind of B+ ) incantation n. Ritual recitation of verbal charms or spells to produce a magic effect.
tantrum n. a fit of bad temper tantrum <> pacification
talon n. the claw of an animal and especially of a bird of prey talon : eagle :: claw : panther
tapestry n. a heavy cloth woven with rich, often varicolored designs or scenes, usually hung on walls for decoration and sometimes used to cover furniture chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy :: filigree : delicacy
tame adj. reduced from a state of native wildness especially so as to be tractable and useful to
taper to become gradually narrower or thinner toward one end to diminish or lessen gradually abate : intensity :: taper : width
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tardy adj. occurring, arriving, acting, or done after the scheduled, expected, or usual time; late; moving slowly; sluggish tardy : prompt :: guile : naif, naive :: fatigue : tireless (#) tarnish * * to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to air or dirt; to detract from or spoil; taint luster : tarnish :: abate : strength (strength : reinforce ) silver : tarnish :: iron : rust tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitrify to change or make into glass or a glassy substance tarpaulin * * n. material, such as waterproofed canvas, used to cover and protect things from moisture tarpaulin : protect :: lock : secure (hinge : fasten ) tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment (category) caveat n. a legal warning to a judicial officer to suspend a proceeding until the opposition has a hearing garment n. an article of clothing tasty * adj. having a pleasing flavor; savory; having or showing good taste; tasteful tasty <> uninteresting, insipid tatty * adj. somewhat worn, shabby, or dilapidated tatty <> smart, tidy, dapper, valuable, fresh smart adj. NEAT, TRIM b : stylish or elegant in dress tidy adj. neat and orderly in appearance or habits dapper adj. neat and trim in appearance taunt to reproach in a mocking, insulting, or contemptuous manner; to drive or incite (a person) by taunting taunt : insult :: flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge (>) taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit (to B by A) flout to show contempt for; scorn outwit to get the better of by superior cleverness plot n. the plan or main story of a literary work taut * adj. pulled or drawn tight; not slack; strained; tense; kept in trim shape; neat and tidy; not loose or flabby; marked by economy of structure and detail slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength (A reduces B) taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu (#) loosen, slacken, floppy <> tauten taut <> slack, lax, loose, unfirm, negligent, floppy dilute to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by admixture commodious adj. comfortably or conveniently spacious purlieu n. a frequently visited place lax adj. not tense, firm, or rigid : SLACK floppy adj. being both soft and flexible *NEGLIGENT, NEGLECTFUL, LAX, SLACK, REMISS mean culpably careless or indicative of such carelessness
tawdry adj. gaudy and cheap in nature or appearance tawdry : garment :: grandiloquence : language tawdriness <> sophistication, nicety tawdry <> elegant, refined, exquisite garment n. an article of clothing exquisite adj. pleasing through beauty, fitness, or perfection taxing adj. burdensome; wearing onerous troublesome or oppressive; burdensome taxing <> light, easy taxonomy n. the classification of organisms in an ordered system that indicates natural relationships; the science, laws, or principles of classification; systematics taxonomist : classify :: carpenter : build tear * to pull apart or into pieces by force; rend to make (an opening) by ripping tear <> tether, yoke, attach, fix, clinch, bolt tether to fasten or restrict with or as if with a tether clinch to hold fast or firmly bolt to attach or fasten with bolts tease to annoy or make fun of someone persistently tease : tantalize :: tedious * adj. tiresome by reason of length, slowness, or dullness tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure (A lack B) discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious tedious <> entertaining, absorbing, stimulating, interesting tedium <> excitement discompose to destroy the composure of absorbing adj. fully taking one's attention : ENGROSSING teem * to be full of things; abound or swarm teem <> be short, be scarce, lacking, want, need teeter to walk or move unsteadily or unsurely; totter teeter <> stabilize teetotaler n. one who abstains completely from alcoholic beverages teetotalism <> intemperance telling * adj. having force and producing a striking effect telling <> not effective, unconvincing, impotent, ineffective, meaningless (062010) impotent adj. lacking in power, strength, or vigor temerity * * n. unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or opposition : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid (#) temerity : diffidence :: (#) fervor : dispassionate :: temerity : timid temerity <> circumspection, cautious approach, pusillanimity, timidity, caution, prudence alacrity n. promptness in response : cheerful readiness
diffident adj. hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self-confidence pusillanimous adj. lacking courage; cowardly prudence n. caution or circumspection as to danger or risk temper *, temperance * temperate adj. exercising moderation and self-restraint; moderate in degree or quality; restrained objectivity : partisan :: temperance : reprobate temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist wantonness <> temperance frivolousness <> temperance, grandeur temperance <> luxury, profligacy, indulgence, debauchery, wantonness, impatience, excess teetotalism <> intemperance harangue <> speak temperately temperate <> dissolute, immodest, extreme, frivolous, immoderate temper <> aggravate wanton adj. hard to control : UNDISCIPLINED, UNRULY frivolous adj. lacking in seriousness profligate adj. completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness debauchery n. extreme indulgence in sensuality tenacious adj. persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual harangue to declaim; to speak pompously or bombastically tempestuous adj. tumultuous; stormy tempestuous <> serene temporary adj. lasting for a limited time temporize to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument, or postpone a decision temporizing <> unwilling to compromise tenable * adj. capable of being maintained in argument; rationally defensible; capable of being held against assault ineluctable, inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend tenable<> unjustified, unjustifiable, unsound, indefensible, unsupportable, specious, fallacious, fallible, undefended ineluctable adj. not to be avoided or escaped; inevitable fallible adj. capable of making an error; tending or likely to be erroneous specious adj. having a false look of truth or genuineness tenacious adj. holding or tending to hold persistently to something, such as a point of view; holding together firmly; cohesive beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (not to B) insouciant marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant tenacious irresolute, negotiable, tractable, yielding tenacity vacillation, indifference, slackness, selfdoubt
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tendentious, tendencious * * adj.marked by a strong implicit point of view; partisan tendentious : objective :: (#) tendentious <> unbiased, unprejudiced, disinterested, objective tendency <> loathing
tender * * to offer formally . 1. a. easily crushed or bruised; fragile b. easily chewed or cut 2. young and vulnerable 3. frail; delicate 4. sensitive to frost or severe cold; not hardy 5. a. easily hurt; sensitive b. painful; sore 6. a. considerate and protective; solicitous b. characterized by or expressing gentle emotions; loving c. given to sympathy or sentimentality; soft tender <> hard-bitten, hardy, insensitive hard-bitten , tender <> resist, retain, retract, withdraw, withhold, disengage, withhold with consideration tendinous and. consisting of tendons : SINEWY tendinous : sinewy :: (=) sinewy adj. strong and vigorous tentative adj. not fully worked out, concluded, or agreed on; provisional; uncertain; hesitant pontificate <> speak tentatively pontificate to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic way tenuous adj. rarefied, meager, flimsy tenuous <> substantial tepid adj. moderately warm; lukewarm; lacking in emotional warmth or enthusiasm; halfhearted tepid <> fevered, ardent, feverish, ebullient tepidity <> ardor ebullient adj. BOILING, AGITATED terminology * * n. the vocabulary of technical terms used in a particular field, subject, science, or art; nomenclature terminology : language :: uniform : clothing (physiology : body ) terminus n. the final point; the end terminus : stop :: epilogue : story terminate to come to an end in time inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation (#) outset <> termination sustain <> terminate terrify drive or impel by menacing : SCARE, DETER, INTIMIDATE; to fill with terror apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration (<) terror : fear :: craving : desire (>) terse * adj. brief and to the point; effectively concise terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence
abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (#) terse <> lengthy, prolix, wordy, verbose, windy transitory adj. of brief duration : TEMPORARY abandon to give up to the control or influence of another person or agent windy adj. VERBOSE, BOMBASTIC testator n. one who has made a legally valid will before death heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator testify to make a declaration of truth or fact under oath; submit testimony; to make a statement based on personal knowledge in support of an asserted fact; bear witness testified <> unjustified testimonial * n. a statement in support of a particular truth, fact, or claim testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability (A express B) calumny : assertion, representation :: perjury : testimony (#) culpable adj. deserving of blame or censure as being wrong, evil, improper, or injurious calumny n. a misrepresentation intended to blacken another's reputation perjury n. the voluntary violation of an oath or vow testy * * * adj. irritated, impatient, or exasperated; peevish testy : annoy :: tractable : control, teach (A is easy to B) testy <> good-humored, humorous, unable to irritate, affable, imperturbable, amiable, pleasant, easygoing testiness <> imperturbability, patience tether n. a rope or chain for holding an animal in place, allowing it a short radius in which to move about tether <> detach, loose, tear theatric, theatrical adj. of, relating to, or suitable for dramatic performance or the theater; marked by extravagant display or exhibitionism theatrical <> natural, cherubic, sober, restrained, professional, understated professional adj. exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally businesslike manner in the workplace theology conservatory : music :: seminary : theology therapeutic * adj. having or exhibiting healing powers therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school therapeutic : injure :: therapeutic, harmless, healing, advantageous, beneficial, benign <> injurious illuminate to enlighten spiritually or intellectually advantageous adj. favorable; tending to promote or facilitate
adj. full of or covered with thorns; painfully controversial; vexatious thorny : difficult :: equivocal : ambiguous thorny <> smooth, refined, unproblematic thoroughgoing adj. very thorough; complete; unmitigated; unqualified thoroughgoing <> cursory, incomplete, partial, shallow, slipshod, superficial, unthorough, careless thralldom n. a state of servitude or submission; a state of complete absorption thralldom <> independence threadbare adj. having the nap worn down so that the filling or warp thread show through; frayed or shabby; wearing old, shabby clothing threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine: directness labyrinthine adj. INTRICATE, INVOLVED thrive to make steady progress; prosper; to grow vigorously; flourish grow : thrive :: move : bustle languish, fail, languor <> thrive wizened <> thriving languish to be or become feeble, weak, or enervated wizen to dry up; wither or shrivel throng n. a large group of people gathered or crowded closely together; a multitude protract : length :: throng : number throng : denseness :: thunderous * adj. making or accompanied by a noise like thunder ; thundering; awesomely great, intense, or unusual thunderous : noisy :: thunderous : sound :: brilliant : light thunderous <> settled, moderate, faint, weak (pleasant ) thwart * * to prevent the occurrence, realization, or attainment of to oppose and defeat the efforts, plans, or ambitions of oppose : thwart :: treat : cure (=) thwart, impede <> abet, support, aid (effectively), enable, foster, bolster, foment, facilitate, stir up, assist, implement foment to promote the growth or development of bolster to give a boost to implement to give practical effect to and ensure of actual fulfillment by concrete measures
thin to reduce in thickness or depth : ATTENUATE
ticklish adj. sensitive to tickling; easily offended or upset; touchy pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend ticklish <> imperturbable, impervious, calm imperturbable adj. marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness : SERENE impervious adj. not capable of being affected or disturbed
thorny *
tidy
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n. orderly and neat in appearance or procedure sloven <> tidy sloven n. one who is habitually careless in personal appearance or work tiff n. a fit of irritation; a petty quarrel tiff : squabble :: foible : failing offense, crime : peccadillo :: quarrel : tiff squabble n. noisy altercation or quarrel usually over trifles foible a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior failing n. a usually slight or insignificant defect in character, conduct, or ability tightfisted adj. close-fisted; stingy tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous (=) brat n. a child, especially a spoiled or ill-mannered one timeless * * adj. having no beginning or end : ETERNAL; not restricted to a particular time or date timeless : dated :: pristine : sullied (#) timeless <> transitory timeless <> dated timeworn adj. showing the effects of long use or wear; used too often; trite threadbare, timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : directness :: convoluted : simplicity timeworn <> novel timid * * adj. lacking self-confidence; shy; fearful and hesitant self-confident : timid :: open : shy (#) timidity : dauntless :: taciturnity : talkative timidity : dauntless : garrulity : taciturn timid <> stalwart, dauntless, fearless, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed stalwart adj. marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body, mind, or spirit valiant adj. acting with bravery or boldness brash adj. heedless of the consequences : AUDACIOUS swagger to force by argument or threat abash to destroy the self-possession or selfconfidence of : DISCONCERT
tine * n. a slender pointed projecting part : PRONG tine : fork :: tooth : saw tinge to apply a trace of color to; tint; to affect slightly, as with a contrasting quality tinged <> colorless tinge <> bleach, blanch, discolor tinker to repair, work, or adjust with something in an unskilled or experimental manner : FIDDLE tinker : adjust :: scribble : write scribble to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility or form tint n. a shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation; a gradation of a color made by adding white to it to lessen its saturation tint : suffuse :: amble : wander suffuse to spread through or over, as with liquid, color, or light tirade n. a long angry or violent speech, usually of a censorious or denunciatory nature; a diatribe anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole :: burlesque : mockery tirade <> dispassionate speech tireless adj. seemingly incapable of tiring : INDEFATIGABLE tireless : fatigue :: naive : guile titanic adj. having great magnitude, force, or power : COLOSSAL titanic <> puny puny adj. slight or inferior in power, size, or importance : WEAK toady n. a person who flatters or defers to others for self-serving reasons recluse : solitude :: toady : favor toady : flatter :: (=)
tong to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs tong : seize :: tongs : grasping :: reel : winding tongue-tied * adj. unable or disinclined to speak freely (as from shyness) tongue-tied <> articulate tonic * adj. : increasing or restoring physical or mental tone : REFRESHING conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate, stimulate :: analgesic :deaden tonic <> enfeebling, draining, debilitating enfeeble to make feeble : deprive of strength drain to exhaust physically or emotionally tonsorial adj. of or relating to barbering or a barber tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel toot to sound a short blast; to sound a note or call suggesting the short blast of a wind instrument toot : blast :: toothsome adj. pleasant; attractive: a toothsome offer; sexually attractive or exciting toothsome <> uncomely comely adj. having a pleasing appearance topical adj. referring to the topics of the day or place : of local or temporary interest topsoil n. the upper part of the soil topsoil : erode :: paint : peel topple * to fall from or as if from being top-heavy topple : stable :: topple build, place, withstand, rise topsy-turvy adj. in a state of utter disorder or confusion topsy-turvy <> tranquil
toga n. the loose outer garment worn in public by citizens of ancient Rome
tornado tornado : air :: whirlpool : water
timorous adj. full of apprehensiveness; timid timorous : intrepidity :: (#) timorous : confrontation :: timorous <> intrepid, scrappy, stalwart, unflinching, valiant, brash, swaggering, unabashed intrepid adj. resolutely courageous; fearless scrappy adj. having an aggressive and determined spirit unflinching adj. (steadfast, resolute) showing neither fear nor indecision; resolute
toil work hard and long; to proceed with laborious effort : PLOD toil <> laze laze to act or lie lazily : IDLE
torpid adj. deprived of the power of motion or feeling; benumbed; lethargic; apathetic torpid <> vivacious, responsive, arduous, ardent, ebullient, animated
token n. a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for currency token : exchange :: clamp : compression
tin
tolerant adj. inclined to tolerate the beliefs, practices, or traits of others; forbearing; able to withstand or endure an adverse environmental condition bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant bigoted : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan (#) tolerant stringent, rigorous, demanding
torpor * * * n. a state or mental or physical inactivity or insensibility; lethargy; apathy sluggish : torpor :: aloof : reserve torpor : iciness :: torpor <> zeal, animation, alert, ardor, ebullience, extreme excitability, vigilance, vivacity icy adj. characterized by coldness : FRIGID reservation n. a tract of public land set aside (as for use by American Indians) ebullience n. the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelings vigilant adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger
n. 주석 tincture * n. a substance that stains, colors, or dyes to tint or stain with a color : TINGE; to infuse or instill with a property or entity : IMPREGNATE tincture : stain :: caustic : burn caustic n. a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action
torque
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n. the moment of a force; the measure of a force's tendency; a force that produces or tends to produce rotation or torsion torque : rotation :: tension : elongation tension n. : the act or action of stretching or the condition or degree of being stretched to stiffness torrential adj. resembling, flowing in, or forming torrents; flowing or surging abundantly; wild torrential <> trickling torrid * adj. parched with the heat of the sun; intensely hot; passionate; ardent torrid <> arctic, icy, frigid, tepid torridness <> frigidity tortuous * * adj. having or marked by repeated turns or bends; winding or twisting; not straightforward; circuitous; devious tortuous <> direct, straightforward, forthright (benevolent ) totter to sway as if about to fall b. to appear about to collapse; to walk unsteadily or feebly; stagger touchy adj. tending to take offense with slight cause; oversensitive; easily ignited; flammable quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive (>) tourniquet n. a device (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to check bleeding or blood flow tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion :: dam : flooding :: moratorium : activity tout to promote or praise energetically; publicize tout <> deprecate, denounce, cast aspersions on, criticize, impugn, oppose aspersion n. the act of calumniating b : a calumnious expression
tractable : control :: credulous : cozen tame : tractable :: tractable <>balky, pertinacious, incorrigible, insubordinate, obstinate, intransigent, headstrong, obdurate, willful, unruly, inflexible, uncooperative tractability <> incorrigibility pliant <> intransigent, intractable complaisance n. AFFABILITY squeamish adj. easily offended or disgusted touchy adj. marked by readiness to take offense on slight provocation; highly explosive or inflammable testy adj. irritated, impatient, or exasperated; peevish cozen to deceive, win over, or induce to do something by artful coaxing and wheedling or shrewd trickery tame adj. reduced from a state of native wildness especially so as to be tractable and useful to humans balky adj. refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function as directed or expected pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious incorrigible adj. not manageable : UNRULY intransigent adj. IRRECONCILABLE willful adj. obstinately and often perversely selfwilled trademark * n. a device (as a word) pointing distinctly to the origin or ownership of merchandise to which it is applied and legally reserved to the exclusive use of the owner as maker or seller trademark : manufacturer :: seal : signatory signatory n. a signer with another or others traduce to expose to shame or blame by means of falsehood and misrepresentation traduce <> extol trail to follow in the footsteps of : PURSUE; to follow along behind trail <> lead
toxin n. a poisonous substance that is a specific product of the metabolic activities of a living organism toxin <> innocuous substance toxic <> beneficial
trammel to catch or hold in or as if in a net : ENMESH; to prevent or impede the free play of : CONFINE untrammeled <>
toward adj. favoring success or a good outcome; propitious toward <> obdurate
trance n. a hypnotic, cataleptic, or ecstatic state; detachment from one's physical surroundings, as in contemplation or daydreaming
toy to amuse oneself idly; trifle; to treat something casually or without seriousness toy <> think over seriously
tranquility * tranquil adj. free from agitation of mind or spirit; free from disturbance or turmoil; unvarying in aspect : STEADY, STABLE tranquility : agitation :: abandon : inhibition tranquility <> ferment, pandemonium ferment n. a state of unrest : AGITATION pandemonium n. a wild uproar : TUMULT
trace * n. a minute and often barely detectable amount or indication trace : amount :: sliver : piece tractable * * * * adj. easily managed or controlled; governable; easily handled or worked; malleable complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit (#) tractable : manage :: squeamish : disgust tractable : manage :: touchy : offend subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead (easy to B) testy : annoy :: tractable : control
transcend transcend to pass beyond the limits of ossify <> transcend conventions transfer to make over the possession or control of : CONVEY
transfigure to alter the outward appearance of; transform; to exalt or glorify transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect transfigure : appearance, aspect :: transfer : location transgress to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep; to act in violation of (the law, for example) rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety trespass : boundary :: stray : path :: transgress : rules transgress <> obey transient * * * adj. passing with time; transitory; remaining in a place only a brief time opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience :: transient :evanescence (=) transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate transience <> permanence, persistence transient <> lasting, protracted, perpetual, rooted, eternal, permanent, persistent, enduring, perennial protract to draw out or lengthen in time; prolong opportune adj. occurring at an appropriate time convoluted adj. INVOLVED, INTRICATE ephemeral adj. lasting one day only perpetuate to make perpetual or cause to last indefinitely eternal adj. having infinite duration : EVERLASTING transition n. passage from one form, state, style, or place to another transition <> persistence, durability, perpetuity transitory * * * adj. existing or lasting only a short time; shortlived or temporary transitory : endure :: immutable : change achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence transitory <> durable, enduring, permanent, perpetual, persistent, protracted transitoriness <> duration, durability, endurance, permanence, perpetuation, perpetuity, persistence hue n. gradation of color
translucent adj. transmitting light but causing sufficient diffusion to prevent perception of distinct images; clear; lucid slack : tension :: opaque : translucence translucent <> opaque, impervious of light, transparent translucence <> opacity transparent adj. capable of transmitting light so that objects or images can be seen as if there were no intervening material; easily seen through or detected; obvious ; candid transparent : understand :: conspicuous : see manifest, lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand opacity <> transparency
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transparent <> deceitful, delusive, opaque transpire to become known; come to light; to give off vapor containing waste products, as through animal or plant pores transpire <> dampen, moisturize transportation n. an act, process, or instance of transporting or being transported travail to work, especially when arduous or involving painful effort; toil travail <> frolic, laze, loaf, dawdle frolic to play and run about happily : ROMP loaf to spend time in idleness dawdle to spend time idly traverse to travel or pass across, over, or through diverge : apart :: traverse : across (c) travesty n. an exaggerated or grotesque imitation, such as a parody of a literary work travesty <> paragon treacherous adj. marked by betrayal of fidelity, confidence, or trust; perfidious treacherousness <> faithfulness treasure * * n. valuable or precious possessions of any kind to keep or regard as precious; value highly; appreciate to accumulate and store away, as for future use treasure <> dross treasure <> disparage, dislike, loathe, disregard dross n. something that is base, trivial, or inferior treasurer n. one who has charge of funds or revenues treasurer : funds :: secretary : records treaty n. the document in which such an agreement is set down rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis rectify to set right; correct; to correct by calculation or adjustment tremendous adj. extremely large in amount, extent, or degree; enormous; capable of making one tremble; terrible tremulous adj. marked by trembling, quivering, or shaking; timid or fearful; timorous tremulous <> bold trenchant * adj. keen; incisive; forceful, effective, and vigorous; caustic; cutting; distinct; clear-cut trenchant : insipid :: (#) trenchant <> vague, dull, ambiguous, insipid trendsetter n. one that initiates or popularizes a trend trepidation
n. a state of alarm or dread; apprehension audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment trepidation <> aplomb, soberness dauntless <> trepid footloose adj. having no ties : free to move about aplomb n. self-confident assurance; poise sober adj. showing no excessive or extreme qualities of fancy, emotion, or prejudice laconic adj. using or marked by the use of few words; terse or concise trepid adj. timid, timorous trespass (law) to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully usurp : take :: trespass : enter trespass : boundary :: transgress : rule trespass <> obey, undo undo to unfasten something that is tied or wrapped to try to remove the bad effects of something you have done trial trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory : commerce : emporium :: game : stadium tribute [tribjut] n. , ; , : ENCOMIUM tribute : praise :: (A=B) tribute <> reprobation, denunciation reprobate to disapprove of; condemn trickle to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream; to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit blast : whiff :: gush : trickle trickle : gush :: warm : sear trim adj. exhibiting neatness, good order, or compactness of line or structure trim <> messy trinket [ n. a small ornament (as a jewel or ring) gadgets : tools :: trinkets : jewelry tripod n. a stool, table, or altar with three legs triptych n. a picture (as an altarpiece) or carving in three panels side by side b : something composed or presented in three parts or sections trite * * adj. lacking power to evoke interest through overuse or repetition trite <> unbanal, unhackneyed, fresh, original, novel banal adj. lacking originality, freshness, or novelty hackneyed adj. lacking in freshness or originality trivial adj. of little significance or value; ordinary or commonplace trivial <> massive, substantive, grandiose, indispensable trivial <> matters important characteristic, main point massive adj. impressively large or ponderous
substantive adj. belonging to the substance of a thing : ESSENTIAL grandiose adj. impressive because of uncommon largeness, scope, effect, or grandeur indispensable adj. absolutely necessary : ESSENTIAL trophy trophy : contestant :: honors : student athlete : trophy :: soldier : medal troupe n. a company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, or dancers troupe : perform :: chorus : sing orchestra : music :: troupe : drama truant [ n. one who is absent without permission, especially from school; one who shirks work or duty truant : dutiful :: (#) truant <> dutiful truce n. a temporary cessation or suspension of hostilities by agreement of the opposing sides; an armistice truce <> resumed fighting truculent * * * * adj. disposed to fight; pugnacious; expressing bitter opposition; scathing; disposed to or exhibiting violence or destructiveness; fierce, pugnacious combative in nature; belligerent truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse (#) truculent : gentleness :: sincerity : guile (#) truculent <> gentle, pacific, placid, genial, meek, peaceful, cooperative, amiable, nice, civilized, agreeable, obedient, submissive, pliant truculence<> kindness, benevolence, tranquility pacific adj. mild of temper : PEACEABLE placid adj. serenely free of interruption or disturbance regenerate adj. restored to a better, higher, or more worthy state remorse n. a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH genial adj. favorable to growth or comfort : MILD meek adj. not violent or strong : MODERATE pliant adj. easily influenced : YIELDING trudge to walk in a laborious, heavy-footed way; plod lug : carry :: trudge : walk cavort <> trudge lug to pull something with difficulty truism n. a self-evident truth truism <> unusual observation, complex explanation, method trumpery n. deception; trickery; fraud. trumpery <> honesty trumpet trumpet : horn :: tambourine : drum truncate to shorten by or as if by cutting off; to shorten (a number) by dropping one or more digits after the decimal point
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truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity truncate : length :: abridge : duration :: constrict : diameter prolong <> truncate truss n. a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars, designed to support a structure, such as a roof truss : support :: ballast : stability ballast n. something that gives stability tubby adj. short and fat; having a dull sound; lacking resonance tugboat n. a small powerful boat designed for towing or pushing larger vessels locomotive : flatcar :: tugboat : barge tumultuous adj. marked by violent or overwhelming turbulence or upheaval tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous (#) tumult <> placation, placidity, quietude, quiescence, tranquility, serenity tumultuous <> serene, tranquil, peaceful bedlam n. a place or situation of noisy uproar and confusion quiescent adj. marked by inactivity or repose : tranquilly at rest turbid adj. having sediment or foreign particles stirred up or suspended; muddy; heavy, dark, or dense, as smoke or fog; in a state of turmoil; muddled turbulent adj. violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous; having a chaotic or restless character or tendency; causing unrest or disturbance; unruly turbulent : bedlam :: maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory turbulence <> serenity maelstrom n. a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects within a given radius turgid adj.excessively ornate or complex in style or language; grandiloquent turgid <> simple turmoil n. a state of extreme confusion or agitation; commotion or tumult turmoil <> tranquility turncoat n. one who traitorously switches allegiance bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy :: recluse : companion :: simpleton : sagacity turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity constancy <> turncoat sagacity n. the quality of being discerning, sound in judgment, and farsighted; wisdom turpitude n. depravity; baseness turpitude <> saintly behavior, probity turquoise gem : turquoise :: flower : violet
turret [t ..rit] n. ; castle : turret :: sea : beacon twig n. a young shoot representing the current season's growth of a woody plant; any small, leafless branch of a woody plant figurine : statue :: twig : branch twig : limb :: brook : river typo n. a typographical error typo : text :: bug : software tyrant n. an absolute ruler who governs without restrictions; a ruler who exercises power in a harsh, cruel manner; an oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person tyro n. a beginner in learning something tyro <> expert
unanimous adj. formed with or indicating unanimity : having the agreement and consent of all unanimous <> dissident, inharmonious unassailable * adj.impossible to dispute or disprove; undeniable; not subject to attack or seizure; impregnable unassailable : refute :: impervious : damage unassailable : attack :: imperturbable : nettle unassailable <> assailable, assaultable, attackable, controversial, deniable, refutable unassuming * adj. exhibiting no pretensions, boastfulness, or ostentation; modest unassuming <> imperious, overbearing, ostentatious, arrogant, presumptuous, assertive overbearing adj. harshly and haughtily arrogant ostentatious adj. SHOWY presumptuous, unavailable adj. not available, accessible, or at hand unavailable <> useful
U ubiquitous Adj. being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; omnipresent ubiquitous : place :: perpetual : time ubiquitous <> unique, rarely be encountered, extraordinary ubiquity <> rarity ugly adj. displeasing to the eye; unsightly 2. repulsive or offensive; objectionable 3. morally reprehensible; bad 4. threatening or ominous 5. a. likely to cause embarrassment or trouble b. marked by or inclined to anger or bad feeling; cross or disagreeable pulchritude <> ugliness, hideousness pulchritude n. great physical beauty and appeal umbrage n. a feeling of pique or resentment at some often fancied slight or insult resentful : umbrage :: fractious : umbrage :: ()
unavailing adj. not availing; ineffectual or useless unavailing <>useful unbending adj. not yielding; inflexible; aloof and often antisocial; extremely reserved unbending <> pliant unbridled adj. unrestrained; uncontrolled: unbridled anger unbridled <> restrained uncanny * adj. peculiarly unsettling, as if of supernatural origin or nature; eeri; . so keen and perceptive as to seem preternatural uncanny <> ordinary, quotidian, everyday, normal, commonplace, ordinary quotidian adj occurring every day uncommitted adj. not pledged to a specific cause or course of action
unabated adj. being at full strength or force
unconventional adj. not adhering to convention; out of the ordinary hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional unconventionality <> fidelity to custom
unaccountable adj. not to be accounted for : INEXPLICABLE, STRANGE; not to be called to account : not responsible unaccountable <> explicable
uncouth adj. crude; unrefined; awkward or clumsy; ungraceful uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver seemly, sophisticated <> uncouth
unaffected adj. not influenced or changed mentally, physically, or chemically; free from affectation : GENUINE posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected unaffected <> refined, pretentious, insincere, artful, bombastic, imbued imbue to permeate or influence as if by dyeing
unctuous adj. characterized by affected, exaggerated, or insincere earnestness; having the quality or characteristics of oil or ointment; slippery 3. containing or composed of oil or fat 4. abundant in organic materials; soft and rich placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous unctuous : earnest :: sanctimonious : devout unctuous <> brusque salve n. an unctuous adhesive substance for application to wounds or sores
unalloyed adj. not in mixture with other metals; pure; complete; unqualified unalloyed <> adulterated
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sanctimonious adj. affecting piousness : hypocritically devout brusque adj. blunt in manner or speech often to the point of ungracious harshness undaunted adj. courageously resolute especially in the face of danger or difficulty : not discouraged underdog n. a loser or predicted loser in a struggle or contest; a victim of injustice or persecution undergird to support or strengthen from beneath undermine <> undergird underhanded adj. marked by secrecy, chicanery, and deception : not honest and aboveboard : SLY underline to draw a line under; emphasize or cause to stand out; underscore; to emphasize; stress underline <> deemphasize, underplay undermine to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation undermine <> undergird, reinforce undergird to support or strengthen from beneath underplay to act (a role) subtly or with restraint; to present or deal with subtly or with restraint; play down underscore * to underline; to emphasize; stress underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership underscore <> de-emphasize, underplay, downplay, slight, understate understate to state or present with restraint especially for effect understate <> vaunt understated bombastic, flamboyant understatement <> hyperbole understudy to study or know (a role) so as to be able to replace the regular performer when required; to act as an understudy to understudy : star :: deputy : sheriff undeserved adj. not merited; unjustifiable or unfair undeserved <>moderate, reasonable, sensible, equitable, fair, just condign <> undeserved, unmerited condign adj. DESERVED, APPROPRIATE undeterred * deter to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting; inhibit undeterred <> daunted undignified dignified adj. showing or expressing dignity undue exceeding what is appropriate or normal; excessive rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue
unearth to bring to public notice; uncover unearth <> conceal
rash adj. marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of deliberation or caution impromptu adj. made, done, or formed on or as if on the spur of the moment : IMPROVISED
unequivocal adj. leaving no doubt : CLEAR, UNAMBIGUOUS; UNQUESTIONABLE unequivocation : ambiguity :: spotlessness : blemish blemish n. a noticeable imperfection; especially : one that seriously impairs appearance
uninformative informative adj. imparting knowledge : INSTRUCTIVE
unexceptionable * adj. beyond any reasonable objection; irreproachable; UNIMPEACHABLE, BLAMELESS unexceptionable : oppose :: unsalvageable : repair :: unique : precedent vile <> unexceptionable vile adj. morally despicable or abhorrent
unkempt adj. not combed b. not properly maintained; disorderly or untidy; unpolished; rude unkempt <> dapper
unexceptional adj. not varying from a norm; usual; not subject to exceptions unfasten to make loose secure <> unfasten scotch <> encourage {unfasten} unfeigned adj. not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE, SINCERE unfeigned <> pretended unflagging flag to hang limply; droop; to decline in vigor or strength unflagging <> fading unflappable adj. persistently calm, whether when facing difficulties or experiencing success; not easily upset or excited unflappable : upset, provocation :: obstinate : persuade unflappable <> disturbed unfortunate adj. not favored by fortune : UNSUCCESSFUL, UNLUCKY unfriended adj. having no friends : not befriended ungainly adj. lacking grace or ease of movement or form; clumsy; difficult to move or use; unwieldy loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly ungainly <> dexterous, adroit, lissome lissome adj. easily flexed; nimble; quick and light in motion ungovernable * adj. not capable of being governed, guided, or restrained; UNRULY unhackneyed hackneyed adj. lacking in freshness or originality unhackneyed <> trite unheralded herald to give notice of : ANNOUNCE; to greet especially with enthusiasm : HAIL b : PUBLICIZE unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection :: impromptu :rehearsal unherald <> proclaim
unintelligible intelligible adj. apprehensible by the intellect only; capable of being understood or comprehended
unlettered adj. not adept at reading and writing; deficient in the knowledge that can be acquired from book; illiterate lettered : education :: mature : growth erudite <> smattering of knowledge, ignorant, unlettered learned <>unlettered unmitigated adj. not lessened : UNRELIEVED; being so definitely what is stated as to offer little chance of change or relief unobtrusive adj. not undesirably noticeable or blatant; inconspicuous unobtrusive <> impetuous unpalatable adj. not pleasing to the taste; not pleasant or agreeable unplumbed * adj. not tested with a plumb line; not measured with a plumb b : not thoroughly explored unprepossessing * adj. failing to impress favorably; nondescript unprepossessing <> attractive, entrancing, enticing, winsome, riveting entrance to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture entice to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or desire : TEMPT rivet to attract and hold (as the attention) completely unpretentious adj. lacking pretension or affectation; modest bombastic <> unpretentious unproductive productive adj. effective in bringing about effectual <> unproductive unpropitious propitious adj. favorably disposed : BENEVOLENT; being of good omen : AUSPICIOUS unrepentant adj. having or exhibiting no remorse unrepentant <> remorseful, attritional, compunctious unrequited adj. not reciprocated or returned in kind
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remunerative<> unrequited unruly adj. difficult or impossible to discipline, control, or rule unruly : authority :: refractory : change unruly <> disciplined, subdued unsalvageable salvage to rescue or save especially from wreckage or ruin unsavory adj. INSIPID, TASTELESS; unpleasant to taste or smell unseemly adj. not in with accepted standards of good taste; grossly improper; not suited to the circumstances; inappropriate unseemly <> decorous unseemliness <> decorum decorum n. the conventions of polite behavior unstable adj. tending strongly to change b. not constant; fluctuating; not firmly placed; unsteady unstable <> secure unsubstantial adj. lacking material substance; insubstantial; lacking firmness or strength; flimsy unsubstantial <> firm, realistic, practical, effective, strong, confirmed unsubstantiated substantiate to establish by proof or competent evidence : VERIFY unsubstantiated <> verified, confirmed unswerving * swerve to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course : DEVIATE unsullied sully to make soiled or tarnished : DEFILE unsullied <> tarnished untactful tactful adj. tactile; perceptible by touch : TANGIBLE; of or relating to the sense of touch untactful <> thoughtful, dexterous, skillful, discreet untainted taint to contaminate morally : CORRUPT; to affect with putrefaction : SPOIL untainted <> contaminated untenable adj. being such that defense or maintenance is impossible; being such that occupation or habitation is impossible untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury untenable : defended :: incontrovertible : disputed :: inevitable : avoided inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : defended untenable : defended :: inexorable : persuade untenable <> defensible untenable <> habitable invulnerable adj. incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmed incontrovertible adj. impossible to dispute; unquestionable inalienable adj. that cannot be transferred to another or others
inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by entreaty untold * adj. not told or revealed; beyond description or enumeration countless, innumerable, myriad, untold : number :: everlasting, interminable : duration untold <> able to quantify, quantifiable, calculable, able to be gauged, plumbable myriad constituting a very large, indefinite number; innumerable untoward * adj. not favorable; unpropitious; troublesome; adverse; hard to guide or control; unruly; improper; unseemly untoward, inauspicious, unpropitious <> favorable and anticipated, fortunate, auspicious, propitious, fortunate untoward <> proper, decorous, favorable and anticipated, yielding toward <> obdurate toward adj. quick to learn : APT; PROPITIOUS, FAVORING untutored adj. having had no formal learning or training; unsophisticated; unrefined untutored <> polished unwieldy * adj. not easily managed, handled, or used (as because of bulk, weight, complexity, or awkwardness) : CUMBERSOME unwieldy : carry :: intractable : govern unwitting adj. not knowing; unaware; not intended; unintentional conscious, intentional <> unwitting unwonted * adj. not habitual or ordinary; unusual; not accustomed; unused habit <> unwonted behavior unwonted <> usual, habitual upbraid * * to reprove sharply; reproach upbraid : reproach :: dote : like (>) upbraid : disapproval :: lament : grief (A shows B) upbraid <> laud, extol, praise reproach to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is dote to be lavish or excessive in one's attention, fondness, or affection used especially with on
uphold to hold aloft; raise; to prevent from falling or sinking; support; to maintain or affirm against opposition uphold <> abrogate, forsake uphold <> impugn abrogate to abolish, do away with, or annul, especially by authority forsake to give up (something formerly held dear: impugn to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument uproar n. a condition of noisy excitement and confusion; tumult; a heated controversy placid <> uproarious upset
to distress or perturb mentally or emotionally; to overthrow; overturn unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade uptight adj. being tense, nervous, or uneasy uptight <> calm urbane adj. polite, refined, and often elegant in manner urbane : gaucherie :: guileless : chicanery brutal : urbanity :: enigmatic : lucidity, elucidation brute : urbanity :: urbanity : coarse :: urbane <> bucolic, rude, rustic urbanity <> artlessness, oafishness coarse adj. of ordinary or inferior quality or value : COMMON oaf n. a big clumsy slow-witted person urge to force or drive forward or onward; impel didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge hortatory adj. marked by exhortation or strong urging usurp to seize and hold (the power or rights of another, for example) by force and without legal authority; to take over or occupy without right usurp : take :: trespass : enter impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization (=) embezzle : funds :: usurp : power usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine :: defame : disparage usurp <> assume rightfully interrogate to examine by questioning formally or officially embezzle to appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) fraudulently to one's own use usury n. an excessive or illegally high rate of interest charged on borrowed money usury : interest :: gouging : price utter * adj. carried to the utmost point or highest degree; complete; absolute; entire flit : move :: blurt : utter exclaim : utter :: flare : shine circumlocution <> pithy utters, utter concisely, straightforward <> utter jest <> solemn utterance utter <> partial blurt to utter suddenly and impulsively jest n. an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken as mockery or humor
V vacate to make legally void : ANNUL; to give up the incumbency or occupancy of vacate <> occupy vaccinate to administer a vaccine to usually by injection vaccinate : disease :: overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity jaded adj. fatigued by overwork : EXHAUSTED soporific adj. causing or tending to cause sleep
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vacillate * * to sway from one side to the other; oscillate; to swing indecisively from one course of opinion to another impetuous : vacillation :: bumptious : humbleness impetuous : hesitation :: bumptious : humbleness vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant (#) vacillation : persistent :: react : inert vacillate : persistent :: react : inert vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute, hesitant adamant <> vacillatory impetuosity, pertinacity <>hesitance, vacillation vacillate <> equipoise, resolute, stand firm, resolve firmly vacillation <> constancy, decisiveness, impetuosity, pertinacity, resolution, motionless balance adamant <> vacillating impetuous adj. marked by force and violence of movement or action bumptious adj. crudely or loudly assertive; pushy inertia n. indisposition to motion, exertion, or change contrite adj. grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming pertinacious adj. stubbornly unyielding or tenacious equipoise n. a state of equilibrium vacuous adj. devoid of matter; empty; lacking intelligence; stupid b. devoid of substance or meaning; inane c. devoid of expression; vacant vacuous <> intelligent, substantial, omniscient, full of ideas vacuity <> plentitude omniscient adj. having total knowledge; knowing everything vacuum n. emptiness of space; a space absolutely devoid of matter vagabond adj. moving from place to place without a fixed home : WANDERING; leading an unsettled, irresponsible, or disreputable life vagary n. an extravagant or erratic notion or action vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute, accomplish :: indemonstrable : prove :: diehard : budge vagary : predict :: acme : surpass unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary vagary : predict :: diehard : budge vagarious <> fixed vagary <> fixation diehard adj. strongly or fanatically determined or devoted budge to give way : YIELD acme n. the highest point, as of perfection
vain * adj. not yielding the desired outcome; fruitless; lacking substance or worth vain <> successful, efficacious efficacious adj. having the power to produce a desired effect vainglorious * * adj. marked by vainglory : BOASTFUL vainglorious : humility :: prodigal : thrift vainglorious <> self-effacing, meek, humble efface to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE valediction n. an act of bidding farewell; a leave-taking; a speech or statement made as a farewell panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell valediction <> greeting valiant * adj. possessing valor; brave valiant <> coward, craven, pusillanimous, timorous pusillanimous adj. lacking courage; cowardly valid adj. well grounded; just; producing the desired results; efficacious; having legal force; effective or binding void : valid :: (#) specious <> valid fallacy <> valid argument nullify <> validate, confirm, ratify nullification <> validation specious having the ring of truth or plausibility but actually fallacious valorize to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity) by governmental action; to give or assign a value to valorize <> fluctuate valorous adj. marked by or possessing great personal bravery; valiant craven <> valorous valorous <> timorous vanish to pass out of sight, especially quickly; disappear; to pass out of existence evanescent : disappear, vanish :: pliant : yield :: periodic : recur (transparent : penetrate . (A is easy to B) evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate constant : perpetuate :: transient : vanish perpetuate adj. make perpetual; to prolong the existence of
vapid <> zealous, riveting, inventive, piquant, bracing, zesty, lively, stimulating riveting adj. wholly absorbing or engrossing one's attention; fascinating inventive adj. CREATIVE piquant adj. agreeably stimulating to the palate bracing adj. invigorating or refreshing; strengthening zest n. an enjoyably exciting quality : PIQUANCY vaporize to convert or be converted into vapor scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat vaporization, gasification <> solidification scuff to scrape the feet while walking; shuffle vaporous adj. relating to or resembling vapor; insubstantial, vague, or ethereal; extravagantly fanciful; highflown vaporous <> substantial variance n. the act of varying b. the state or quality of being variant or variable; a variation c. a difference between what is expected and what actually occurs variance <> congruity, uniformity, quantity with a fixed value variegation n. the state of being variegated; diversified coloration variegation : uniformity :: simplicity : difficulty variegation <> uniform coloration, sameness, uniformity, homogeneity varnish to cover with varnish; to give a smooth and glossy finish to glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth vat n. a large vessel (as a cistern, tub, or barrel) especially for holding liquors in an immature state or preparations for dyeing or tanning mortar : grind :: vat : dye vault * larder : provisions :: vault : valuables :: reservoir : water vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods :: library : books larder n. place where food is stored : PANTRY
vagrant n. one who wanders from place to place without a permanent home or a means of livelihood vagabond : wanderer :: vagrant <> fixed
vanquish to defeat or conquer in battle; subjugate; to defeat in a contest, conflict, or competition attack :vanquished :: goad : provoked dominate : vanquished :: (#) vanquish <> surrender, submit to submit to yield to governance or authority
vaunt * to speak boastfully of; brag about vaunt ones skill vaunt <> deprecate, humble, self-deprecate, downplay, understate, resign, (retire) vaunting <> meek vaunting <> showing patience and humility downplay to minimize the significance of; play down resign to give up deliberately meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE
vague adj. not clearly expressed; inexplicit vague <> well defined, trenchant, fixed
vapid adj. lacking liveliness, animation, or interest; dull; lacking taste, zest, or flavor; flat
veer to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose; swerve
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to shift clockwise in direction, as from north to northeast. used of the wind veer : direction :: convert : belief topic : digress :: course : veer veer <> maintain constant swerve to turn aside or be turned aside from a straight course
despise to look down on with contempt or aversion scorn to reject or dismiss as contemptible or unworthy deride , to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth obloquy n. a strongly condemnatory utterance : abusive language
vehement * * adj. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of emotion or conviction; fervid; marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong vehement <> languid, apathetic, tepid, indifferent, unconcerned, easy vehemency, vehemence <> tepidity, lull languid adj. drooping or flagging from or as if from exhaustion : WEAK apathetic adj. having or showing little or no feeling or emotion : SPIRITLESS tepid adj. lacking in passion, force, or zest lull n. : a temporary pause or decline in activity
vengeful adj. desiring vengeance; vindictive; REVENGEFUL; seeking to avenge demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive (A is not to B)
velocity n. quickness of motion : SPEED venal adj. open to bribery; mercenary b. capable of betraying honor, duty, or scruples for a price; corruptible disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity venal <> unsusceptible of bribe, incorruptible disinterested adj. free of bias and self-interest; impartial probity n. complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness vendor n. one that vends : SELLER; VENDING MACHINE vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate purvey to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of business censor n. one who supervises conduct and morals expurgate to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or erroneous veneer n. a thin surface layer, as of finely grained wood, glued to a base of inferior material foil : metal :: veneer : wood glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall baseboard n. a molding that conceals the joint between an interior wall and a floor venerable * adj. calling forth respect through age, character, and attainments venerate * * * * to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt deference venerable : respect :: despicable:contempt :: exemplary:imitation perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn venerate <> despise, dishonor, scorn, disdain, desecrate, abhor venerable <> despicable, disrespectable (scornful ) veneration <> contempt, dishonor, hatred, derision, disdain, despise, scorn, obloquy (blame ) perfunctory adj. lacking in interest or enthusiasm insolent adj. insultingly contemptuous in speech or conduct : OVERBEARING despicable adj. CONTEMPTIBLE
venial adj. easily excused or forgiven; pardonable venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand venial <> heinous, intolerant, inexorable, uncharitable, unforgiving, unpardonable, unrelenting, unsparing veniality <> inexorability heinous adj. grossly wicked or reprehensible; abominable inexorable not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty; RELENTLESS unsparing adj. not merciful or forbearing : HARD, RUTHLESS venom n. a poisonous secretion of an animal, such as a snake, spider, or scorpion, usually transmitted by a bite or sting placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic :: milk : nutrient ventilate to admit fresh air into (a mine, for example) to replace stale or noxious air veracity * n. adherence to the truth; truthfulness; conformity to fact or truth; accuracy or precision; something that is true veracious : guile :: (#) veracious <> mendacious, fallacious veracity : dissembler :: agility : bungler mendacity, prevarication <> veracity mendacious adj. lying; untruthful dissemble conceal facts, intentions, or feelings under some pretense bungler to act or work clumsily prevaricate to deviate from the truth : EQUIVOCATE verbalism n. a verbal expression: TERM argot <> standard language , common verbalism argot n. a specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular group verbatim adj. using exactly the same words; corresponding word for word paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise verbiage n. a profusion of words usually of little or obscure content verbiage <> terseness verbose * * adj. using or containing a great and usually an excessive
number of words; wordy verbosity : words :: floridness : embellishments verbosity <> succinctness, laconism, terseness, pithiness, conciseness, restraint verbose <> succinct, concise, laconic (taciturn ) florid adj. covered with flowers; elaborately decorated embellish to make beautiful with ornamentation pithy adj. having substance and point : tersely cogent laconic adj. using or involving the use of a minimum of words taciturn adj. temperamentally disinclined to talk; silent verdant adj. green with vegetation; covered with green growth; lacking experience or sophistication; naive verdant <> sterile, sere, barren sere adj. withered; dry verdict n. (law) the finding of a jury in a trial; an expressed conclusion; a judgment or an opinion verifiable verify to confirm or substantiate in law by oath; to establish the truth, accuracy, or reality of verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy refutation <> verification unsubstantiated <> verified verifiable <> fallacious, questionable, doubtful, unreliable, vague verify <> refute obfuscate to make obscure; CONFUSE verisimilar adj. appearing to be true or real; probable verisimilar <> implausible implausible adj. difficult to believe; not plausible veritable adj. being truly so called; real or genuine veritable <> specious vermin n. person considered loathsome or highly offensive vernacular n. the standard native language of a country or locality vernacular : place :: jargon : profession vernacular : local :: jargon : profession versatile adj. capable of doing many things competently versatile <> having limited application, unchangeable versed * verse to familiarize by close association, study, or experience footloose : attachment :: unversed : familiarity versed <> inexperienced, clumsy, awkward, inept, uninformed footloose adj. having no attachments or ties; free to do as one pleases versemonger monger n. a person who attempts to stir up or spread something that is usually petty or discreditable usually used in combination
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versemonger : verbatim :: vertex n. the highest point; the apex or summit vertex <> lowliness, nadir vertigo n. the sensation of dizziness b. an instance of such a sensation; confused, disoriented state of mind hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness vertigo : nauseate :: tranquility <> vertigo verve n. energy and enthusiasm in the expression of ideas, especially in artistic performance or composition verve <> listlessness, lassitude listless adj. lacking energy or disinclined to exert effort; lethargic lassitude n. a state or feeling or weariness, diminished energy, or listlessness vessel n. a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body fluid is contained and conveyed or circulated aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas :: vessel : blood vestige n. a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but exists or appears no more vestige : remainder :: figurine : statue vestige <> fully developed vestigial n. a visible trace, evidence, or sign of something that once existed but exists or appears no more vestigial <> fully developed veteran n. a person who is long experienced or practiced in an activity or a capacity cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog veto n. an authoritative prohibition or rejection of a proposed or intended act veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory veto : enactment :: antiseptic : infection veto <> consent vex * * * to annoy, as with petty importunities; bother; to cause perplexity in; puzzle draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation vex <> pacify, appease, soothe, mollify, conciliate, assuage, placate, unable to incite, gratify (exhilarate ) vexatious <> placatory, conciliatory vexing <> propitiatory, placating vexation <> assuagement, conciliation, gratification, placation, pleasingness draconian adj. CRUEL inclement adj. showing no clemency; unmerciful fret to cause to be uneasy; vex gratify to please or satisfy; to give what is desired to propitiate to APPEASE, CONCILIATE viable adj. capable of living, developing, or germinating under
favorable conditions; capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable elastic : expand :: viable : live viability <> inability to live vial n. a small closed or closable vessel especially for liquids vial : bottle :: vibrant adj. pulsing or throbbing with energy or activity; vigorous, lively, and vital flagging <> vibrant ponderous <> lively, vibrant, brisk vicarious adj. acting or serving in place of someone or something else; substituted b. committed or entrusted to another, as powers or authority; delegated vicarious <> first-handed vice n. moral depravity or corruption vice <> rectitude (sincerity ) benign, benignant <> vicious benignant adj. serenely mild and kindly vicissitude * n. a change or variation vicissitudinous <> unchanging, immutable, invariant, constant vicissitude <> immutability, unchangeability victimize to subject to swindle or fraud; to make a victim of victimize <> treat fairly vigilant * * adj. alertly watchful especially to avoid danger vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: demanding : satisfied ::wary : gulled, duped vigilant : ambushed :: vigilant : waylaid :: wary : gulled vigilant : danger :: thrifty : indigence watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled vigilant <> oblivious, unalert, slack, negligent, supine, soporific, inattentive wary adj. on guard; watchful waylay to lie in wait for and attack from ambush oblivious adj. lacking all memory; forgetful supine adj. lying on the back or with the face upward; mentally or morally slack negligent adj. marked by a carelessly easy manner soporific adj. tending to dull awareness or alertness vignette n. a short, usually descriptive literary sketch; a short scene or incident, as from a movie; a small decorative design or picture so placed vignette : scene :: skit : drama vignette : book :: scene : movie (?) skit n. a brief burlesque or comic sketch scene n. one of the subdivisions of a play vigor n. physical or mental strength, energy, or force decrepit <> vigorous vile * * adj. loathsome; disgusting; morally depraved; ignoble or wicked vile <> noble, unexceptionable, unimpeachable
vilify * * to make vicious and defamatory statements about vilify : laud :: vilify <> extol, honor, commend, laud vilification <> approbation, adulation, beautification commend to mention with approbation : PRAISE adulate to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly vim n. ebullient vitality and energy lassitude, lethargy <> vim, animation, verve lassitude n. a condition of listlessness : LANGUOR vindicate * * to clear of accusation, blame, suspicion, or doubt wit supporting arguments or proof vindicate : blame :: disabuse : miscomprehension vindicate <> calumniate, impugn, inculpate, confirm guilt, blame calumniate to make maliciously or knowingly false statements about impugn to attack as false or questionable; challenge in argument inculpate to incriminate inculpate to INCRIMINATE vindictive adj. disposed to seek revenge; revengeful; marked by or resulting from a desire to hurt; spiteful mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge (A seeks B) mercenary adj. hired for service merely for wages (money) in the army of a foreign country virtuoso * n. a person who has great skill at some endeavor virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power :: genius : intelligence virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned virtuoso <> mediocre, ordinary, unskillful person, beginner, novice virtuosity <> mediocrity, beginner, novice potentate n. one who wields great power or sway mediocre adj. moderate to inferior in quality; ordinary impostor one who engages in deception under an assumed name or identity unfeigned adj. not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE virtuous adj. having or showing virtue, especially moral excellence depravity : virtue :: doldrums : energy virtuous : basement :: base <> virtuous nefarious <> above reproach, virtuous nefarious adj. infamous by way of being extremely wicked doldrums n. a state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump depravity adj. moral corruption or degradation; a depraved act or condition virulent * adj. extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous; bitterly hostile or antagonistic; hateful virulent <> salubrious, harmless, genial, benign salubrious adj. conducive or favorable to health or well-being genial adj. marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness visceral * * adj. felt in or as if in the viscera : DEEP; not intellectual : INSTINCTIVE, UNREASONING
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visceral <> exterior, outside, external visceral <> conscious, intellectual, reasoning visceral <> learned, refined vise n. any of various tools with two jaws for holding work that close usually by a screw, lever, or cam to hold, force, or squeeze with or as if with a vise viscid adj. thick and adhesive. used of a fluid viscid <> slick viscous adj. having relatively high resistance to flow glutinous <> nonviscous glutinous adj. of the nature of or resembling glue; sticky visionary n. of the nature of a vision : ILLUSORY; existing only in imagination : UNREAL visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging (>) obliging adj. ready to do favors for others; accommodating vista n. a distant view or prospect, especially one seen through an opening, as between rows or buildings or trees b. an avenue or other passage affording such a view placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista vital adj. existing as a manifestation of life; full of life and vigor : ANIMATED; fundamentally concerned with or affecting life or living beings attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality :: debase : value dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness arrest <> vitalize vitality <> enervation, soporific arrest to make inactive vitiate * * to reduce the value or impair the quality of; to corrupt morally; debase; to make ineffective; invalidate vitiate <> strengthen, fortify, invigorate, buttress vitrify to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and fusion tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth vitriol * * n. virulence (extreme bitterness or malignity of temper) of feeling or of speech vitriolic <> soothing vitriol <> gentle word, soothing word, smooth word vituperative * adj. using, containing, or marked by harshly abusive censure vituperation : philippic :: lionize : admire :: vituperate : despise vituperate <> admire, praise, adulate vituperative <> adulatory, admirable, complimentary, laudatory lionize to treat as an object of great interest or importance vivacious adj. full of animation and spirit; lively
vivacious <> languid, phlegmatic, leaden vivid adj. perceived as bright and distinct; brilliant; full of the vigor and freshness of immediate experience vivid : intensify :: vivid <> weary vivify <> inhibit, deaden, dampen intensify to make intense or more intense vocal adj. given to expressing oneself freely or insistently : OUTSPOKEN vocal <> reticent reticent adj. inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : RESERVED vociferous adj. making, given to, or marked by noisy and vehement outcry vociferous <> reticent, monotone, serene, still serene adj. marked by or suggestive of utter calm and unruffled repose or quietude void adj. of no legal force or effect : NULL volatile adj. tending to vary often or widely, as in price; inconstant; fickle instable : volatility :: harmonious : congruence craven : heroic :: volatile : constant (#) volatile : temper :: ready : wit volatile : evaporate :: soluble : dissolve volatile <> constant, stable imperturbability <> volatility volitional volition n. the power of choosing or determining : WILL volition <> inability to choose, select volitional <>unintentional, compulsory, compelling, involuntary, unwilling voluble * * * * adj. marked by a ready flow of speech; fluent voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility (#) maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse (#) abandon : inhibition :: volubility : terseness (#) voluble : talkative :: (A=B) volubility taciturnity, reticence voluble taciturn, succinct, reticent, laconic licentious adj. lacking legal or moral restraints dissolute adj. lacking moral restraint; indulging in sensual pleasures or vices voluminous adj. having great volume, fullness, size, or number voluminous<> scanty, scarce, sparse, summarizing voluntary adj. arising from or acting on one's own free will; acting, serving, or done willingly and without constraint; normally controlled by or subject to individual volition voluntary <> coercion
voluptuary <> ascetic Spartan <> Sybaritic, indulgent, voluptuous, luxurious voluptuous <> self contained, self denying voluptuousness <> austereness Sybaritic n. VOLUPTUARY, SENSUALIST Vomit to be discharged forcefully and abundantly; spew or gush vomit : disgorge :: (=) voracious * * * adj. consuming or eager to consume great amounts of food; ravenous; having or marked by an insatiable appetite for an activity or a pursuit; greedy impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy voracious : food :: avaricious : money voracity <> lack of appetite voracious <> easily sated, abstemious voraciousness <> abstemiousness avaricious adj. greedy of gain : excessively acquisitive especially in seeking to hoard riches votary * n. a person who is fervently devoted, as to a leader or an ideal; a faithful follower votary <> skeptic, reactionary, apostate reactionary adj. ultraconservative in politics apostasy n. abandonment of a previous loyalty; DEFECTION vouch to give personal assurances; give a guarantee vouch <> refuse to guarantee vouchsafe to grant or furnish often in a gracious or condescending manner vouchsafe <> prohibit vulgar * * adj. of or associated with the great masses of people; common; deficient in taste, delicacy, or refinement b. marked by a lack of good breeding; boorish genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear vulgar <> noble, aesthetic, refined vulgarian <> aesthete (altruist ) vulgarity <> polish (neatness ) genteel adj. elegant or graceful in manner, appearance, or shape intrepid adj. resolutely courageous; fearless vulnerable adj. susceptible to physical injury; susceptible to attack vulnerable <> safe vulture n. a rapacious, excessively grasping or covetous, or predatory person vulture <> altruist
W volunteer n. a person who voluntarily undertakes or expresses a willingness to undertake a service volunteer <> obligatory voluptuous * * adj. giving, characterized by, or suggesting ample, unrestrained pleasure to the senses
waddle to walk with short steps that tilt the body from side to side; to walk heavily and clumsily with a pronounced sway slither : snake :: waddle : duck waffle
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to EQUIVOCATE, VACILLATE waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter (#) waffle <> speak unequivocally, insist harshly, express succinctly embed to make something an integral part of disinter to take out of the grave or tomb
larder:food larder n. a place where food is stored : PANTRY
gull a person who is easily tricked or cheated; a dupe
warmonger n. one who urges or attempts to stir up war dove, pacifist <> warmonger, jingoist
wayward adj. following no clear principle or law : UNPREDICTABLE
waft to cause to go gently and smoothly through the air or over water; to convey or send floating through the air or over water waft : plummet :: meander : dash
warp to turn or twist (wood, for example) out of shape; to turn from a correct or proper course; deflect aligned <> warped
weary adj. physically or mentally fatigued
wag n. a humorous or droll person; a wit ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid :: buffoon : ludicrous :: libertine : dissolute grouch : irritable :: wag : droll dolt n. person regarded as stupid waif n. a homeless child waif : pariah :: (A = B) wan * to grow or become pale or sickly wan adj. unnaturally pale, as from physical or emotional distress; suggestive or indicative of weariness, illness, or unhappiness; melancholy wan <> hale, rubicund, intense, intensive, robust, sanguine, animated, vigorous hale adj. free from infirmity or illness; sound rubicund adj. inclined to a healthy rosiness; ruddy wander to move about without a definite destination or purpose wander <> move purposely wanderlust n. a very strong or irresistible impulse to travel curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel wane to decrease in size, extent, or degree : DWINDLE emergence <> waning burgeoning <> waning resurgence <> waning vitally wane <> wax, increase, escalate, intensify
warrant to guarantee or attest to the quality, accuracy, or condition of; to guarantee or attest to the character or reliability of; vouch for warrant <> disallow, forbid, disapprove, deny gratuitous <> warranted, merited wary adj. on guard; watchful vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied :: wary : gulled wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed (A면 B하지 않는다) wary : paranoid :: confident : arrogant (A< scrupulous, wary, painstaking
weld to join (metals) by applying heat, sometimes with pressure and sometimes with in intermediate or filler metal having a high melting point; to bring into close association or union weld : metal :: sew : fabric weld <> divide well-developed adj. having a relatively high level of industrialization and standard of living
wastrel n. one who wastes, especially one who wastes money; a profligate; an idler or a loafer inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel
welter n. a confused mass; a jumble; confusion; turmoil welter <> orderly arrangement
waterproof waterproof <> permeable watershed n. a critical point that marks a division or a change of course; a turning point watershed <> routine watchful * adj. carefully observant or attentive : being on the watch watt n. the absolute meter-kilogram-second unit of power equal to the work done at the rate of one joule per second wax to treat or rub with wax usually for polishing or stiffening varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
wanton adj. immoral or unchaste; lewd; unrestrainedly excessive wantonness <> temperance
wax * to increase gradually in size, number, strength, or intensity wax <> decrease, decline, diminution, diminish, dwindle, waste away, flag, wane, ebb, shrink, fade, wither wax <> subside dwindle to become steadily less : SHRINK flag to become unsteady, feeble, or spiritless wither to lose vitality, force, or freshness subside to tend downward : DESCEND
warehouse n. a structure or room for the storage of merchandise or commodities warehouse: merchandise::food: pantry Warehouse : merchandise :: larder : food WAREHOUSE:MERCHANDISE :: landfill:refuse ::
weather to bear up against and come safely through; to undergo or endure the action of the elements weather <> fail to withstand weather : climate :: mood : disposition
wasp
wanting adj. lacking in ability or capacity : DEFICIENT; not present or in evidence : ABSENT repletion <> want
wardrobe vocabulary : word :: wardrobe : garment (itinerary : journey는 오답) larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes :: bookcase : books :: reservoir : water
weasel to use weasel words : EQUIVOCATE weasel <> speak frankly
waylay to lie in wait for or attack from ambush vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled :: wary : duped
wheedle to persuade or attempt to persuade by flattery or guile; cajole; to obtain through the use of flattery or guile wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion (=) whet to sharpen (a knife, for example); hone; to make more keen; stimulate whet : sharp :: tame : tractable Whet : sharpness :: tame : tractability whet : blunt :: (#) whet <> dull, blunt blunt adj. having an edge or point that is not sharp tame to reduce from a wild to a domestic state; SOFTEN whiff n. a slight, gentle gust of air; a waft blast : whiff :: gush : trickle (A >> B) whimsical adj. determined by, arising from, or marked by whim or caprice; erratic in behavior or degree of unpredictability caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive :: discontent : unsatisfied :: insight : discerning mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior :: fickle : affection whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration whimsical <> constant, dependable fickle adj. marked by lack of steadfastness, constancy, or stability : given to erratic changeableness wholesome adj. conducive to sound health or well-being; salutary decadence, taint <> wholesomeness
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wholesome, unspoiled <> deleterious, insalubrious, morbid, tainted, sordid noxious <> wholesome, sanitary, innocuous salubrious adj. conducive or favorable to health or well-being wicked adj. evil by nature and in practice nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality (=) nefarious adj. infamous by way of being extremely wicked willful * adj. said or done on purpose; deliberate; obstinately bent on having one's own way willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning willful : acquiesce :: callous : compassion willful<> tractable willowy * adj. resembling a willow; PLIANT; gracefully tall and slender ant. brittle, inflexible, resistant, rigid, stiff, unbendable, unpliable, unyielding; awkward, careless, graceless, inept, uncouth, ungraceful, unhandy; big, fat, full, large, wide willowy <> wilt to become limp or flaccid; droop: wilt <> flourish, thrive thrive to grow vigorously : FLOURISH wily adj. cunning, artful, guileful, shrewd, sly, tricky ant. artless, ingenuous, naive, unskillful wily <> ingenuous ingenuous adj. showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness wince to shrink or start involuntarily, as in pain or distress wince : pain :: smile : pleasure :: pout : displeasure :: sneer : contempt pout to exhibit displeasure or disappointment windbag n. an exhaustively talkative person windbag ↔ taciturnity windy adj. lacking substance; empty; given to or characterized by prolonged talk; verbose windy : concise :: hackneyed : original (#) windy <> terse, succinct winnow to get rid of (something undesirable or unwanted) winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities (A removes B) winnow : grain :: purify : water :: refine : oil winning adj. successful especially in competition; tending to please or delight winning <> repelling, repellent, unprepossessing, repugnant winsome adj. charming, often in a childlike or naive way unprepossessing <> entrancing, winsome winsome, winning <> repelling, repellent, unprepossessing, repugnant prepossessing adj. serving to impress favorably; pleasing unprepossessing; failing to impress favorably; nondescript
wistful adj. full of wishful yearning wistful : yearning :: effervescent : ebullience effervesce to bubble, hiss, and foam as gas escapes; to show liveliness or exhilaration ebullience n. the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of thoughts or feelings wit n. the natural ability to perceive and understand; intelligence volatile : temper :: ready : wit (c) wit <> dullard dullard n. a person regarded as mentally dull; a dolt volatile adj. readily vaporizable at a relatively low temperature ready adj. prepared mentally or physically for some experience or action witch n. one that is credited with usually malignant supernatural powers retainer : retinue :: witch : coven coven n. an assembly of 13 witches withdraw to take back or away; remove; to remove (money) from an account; to turn away (one's gaze, for example); to draw aside roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw press <> withdrawal issue <>withdraw tender <> withdraw wither to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture; to lose freshness; droop dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality :: fade : brightness wither <> revive, burgeon withered <> lush burgeon to grow and expand rapidly : FLOURISH lush adj. PLENTIFUL, PROSPEROUS, PROFITABLE
worldly <> singular, naive, spiritual, otherworldly singular adj. being out of the ordinary : UNUSUAL otherworldly adj. of, relating to, or resembling that of a world other than the actual world worship n. the reverent love and devotion ed a deity, an idol, or a sacred object b. the ceremonies, prayers, or other religious forms by which this love is expressed; ardent devotion; adoration worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury wrangler n. one who wrangles or quarrels; a cowboy or cowgirl, especially one who tends saddle horses lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd wretched adj. in a deplorable state of distress or misfortune; miserable; contemptible; despicable elation <> wretchedness wrinkle n. small ridge or furrow especially when formed on a surface by the shrinking or contraction of a smooth substance wrinkle : shirt :: kink : chain kink writ n. (law) a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to whom it is addressed to perform or cease performing a specified act wry adj. having a bent or twisted shape or condition; turned abnormally to one side; cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous wry <> even, straight, true, direct, undeviating
Y
withhold to keep in check; restrain; to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting withhold <> grant, proffer
yank n. a strong sudden pull : JERK yank : pull :: gust : wind gust n. sudden brief rush of wind
wizen to dry up; wither or shrivel wizened <> thriving, blooming, unwrinkled, moist, smooth, thick wizen <> thrive
yardstick n. a standard basis of calculation; a standard for making a critical judgment : CRITERION yardstick : length::
wobble to move or rotate with an uneven or rocking motion or unsteadily from side to side; to tremble or quaver wobble <> stabilize
yaw (nautical) to swerve off course momentarily or temporarily to turn about the vertical axis; to move unsteadily
wordsmith n. a fluent and prolific writer, especially one who writes professionally raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing raconteur n. a person who excels in telling anecdotes
yawn to open the mouth wide with a deep inhalation, usually involuntarily from drowsiness, fatigue, or boredom to open wide; gape yawn : fatigue :: laugh : mirth (whistle : attention ) yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment mirth n. gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with laughter blush n. a reddening of the face especially from shame, modesty, or confusion
worldly * * adj. of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits rather than to religion or spiritual affairs; EARTHLY; POSSIBLE
yielding adj. PRODUCTIVE; lacking rigidity or stiffness : FLEXIBLE beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield (#)
woo to seek the affection of with intent to romance
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tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry (#) evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield (=) default : pay :: yield : resist (#) obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble (#) meek <> unyielding dogged <> yielded outmaneuver <> yield insouciant adj. marked by blithe unconcern; nonchalant tenacious adj. persistent in maintaining or adhering to something valued or habitual insouciance n. lighthearted unconcern : NONCHALANCE default n. a failure to pay financial debts gamble to take a chance meek adj. deficient in spirit and courage : SUBMISSIVE dogged adj. marked by stubborn determination yoke to fit or join with a yoke sunder, asunder <> combine, yoke, bond sunder to break or wrench apart; sever yokel n.: a rustic; a bumpkin yokel : sophistication :: coward : courage bumpkin n. an awkward, unsophisticated person; a yokel
Z zany adj. ludicrously comical; clownish. zaniness <> gravity zeal * n. enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious zealot : passionate :: scrutinizer : observing fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift miser : munificent :: zealot : blase zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest zeal : dedicate :: rage : anger fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent (>) zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted torpor <> zeal zealotry <> lack of fervor vapid <> zealous zealot <> indifference, indifferent person, skeptic zealous <> apathetic, apathetical fervor n. intensity of feeling or expression spendthrift n. a person who spends improvidently or wastefully munificent adj. very liberal in giving or bestowing : LAVISH mesmerism n. hypnotic appeal fanatic adj. marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion idolatry n. immoderate attachment or devotion to something torpor n. APATHY, DULLNESS vapid adj. lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force blasé adj. apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment zenith n. the point on the celestial sphere that is directly above the observer zenith <> lowest point, nadir, lowliness, lack of fervor
zest * n. a. flavor or interest; piquancy b. the outermost part of the rind of an orange or a lemon, used as flavoring zest <> vapidity zesty <> vapid, bland, insipid, jejune zig to turn or change direction suddenly zig <> lineation zigzag zigzag : turns :: montage : images zigzag <> lineate zone to partition (a city, borough, or township) by ordinance into sections reserved for different purposes zoning : lands :: allocation : funds zone <> amalgamate
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