` UNIVERZITET CRNE GORE INSTITUT ZA STRANE JEZIKE
PRAVNI FAKULTET
GRAMATIKA GRAMATIKA ENGLESKOG ENGLESKOG JEZIKA SA VJEŽBANJIMA I
PRIREDIO: DANILO ALAGIĆ
PODGORICA, SEPTEMBAR 2012. CONTENTS: CHAPTER CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUC INTRODUCTION TION INTO ENGLISH ENGLISH TENSES-AUXI TENSES-AUXILIAR LIARY Y VERBS VERBS .. …..3 1.1 1.1 AUXI AUXILI LIAR ARY Y VERB VERB TO BE ………………………………………………..3 1.2 AUXILIARY AUXILIA RY VERB TO HAVE …………………………………………… 5 1.3 1.3 AUXI AUXILI LIAR ARY Y VERB VERB TO DO ……………………………………………….7 CHAPTER TO: THE PRESENT TENSES ……………………………………………….……..! 2.1 2.1 PRESEN PRESENT T CONTI CONTINUO NUOUS US TENSE TENSE ……………………………………..! 2.2 2.2 SI"P SI"PLE LE PRES PRESEN ENT T TENS TENSE E ……………………………………………..12 2.2.1 2.2.1 ADVER ADVERBS BS O# #RE$UE #RE$UENCY NCY ……………………………………..15 2.3 PRESENT CONTINUOUS VERSUS SI"PLE PRESENT …………...17 CHAPTER THREE: THE PAST AND PER#ECT TENSES ………………………………..…..2% 3.1 3.1 THE THE SI"P SI"PLE LE PAST AST ……………………………………………………...2% 3.2 PAST CONTIN CONTINUOU UOUS S TENSE TENSE ……………………………………….....2&
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3.3 PAST CONTINUO CONTINUOUS US VERSUS VERSUS SI"PLE SI"PLE PAST …………………….…27 3.& PRESEN PRESENT T PER#EC PER#ECT T TENSE TENSE ……………………………………….....2' 3.5 PRESENT PRESENT PER#ECT PER#ECT VERSUS VERSUS SI"PLE SI"PLE PAST ………………………33 CHAPTER #OUR: THE #UTURE ………………………………………………………………....&7 &.1 &.1
#UTU #UTURE RE SI"P SI"PLE LE
………………………………………………………....&7 CONTINUOUS …......5%
&.2 BE GOING TO( PRESENT SI"PLE( PRESENT
CHAPTER #IVE: "A)ING H-$UESTIONS ………………………………………………......5% 5.1 "A)ING $UESTIONS THROUGH A THREE-STAGE THREE-STAGE SYSTE"….5% …........................53
5.2 #INAL STEP TOARDS "A)ING H-$UESTIONS
CHAPTER SIX: REVISION O# TENSES ………………………………………………………...55 IDENTI#YING AND CORRECTING "ISTA)ES …………….. ……55 APPENDIX A: "OC) TEST …………………………………………………………………..... …………………………………………………………………........5! ...5! APPENDIX B: IRREGULAR VERBS ………………………………………………………...….. ………………………………………………………...…....*% ..*% APPENDIX C: CHEC) …………………… ……………………………………… …………………………..……… ………..……………………… ………………….....*2 ….....*2 LITERATURE ……………………………………………………………………………………..…*3
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6) "@%)9& -)6%7 "7) 4 +"%);(7): I >/ )% >/ )% E%'(&4= (44"% =-  ) /I#)# 9)4 %'(4"' -& +) 46#&9%"5.
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I 6" %" <)(( " 6" %" <)(( "%, "%) , "%" @"; =, 4=, & 6"4 %" <)(( #& @";#" 6" %" <)(( ;& @"; " 6" %" <)(( "%&, "%, "%) @"; = 6" %" <)((
6" I <)(( 6" " <)(( 6"4, = ,4=, & <)(( 6" <)(( 6" " <)(( 6" = <)((
P-&(" "6-63 @ "7 4 "3&9%" 7);(7) S&#+( P-4% 4: 99/<( //<( 6;0( ;( 0,( ,< 4/<80;></,( 0 "04/<404/<( /; ;> 804 ;K. EXERCISES: A. ADD THE ENDIGS -- -- TO THE VERB VERB HERE NECESSARY NECESSARY.. 1. I '. + ) "<("<. 2. T= '". " 4<=""(. 15
. M & "-. ) ="#. . 8 '". " = <&%#). . H '". " 4 =&4 -&%64. . S= 4+). '""6 E%'(&4=. W. !" )%. " 46 G-#)%. X. H 46. R44&)%. B. PUT DO OR DOES. 1. . K) "- &% )% "&< 2. . 4= '" =- 3 <)- . . " +-+)- #)(4 "- "- )#&( . . M-4. B() 6" = ="4"- . . = (&4% " = %4 . . = B()4 =); 4++- ) X "<("< W. . " "- &% )% "&< X. . = 4=" 4)- ) X "<("< Y. . M-4. B() +-+)- #)(4 "- =- )#&( 10. . = "- &% = 3)% C. PUT DO OR DOES AT AT THE BEGINNING O# THE SENTENCE TO "A)E $UESTI ESTIO ONS AND CHANGE ANGE THE #OR"S O# THE "AIN AIN VERB ERB I# NECESSARY. 1. H (&;4 &% L"%6"%. D"4 = (&; &% L"%6"% 2. I (& " 46. . . M)- )()4 <)<=4 34 %#3- 11 ) = <"-%- " =- 4-. . . M"=- )()4 #4 =- -&%64 "%< ) . . . T= G-%4 (&; &% = 4)# "%. . . T"# %7"4 =&4 (44"%4. . W. H- 4&4- )<=4 E%'(&4=. . X. H&4 -&%6 4+)4 F-%<= ) (&(. . Y. T= <=&(6-% )% =&- (%<=. . 10. T= )()4 =); (%<= ) =)( +)4 "%. . D. PUT THE #OLLOING SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE #OR". 16
1. H- 4"% 4+)4 E%'(&4= ((. H- 4"% 6"4%Q 4+) E%'(&4=. 2. T"# 46&4 ;- =)-6. . . J"=% %"4 F-%<= +-<(. . . !"- 46%4 '" )3-")6 ;- )-. . . M)- "% =(+4 =- #"=-. . . I ( (( "6). . W. 8 (& " '" " &% = ;%&%'. . X. M <()44 3'&%4 ) ) )-- +)4 &'=. . Y. I (& 4&##&%'. . 10. T= )% " '" " = <&%#). . E. PUT INTO INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE #OR": 1. 8 ' + ) X "<("<. D" ' + ) X "<("<. 8 6"%Q ' + ) X "<("<. 2. M 4"% '"4 " 4<=""(. . . T= 46 F-%<=. . . T"# 4+)4 G-#)% )%6 R44&)%. . . T= 46%4 '" " = <&%#). . . S= 4+)4 ;- '""6 E%'(&4=. . W. 8 (&4% " #4&< ;- 6). . X. M)- '"4 "- ) )( ;- #"-%&%'. .
2.2.1 ADVERBS O# #RE$UENCY 17
P-&("@& "7&#) 4 &4)@7 94)("4 /A6;-34 " -%<5 94" 4 "-&4 4) 4)6)%7&# ;-#%&# /S&#+( P-4% T%45. O%& %)# )@7 %) " "(&" 94" 4 %" 6);) "6%"4%" "6%"4%" % 6);) 6);) & "6'";)-)7 "6'";)-)7 %) +&)%7 +&)%7 H 6;0 /K"(&" 94"5. U "; '-+ 4+)6)7 +-&("@&: //< /;&7 J( J( 99/< /"3&9%"5( /"3&9%"5 ( 6;0 /94"5( /94"5( ; /+"%)65( /+"%)65( ,/,<4 /-&7"5( /-&7"5( 0, /%&)65. /%&)65. )()4
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A4, 6 6,90K< 6,90K< &6 &6 &4+-6 '();%"' '()'"() /4,08( / 4,08( 6( /;5 /; 5 )(& &@) +"#"$%&= '()'"() /6)( &@) '()'"() ; ( ; 4( K/0( 9;( >94 & >94 & 4(.5 S= 6;0 ; 6;0 ; = =- -&%64 ) = %6. 8 0, 4,08 0, 4,08 <". <". D" " 6;0 " " = <&%#) BUT: I / 0, 4)&4?6. 4)&4?6. S= 40@; 99/< ' ' + )-(. !" !" 9; //< 3(&; //< 3(&; &% "-4(. EXERCISE: A. RERITE THE THE SENTENCES PUTTING PUTTING THE ADVERB ADVERB IN BRAC)ETS BRAC)ETS IN THE CORRECT PLACE. THE #IRST SENTENCE IS DONE #OR YOU. 1. !" #4 )4= "- =)%64 3"- (%<=. //<J !" !" #4 //< )4= //< )4= "- =)%64 3"- (%<=. 2. K)-% =)4 <""&4 "- 6&%%-. 99/
. T= &64 +() 3)43)(( &% = ="4. ,/,
2.3 PRESENT CONTINUOUS VERSUS SI"PLE PRESENT EXERCISES: A. PUT THE VERBS IN BRAC)ETS IN EITHER THE SI"PLE PRESENT OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 1. T= 6""-3(( . /-&%'5 ;- "%. 2. T= 6""-3(( . /-&%'5 %". . H . /-&5 #)% (-4 " =&4 +)-%4. . J"=% &4 34 %". H . /-&5 ) (-. . M-. J"%4 . /4#"5 ;- #<=. . H . /4#"5 #"- =)% ) +)<)' " <&')-4 ;- 6). W. L"" H . /4#"5 ) <&')- %". X. I . /-)&%5 ) '-) 6)( 6-&%' = 4+-&%' #"%=4. Y. L"" I . /3'&%5 " -)&%. 10. L&4% S"#"% . /%"<5 ) = 6""-. 11. T= 34 )()4 . /4"+5 ) =&4 <"-%-. 12. T= 34 . /4"+5 "- 4 %". 1. I )()4 . /'5 "% = 34 ) =&4 <"-%-. 1. 1. M-. M-. )%6 )%6 M-4. M-4. S#& S#&= = . ./3 /3& &(6 (655 ) % % ="# ="# "% S<" S<"%6 %6 A;%. A;%. 1. 8 8 ./=);5 E%'(&4= (44"%4 =-  ) . 1. 8 . /=);5 "- E%'(&4= (44"% %". 19
1W. L"" H(% . /);5 " 4 -"# )<-"44 = 4-. 1X. 8&((&)# )()4 . /<"#5 " 4<=""( 3 34. 1Y. B & "- " &(( ) = 3)3. S= ./4(+5. 20. S= . /4(+5 )3" "-% ="-4 ) 6). 21. M-. R4 . /4+)5 E%'(&4= &= ) 4-"%' "-&'% )<<%. B. CHOO CHOOSE SE HET HETHE HER R THE THE VERB VERB SHOU SHOULD LD BE IN THE THE PRES PRESEN ENT T CONTINUOUS OR THE SI"PLE PRESENT TENSE: 1. I )()4 )()4 . 3"- I '" " 4(+. 4(+. )5 )# -)6&%' 35 -)6 2. S= . F-%<=, 3 4= 6"4% 4+) I)(&)%. )5 4+)4 35 &4 4+)&%' . S= . -&'= %". )5 4+)4 35 &4 4+)&%' . N . " = =)-. )5 '" 35 )- '"&%' . /G%-)((5 I . M&<)% ""6. )5 ("; 35 )# (";&%' . H" 6" " ( I . '-) )5 )# (&%' 35 ( W. L&4% I . " +()&% =&4 " ". )5 )# -&%' 35 - X. T"#"--" I . " 4 # -&%6. )5 )# '"&%' 35 '" Y. 8=- &4 4= %" S= . ="#. )5 )(4 35 &4 )(&%' 10. H" 6"4 4= 4)(( ' " "- S= .. )5 &4 )(&%' 35 )(4 11. I 4)(( . " -"< #4&<. )5 (&4% 35 )# (&4%&%' 12. 8=) &4 4= 6"&%' S= .. " #4&<. )5 (&4%4 35 &4 (&4%&%' 1. M +-"44"- )()4 . ;- 4("(. 20
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1. 8=) )- " 6"&%' "%&'= 8 . " 4 ) #";&. )5 )- '"&%' 35 '" 1. H %"-#)(( . ;- )4. )5 6-&;4 35 &4 6-&;&%' 1. I %;- . =) " +<. )5 )# %"&%' 35 %" 1W. I# 4"--, A%'() <)% <"# " = +="% 4= . ) 4="-. )5 &4 )&%' 35 )4 1X. I . ="# -&'= %". )5 '" 35 )# '"&%' 1Y. T="4 '&-(4 . " ;- F-&6). )5 )- '"&%' 35 '" 20. /G%-)((5 I . <()44&<)( #4&<. )5 (& 35 )# (&&%' C. PUT THE VERBS VERBS IN BRAC)ETS BRAC)ETS IN EITHER EITHER THE SI"PLE SI"PLE PRESENT PRESENT OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS. 1. S)-)= . /4+)5 I)(&)% )%6 F-%<= 3 4= . /%", 4+)5 G-#)%. 2. B <)-( !"Q(( ) + # M"#. M"#. S= . /4(+5. . H . /%", -);(5 -);(5 " "- "- ;- 6). 6). . M 3-"=3-"=- )%6 # )=)=- . . /"-5 &% L"%6"% L"%6"% 3 ) = #"#% = ./35 &% M"4<". . S)-)= . /%", (&5 +&@@) )%6 #)<) )<)-"%& 3 4= 4= . /%7"5 )&%' =)#3-'-4. . H . . /4#"5 /4#"5 #"- =)% ) +)<)' +)<)' " <&')- <&')-4 4 ;- 6). L"" H . /4#"5 ) <&')- %". W. T= T= 4) 4)(( (( .. /'"5 /'"5 " 4<="" 4<=""(( 3 34 34 3 3 "6) "6) ./'"5 "% "". X. I . . /35 34 %". %". I . . /-&5 /-&5 ) ((- " # +)-%4. I . /%", -&5 " =# ;- "%. Y. M +)- +)-% %44 . . /%" /%",, )5 )5 #) #).. T= T= . . /35 ;')-&)%4. 10. I . /%", =&%5 = &4 ) ""( 11. M +)-%4 %;- . /)5 #). T= . /35 ;')-&)%4. 21
D. PUT IN THE SI"PLE PRESENT OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS. NOTE HERE BOTH #OR"S #OR"S ARE POSSIBL POSSIBLE. E. A HOLIDAY HOLIDAY OB ITH A DI##ERENCE DI##ERENCE I /465 ................. ............................ ............E%'(&4= .E%'(&4= ) E- U%&;-4&. U%&;-4&. I# "% ="(&6) ) = #"#% )%6 I /"-5 .......................... ............................. ... &% ) +3(&< (&3-)-. (&3-)-. I# (< " =); =&4 =&4 7"3. "3. I /%" %" =); =); "5. "5........ ....... ...... .... ....... ...... ....... ...... .... ' + )-( )-(.. T= T= (&3 (&3-)- )- /"+ /"+%5 %5.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ) 10 )%6 )%6 /<(" /<("4 455 .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ) W. IQ4 IQ4 &%-4&%' "- 3<)4 +"+( /)()4 <"# &%5................ &%5......................... ............. .... )%6 /)45 W. ............................ # " =(+ =#, 4" I /()-%5 ........................... ) (" )3" 6&-% 437<4. I /%7"5............ /%7"5...................... ................. ....... = 7"3 )%6 /?%65 ......................... ........................... & ;- )#4&%', )#4&%', "". "". P"+( "+( /45.... /45........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ......... ..... = 4-)%'4 4-)%'4 =&%'4 =&%'4 )4 3""#) "#)- -4. 4. I =); ); "% "%6 6 ) -)4= )4=-- " 3)<"% )<"% /%< %<"" ""6 65. 5. M)< )<=4 =4&<4 &<4 /35............................. <"##"% )%6 4" /35 ............................. 34 &<4. M <"(()'4 /)()4 ?%65............................. =&%'4 "" ;% ) 10 \ %", 3 I =);% =);% 3% 3% 4" (< (< I "% "% /=&% /=&%5. 5.... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... " = +="" +="" " ) 3)&( "#)% =&<= I "%6. O% = 3)< - = "-64: I /(";5 ............................. ................ ............. ". I /#&445..................... /#&445...... ....................... ........ " )%6 I(( %;- "-' ".
CHAPTER THREE: THREE: THE PAST AND PERFECT TENSES 3.1 THE SI"PLE PAST TENSE /PROSTO TENSE /PROSTO SVRENO VRIJEME5 D) 3& %)+-);&(& +-"(" 4;-%" ;-&7# "-&4&#" &%?%&&; & +-"(& "3(& /+,;,;5 +,;,;5 '()'"().
22
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I 44 0; '" 0; '" " L"%6"%. /%&4)# 3&" L"%6"%5 !" 44 0; '" 0; '" " L"%6"%. H 44 0; '" 0; '" " L"%6"%. &6.
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P/; S+ T0 P,;,; T0J 4 "-&4&: "-&4&: )5 6) 4 &@-)@& -)6%7) "7) 4 64&() +-"("4& & +;+90 /,/ +) /,/ +) %#) %&); ;@ 4) 4)6)%7"$: I / &% / &% L&;-+""( ()4 )-. /B&" 4)# L&;-+( +-"( '"6&%5 35 6) 4 &@-)@& -)6%7) "7) 7 ;,/F// 08 ,F 9 +,; 3@ +,; 3@ &); ;@ 4) 4)6)%7"$: 8 0; " 4<=""( =% - <=&(6-%. /I(& 4#" "( )6) 4#" 3&(& 67<)5 <5 )6) '";"-&#" " 4;)-&#) "7 >(&#" 6) 4 6"'"6 &(& 3& -3)(" 6) 4 6"'"6: I4 &# = , = , 3)<. 3)<. /V-&7# 7 6) 4 ;-)5 I &4= I >/4 ) >/4 ) % <"#+-. /V"(&" 3&= 6) &#)# %";& "#+7-5 65 @);&4%"7 -9%&<& )" 7 '();%"7 +,;,; /4()')%7 +,;,; /4()')%7 ;-#%)5: T= +"(&<#)% ;4 # ;4 # I 4, " 4, " #<=. /P"(&<)7)< #& 7 -)" 6) 4)# +-;& ;"@&"5 24
K)6) )>#" )6) &(& '67 4 -)6%7) 6"'"6&(), #"-)#" "-&4&& P)4 S&#+(, ) % P-4% P-< P-< P-&(" "6-63 @ "7 4 9F8 "-&4& "-&4& S&#+( P)4 T%4 4: <;,4/<( <;,4/<( /; 0>;80;>"04/ 0>;80;>"04/< <( ; 4/<0;>8 4/<0;>8 /( ;>0( >0( 0 2%%3… 2%%3… ; K/ /; +,//0 /J +;,4/0 8 8 YESNO 9;0J I <)((6 /7) 4)# @;)"5 " <)((6 =, 4=, & <)((6 <)((6 " <)((6 = <)((6
4,/0 8 I 6&6% <)(( " 6&6% <)(( <)(( =, 4=, & 6&6% <)(( 6&6% <)(( " 6&6% <)(( <)(( = 6&6% <)((
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EXERCISES: A. PUT THE #OLLOING #OLLOING SENTENCES INTO INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVE AND NEGATIVE #OR". THE #IRST SENTENCE IS DONE #OR YOU. 1. H ( ) "<("<. D&6 = (); ) "<("<.. H 6&6%Q (); ) "<("<.. 2. I 3"'= =&4 6-44 &% ) 3&' 4"-. . . . T= % " = 4)4&6 ()4 #"%=. . . . S= -);((6 )("% &% 1YX2. . 25
. . T= <)# ) 4;% "<("<. . . .. H =)-6 = '""6 %4 ) #&% )'". . . W. 8 )--&;6 3"- ". . . X. H "-'" =- %)#. . . Y. T= <=&(6 ) 4"# 44 3"- (%<=. . . 10. T= '&-( '); # )(( = &%"-#)&"% I )%6. . . 11. T= - &% L"%6"% ()4 )-. . . 12. M)- 46&6 ;- #<= ()4 )-. . . B. PUT THE VERBS IN BRAC)ETS INTO THE PAST SI"PLE TENSE. 1. 8=% did your friend arrive /"- -&%64, -&%64, )--&;5 )--&;5 ()4 %&'= 2. M 3-"=- .. /%" " 35 &% F-)%< &% 1YW1. . R"3- )%6 J)% .. /'"5 )3-")6 ()4 #"%=. . M (64 6)'=- .. /;&4&5 I)( ()4 4##-. . J"=% .. /35 4"# +-4%4 "- =&4 (&( 4"% =% = )4 &% L"%6"%. . 8 .. /%" " 6&4<445 = #)- 3"- 6&%%-. W. H" #)% <()444 .. /", =);5 4-6) X. 8=% .. /"- ?-4 -#, 3'&%5 Y. I .. /35 4"# 3""4 ()4 . 10. H- #"=- .. /#)5 4"# ;- 6(&<&"4 <)4 ()4 S%6). 26
C. #ILL IN EACH BLAN) SPACE ITH THE SI"PLE PAST TENSE O# THE VERB IN PARENTHESES. !4-6) !4-6) I /" =);5 ) -)(( 3)6 6). 6). I /" )5 + ) Y "<("< 3<)4 I /" "-'5 " 4 # )()-# <("< = %&'= 3"-. I /'5 + )4 )4 )4 I <"(6 )%6 I /" +5 "% 4"# <("=4. I -)% &%" = &<=% )%6 /" #)5 #4( ) <+ " <". T=% I /" 6-&%5 = <" ;- )4 )%6 )%6 I /" -%5 " # <)-. I /" 35 ) --&3( #"-%&%'
3.2 PAST CONTINOUS TENSE /NESVRENI TENSE /NESVRENI PRETERIT5
+, ,F // ; M +/,;K+ +,0;/ /0 // S= / S= / ,/40. ,/40. /"%) 7 9&)()5 8 , +/<0 +/<0.. /#& 4#" &'-)(&5 O6-&9%& "3(& 4 +-);& 6"6);)%7# -79&< %": S= / S= / 0; ,/40 ,/40 S= /0; S= /0; -)6&%'. U+&%& "3(& 4 +-);& &%;-@&7"#: / / > +/<0 +/<0 , , +/<0 +/<0 N,0 +,;,; 4 +,;,; 4 +"-3(7);): •
6) 4 "+& )#3&%, "6%"4%" 6) 4 +-6 9&)"< +"4);& 4<%) +-&9 +&4)%) +-"("# ;-#%. O3&9%" +-&9) +"9&%7 0,0 +,;,;, +,;,;, ) @)&# 4 %)4);(7) +-"(&# ;-#%"#, ;-#%"#, %+-: J)#4 B"%6 / B"%6 / 4,0 =-"'= 4,0 =-"'= "%. I / I / ,/00 ,/00.. T= &%6 / &%6 / 0 =)-6. 0 =)-6. N"3"6 / N"3"6 / /80 /80 &% &% = 4-4. S66%(, B"%6 4) = &((- &% ) (+="% 3"...^ 27
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6) 4 "+& -)6%7) "7) 7 -)7)() 6" -%) )6) 7 7 +-&%() %) 6-') +-"() -)6%7) /"3&9%" @ +-&("' =%, =&(, )4, & )6) 4 P)4 C"%&%"4 "-&4& %)+"-6" 4) S&#+( P)4 T%4"#5: I / >/0 ) >/0 ) 3)&( 6-)# =% = )()-# <("< ,/0. ,/0. /D&;%" 4)# 4)%7)" )6) 4 )()-# "'()4&".5 P/; C0;099
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•
za dvije radnje koje se dešavaju istovremeno (obično uz ri!o" #$i!e%&
T= <=&(6-% , <=&(6-% , +/<0 +/<0 =&( =&( =&- #"=-4 , #"=-4 , K>/;;0 K>/;;0.. /D7<) 4 4 &'-)() 6" 4 %7&="; #)7 9);-(7)(5 K"6 '()'"() "7& 4 % "-&4 -)7%"# "3(& +"-3(7);) 4 "3&9%& +--& /;&6& 44 -.115. .115. P-&("@& @ "7 4 "-&4& P)4 C"%&%"4 4 >0( 4 >0( >( /, /, )" & +-&(" "6-63 / 4/<0>;,00( /; ;>,0>; @KK8 <;,4/< /6;,00 & /6;,00 & 4(. ; K/ /; +;,4/0 8 8 YESNO 9;0J I )4 <)((&%'. " - <)((&%'. <)((&%'. =, 4=, & )4 <) <)((&%' - <)((&%' " - <)((&%' <)((&%'
4,/0 8
I )4 %" <)((&%' " - %" %" <)((&%' =, 4=, & )4% <)((&%' -% <)((&%' " -% <)((&%'
9+;/0 )4 I <)((&%' - " <)((&%' <)((&%' )4 =, 4=, & <)((&%' - <)((&%' - " <)((&%'' <)((&%'' 28
= - <)((&%'
= -% <)((&%'
- = <)((&%'
EXERCISES A. CHOOSE CHOOSE THE CORRECT CORRECT #OR" O# THE PAST PAST CONTINUOUS CONTINUOUS TENSE: 1. T= <=&(6-% . "4&6. )5 - +()&%'
35 )4 +()&%'
2. T= 6"' . ) 4. )5 - 3)-&%'
35 )4 3)-&%'
. M )<=- .= -<&4 " #. )5 - +()&%&%'
35 )4 +()&%&%'
. I . " # #+ +()-. )5 - (&4%&%'
35 )4 (&4%&%'
. T="4 +"+( . ")-64 = (&3-)-. )5 - )(&%'
35 )4 )(&%'
. T= <"" .) )4 #)(. )5 - +-+)-&%'
35 )4 +-+)-&%'
W. I ." ? # <"#+-. )5 - -&%'
35 )4 -&%'
X. M -&%6 )%6 I . 3)43)((. )5 - +()&%'
35 )4 +()&%'
Y. T= +"(&< "&<-4 . = =&. a% #ere '$asin"
b% #as '$asin"
10 )* sister and +* brot$er ,,,,,,, a% #ere sin"in"
b% #as sin"in"
B. PUT PUT THE THE VERB VERB IN BRAC BRAC)E )ETS TS INTO INTO THE THE PAST AST CONT CONTIN INUO UOUS US TENSE. 1. T= 4% /4=&%5 =% I % ". 2. 8=% #"=- %-6 = -""# = <=&(6-% /4(+5. 29
. I # "- )<=- =% I /'"5 " "%. . S= /4&5 3 = &%6" =% I +)446 3. . M)- /4&5 ) = )3( =&( =- #"=- /+-+)-5 (%<=. . T=&4 &# 4-6) I /+-+)-5 # (44"%4. W. M)- /-5 " +="% H(% =% I %-6 = -""#. X. T= T= )<= )<= - /-)6 -)655 = % % (44 (44" "% )%6 )%6 = 46 46% % /(&4% "5 =&# )%&;(. X. 8=) /" 6"5 ) X "<("< 4-6) I /=);5 3-))4. Y. I /6-&;5 " = <& <%- =% I 4) ". 10. H /)(5 " =&4 )%, 3 = 4"++6 )4 = <)# &%. 12. H /"-5 )(( #"-%&%' 4-6). 1. 8=) /" 6"5 =% = (+="% -)%'
I
/#)5 <". 1. 8=% = )& )--&;6 I /4&(( +)<5 4"# 4#)(( =&%'4. 1. 8)4 J"=% &= &= " N", = /-)65 &% = "=- -""#. 1. I /+5 =&( 4= /6&<)5 " #. 1W. 8 /=);5 ) -4 =% = 6""-3(( -)%'. 1X. T= &%6 /3("5 = ="( 6) 4-6). 1Y. J4 )4 I /();5 ="# ) ('-)# )--&;6. 20 -e ,,,,,,,, (!ook% at +e a!! t$e ti+e
3.3 PAST CONTINUOUS VERSUS SI"PLE PAST A. CHOOSE WHICH VERB TENSE (simple past or past continuous) ITS BETTER.
1 . / . didnt $ear *ou 'o+e in a% #as s!eein"
b% s!et
2 . to see $er t#i'e but s$e #asnt $o+e a% #as 'o+in"
b% 'a+e
3 $at . #as #at'$in" #at'$in " a% did *ou do
b% #ere *ou doin" 30
4 obin -ood #as a '$ara'ter #$o fro+ t$e ri'$ and "ave to t$e oor a% sto!e
b% #as stea!in"
5 -e* did *ou ta!k to $er es . a% #as ta!kin"
to $er b% ta!ked
6 . $o+e ver* !ate !ast ni"$t a% 'a+e
b% #as 'o+in"
7 -o# !on" t$e f!u a% did *ou $ave
b% #ere *ou $avin"
8 a "ood ti+e in razi! es . $ad a b!ast a% e ere re *ou $avin"
b% :id *ou $ave
9 e breakfast #$en s$e #a!ked into t$e roo+ a% $ad
b% #ere $avin"
10 ;ast +ont$ . de'ided to bu* a ne# 'ar and toda* . fina!!* it a% bou"$t
b% #as bu*in"
B. PAST SI"PLE OR PAST CONTINUOUS. UNDERLINE THE CORRECT VERB #OR". #OR".
1. S= S= worked/was working &( ) =- 64 =% 466%( = 6""opened/was opening )%6 =- 6)'=- rushed/was rushing &%.
2. H stood up/was standing up, walked/was walking )<-"44 = -""#, )%6 closed/was closing = &%6". . A 4-)%' #)% walked/wa walked/was s walking walking &%" = -""#. H wore/was wearing -6 -"4-4 )%6 ) +&% 4=&-. . Didn't you meet/Weren't meet/Weren't you meeting "- & =&( " worked/were working &% C=&(
. I saw/was seeing " &% = +)- 4-6). 4-6). !" !" sat/were sitting "% ) 3%<= &= "- )-# -"%6 T"#. T"#. . A4 4""% )4 I walked/was walking &%" = -""#, = handed/was handing # = (-.
31
W. H&4 )=- )4 -)(( )%'- &= =&# 3<)4 = listened/was listening " #4&< =&( = did/was doing =&4 ="#"-. X. 8= didn't they visit/weren't they visiting # =&( = stayed/were staying &% L"%6"%
Y. A4 = passed/was passing = = 3)% 3)%, ) #)% #)% &% ) #)4 #)4 knocked/was knocking =&# "%" = '-"%6.
10. 8=) did you write/were you writing =% " <"#+- crashed/was crashing
C. PUT IN THE SI"PLE PAST OR PAST CONTINUOUS. NOTE HEN BOTH #OR"S ARE POSSIBLE. TUG-O#-AR ITH A HEDGEHOG M-4. M), M), "- D&4-&< D&4-&< N-4, N-4, (drive) ........................ ="# ="# ) ).#. "% %&'= )- )% -'% ;&4& " ) si'k atient <$e (drive) a!on" a deserted 'ountr* !ane #$en s$e (see) (see) a ne# kind of ani+a! <$e (stop) $er 'ar and (get out) out) $e ani+a! (be) '!ear!* visib!e in t$e b!aze of $er $ead!i"$ts .t (look) (look) !ike a $ed"e$o" $ed"e$o" #it$ a ta!! #$ite $at .t (cro cross) ss) t$e t$e road road #it$ #it$out out a*in a*in" " an* atte attent ntio ion n to )rs )rs )a* )a* $en $en )rs )rs )a* )a* (go) '!ose to it s$e (notice) t$ t$at at t$ere #as a !asti' !asti' *o"$urt *o"$urt ot on t$e $ed"e$o"s $ead $e oor 'reature $ad "ot its $ead stu'k in t$e !asti' ot -er instin'ts as a nurse (tell) (tell) $er s$e #ou!d $ave to res'ue it so s$e (pull) at t$e ot but t$e $ed"e$o" (pull) too too =fter fter a stru stru"" ""!e !e s$e s$e (pul pull) t$e t$e ot off off t$e t$e $ed"e $ed"e$o $o" "ss $ead $ead )rs )rs )a* )a* (think) t$e $ed"e$o" (look) rat$er sad #$en s$e (notice) (notice) t$at t$e ot #as $a!f $a!f fu!! fu!! of stra stra#be #berr rr* * *o"$ *o"$ur urt t <$e (giv (give) e) it ba'k to t$e $ed"e$o $ed"e$o" " $e 'reatu 'reature re (seize) (seize) it (put) it on its $ead a"ain and triu+$ant!* (continue) (continue) its journe* a'ross t$e road
32
3.& PRESENT PER#ECT TENSE /SADANJI PERFEKT5
+,0; +0 / ; >/ M
+/; +/,;K+ /0 //
>/( >/J
III 80/J
M
00; M -4
S/4/0F S/4/0F +,68; +,68; 4 &@-) &@-)>) >);) ;) +"; +";@) @)%" %"4 4 &@# &@# +-" +-"(" ("4 4&& & 4)6)%7"4&, )9%" ;-&7# 6);)%7) -)6%7 %&7 %)@%)9%", " @%)9& 6) 4#" ;&
@)&%-4";)%&
@)
-@()
-)6%7
%'"
@)
4)#
-)6%7.
K)6) 3&4#" -(& )6) 4 -)6%7) "6;&7) #"-)(& 3&4#" +"-&73&& +--& +--& /S&#+( P)4 T%45. P,0; P,6K; 4 P,6K; 4 "-&4&: •
6) 4 "+& -)6%7) &(& 4)%7 "7 7 +"9(" +-"("4& & %)4);(7) 4 4)6)%7"4&: T=&4 34& >/ 0 &% &4%< "-
)-4. /O;) 4-)%&<)
+"4"7& ;$ '"6&%)5 I >/ 4 &% S)-)7;" 4&%< 1YW0. /]&;&# S)-)7; "6 1YW0, & 7" ;&7 >&; •
6) 4 &@-)@& -)6%7) "7) 7 @);-%) ;-#%4"# +-&"6 "7& 7" -)7: I >/ 0 " 0 " Z)'-3 =&4 . /O; %67(7 4)# +";)" Z)'-3, 46#&<) 7" %&7
@);-%)5 33
•
6) 4 "@%)9& -)6%7) "7) "7) 7 @);-%) %)6 +-"("4&, )(& 7 -@() -)6%7 ;)>)%: I >/ 9>; ) <)-. /K+&" 4)# )", ;)>%" 7 6) 7 )" +(7%, %&7 3&%" )6)5
•
@ +-&("' "7& "@%)9);)7 %+-&6)% -)@#) ;-#%): ,( 0,( <;( /,/4<( 0K( 6 "-: "-: H/ " H/ " , 0 " 0 " B"4%&) /J4 (& &)6) 3&(& B"4%&5
•
6) 4 &@-)@& -)6%7) "7) 4 +-);" 6"'"6&() /@ +-&("' F9; F9; &(& F9; F9; 0 5: 5: T= '44 >/ F9; 0;,4 = 0;,4 = =)((. /G"4& 4 +-);" (& 6;"-)%5.
A#-&)%<& % "-&4 P-4% P-< P-< "(&" )" B-&)%<&. A#-&)%<& 9$ +"-3(7 +"-3(7);)7 );)7 S&#+( S&#+( P)4 #74" #74" P-4% P-4% P-<). -<). A#-&)%)< A#-&)%)< 3& -)": -)": D4 <9 >/ 90K>^ 90K> ^ 6" 3& B-&)%)< ;&7 -)": H/ H/ <9 >/4 90K>. 90K> . P-4% P-< 4 "-&4& @ 4(76$ +-&(" "6-63: 6,( 0K( /,/4<( F9;( //<( ,K0;<( ,K0;<( /;<( /;<( ,( ,( 0,( 0,( > 0( 6/,( 6/,( ;> 80;></,… 80;></,…
; K/ /; +;,4/0 8 8 YESNO 9;0J
4,/0 8
I =); <)((6 /7) 4)# @;)"5 I =);% <)((6 " =); <)((6 <)((6 " =);% <)((6 <)((6 =, 4=, & =)4% =, 4=, & =)4 <)((6 <)((6 =); <)((6 =);% <)((6 " =); <)((6 <)((6 " =);% <)((6 <)((6 = =); <)((6 = =);% <)((6
9+;/0
=); I <)((6 =); " <)((6 <)((6 =); =, 4=, & <)((6 =); <)((6 =); " <)((6 <)((6 =); = <)((6
; 04 0/ +;,4/0 8 8 YESNO 9;0J
4,/0 8
9+;/0 34
I =); "%6 /7) 4)# %))"5I =);% "%6 " =); "%6 "%6 " =);% "%6 "%6 =, 4=, & =)4% =, 4=, & =)4 "%6 "%6 =); "%6 =);% "%6 " =); "%6 "%6 " =);% "%6 "%6 = =); < "%6 = =);% "%6
=); I "%6 =); " "%6 "%6 =); =, 4=, & "%6 =); "%6 =); " "%6 "%6 =); = "%6
#, "-&4&#" "-&4&#" )6) +-&9)#" " ,/4F9 ,0/: ,0/: #&%), W 46#&<), 20 '"6&%). A" " -)@6"3(7 -)@6"3(7 4> 6" 4)6)%7' 4)6)%7' -%) +"-3(7);)#" +"-3(7);)#" @ 6, +-, ) )" 7 " -)@6"3(7 @);-%" #"-)#" +"-&73&& +)4 4&#+( /+--&5. T)-) >/0; 6; (( 6; (( "- " 4. /T)-) 4 % "47$) 6"3-" ;$ 6;&7 46#&<5 46#&<5 )(&: T)-) 440; 6 (( 6 (( "- " 4, )%6 %" 4= (4 ((. /T)-) /T)-) 4 %&7 6"3-" "47$)() ;$ 6;&7 46#&<, ) 4)6) 4 "47$) 6"3-"5.
S0K "-&4&#" S0K "-&4&#" )6) @%)#" 4 8F ,08 ;/8 4 ;/8 4 "6;&7) -)6%7): "6 Y 4)&, "6 W. 7)%)-), "6 +). 6, +-&"6 ;-#%)
0K "6 ;-#%4 )9
20 #&%4 =- 6)4 4& #"%=4 ) ("%' &#
.1 )# M"%6) J)%)- I ( 4<=""( = 3'&%%&%' " &#
;-
+"4(&7 +"6%.5 +"47&() "6 #)-).5
I ;944 "- =- ="-4. /U9&# ;$ -& 4)).5 H >/ /;K>4 TV /;K>4 TV 4&%< W +#. /O% '(6) TV "6 W 4)& S)-)= >/0; ;4 4 4&%< M)-<=. /S)-) %)4 %&7
35
#, 4 4 #"> "-&4&& 4;&# ;-#%&#), 0K 4 0K 4 "3&9%" "-&4& 4)#" 4) P-< ;-#%&#).
EXERCISES A. #ILL IN IN EACH BLAN) BLAN) SPACE SPACE ITH THE THE CORRECT PAST PARTICIP PARTICIPLE LE #OR EACH VERB. EX write!!"written write!!"written
1. 4&%': ..... 2. %": .. . -: .... . 3(&;: . . 46: . 4: W. )((: X. ()'=: Y. <-: 10. %6-4)%6: .. B. CHANGE EACH SENTENCE INTO THE PRESENT PER#ECT: EX #$ am playing playing %ase%all & $ have have played %ase%all#
1. I am speaking " ". I =); " ". 2. T=) #)% is driving ) <)-. T=) #)% =)4 ) <)-. . M -&%6 is sleeping. M -&%6 =)4 . . S= is &% P-)'. S= =)4 &% P-)'. . T= are arguing )3" #"%. T= =); #"%. . T= are taking ) 4. T= =); ) 4. W. S= is eating. S= =)4 X. I am listening " #4&<. I =); " #4&<. Y. T= #4&<&)% is playing ) 4"%'. T= #4&<&)% =)4 ) 4"%'. 10. S= is ying " B-(&%. S= =)4 " B-(&%.
36
C. CHANGE EACH SENTENCE INTO THE PRESENT PER#ECT: EX #$ played %ase%all %ase%all & $ have played %ase%all#
1. I ) ;')3(4. I =); ;')3(4. 2. I <)#. I =);. . M <"4&%4 4"(6 =&- <)-. T= =); =&- <)-. . I "(6 ) 4"-. I =); ) 4"-. . T= 4) # -&%6. T= =); # -&%6. . 8 <()%6 "- -""#. 8 =); "- -""#. W. I _ " M&<" C&. I =); " M&<" C&. X. I ="'= )3" '"&%' "% ;)<)&"%. I =); )3" '"&%' "% ;)<)&"%. Y. I 4+" " M)- )3" ". I =); " M)- )3" ". 10. S= <="4 = 3( +)%4. S= =)4 = 3( +)%4. C. PUT THE VERB IN BRAC)ETS INTO THE PRESENT PER#ECT TENSE. 1. /", -)65 =&4 =&4 3"" 2. /", ;-, ;-, 35 )3-")6 . /=, ?%&4=5 ?%&4=5 =) "- ) ()4 . S= /%", 45 45 =# "- )-4. )-4. . H <)% 6" & )4 (( )4 = /6"5 & + " %". . I /74, &%-"6<5 =&# " # 4&4-. 4&4-. W. F"F"- #"%=4 %", %", I /#5 %" "% <+ PP- )%6 =&4 -&%64. X. I /74 /74, , 3-&% 3-&%'5 '5 = = #3#3-( (() () " " ( ( &% = = <()44-""#. Y. 8=) /=, /=, 6"5 "- 4 4" )- 10. 10. H" H" ("%' ("%' /= /=, 35 ==- I =&% =&% = = /35 &% B('-)6 4&%< ()4 F-&6). F-&6). 11. S= /74, ();5 ();5 "- E6&%3-'=. E6&%3-'=. 12. 8=) /", 35 =&4 =&4 #"-%&%' #"-%&%' 1. I /%", ;&4&5 ;&4&5 =# =&4 #"%=. 1. T"# T"# /"-5 =)-6 "6) )%6 &4 ;- &-6. 1. T= /%", )--&;5 . 37
1. /", /", )(-)6, )(-)6, -)65 )(( = 3""4 "% = (&4 I /%", "<=5 =# . 1W. I /((5 J"=% J"=% " <"# <"# =&4 ;%&%'. ;%&%'. 1X. S= /74, '"5. 1Y. /=, )--&;5 "- = #&%' 20. I /%", 4+)5 " J"=% . .
3.5 PRESENT PER#ECT VERSUS SI"PLE PAST A. CHOOSE CHOOSE HICH VERB TENSE SI"PLE PAST OR PRESENT PRESENT PER#ECT PER#ECT #ITS BETTER. 1. I . ;"((3)(( &% 4;-)( #"%=4. )5 =);% +()6 35 6&6% +() 2. I . " ) = +)- ()4 %&'=. )5 =);% 4% 35 6&6% 4 . J)<4 4&4- . =- -&%6 &% L"%6"% ()4 )-. )-. )5 =)4 ;&4&6 35 ;&4&6 . I . &% ) 4#)(( "% &% I)(. )5 =); 3% 3"-% 35 )4 3"-% . !" . =-, =); " )5 =);% "(6 35 6&6% (( . !" . =-, 6&6 " )5 =);% "(6 35 6&6% (( W. I . &% L"4 A%'(4 "- ?; )-4 /)%6 I 4&(( (&; =-5. )5 =); (&;6 35 (&;6 X. I . &% L"4 A%'(4 "- ?; )-4 /3 I 6"% %" ("%'- (&; =-5. )5 =); (&;6 35 (&;6 Y. M '&-(-&%6 )%6 I . =-  ()4 . )5 =); '"% " 35 % " 10. I . " "- ;- 6) =&4 . )5 =); )(6 35 )(6 B. PUT THE VERB ERBS IN BRAC RAC)ET )ETS INTO THE PAST AST SI"P I"PLE OR PRESENT PER#ECT. PER#ECT. 1. I ="+ " /%", )&5 "- # 4-6). 2. C"# " 4 =) I /35 "- ". 38
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
!"((
?%6
"
=%
"
'
=-,
=
/4)5 ......................... I /)--&;5 ........................ &% P-= ()4 . S&%< =%, I 39
/4) /4)5 5 .... ...... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ..) ) ) %&< %&< =" ="(( %)%)- ) 3) 3)& & (( 3)< 3)<=. =. I /%; /%; ;&4&5
.................... .......................A4-)(&) ...A4-)(&)
3"-
)%6
I
)#
%7"&%'
#
4). 4).
I
/4 /4 ..... ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... .... . ;- ;- 6) -"# -"# = &# &# I /)--&; /)--&;5. 5... ..... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... !4-6) !4-6),, )% A4-)(&)% -&%6 /4''45 .......................). .......................). "- &%" = 34=. I /)'-5 ..................... ........................ ... ) "%<. T= ?-4 =&%' I /%"&<5 ........................ ........................=% =% /35 ........................ &% = 34= /35 ........................ = _&4. A- ) =&( I /-## /-##33-55 ..... ........ ...... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... = <"%; <"%;-4) -4)&" &"% % I =)6 =)6 &% L"%6"% L"%6"% 3"- 3"- I /<"#5
........................=-.
8=)4
=
A4-)(&)%
4)(
I
/)45 ........................ 466%(, )4 I );6 # -&'= )-# " + = _&4 )). T=)4 & # -&%6 4)&6 )4 = /);5. ..................... .......................3)< ..3)<
3.* PRESENT PER#ECT CONTINUOUS TENSE /SADANJI TENSE /SADANJI TRAJNI PERFEKT5 /4/0F +,68/; +0 / ; >/ M +/,;K+ >/( >/ 0J
/4/0F +,0;J M
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#AZA III H$UESTION: )ONAAN ODGOVORJ 59
