June Monthly Examination in Science 9- Chemistry I.
Identification. Direction: Choose the appropriate term to complete each sentence below. -
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Chemistry Compounds Chemeia Scientific method Kinetic energy Law of constant composition Jacques Charles Law of conservation of energy
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Philosopher’s stone Heterogeneous mixture Alchemists Molecule - Socrates, Plato and Aristotle - Experiment - Potential energy
The study of matter and changes that it undergoes. Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Smallest particle of a compound. Stored energy that remains available until we choose to use it. A method of investigation involving experimentation and observation to acqire new knowledge, solve problems and answer questions. Energy associated with motion. The most famous of the Greek philosophers. The scientist discovered that patterns and regularities existed in their observations of gas behaviors. The people who search for ways to change cheap metals into gold. Consist of visibly different substances. State that the ration by mass of the elements in the compound is always the same, regardless of the source compound. Alchemist experimented with many different kinds of chemicals, searching for what they termed the__________. Chemistry comes from the greek word _____________. A controlled method of testing a hypothesis under the conditions at a time and place of choosing. A substance that are made up of more than one type of atom.
Modified true or false. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is true and Write FALSE if the statement is false then CHANGE the underline word for the statement become correct. (2 pts. each) 1. The father of Modern chemistry is Robert Boyle. 2. The father of chemistry is Anton Lavoisier. 3. Alchemists began looking for ways to transform common metals, such as lead, copper, and iron, into gold. 4. A Theory is an explanation that summarizes a hypothesis or a set of hypothesis and has been supported with repeating testing. 5. A Scientific method is a statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments. 6. An Element is a substance that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by chemical method. 7. A Compound is substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together. 8. A Mixture consists of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together. 9. A Potential energy is energy associated with motion. 10. Law of conservation of energy stated that the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is conserve. II.
Essay Direction: Answer the question briefly. (5 pts. Each) 1. What was the origin of the word “Chemistry”? 2. How is energy used? 3. State the law of conservation of energy.
July Monthly Examination in Science 9- Chemistry I
Matching type: Direction: Match each definition with the correct term. Definition
Term
1
It uses circles or lines to represent each orbital. 2 It states that as electrons are added to “build up” the element. 3 List the number of the principal energy level followed by the letter of the sub-level type. 4 A number used when describing the Energy level available to atoms and molecules. 5 The second quantum number and is Designated by the script letter l. 6 The final quantum number and is designated by the script of letter s. 7 An electron that is associated with an Atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bod. 8 The outermost energy level. 9 Electrons that are not in the outermost Energy level. 10 Also known as electron dot. II
Ion and Ion formation. Direction: Complete the table below.
Element 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A. Quantum number B. Spin quantum number C. Lewis dot diagram D. Magnetic quantum number E. Electron configuration code F. Valence electron G. Aufbau priciple H. Core electron I. Angular momentum Quantum no. J. Orbital representation K. Valence shell
# Valence electron
# Electrons to gain
#Electron to lose
Ion formed/name
Li N O Ca Br S Cl K Mg Be
III I
Electron Configuration: Direction: In the space below, write the unabbreviated electron configurations of the following elements:
1 2 3 4 5
Sodium _________________________________________________________________ Iron ____________________________________________________________________ Bromine _________________________________________________________________ Barium __________________________________________________________________ Lead ____________________________________________________________________
II 1 2 3 4 5 III
Direction: In the space below, write the abbreviated electron configurations of the following elements: Cobalt _________________________________________________________________ Silver__________________________________________________________________ Radium ________________________________________________________________ Barium ________________________________________________________________ Polonium ______________________________________________________________ Lewis dot
Direction: Draw the Lewis dot structure for each of the following ionic compounds.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Draw the Lewis dot diagram for Lithium. Draw the Lewis dot diagram for calcium. Draw the Lewis dot diagram for bromine. Draw the Lewis dot diagram of selenium. Draw the Lewis dot diagram of oxygen. MgO 7. AlCl3 8. Al2O3 BaF2 10. Li2O
IV. Definition Direction: Define the Following term briefly. (5 pts. each) 1. Define an Ion. 2. Define polyatomic Ions.
I
- Scientific Law - Physical change - Chemical potential stenergy - Law of constant composition 1 Quarterly Examination in -Science 9 – Chemistry - Chemical properties Hypothesis - Homogeneous mixtures - Antoine Lavosier Identification. Direction: Identify the appropriate term.- Theory - Robert Boyle - Element - Chemical Change - Work - Physical change - Controlled experiment
1. The father of chemistry. 2. Can only be observed when a substance is changed into a new substance. 3. Changes that occurs when one substance is turned into another substance. 4. The father of Modern chemistry. 5. Energy stored in the atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds that make up matter. 6. One that compares the results of an experimental sample to a control sample. 7. An explanation that summarizes a hypothesis or a set of hypothesis and has been supported with repeating testing. 8. Referred to as solution. 9. Force applied over a distance. 10. A substance that is made up of only one type of atom. 11. A statement that summarizes the result of many observation and experiments. 12. Changes that do not alter the identity of a substance. 13. Properties that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 14. A suggested solution. 15. States that the ratio by mass or the elements in the compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound. II. Modified true or false Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is true and Write FALSE if the statement is false then CHANGE the underline word for the statement become correct. (2 pts. each) 1. The word “al-kimia” meaning “the art of transformation” 2. Chemistry is the scientific study of matter and the changes that it undergoes. 3. Scientific law is a method of investigation involving experimentation and observation to Acquire new knowledge, solve problem, and answers question. 4. An experiment is a not controlled method of testing a hypothesis under the conditions We want at a time and place of our choosing. 5. A controlled experiment is one that compares the results of an experimental sample to a control sample. 6. A molecule is the smallest unit of an element having the properties of that element. 7. A Kinetic energy is a stored energy that remains available until we choose to use it. 8. Where there is work there is force 9. The fundamental law of conservation of energy is energy cannot be created but destroyed. 10. A molecule is a group of two or more particles chemically joined together. III. Electron Orbitals. Direction: Draw orbital diagrams for the following atoms: 1. F 2. K 3.B 4. O 5. S 6. Cl 7. Al 8. P 9. Ne 10. H
Direction: Draw Lewis dot diagrams for the following atoms. 1. Oxygen
4. Carbon
7. Beryllium
10. Boron
2. Phosphorus
5. Magnesium
8. Hydrogen
3. Helium
6. Potassium
9. Aluminum
IV. Ionic Compound and writing formulas. Direction: Write chemical formulas for the compounds in each box. The names are found by finding the intersection between the cations and anions. Example: The first box is the intersection between the “zinc” cation and the “chloride” anion, so you should write “ZnCl2”, as shown. (25 pts.)
1. Chloride 2. Sulfate 3. Nitrate 4. Oxide 5. Nitride
Zinc ZnCl2
Iron (II)
Iron (III)
Gallium
Silver
Lead (IV)
Direction: Write the formulas for the following compounds: 1) Copper (II) chloride _____________________________________________________ 2) Lithium acetate ________________________________________________________ 3) Vanadium (III) selenide __________________________________________________ 4) Manganese (IV) nitride __________________________________________________ 5) Beryllium oxide ________________________________________________________ 6) Sodium sulfate _________________________________________________________ 7) Aluminum arsenide _____________________________________________________ 8) Potassium permanganate ________________________________________________ 9) Chromium (VI) cyanide __________________________________________________ 10) Tin (II) sulfite _________________________________________________________ Direction: Give the name of the following ionic compounds: 1) Na2CO3 _____________________________________________________________ 2) NaOH ______________________________________________________________ 3) MgBr2 ______________________________________________________________ 4) KCl _________________________________________________________________ 5) FeCl2 _______________________________________________________________ 6) FeCl3 _______________________________________________________________ 7) Zn(OH)2 _____________________________________________________________ 8) Be2SO4 ______________________________________________________________ 9) CrF2 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10) Al2S3___________________________________________________________________________________________________
September Monthly Examination in Science 9- Chemistry I
Multiple Choice. Direction: In the space provided, write the complete word/s of the term or phrase that best completes each statement.
_____ 1. If two covalently bonded atoms move closer than a distance of the bond length, the potential energy of the atoms A. Becomes negative C. Increase B. Decreases D. Remains constant _____ 2. The electrons involved in the formation of a covalent bond are A. Transferred from one atom to another B. Found only in the s orbitals C. Valence electrons D. In filled orbitals _____ 3. Bond energy is the energy A. Absorbed as a molecule forms. B. Change as atoms get closer together. C. Required to break a chemical bond and form separate, neutral atoms. D. Of two covalently bonded atoms. _____ 4. Bond length between two bonded atoms is A. twice the diameter of the molecular orbital. B. the separation at which their potential energy is minimum. C. the separation at which the motion of each atom stops. D. the sum of the diameters of each of the two overlapping electron clouds. _____ 5. Which compound most likely has the greatest bond energy? a. HF; HF bond length = 92 pm C. Cl2; ClCl bond length = 199 pm b. I2; II bond length = 266 pm D. HCl; HCl bond length = 127 pm _____ 6. The Lewis structure of which of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? A. NH3 C. CCl4 B. BF3 D. H2O _____ 7. In a double covalent bond, A. One atom has more than eight valence electrons. B. One atom loses a pair of electrons. C. Two atoms share eight valence electrons. D. Two atoms share two pairs of electrons. _____ 8. Which of the following is not a resonance structure of SO3?
_____ 9. How many double bonds are in the Lewis structure for hydrogen fluoride, HF? A. None C. Two B. One D. Three _____ 10. To draw a Lewis structure, it is not necessary to know A. The length of the bonds. B. The types of atoms in the molecule. C. The number of valence electrons for each atom. D. The number of atoms in the molecule. _____ 11. VSEPR theory A. predicts the shape of some molecules. B. is limited to polar molecules. C. assumes that pairs of valence electrons surrounding an atom repel each other. D. Both (a) and (c) _____ 12. The shape of molecules that contain only two atoms is A. Linear C. Trigonal planar B. Bent D. Either (a) or (b) _____ 13. According to VSEPR theory, which molecule has a bent shape? A. CO2 C. CS2 B. H2O D. HF _____1 4. VSEPR theory predicts that the shape of carbon tetrachloride, CCl4, is A. Linear C. Trigonal planar
B. Bent D. Tetrahedral _____ 15. Which of the following molecules is polar? A. C2H2 C. BF3 B. H2O D. CO2 _____ 16. The structure of which of the following compounds suggests that it has the highest boiling point? A. CH4 C. NaCl B. CO2 D. O2 _____ 17. The VSEPR formula for a molecule of type AB2E2 tells you that the molecule is made up of A. a central atom A, with two B atoms and two E atoms bonded to it. B. a central atom A, with two B atoms bonded to it and two unshared electron pairs. C. a central atom A, with two B atoms bonded to it by two bonding electron pairs. D. two central atoms B, with an atom A and two atoms E bonded to it. _____1 8. Orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals on the same atom are called A. Bonding orbitals C. Hybrid orbitals B. Valence orbitals D. High-energy orbitals _____1 9. The effects of hydrogen bonding will cause which compound to have the highest boiling point? a. H2O C. H2S b. PH3 D. HCl _____ 20. Which are the intermolecular forces that can act between non-polar molecules? A. Covalent bonds C. Hydrogen bonds B. Hybridization D. London dispersion forces Covalent formulas and Nomenclature Direction: Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
Nitrogen tribromide __________________________________ Hexaboron monosilicide __________________________________ Chlorine dioxide __________________________________ Hydrogen monoiodide __________________________________ Iodine pentafluoride __________________________________
II. Write the names for the following covalent compounds: 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)
P4S5 __________________________________ O2 __________________________________ SF6 __________________________________ Si2Br6 __________________________________ SCl4 _________________________________
III.
Lewis dot structure of covalent bond. Direction: Draw the Lewis dot structures for each of the following covalent molecules. (2 pts.)
1. H2O 4. CCl4
2. SiF4 5. C2H6
3. CF2Cl2
IV. Enumeration: Direction: Enumerate the following. Write the 5 steps on performing Lewis dot structure of an element.
Rules in naming binary covalent compounds (5 pts.)
2nd Quarterly Examination in Science 9 – Chemistry I. Writing and Naming Covalent Formulas and Nomenclature I. Direction: Write the formulas for the following covalent compounds 1) Nitrogen tribromide _____________________________________
2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8 9) 10)
Hexaboron monosilicide __________________________________ Chlorine dioxide _______________________________________ Hydrogen monoiodide __________________________________ Iodine pentafluoride ___________________________________ Dinitrogen trioxide ____________________________________ Nitrogen trihydride (ammonia)___________________________ Phosphorus triiodide __________________________________ Dihydrogen monoxide _________________________________ Diphosphorous pentoxide ______________________________
II. Direction: Write the names for the following covalent compounds: 11) P4S5 __________________________________ 12) O2 ___________________________________ 13) SF6 __________________________________ 14) Si2Br6 ________________________________ 15) SCl4 __________________________________ 16) CH4 __________________________________ 17) B2Si __________________________________ 18 NF3 __________________________________ 19 H2O ___________________________________ 20 N2O5 __________________________________ II. Identification and Completion type. Direction: Complete the table below. (20 pts.) Formula Lewis dot structure Electron Geometry Molecular Geometry 1 2 3 4 5
CCl4 PH3 H2Co H2O2 C2H4
Direction: Use different color of ballpen to circle the common atoms or compounds in each equation to help you determine the type of reaction it illustrates. Use the code below to classify each reaction. S = Synthesis D = Decomposition SR = Single Replacement DR = Double Replacement 1. ______ P + O2 → P4O10 2. ______ HgO → Hg + O2 3. ______ Cl2 + NaBr → NaCl + Br2 4. ______ Na + Br2 → NaBr 5. ______ HgO + Cl2 → HgCl + O2
6. ______ Mg + O2 → MgO 7. ______ Al2O3 → Al + O2 8. ______ H2 + N2 → NH3 9. ______ CuCl2 + H2S → CuS + HCl 10. ______ C + H2 → CH4
Direction: Balance the following equation. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)
____ Na3PO4 + ____ KOH ____ NaOH + ____ K3PO4 ____ MgF2 + ____ Li2CO3 ____ MgCO3 + ____ LiF ____ P4 + ____ O2 ____ P2O3 ____ RbNO3 + ____ BeF2 ____ Be(NO3)2 + ____ RbF ____ AgNO3 + ____ Cu ____ Cu(NO3)2 + ____ Ag ____ CF4 + ____ Br2 ____ CBr4 + ____ F2 ____ HCN + ____ CuSO4 ____ H2SO4 + ____ Cu(CN)2 ____ GaF3 + ____ Cs ____ CsF + ____ Ga ____ BaS + ____ PtF2 ____ BaF2 + ____ PtS ____ N2 + ____ H2 ____ NH3 ____ NaF + ____ Br2 ____ NaBr + ____ F2 ____ Pb(OH)2 + ____ HCl ____ H2O + ____ PbCl2 ____ AlBr3 + ____ K2SO4 ____ KBr + ____ Al2(SO4)3 ____ CH4 + ____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O ____ Na3PO4 + ____ CaCl2 ____ NaCl + ____ Ca3(PO4)2 ____ K + ____ Cl2 ____ KCl ____ Al + ____ HCl ____ H2 + ____ AlCl3 ____ N2 + ____ F2 ____ NF3 ____ SO2 + ____ Li2Se ____ SSe2 + ____ Li2O ____ NH3 + ____ H2SO4 ____ (NH4)2SO4
III. Word Problem Direction: Write the word equation for each of the following chemical reactions, BALANCE them if necessary, and include the type of reaction. (2pts. Each) 1. When isopropanol (C3H8O) burns in oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide, water, and heat are produced. 2. When dissolved beryllium chloride reacts with dissolved silver nitrate in water, aqueous beryllium nitrate and silver chloride powder are made. 3. When dissolved sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid (H 2SO4), aqueous sodium sulfate, water and heat are formed. 4. When fluorine gas is put into contact with calcium metal at high temperatures, calcium fluoride powder is created in an exothermic reaction. 5. When Sodium metal reacts with iron (II) chloride, iron metal and sodium chloride are formed. Direction: Identify each of the equation below as synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, or double replacement. 1. HgO Hg + O2 _____________________ 2. NaCl + AgNO3 NaNO3 + AgCl _____________________ 3. Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2 _____________________ 4. Zn + H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 _____________________ 5. NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O _____________________ 6. Al2 (SO4)3 + Ca(OH)2 Al(OH)3 + CaSO4 _____________________ 7. H2 + O2 H2O _____________________ 8. Cl2 + NaBr NaCl + Br2 _____________________ 9. Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu _____________________ 10. KClO3 KCl + O2 _____________________
November Monthly Examination in Science 9 – Chemistry Multiple choice. Direction: Circle the letter of the correct choice. 1 2
3 4
5
Earth is similar to the other inner planets in the solar system in its A. Size C. Composition B. Shape D. All of the above When a ship sails away from shore, people watching from shore see the bottom of the ship disappear first. This is because the A. Atmosphere obscures it C. Planet is rotating on its axis B. Surface of Earth is curved D. Ship sinks deeper into water Earth’s magnetic field resembles the magnetic field of a A. Bar magnet C. Horseshoe magnet B. Spherical magnet D. None of the above Earth’s magnetic field A. Extends far out into space B. Shields the planet from solar radiation C. Is small in comparison with the size of Earth. D. two of the above Earth is farthest from the sun during A. Summer in the Northern Hemisphere B. Winter in the Northern Hemisphere C. Summer in the Southern Hemisphere D. Different seasons from year to year 6 Areas on the moon called Maria. A. are seas of water C. Formed a million years ago B. consist of basaltic lava D. Two of the above 7 The surface of the moon includes A. Craters C. Polar ice caps B. Mountains D. Two of the above 8 The moon’s core. A. Is relatively small C. Consist mostly of nickel B. Contains very little iron D. Is composed of igneous rock 9 The mantle of the moon A. Is composed of two layers C. Contains the mineral olivine B. May have high levels of iron D. All of the above 10 The moon’s crust is rich in the elements A. Silicon C. Magnesium B. Oxygen D. All of the above 11 Most of the atoms of the sun exist as A. Solids C. Gases B. Liquids D. Plasma 12 Most of the solar system is powered by energy that originates in the sun’s A. Core C. Photosphere B. Corona D. Chromosphere 13 Energy travels through the radioactive zone of the sun as particles called A. Photons C. Plasmas B. Protons D. None of the above 14 Which of the following statements about sunspots is false? A. They usually occur in pairs C. They disrupt heat transfer in the sun B. They repeat in 11-year cycles D. They are storms on the sun’s surface 15 Solar flares occur when_______________. A. There is a break in a loop of the sun’s magnetic field. B. Solar wind causes fires to flare up on the sun’s surface. C. Nuclear reactions take place in the sun’s atmosphere. D. Matter inside the sun changes to the plasma state. 16 Interactions between the sun, moon, and Earth include__________. A. Lunar and solar eclipses C. Earth’s tides B. Phases of the moon D. All of the above
17 The ecliptic is the______________. A. Plane in which Earth orbits the sun. B. Distance between the moon and Earth. C. Period during which an eclipse occurs. D. Difference in size between the umbra and penumbra. 18 A total solar eclipse occurs when A. Earth’s umbra falls on the moon. B. Earth’s shadow completely blocks the moon. C. The moon’s shadow completely blocks the sun. D. none of the above 19 A solar eclipse usually lasts for A. A few minutes C. A few hours B. At least an hour D. A day or more 20 The moon passes through all of its phases about once every A. Week C. Month B. 2 weeks D. 2 months True or False. Direction: Write T if the statement is TRUE and F if is FALSE. _____ 1. The cone-shaped part of the moon’s shadow is the penumbra. _____ 2. The sun makes up over 99 percent of the mass of the solar system. _____ 3. A total of six spaceships have landed on the moon. _____ 4. Earth is the only planet in the solar system known to have liquid water. _____ 5. The sun’s core is made of solid rock. _____ 6. There are no current plans for returning to the moon. _____ 7. All objects in the solar system have gravitational attraction to each other. _____ 8. Light is only partly blocked in the umbra part of a shadow. _____ 9. Solar eclipses are rare events. _____ 10. The moon’s gravity is about half as strong as Earth’s gravity. _____ 11. If you look at Earth from the North Pole, the planet spins in a clockwise direction _____ 12. The sun has no atmosphere. _____ 13. During a partial lunar eclipse, only part of the moon enters Earth’s umbra. _____ 14. The sun’s energy comes from reactions in which hydrogen changes to helium. _____ 15. It takes the moon the same amount of time to make one rotation as it does to make one revolution. _____ 16. The moon appears to rise in the east because Earth rotates from east to west. _____ 17. Energy travels through the radiative zone of the sun at the speed of light. _____ 18. A total lunar eclipse occurs once every month. _____ 19. The far side of the moon has been seen only from spacecraft. _____ 20. Earth tilts about 3 degrees on its axis. Essay. Direction: Answer the following question briefly. (5 pts. each) 1. Explain how Earth’s motions cause cycles of day and night and also the seasons. 2. The last astronaut to walk on the moon did so more than 40 years ago. If you were to travel to the moon, you could still see the astronauts’ footprints. Explain why.
3rd Quarterly Examination in Science 9 – Chemistry Multiple Choices. Direction: Circle the letter of the correct choice. 1 The outer planets of the solar system are giant balls of A. Solid ice C. Liquid water B. Dense rock D. Swirling gas 2 Without gravity, the moon would A. Drop to Earth’s surface C. Fly off into space B. Start orbiting the sun D. Shrink in size 3 The strength of the force of gravity between two objects depends on their A. Mass C. Distance apart B. Speed D. Two of the above 4 Which statement about Earth’s magnetic field is false? A. It extends into space B. It is caused by gravity C. It has north and south poles D. It shields Earth from harmful radiation 5 Earth’s motions contribute to A. Tides C. Day and night B. Seasons D. All of the above 6 The side of Earth facing away from the sun is always A. In the dark C. Cooler than the outside B. Experiencing winter D. Two of the above 7 Earth has seasons because A. It tilts on its axis C. It rotates on its axis B. Its orbit is elliptical D. Its distance from the sun varies. 8. Astronauts last visited the moon in_______________. A. 1962 C. 1982 B. 1972 D. 1992 9. The moon’s size is______________________. A. [U+215B] the size of Earth C. 12 the size of the earth B. 14 the size of Earth D. 34 the size of the earth 10. The surface of the moon always looks the same because the moon has no________________. A. Gravity C. Running water B. Weather D. Two of the above 11. The coldest temperatures on the moon are found________________. A. Deep in craters C. Where the sun never shines B. At the north pole D. Two of the above 12. Which statement about lunar Maria is false? A. They are still forming C. They formed billions of years ago B. They look dark from Earth D. They formed when magma filled craters 13. Which of the following would you not expect to find on the moon? A. Ice C. Bacteria B. Dirt D. Water molecules 14. You could find oxygen on the moon if you analyzed the________________________. A. Core C. Atmosphere B. Crust D. None of the above 15. Most of the atoms of the sun exist as A. Solids C. Gases B. Liquids D. Plasma 16. Most of the solar system is powered by energy that originates in the sun’s_________________. A. Core C. Photosphere B. Corona D. Chromosphere 17. Energy travels through the radioactive zone of the sun as particles called__________________. A. Photons C. Plasmas B. Protons D. None of the abovec. plasmas. 18. Which of the following statements about sunspots is false? A. They usually occur in pairs C. They disrupt heat transfer in the sun B. They repeat in 11-year cycles D. They are storms on the sun’s surface 19. Solar flares occurs when____________________. A. there is a break in a loop of the sun’s magnetic field B. solar wind causes fires to flare up on the sun’s surface C. nuclear reactions take place in the sun’s atmosphere D. matter inside the sun changes to the plasma state
20. The hottest part of the sun is the A. Convection zone C. Core B. Radioactive zone D. Corona 21. Power grids and communication systems on Earth may be disturbed by a A. Sunspot C. Solar corona B. Solar flare D. Solar fusion reaction 22. Interactions between the sun, moon, and Earth include_____________________. A. Lunar and solar eclipses C. Earth’s tides B. Phases of the moon D. All of the above 23. The ecliptic is the_____________________. A. Plane in which Earth orbits the sun B. Distance between the moon and Earth C. Period during which an eclipse occurs D. Difference in size between the umbra and penumbra 24. A total solar eclipse occurs when________________. A. Earth’s umbra falls on the moon B. Earth’s shadow completely blocks the moon C. the moon’s shadow completely blocks the sun D. none of the above 25. A solar eclipse usually lasts for______________________. A. A few minutes C. A few hours B. At least an hour D. A day or more 26. The moon passes through all of its phases about once every______________. A. Week C. Month B. 2 weeks D. 2 months 27. How much time goes by between the new moon and first quarter moon phases? A. 1 week C. 3 weeks B. 2 weeks D. 4 weeks 28. Which phase of the moon occurs next after the full moon phase? A. Third quarter moon C. Gibbous moon B. Crescent moon D. New moon 29. Our solar system includes____________________. A. Galaxies C. Black holes B. Asteroids D. Constellation 30. The early Earth-centered model of the universe was proposed by______________. A. Galileo C. Copernicus B. Ptolemy D. None of the above 31. The planet that is most similar to Earth in mass and diameter is_____________. A. Mars C. Jupiter B. Venus D. Mercury 32. Which statement is true about the inner planets of our solar system? A. They formed before the sun formed C. They include Mars and Jupiter B. They formed from dense elements D. They have very long years 33. All planets of our solar system orbit the sun______________. A. In the same plane C. In the same direction B. At the same speed D. Two of the above 34. How long the day lasts on a planet depends on its____________________. A. Distance from the sun C. Speed of rotation B. Speed of revolution D. Length of orbit 35. To be a planet, an object must__________________. A. Be big enough that its own gravity makes it round B. Have cleared its path of smaller objects C. Orbit a star D. all of the above True or False. Direction: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. _____ 1. Light travels faster than anything else in the universe. _____ 2. The first rockets ever used were launched in the 20th century. _____ 3. The first space station was put into orbit by the United States.
_____ 4. It takes 1 light-year for light from the sun to reach Earth. _____ 5. The first liquid-fuel rockets to be built were designed by Robert Goddard. _____ 6. Skylab studied the effects on humans of living in space. _____ 7. When we look at stars, we are seeing back in time. _____ 8. Wernher von Braun joined NASA and helped design rockets for space travel. _____ 9. The ISS was constructed piece by piece over time. _____ 10. Visible light makes up most of the electromagnetic spectrum. _____ 11. The first satellite ever to orbit Earth was put into space by the United States. _____ 12. The Soviets put a total of three Salyut space stations into orbit. _____ 13. EM waves with longer wavelengths have higher frequencies. _____ 14. The scientist who first explained how satellites stay in orbit was Hermann Oberth. _____ 15. Early space exploration was driven by competition between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. during the cold war.
Identification. Direction: Identify the appropriate term.
-
Space station
- Thrust
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Salyut 1
- Satellite
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Skylab
- Space probe
-
Mir
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International Space Station
- Third law of motion - Spectrometer
_____ 1. First space station ever put into orbit. _____ 2. Any object that orbits a larger object. _____ 3. Energy that is transmitted across space as waves. _____ 4. Space station that is a joint project of the U.S. and several other nations. _____ 5. Name of the force that pushes a rocket forward. _____ 6. Device that uses both mirrors and lenses to make distant objects appear larger. _____ 7. Any large spacecraft on which humans can live for extended periods. _____ 8. Type of spacecraft that does not have human occupants.
_____ 9. Type of EM radiation emitted by very cool stars. _____ 10. Part of a space shuttle that can be navigated like an airplane. _____ 11. Law that explains how satellites stay in orbit. _____ 12. Type of EM radiation with the lowest frequencies. _____ 13. First space station launched by the U.S. _____ 14. Vehicle propelled by particles flying out of one end. _____ 15. Device that bends light with lenses to make distant objects appear larger. _____ 16. Reusable spacecraft for carrying people and cargo. _____ 17. Law that explains how a rocket works. _____ 18. Type of EM radiation with the shortest wavelengths. _____ 19. Device that breaks down light into its component colors. _____ 20. Circular or elliptical path around an object.
Fill in the blanks. Direction: Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. 1. The full range of radiation that travels across space from stars is called the __________. 2. Humans could not go into space until they developed __________ to carry them past Earth’s gravity. 3. A telescope that uses lenses to focus light is called a(n) __________ telescope. 4. A telescope that uses mirrors to focus light is called a(n) __________ telescope. 5. The only light that humans can see is called __________ light. 6. A(n) __________ analyzes light from stars to determine the elements the stars contain. 7. The color of visible light is determined by its __________. 8. As wavelength decreases, wave frequency __________. 9. __________ fuel is needed to give rockets enough power to escape Earth’s gravity. 10. __________ third law of motion explains how a rocket works. 11. The first artificial satellite ever put into orbit was named __________. 12. Human-made objects in orbit are called __________ satellites. 13. Newton’s law of __________ explains why satellites stay in orbit. 14. The space race took place between the USA and the __________. 15. A space shuttle takes off like a(n) __________ and lands like an airplane. 16. The first space station ever put into orbit was named __________. 17. The __________ space station was the first major space project in which the U.S. and Russia worked together. 18. The main purpose of the International Space Station is __________. 19. Challenger was a(n) __________ that broke apart shortly after take-off. 20. A spacecraft on wheels that can roam the surface of a planet is called a(n) __________. January Monthly Examination in Science 9- Chemistry
Identification. Direction: Choose the appropriate term to complete each sentence below.
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Geocentric model Heliocentric model Ptolemy Nebular hypothesis Galileo Kepler Copernican revolution Meteoroid Ice cap Mars Mercury
- Outer planet - Iron core - Venus - Inner planet - Great dark spot - Jupiter - Saturn - Planetary ring - Uranus - Great red spot
- Hydra - Meteorite - Ceres - Meteor - Comet - Neptune -
_____ 1. Scientist who revised the geocentric model of the solar system to account for retrograde motions of some planets. _____ 2. Any of the four planets closest to the sun. _____ 3. Largest planet in the solar system. _____ 4. What a meteor is called after it lands on Earth. _____5. Shift from an Earth-centered to a sun-centered model of the solar system. _____ 6. Smallest planet in the solar system. _____ 7. Least dense of all the planets in the solar system. _____ 8. Small, icy object with a very elliptical orbit around the sun. _____ 9. Model of the solar system that places the sun at the center. _____ 10. Dust and other small particles that encircle an outer planet _____ 11. Feature shared by all of the inner planets. _____ 12. Very small, rocky body that orbits the sun. _____ 13. Scientist who discovered that the orbits of planets are elliptical rather than circular. _____ 15. Any planet farther from the sun than Mars. _____ 16. Planet with stronger winds than any other planet in the solar system. _____ 17. One of Pluto’s moons _____ 18. Model of the solar system that places Earth at the center. _____ 19. What a meteor is called before it enters Earth’s atmosphere _____ 20. Planet with the highest temperatures. _____ 21. Huge storm on the surface of Jupiter. _____ 22. Most widely accepted explanation for how the solar system formed. _____ 23. Feature found only on Earth and Mars. _____ 24. Gap in the methane clouds on Neptune _____ 25. Inner planet that has two moons. True or False. Direction: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. _____ 1. The asteroid belt lies between Earth and Mars. _____2. Venus has more volcanoes than any other planet in the solar system. _____ 3. Saturn’s rings are firmly attached to the surface of the planet. _____ 4. Most meteors burn up in the atmosphere. _____ 5. The Kuiper belt contains comets, asteroids, and dwarf planets. _____ 6. The length of a day on a planet can be determined from its orbital period. _____ 7. Saturn’s largest moon Titan is bigger than the planet Mercury. _____ 8. From Earth, Venus appears very bright because its surface is so hot that it glows. _____ 9. Clouds on Venus contain carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid. _____ 10. Ceres is a dwarf planet located in the Kuiper belt. Essay. Direction: Answer the following question briefly. (5pts. Each) 1. Scientists are very interested in studying asteroids. Explain why. 2. The inner planets are also called the terrestrial planets. The outer planets could accurately be called the nonterrestrial planets. Explain why. 3. Summarize how our understanding of the solar system changed from the ancient Greeks through Galileo and Kepler. February Monthly Examination in Science 9 – Chemistry True or false. Direction: Write true if the statement is true or false if the statement is false. _____ 1. Constellations appear from Earth to move with the seasons. _____ 2. There are billions of galaxies in the universe. _____ 3. Edwin Hubble used powerful telescopes to discover other galaxies. _____ 4. Our sun is the biggest and brightest star in the galaxy.
_____ 5. As the distance between galaxies grows, the size of each galaxy shrinks. _____ 6. A star cluster may contain one or more galaxies. _____ 7. Stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium. _____ 8. Open star clusters contain more stars than globular star clusters _____ 9. When the universe began, it was much larger than it is today. _____ 10. The coolest stars are red in color. _____ 11. Galaxies are divided into types based on size. _____ 12. In the first few moments after the Big Bang, the universe was very hot and dense. _____ 13. Once a star forms, it never changes. _____ 14. Spiral galaxies are generally older than elliptical galaxies. _____ 15. The first matter to form in the universe consisted of protons, neutrons, and electrons. _____ 16. Gravity causes a nebula to become denser at the center. _____ 17. Dwarf galaxies are often found near larger galaxies. _____ 18. Scientists think that stars and galaxies make up only a small part of the matter in the universe. _____ 19. Scientists have proven conclusively that dark matter and dark energy exist. _____ 20. Some galaxies contain over a trillion stars.
Multiple Choices. Direction: Encircle the correct answer. 1. According to the Big Bang theory A. Dark matter is changing to ordinary matter throughout the universe. B. Dark energy is pulling the universe into black holes. C. The universe will someday end because of a “big bang.” D. The universe began with an enormous explosion. 1 From our point of view in the Milky Way Galaxy, all other galaxies in the universe appear to be A. Crowding closer together C. Getting dimmer B. Moving away from us D. Growing larger 2 After the big bang occurred, the universe A. Shrank in size C. Became hotter B. Became denser D. Began cool 3 Most scientists who study dark matter think that it is A. A mix of ordinary matter and matter we haven’t yet discovered. B. Matter that makes up black holes. C. Just a tiny fraction of all the matter that exists in the universe. D. None of the above 4 Scientists recently discovered that the universe A. Has started to contract in size. B. Is expanding even faster than before. C. Is no longer expanding or contracting. D. Will soon go through another big bang 5 Scientists have introduced the concept of dark energy to explain the A. Rate of growth of the universe C. Origin of dark matter
B. Contraction of the universe D. All of the above 6. Types of star clusters include A. Open clusters C. Elliptical clusters B. Spiral clusters D. All of the above 7. Elliptical galaxies contain A. A lot of gas and dust C. Mostly red or yellow stars B. Mainly young stars D. Two of the above 8. Types of galaxies include A. Spiral galaxies C. Circular galaxies B. Cluster galaxies D. Globular galaxies 9. The stars in an open cluster are mostly A. Old stars C. Reddish stars B. Young stars D. Two of the above 10. Galaxies that do not have a clearly defined shape are called A. Deformed galaxies C. Dwarf galaxies B. Irregular galaxies D. Open galaxies 11. Scientists estimate that the Milky Way Galaxy contains about A. 40,000 stars C. 40 million stars B. 400,000 stars D. 400 billion stars 12. Some astronomers think that at the center of our galaxy there is a A. Neutron star C. Red supergiant B. Supernova D. Black hole 13. A group of stars that seem from Earth to form the outline of a familiar shape is called a A. Binary star system C. Solar system B. Constellation D. Galaxy 14. Constellations appear to move across the sky each night because A. All stars have orbits C. Earth revolves around the sun B. Earth rotates on its axis D. Constellations are affected by earth’s gravity 15. Which color of star has the highest temperature? A. Red C. Yellow B. Blue D. Orange Essay. Direction: Answer the following question briefly. (5 pts. each) 1. Describe our own galaxy, and explain why it looks different to us than all other galaxies? 2. What are dark matter and dark energy, and why do scientists think they exist? 3. Compare the life histories of a medium star like our sun and a massive star like Betelgeuse.
4th Quarterly Examination in Science 9 – Chemistry Multiple Choices. Direction: 1. Our solar system includes_____________________. A. Galaxies C. Black holes B. Asteroids D. Constellation 2. The early Earth-centered model of the universe was proposed by________________. A. Galileo C. Copernicus B. Ptolemy D. None of the above 3. The planet that is most similar to Earth in mass and diameter is______________. A. Mars C. Jupiter B. Venus D. Mercury 4. Which statement is true about the inner planets of our solar system? A. They formed before the sun formed C. They include Mars and Jupiter B. They formed from dense elements D. They have very long years 5. All planets of our solar system orbit the sun A. In the same plane C. In the same direction B. At the same speed D. Two of the above 6. All of the inner planets_______________. A. Have very rapid rotation C. Have one or more moons B. Have a thick atmosphere D. Are solid, dense, and rocky 7. Which statement about Mercury’s core is false? A. It is very small C. It exists in a molten state B. It contains mostly iron D. It makes up 42% of mercury’s volume 8. Venus has all of the following except________________. A. Moons C. Mountains B. Valleys D. Lava plains 9. Which process explains why Venus is very hot? A. Greenhouse effect C. Plate tectonics B. Volcanic activity D. None of the above 10. The inner planet with an average surface temperature of 14 °C is_____________. A. Mercury C. Earth B. Venus D. Mars 11. The outer planets of the eight planets in our solar system include_______________. A. Mars C. Pluto B. Jupiter D. Two of the above 12. Compared with the inner planets, the outer planets________________. A. Are much larger C. Have more moons B. Are much denser D. Two of the above 13. The planet that has clouds of ammonia is____________________. A. Uranus C. Jupiter B. Neptune D. Saturn 14. The biggest moon in the solar system orbits A. Neptune C. Saturn B. Uranus D. Jupiter 15. Scientists think that Saturn’s moon Titan may______________. A. Have an atmosphere like early Earth’s C. Have lakes of liquid water B. Be larger than Earth’s moon D. All of the above
16. A group of stars that seem from Earth to form the outline of a familiar shape is called a__________. A. Binary star system C. Solar system B. Constellation D. Galaxy 17. Constellations appear to move across the sky each night because_________________. A. All stars have orbits C. Earth revolves around the sun B. Earth rotates on its axis D. Constellations are affected by earth’s gravity 18. Which color of star has the highest temperature? A. Red C. Yellow B. Blue D. Orange 19. Which class of star is our sun? A. B C. G B. F D. K 20. A star forms from a nebula when the temperature is high enough for____________. A. A supernova to occur C. A black hole to collapse B. Nuclear fusion to start D. Heavy elements to form 21. Types of star clusters include________________. A. Open clusters C. Elliptical clusters B. Spiral clusters D. All of the above 22. Elliptical galaxies contain_______________. A. A lot of gas and dust C. Mostly red or yellow stars B. Mainly young stars D. Two of the above 23. Types of galaxies include_______________. A. Spiral galaxies C. Circular galaxies B. Cluster galaxies D. Globular galaxies 24. The stars in an open cluster are mostly__________________. A. Old stars C. Reddish stars B. Young stars D. Two of the above 25. Galaxies that do not have a clearly defined shape are called__________________. A. Deformed galaxies C. Dwarf galaxies B. Irregular galaxies D. Open galaxies 26. According to the Big Bang theory____________________. A. Dark matter is changing to ordinary matter throughout the universe. B. Dark energy is pulling the universe into black holes. C. The universe will someday end because of a “big bang.” D. The universe began with an enormous explosion. 27. From our point of view in the Milky Way Galaxy, all other galaxies in the universe appear to be________. A. Crowding closer together C. Getting dimmer B. Moving away from us D. Growing larger 28. After the big bang occurred, the universe__________________. A. Shrank in size C. Became hotter B. Became denser D. Began to cool 29. Most scientists who study dark matter think that it is A. A mix of ordinary matter and matter we haven’t yet discovered B. Matter that makes up black holes C. Just a tiny fraction of all the matter that exists in the universe D. None of the above 30. Scientists recently discovered that the universe A. has started to contract in size C. Is no longer expanding or contracting B. is expanding even faster than before D. Will soon go through another big bang Fill in the blanks. Direction: Fill in the blank with the appropriate term. 1. The inner planet that has two moons is __________. 2. The four planets farthest from the sun are called the __________ planets. 3. Asteroids are not round like planets because they do not have enough __________. 4. A star that is made almost entirely of neutrons is called a(n) __________ star. 5. The stars in an open cluster are young stars that all formed from the same __________. 6. The astronomer who concluded that the universe is expanding was __________. 7. The only planet in the solar system with clockwise rotation is __________. 8. Based on their composition and size, the planets in question 1 have been given the nickname of __________. 9. Asteroids in the asteroid belt have never come together and formed a planet because the gravity of __________ keeps them apart. 10. The color of a star is determined by the star’s __________. 11. Every star you can see from Earth with the unaided eye is part of the __________ Galaxy. 12. The distance between galaxies appears to be getting ___________. 13. The surface of Mercury is covered with ancient __________.
14. The energy of stars comes from reactions called __________ reactions. 15. The outer planets consist mostly of the elements hydrogen and __________. 16. Asteroids that cross Earth’s orbit are called __________ asteroids. 17. Our own galaxy is the type of galaxy called a(n) __________ galaxy. 18. Scientists think that the “big bang” occurred about __________ years ago. 19. The planet that is closest to Earth is __________. 20. __________ has more volcanoes than any other planet. 21. Four of the moons of Jupiter were first discovered by __________. 22. The planet best known for its planetary rings is __________. 23. Before meteors enter Earth’s atmosphere, they are called __________. 24. Small objects that orbit the sun in highly elliptical orbits are known as __________. 25. The next stage that a main sequence star will go through is __________. 26. After a supernova, the core that remains becomes either a neutron star of a(n) __________. 27. The major galaxy closest to our own is the __________ Galaxy. 28. A spiral galaxy has a rotating disk of stars and dust with several __________ projecting out from the center. 29. After the big bang, the universe became less dense and its temperature __________. 30. The first element to form after the big bang was __________.
True or false. Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong. _____ 1. None of the inner planets of the solar system has rings. _____ 2. Compared with the outer planets, the inner planets spin more quickly. _____ 3. All of the inner planets are made of cooled igneous rock. _____ 4. Each year on Mercury lasts just 58 Earth days. _____ 5. Most of Mercury is extremely wet. _____ 6. Saturn is the only planet with rings. _____ 7. Jupiter may have a small rocky core. _____ 8. Jupiter has fewer than 30 moons. _____ 9. Jupiter’s moon Europa has some conditions suitable for life. _____ 10. Thunderstorms have been observed on Uranus _____ 11. Most asteroids in the solar system are located between Mars and Earth. _____1 2. Asteroids formed after the rest of the solar system formed. _____ 13. Small asteroids sometimes collide with Earth. _____1 4. After a meteor hits Earth’s surface, it is called a meteorite. _____ 15. Meteoroids are usually larger than asteroids. _____ 16. Constellations appear from Earth to move with the seasons. _____ 17. Our sun is the biggest and brightest star in the galaxy. _____ 18. Stars are made mostly of hydrogen and helium. _____ 19. The coolest stars are red in color. _____ 20. Once a star forms, it never changes. _____2 1. There are billions of galaxies in the universe. _____2 2. A star cluster may contain one or more galaxies. _____2 3. Open star clusters contain more stars than globular star clusters. _____2 4. Galaxies are divided into types based on size. _____ 25. Spiral galaxies are generally older than elliptical galaxies. _____ 26. Edwin Hubble used powerful telescopes to discover other galaxies. _____ 27. As the distance between galaxies grows, the size of each galaxy shrinks. _____ 28. When the universe began, it was much larger than it is today. _____ 29. In the first few moments after the Big Bang, the universe was very hot and dense. _____ 30. The first matter to form in the universe consisted of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
