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XTNK XTNK
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․-2 ‡
YNLJ@MCH
GFNA@FLS@BLCH
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․-․․․09 ‡
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․-․--09*00 ‡
Rtlch{
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․-․․00*01 ‡
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․01*02 ‡
LkhnfnŠo`
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․---․02*0; ‡
JhĐxynths`mnr{
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jhĐxs`tlrmnr{
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․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․-08*07 ‡
@m{lgfna`flr{l ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․07
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QH@FYNFL[LO@ ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․--․․․ 05*19 1
‡
@F[HQYNFL[LO@ ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․---․10* 12
‡
S@OFCXĆ@O ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ ․․․1;
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FL[HQ@[XQ@ ․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․ ․․․18
XTNK3 Gfna`fls`blc` ch xmlthqs`fml yqnbhr oncl ghmhqlq` jhĐxynths`mnr{ L jhĐxs`tlrmnr{ lsjhĐx kqŽ`t` L kqxŠ{`t` ynthsxcxćl le x chk`m jnkhq`m rtch{rol rlr{hj- R`j` gfna`fls`blc`& mchmn ynlj`mch L o`q`o{hq ynfch rx r{q`r{thmle {hnqlcrole L lkhnfnŠole rynqnt` L rxona` qlt`frole onmbhyblc`Nm` xofcxĊxch Ċl{`t ryho{`q honmnjroh& honfnŠoh L kqxŠ{thmh jhĐxs`tlrmnr{l2
Ntl yqnbhrl njngxĊhml L nf`oŠ`ml rx mntlj rlr{hjlj` onjxmlo`blch L {q`mrynq{`& Šlqhmchj mntle {hemnfnglc`- Gfna`fml jhklcl rx ynj`g`fl Šlqhmcx onmsxjhqlsj`& onrjnynfl{rong onrjnynfl{rong m`Ċlm` Žltn{` L j`rntmh oxf{xqh- M` {`c m`Ċlm ch nf`oŠ`mn gq`Đ`mlj` L n{hŽ`mn tf`k` k` onm{qnflŠx yqn{no lmdnqj`blc`& sm`mc` L lkhc`Xsqnbl rth thĊh gfna`fls`blch rx y`k onjxmlsj`& ynq`r{ jhĐxm`qnkmle L qhglnm`fmle jhe`mls`j` tf`k`tlmh& jhĐxm`qnkmh tf`k`tlmh L mhtf`klmh nqg`mls`blch- ThĊlm` q`ryq`t` n gfna`fls`blcl a`tl rh ynfnŽ`chj m`blnm`fmh kqŽ`th& `fl L yl{`mclj` rxkalmh m`blnm`flmle oxf{xq` L lkhm{l{h{`- Rxthqhmnr{ ch k`m`r ynkchfchm` lsjhĐx m`blnm`fmle& lm{hqm`blnm`fmle L ynmho`k qhglnm`fmle tf`r{l- Lstchrmn ch {n k` rx enqlsnm{l onch mxkh m`blnm`fmh kqŽ`th nk`tmn ynr{`fl yqh{chrml s` r`tqhjhmng Ċntcho`- J`mch rh Žltl x ghngq`drol lsnfnt`mlj s`chkmlb`j`& o`q`o{hqlr{lĊmlj yn ngq`mlĊhmlj flĊmlj L kqxŠ{thmlj qhf`blc`j`& tlŠh rh {hŽl o` n{tnqhmnr{l L lm{hq`oblcl- źltn{l r`tqhjhmle fcxkl rx ynr{`fl ynjlchŠ`ml r` kng`Đ`clj` oncl rh nklgq`t`cx L nkfxo`j` onch rh rh knmnrh k`fhon nk mcle- K`m`r ch rt`ol yqnlstnk yqnlstnk ynr{`n knr{xy`m lfl gfna`flsnt`m& tlŠh mh ynr{ncl mhknr{xymnr{Naq`rbl jhĐxrnamh s`tlrmnr{l rth tlŠh rh q`stlc`cx -Klm`jlo` gfna`fls`blch x mhynrqhkmnc ch thsl r` o`q`o{hqnj L yqlqnknj kqxŠ{thmle yqnjchm`- K` al rh xrychfl m` yq`tl m`Ċlm `k`y{lq`{l ` k`y{lq`{l m` klm`jlĊ`m r`tqhjhml rtlch{ al{mn ch k` g` yqthmr{thmn xynsm`jn L q`sxjlchjn- Nkgntnq mh fhŽl x lsnf`blcl L s`{tnqhmnr{l thć x jhĐxrnamnc lm{hq`oblcl L r`q`kmcl- Xryche x {njh jnŽh al{l nkflĊ`m ynkr{lb`c k` rh lstqŠl yqlf`gnĐ`t`mch L jnkhqmls`blc`Jnkhqmls`blc` yqhkr{`tfc` mhlsachŽ`m yqnbhr& nm` ch t`Ž`m onq`o m`yqlchk s` blchfn kqxŠ{tn-
YNLJ@MCH GFNA@FLS@BLCH L`on ch r`j {hqjlm ”gfna`fls`blc`‖ r{`qlchg k`{xj`& xthkhm ch x yn{qhax 49*{le 49*{le gnklm` gnklm` UU-r{ UU-r{nfc nfchć` hć`&& r{t`qm r{t`qmll ynĊh{` ynĊh{`o o kha`{` kha`{` n gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blcll yxml yxml s`j`e knalc` {ho nk oq`c` 59*{le l ynĊh{o` <9*{le gnklm` yqnŠfng r{nfchć`;
Q`sflĊl Q`sflĊl{l {l oql{lĊ oql{lĊ`ql `ql s` q`stqr q`stqr{`t {`t`mc `mch h yqlr{ yqlr{xy` xy` gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blcll l jmngnr jmngnr{qx {qxo` o` yl{` yl{`mc mc` ` onc` onc` rh {nj {nj yqlf yqlflo lonj nj n{t` n{t`q` q`cx cx xsqn xsqnon ont` t`f` f` rx {hŠo {hŠox x knr{ knr{lŽ lŽmn mnr{ r{ s`k`{o`Rfch Rfchkh khćh ćh khdl khdlml mlbl blch ch lsq` lsq`Ž` Ž`t` t`cx cx mhoh mhoh nk tnkh tnkhćl ćle e onmb onmbhy hybl blc` c` l ynlj ynlj`m `mc` c` gfna`fls`blch3 R`j` gfna`fls`blc`& mchmn ynlj`mch l o`q`o{hq ynfch rx r{q`Šmle {hnqlcrole l lkhnfnŠole rynqnt` l rxona` qlt`frole onmbhyblc`& n Ċhjx rx ylr`fl jmngl `x{nql- Chkml x gfna`fls`blcl tlkh n{chfn{tnqhmch Žhfchsmh yntlchrmh mxŽmnr{l& s` kqxgh ch nm` r`jn chk`m thflol jl{- M` chkmnc r{q`ml rx nml oncl {tqkh k` ch gfna`fls`blc` nacho{lt`m l rynm{`m yf`mh{`qml yqnbhr& s` kqxgh nm` ch lrofcxĊltn lrofcxĊltn yqncho{ yqncho{ knjlm`blch knjlm`blch S`y`k`& S`y`k`& yqhblsmlch yqhblsmlch qhĊhmn qhĊhmn `jhqlo`mls `jhqlo`mls`blch `blch rtlch{`- S` mhoh ch gfna`fls`blc` mnt` l xmlo`{m` ync`t` x fcxkronc yntlchr{l& kno kno ch s` kqxg kqxgh h nm` nm` r` r`jn jn yqnb yqnbhr hr oncl oncl ch kntq kntqŠh Šhm m x 19*{ 19*{nj nj r{nf r{nfch chćx ćx Šlqhmchj rtch{rong o`yl{`flr{lĊong ynqh{o` yn Ċl{`tnc yf`mh{l- Yqhj` chkmnc flmlcl flmlcl `qgxjhm{` `qgxjhm{`blch blch gfna`fls`bl gfna`fls`blc` c` nsm`Ċ`t` nsm`Ċ`t` oq`c m`blnm`fml m`blnm`fmle e kqŽ`t`& kqŽ`t`& kno kqxgl {tqkh k` ćh& x rth lm{hgqlq`mlchj rtlch{x& xfng` m`blnm`fmle kqŽ`t` al{l cnŠ t`Žmlc`Ohffm hffmhq hq rj rj`{ `{qq` k` rh r{t`q t`q knk`{ nk`{mn mn onjy onjyfl flbl blqq` ynkch nkchfn fnj j lsjh lsjhĐ Đx jnkh jnkhqm qmlr lr{` {` l ynr{ ynr{jn jnkh khqm qmlr lr{` {`-- Kno Kno ch s` yqth yqth gfna gfna`f `fls ls`b `blc lc` ` yqnb yqnbhr hr r{`mk`qkls`blch l enjnghmls`blch& s` kqxgh gfna`fls`blc` yqhkr{`tfc` lstnq elaqlkls`blch l r{t`q`mc` thćh rfnŽhmnr{l kqxŠ{thmle nkmnr`Aql{`mrol rnblnfng Glkkhmr ch yn{nj& o`n ktlch qlt`froh Šonfh x qh`fls`blcl gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blch& h& m`thn m`thn {hnqlc {hnqlcx x lm{hqm lm{hqm`bl `blnm` nm`fml fmle e nkmnr` nkmnr` l W`f W`ffhq fhqmr{ mr{hlm hlmntx ntx {hnqlcx rtch{rong rlr{hj`- X r`tqhjhmlj `m`fls`j` gfna`fls`blch jngxćh ch xnĊl{l l tlkmh {q`gnth m`rflchĐ` oncl k`cx s` yq`tn nmlj` oncl q`sfloxcx mhn hnj j`q `qor orlr lr{l {lĊo Ċoh& h&
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8
Xqflbe Ahbo q`sfloxch kt` nrmntm` yqlr{xy`& x `m`flsl gfna`fls`blch- R chkmh r{q`mh `mh rx `x{n `x{nqql oncl oncl lmsl lmslr{ r{lq lq`c `cx x m` ynr nr{n {nc` c`mc mcx x knjlm njlm`m `m{{mh fng fngloh loh gfna`fls`blch& ynyx{ W`ffhqmr{hlm`& Qnrhm`x`& Glfylm`& Ehfk`& Qnahq{rnm` lfl @y`kxq`l`& kno r kqxgh r{q`mh nml `x{nql oncl rxghqlq`cx l onqlr{h Ċl{`t roxy xsqnĊmle Ċlml{hfc` n nac`Šmchmcx gfna`fls`blchX {nj rjlrfx l r`j Ahbo rh yqnrf`tln lr{lĊxćl x yqtl yf`m lkhcx qlslo` x onm{hor{x honfnŠoh kljhmslch gfna`fls`blch- Qnahq{rnm ch& s`{lj& chk`m nk yqtle `x{nq` oncl ch m`gf`Š`t`n oxf{xqmh `ryho{h gfna`fls`blchGlkk lkkhmr hmr ch x ynĊ nĊh{ h{ox ox lmsl lmslr{ r{lq lq`n `n m` tlŠ tlŠh kljh kljhm mslc` slc` mhn mhnyen yenkmle kmle s` q`sxjlcht`mch gfna`fls`blch& k` al r tqhjhmnj rtncx y`Žmcx ly`o dnoxrlq`n m` chkmx kljhmslcx& onmoqh{mn {hemnfnŠoxYnr{ncl l ynkchf` onc` ch m`r{`f` o`n yfnk lr{lb`mc` q`sflĊl{le ofcxĊmle `o{hq` gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blch& h& m` {st{st- ‖gfna` ‖gfna`fls fls`bl `blcro crox x nknskn nknskn‖‖ %q`sm %q`smll `m{lgf `m{lgfna na`fls `fls`blc `blcrol rol ynoqh{l& nrnal{n fchtlĊ`qroh yqnthmlchmblch, l ”gfna`fls`blcx nknsgn‖ %gkch rh o`n ynoqh{`Ċl gfna`fls`blch m`tnkh {q`mrm`blnm`fmh nqg`mls`blch lfl rm`Žmh m`blnm`fmh kqŽ`th ynyx{ R@K& lfl r`thsl jnćmle kqŽ`t` oncl rh onmr{l{xlq`cx x hjaqlc {st-rtch{roh tf`kh,JhĐx JhĐx `x{n `x{nql qlj` j` oncl oncl rx k`fl k`fl sm`Ċ sm`Ċ`c `c`m `m knyq knyqlm lmnr nr Šlqh Šlqhj j l onjy onjyfh fhor orml mlch chj j ret`{ ret`{`mc `mcx x gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blch h mhrxjm mhrxjmclt cltn n ch l K`tlk K`tlk Ehf Ehfk& k& yqndhr yqndhrnq nq ynfl{l ynfl{lĊol Ċole e sm`mnr{l m` yqhr{lŽmnc Fnmknm Rbennf nd Hbnmnjlbr- Q`mlch ch rynjhmx{` mchgnt` khdlmlblc`& ` m` ntnj jchr{x {qha` knk`{l k` gfna`fls`blcx& yn Ehfkx& o`q`o{hqlslq`cx Ċh{lql tqr{h yqnjchm`- Yqtn& gfna`fls`blc` naxet`ć` yqn{h yqn{hs`m s`mch ch rnb rnblc` lc`fml fmle& e& honmnj honmnjrol role e l ynfl{l ynfl{lĊol Ċole e `o{ltm `o{ltmnr{ nr{ll yqhon yqhon gq`ml gq`mlb` b` kqŽ`t`& qhglc` l onm{lmhm`{`- Kqxgn& nm` ch nalfchŽhm` c`Ċ`mchj {c- q`r{xćnj t`ŽmnŠćx jhĐxrnamh ynths`mnr{l l yqn{no` {qgntlmh& qna` l o`yl{`f`& `fl l oxf{ xf{xqh xqh l r`jle `jle fcx fcxklkl- [q [qhć hćh& h& gfn gfna`fls `fls`b `blc lc` ` jnŽh jnŽh al{l al{l ynths` ths`m m` r` xaqs`t`mchj gfna`fmle yqnbhr` l xs`c`jmng kchfnt`mc`- Ćh{tq{n& q`r{xćh yqn{hs`mch& c`Ċ`mch l xaqs`mch gfna`fmle lmh{q`oblc` jnŽh al{l ynths`n r` mclentlj rth sm`Ċ`cmlclj x{chb`chj m` dfxlkmnr{ gq`mlb` lsjhĐx fno`fmle l gfna`fmle kng`Đ`c`-
4
Ehghfnt` of`rldlo`blc` m` elyhqgfna`flr{h& rohy{loh l {q`mrdnqj`blnmlr{h ch rt`o`o rt`o`on n m`cyns m`cynsm`{ m`{lc` lc`&& l`on l`on r`jn r`jn chkm` chkm` nk nalfc` nalfc` q`sfl q`sflĊl{ Ċl{le le onmbh onmbhybl yblc`& c`& {hnqlcrole r{qxc` l Šonf` jlŠfchmc`N gfna`f gfna`fls` ls`blc blcll rh& yn elyhqg elyhqgfna fna`flr `flr{lj {lj`& `& m`cĊhŠ m`cĊhŠćh ćh jnŽh jnŽh gntnql gntnql{l {l o`n n yn{y yn{yxm xmn n mntn mntncc hql hql oncx oncx o`q` o`q`o{ o{hq hqls lslq lq` ` gfna gfna`f `fml ml o`yl o`yl{` {`fl fls` s`j& j& gfna gfna`f `fmn mn xyq`tfc`mch l gfna`fmn gq`Đ`mron kqxŠ{tn- Nmn Š{n
q`sf q`sflo loxc xch h r` r`k` k`Šm Šmch ch kna` kna` nk yqn{ yqn{ho hofl fle e tqhj tqhjhm hm` ` ch hgsl hgslr{ r{hm hmbl blc` c` chkmh chkmh gfna`f gfna`fmh mh honmnj honmnjlch lch onc` onc` {q`mr {q`mrbhm bhmklq klq` ` l xchklm xchklmcxc cxch h m`cthć m`cthćh h honmnj honmnjroh roh qhglch x rtlch{xK`m`r rtch{rol& dlm`mblcrol l onqynq`{ltml o`yl{`f& tlŠh mhgn kqŽ`th& nr{`qxch nkfxĊxcxćl x{chb`c m` nqg`mls`blcx& jchr{n l klr{qlaxblcx honmnjroh jnćl l kna`q`Elyhqgfna`flr{l& yn Ehfkntnc lm{hqyqh{`blcl& yqlsm`cx k` gfna`fls`blc` kntnkl kn rth thćh ynf`qls`blch x kqxŠ{tx lsjhĐx gxal{mlo` l knal{mlo` mntng honmnjrong ynqh{o`- Yqhj` `jalblnsmnj mhnflahq`fmnj yngfhkx& ntn mh sm`Ċl k` chkml jnq`cx lsgxal{l jmngn lfl rth k` al kqxgl knalfl lr{n {nflonMhnflahq`fm` lkhc` n khjnm{lq`mcx rnblc`fmh kqŽ`th l kq`r{lĊmnj rxŽ`t`mcx honmnjroh ynjnćl mhlsachŽmn tnkl o` j`flgmlj rnblc`fmlj ynrfchklb`j`X honmnjlcl ahs kqŽ`tmle gq`mlb`& m`blnm`fmh tf`kh rx rthkhmh chkt` m` mhŠ{n mhŠ{n tlŠh tlŠh kn {q`mrj {q`mrjlrl lrlcx cx gfna`f gfna`fmng mng o`yl{` o`yl{`f`& f`& lfl rx m`yqnr m`yqnr{n {n ynrqhk ynrqhkmh mh lmr{l{xblch lsjhĐx rth jnĊmlcle fno`fmle& qhglnm`fmle l gfna`fmle nqg`mls`j` xyq`tfc`mc`Elyhqgfna`flr{l& gfna`fls`blcx rj`{q`cx oq`chj m`blnm`fmh kqŽ`th& nm` ch gn{ntn yn{yxmn lryq`smlf` mchmx `x{nmnjlcx l rxthqhml{h{Ynr{nchćh jxf{lf`{hq`fmh lmr{l{xblch onch knjlmlq`cx rtch{ronj honmnjlcnj& ynrham ynrhamn n G5& JJD& JJD& Rtch{r Rtch{ro` o` a`mo` a`mo` l Rtch{r Rtch{ro` o` {qgntl {qgntlmro mro` ` nqg`ml nqg`mls`b s`blc` lc`&& m`cĊhŠćh dxmoblnmlq`cx {`on k` yn{eq`mcxcx m`r{`c`ćx ”bltlfls`blcx gfna`fmng {qŽlŠ{`‖-
7
Lstchrmn ch k` Š{n tlŠh lmr{l{xblc` qhglnm`fmng l gfna`fmng xyq`tfc`mc` axkx lgq`fh thćx l sm`Ċ`cmx xfngx& rxthqhml{h{ l `x{nmnjlc` r`jle kqŽ`t` al{ ćh j`mcl l ahsm`Ċ`cmlclYqhj` jmnglj {hnqh{lĊ`qlj` l Dxox|`jlm` rflo` rtlch{`& nkmnrmn mchgnt` ny{ljlr{lĊo`
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