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GIS Transmis Transmission sion Basics
GIS Basics Basic metal enclosed concepts Hybrid SS (SS Laufenburg, CH)
Combin Combined ed single single-- and three-phase enclosed GIS (ELK-14 / 252)
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System concepts: •
DTB
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Hybrid (MTS)
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GIS
GIS concepts: •
Single-phase enclosed
•
Three-phase enclosed
•
Combine Combined d sing singlele- and three-phase enclosed
GIS Basics Basic metal enclosed concepts Hybrid SS (SS Laufenburg, CH)
Combin Combined ed single single-- and three-phase enclosed GIS (ELK-14 / 252)
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System concepts: •
DTB
•
Hybrid (MTS)
•
GIS
GIS concepts: •
Single-phase enclosed
•
Three-phase enclosed
•
Combine Combined d sing singlele- and three-phase enclosed
GIS Basics GIS Development
Reduced dimensions
Increased Reliability
Improved economics
Extension of usage for
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Outdoor
Container
Hybrid
Mobile
Integration of modern digital bay control Integration of latest sensor technology for voltage and current measurement Integration of monitoring functions
Metal Enclosed Product-Lines GIS Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Voltage Transformer Disconnector Earthing Switch Busbar / Busducts Exits
HYBRID
n o i t a e r C e u l a V
Circuit Breaker Current Transformer Voltage Transformer Disconnector Earthing Switch
DTB
Circuit Breaker Current Transformer
Functional Integration
Circuit Breakers AIS, DTB and GIS circuit breakers
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•
High center of gravity
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Low center of gravity
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Low center of gravity
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Interrupter on high potential
•
Interrupter at earthed potential
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Interrupter at earthed potential
Connection via bushings to high potential
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•
Connection via GIS components to other equipments
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Overview Low space requirement Low environmental impact Low Life Cycle Costs High energy efficiency High safety level High quality standard
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Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Urban Centers GIS Installation Very compact substation
Installation in small buildings Small installation footprint for expensive city areas Installation near urban centers Supply of power on high voltage level to city centers with high energy need Aesthetic reasons Vandalism
Your benefit s Higher acceptance Lower line losses Security
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Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Off-shore GIS Installation Applications Wind parks, like Nord E.on 1 Oil platforms Features Long maintenance intervals Reliable, gas-insulated equipment Most compact switchgear
Your benefit s
No outages at off-shore substations Cost savings by reduced space © ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 8
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Container GIS Installation Delivery of factory assembled GIS in a container housing Applications Bypass existing substations that need refurbishment Strengthen grids on short notion
Your benefit s
All interfaces and integrated control cubicles available Fast installation Civil engineering planning minimized Short delivery time Small footprint © ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 9
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Mobile GIS Installation Delivery of factory assembled GIS on a Truck Applications Bypass existing substations that need refurbishment Strengthen grids on short notion
Your benefit s All interfaces and integrated control cubicles available Small footprint Can include all functions and power transformer Short delivery time, Fast installation © ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 10
Benefits of Gas Insulated Switchgear Underground GIS Substation
Why:
To make it not visible (esthetic or security)
To save space or
To give unused space a efficient use
Where
Under a building
In a Park house
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At a road underpass or road crossing
Under a park or in a green area
In a mountain
Speciality:
Underground, Earth work, Civil work
Costs
Cooling and HVAC (Transformer, Building)
Impact of electrical and magnetic fields
GIS References Dow Plaquemine, USA
Business case
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Strict regulations for safety and environmental protection
ABB solution
Electrical infrastructure for operation of chemical plant
230 kV GIS substation with 15 bays in 1½-breaker arrangement 60 Hz, 4000 A, 63 kA
Customer benefits
Reliable electricity supply
Suitable for outdoor application
Resistant to environmental influences
Withstands hurricanes
GIS References Manzanillo, Mexico Year of commissioning: 2006
Business case Highly reliable power supply for the entire state of Colima and significantly for Mexico Thermoelectric power plant at the seashore Periodic earthquake activity Replacement of timeworn AIS ABB solution 420 kV GIS substation with 10 bays in 1½-breaker arrangement Seismic withstand capability tested Customer benefits Similar GIS withstood a quake measuring 7.6 on Richter scale Trustworthy electrical supply, as blackouts became a thing of the past Safe and maintenance-free GIS Free space after dismantling AIS
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GIS References Three Gorges HPP, China 三峡右岸水电站
Business case
High availability and reliability for total power transfer of 18.2 GW Space saving design Efficient damping of switching overvoltage
ABB respon se
Delivery of total 39 + 34 bays (left and right bank) in 1½- circuit breaker arrangement
Substation integration into the dam in 3 elevation levels
Largest 550 kV GIS substation (each bank contains 400 m long GIS)
Customer benefits
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Improved grid reliability
Reduced risk of energy shortage in eastern and central part of China
ABB’s Action for SF6 Reduction SF6 is a greenhouse gas, and losses shall be minimized
Minimize the operation losses by: • • • •
• • •
Design improvements Layout optimization Quality process Revised service strategy • predictive maintenance of flanges for outdoor • Reduced openings Use of state of the art SF6 service equipment Periodic training of people Product development with type-testing
Minimize the handling losses:
manufacturing
installation
Service
Smart gas-segregation concept
-> avoid huge gascompartments -> insist on bay-wise gas-segregation
GIS consists of a closed pressure system
New generation of GIS have proven to be < 0.1% gasleakage per year © ABB Group February 22, 2013 | Slide 15
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Circuit Breaker
Function:
Interrupt continuous current
Interrupt short circuit current
Close on short circuit current
Interrupting principles
Self-blast (auto-puffer) breaker
Puffer breaker
Design parameters
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Closing resistors for damping over voltages during closing long overhead lines grading capacitors for equal voltage distribution of breakers with more than 1 interrupting unit Line to ground capacitors for line breakers with high short circuit interruption current
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Circuit Breaker Auto Puffer Two gas volumes Less switching energy required Available for up to 170 kV 63 kA
Puffer One gas volume for arc extinction Robust and reliable Available for GIS up to 1100 kV 80 kA
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GIS Basics Circuit breaker drive technologies
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GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Disconnector Functions
Isolating function for personnel safety during maintenance
Switching of small portion of busbars (capacitive loads) less than 0.5 A
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Due to the small speed of the disconnector, reignicions will be produced, causing very fast transients electrical parts and secondary equipment has to be protected against VFT
Busbar disconnector used in a DBB scheme must also be capable to switch transfer currents under a transfer voltage
disconnector
Power kinematic chain type test with 1.5 times the max. torque of the motor
Switching on and of without load
Disconnecting window available (not required per IEC)
In GIS it is 1600A at 40 V, but can also be higher (up to 80% of the rated current; voltage depending of layout) The trend is going towards higher values
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Disconnector: Bus Transfer Current Exemple: Transfer load from disconnector 1 to disconnector 2
Definitions
Step 1: • Close bus-coupler • Both busbar are synchrounious Step 2: • Close disconnector 2 • Current is flowing in both disconnectors (no preignition at low voltage) Step 3: • open disconnector 1 • 1600 A at 20 to 40 Volt producing born-off of contact with low-speed disconnector
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Loop current is defined as:
80% of the rated current, but not exceeding 1600 A (is typically to be switched)
Tho loop voltage in GIS is appr. a factor of 10 lower compared to AIS/Hybrid (see below)
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Maintenance Earthing Switches Functions and applications
Reliable earthing of the High voltage, active part in case of maintenance and/or repair
Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for
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Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current
Contact resistance measurement Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker
Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement (depending on design)
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Fast Acting Earthing Switches Functions and applications
Reliable earthing of the High voltage, active part in case of maintenance and/or repair
Switching of small capacitive and inductive coupling currents
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Short circuit current carrying capability of rated continuous (3 sec. or 1 sec) and peak withstand current
Slow operating opening is sufficient for such requirements Contacts have to be erosion resistive
Earthing switches which requires to close on short circuits or to earth bigger capacitive loads are called «fast acting earthing switches», and are applied at
Line entrances
Long portions of busbars to eath big capacitances
Optionally equiped with isolating function to have access to the active part for
Contact resistance measurement
Measurement of operating time of circuit breaker
Earth electroede often to be used for PD measurement (depending on design)
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Instrument Transformers Functions and applications
Applied for measuring and protection purpose State of the art technology is the inductive type of measuring principle for both, I and U. Especially for I measurement, very high secondary burdens are still specified in many customer specs.
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Are related to old protection relays With today’s modern protection relays, the protection is «overburdened» and is not working in an optimum range any more
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Arresters
Protection against
At the line entrance
At the transformer entrance
Location in GIS technology
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Switching over-voltages
Location in AIS technology
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athmospheric overvoltage
At transformers with transformer direct connections At cable connections, if requested
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Busbars
ELK-14 / 300 Disconnector/Earthin g switch in the busbar compartment
They are connect the bays with each other In GIS normally we are using mainly
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double-busbar schemes (high reliablity) or SBB schemes (lower reliability for small substations or 1 1/2 CB schemes for very high reliablity Active busbar: 1- or 3-pole insulated busbar including switching components in the active current path
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – GIL
Busduct has identical design to busbar used in GIS (at ABB)
Have much higher current currying capability compared to cable
Horizontal and vertical arrangement possible
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All aluminum design – lightweight, reduced civil No welding at site - no risk of flawed welding, no fire risk, no particle pollution requirements
Largest vertical gas compartment is 30 meters - no excessive static gas pressure
Complete preassembled and tested units – minimal site activity
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Exit Connections Bushings
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Bushings with hollow insulators
Porcellan
Composite
RIP Bushings
GIS Basics Basic Equipment – Cable End Termination Main f eatures:
from cable supplier
GIS and HV-cable can be tested independently Additional flange available to apply a test bushing
Benefits
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Interface and limit of supply between GIS and cable manufacturer according IEC 62271-209 for fluid-filled or try type cableend terminations
Cable-end box can be adjusted to any size of the cable-end terminations Easy accessibility to remove the link
GIS Basics Transformer Connection Main features:
from transformer supplier
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Interface and limit of supply between transformer/reactor and GIS according IEC 61639 The GIS and the transformer can be tested independently by removing the link Transfer of vibration from transformer tank into the GIS are prevented by:
Flexible copper straps
Spring assemblies
Benefits
Efficient decoupling of transformer vibrations
Space-saving transformer connection
GIS Basics Partition & Support Insulators Partition insulator
Function
Carry return current
Partitioning of gas compartment
Barrier of internal arc
Support insulator
Dielectric Isolation
Mechanical
Requirements
Resistant against thermal cycles
Withstand dielectric stress
Withstand mechanical stress
Low losses
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Positioning and supporting of current conductor
Resistant against decomposition products
GIS Basics Support Insulators for Switchgear Support insulator
Function
Mechanical support
High dielectric strength
Requirements
Withstand dielectric stress
Withstand mechanical load
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Static
dynamic
Low losses Resistant against decomposition products
GIS Basics Special Service conditions
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Altitude -> eff ects external insulation (correction factor ka)
Pollution
Temperature and humidity
a) −50 °C and +40 °C for very cold climates;
b) −5 °C and +55 °C for very hot climates.
Vibrations, shock or tilt ing
Wind speed
GIS Basics GIS Testing – Type Testing The type tests are for the purpose of
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•
proving the ratings and characteristics of switchgear and control gear,
•
their operating devices and
•
their auxiliary equipment.
GIS Advantages and Benefits Product Certificate
Proving the conformity with
all required Type Tests
the design and construction guidelines
the routine testing
all internal manufacturing processes according the certified management system ISO 9000
Signed by an independent organization with technical experts
Benefits
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No additional approvals from external consulting companies High class type test reports with external witness
GIS Basics GIS Testing – Routine Testing The routine tests are for the purpose of
revealing faults in material or construction.
They do not impair the properties and reliability of a test object.
The routine tests shall be made wherever reasonably practicable at the manufacturer's works on each apparatus manufactured, to ensure that the product is in accordance with the equipment on which the type tests have been passed.
By agreement, any routine test may be made on site.
The routine tests given in this standard comprise
a) dielectric test on the main circuit in accordance with 7.1;
b) tests on auxiliary and control circuits in accordance with 7.2;
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c) measurement of the resistance of the main circuit in accordance with 7.3;
d) tightness test in accordance with 7.4;
e) design and visual checks in accordance with 7.5.
GIS Basics GIS Testing - Onsite Tests Metal enclosed test set-up
Purpose of HV tests onsite:
It is the last quality check, before the GIS will be put in service Find all dielectric relevant damages and particles released during transportation, assembly errors and material defects. It is not replacing the type-test, routine-test or any other type registration test
Open test set-up
Type of errors located
Particles,
Edges
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Parts, not connected to potential (floating)
Defects (voids, cracks, ….)
Wrong material
ABB GIS >30y service life Failure rates
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