PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA
A Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Colleges of Business, Development Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
MARCH 2012
i
Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT Name:
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA
Major: Thesis Title:
Degree Sought:
BS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
Specialization: “ PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO”
APPROVED BY THESIS GUIDANCE COMMITTEE
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Adviser
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Statistician
Date
Date
DR. NORMA U. GOMEZ Department Chairman
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Department Research Coordinator
Date
Date
MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL CBDEM Research Coordinator
DR. GLORIA L. GABRONINO CBDEM Dean
Date
Date
Study No.: _______________ Recorded by: ______________ RECEIVED: DR. ARISTON D. CALVO Director for Research and Development Index #
:
Recorded by
:
Date
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ACCEPTANCE
The thesis manuscript attached hereto entitled, “PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON”, prepared and submitted by GINA MAE M. MACAGBA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics, is hereby accepted.
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Adviser
Date
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics.
MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL Research Coordinator, CBDEM
Date
iii
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
On the 5th day of March 1988, the couple Mr. & Mrs. Salvador S. Macagba blessed their 6th child by the name Gina Mae M. Macagba who is the author of this study. Presently, she was residing at Kolambog, Pikit North Cotabato. She finished primary education at Silik Central Elementary School. Then, she pursue and graduated her secondary education at Dilangalen, National High School at Midsayap Cotabato. Due to her desire to obtain and have a college diploma, she continued and enrolled at the University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan Cotabato, where she took up Bachelor of Agricultural Economics at the College of Business Development Economics and Management (CBDEM). Presently, she is a member of the Philippines Agricultural Economics Development Association-USM chapter and was hoping to be finished her tertiary education this coming April 10, 2012.
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researcher would like to give her sincere thanks to the Almighty GOD, who is the greatest provider of wisdom. To all be the glory to His mighty name, for nothing will be possible without his permission. Secondly, a heart-warming thanks to the researchers‟ beloved adviser, Ms Kathleen Ivy Z. Bolotaolo, for the advices, constructive red inks and jokes that always breaks the uncomfortable walls of professionalism. Without her aid, it will be like sailing without direction in a wide foreign sea. To the 4-BSAgEcon/A batch 2011, which were there through the ups and downs, passed or failures, and every beautiful days shared with the researcher. To her Family: Mamang, Papang, Sunny, Michelle, Inday, Ondo, Ninit, Jimboy and Jerry. Fulfillment of this research was due to your hard work and loving support. Also, for the inspiration given by Adrin, such concerns given to the researcher was greatly appreciated. To the researcher‟s board mates: Cecil, Lot2x, and Madz, your laughers will definitely ease anybody‟s tiredness. To all of them, this humble piece of works is dedicated.
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION
1
Significance of the Study
1
Objectives of the Study
2
Outputs of the Study
3
Scope and Limitations of the Study
3
Place and Time of the Study
4
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE METHODOLOGY
5 10
Research Design
10
Respondents of the Study
10
Sampling Procedure
10
Research Instrument
11
Data Gathering Procedure
11
Statistical Analysis
11
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
13
Socio-Demographic Profile of Coco Toddy Collectors
13
Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors
15
Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy
16
vi
Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy
17 20
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
21
LITERATURE CITED
24
APPENDICES
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table No.
Title
Page
1
Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
14
2
Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
15
3
Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
17
4
Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
19
5
Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
20
viii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix
Title
A.
Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense
B.
Certification of English Critic
ix
ABSTRACT
MACAGBA, GINA MAE M. 2012. PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO. Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics Thesis. College of business, Development, Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. 33 p.
Adviser: KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO
The study was conducted to determine the profitability of producing coco toddy on selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Specifically, the study aim to determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors; determine the volume extracted and volume sold; determine the investment in coco toddy production; determine the profitability of coco toddy production; and determine the problems encountered by the coco toddy collectors. It was found that the average age of the respondents was 50 years old. All of the collectors are male and most are married. They were all Roman Catholic believers. Furthermore, some of the respondents reached elementary level and has an average years in collecting coco toddy of 10 years. The material investment involved in coco toddy collection were “sanggot”, gallons, “tungog”,
and “bairan”. The overall average amount of
investments per unit and per tree is P 301.22 and P 60.51, respectively. The respondents has an average of four liters extracted of coco toddy sap per day. Among the four liters, 3.9 were sold and the remaining was
x
consummated. Coco toddy collection was found to be profitable with a net income of P 1,252.38 per tree on monthly basis. Government supports and programs were recommended to help the them to be more productive and improve their efficiency in their endeavor.
xi
1
INTRODUCTION
Significance of the Study
Coconut Toddy (Tuba) is drawn from the flower of coconut tree. It acts as a laxative and has a stimulant effect. It reduces the stress and increase enthusiasm. It can be used as general tonic for pregnant women before fermentation, (Rajalakshmi, 2011). Some coconut farmers in the Philippines not only used coconut for making Copra (dried coconut) but also for making Coconut Wine. This is also called Tuba. The process is easy. The one thing that is difficult is climbing of coconut tree. In Visayas Islands, Coconut Wine is called Tuba, Bahal or Bahalina. In Luzon, it is mostly called Lambanog. The main difference is the mixture and color. Tuba or Lambanog in Luzon is the pure sap (no barok mix) almost calories or milky white in color sometimes referred as Coconut Vodka. In Visayas, particularly in Leyte, Tuba is the product of mixing Barok (a redish color of mangrove tree) with the coconut sap, which in turn make Tuba red color and sometimes called the Coconut red Wine, (Ipeony, 2007). Coconut toddy or Bahal/tuba is endemic in the Philippines, especially in the provincial rural areas where coconut is abound. It was used as main food source in World War II and was one of the earliest food supplement used by elders in the Philippines. Considered as a local alcoholic drink from natural source, tuba has also been widely used for its nutritional and medical benefits.
2
Vitamins and minerals like potassium, Beta-carotene, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sodium. It also contains anti-oxidant which is good for moving toxins from the body. It is also used as antibiotic for wounds, inflammation and infections, (Dimabuyu, 2011). The study was conceptualized to provide information on how profitable or promising coco toddy endeavour is. It is useful to the future researchers and others who would like to venture into the some activity.
Objectives of the Study
The study mainly aimed to determine the profitability of producing coco toddy on selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Specifically, it aimed to: 1. determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors, 2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors; 3. determine the volume extracted and volume sold; 4. determine the profitability of coco toddy; and 5. determine the problems encountered and the coping mechanisms adopted by coco toddy collectors.
3
Outputs of the Study
1. socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors, 2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors; 3. volume extracted and volume sold; 4. profitability of coco toddy; and 5. problems encountered and the coping mechanisms adopted by coco toddy collectors.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study focused only on the profitability of producing coco toddy. Only the coco toddy collectors from Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan in Pikit, Noth Cotabato were taken as respondents.
Place and Time of Study
The study was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012 on Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.
4
Operational Definition of Terms
Coco Toddy
– juice extracted from the bud of coconut inflorescence.
Gross Income
– the revenue of the coco toddy collectors from each liter of coco toddy collected multiplied by price/L of coco toddy.
Gross Profit Margin
– is the actual sales of coco toddy.
Investment
– inputs or raw materials used in the production of coco toddy collectors.
Net Profit Margin
– is the sales less the cost of sales on coco toddy production.
Profitability
– income of the coconut collectors.
Toddy collectors
– a person who prepared the collection of coconut sap and climb the coconut tree to collect the sap.
5
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Toddy is the sap of coconut palm extracted from the flower buds by toddy topper. Toddy taping or “raaverikan” goes a long way into the Maldivian history and it used to be remarkable occupation passed from father to son. Toddy tappers cut the end of the inflorescence when it is ready to ripen and hang a collecting pot specially made from coconut shells called “Gudi” and is left to fill overnight. The toddy is then collected the following day and transferred into container called “raabadhi”. Sweetness differs according to the time of the collection with the evening toddy being the sweetest. The collected toddy is then sold by the glass in the fresh form, a tasty sweet drink despite its pungent odor. Maldivians use toddy in different ways, it is heated to make „dhiyaaHakuru‟ a golden honey-like-liquid similar to Maple Syrup which Maldivians enjoy eating with rice, coconut crepes and also acts as a main ingredients in sweet cakes, desserts and snack. This syrup is further cooked under low-heat with a pinch of sugar and a particular from of coral for an extended period which then turns into a creamy-white paste called „KaruHakuru”. This is used as a breadfruit chips dip or spread on thin coconut bread. In the olden days, these syrups were a staple in the household and were also relished by sailor and fishermen as their diet onboard for distant journeys as these toddy product lasted several months without refrigeration or preservatives. Toddy is also fermented and tyrned to toddy vinegar which has
6
strong acidic flavour with a hint of coconut taste. This vinegar is used in flavouring other food product and as a preservative to make local pickles or „assara‟. Toddy and toddy products are very rare but is still available infrequently throughout the Maldivian Islands. With modernization, the art of toddy tapping is almost lost. The government has recently stepped in and has introduced „toddy tapping‟ courses in the atolls in order to revive this fading Maldivian tradition (Mohamed, 2010). Manohar (2004) said that, in Misamis Oriental and North Cotabato, coconut trees were found to yield an average of 3 liters of sap per day. Using the technology, an average of four kilos of sugar can be recovered from 24 liters of the coconut toddy/sap depending on the sugar content of the freshly dripped and collected sap. An added advantage of the technology is its simplicity and uncomplicatedness considering that this involves only concentrating fresh sap into sugar granules-a change in physical form from liquid to solid state. It does not require skilled labor or sophisticated equipment and is best adapted to a farm level or medium scale enterprise. However, the process is very dependent on critical factors such as pH, temperature and the extent of microbial activity of the natural yeasts in the sap. Each step in the process requires specific condition such as neutral pH of the sap, clean materials during sap collection and cooking, and controlled temperature during the peak
7
form. This ensures quality and proper ormation of the product (Kindipan and Sancha, 2007). A number of coconut producing countries which includes Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines and etc. harvest the inflorescence sap and convert it to either coconut syrup or brown sugar. Basically, the procedure followed is similar, but the furnace and the stirrer used during the process of heating and crystallization of sugar differ (Ticzon et al., 1996). According to Garin (2008), “tuba” or coconut toddy will soon have a high quality wine production that meets international standards as the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) and private contract producer signed a P5.5 million product development tie-up. The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the Production
of High
Quality Coconut Wine from Sap/Nectar of Coconut Inflorescence was signed recently by Administrator of PCA. However, some countries in Southeast Asia, fresh palm sap as an animal feed is being promoted as an alternative to processing the sap into sugar, as had been done previously. Since the processing into sugar requires fuel, which is often prohibitively costly for many small farmers, toddy tapping had been on the decline. Recent FAO experiments in Cambodia have confirmed the historical evidence of the value of fresh palm sap as a basis feed in intensive pig-rearing. Several trials showed that, from the economic
8
point of view, the profit from using palm juice for pig feeding was much higher than for sugar production (FAO, 1997). Toddy is produced by binding and cutting a newly formed coconut bud. Paper- thin shavings are sliced off twice a day so that the dripping sap continues to flow. The sap (about half a liter per day) is then collected in either a specially prepared coconut shell or bottle, which must be kept very clean. The fluid may be duck fresh, cold or heated. If concentrate by boiling it down, it becomes a syrup called toddy. It can also be fermented to make an alcohol drink or vinegar. Fresh toddy is an excellent drink for both infants and older children. For infants, it can be used to complement breast milk after six month of age (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2006). Profitability rests in obtaining high enough price for a product so that the producer may draw a salary, cover all his input costs, repay barrowing and invest in infrastructure and research to ensure future sustainability. In retailers perspective, the basic costs that a family-run small shop pay include costs of goods in sales, shop space (if rented), and lighting (Piano, 20030. In addition, profitability is also justified as inducement for efficiency in the conduct of business. The successful conduct of business is generally acknowledging as one of the principal source of profits. On the other hand, there is considerable value addition taking place in the market chains as indicated by the increasing prices of the coconut products as they move from the lower to higher stages of the chain. However,
9
the farmer‟s participation in the marketing activities is quite limited as they remain in the lowest stage of the chain, the farm market level. Commonly, they sell only the raw materials (husked nuts or copra) and therefore receive the lowest price among the various market participants. Although it appears that the farmer‟s share is quite high especially in the case of coconut oil and coco wine, this does not necessarily translate into high farm income. The shares are based on per unit product value and since farmers have small farm sizes, low farm productivity and therefore have low marketable surplus, their incomes are generally low (Pabaayon, 2008). According to MASICAP, (2010) Coconut sap, the sweet exudates from the tapped unopened spath are a versatile food product because of its many uses. It could be marketed as an alcoholic drink (4-5% alcohol) locally known as “tuba” or coconut wine; as vinegar (under further natural fermentation) or as “Lambanog” or distilled wine (24-45% alcohol). Moreover, in coconut farming they are new innovative farm level production schemes capable of producing other Coconut-based Farm Products (CBFP). Many believe that when coconut palms are tapped or coconut sap (toddy) production the opportunity to produce nuts as young tender nuts “buko” (8 month-old), mature 12 month old nut and copra (dried coconut meat) as raw materials for various uses or application is lost. However, research conduct in the Philippines at the Davao ResearchCenter in 1988-1991 (Maravilla and Magat, 1993).
10
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The study used the descriptive research design to determine and describe the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors, their investment, volume produced and sold, and the problems and coping mechanisms. The profitability of coco toddy production was analyzed through cost and return analysis and aided with profitability ratio especially rate on return on sales.
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were coco toddy collectors from barangay Colambog, Silik and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.
Sampling Procedure and Sampling Size
An initial survey was done to determine the population of coco toddy collectors in the selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. A complete enumeration was used as sampling procedure which considers all coco toddy farmers in the study area as respondents for the study. This was due to the small population size of the targeted respondents. A total of thirty-two (32) respondents was derived from the three study areas in Municipality of Pikit.
11
There were fifteen (15) respondents from Barangay Colambog, ten (10) in Barangay Silik, and seven (7) in barangay Katilakan. All of which were taken as samples.
Research Instrument
An interview guide was used as an instrument for data gathering. It was divided into four parts; the socio-demographic profile, investment, volume extracted and sold, costs and return of the coco toddy collectors, and the problems encountered and coping mechanisms of the coco toddy collectors.
Data Gathering Procedure
An initial survey was done to determine the number of coco toddy collectors in the area. The barangays that served as area of the study was Barangay Colambog, Silik, and Katilakan. These were the barangays which has identified coco toddy collectors. The data was gathered through a personal interview with the respondents. The coco toddy collectors was interviewed in their respective homes.
12
Statistical Analysis
The prime data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequently counts, percentages and averages. The data that were descriptively analyzed
were
the
socio-demographic
profile,
investment,
volume
produce/extracted and sold, and problems encountered and their coping mechanisms. Costs and return analysis was used to measure the profitability of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, aided with profitability ratio which was computed to estimate the rate of return in toddy collection.
13
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 1 shows the socio-demographic characteristics of the coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that most of the collectors aged almost 50 years old, all of them were male married (97%), with a household size of 5 members, Cebuano and Roman Catholics. Most of them reached elementary (53%), some of them reached high school (28%) while only few of them, 6% and 13% graduated from high school and elementary, respectively. On the average, they have been collecting toddy for almost 10 years.
14
Table 1.Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato.August 2011. VARIABLES
FREQUENCY (N=32)
PERCENTAGE %
AVERAGE
Age
49.6
Household size
4.78
Gender Male
32
100
Married
31
97
Single
1
3
Roman Catholic
32
100
Cebuano
32
100
17
53
Civil Status
Religion
Tribe
Educational attainment Elementary level
Elementary graduates 4
13
High School level
28
9
High School graduates 2
6
Years in collecting coco toddy Other source of income 32
9.59 100
15
Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 2 summed up the material inputs used by coco toddy collectors directly in producing coco toddy. These materials were considered fixed inputs, setting aside “tungog”, which entails fixed costs in the production process. On the average, the coco toddy collectors used 1 “sangot” with a per unit cost of P 136.25, 6 gallons with a per unit cost of P 16.50, and 1 “bairan” with a per unit cost of P 124.53. Although these costs do not necessary rise up with production, it is still important to derive its costs per tree. On the other hand, the only variable cost noted here is “tungog” which on the average, they used 1 pack per day.
Table 2.Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011. VARIABLES
AVERAGEAVERAGE COST AVERAGE COSTS QUANTITY PER UNIT PER TREE (P)
“Sanggot”
1
136.25
26.98
“gallons”
6
16.5
3.35
“tungog”
1
23.94
4.84
“bairan”
1
124.53
25.34
Total Average cost
301.22
60.51
16
Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy
The table 3 shows the average of coco toddy in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. the average number of trees collected was 5and the average volume per tree (L) of coco toddy extracted per day is four (4) liters. The average extracted liters of coco toddy are found to be higher than the estimated 3 liters per tree, as assumed by by Manohar (2010). Furthermore, the average amount of extracted coco toddy per tree per day was P40.00 of which P39.00 was the actual sales while only about P 1.00 was unsold. The unsold coco toddy was consummated or processed into vinegar.
17
Table 3. Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011. VARIABLES
AVERAGE VOLUME (LITER)
AVERAGE AMOUNT PER TREE (P)
Average no. of tress collected (5) Coco toddy extracted per day (liter)
4
40
Coco toddy sold (liter)
3.9
39
Unsold coco toddy per day (liter)
0.1
1
Total Averag
8.9
80
Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors
Table 4 shows the monthly net income of coco toddy collectors. The volume was sold P1,170 and unsold P198 from the total gross income which is 1,368. On the hand, total cost of collecting coco toddy was derived by adding the variable cost and fixed cost. Total variable cost is computed by identifying the total cost of tungog in a month, which is P145.20. The fixed cost, which is the combined cost of sanggot P26.98, gallon P20.10, and bairan P25.34, is P72.42. Overall, the average total cost is P217.42/ month. Lastly, to derive the total net income of collecting coco toddy, the total gross income was subtracted by the total cost. The total monthly net income of collecting coco toddy is P1,252.38/month.
18
In relation to the above results, a study of Manohar (2010) shows that a one hectare (100 tress) coco toddy farm has an investment cost of P330,00. Thus it costs P3,300 per tree. Compared to the literature, the small-scale coco toddy collectors seems to have little expenses and also a lesser profiy than the estimated farm. The study also considered the profitability ratios which measures the rate of return on sales or profit margin of coco toddy production in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that the net profit margin shows how much each sales per peso shows up as net income after all expenses are paid. The net profit margin is 85% which means that 85 cents for every peso is profit. Thus it would be occurred based on the rate of return the coco toddy collections, even small scaled is profitable. The solution and derivation of the rate of return on sales was shown below.
Rate of return on sales
=Net income Net sales =1,252.38 1,470 =0.85 or 85%
19
Table 4. Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
ITEMS
AVERAGE AMOUNT PER TREE (Php)
Income Volume sold
1,170
Volume unsold
300
Total income
Cost Variable cost “Tungog”
1,470
(1pack x P4.84)
145.20
Total Variable Cost Fixed cost “Sanggot” “gallon‟s” “bairan” Total fixed cost Net Income
145.20
1pc.x P 26.98 6pc.x P 3.35 1pc.x P 25.34
Legend : Volume sold : 3.9LxP10 X 30 days Volume unsold: 0.1LxP10 X 30 days
P
26.98 20.10 25.34 72.42 1,252.38
20
Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy
Table 5 summed up all the problems that coco toddy collectors encountered and how they coped with that problems. They said that they find it hard collecting coco toddy during rainy Days due to wet trunks of the coconut trees. They resolved this problem by providing ladders for them to climb the tree easily. When illness also strikes them, they resolve by taking rest and taking medicines.
Table 5. Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.
PROBLEMS
FREQUENCY (N=32)
PERCENTAGE %
COPING MECHANISMS
Wet trunk
32
100
Provide ladder in order to climb
illness
32
100
Rest and take medicines
21
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The study evaluated the profitability of producing coco toddy in selected Barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. Thirty-two coco toddy collectors were considered as respondents using complete enumeration. The results of the study may be summarized as follows: 1. Majority of the respondents were married males with an average of almost 50 years old. Roman Catholic was the dominant religion of the respondents. Furthermore, the respondents, as a whole, were found to reach elementary education but were not able to graduate. Average coco toddy collecting experience of the respondents is almost 10 years. 2. Investment in coco toddy collection includes: “sanggot” with an average unit and cost of one and P136.25, respectively; gallons which has an average unit of 6 and P16.5 cost, “tungog” with an average of 1 unit and P 23.94 cost, and “bairan” which has an average unit of 1 at 124.22 cost. 3. The respondents can extract a total of four liters per day and sold 3.9 liters. Average amount of sold coco toddy is P 39.00. 4. Coco toddy collectors were found to be efficient in coco toddy collection. They have a net income of P 1,252.30 and a rate of return on sales of 85% cents per peso sale. 5. The most common problems of the respondents were wet trunk, wherein they used ladders as copping mechanism, and illness. Coco toddy
22
collectors collects toddy every morning, rain or shine. Due to this practice, many of the respondents suffer from cold and cough but have to deal with it using medicines for they can‟t stop doing their source of living. The following conclusions were drawn based on the results of the study: 1. Coco toddy collection was a profitable enterprise and the coco toddy farmers were found to be efficient in coco toddy collection. They received 85 cents in every one peso investment they have in coco toddy collection. 2. However, the respondents were observed as members in the poverty threshold level, as seen in their low educational attainment and as observed during the survey. The researcher could conclude that, though it was shown that they were efficient in coco toddy collection, based on the rate of return on sales, they only own small number of trees, such livelihood has a small contribution in their economic condition. Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following are recommended: 1. A further study on the economic condition of the collectors will determine
what
factors
are
responsible
on
the
stagnant
economic
development of the collectors even with the fact that they are efficient in coco toddy production. 2. Government support will be a great help to the coco toddy collectors. Programs such as seminar on improvement of production practices; giving
23
permanent and profitable marketing channels; and seminars on proper health, will enable the collectors to improve their production levels due to the technology introduced and dissemination of information will help them ward-off or minimize the risk of illness.
24
LITERATURE CITED
Aquino, M.U.PhD. 2009. Rural Cooperative Partnership Exploits Comparatives Advantages of Coconut Sap Sugar Production. Coconut Sap.Bureau of Agricultural Research. From: http//www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2009/aprjJun09_coconutsap.asp. Retrive March 17, 2011. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1997.Sharing Traditional Skills in ToddyTapping.FAO Focus. From: http//www.fao.org/focus/e/tcdc/toddy-e.htm. Retrieve March 17, 2011 Garin, O.G., 2008. Agriculture Business Week. P5.5 Million for Coconut Wine Production. From http:www.agribusenesswek.com/p55-million-forcoconut –wine production//.Retrieve March 17,2011. Mohamad, I. 2010. Nuts for coconut: Today the local Brew .Eco Green Maldives. From hhtp://ecogreenmaldives.blogspot.com/2010/04/nutsfor- coconut-toddy – local – brew. Html. Retrieve March 17, 2011. Piana,V.2003. Costs : A key concept in Economics. Economics Web Institute. From http://www.economicsurebinstitute.org/glossary/costs.htm.Retieve December 20, 2010 Pabuayon, I.M.and C.M.Medina.2007.Policy Imperatives for Coconut- Based Communities in the Philippines: The Market, Poverty and Environment Nexus. Up Los Banos and Up Center for Integrative and Development Studies.Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.54 p. From Retrieve March 23 ,2011. Secreted of the Pacific Community.2006. Coconut Healthy Pacific Lifestyle Section. From http://www.spc.in/lifestyle/.Retrieve 17,2011. Medium and Small Scale Industries Coordinated Action (MASICAP). 2010. Coco-sap Sugar and Honey Production: from hhtp//www.investinr12.net/index.php/component/banners/clicks/index. php?option =com_content&id=89:coco-sapsugar-and-honeyMaravilla, J. N. and Magat, S. S (1993). Sequential Coconut Toddy (Sap) and Nut Poduction in Laguna Tall Variety and Hybrid Coconut.Philippines.J. Coconut Studies 18(2):7-15
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APPENDICES
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Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense Name Degree Sought Thesis Title
Date of Exam:
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO FEBRUARY 29, 2012
Time:
10:00 AM
Place:
GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Student‟s signature over printed name
CBDEM
Date
RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Adviser‟s signature over printed name
Chairman Member Member
KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Department Research Coordinator
NORMA U. GOMEZ, Ph. D Department Chairman EXAMINING COMMITTEE Name Signature KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO HELEN A. ABIDONG ROMIEL JOHN P. BASAN
Date
REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION (Remarks of the examining committee should indicate whether passed or failed) Name Signature Remarks KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO Chairman HELEN A. ABIDONG Member ROMIEL JOHN P. BASAN Member APPROVED: MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL CBDEM Research Coordinator
Important: All applications for examination must be done two (2) working days prior to the scheduled date of examination.
27
Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT Certification of English Critic Name Degree Sought
NOVA LILET M. ALVARADO BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO
conducted NOVA LILET M. ALVARADO by was edited by the undersigned.
RHENALIE T. NEYRA Signature over printed name
Date
I confirm that this study has been checked by the English Critic.
RHENALIE T. NEYRA Adviser‟s signature over printed name
Date
