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An interest rate of 10% compounded compounded continuously is desired of an investment of P15,000. How many years will be required to recover the capital with the desired de sired interest if P2,500 is received each year? What is the pH level of toilet soap? A method of nonspontaneous lysing (splitting) (splitting) of a substance by the input in put of electrical energy, and is often used to decompose a compound into its elements. It is the electrostatic ele ctrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions. It is the term applied to any method of extinguishing a debt, principal and interest, by a series of payments, usually at equal equa l intervals.
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It is a method of managing all the activities that affect the quality of goods or services in order to prevent faults.
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This type of business organization can be set Partnership up without any formality. It exist when there are a number of people involved who are part owners of the business. Items purchased from a vendor cost Php 50 units 20 each, and the forecast for next year‟s demand is 1,000 units. If it costs Php 5 Q = (2DS/H) = ((2(1000)(5))/4) = 50 units
every time an order is placed for more units and the storage cost is Php 4 per unit per year, what quantity should be order each time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0.781 in
t = 2.5(50) / 4(40) = 0.781 inches 0.800 in
D = 4(0.25)(40) / 50 = 0.800 0.800 inches 177 mm (1000)(9.81)(30)(1.5)L = 2(300x10^-6)(130x10^ 2(300x10^-6)(130x10^6) 6)
L = 177 mm
628 rad/s ω = (1/0.22)(150x10^6 / 7850)^(1/2) = 628 rad/s
17
N = (3.5x10^6)(0.45 – 2x0.01)^2 / [(0.04^2)(88 –55)x10^6] = 16.18 round up
allowable stress in the bolts is 80 MPa, of which 55 MPa is the initial stress? A pipe carry steam at 3.5 MPa has an outside diameter of 450 mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm. A gasket is inserted between the flange at one end of the pipe and a flat plate use to cap the end. What circumferential stress is developed in the pipe? It is the maximum safe stress that a material can carry It is the point at which there is an appreciable elongation of the material without any corresponding increase of load This component measures the pulling (or pushing) action perpendicular to the section A steel rod having a cross-sectional area area of 300 sq. Meters and a length of 150 m is suspended vertically from one end. It supports a tensile load of 20 kN at the lower end. If the unit mass of steel is 7850 kg/m^3 and E = 200x10^3 MN/m^2, find the total elongation of the rod. What is the theoretical maximum value of Poisson‟s ratio of any given material subjected to a uniform triaxial stress. A steel bar 50 mm in diameter and 2 m long is surrounded by a shell of cast iron 5 mm thick. Compute the load that will compress the combined bar a total of 0.8 mm in the length of 2m. For steel E = 200 GPa, and for cast iron E = 100 GPa A solid steel shaft 5 m long long is stressed to 80 MPa when twisted through 4 degrees. degre es. Using G = 83 GPa, compute the shaft diameter. A solid steel shaft is not to to twist through more than 3 degrees in a 6 m length when subjected to a torque of 12 1 2 kN.m. What maximum shearing stress is developed? Use G=83GPa.
What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist through more than 3 degrees in a 6 m length when subjected to a torque of 12 kN.m? Use G=83GPa.
75.3 MPa ζ = (3.5)(450 – 2x10) / [2(10)] = 75.3 MPa
working stress
Yield point
Axial forces 54.3 mm
δ = [(7850)(9.8)(150^2) / 2(200X10^9)] +
[(20000)(150)(1000^2) / 300(200X10^9)] δ = 54.3 mm !
192 kN P = [(π/4)(0.05^2)(200x10^9)(0.0008)/2] + [(π/4)(0.06^2 – 0.05^2) (100x10^9) (0.0008)/2]
P = 192 kN 138 mm
r = (80)(5) / [(4)(π/180)(83000)] = 69 mm d = 2(69) = 138 mm 41.3 MPa (π/4)d^4 = (12000)(6) / [(3)(π/180)(83x10^9)]
d = 114 mm η = 16(12000) / [π(.114)^3] η = 41.3 MPa 114 mm (π/4)d^4 = (12000)(6) / [(3)(π/180)(83x10^9)]
d = 114 mm
A steel rod 2.5 m long is secured secured between two walls. If the load on the rod is zero at 20 degree Celsius, compute the stress when the temperature drops to -20 degrees Celsius. The cross-sectional are if the rod is 1200 sq. mm, coefficient of linear expansion = 11.7 um/(mdeg.C), and E = 200 GPa. Assume that the walls are rigid. Determine the maximum shearing stress in a helical steel spring composed of 20 turns of 20 mm-diamter wire on a mean radius of 80 mm when tha spring is supporting a load of 2 kN. Use G = 83 GPa. Determine the elongation in a helical steel spring composed of 20 turns of 20 mm-diamter wire on a mean radius of 80 mm when tha spring is supporting a load of 2 kN. Use G = 83 GPa. These are components of the total resistance to sliding the portion to one side of the exploratory section past the other. Who first postulated that stress is proportional to strain in 1678?
It explains combustion as a result of loss of a substance. The volume of a definite quantity of dry gas is inversely proportional to the pressure provided the temperature remains constant. It refers to matter that do not have definite form or structure. Three grams of sulphur dissolved in 200 g of naphthalene C10H8, was found decreasing the freezing point of the solvent to 0.72 ⁰C. Find the molecular weight of the solute. (Kf C10H8 = 6.9 ⁰C/molar)
93.6 MPa ζ = (200x10^9)(11.7x10^ -6)(20 - -20)
= 93.6x10^6 Pa ζ = 93.6 MPa
120.6 MPa
m = 80/10 = 8 η = [16(2000)(0.08) / π(0.02)^3] x {[4(8)-
1]/[4(8)-4] + (0.615/8)} η = 120.6 MPa 98.7 mm δ = 64(2000)(0.08^3)(20) / [(83x10^9)(0.02^4)] δ = 98.7 mm
Shear forces
Robert Hooke
Phlogiston Boyle’s Law
Amorphous 135.61 g/mole
g- mole = = 135.61 grams/mole
Substance having a pH level less than 7 It is the enthalpy change associated with the condensation of gaseous positive and negative ion into a crystal.
Base Lattice Energy
It is a product of the weathering of complex silicates, particularly of feldspars which are abundant minerals.
Clay
Electrons occupy all the orbitals of a given subshell singly before pairing begins. These unpaired electrons have parallel spins. This is known as: This law states that at constant temperature the volume of a sample of gas varies inversely with the pressure. It is the scattering of light by colloidal particles Consider H3 AsO3, Arsenic acid (H=1.01,As=74.9,O=16.0).How many mole is 1kg of H3 AsO3?
Hund’s rule
Boyle’s Law
Tyndall Effect 7.94 moles H3 AsO3 = 3(1.01 g/mol) + 74.9 g/mol + 3(16.0 g/mol)
= 125.93 g/mol moles H3 AsO3 = (1kg)(1 mol/125.93g) = 7.94 moles H3 AsO3
It is customary to indicate accuracy by using a certain numbers of figures or digits. It is required for organic compounds Term used to denote the technology of treating a mined ore to obtain a product higher on concentration of a wanted mineral from the unwanted rock mass in which it occurs. It states that, "If a stress is placed on a system on equilibrium whereby the equilibrium is altered, that change will take place which tends to relieve or neutralize the effect of the added stress". The energy possessed by a substance that allows it to be changed into a new substance. If heat is absorbed by the system during a chemical change, it is called as:
significant figures
Who determined the quantitative relationship between the amount of electricity used in electrolysis and the amount of chemical reaction that occurs? It is considered as derivatives of ammonia in which one or more of the hydrogens have been replaced by the alkyl or aryl group. It is characterized by unpleasant odors. Calculate the molar concentration of a solution that contains 15g of potassium hydroxide in 225ml of solution.
Michael Faraday.
Carbon Ore dressing
Le Chatelier's Principle
Chemical energy
Endothermic
Amines
1.2 M
Calculate the ratio of the rate of diffusion of hydrogen to the rate of diffusion d iffusion of oxygen. How fast does hydrogen diffuse than oxygen? Given: Density of oxygen is 0.0899 g/L and the density of oxygen is 1.43 g/L.
Four
What is the volume of 1 moles of a gas at 2 atm and 273 K?
11.2L
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V= 224 L x (n/1mol) x (1atm/2atm) =11.2L Pyrex
33 kg
Specific gravity of gasoline is 0.82 Density = 0.82 times the density of water Density= specific gravity x density of water =(0.82)(0.997) = 0.82 g/mL V=39.7L = 39700 mL M= D x V =(0.82)(39700) =33 kg Diamond
Stoichiometry
_________ involves the replacement of one of of the atoms or groups of atoms attached to the carbon “Backbone” of the organic molecule
Substitution Substitution Reaction
Calculate the volume (in Litres) occupied by by 7.40g of NH3 at STP (Standard Temperature, Te mperature, and Pressure)
9.73L
Recognizing that 1mole of an ideal gas is equal top 22.4L at STP and using the molar mass of NH3 (17.03g) V = 7.40g NH3 x
It is the Energy change accompanying a mole of electrons being added to a mole of a gaseous atoms or ions
1 mol NH3 x 22.4L__ = 9.73L 17.03g NH3 1 mol NH3
Electronic Affinity
A 466g sample sample of Water is Heated Heated from 8.50‟C 8.50‟C to 74.60‟C. Calculate the amount of Heat
129 KJ
Absorbed (in Kilo Joules) by the Water.
q = ms t = (466g)(4.184 J/g „C)(74.60‟C – 8.50‟C) = 129 KJ
A silicon chip used in an integrated integrated circuit of a microcomputer has a mass of 5.68mg. How many silicon (Si) atoms are present p resent in this chip?
1.22x10 20atoms 5.68mg Si x
1g Si x 1,000 mg Si 20
23
1mol Si x 6.022x10 28.08 g Si 1 mol Si
= 1.22x10 atoms
This Law states that if a process can be written as the sum of several stepwise processes, the Enthalphy change the total process pro cess equals the sum of the Enthalphy changes of the Various Steps. This process separates the components of a mixture on the basis of differences in particle size. It is used most often to separate a liquid from a solid. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is a colorless, odorless, very unreactive gas. Calculate the pressure (in atm) exerted by 1.82 moles of gas in a steel vessel of volume 5.43L at 45°C.
It is defined as the pressure p ressure exerted by a force of one newton acting on an area of one square meter. A bottle of certain ceramic tile cleanser, which essentially a solution of hydrogen chloride, contains 130g of HCl and 750g of water. What is the percent by mass ma ss of HCl in this cleanser?
Hess Law
Filtration
8.75 atm
P = _nRT_ V P = (1.82mol) (0.0821L.atm/K.mol) (45+273K) 5.43 P = 8.75 atm Pascal 14.8%
%solute = mass solute_ x 100 mass solution %solute = ____130g____ x 100 130g + 750g %solute = 14.8%
A covalent bond between two atoms atoms with different electronegativities, so that the electron density is unsymmetrically distributed.
Polar bond
Which element has the highest ionization ion ization potential of its atom?
Helium
It is the minimum amount of radioactive material needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction.
critical mass
In the atmosphere, nitrogen dioxide reacts with water to produce nitric acid, which contributes to pollution by acid rain: 3NO2(g) + H2O(l) -----> 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g) How many grams of HNO3 are produced for every 1.0mol of NO2 that reacts? The molecular weight of HNO 3 is 63.0amu. _________ states that a constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of moles present. ______ states that in the addition of polar reagents to alkenes, the positive portion of the reagents adds to the carbon atom in the double bond that already has the most hydrogen atoms. _______ are atoms that have completely filled ns and np subshells, giving them great stability. _______ states that the partial pressure of a solvent over a solution is given by the vapor pressure of the pure solvent times the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution The position x of an experimental rocket moving along a long rail is measured to be x(t) = (4m/s)t + (7m/s 2)t2 + (5m/s3)t3 – (0.35m/s4)t4 over the first 10s of its motion, where t is in seconds and x is in meters. Find the velocity of the rocket for the first 10 seconds. Early in the nineteenth century, James Watt invented the steam engine. In order to convince people, who relied heavily on horses for mechanical work, he demonstrated how useful his steam engine was by utilizing u tilizing a horse that lifted water from a well we ll over a certain period of time and called the corresponding power expended “one horsepower”. Assume that water has a mass density of 1.0 x 10 3 kg/m3, that the well was 20m deep, and that the horse worked for 8 hours. How many liters of water did the horse raise from the well? Use the following constants: 1 hp = 746 Watts, g = 9.8 m/s 2.
42 g HNO3
1.0mol NO2(2mol HNO3/3mol NO2)(63g HNO3/1mol HNO3)=42g HNO3 Avogadro’s Law
Markovnikou’s rule
Nobles Gases
Raoult’s Law
244m/s
v = dx/dt = (4m/s) + (14m/s 2)t + (15m/s3)t2 – (1.4m/s4)t3 Substituting t = 10 s, gives v = 244 m/s m/s 1.1 x 105 L
The work done of the tension in lifting a mass of water is given by: W = m g y where W = work, m = mass = p V, V, y = distance, V = volume, p = mass density, The power is given by: Vg y P = work /time, t Substituting all values, we get for V V= 746 746W 8hx3600 s / h 1.1 x10 2 m 3 3 3 2 1 x10 k g / m 9.8m / s 20m Since 1 m3 = 103 L, then V = 1.1 x 10 5L.
As provided in ACT 3846, the construction construction of a radio station shall begin only when
The NTC has already issued a Permit to construct.
As provided in RA7925, a VAS provider needs to secure a franchise if
it puts up its own network.
According to the code of ethics, ethics, if you are employed in a company and you wish to engage in a business which may compete with your company, the most ethical thing to do is to An investor has an option to purchase a tract of land that will be worth P20,000 in seven years. If the value of the land increases at 9% each year, how much should the investor be willing to pay now for this property?
inform your employer about it
P10,941
P
n
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Suppose that you make 12 equal annual deposits of P2,000 each into a bank account paying 8% interest per year. The first f irst deposit will be made one year from today. How much money can be withdrawn from this bank account immediately after the 12 th deposit?
37,954
F A
n (1 i)
1
i
= P2000(F/A,8%,12) P37,954.25 What is the effective rate of interest if P1000 P 1000 is invested at a nominal rate of 15% compounded quarterly?
15.86%
ieff
A man purchased a house for P425,000. In In the first month that he owned the house, h ouse, he spent P75,000 on repairs and remodeling. Immediately after the house was remodeled, he was offered P545,000 to sell the house. After some consideration, he decided to to keep the house and have it rented for P4,500 per month starting two months after the purchase. He collected rent for 15 months and then sold the house for P600,000. if the interest rate was 1.5% per month, how much extra ext ra money did he make or lose by not selling the house immediately after it was remodeled?
1
P5,000
0.15 4
4
1 15.86%
On the day his grandson was born, a man deposited to a trust company a sufficient amount of money so that the boy could receive five annual payments of P20,000 each for his college tuition fees, starting with his 18 th birthday. Interest at the rate of 12$ per annum was to be paid on all amounts on deposit. There was also a provision that the grandson could elect to withdraw no annual payments and receive a single lump amount on his 25 th birthday. The grandson chose this option. How much did the grandfather deposit?
P10,500
A man bought an equipment costing P30,000 payable in 12 quarterly payments, each installment payable at the beginning of each period. The rate of interest in terest is 24% compounded quarterly. What is the amount of each payment
P3,700
A telecommunication company purchased an equipment for P53,000 and paid P1,500 for freight and delivery charges to the job site. The equipment has a normal life of 10 years with a trade-in value of P5,000 against the purchase of a new equipment at the end of the life. Determine the annual depreciation cost by the sinking fund method. Assume interest at 6.5% compounded annually.
P3.,668
A plant bought a machine for P200,000 P200,000 and used it for 10 years, the life span of the equipment. What is the book value of the machine after 5 years of use? Assume a scrap value of P20,000. Use double declining balance method.
P65,536
It occurs when a cutting action is applied as you would see with scissors, tin snips, or punches.
Direct shear
It occurs when a member carries a load perpendicular to its long axis while being supported in a stable manner.
Bending stress
It is the internal resistance offered by a unit area of the material from which a member from which a member is made to an externally applied load.
stress
A certain support stand design to carry carry downward loads. Compute the stress in the square shaft at the upper part of the stand for a load of 27,000 lb. The line of action of the applied of the applied load is centered on the axis on the shaft, and the load is applied through a thick plate that distributes d istributes the force to the entire cross section of the stand.
12,000psi
The proportional limit is the value of stress on the stress-strain diagram curve at which the curve first deviates from a straight line.
Proportional limit
It is the value of stress on the stress-strain curve at which the material has ha s deformed plastically; that is, it will no longer return to its original size and shape after removing the load.
Elastic Elastic limit
It is the value of stress on the stress-strain curve at which there is a significant increase in strain with little or no increase in stress. It is the highest value of apparent stress on the stress-strain curve.
Yield point
It is a measure of the stiffness stiffness of a material material determined by the slope of the straight-line portion of the stress-strain curve.
Modulus of elasticity
A ductile material is one that can can be stretched, formed, or drawn to a significant degree before fracture. A metal that exhibits a percent elongation greater than ____ % is considered to be ductile.
5
A brittle material is one that fails suddenly under load with little or no plastic deformation. A metal that exhibits a percent elongation elongation ____ 5.0% is considered to be brittle. brittle.
Less than
The ratio of shearing stress to shearing strain is called: It is the ability of of a material to to absorbed applied energy without failure
Modulus of rigidity
It is the indication ind ication of the resistance of a material to indentation by a penetrator.
Hardness
It is a measure of pulling and pushing force.
Axial force
F
27,000lb
A
2.25in 2
12,000
Tensile Tensile point
Toughness
lb in 2
12,000 psi
It is the measure of the total resistance to sliding.
Shear force
It is the measure of the resistance to twisting.
Torque
A common bar suspended from certain certain support has axial load of 10kN. If the bar has a cross section of 20mm 2, find the stress experience by the bar.
500MPa
10,000 N 20 x10 6 m2
Assume that a 25-mm diameter rivet joins the plates that are each 125 mm wide. The allowable stresses are 130 MPa for bearing in the plate material and 65 MPa for shearing of the rivet. Determine the minimum thickness of each plate.
40MPa
A cylinder pressure vessel is fabricated from plates which have a thickness of 20mm. The diameter of the pressure vessel is 450 mm and its length is 3.5m. Determine the maximum internal pressure which can be applied if the stress in the steel is limited to 150MPa.
16.67MPa
The wall thickness of a 3ft-diameter spherical tank is 4/17 in. Calculate the allowable a llowable internal pressure if the stress is limited to 9000 psi.
176.47psi
500 MPa
pD
4t 9000 p
A steel bar 40mm in diameter and 3m long long is surrounded by a shell of cast iron 6mm thick. Compute the load that will compress the combined bar a total of 0.95 mm in the length of 2m. For steel E=300GPa, and for cast iron, E=150GPa.
p (4 12in)
4(4 / 17in)
176.47 psi
161kN
PL AE
0.8 10 3 m 0.95 10
P(2m) AE P(3)
3 2
4
P
160.57kN
(40mm) 300G
4
[(52mm) 2
(40mm) 2 ]150G
A steel rod 3.5m long is secured secured between two walls. If the load on the rod is zero at 30°C, compute the stress when the temperature drops to -30°C. The cross sectional area of the rod is 1200mm2, α =11.7um/(m°C), and E=200GPa.
140MPa
PL AE AE
0.47°
TL JG What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist through more than 4° 4 ° in a 6m length when subjected to a torque of 13kN-m? What max shearing stress is developed? G=85 GPa
E 200 G ) TE (11.7 )(30 30)(200
140 140 .4 MPa
PL
L T
A steel shaft 3ft long that that has a diameter of 5in is subjected to a torque of 14kip-ft. Determine the maximum shearing stress. G=12x10 6 psi.
T
L T
14k (12)(3 x12) 180 x (5)4 6 x 12 10 32
0.47
107.6mm
TL JG
4 x
13k (6) 180
( d )4 32
85 x10 9
d 107.57mm
Determine the elongation in a helical steel spring composed of 20 turns of 20-mm diameter wire on a mean radius of 90 mm when the spring is supporting a load of 2.5kN. Use G=83 GPa.
175mm
It is the transfer of energy energ y from the more energetic particles of substance to the adjacent less energetic ones as a result of interactions between the particles.
Conduction
It indicates that the rate of heat conduction in a direction is proportional to the temperature gradient in that direction.
Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
Which of the following is considered the best conductor of heat?
Diamond
It is the mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion, and it involves the combined effect conduction and fluid motion.
Convection
64( 2.5k )(90mm) 3 ( 20) 4 83GPa GPa ( 20mm)
175 175 mm
It is the energy emitted e mitted by the matter in the form of electromagnetic waves as a result of the changes in the electronic e lectronic configurations of the atom or molecules.
Radiation
It states that energy can neither be destroyed nor created; it can only change forms.
First law of thermodynamics
In second law of thermodynamic, which of the following state that no heat engine can have a thermal efficiency of 100% or as far as power plant to operate, the working fluid f luid must exchange heat with the environment as well as the furnace.
Kelvin –Plank Statement
In second law of thermodynamic, which of the following state that no device can transfer heat from cooler body to a warmer one without leaving an effect on the surroundings.
Clausius Statement
It is defined as the amount of light output in lumens per W of electricity e lectricity consumed.
Light efficacy
Carnot cycle is composed of how many reversible processes?
4
Which of the following processes are involved in volved in carnot cycle?
Two adiabatic ; two isothermal isothermal
State that the thermal efficiencies of all reversible heat engines operating between the same two reservoirs are the same, sa me, and that no heat engine is more efficient than a reversible one operating between the same sa me two reservoirs.
Carnot principle
A carnot heat engine receives 500KJ of of heat per cycle from a high-temperature source at 600 °C and rejects heat a low temperature sink at 40°C. Determine the thermal efficiency of this Carnot engine.
64.15%
1
T L T H
A piston cylinder device contains a liquid-vapor 1.75kJ/K mixture of water at 400K. During a constant pressure process, 700 KJ of heat is transferred to the water. As a result, part of the liquid in Q S the cylinder vaporizes. Determine the entropy T change of the water during this process.
1
(40 273 ) K (600
700kJ 400K
273 ) K
1.75
k J K
0.6415 (64 .15 %)
Which of the following equation of state has two constants?
Vander Waals Equation
How many constant are there in Strobridge Equation of State?
16
Which of the following equation of state has eight constant?
Benedict-Webb-Rubin Equation
Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 22°C. Determine the total rate of heat hea t transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer surface temperature of the person are 1.2 m2 and 33°C, respectively, and the convection heat transfer coefficient is 6 W/m 2.ε=0.95 and ζ=5.67x10 -8 W/m4-K4
143.2J/s Qconvection
hA(T s
=5
W
m 2 C = 66W
(T s4
Qradiation
T f )
(1.2m 2 )(33 22) C
4 T surr )
= 0.95(5.67 x10
W
8
m
4
K 4
)(1.2m 2 )[(33 274)4
(22
273)4 ]K 4
= 77.2W Qtotal
66W 77.2W
143.2W
143.2 J / s
A piston cylinder device initially contains contains 0.8 3 m of air at 110kPa and 80°C. The air is now compressed to 0.2 m3 in such a way that the temperature inside the cylinder remains constant. Determine the work done during this process.
-122kJ
It is the energy possesses by the system as a result of its elevation with respect to the gravitational acceleration of the earth.
Potential
It states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. Determine the mass of the air in a room whose dimensions are (5x6x7) cm at 105 kPa and 27°C.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
3
W (110kPa)(0.8m ) ln(
0.2
1kJ )( ) 0.8 1kPa m3
122kJ
256.1 g R' gas constant
R' air m
0.287 m3 kPa / kg PV
R ' T
K
105k Pa(5 x6 x7m 3 ) 0.287 m3 kPa / kg
(27 K
273K )
256.1g
Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 92MW. If the rate of waste heat rejection to a nearby river is 45MW, determine the net power output and the thermal efficiency for this heat engine.
51.09%
Q H
92 MJ s
Q L
45 MJ s Q L
1
Q H
The food compartment of a refrigerator ref rigerator is maintained at 4°C by removing heat from f rom it at a rate of 300 KJ/min. If the required power input to the refrigerator is 3KW, determine the coefficient of performance of the refrigerator.
1.67
A 50 kg iron block at 80°C is dropped into an insulated tank that contains 0.5 m 3 of liquid water at 25°C. Determine the temperature when thermal equilibrium reached. The specific heat of iron is 0.45kJ/kg-°C and for water is 4.18kJ/kg-°C.
25.6°C
A rigid tank contains a hot fluid that is cooled while being stirred by a paddle wheel. Initially, the internal energy of the fluid is 850kJ. During the cooling process, the fluid loses 550kJ of heat, and the paddle wheel does 200kJ of work on the fluid. f luid. Determine the final energy of the fluid. Neglect the energy stored in the paddle wheel.
500kJ
Three moles of an ideal gas are compressed slowly and isothermally from a volume of 5 to 1.5 ft3, at a temperature of 320K. How Ho w much work is done?
-9.61kJ
A 4-in wall of fire brick, k=9 k=9 Btu/(ft 2-hr-F/in), has one surface at 300F, the other at 90F. Find the heat conducted through the area of 2ft2 in 1 day.
22, 680Btu
1
45
300k J / min
COP
3k W
kg
50kg (0.45 kg
0.5109 (51.09%)
92
(
)(T 2 80 C ) C
1k W 60k J / min
0.5m3 3
0.001 mkg
(4.18
) 1.67
kJ kg
)(T 2 25 C ) 0 C
T 2 25.6 C
Q
U W
200k J (U 2 U 2
850k J )
550k J
500kJ
Q kAt kA t
T L
(9
= 22,680 Btu
Btu 2
ft f t
hr
)(2 ft f t 2 )(24 hr ) F in
300 90 F 4
in
If 80 g of iron shot at 100C is dropped into 200 g of water at 20C contained in an iron vessel of mass 50 g, find the resulting temperature.
24.6°C
80(0.12)(T 2 100) 200 200(1)(T 2 20) 50(0.12)(T 2 20) 24.6 C
T 2
When a 2lb of brass at 212°F is dropped into 5lb of water at 35°F, 3 5°F, the resulting temperature is 41.2°F. Find the specific heat of brass b rass in Btu/lb-°F.
0.091 Qlost
Qgain
Qbrass
Qwater
2lb(C )(212F 41.2 F ) C 0.091
How much heat is necessary to raise the temperature of 0.80 kg of ethyl alcohol from 15°C of its boiling point 78.3°C? 78 .3°C?
The weight-density of air at 32F and 29.92 in Hg pressure is 0.081 lb/ft3. What is its weightdensity, in lb/ft3, at an altitude where the pressure is 13.73 in Hg and the temperature is -40F?
5lb(1
Btu lb
F
)(41.2 F 35F )
Btu lb
F
30kcal
Q
mc t
Q
0.8k g(0.6
Q
30kcal
cal g
)(78.3 15) C C
0.044
PV mT
PV 1
P T
mT
2
P 1
T
2
29.92
13.73
0.081 x 273K
2
0.044
1
lb 3
f t
How many zeroes in the measurement 0.00020040 are significant?
Three
Which of the following describes a chemical change?
Tarnishing silver
A homogenous mixture can be separated separated by all of the following methods except
Filtration
x 233K
2
Which of the following is not a pure substance?
Milk
A laboratory experiment was performed performed to determine the percent by mass of water in a hydrate. The accepted value is 36.0% water whose observed value has an error of 5.00%. Find the percent by mass ma ss of water.
37.8% water
Which of the following phase changes represent sublimation?
Solid
The amount of energy needed to change a given mass of ice to water at constant temperature is called the heat of
Fusion
Which of the following is a binary compound? An example of a ternary compound compound is What is the charge of a hydrogen atom?
Hydrochloric acid Potassium chlorate
The impossibility of knowing both the precise pre cise location and velocity of subatomic particle at at the same time is known as the
Uncertainty principle
An atom which has the greatest ability to attract electron is
Oxygen
From the reaction,
2
36% * 1.05 =37.8%
gas
How many molecules of can be formed using 2 molecules of NO? If the volume of the mole of gas molecules remains constant, lowering the temperature will make the pressure
Increase
Whenever you have equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure, the volume must
Contain equal number of particles
What pressure must be applied to 225mL of gas at 1atm to reduce its volume to 100mL?
2.25atm P1V1=P2V2
How many moles of at STP?
are present in 44.8L of
2.0moles At STP, 1 mole will occupy 22.4L
The properties of solution include all of the following except that
Dissolved particles will settle out upon stirring
Suppose that energy Q is is required to accelerate a car from rest to v , neglecting friction. How much added energy would be required to increase the speed from v to 2v ?
3Q
Suppose you want to store 1.00 J of electric 0.475 MV/m potential energy in a volume of 1.00 m3 in vacuum. What is the magnitude of the required u=1.00J/1.00m 3 = 1.00J/m 3 electric field?
E=0.475 MV/m Material a is is a water and material b is is a glass 60° with index of refraction 1.52. If the incident ray makes an angle of 60 o with the normal,find the According to law of reflection, reflection, direction of the reflected ray. then The wavelength of the red light from a helium- 2.25 x 10 8 m/s neon sensor is 633 nm in air but 474 nm in the aqueous humor inside our eyeballs. Calculate the speed of light in this substance.
A spaceship moving away from Earth with 0.982c speed of 0.900 c fires a robot space probe in the same direction as its motion, with speed of 0.700c relative to the spaceship. What is the probe‟s velocity relative to the Earth?
In optics, this effect refers to the blurring of the spherical aberration image produced on a concave mirror due to the convergence of rays far from the mirror to other points on the principal axis. What do you call this effect? In fluid mechanics, this shows that the pressure of a fluid decreases as the speed of the fluid increases. In addition, the pressure of a fluid decreases as the elevation increases.
Bernoulli’s equation
In electrodynamics, what term refers to the average speed of the charge carriers?
drift speed
, hence if
In electromagnetics and wave theory, what refers to waves, commonly generated by electronic devices, whose wavelengths ranges from approximately 0.3m to 10 -4 m. Due to their short wavelengths these are often used in radar systems and for studying the atomic and molecular properties of matter.
Microwaves
The property of a substance which remains constant if no heat enters or o r leaves the system, while it does work or alters its volume, but which increases or diminishes should a small amount of heat enter or leave.
Entropy
The quantity of heat required to change the temperature of unit mass through one degree.
Specific Heat
“If the temperature of a given quantity of gas is
Boyle’s Law
held constant, the volume of the gas varies inversely with the absolute pressure during a change of state” An internally reversible process of of a substance during which the pressure remains constant.
Isobaric
The energy stored in a substance by virtue of the activity and configuration of its molecules and of the vibration of the atoms within the molecules.
Internal Energy
“When two bodies, isolated from other
Zeroth Law
environment, are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, the two are in thermal equilibrium with each other” is a statement of…….. Not all energy received as heat by a heatengine cycle can be converted into mechanical work, some are also rejected” is a statement of…….
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
The combined mass of car and passengers travelling at 72 km/hr is 1500kg. 1500 kg. Find the kinetic energy of this combined mass.
300kJ
K=mv2 2k
= (1500kg)(72km/hr)2 (1000m/km)2 (2)(1kg-m/N-sec2 )(3000 sec/hr)2 = 300,000 J or 300 kJ
A mass of 5kg is 100m above above a given datum where local g=9.75 m/sec2. Find the gravitational force in newton‟s and the potential energy of the mass w/ respect to the datum.
48.75 N,4875 J
A pressure gage register 50 psig in a region region where the barometer is 14.25 psia. Find the absolute pressure in Pa.
443 kPa
2
P = mg z k
= (5kg)(9.75m/sec (5kg)( 9.75m/sec )(100m 2 (1kg-m/N-sec )
Fg = mg k
= 5(9.75) 1
= 4875 J
= 48.75 N
P = Patm + Pg = 14.25 + 50 = 64.25 psia During an isentropic process of 1.36 kg/sec of air, the temperature increases from 4.44° C to 115.6°C. if Cp=1.0062kNm for a non-flow process, kg∙K what is ∆H?
P = (64.25psia)(6894.8Pa/psi) = 443 kPa 152.2 kJ/s ∆H = mC p∆T = 1.36kg/s(1.0062kNm/kg∙K) 1.36kg/s(1.0062kNm/kg∙K)(388.75 (388.75-277.59K)
=152. kJ/s
This Law States that “ The quantity of the 5;K5$#64% %6$%)36= $1% 595$%O 35 %R;#+ $& $1% substance leaving the system”
S9T F< LFG;@.J9A/FG F< N9;;
“if the pressure of a given R;#6$3$9 given R;#6$3$9 &' =#5 35 1%+7 4&65$#6$< $1% *&+;O% &' $1% =#5 *#)3%5 73)%4$+9 :3$1 the absolute temperature”
Charles’ Law
“The Acceleration of a particular body is directly ()&(&)$3&6#+ $& $1% )%5;+$#6$ '&)4% #4$36= &6 3$ #67 36*%)5%+9 ()&(&)$3&6#+ $& 3$5 O#5s” O#5s” is a statement &'
Newton’s 2
“Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but is converted from one form to another”
1 S9T F< %
[email protected]:G9K/=;
These materials are hard and brittle, insulative to electricity and heat, and very resistant to high temperatures and harsh environments. en vironments.
Ceramics
These materials have a large number of nonlocalized electrons, as an effect are very good conductors of electricity and heat. They are strong yet deformable, and extensively used in structural applications.
Metals
Materials composed of more than one material type and are designed to display a combination of the best characteristics of each component material.
Composites
G8
S9T F< NFA/FG
;A
A material whose atomic arrangement occurs as periodic, repeating structures over large distances.
Crystalline
An elemental solid having a different crystal structure, usually due to the prevailing temperature and pressure.
Allotrope
This metal is alloyed with steel to give it corrosion resistance properties, resulting in “stainless steel.”
Chromium
This element is used in modern, super strong permanent magnets because of their high coercivities.
Neodymium
The deterioration of an engineered material due to interaction with diverse environments which lead to the degradation of its material properties.
Corrosion
The force of 600 N is the resultant of the forces F1 and 240 N acting as shown in the figure. Which of the following gives the value of F1.
698.9223 N, 56.31 0 with respect to the horizontal
The coefficient of friction between the rope and fixed post is 0.30. The rope is wrapped only once around the post. Which of the following f ollowing gives the minimum tension in the rope at pt A
138.6873 N
Given the set of parallel forces shown, which of the following gives the resultant force.
90 KN down, 3.33m fr A
The resultant of the concurrent forces has a magnitude of 1200 N and acts through the origin and points x = 3m, y = 4m, z = 5m. Which of the following gives the x component of the resultant force
509.1146 N
From the speed of 100 kph, a car decelerates at the rate of 15 m/min/sec along a straight road. Which of the following gives the distance travelled at the end of 40 sec.
911.112 m
The velocity of a particle moving along a long the x 4 3 axis is defined by v = x + 2x – 3x2 where v is in m/s and x is in m. Which of the following gives the velocity when x = 2m. The block shown reaches a velocity of 10 m/s in 25 m starting from rest. Which of the following gives the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the ground.
The normal acceleration of a particle on the rim of a pulley 10 ft in diameter is constant at 1200 fps2. Which of the following gives the speed of the pulley in rpm.
d2 = 32 + 42 -52, d = 7.0711 m Fx = 1200(3)/7.0711 = 509.1146 N
V0 = 100kph x 1000 /3600 = 27.7778 m/s a = -15/60 mps 2 = -0.25 mps2 s = 27.7778(40) + 0.5(-0.25)(40)2 = 911.112 m 20 m/s
v = 24 + 2(2)3 – 3(2)2 = 20 m/s 0.2626
102 = 2a(25), a = 2 m/s 2 ΣFx = ma x, 280 – μ600 = (600/9.8)2, 0.2626
=
147.9371
an = v2/r,
1200 = v2/5, v = 77.4597 fps
v = rω, 77.4597 = 5ω, ω = 15.4919 rad/sec*60/2Π = 147.9371 rpm
A 350 N block is resting on a plane inclined at 300 with the horizontal is subjected to a constant force of 400 N acting parallel p arallel to the inclined plane. After the block blo ck has moved 3 m from rest, the 400 N force was removed. Coefficient of friction is 0.2. Which of the following gives the distance that the block will move further along the inclined plane until it stop.
2.714m 2
2
ΣFs = 0.5m(v – v0 )
400(3) -0.2(350sin 30)(3+x)-(350sin 30)(3+x) = 0.5 (350/9.8)(0-0) X = 2.714 m
The force system consist of a clockwise couple of 600 N-m plus a 300 N force directed to the right through the origin of x & y axes at 0 θx = 30 .
Q
IQ _
If the system is replaced by an equivalent single force, which of the following is its x and y intercept.
4 m left and 2.3094 below the origin
sin 30 = 2/x, x = 4m left of origin tan 30 = y/x, y = 2.3094m 2 .3094m above the origin
