Electronic Refrigerator Diagnostics
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Electronic Diagnostic Test Mode All the GE electronic refrigerators have a Diagnostic Mode that is incorporated in the software in each main electronic board. This Diagnostic Mode will will test certain components and operate others. To activate this diagnostic test feature on an electronic refrigerator, you will need a touch pad control with at least 5 key pads; otherwise you will have to install the additional diagnostic tool.
Electronic Diagnostic Test Mode
Enter the appropriate display numbers as shown on the chart in the next slide by pressing the freezer Colder or Warmer pad and the fresh food Colder or Warmer pad. Then press any pad to activate activate that specific test. Not all tests are available on all models. If no pads are pressed for 30 minutes, the diagnostic mode will time out.
Electronic Diagnostic Test Mode
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Main Electronic Board
AC
DC
The main board outputs both AC and DC voltages to the refrigerator components. The one half of the board is AC inputs and outputs; while the other half of the board is DC inputs and outputs. Note: Wiring connectors are not shown for a better view of the board.
Main Electronic Board
J4
J8 J9
J15 J3
J11 J2 J7 J1 J5
All “J” connectors are labeled on the main board, check the schematic for each model; since there may be some differences depending on the model.
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Main Electronic Electronic Board Board Testing – Line Voltage Voltage Input
J11 Brown Wire
AC
M e t e r L e a d
d e a L r e t e M J7-9 Orange Wire
For a dead refrigerator with interior light operation only, check the input voltage to the main board. To test for 120vac for line voltage to the main board, place your meter leads as shown in the above example.
Main Electronic Board Testing DC Output
J4-3 (Common)
J2-3 (Common)
DC For DC voltage measurement, you will need to read between a DC common connection and the connection for the specific DC component you are checking. DC commons can be found at either J2 pin 3 or J4 pin 3.
Main Electronic Board Testing DC Output
When the refrigerator is connected to line power the main board power supply outpu ts two critical voltages for operation, 12vdc and 5vdc. To check the DC power supply of the main board; read the 12-13 volts DC from the J4 pins 2 and 3; 5 volts DC can be read from J1 pin 5 to either board common.
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•Each DC component is connected at various plugs on the DC side of the board and operate on different DC voltages. •J1 for Thermistors, J2 for fans, J3 for the 3-Way Valve, and J15 for the inverter models. •Remember to measure a DC voltage, you must measure from from one of the DC common points: J2 pin 3 or J4 pin 3.
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Thermistor Operation A Thermistor is a resistance device designed to react to temperatures. The Thermistors GE uses are called NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) type; which means as the temperature decreases, the resistance increases. The main board uses a 5vdc signal to read the Thermistors at the J1 connector. The main board uses input data from the Thermistors; which are located in the fresh food section, freezer section, and mounted to the freezer evaporator. evaporator. The main board monitors the Thermistors to determine determine the temperature in these sections of the refrigerator and determines which components to operate and when to operate them based on this data.
Typical Thermistor
Since there is a separate Thermistor to read the temperature in the fresh food section, freezer section, and to determine the temperature of the evaporator to terminate the defrost cycle; some components work along with a specific Thermistor.
Thermistor Operation The components that will operate under no rmal conditions when the fresh food Thermistor sends data to the main board for a temperature need are th e fresh food fan (available on some models), the damper assembly, evaporator fan, ,"# 7(*.)#--() +&/ ,"# 7(&/#&-#) '+&< The components that will operate under normal conditions when the freezer Thermistor sends data to the main board for a temperature need are the freezer fan, damper assembly, the compressor, and the condenser fan. This illustrates that not all components components will operate at the same time. It is possible to find the fresh food fan operating all by itself; the damper open, the fresh food fan, and evaporator fan operating without the compressor; or the compressor compressor and condenser fan operating by themselves. themselves. It depends on which section of the refrigerator has a temperature need.
Thermistor Locations
There could be up to 5 Thermistors in a refrigerator, depending on the model.
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Testing Thermistors There are a few ways to test te st the Thermistors in a refrigerator: You can test the resistance of a Thermistor by checking the temperature at the thermistor (see the chart below), or you can isolate the Thermistor and use a specific temperature. To test the resistance of any Thermistor using it’s normal temperature (for example the freezer air temperature), first disconnect power to the refrigerator and remove the main board access cover on the back of the refrigerator. Then unplug the J1 J1 connector from the main board, we do this to isolate the Thermistor circuit; so the only value that will be displayed on the meter is for that Thermistor. Use the schematic to find the specific Thermistor you want to check. Place the meter leads into the back of the J1 connector (wire (wire side) at pins 3 and 5 to get the resistance value based on the freezer air temperature.
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Testing Thermistors Another way to test a Thermistor is to remove the head of the Thermistor from it’s mounting mounting and insert it into a cup of crushed ice and a small amount of water. The water will cause the ice to be at it’s melting o point of 32 F. Place the meter leads on the J1 J1 connector as previously described. described. o
The Thermistor will read approximately 16K for 32 F.
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Testing Thermistors You can also test the resistance of a Thermistor by checking the thermistor at room temperature. temperature. At room temperature the thermistor should read around 5 to 6 kohms.
Remember, as temperature decreases the thermistor should increase in resistance.
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Defrost problems? Check the FZ Evaporator thermistor: • If it is biased biased towards a high temperature, temperature, it will terminate terminate the defrost cycle cycle before the heater melts the frost. The thermistor thermistor is telling the the board not to do defrost, so change it and verify that you get a valid temperature. • If it is biased biased towards towards a low temperatur temperature, e, the defrost defrost will will run for a long time, time, and it will time out, and the system will run defrost too often. • A new installation installation is set from the factory to defrost the refrigerator after 8 hours of compressor run time.
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Electronic Refrigerator Fans
Fresh Food Fan
Freezer Fan
Not available on all models.
Condenser Fan
Main Electroni Electronic c Board J2 Connector Connector - Fans
The main board will sense a temperature need through the Thermistors, as discussed previously. Then the main board will send a PWM signal to the specific fan motor that needs to operate. Most fan motors are wired to the main b oard through the J2 connector. Each fan has a power supply circuit circuit and a signal circuit.
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Fan Operation Fans in the electronic refrigerators are DC fans and they operate on what we call Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Each fan is pulsed with voltage (frequency) (frequency) to operate that specific fan motor motor and can operate at different speeds depending on the PWM signal supplied to that fan motor. The pulses can not be measured with a voltmeter because the pulse has an ON point and an OFF point (see the chart below). A voltmeter will average the ON and OFF points to read what we call “effective “effective voltage” voltag e” and that is what the chart below shows. shows. The slower the fan speed, the longer the OFF point will be, the faster the fan speed the longer the ON point will be; and for the fastest speed the PWM is constant.
Main Electroni Electronic c Board J2 Connector Connector - Fans Most fans receive supply voltage through the J2 pin 8 supply circuit as long as the refrigerator is connected to AC power. The supply voltage can be measured by placing your meter leads across J2 pin 8 and J2 pin 3. You should read 12vdc. The presence of this voltage does NOT indicate that a fan should be operating.
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Main Electroni Electronic c Board J2 Connector Connector - Fans Fan operation begins when the main board sends a “signal” voltage to the specific fan motor that needs to operate. This “signal” voltage is read between the J2 pin 3 and J2 pin pin 5 for the condenser fan, J2 pin 3 and J2 pin 4 for the evaporator fan, and J2 pin 6 and J2 pin 8 for the fresh food fan. The voltage will depend on what speed the fan motor is supposed to operate at and the voltages will vary between 4vdc up to 12vdc.
Main Electroni Electronic c Board J2 Connector Connector - Fans Some fan motors send an RPM signal back to the main board, this signal lets the board monitor the fan speed. If this signal is not detected by the main board, the main board will default the fan to a fixed speed. This DC voltage feedback can be read from the RPM wire to the fan common connection.
Not all models use an RPM feed back, the schematic will show (RPM) for the feedba ck wire.
Main Electroni Electronic c Board J2 Connector Connector - Fans In some cases a fan motor can fail and take down the 12vdc supply on the main board. If the refrigerator is not running and this voltage check fails; remove the J2 connector from the main board. If the refrigerator compressor starts, suspect a bad fan motor. You can isolate the condenser fan by unplugging it directly and then reinstall the J2 connector. If the refrigerator stops running, the evaporator fan is shorted, if not the condenser fan is shorted.
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