Francis Turbine Dimensions

APPENDIX K

TURBINE & GENERATOR

Determination of Size and Capacitie for T!r"ine T!r"ine and Generator 

#$

DESIGN BASIC CONDITIONS 1. a.

Pond ondage age wa water ter le level vel

High water level Normal operating water level Low operating water level 1. b. b.

Tail wa water ter le level

Tail water level for 1000 Tail water level for overload "6# m 3$%e&' (a). Tail water level with 3 *nit% operation "60 m 3$%e&' Lowe%t operating level at one *nit operation "+0 m 3$%e&' Lowe%t tail water level for 10 m3$%e& 1. &.

%$

1047.50 m 1046.00 m 1034.00 m

!05.45 m !01.#7 m !01.6! m !00.!3 m !00.57 m

Head

Net he head at at op operation of of 1 *nit wi with +0 +0 m3 m3$%e& di di%&harge Net he head at at op operatio tion of of 3 *nit% wi with 60 60 m3 m3$%e $%e& di di%&harge ,ate ,ated d Net Net head head for for ope opera rati tion on of 3 *nit *nit% % at at f*l f*lll loa load d wit with h min min.. -perating level "(-L'

+44.1! m +37.+4 m +++. +++.7+ 7+3 3m

1. d.

60.0 m3$%e&

/e%ign /i%&harge

PANT CA CAPACIT'

The in%talled &apa&it i% determined from rated di%&harge and net rated head a% &omp*ted b the following e*ation P 2 #.!1 HηTη here P 2 Power o*tp*t "'  2 /i%&harge of plant "m3$%e&' H 2 ,ated net head "meter' 2 T*rbine effi&ien& ηT 2 enerator effi&ien& η n &al&*lating the re*ired t*rbine and generator power o*tp*t% the following val*e% of effi&ien& are &on%idered ba%ed on the e)perien&e e)perien&e data available and Hdra*li& t*rbine &hara&teri%ti& effi&ien& &*rve% "89,' T*rbine

#3:

enerator

#!:

;or given de%ign flow of 60.0 m 3$%e& and ,ated net head of +++.7+3 m and &on%idering plant effi&ien&ie% effi&ien&ie% of 0.#114 the o*t p*t i%< P

2 2 2

#.!1=60=+++.7+3=0.#114 11#47!  1+0.00 ( ">ppro).'

($

NU)BER O* UNITS

Three t*rbine generating *nit% are %ele&ted ba%ed on the inter&onne&ting of power %%tem fle)ibilit of  operation and maintenan&e %&hed*le of the *nit% tran%portation of e*ipment and the total &o%t inve%ted in the pro?e&t. +$

TURBINE SE SEECTION

%ing %ing t*rbin t*rbine e %ele& %ele&tio tion n &hart &hart atta&h atta&hed ed below below for the rated rated net head head of +++.7 +++.7+ + meter meter and and de%ig de%ign n di%&harge 60 m 3$%e& 3 No of identi&al ;ran&i% t*rbine with verti&al %haft arrangement i% the preferred &hoi&e for the pro?e&t.

,$

TURBINE OUTPUT The t*rbine o*tp*t "Pt' i% &al&*lated a% follow%< Pt 2 #.!1  Hn ηT

here Pt 2  2 2

T*rbine o*tp*t "' /i%&harge for one *nit "m3$%e&' +0m3$%e&

Hn

2 2

,ated net head "meter' +++.7+3 m

ηT

2 2

T*rbine effi&ien& #3 :

2 2

#.!1= +0 = +++.7+3 = 0.#3 4063!.!3 

Th*% Pt

Therefore the t*rbine o*tp*t i% 41( ">ppro).' *or O-er.oad of #,/0 ,ated nit at at e enerator Terminal

 >t t*rbine %haft power power "Pt'

1$

2

45406.7+ @

2

463+!.67@ 463+!.67@

SPECI*IC I*IC SPEED AN AND S' S'NC2RONOUS SP SPEED

The rated t*rbine %peed i% 375 rpm with 16 pole% whi&h i% the highe%t appli&able %peed within the limit of  the t*rbine %peed i% %ele&ted. ,e&ent ,e&ent pra&ti&e pra&ti&e i% to adopt adopt higher higher %pe&ifi& %pe&ifi& %peed% and thi% will in&rea%e in&rea%e %n&hrono* %n&hrono*% % %peed. %peed. The e*ipment %iAe will be %maller and it% weight will be red*&ed maing it more e&onomi&al.

Now the a&t*al %pe&ifi& %peed of t*rbine at rated net head i% obtained b following form*la%  N  *

 Pt 

N%

2

Pt

2 2

T*rb T*rbin ine e o*tp o*tp*t *t "' "' 463+!.67 

Hn

2 2

,ated net head "meter' +++.7+ m

N

2 2

%n&hrono*% %peed 375 rpm

N%

2

1.25

 Hn

here

375 *

46329 1.25

222.72

2 3$

!7.!6 mB 

TURBINE SETTING

The t*rbine %etting %ho*ld be %ele&ted to minimiAe &avitation% and ind*&e nat*ral t*rbine venting. 9efore the %ele&tion of di%trib*tor &enterline of ;ran&i% t*rbine% %tati& draft head %ho*ld be determined b taing into a&&o*nt the &avitation% &hara&teri%ti&% d*ring ma&hine operation. The &avitation &oeffi&ient "Ca' i% e)pre%%ed b the following form*la 2

4

2"5 Ca62d

H%

2

8*&tio 8*&tion n head head in meter meter "di%ta "di%tan&e n&e betwe between en the di%tri di%trib* b*tor tor &enter &enter line line above above (TL' (TL'

Hb

2

HaBHv

Ha

2

atmo tmo%ph %pheri& ri& pre pre%%* %%*re at %ite "m' "m'

Hv

2

8at* 8at*ra rate ted d water ater vapo vaporr pre% pre%%* %*re re at %ite %ite "m' "m'

Hd

2

,ated head &on%idered for t*rbine "m'

2

+37.+4 m

here

Thoma% Cavitation fa&tor Ca

2

0.04655

ater Dapor Dapor Pre%%*re w.r.t. w.r.t. Temperat*re Temperat*re at +0oC "Hr'  >tmo%pheri& Pre%%*re Pre%%*re w.r. w.r.t. t. altit*de "Ha'

2 2

0.+3! m #.4++ m E(TL at !00.57 mF

Th*%

2"

4 2 2

2a 7 2#.4++ G 0.+3! #.1!4 m&

 >nd

2

2 2

#.1!4B0.04655=+37.+4 B1.!# m

2 2

/i%t /i%tan an&e &e betw betwee een n the the %pir %piral al &a%e &a%e &ent &enter er and and r*nn r*nner er blad blade e low lower part part 0.67 m

her here e b

The elevation of the t*rbine &enter "%piral &a%e &enter' line i% &al&*lated a% follow%< Tc. Tc.

4

859 #$%( m "e.o: )in$ T;

8o 8etting elevation of t *rbine

<$

2

!00.57 G 1.+3

2

7##.34 m

RUNA;A' SPEED

The r*nawa %peed differ% among man*fa&t*rer% be&a*%e of variation% in the de%ign of t*rbine% and generator%. ;or lih* we &on%idered 1.! time% of normal %peed i.e. 375 rpm. 8o

Nf 

4

13, rpm

=$

DI)ENSION O* RUNNER

The a&t*al prototpe r*nner %iAe i% determined b the man*fa&t*rer in a&&ordan&e with model te%t% and de%ign de%ign &riteria. &riteria. T*rbine% T*rbine% b differen differentt man*fa&t* man*fa&t*rer% rer% var %lightl %lightl in di%&harg di%&harge e diameter diameter for a given given generating &apa&it even when the %peed i% fi)ed.  >%%*med dimen%ion dimen%ion of t*rbine "89,' "89,' Peripheral velo&it &oeffi&ient "velo&it ratio' @*

2

0.46+6

,*nner di%&harge diameter /3

2

1.56 m

ntran&e diameter of r*nner  /1

=$

2

+.3 m.

SPIRACASE DI DI)ENSION

The dimen%ion% of the %piral &a%e depend mainl on the water velo&it at the inlet %e&tion. The main dimen%ion% of the %piral &a%ing &an be a%%*med from following relation% ">% per 89,'. >ll dimen%ion% are in proportion% of r*nner di%&harge diameter "/3'.  >

2

+.4 m

9

2

+.0+ m

C

2

+.10 m

/3

2

1.56 m



2

3.5! m

;

2

3.40 m



2

+.#6 m

I

2

+.6# m

@

2

+.!! m

-

2

3.33 m

(

2

0.+5 m

J1

2

1.#1 m

J+

2

1.6! m

J3

2

1.35 m

J4

#>$

2

0.#! m

DRA*T TU TUBE DI)ENSIONS

ater ter vel velo&it &it at draf raft t* t*be inlet let %e& %e&ti tio on D1 2 N

2

6.00 m

-

2

3.7! m

,

##$

2

11.4 m$% m

%$+.4# m



2

1.30 m

P

2

+.05 m

D

2

+.66 m



2

0.70 m

K

2

4.6# m

T

2

+.36 m

8

2

10. 7! m

CAP CAPACIT' CIT' O* O?E O?ER2 R2EA EAD D TRA TRA? ?EIN EING G CRA CRANE

The ma)im*m lifting &apa&it of the powerho*%e overhead &rane i% determined b being ba%ed on the weight of the rotor in&l*ding the lifting beam. ro

2

10+ ton%

Total lifting load i% e%timated at appro)imatel at 1+5 ton%. However the rated &rane &apa&it have to be modified after the a&t*al weight% of rotor and lifting beam nown from the main e*ipment %*pplier.