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Plan The main aim of our research was to develop a novel cream formulation consisting of Garlic oil for the treatment of secondary skin infections. Prologue Topical route is most suitable route for skin infections. The development of topical drug del
Formulation in Psychology and Psychotherapy
Hiroshi Iwata
•
Kunio Shimada
Formulas, Ingredients and Production of Cosmetics Technology Products in
of Skin- and Hair-Care
Japan
^ Springer
Contents
Part I 1
Ingredients and Productions of Cosmetics
Developing the Formulations 1.1
Parts of the
1.1.2
Efficacies and Effects
4
1.1.3
Purpose of Use
4
1.1.4
Method of Use
6
Properties
Body
'.
and Product Forms
1.2.3
Ingredients
for
Giving
6 the Product Form
for Stabilizing the Products
6
Ingredients Ingredients for Giving Efficacies,
7
Effects, and Concepts
7
1.2.4
2
4
6
Constituents of Cosmetics 1.2.2
1.4
3
1.1.1
1.2.1
1.3
3
Classification and Categories of Cosmetics
1.1.5
1.2
of Cosmetics
Ingredients Acting on the Senses of Users Categories of Cosmetics and Product Forms
7
8
1.3.1
Toilet Soaps and Cleansers
8
1.3.2
Shampoos
8
1.3.3
Conditioners
1.3.4
Creams
1.3.5
Leave-on Hair Care Products
1.3.6
Cosmetics
1.3.7
Facial Toner
Points
to
Note for
8 10
Mainly Consisting
Using Ingredients
10 of Oil
10 11
in Cosmetics
13
Raw Materials of Cosmetics
21
2.1
21
Oils 2.1.1
Hydrocarbons
22
2.1.2
Vegetable Oils and Fats
25
2.1.3
Waxes
27
ix
Contents
X
2.2
2.1.4
Esters
32
2.1.5
34
2.1.6
Higher Alcohols Fatty Acids
2.1.7
Silicones
39
Surfactants
39
2.2.1
Anionic Surfactants
40
2.2.2
Cationic Surfactants
50
2.2.3
2.3
2.2.4
Tertiary Amphoteric
2.2.5
Nonionic Surfactants
Surfactants
57 60
67
Polymers 2.3.1
Structure of
2.3.2
Purposes of Using Polymers Dissolving Polymers
67
Polymers
68
76
Glycols
77
2.4.1
78
Kinds of
Glycols Purposes of Using Glycols
2.4.2 2.5
55
Amines
2.3.3 2.4
36
Other
78 80
Ingredients
2.5.1
2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4
for
Giving Efficacies, Effects, and Concepts
Ingredients Coloring Agents
80
Scenting Agents Ingredients for Stabilizing Products
81
81 81
References 3
86
Emulsions 3.1
Designing 3.1.1
3.2
87 the Formulations of Emulsions
88 89
3.1.2
Selecting
3.1.3
Selecting Oily Constituents
Factors
87
Formulation of Emulsifiers
Surfactants
Affecting Viscosity
and
91
Stability
and Preventive Measures 3.2.1
94
Separation and Viscosity
Increase
High Temperatures Separation and Viscosity
Increase
94
at
3.2.2
at the Room
3.3
Temperature
3.2.3
Effects of Salts
3.2.4
Factors
Causing
94
'.
95
Destabilization of Emulsions
97
Emulsification
98
3.3.1
Emulsification Method
98
3.3.2
Emulsification Device
99
3.3.3
Conditions of Emulsification
99
Reference 4
102
Sensory Properties
of Cosmetics
4.1
Sensory Properties
Expressions 4.1.1
of
Classification of
Expressions
103 :..
103 104
Contents
x'
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1 4.3
4.3.2 4.3.3
5
105
Evaluation
Points to Note in Human Sensory Evaluation
Sensory Properties of Alkyl 4.3.1
Part II
104
Favored Senses
Sensory
Sensory Properties
105
108
Groups
of Oils
108
of Surfactants
109
Sensory Properties Sensory Properties of Glycols
110
Formulas and Productions of Cosmetics
Practice of Designing Cosmetics Formulations 5.1
114 114
5.1.1
Combinations of
5.1.2
Toilet
5.1.3
Cream
Soaps
115
5.1.4
Liquid Soaps Viscous Soaps Cleansing Cosmetics
115
5.1.5 5.1.6 5.2
113
Soaps and Cleansers
Ingredients and Products
114
Soaps
Shampoos 5.2.1 Purposes
117 118
i
120
Shampoo Formulation and Constituents
of
5.2.2
Anionic Surfactants
121
5.2.3
Amphoteric Surfactants
122
5.2.4
Cationic
122
5.2.5
Polymers Pearlizing Agents
5.2.6
Influence of Salts
5.2.7
Thickeners and Bubble Stabilizers
5.2.8
Ingredients
5.2.9
Efficacious
126 130 ,
5.2.11
130
and
131
Conceptual Components Acidity Regulators Sensory Evaluation of Shampoo
5.2.12 Methods of 5.2.13
Components
Sensory Characteristics of Conditioners Adjusting the Viscosity of Conditioners
5.3.3
Basic
5.3.5
Prescriptions and Constituents
131
132 132
139 140 141
Sensory Prescriptions of Conditioners of Various Sensory
148
Characteristics
153
Evaluation
157
Skin Creams 5.4.1
131
139
5.3.2
5.3.4
5.4
Adding Scenting Agents
Designing Shampoo Formulations
Hair Conditioners
5.3.1
130
for Improving the Feel of Use
5.2.10 Stabilizers, Preservatives, and
5.3
120
Constituents of Skin Creams of
Constituents
157 157
5.4.2
Investigation
5.4.3
Selection of Emulsifiers
159
5.4.4
Addition of
163
5.4.5
Selection of Glycols
Oily
Polymers
164
Contents
xii
5.5
5.6
5.4.6
Formulation of Low-Viscosity Creams
164
5.4.7
Formulation of Gel Creams
165
5.4.8
Formulation of Massage Creams
166
Leave-On Hair Care Cosmetics
167
5.5.1
Hair Creams
167
5.5.2
Cationic Hair Conditioners
171
5.5.3
Hair Waxes
173
5.5.4
Hair Gels
181
5.5.5
Hair Mist Liquids
192
5.5.6
Hair Oils
Cosmetics 5.6.1
5.7
198
Mainly Consisting
200
of Oils
Characteristics and Techniques for Designing Formulations
200
5.6.2
Liquid Oil
201
5.6.3
Solid and
Cosmetics
204
Stick-Type Cosmetics
208
Facial Toner Characteristics of Facial Toner
5.7.1
Sensory Safety of Ingredients 5.7.3 Properties and Constituents of Facial Toner Cosmetics not Containing Specific Ingredients 5.8.1 Transparent Shampoo Consisting of Ingredients of Vegetable Origin 5.7.2
