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FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FOREIGN NOTICES OP SOUTH INDIA FROM MEGASTHENES TO MA HUAN
COLLECTED AMD EDITED
BY K. A.
NILAKANTA
SASTRI, MJL,
Professor of Indian History and Archaeology, University of Madras.
UNIVERSITY OP MADRAS 1939
naam AT
m
a. 0.
ram,
i
PREFACE Its aim handy form the numerous Foreign Notices of South India including Ceylon scattered in several books and
This
is
is
a source-book of Early South Indian History.
to present in a
journals published
general reader.
by learned
Societies not easily accessible to the
In some cases the passages selected for inclusion
have been specially rendered into English from French translations of Arabic or Chinese originals.
The sources included here comprise mainly Greek and
Latin,
Arabic, Chinese and Persian authors; but not being acquainted I have based this work altogether modern European languages. Though the
with their several languages,
upon
translations into
collection is not exhaustive, I believe nothing of importance has
The reasons
been omitted.
for the choice of the extracts
and
their
importance to students of South Indian History are briefly explained in the Introduction and notes, and will, I trust, be borne out by the extracts themselves. I
with
acknowledge
great
Dr. N. Venkataramanayya,
pleasure
who gave me
the
assistance
of
the transliteration of
proper names occurring in Ibn Battuta and also some of the notes to the same author and of Miss K. M. Sowmini, who made some ;
of the translations
French
from French and checked the references
to
periodicals,
Excepting Ibn Battuta, I have generally retained the forms of proper names as they appear in the authorities I have used.
For permission to include extracts I am indebted to M. Paul Toung Pao, for Nos. II, IX, XI, XVI, XXIV,
Pelliot, Directeur,
XXXII, XXXUI, XXXIV A-B VI and XII A i to
for Nos. HI, IV,
;
to Archibald R. Maclean, Esq., iii,
B and C, and to the High Com-
missioner for India, London, for procuring this permission
Commercial Museum, for Clarendon Press, Oxford, for Nos. VTU and
Director, Philadelphia
V and VH XV B-D;
;
;
to the
to the
to the
General Secretary, Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, for X, Society,
Xm
and Appendix IV; to the Secretary, Royal Asiatic for XTV, XXXIV C-D; to the Librarian,
London,
Sodet6 Asiatique, Paris, for XV A, XVIH, XXX A-BB, C-ii, Appendix i, ii and ill; to Secretaire General, Llbraire Ernest Leroux, Paris, for
XV E;
to the Directeur,
BJLF.KO., Hanoi,
for
FOREIGN NOTICES
vi
XVU
Dr. A. Rouhier of Libraire et Editions, Vega, Paris, who ; to represents Editions Bossard, for XIX ; to Messrs. Kegan Paul, to the Honorary Secretary, Hakluyt Trench Trubner & Co., for ;
now
XX
XII A iv, XXH, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII, XXXI and to Messrs. John Murray, London, for XXV. Extracts No. XXI and XXIX are from publications issued under the auspices of the Governments of Burma and France. Finally, Extract No. XXIII is from Chau Ju-kua (Hirth and Society, London, for XXX, C-i and
;
published by the Imperial Academy of Sciences, with whom or whose representatives no communica-
Rockhill)
St. Peterburg,
be established. Extract No. I contains matter which appeared in the Indian Antiquary (Vol. VI) and was also published in book form by Messrs. Thacker Spink & Co. and is included with the permission of Mr. C. E. A. W. Oldham on behalf of the Indian Antiquary. tion could
;
My Madras I
thanks are due to the Syndicate of the University of work in the University Historical Series.
for including this
must
also
thank the G, S. Press for the speedy and excellent
execution of the work.
Department of Indian History, University Buildings, Madras, 20 September, 1939.
K. A. N.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Periodical*,
de
Bulletin
Frangaise D'ExtrSme-Orient
1'ttcole
(BEFEO),
Hanoi. Indian Historical Quarterly (IHQ), Calcutta.
Journal of Oriental Research (JOR), Madras.
Journal of the
Asiatic
(Royal)
(JASB),
Bengal
Society,
Calcutta.
Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (JRAS), London. Spolia Zeylanica
Colombo, Ceylon.
:
Toung Pao (TP), Leyden. Books and Monographs Adler, M.N.
The
:
Itinerary of
Benjamin
of Tudela,
London,
1907.
Asher, A.
:
The
Itinerary
(New York) Vols. Barbier de Meynard
and
I
,
of
Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela,
II.
Le Livre des Routes
:
et des Provinces
par Ibn-KHordadbeh, public, traduit et annote. (1865) Pages 1-127, 227-95, and 446-532.
J.A. 6
:
5
:
Si-Yu-Ki. Buddhist Records of the Western World, 2 Vols. in one, London, (n-d).
xfieal:
Bombay
Gazetteer
:
Vol.
I,
Parts
i
and
ii
(1896).
Bretschneider Mediaeval Researches from Eastern Asiatic Sources. Fragments towards the knowledge of the Geography and History of Central and Western Asia from the 13th to the 17th Century. 2 Vols. (Triibner's Oriental Series), :
London, 1910.
The Book of the Marvels of India, Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar Rngligfr Translation by L. Marcel Devic (The Golden Dragon :
library), London, 1928.
Kitab 'Ajayab-uUffind or Livre des Merveilles de Llnde, Texte Arabe par P. A. Van der Lith traduction Frangaise par L. Marcel Devic, Leide, 1883-1886.
Buzurg Ibn Shahriyar
:
;
History of Rome, London, 1936. and Gary Waxmington Hie Ancient Explorers, London,
Gary
:
:
1929.
FOREIGN NOTICES
viii
Memoire Compost a V epoque de
Chavannes:
la
sur les Religieux fiminents qui la loi dans les pays d'occident par Librairie Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1894.
Tang
dynastie chercher
Chavannes
Notes Additlonnelles sur
:
occidentaux, TP,
Day
les
Tou-kiue (Turks)
of the Perumals, or Cochin, Madras, 1863.
and
Defr&nery
I-Tsing.
5 (1904) pp. 1-110.
ii,
The Land
:
Present.
grande allerent
Its
Past and Its
Sanguinetti: Voyages D'Ibn Batoutah, Vol. Ill, 1855, Vol. IV, 1858.
(Societ6 Asiatique), Paris.
Ma Huan Re-examined. (Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen Afd. Letterkunde, Niewe Reeks, Deel xxxii No, 3) Amsterdam, 1933.
Duyvendak:
C
and Dowson
Elliot
Hie History
:
of India as told
by
its
own
Historians, 8 Vols,, London, 1867-77.
Ferrand:
Relations des Voyages et Textes Geographiques
Arabes, Persans et Turks Relatifs a TExtrSme-Orient du VIU au XVHI siecles. 2 Vols., Librairie Ernest Leroux, Paris, 1913-14.
Ferrand: Voyage du Marchand Arabe Sulayman en Inde et en Chine Re"dig en 851 suivi de remarques Par Abu
Zayd Hasan vers
916.
Paris, 1922.
Gibb:
Ibn Battuta, Travels in Asia and Africa 1325-1354, (Broadway Travellers) London, 1929.
(Giles
The Travels
:
of Fa-hsien, Cambridge, 1923.
Hervey de Saint Denys: Ethnographie des peuples etrangers a la Chine par Ma-Touan-Lin, Meridionaux, Geneve, 1883. Hirth and Rockhill, Chau Ju-kua His work on the Chinese and Arab Trade in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, :
entitled CJiii-fon-cfii. 1912.
Academy
of Sciences, St. Petersburg,
A
Record of the Buddhist Religion as practised in India and the Malay Archipelago (A.D. 671-695), tr. by
a-Tsing J.
Takakusu. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1896.
I-Tsing
Krom
k
:
Legge
:
:
:
Memoire, see Chavannes. Hindoe-Javaansche
Ffi-Hien's
Geschiedenis,
'S-Gravenhage
Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms, Clarendon
Press, Oxford, 1886.
BIBLIOGRAPHY L6vi, Sylvain:
Pour
1'historie
fa
du Ramfiyana, JA: 11: 11
(1918).
L6vi, Sylvain:
Ptoleme, Le Niddesa
et la Brhatkathfi, in
Etudts Asiatiques, 2 Vols.
Major: India in the Fifteenth Century, (Hakluyt Society) London, 1857. Ma-Touan-Lin See Hervey de Saint-Denys. :
KfcCrindle
Ancient India as Described by Megasthenes and
:
Arrian, Calcutta.
McCrindle
1877.
Ancient India as Described in Classical Litera-
:
ture, Westminster, 1901.
Topographia Christiana of Cosmas Indicopleustes, (Hakluyt Society) London, 1897. Commerce and Society, A Short History of Trade Oakeshott and its effect on Civilization. Oxford. 1936.
McCrindle
:
:
Les grands voyages maritimes Chinois,
Pelliot:
TP
xxix,
(1933) pp. 237-452.
Encore apropos des voyages de Tcheng Houo,
Pelliot:
TP
xxxii, (1936), pp. 210-22.
Relation des Voyages faits par les Arabes et les Persans dans 1'Inde et a la Chine dans le IX* si&le de l'ere chr&ienne. 2 Vols., Paris 1845.
Reinaud
:
Reinaud and Guyard:
Geographic D'Aboulfda, Vol.
Vol. Vol. H, Pi. i, Paris 1848 Stanislas Guyard, Paris 1883. ;
Ricci:
The Travels
of
II,
Pt.
ii,
I
continuation
Marco Polo (Broadway
and
by
Travellers),
London, 1931. Notes on the relations and trade of China with the Eastern Archipelago and the Coasts of the Indian Ocean during the fourteenth century, TP XV and XVI (1914 and
Rockhill
:
1915).
Rockhill
:
Hie Journey of William of Rubruck to the Eastern World 1253-55, (Hakluyt Society) London, 1900.
.Parts of the
'sachau: Alberuni's India (TrUbner's Oriental Series), 2 Vols. in one, Kegan Paul Trench, Trtibner & Co., Ltd.,
London, 1914. : Parthian Stations by* Isidore of Charax, an account of the overland trade route between the Levant and India
Schoff
in the first century B.C., Philadelphia, 1914.
FOREIGN NOTICES : Periplus o! the Outer Philadelphia, 1927.
Schoff
The Periplus
Schoff:
Sea by Marcian of Heradea.
of the Erythraean Sea,
New
York,
1912.
^mith
4 Early History of India, Oxford, 1924.
:
Spies (Otto):
An Arab
Account of India in the fourteenth on India from
century, being a translation of the chapters
patters
:
(Bonner
^ubh-ul-A'sha.
Al-Qalqashandi's Studien Heft 14).
Orientalische
Stuttgart, 1936.
On Ytian
Chwang's Travels in India (629-645 A.D.)
2 Vols. London, 1904-5. Mirabilia Descripta (The Wonders of the East) Friar Jordanus, (Hakluyt Society) London, 1863.
Yule:
by
Cathay and the Way Thither, 4 Vols. (Hakluyt Society), London, 1913-16. Yule and Cordier: The Book of Ser Marco Polo, 2 Vols, Messrs John Murray London 1903 Notes and Addenda by
Yule and Cordier:
;
Cordier,
London
1920.
CONTENTS PREFACE BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION I.
MEGASTHENES
m.
. .
..
44
1.
..
ii.
..
46 46
..
47
m
.. ..
THE SECOND CENTURY B.C.
STRABO:
(C)
ON
CALLUS'
EXPEDITION TO
ARABIA
AND
SAILINGS
TO INDIA
V.
..
48
.. >
48 52
THE FERXPLUS OF THE ERYTHRAEAN SEA
..
54
AELIAN: PEARL-FISHING
,
PLINY: (A) DESCRIPTION OF TAFROBANE (B) VOYAGES TO INDIA
.
VH. MARCIAN OF HERACLEA
Vm.
IX.
X. XI.
1
. .
PANDTAN (?) EMBASSY TO AUGUSTUS INDIAN EMBASSY TO AUGUSTUS (B) CEYLON
VI.
..
41 41 41 42
KANCZ AND CHINA
(A)
IV.
v vii
:
OF TAFBOBANZ L Or PANDYA 11. OF HERCULES AMD PANDAEA
n.
. .
..
FA-HIEN: (A) DAKSINA AND THE PIGEON MONASTERY (B) TAMKAUPTI AND CEYLON (C) CEYLON (D) PASSAGE TO JAVA