DESIGN, INSTALLATION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM 1. INTRODUCT INTRODUCTOR ORY Y ST STATEMENT
A fre fre sprin sprinkle klerr syste syste is !n !"ti#e !"ti#e fre fre pr$te pr$te"ti "ti$n $n e!s% e!s%re re,, "$nsistin& $' ! (!ter s%pply syste, pr$#i)in& !)e*%!te press%re !n) +$( +$( r!te r!te t$ ! (!te (!terr )ist )istri ri% %ti ti$n $n pipi pipin& n& syst syste e,, $nt$ $nt$ (-i" (-i"- fre fre sprinklers !re "$nne"te). Alt-$%&- -ist$ri"!lly $nly %se) in '!"t$ries !n) l!r&e "$er"i!l %il)in&s, -$e !n) s!ll %il)in& systes !re n$( !#!il!le !t ! "$st/e0e"ti#e pri"e. M!$r M!$r A Ste(! Ste(!rt rt 2!rris 2!rris$n $n $' t-e First irst En&in En&ineer eer 3$l%n $l%ntee teers rs $' L$n)$n in#ente) t-e frst sprinkler in 1456. 2$(e#er it (!s %ntil 1476 (-en (-en 2enry 2enry S P!re !relee lee $' C$ C$nn nne"t e"ti"% i"%tt $' 8SA pr$) pr$)%" %"e) e) t-e frst frst (i)e (i)ely ly %se) %se) !%t$ !%t$! !ti ti" " spri sprink nkle lerr (it(it- -e!t -e!t sens sensit iti# i#e e )e#i )e#i"e "e,, t-!t t-!t sprinklers e"!e (i)ely %se) '$r fre pr$te"ti$n. T-r$%&-$%t t-is 19: ye!r ye!rs, s, !ny !ny r%le r%les, s, "$)e "$)es, s, re&%l e&%l!t !ti$ i$ns ns !n) !n) st!n st!n)! )!rr)s -!#e -!#e een een pr$)%"e) pr$)%"e) '$r !%t$!ti" !%t$!ti" sprinkler inst!ll!ti$ns, frstly st!rte) y t-e fre ins%r!n"e !ss$"i!ti$ns !n) l!ter y n!ti$n!l !%t-$rities. T-e fre ins%r!n"e "$p!ny $0ers !n !nn%!l prei% re)%"ti$n t$ t-e t-e %il %il)i )in& n& $(ne $(nerr '$r '$r ! pr$p pr$per erly ly inst inst!l !lle le) ) (it(it- !n !%t$ !%t$! !ti ti" " sprinkler syste. T-is prei% re)%"ti$n "$%l) e !s -i&- !s 6:;, pr$#i)e pr$#i)e) ) t-!t $t-er $t-er fre s!'ety 'e!t%re 'e!t%res s s%"- !s "$p!rt "$p!rtent ent!ti$ !ti$n, n, p$rt!le fre e
1
O#er t-e ye!rs, fre sprinklers -!#e e"$e !n)!t$ry s!'ety e*%ipent in "ert!in $""%p!n"ies, in"l%)in&, %t n$t liite) t$ ne(ly "$nst "$nstr% r%"te "te) ) -$spi -$spit!l t!ls, s, s"-$$ s"-$$ls, ls, -$tel -$tels s !n) $t-er $t-er p%li p%li" " %il %il)in )in&s, &s, s%e"t t$ t-e l$"!l %il)in& "$)es !n) en'$r"eent. 2$(e#er, $%tsi)e 194 $' t-e 8S !n) C!n!)!, sprinklers !re r!rely !n)!te) y %il)in& "$)es '$r n$r!l -!>!r) $""%p!n"ies (-i"- )$ n$t -!#e l!r&e n%ers $' $""%p!nts ?e.&. '!"t$ries, pr$"ess lines, ret!il $%tlets, petr$l st!ti$ns et"@.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE THE ENGINEERING ENGINEERING REPOR REPORT T
T-e !i $' t-is en&ineerin& en&ineerin& rep$rt rep$rt is t$ !i) y 'ell$( e"-!ni"!l en&ineers t$ le!rn !n !ppr$!"- $n t-e )esi&n, inst!ll!ti$n, $per!ti$n !n) !inten!n"e $' fre sprinkler syste '$r ! )$rit$ry.
3. IMPOR IMPORT TANCE OF THE THE ENGINEERING ENGINEERING REPORT REPORT
T-e rep$rt rep$rt (ill e
in& !n) p%p si>e !se) $n NFPA 19 )esi&n "riteri!. 2$tel !n) $tel fre sprinkler syste inst!ll!ti$ns $pen %p $pti$ns t$ )esi&ners n$t !l(!ys !#!il!le '$r $t-er type $' $""%p!n"ies. T-ey !re !ls$ "!p!le "!p!le $' pr$#i)i pr$#i)in& n& !))iti$ !))iti$n!l n!l "-!llen "-!llen&es &es n$t seen in typi"!l typi"!l $"e %il)in&s, (!re-$%ses !n) er"!ntile $""%p!n"ies. I' y$% "!n t!ke !)#!nt!&e !)#!nt!&e $' t-e !))iti$n!l )esi&n $pti$ns (-ile keepin& t-e "$st $' t!"klin& t-e %ni*%e "-!llen&es t$ ! ini%, $st $' t-e !si"s re!in t-e s!e !s '$r !ny $t-er fre pr$te"ti$n syste )esi&n. Sprin Sprinkle klerr syste systes s '$r !ll -$tel -$tels s !n) !n) $tel $tels s "!n e )esi& )esi&ne ne) ) %n)er NFPA 19, St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Sprinkler Systes. All -$tels !n) $tels %p t$ '$%r st$ries in -ei&-t "!n e )esi&ne) per NFP NFPA 19R, 19R, St!n St!n)! )!r) r) '$r '$r t-e t-e Inst Inst!l !ll! l!ti ti$n $n $' Spri Sprink nkle lerr Syste Systes s in Resi)enti!l O""%p!n"ies %p t$ !n) In"l%)in& F$%r St$ries in 2ei&-t
=
4. LIMIT LIMITA ATION OF THE ENGINEERING ENGINEERING REPOR REPORT T
T-e sprinkler systes !re )esi&ne) t$ )e!l !inly (it- s$li)/'%el fres, %t "!n ser#e !ls$ t$ -$l) ! +!!le/li*%i) fre in "-e"k !n) t$ e>les@ "!p!le $' p!ssin& t-e )esi&n +$( r!tes $' (!ter !n) )istri%tin& t-e (!ter !s ! spr!y, $#er t-e !re! t$ e pr$te"te). 5. A )ete"t$r, $r )ete"t$r syste, "!p!le $' !"t%!tin& t-e fre f&-tin& pr$t pr$te"t e"ti$n i$n syste syste. . T-e T-e )ete"t )ete"t$r $r "!n e t-e t-e sprin sprinkle klerr itsel' itsel' $r $t-er $t-er )ete"ti$n )e#i"e syste. 7. Ot-er 'e!t%res in"l%)e +$( )ete"t$rs, press%re s(it"-es '$r st!rtin& p%ps, !n) "$ntr$l si&n!l $nit$rin& !l!r p!nels et".
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5. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROPER 5.1 •
Desi! De"!i#i$!s A%#$&'#i( S)*i!+,e*. A fre s%ppressi$n $r "$ntr$l )e#i"e t-!t
$per!tes !%t$!ti"!lly (-en its -e!t/!"ti#!te) eleent is -e!te) t$ its t-er!l r!tin& $r !$#e, !ll$(in& (!ter t$ )is"-!r&e $#er ! spe"ife) !re!. •
B'#-*$$&. Bit-in ! )(ellin& %nit, !ny r$$ $r "$p!rtent
"$nt!inin& ! l!#!t$ry )e)i"!te) t$ pers$n!l -y&iene, $r ! (!ter "l$set, $r !t-in& "!p!ility s%"- !s ! s-$(er $r t%, $r !ny "$in!ti$n $' '!"ilities t-ere$'. •
Cei,i! Hei-#. T-e )ist!n"e et(een t-e +$$r !n) t-e %n)ersi)e
$' t-e "eilin& !$#e ?$r r$$' )e"k@ (it-in t-e !re!. •
F,'# Cei,i!. A "$ntin%$%s "eilin& in ! sin&le pl!ne.
•
H$*i$!#', Cei,i!. A "eilin& (it- ! sl$pe n$t e<"ee)in& = in 1=.
•
S,$)e/ Cei,i!. A "eilin& (it- ! sl$pe e<"ee)in& = in 1=.
•
S&$$#- Cei,i!. A "$ntin%$%s "eilin& 'ree 'r$ si&nif"!nt
irre&%l!rities, l%ps, $r in)ent!ti$ns. •
C$&)'*#&e!#. A sp!"e "$pletely en"l$se) y (!lls !n) !
"eilin&. T-e "$p!rtent en"l$s%re is peritte) t$ -!#e $penin&s t$ !n !)$inin& sp!"e i' t-e $penin&s -!#e ! ini% lintel )ept$' 4 in. ?=9 @ 'r$ t-e "eilin&. •
D*$)0O%# Cei,i!. A s%spen)e) "eilin& syste, (-i"- is inst!lle)
el$( t-e sprinklers, (it- liste) tr!nsl%"ent $r $p!*%e p!nels t-!t !re -e!t sensiti#e !n) '!ll 'r$ t-eir settin& (-en e
De,,i! U!i#. One $r $re r$$s !rr!n&e) '$r t-e %se $' $ne $r
$re in)i#i)%!ls li#in& t$&et-er, !s in ! sin&le -$%sekeepin& %nit 6
n$r!lly -!#in& "$$kin&, li#in&, s!nit!ry, !n) sleepin& '!"ilities. F$r p%rp$ses $' t-is st!n)!r), )(ellin& %nit in"l%)es -$tel r$$s, )$rit$ry r$$s, !p!rtents, "$n)$ini%s, sleepin& r$$s in n%rsin& -$es, !n) siil!r li#in& %nits. •
Fi*e C$!#*$,. Liitin& t-e si>e $' ! fre y )istri%ti$n $' (!ter s$
!s t$ )e"re!se t-e -e!t rele!se r!te !n) pre/(et !)!"ent "$%stiles, (-ile "$ntr$llin& "eilin& &!s teper!t%res t$ !#$i) str%"t%r!l )!!&e. •
Fi*e S%))*essi$!. S-!rply re)%"in& t-e -e!t rele!se r!te $' ! fre
!n) pre#entin& its re&r$(t- y e!ns $' )ire"t !n) s%"ient !ppli"!ti$n $' (!ter t-r$%&- t-e fre pl%e t$ t-e %rnin& '%el •
s%r'!"e. H/*'%,i(',, Desi!e/ Ss#e&. A "!l"%l!te) sprinkler syste in (-i"- pipe si>es !re sele"te) $n ! press%re l$ss !sis t$ pr$#i)e ! pres"rie) (!ter )ensity, in &!ll$ns per in%te per s*%!re '$$t ?in@, $r ! pres"rie) ini% )is"-!r&e press%re $r +$( per sprinkler, )istri%te) (it- ! re!s$n!le )e&ree $' %ni'$rity $#er ! spe"ife) !re!.
•
Pi)e S(-e/%,e Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste in (-i"- t-e pipe
si>in& is sele"te) 'r$ ! s"-e)%le t-!t is )eterine) y t-e $""%p!n"y "l!ssif"!ti$n !n) in (-i"- ! &i#en n%er $' sprinklers !re !ll$(e) t$ e s%pplie) 'r$ spe"if" si>es $' pipe. •
S&',, R$$&s. A r$$ $' li&-t -!>!r) $""%p!n"y "l!ssif"!ti$n
-!#in& %n$str%"te) "$nstr%"ti$n !n) +$$r !re!s n$t e<"ee)in& 4 't= ?76.9 =@ t-!t !re en"l$se) y (!lls !n) ! "eilin&. Openin&s t$ t-e !)$inin& sp!"e !re peritte) i' t-e ini% lintel )ept- is 4 in. ?=9 @ 'r$ t-e "eilin&. •
S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. F$r fre pr$te"ti$n p%rp$ses, !n inte&r!te)
syste
$'
%n)er&r$%n)
!n)
$#er-e!)
pipin&
)esi&ne) :
in
!""$r)!n"e
(it-
fre
pr$te"ti$n
en&ineerin&
st!n)!r)s.
T-e
inst!ll!ti$n in"l%)es $ne $r $re !%t$!ti" (!ter s%pplies. T-e p$rti$n $' t-e sprinkler syste !$#e&r$%n) is ! net($rk $' spe"i!lly si>e) $r -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne) pipin& inst!lle) in ! %il)in&, str%"t%re, $r !re!, &ener!lly $#er-e!), !n) t$ (-i"sprinklers !re !tt!"-e) in ! syste!ti" p!ttern. T-e #!l#e "$ntr$llin& e!"- syste riser is l$"!te) in t-e syste riser $r its s%pply pipin&. E!"- sprinkler syste riser in"l%)es ! )e#i"e '$r !"t%!tin& !n !l!r (-en t-e syste is in $per!ti$n. T-e syste is %s%!lly !"ti#!te) y -e!t 'r$ ! fre !n) )is"-!r&es (!ter $#er t-e •
fre !re!. Syste B$rkin& Press%re. T-e !
$r
+$(in&
press%re
!pplie)
t$
sprinkler
syste
"$p$nents e<"l%si#e $' s%r&e press%res. 5.2 •
T)es $ S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&s A!#i*eee S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A (et pipe sprinkler syste epl$yin& !%t$!ti" sprinklers t-!t
!re !tt!"-e) t$ ! pipin& syste t-!t "$nt!ins !n !nti'ree>e s$l%ti$n !n) t-!t !re "$nne"te) t$ ! (!ter s%pply. T-e !nti'ree>e s$l%ti$n is )is"-!r&e), '$ll$(e) y (!ter, ie)i!tely %p$n $per!ti$n $' sprinklers $pene) y -e!t 'r$ ! fre. Ci*(%,'#i! C,$se/0L$$) S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A (et pipe sprinkler syste -!#in& n$nfre pr$te"ti$n "$nne"ti$ns
t$ !%t$!ti" sprinkler systes in ! "l$se)/l$$p pipin& !rr!n&eent '$r t-e p%rp$se $' %tili>in& sprinkler pipin& t$ "$n)%"t (!ter '$r -e!tin& $r "$$lin&, (-ere (!ter is n$t re$#e) $r %se) 'r$ t-e syste %t $nly "ir"%l!te) t-r$%&- t-e pipin& syste. •
C$&i!e/ D* Pi)e0P*e'(#i$! S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste epl$yin& !%t$!ti" sprinklers !tt!"-e) t$ !
pipin& syste "$nt!inin& !ir %n)er press%re (it- ! s%ppleent!l 5
)ete"ti$n syste inst!lle) in t-e s!e !re!s !s t-e sprinklers. Oper!ti$n $' t-e )ete"ti$n syste !"t%!tes trippin& )e#i"es t-!t $pen )ry pipe #!l#es si%lt!ne$%sly !n) (it-$%t l$ss $' !ir press%re in t-e syste. Oper!ti$n $' t-e )ete"ti$n syste !ls$ $pens liste) !ir e<-!%st #!l#es !t t-e en) $' t-e 'ee) !in, (-i"%s%!lly pre"e)es t-e $penin& $' sprinklers. T-e )ete"ti$n syste !ls$ ser#es !s !n !%t$!ti" fre !l!r syste.
•
De,%e S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste epl$yin& $pen sprinklers t-!t !re !tt!"-e) t$
! pipin& syste t-!t is "$nne"te) t$ ! (!ter s%pply t-r$%&- ! #!l#e t-!t is $pene) y t-e $per!ti$n $' ! )ete"ti$n syste inst!lle) in t-e s!e !re!s !s t-e sprinklers. B-en t-is #!l#e $pens, (!ter +$(s int$ t-e pipin& syste !n) )is"-!r&es 'r$ !ll sprinklers !tt!"-e) t-eret$.
•
D* Pi)e S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste epl$yin& !%t$!ti" sprinklers t-!t !re
!tt!"-e) t$ ! pipin& syste "$nt!inin& !ir $r nitr$&en %n)er press%re, t-e rele!se $' (-i"- ?!s 'r$ t-e $penin& $' ! sprinkler@ perits t-e (!ter press%re t$ $pen ! #!l#e kn$(n !s ! )ry pipe #!l#e, !n) t-e (!ter t-en +$(s int$ t-e pipin& syste !n) $%t t-e $pene) sprinklers.
•
G*i//e/ S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste in (-i"- p!r!llel "r$ss !ins !re "$nne"te) y
%ltiple r!n"- lines. An $per!tin& sprinkler (ill re"ei#e (!ter 'r$ $t- en)s $' its r!n"- line (-ile $t-er r!n"- lines -elp tr!ns'er (!ter et(een "r$ss !ins.
7
•
L$$)e/ S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste in (-i"- %ltiple "r$ss !ins !re tie) t$&et-er
s$ !s t$ pr$#i)e $re t-!n $ne p!t- '$r (!ter t$ +$( t$ !n $per!tin& sprinkler !n) r!n"- lines !re n$t tie) t$&et-er. •
P*e'(#i$! S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste epl$yin& !%t$!ti" sprinklers t-!t !re
!tt!"-e) t$ ! pipin& syste t-!t "$nt!ins !ir t-!t i&-t $r i&-t n$t e %n)er press%re, (it- ! s%ppleent!l )ete"ti$n syste inst!lle) in t-e s!e !re!s !s t-e sprinklers.
•
e# Pi)e S)*i!+,e* Ss#e&. A sprinkler syste epl$yin& !%t$!ti" sprinklers !tt!"-e) t$ !
pipin& syste "$nt!inin& (!ter !n) "$nne"te) t$ ! (!ter s%pply s$ t-!t (!ter )is"-!r&es ie)i!tely 'r$ sprinklers $pene) y -e!t 'r$ ! fre.
5.3
De"!i#i$! $ Ss#e& C$&)$!e!#s
•
B*'!(- Li!es. T-e pipes in (-i"- t-e sprinklers !re pl!"e), eit-er
•
)ire"tly $r t-r$%&- risers. C*$ss M'i!s. T-e pipes s%pplyin& t-e r!n"- lines, eit-er )ire"tly
•
$r t-r$%&- risers. Fee/ M'i!s. T-e pipes s%pplyin& "r$ss !ins, eit-er )ire"tly $r t-r$%&- risers.
4
•
F,e6i,e Lis#e/ Pi)e C$%),i!. A liste) "$%plin& $r fttin& t-!t
!ll$(s !
H
•
Rise*s. T-e #erti"!l s%pply pipes in ! sprinkler syste. S)*i0%). A line t-!t rises #erti"!lly !n) s%pplies ! sin&le
•
sprinkler. S%)e*7is$* De7i(e. A )e#i"e !rr!n&e) t$ s%per#ise t-e
•
$per!ti#e "$n)iti$n $' !%t$!ti" sprinkler systes. Ss#e& Rise*. T-e !$#e&r$%n) -$ri>$nt!l $r #erti"!l pipe
•
et(een t-e (!ter s%pply !n) t-e !ins ?"r$ss $r 'ee)@ t-!t "$nt!ins ! "$ntr$l #!l#e ?eit-er )ire"tly $r (it-in its s%pply pipe@ !n) ! (!ter+$( !l!r )e#i"e.
5.4
T)es $ S)*i!+,e*
A""$r)in& t$ )esi&n !n) per'$r!n"e "-!r!"teristi"s.
•
E'*, S%))*essi$! F's#0Res)$!se 8ESFR9 S)*i!+,e*. A type $'
'!st/resp$nse sprinkler t-!t eets t-e "riteri! $' 9.5.1?!@?1@ !n) is liste) '$r its "!p!ility t$ pr$#i)e fre s%ppressi$n $' spe"if" -i&-/ "-!llen&e fre -!>!r)s.
•
E6#e!/e/ C$7e*'e S)*i!+,e*. A type $' spr!y sprinkler (it-
!
•
L'*e D*$) S)*i!+,e*. A type $' spe"if" !ppli"!ti$n "$ntr$l $)e
sprinkler t-!t is "!p!le $' pr$)%"in& "-!r!"teristi" l!r&e (!ter )r$plets !n) t-!t is liste) '$r its "!p!ility t$ pr$#i)e fre "$ntr$l $' spe"if" -i&-/"-!llen&e fre -!>!r)s. •
N$,es. A )e#i"e '$r %se in !ppli"!ti$ns re*%irin& spe"i!l (!ter
)is"-!r&e p!tterns, )ire"ti$n!l spr!y, $r $t-er %n%s%!l )is"-!r&e "-!r!"teristi"s.
1
•
O,/0S#,e:C$!7e!#i$!', S)*i!+,e* . A sprinkler t-!t )ire"ts 'r$
6 per"ent t$ 5 per"ent $' t-e t$t!l (!ter initi!lly in ! )$(n(!r) )ire"ti$n !n) t-!t is )esi&ne) t$ e inst!lle) (it- t-e )e+e"t$r eit-er %pri&-t $r pen)ent. •
O)e! S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler t-!t )$es n$t -!#e !"t%!t$rs $r -e!t/
resp$nsi#e eleents.
•
;%i(+0Res)$!se E'*, S%))*essi$! 8;RES9 S)*i!+,e*. A type $' *%i"k resp$nse sprinkler t-!t eets t-e "riteri! $'
9.5.1?!@?1@ !n) is liste) '$r its "!p!ility t$ pr$#i)e fre s%ppressi$n $' spe"if" fre -!>!r)s.
•
;%i(+0Res)$!se E6#e!/e/ C$7e*'e S)*i!+,e*. A type $' *%i"k/
resp$nse sprinkler t-!t eets t-e "riteri! $' 9.5.1?!@?1@ !n) "$plies (it- t-e e
;%i(+0Res)$!se 8;R9 S)*i!+,e*. A type $' spr!y sprinkler t-!t
eets t-e "riteri! $' 9.5.1?!@?1@ !n) is liste) !s ! *%i"k/resp$nse sprinkler '$r its inten)e) %se.
•
Resi/e!#i', S)*i!+,e*. A type $' '!st/resp$nse sprinkler t-!t eets
t-e "riteri! $' 9.5.1?!@?1@ t-!t -!s een spe"if"!lly in#esti&!te) '$r its !ility t$ en-!n"e s%r#i#!ility in t-e r$$ $' fre $ri&in !n) is liste) '$r %se in t-e pr$te"ti$n $' )(ellin& %nits.
•
S)e(i', S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler t-!t -!s een teste) !n) liste) !s
pres"rie) in 4.6.H.
•
S)e(i"( A)),i('#i$! C$!#*$, M$/e S)*i!+,e* 8$* S#$*'e Use9. A type $' spr!y sprinkler liste) !t ! ini% $per!tin& 11
press%re (it- ! spe"if" n%er $' $per!tin& sprinklers '$r ! &i#en pr$te"ti$n s"-ee.
•
S)*' S)*i!+,e*. A type $' sprinkler liste) '$r its "!p!ility t$
pr$#i)e fre "$ntr$l '$r ! (i)e r!n&e $' fre -!>!r)s. •
S#'!/'*/ S)*' S)*i!+,e*. A spr!y sprinkler (it- !
"$#er!&e !re!s !s spe"ife) in Se"ti$ns 4.5 !n) 4.7 $' NFPA 19.
1=
A(($*/i! #$ $*ie!#'#i$! .
•
C$!(e',e/ S)*i!+,e*. A re"esse) sprinkler (it- "$#er pl!tes.
•
F,%s- S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler in (-i"- !ll $r p!rt $' t-e $)y,
in"l%)in& t-e s-!nk t-re!), is $%nte) !$#e t-e l$(er pl!ne $' t-e "eilin&.
•
Pe!/e!# S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler )esi&ne) t$ e inst!lle) in s%"- !
(!y t-!t t-e (!ter stre! is )ire"te) )$(n(!r) !&!inst t-e )e+e"t$r.
•
Re(esse/ S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler in (-i"- !ll $r p!rt $' t-e $)y,
$t-er t-!n t-e s-!nk t-re!), is $%nte) (it-in ! re"esse) -$%sin&.
•
Si/e',, S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler -!#in& spe"i!l )e+e"t$rs t-!t !re
)esi&ne) t$ )is"-!r&e $st $' t-e (!ter !(!y 'r$ t-e ne!ry (!ll in ! p!ttern reselin& $ne/*%!rter $' ! sp-ere, (it- ! s!ll p$rti$n $' t-e )is"-!r&e )ire"te) !t t-e (!ll e-in) t-e sprinkler.
•
U)*i-# S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler )esi&ne) t$ e inst!lle) in s%"- !
(!y t-!t t-e (!ter spr!y is )ire"te) %p(!r)s !&!inst t-e )e+e"t$r. A(($*/i! #$ s)e(i', ')),i('#i$! $* e!7i*$!&e!#.
•
C$**$si$!0Resis#'!#
S)*i!+,e*.
A
sprinkler
'!ri"!te)
(it-
"$rr$si$n/resist!nt !teri!l, $r (it- spe"i!l "$!tin&s $r pl!tin&s, t$ e %se) in !n !t$sp-ere t-!t ($%l) n$r!lly "$rr$)e sprinklers.
19
•
D* S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler se"%re) in !n e
se!l !t t-e inlet en) t$ pre#ent (!ter 'r$ enterin& t-e nipple %ntil t-e sprinkler $per!tes.
•
I!#e*&e/i'#e
Le7e,
S)*i!+,e*:R'(+
S#$*'e
S)*i!+,e*.
A
sprinkler e*%ippe) (it- inte&r!l s-iel)s t$ pr$te"t its $per!tin& eleents 'r$ t-e )is"-!r&e $' sprinklers inst!lle) !t -i&-er ele#!ti$ns.
•
O*!'&e!#',:De($*'#i7e S)*i!+,e*. A sprinkler t-!t -!s een
p!inte) $r pl!te) y t-e !n%'!"t%rer.
5.5
C,'ssi"('#i$! $ O((%)'!#s
5.5.1 LIGHT HA
p$rti$ns $' $t-er $""%p!n"ies (-ere t-e *%!ntity !n)$r "$%stiility $' "$ntents is l$( !n) fres (it- rel!ti#ely l$( r!tes $' -e!t rele!se !re e
• • • • • • •
Cl%s E!#es !n) $#er-!n&s, i' $' "$%stile "$nstr%"ti$n (it- n$ "$%stiles ene!tE)%"!ti$n!l 2$spit!ls Instit%ti$n!l Lir!ries, e<"ept l!r&e st!"k r$$s M%se%s N%rsin& $r "$n#!les"ent -$es O"es, in"l%)in& )!t! pr$"essin& 16
• • • •
Resi)enti!l Rest!%r!nt se!tin& !re!s T-e!tres !n) !%)it$ri%s, e<"l%)in& st!&es !n) pr$s"eni%s 8n%se) !tti"s
5.5.2 ORDINARY HA
O*/i!'*
H''*/
8G*$%)
19.
Or)in!ry
-!>!r)
?Gr$%p
1@
$""%p!n"ies s-!ll e )efne) !s $""%p!n"ies $r p$rti$ns $' $t-er $""%p!n"ies (-ere "$%stiility is l$(, *%!ntity $' "$%stiles is $)er!te, st$"kpiles $' "$%stiles )$ n$t e<"ee) 4 't ?=.6 @, !n) fres (it- $)er!te r!tes $' -e!t rele!se !re e
• • • • • • • • •
A%t$$ile p!rkin& !n) s-$(r$$s !keries e#er!&e !n%'!"t%rin& C!nneries D!iry pr$)%"ts !n%'!"t%rin& !n) pr$"essin& Ele"tr$ni" pl!nts Gl!ss !n) &l!ss pr$)%"ts !n%'!"t%rin& L!%n)ries Rest!%r!nt ser#i"e !re!s
O*/i!'*
H''*/
8G*$%)
29.
Or)in!ry
-!>!r)
?Gr$%p
=@
$""%p!n"ies s-!ll e )efne) !s $""%p!n"ies $r p$rti$ns $' $t-er $""%p!n"ies (-ere t-e *%!ntity !n) "$%stiility $' "$ntents !re $)er!te t$ -i&-, st$"kpiles )$ n$t e<"ee) 1= 't ?9.7 @, !n) fres (it- $)er!te t$ -i&- r!tes $' -e!t rele!se !re e
• • • • •
Cere!l ills C-ei"!l pl!nts J $r)in!ry C$n'e"ti$nery pr$)%"ts Distilleries Dry "le!ners 1:
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Fee) ills 2$rse st!les Le!t-er &$$)s !n%'!"t%rin& Lir!ries J l!r&e st!"k r$$ !re!s M!"-ine s-$ps Met!l ($rkin& Mer"!ntile P!per !n) p%lp ills P!per pr$"ess pl!nts Piers !n) (-!r#es P$st $"es Printin& !n) p%lis-in& Rep!ir &!r!&es Resin !ppli"!ti$n !re! St!&es Te
5.5.3 E=TRA HA!r) ?Gr$%p 1@ $""%p!n"ies s-!ll
e )efne) !s $""%p!n"ies $r p$rti$ns $' $t-er $""%p!n"ies (-ere t-e *%!ntity !n) "$%stiility $' "$ntents !re #ery -i&- !n) )%st, lint, $r $t-er !teri!ls !re present, intr$)%"in& t-e pr$!ility $' r!pi)ly )e#el$pin& fres (it- -i&- r!tes $' -e!t rele!se %t (it- little $r n$ "$%stile $r +!!le li*%i)s.
•
• • • • • •
Air"r!'t -!n&ers ?e<"ept !s &$#erne) y NFPA 6H, St!n)!r) $n Air"r!'t 2!n&!rs@ C$%stile -y)r!%li" +%i) %se !re!s Die C!stin& Met!l ein& 15
• •
•
S!( ills Te
E6#*' H''*/ 8G*$%) 29. E!r) ?Gr$%p =@ $""%p!n"ies s-!ll
e )efne) !s $""%p!n"ies $r p$rti$ns $' $t-er $""%p!n"ies (it$)er!te t$ s%st!nti!l !$%nts $' +!!le $r "$%stile li*%i)s $r $""%p!n"ies (-ere s-iel)in& $' "$%stiles is e
• • • •
• • • •
Asp-!lt s!t%r!tin& Fl!!le li*%i)s spr!yin& Fl$( "$!tin& M!n%'!"t%re) -$e $r $)%l!r %il)in& !sselies ?(-ere fnis-e) en"l$s%re is present !n) -!s "$%stile interi$rs@ Open $il *%en"-in& Pl!sti"s pr$"essin& S$l#ent "le!nin& 3!rnis- !n) p!int )ippin&
17
5.> S)*i!+,e* 5.>.1 SPRIN?LER DISCHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
5.>.2 TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS
14
5.@ Desi! Re%i*e&e!#s
Syste re*%ireents !n) pipe si>es s-!ll e )eterine) %sin& -y)r!%li" "!l"%l!ti$ns prep!re) in !""$r)!n"e (it- NFPA St!n)!r)s 19 !n) 19 R. NFPA 19 / St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Sprinkler Systes !n) NFPA 19R / St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Sprinkler Systes. T$t!l )e!n) in"l%)in& -$se stre!s t$ e "!l"%l!te) (it- H; $' t-e !#!il!le (!ter s%pply press%re ?i.e. 1; $' t-e press%re reser#e) !s ! s!'ety '!"t$r@. 5.
Desi! Me#-$/$,$
1. Deterine t-e -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n. =. B!ter De!n) Re*%ireents J 2y)r!%li" C!l"%l!ti$n Met-$)s. 9. B!ter )e!n) re*%ireents 6. Pipe si>in& S"-e)%le :. 2y)r!%li" C!l"%l!ti$n 5.
B%i,/i! Fi*e H''*/ C,'ssi"('#i$!
G%est R$$s
Li&-t
C$rri)$rs
Li&-t
Meetin& R$$s
Li&-t
T$ilet R$$
Li&-t
Rest!%r!nt Se!tin&
Li&-t
Kit"-en
Or)in!ry Gr$%p 1
P!rkin& G!r!&e
Or)in!ry Gr$%p 1
Me"-!ni"!l R$$s
Or)in!ry Gr$%p 1
Ele"tri"!l R$$s
Or)in!ry Gr$%p 1
St$r!&e R$$s
Or)in!ry Gr$%p =
!llr$$
Or)in!ry Gr$%p = 1H
T-e !llr$$ in t-e -$tel is "l!ssife) !s !n $r)in!ry &r$%p = -!>!r), r!t-ert-!n ! li&-t -!>!r), e"!%se $""!si$n!lly t-e !llr$$ (ill e %se) !s !n e<-iiti$n sp!"e. I' t-e sprinkler syste pr$te"tin& t-e !llr$$ (ere )esi&ne) '$r ! li&-t -!>!r) $""%p!n"y, t-en t-e -$tel ($%l) n$t le&!lly e peritte) t$ %se t-e !llr$$ !s !n e<-iiti$n sp!"e. B-ile &r!spin& t-e "$n"ept $' sprinkler syste -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n is )i"%lt e"!%se $' t-e ipre"ise !nner in (-i"- t-e #!ri$%s -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$ns !re )efne), $n"e y$% e"$e "$'$rt!le (it- t-e "$n"ept, )eterinin& -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n is n$r!lly !n e!sy t!sk NFPA 19 2!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n. 5.1
'#e* De&'!/ Re%i*e&e!# H/*'%,i( C',(%,'#i$! Me#-$/s
T-e ini% (!ter s%pply re*%ireents '$r ! -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne) $""%p!n"y -!>!r) fre "$ntr$l sprinkler syste s-!ll e )eterine) y !))in& t-e -$se stre! )e!n) 'r$ T!le 11.=.9.1.1 t$ t-e (!ter s%pply '$r sprinklers )eterine) in 11.=.9.1.:. 5.1.1
HOSE STREAM DEMAND
=
5.1.2
DENSITY:AREA CURVES
T-e (!ter s%pply '$r sprinklers $nly s-!ll e )eterine) eit-er 'r$ t-e )ensity!re! "%r#es $' Fi&%re 11.=.9.1.: in !""$r)!n"e (it- t-e et-$) $' 11.=.9.= $r e !se) %p$n t-e r$$ )esi&n et-$) in !""$r)!n"e (it- 11.=.9.9, !t t-e )is"reti$n $' t-e )esi&ner. NFPA 19 St!n)!r).
5.1.3
SYSTEMS ITH MULTIPLE HA
F$r systes (it- %ltiple -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$ns, t-e -$se stre! )e!n) s-!ll e in !""$r)!n"e (it- $ne $' t-e '$ll$(in& ?1@A)) t-e -$se )e!n) '$r t-e -i&-est -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n (it-in t-e syste, $r ?=@A)) t-e -$se )e!n) '$r e!"- in)i#i)%!l -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$n t$ t-e "!l"%l!ti$ns '$r t-e )esi&n !re! '$r t-!t -!>!r), $r ?9@F$r systes (it- %ltiple -!>!r) "l!ssif"!ti$ns (-ere t-e -i&-er "l!ssif"!ti$n $nly lies (it-in sin&le r$$s less t-!n $r e*%!l t$ 6 't = in !re! (it- n$ s%"- r$$s !)!"ent, !)) t-e
=1
-$se )e!n) '$r t-e prin"ip!l $""%p!n"y '$r t-e re!in)er $' t-e syste. 5.1.4
RESTRICTIONS
Re&!r)less $' (-i"- $' t-e t($ et-$)s is %se), t-e '$ll$(in& restri"ti$ns s-!ll !pply ?1@F$r !re!s $' sprinkler $per!ti$n less t-!n 1: 't = ?19H =@ %se) '$r li&-t !n) $r)in!ry -!>!r) $""%p!n"ies, t-e )ensity '$r 1: 't= ?19H =@ s-!ll e %se). ?=@F$r !re!s $' sprinkler $per!ti$n less t-!n =: 't = ?=9= =@ '$r e!r) $""%p!n"ies, t-e )ensity '$r =: 't = ?=9= =@ s-!ll e %se).
5.11 H/*'%,i( C',(%,'#i$! P*$(e/%*es
5.11.1
GENERAL
A "!l"%l!te) syste '$r ! %il)in&, $r ! "!l"%l!te) !))iti$n t$ ! syste in !n ees s-!ll e n$ less t-!n 1 in. ?=:.6 @ n$in!l '$r 'err$%s pipin& !n) in. ?1H @ n$in!l '$r "$pper t%in& $r n$net!lli" pipin& liste) '$r fre sprinkler ser#i"e. T-e si>e $' pipe, n%er $' sprinklers per r!n"- line, !n) n%er $' r!n"- lines per "r$ss !in s-!ll $t-er(ise e liite) $nly y t-e !#!il!le (!ter s%pply. 2$(e#er, sprinkler sp!"in& !n) !ll $t-er r%les "$#ere) in t-is !n) $t-er !ppli"!le st!n)!r)s s-!ll e $ser#e). ==
=9
5.11. 2 FRICTION LOSS FORMULA
Pipe 'ri"ti$n l$sses s-!ll e )eterine) $n t-e !sis $' t-e 2!>en/Billi!s '$r%l!, !s '$ll$(s
1.85
p
4.52Q =
C 1.85 d 4.87
p 'ri"ti$n!l resist!n"e in psi per '$$t $' pipe Q +$( in GPM C 'ri"ti$n l$ss "$e"ient d !"t%!l intern!l )i!eter $' pipe in in"-es
F$r SI %nits, t-e '$ll$(in& e*%!ti$n s-!ll e %se) 1.4: Qm 7 C1.4:d6.47 1F m
pm = 5.F:
B-ere pm 'ri"ti$n!l resist!n"e in kP! per eter $' pipe Qm +$( in Lin C 'ri"ti$n l$ss "$e"ient dm !"t%!l intern!l )i!eter in
Ve,$(i#
P*ess%*e
F$*&%,'.
3el$"ity
press%re
s-!ll
)eterine) $n t-e !sis $' t-e '$ll$(in& '$r%l! =
pv
Q F.FF11=9 =
D6
B-ere
=6
e
pv #el$"ity press%re in psi ?SI 1 psi .54H !r 5.4H
kP!@ Q +$( in &p ?SI 1 &!l 9.74: L@ D insi)e )i!eter in in"-es ?SI 1 in. =:.6 @
N$*&', P*ess%*e F$*&%,'. N$r!l press%re ?Pn@ s-!ll e
)eterine) $n t-e !sis $' t-e '$ll$(in& '$r%l! pn = pt − pv
B-ere pn n$r!l press%re pt t$t!l press%re in psi ?!r@ pv #el$"ity press%re in psi ?!r@
5.11.3 HYDRAULIC JUNCTION POINTS
Press%res !t -y)r!%li" %n"ti$n p$ints s-!ll !l!n"e (it-in .: psi ?.9 !r@. T-e -i&-est press%re !t t-e %n"ti$n p$int, !n) t-e t$t!l +$(s !s !)%ste), s-!ll e "!rrie) int$ t-e "!l"%l!ti$ns. Press%re !l!n"in& s-!ll e peritte) t-r$%&- t-e %se $' ! K/ '!"t$r )e#el$pe) '$r r!n"- lines $r p$rti$ns $' systes %sin& K p = Q pF.:
5.11.4
E;UIVALENT
PIPE
LENGTHS
OF
VALVES
FITTINGS
=:
AND
T!le 16.6.9.1.1 ?NFPA 19, ==@ s-!ll e %se) t$ )eterine t-e e*%i#!lent len&t- $' pipe '$r fttin&s !n) )e#i"es %nless !n%'!"t%rers test )!t! in)i"!te t-!t $t-er '!"t$rs !re !ppr$pri!te.
Spe"if" 'ri"ti$n l$ss #!l%es $r e*%i#!lent pipe len&t-s '$r !l!r #!l#es, )ry pipe #!l#es, )el%&e #!l#es, str!iners, !n) $t-er )e#i"es s-!ll e !)e !#!il!le t$ t-e !%t-$rity -!#in& %ris)i"ti$n.
5.11.5
C0F'(#$*s.
T!le 16.6.9.1.1 s-!ll e %se) (it- ! 2!>en/Billi!s C '!"t$r $' 1= $nly. F$r $t-er #!l%es $' C, t-e #!l%es in T!le 16.6.9.1.1 s-!ll e %ltiplie) y t-e '!"t$rs in)i"!te) in T!le 16.6.9.= ?NFPA 19@.
=5
5.11.> ROOM DESIGN METHOD
B-ere t-e )esi&n is !se) $n t-e r$$ )esi&n et-$), t-e "!l"%l!ti$n s-!ll e !se) $n t-e r$$ !n) "$%ni"!tin& sp!"e, i' !ny, t-!t is -y)r!%li"!lly t-e $st )e!n)in&.
5.11.@ MA=IMUM PROTECTION AREA OF COVERAGE 8LIGHT AND ORDINARY HA
=7
T-e !
=4
5.11. MINIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE
Mini% $per!tin& press%re $' !ny sprinkler s-!ll e 7 psi ?.: !r@.
=H
5.11.
PIPE SCHEDULES
S"-e)%le '$r Li&-t 2!>!r) O""%p!n"ies
S"-e)%le '$r Or)in!ry 2!>!r) O""%p!n"ies
9
5.11.1 H/*'%,i( Desi! C',(%,'#i$!
91
9=
99
96
9:
95
97
5.12
'#e* T'!+ Sii!
8se Li&-t 2!>!r) (it- 9 in )%r!ti$n. T$t!l De!n) $' Sprinkler Syste =56.45: GPM 9 GPM Si>e $' B!ter T!nk ?9 GPM@?9 in@ H &!l 94
5.13
Fi*e P%&) Se,e(#i$!
Sele"t p%p %sin& -ttpsr"(!pp.
Ele"tri" Fire P%p
8se 4=4=.5F P%&) M$/e,. •
$"key P%p Sele"ti$n
8se 1; et-$) in si>in& $"key P%p ini%. Mini% =.: &p 2e!) 4 < 1665=.6 14: 't -ttpt-p%ps."$si>in&.-tl
9H
F$r =.: GPM, %se E41 T41 B
T-en B!ter +$( r!te =.79 &p 2e!) 14: 't E"ien"y 94.:; -p .99 -p M$t$r -p .99 -p .94: .4:71 -p %se 1. -p
6
>.
SPECIFICATION >.1
Fi*e P%&)
T-ere !re t($ types $' st!n)!r) fre p%p %se) '$r t-e pr$te"ti$n ser#i"e, t-e "entri'%&!l !n) t-e #erti"!l t%rine type, eit-er -$ri>$nt!l $r #erti"!l $%nte) !re peritte) t$ $t!in (!ter $n p$siti#e s%"ti$n -e!) $nly. T-e #erti"!l t%rine type is pr!"ti"!lly s%it!le '$r fre p%p ser#i"e (-en t-e (!ter is l$"!te) el$( &r$%n) (-ere it ($%l) e )i"%lt t$ inst!ll !ny $t-er type $' p%p el$( t-e ini% (!ter le#el. Diesel en&ine )ri#e (-en %se) t$ )ri#e eit-er "entri'%&!l $r #erti"!l t%rine fre p%p s-!ll e spe"if"!lly liste) '$r fre p%p ser#i"e y t-e testin& l!$r!t$ries. En&ines s-!ll e !""ept!le '$r -$rsep$(er r!tin& (it- liste) "$ntr$llers !n) st!n)!r) !""ess$ries, s%"- !s !n&le &e!r )ri#e, &$#ern$r, $#er spee) s-%t)$(n )e#i"es, t!"-$eter, $il press%re &!&e, teper!t%re &!&e, instr%ent p!nel, '!"t$ry (irin&, ele"tri"!l st!rter, t($ ?=@ sets $' !tteries (it- !ttery "-!r&er, en&ine "$$lin& e<"-!n&er syste, '%el t!nk, e<-!%st %er !n) $t-ers. Press%re !inten!n"e $r $"key p%p s-!ll -!#e r!te) "!p!"ities n$t less t-!n !ny n$r!l le!k!&e r!te. T-ey s-!ll -!#e )is"-!r&e press%re s%"ient t$ !int!in t-e )esire) fre pr$te"ti$n syste press%re.
>.2
S)*i!+,e* '!/ A((ess$*ies
A. Ge!e*',
1. Mini% sprinkler $rif"e si>e s-!ll e 1= in"-. =. Sprinklers in n$n/p%li" sp!"es s%"- !s e"-!ni"!lele"tri"!l e*%ipent, !n) st$r!&e r$$s !n) sprinklers $n e
61
9. Sprinklers !n) es"%t"-e$ns in fnis-e) !re!s t$ -!#e p$lis-e) r!ss $r (-ite fnis- $r fnis- !s n$te) $n pl!ns. 6. Style, si>e, !n) teper!t%re r!tin& t$ e type spe"if"!lly !ppr$#e) '$r s%"- %se. :. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss %ls t$ e $' !ll $ne "$l$r '$r ! &i#en teper!t%re "l!ssif"!ti$n. 5. F$r e!"- sprinkler style, !ll sprinklers t$ e $' s!e type ?'%sile link $r &l!ss %l@. B. U)*i-# S)*i!+,e*s
1. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l $r '%sile s$l)er!ll$y st!n)!r) resp$nse. =. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l *%i"k resp$nse. 9. F%sile s$l)er!ll$y *%i"k resp$nse. 6. Inst!ll!ti$n style !. E
1. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l $r '%sile s$l)er!ll$y st!n)!r) resp$nse. =. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l *%i"k resp$nse. 9. F%sile s$l)er!ll$y *%i"k resp$nse. 6. Inst!ll!ti$n style !. E
1. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l $r '%sile s$l)er!ll$y st!n)!r) resp$nse. =. T-er$sensiti#e &l!ss/%l *%i"k resp$nse. 9. F%sile s$l)er!ll$y *%i"k resp$nse. 6. N$r!l $r e
6=
E. H$*i$!#', Si/e',, S)*i!+,e*s
1. T-er$ sensiti#e
&l!ss/%l $r '%sile
s$l)er!ll$y st!n)!r)
resp$nse. =. T-er$ sensiti#e &l!ss/%l *%i"k resp$nse. 9. F%sile s$l)er!ll$y *%i"k resp$nse. 6. N$r!l $r e
G. S)'*e S)*i!+,e* C'i!e# B!ll $%nte). St$r!&e "!p!"ity $' n$t
less t-!n ini% )esi&n!te) y NFPA 19. H. S)*i!+,e* *e!(- T$ !t"- style !n) r!n) $' sprinklers %se)
Sprinklers s-!ll e inst!lle) in !""$r)!n"e (it- NFPA 19. T-ese s-!ll e l$"!l Fire $"ers !ppr$#e), pen)!nt &l!ss %l sprinklers r!te) '$r 7H )e&ree C. '$r sprinklers $%nte) in n$n !ir "$n)iti$ne) !re!s !n) 54 )e&ree C. '$r sprinklers $%nte) in !ir "$n)iti$ne) !re!s, !n) s%it!le '$r !
@.
INSTALLATION OF FIRE SPRIN?LER SYSTEM
69
PREPARATION
Ens%re "$n"rete !ses !re pr$#i)e) '$r +$$r $%nte) e*%ipent. INSTALLATION
A. Inst!ll Fire Pr$te"ti$n Syste in "$pli!n"e (it- !ppli"!le NFPA st!n)!r)s ?!s re'eren"e) y t-e !%t-$rity -!#in& %ris)i"ti$n. . Pipe !n) Fittin&s 1. A""ept!le pipe "$nne"ti$n et-$)s S"-e)%le 6 C%t &r$$#es $r t-re!)e). =. A""ept!le pipe si>e re)%"ers !. Re)%"in& fttin&s. . T!pere) re)%"ers. 9. C$p!ni$n +!n&es $r re)%"in& &r$$#e) "$%plin&s !re %n!""ept!le. 6. Inst!ll pipin& !s '$ll$(s, %nless n$te) $t-er(ise !. P!r!llel t$ (!lls. . A$#e s%spen)e) "eilin&s. ". e-in) (!lls. :. G!l#!ni>e) pipe !n) fttin&s !. 8se (-ere ein& $n pipe !n) fttin&s. 5. L!el pipin& !ppr$pri!tely. C. Pipe S%pp$rts Inst!ll -!n&ers in "$pli!n"e (it- Se"ti$n 1:16 !n) NFPA 19 ?!s re'eren"e) y t-e !%t-$rity -!#in& %ris)i"ti$n@. All pipe -!n&ers $lts, n%ts, (!s-ers !n) $t-er -!r)(!re t$ e -$t )ippe) &!l#!ni>e) "$nstr%"ti$n '$r %se !t t-e "$$lin& t$(ers. All
66
$%t)$$r pipin& t$ e -$t )ippe) &!l#!ni>e) "$nstr%"ti$n (it- !ll t-re!)s "$!te) t$ pre#ent "$rr$si$n 'r$ $%t)$$r eleents. D. Pipe Slee#es !n) Se!ls Inst!ll slee#es !n) se!ls in "$pli!n"e (it- Se"ti$n 1:16. E. Dr!ins Pr$#i)e )r!in!&e '!"ilities !s '$ll$(s !. In !""$r)!n"e (it- NFPA st!n)!r)s, !n) !s in)i"!te). . Dr!in entire syste y &r!#ity. ". Dr!in si>e n$t less t-!n 96 in"-. ). Pr$#i)e nipple !n) "!p $r r!ss pl%& '$r systes $r p!rti!l systes $' : &!ll$ns $r less. e. Pr$#i)e #!l#e !n) pl%& '$r systes $r p!rti!l systes $' $re t-!n : &!ll$ns.
F. C$ntr$l 3!l#es 1. $lt p$siti$n $n l%&&e) %tter+y #!l#es t$ !ll$( re$#!l $' )$(nstre! pipin&. G. Sprinklers 1. 8nless n$te) $t-er(ise, pr$#i)e sprinkler types !s in)i"!te) $n )r!(in&s. =. Inst!ll sprinklers in fttin&s !'ter pipin& is in pl!"e. 9. Inst!ll e
.
OPERATION OF FIRE SPRIN?LER SYSTEM
A fre sprinkler syste is ! net($rk $' "$n"e!le) pipes s%pplyin& (!ter t$ sprinkler -e!)s l$"!te) !t str!te&i" p$siti$ns (it-in t-e pr$perty, !n) its !ss$"i!te) !l!r syste. T-e )esi&n $' t-e fre sprinklers !ll$(s t-e syste t$ resp$n) !%t$!ti"!lly t$ ! &r$(in& fre !n) "$ntr$l it e'$re it "!n )e#el$p t$ t-e p$int !t (-i"- li#es !re en)!n&ere) !n) seri$%s )!!&e is )$ne t$ t-e pr$perty. H$ /$es #-e ss#e& $*+
A fre sprinkler syste "$prises ! n%er $' sprinkler -e!)s, set eit-er in t-e "eilin& $r -i&- $n t-e (!ll, !n) !tt!"-e) t$ pipe ($rk %s%!lly "$nne"te) t$ t-e )$esti" !ins (!ter s%pply !n) !n !l!r syste. Sprinkler -e!)s "$nt!ins ! e"-!nis (-i"- is sensiti#e t$ -e!t !n) (-i"-, !t ! pre)eterine) teper!t%re ?%s%!lly 54V C@, rele!ses ! pl%& !ll$(in& (!ter t$ es"!pe. T-e +$( $' (!ter in t-e syste tri&&ers !n !%)i$/#is%!l !l!r (-i"- "!n e -e!r) $t- insi)e !n) $%t. T-e (!ter is )ire"te) $nt$ ! )i0%ser (-i"- is )esi&ne) t$ n$t $nly re!k %p t-e (!ter int$ )r$plets $' ! spe"if" si>e, it !ls$ )ire"ts t-e spr!y t$ "$#er ! spe"if" +$$r !n) (!ll !re!. E!"- sprinkler -e!) is in)i#i)%!lly !n) )ire"tly !"ti#!te) y t-e -e!t 'r$ t-e fre. In t-e !$rity $' fres %st $ne sprinkler -e!) is tri&&ere) !n) t-!t is s%"ient t$ )e!l (it- t-e fre. Resi)enti!l fre sprinkler -e!)s !re r!te) !s *%i"k resp$nse -e!)s !n) it is t-is spee) $' re!"ti$n t-!t &i#es t-e syste its !ility t$ )e!l (it- fres (-en t-ey !re s!ll !n) $re e!sily "$ntr$ll!le. B-en "$p!re) t$ $t-er fre )ete"ti$n e*%ipent t-e !)#!nt!&e t-is spee) $' re!"ti$n "re!tes is %ltiplie) y t-e '!"t t-!t t-e sprinkler syste is !"t%!lly st!rtin& t$ "$ntr$l t-e fre !t !$%t t-e s!e p$int in tie !s ! "!ll ($%l) n$r!lly e !)e t$ t-e Fire ri&!)e. Tie is ! #it!l '!"t$r in )e!lin& (it- fres.
65
.
MAINTENANCE AND TESTING OF FIRE SPRIN?LER SYSTEM
I!#*$/%(#i$!
B-en pr$perly inst!lle) !n) !int!ine), !%t$!ti" fre sprinkler systes -!#e pr$#en t$ e t-e $st e0e"ti#e e!ns '$r pr$te"tin& li'e !n) pr$perty !&!inst fre. In re"$&niti$n $' t-eir e<"ellent tr!"k re"$r) in "$ntr$llin& t-e spre!) $' fre, $t- st!te "$)es !n) n!ti$n!l st!n)!r)s $0er fre sprinklers !s ! "$st/e0e"ti#e !ltern!ti#e t$ eetin& !ny $' t-eir !se "$)e re*%ireents. A l$t is ri)in&, t-ere'$re, $n ! sprinkler systes !ility t$ $per!te !n) '%n"ti$n pr$perly. S$ %"- s$, in '!"t, t-!t st!te l!( pr$-iits t-e $""%p!n"y $' !ny p$rti$n $' ! %il)in& %ntil t-e re*%ire) s%ppressi$n syste -!s een teste) !n) !ppr$#e). F%rt-er, it re*%ires t-!t s%"- systes e !int!ine) in !n $per!ti#e "$n)iti$n !t !ll ties !n) e rep!ire) $r repl!"e) (-en )e'e"ti#e. In $r)er t$ eet $t- "ertif"!ti$n re*%ireents !n) li"ens%re re*%ireents, !%t$!ti" fre sprinkler systes !re re*%ire) t$ e inspe"te), teste) !n) !int!ine) in !""$r)!n"e (it- NFPA =:, St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inspe"ti$n,
Testin&,
!n)
M!inten!n"e
$' B!ter/!se)
Fire
Pr$te"ti$n
Systes.. B-ile t-e pr$#isi$ns in t-is e)iti$n $' t-e st!n)!r) !ppli"!le t$ fre sprinkler systes !re #ery siil!r t$ t-$se '$%n) in t-e 1HH4 e)iti$n, y$%ll fn) t-!t t-e == e)iti$n "$nt!ins $re restri"ti#e testin& re*%ireents '$r )ry sprinklers !n) sprinklers s%e"te) t$ -!rs- en#ir$nents. A)),i('#i$!
It %st e n$te) t-!t t-is )$"%ent is inten)e) t$ ser#e !s ! *%i"k/ re'eren"e &%i)e $nly !n) is n$t inten)e) t$ e !ll/in"l%si#e. It "$#ers $st, %t n$t !ll, $' t-e inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e re*%ireents 67
!ppli"!le t$ fre sprinkler systes. S$e '!"ilities !y -!#e !))iti$n!l e*%ipent n$t "$#ere) in t-is &%i)e. It is ip$rt!nt, t-ere'$re, t-!t t-e %ser -!#e !""ess t$, !n) e"$e '!ili!r (it- !ll t-e re*%ireents '$%n) in, NFPA =:. Ss#e& #)es
T-e re*%ireents "$nt!ine) in NFPA =: !re !se) $n t-e type $' sprinkler syste inst!lle). T-e t($ types $st "$$nly '$%n) in -e!lt-"!re $""%p!n"ies !re (et pipe !n) )ry pipe sprinkler systes. S$e %il)in&s "$nt!in $t- types $' systes ! (et pipe syste in -e!te) !re!s !n) ! )ry/pipe syste in %n-e!te) !re!s. Siply p%t, ! (et pipe sprinkler syste is ! pipin& syste "$nt!inin& (!ter s$ !rr!n&e) t-!t (!ter )is"-!r&es ie)i!tely 'r$ sprinklers !"ti#!te) y -e!t 'r$ ! fre. A )ry pipe sprinkler syste is ! pipin& syste "$nt!inin& !ir $r nitr$&en %n)er press%re s$ !rr!n&e) t-!t %p$n !"ti#!ti$n $' ! sprinkler, t-e (!ter press%re $pens ! #!l#e !ll$(in& (!ter t$ +$( int$ t-e pipe !n) $%t t-e $pene) sprinkler. De"!i#i$!s
In $r)er t$ '$ll$( t-e re*%ireents $' t-e st!n)!r), its ip$rt!nt t$ -!#e ! &$$) %n)erst!n)in& $' (-!ts e!nt y Winspe"ti$nU, Wtestin&U !n) W!inten!n"eU. T-$se ters !re )efne) in NFPA =:?H4@, Se". 1/: !s '$ll$(s see !ls$ NFPA =:?=@, Se". 9.9 X I!s)e(#i$!. A #is%!l e
inten)e) y "$n)%"tin& peri$)i" p-ysi"!l "-e"ks s%"- !s (!ter +$( tests, fre p%p tests, !l!r tests, !n) trip tests $' )ry/pipe #!l#es. T-ese tests
64
'$ll$( %p $n t-e $ri&in!l !""ept!n"e test !t inter#!ls spe"ife) in t-e !ppr$pri!te "-!pter $' NFPA =:. X M'i!#e!'!(e. B$rk per'$re) t$ keep e*%ipent $per!le $r t$ !ke rep!irs. Pe*s$!!e, %',i"('#i$!s
It is t-e '!"ilitys resp$nsiility t$ ens%re t-!t $nly pr$perly tr!ine) !n) "$petent pers$ns per'$r inspe"ti$ns, testin& !n) !inten!n"e $n its fre sprinkler syste. NFPA =: siply st!tes, WT-ese t!sks s-!ll e per'$re) y pers$nnel
(-$
-!#e
)e#el$pe)
"$peten"e3t-r$%&-
tr!inin&
!n)
e
A n%er $' re*%ireents !pplie) t$ ! -e!lt-"!re '!"ilitys fre pr$te"ti$n systes !re !se) $n t-e !&e !n) )!te $' inst!ll!ti$n $' t-$se systes. Bit-$%t !n !""%r!te (ritten -ist$ry $' t-e fre pr$te"ti$n syste?s@ in y$%r '!"ility, it "!n e )i"%lt t$ pr$#e t$ ! st!te $r 'e)er!l li'e s!'ety s%r#ey$r t-!t t-$se systes !re ein& !int!ine) in !""$r)!n"e (it!ppli"!le st!te !n) 'e)er!l st!n)!r)s. T-is "!n res%lt in freli'e s!'ety )ef"ien"ies ein& "ite). T%rn$#er $' !)inistr!ti#e !n)$r !inten!n"e pers$nnel $nly ser#e t$ "$p$%n) t-e pr$le. One $' t-e est (!ys t$ )e!l (it- t-is is t$ "re!te !n) !int!in !n -ist$ri"!l l$& $n y$%r syste?s@. As (it- %st !$%t !nyt-in&, t-e -!r)est p!rt $' "re!tin& !n -ist$ri"!l l$& is &ettin& st!rte) !'ter t-!t, its ! !tter $' keepin& it %p/t$/)!te. !si" *%esti$ns t-!t nee) t$ e !ns(ere) in"l%)e • •
B-en (!s t-e syste initi!lly inst!lle) B-$ inst!lle) it Bere !ny !))iti$ns, $)if"!ti$ns $r rep!irs !)e t$ t-e syste B-en B-$ )i) t-e ($rk
6H
Its ip$rt!nt t$ n$te t-!t "ert!in "-!n&es !)e t$ y$%r %il)in& "$%l) ne"essit!te $)if"!ti$ns t$ y$%r fre pr$te"ti$n syste. T-in&s t$ (!t"- '$r in"l%)e "$nstr%"ti$n $r re$#!l $' (!lls !n) inst!ll!ti$n $' s%"- t-in&s !s )r$p/in "eilin&s, ne( s%spen)e) li&-t f
A)),i(',e s#'!/'*/s
1. Spe"if" re*%ireents rel!tin& t$ t-e inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e $' fre sprinkler systes "!n e '$%n) in X C-!pters = !n) H $' t-e 1HH4 e)iti$n $' NFPA =: X C-!pters : !n) 1= $' t-e == e)iti$n $' NFPA =: =. Spe"if" re*%ireents rel!tin& t$ t-e inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e $' fre p%ps "!n e '$%n) in X C-!pter : $' t-e 1HH4 e)iti$n $' NFPA =: X C-!pter 4 $' t-e == e)iti$n $' NFPA =: S)e(i"( Re%i*e&e!#s
T-e inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e re*%ireents t-!t !pply t$ y$%r %il)in&s fre sprinkler syste st!rt 'r$ t-e )!te $' initi!l inst!ll!ti$n !n) "$ntin%e $n !t spe"if" inter#!ls t-r$%&-$%t t-e li'e $' t-e syste. B-!t '$ll$(s is ! rie' syn$psis $' s$e $' t-e !$r re*%ireents y$% nee) t$ e !(!re $'. Ne i!s#',,'#i$!s
In $r)er t$ eet $t- 'e)er!l "ertif"!ti$n re*%ireents !n) st!te li"ens%re re*%ireents, !%t$!ti" fre sprinkler systes !re re*%ire) t$ e inst!lle) in !""$r)!n"e (it- NFPA 19, St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Sprinkler Systes. All ne(ly inst!lle) fre sprinkler systes !re re*%ire) t$ eet spe"if" !""ept!n"e re*%ireents, s%"- !s +%s-in& $' fre ser#i"e !ins !n) testin& :
$' $t- %n)er&r$%n) !n) !$#e&r$%n) pipin& see NFPA19?HH. T-ese ser#i"es %st e pr$#i)e) y li"ense) "$ntr!"t$rs. M$!#-,
T-e '$ll$(in& $nt-ly inspe"ti$ns "!n e per'$re) y '!"ility st!0 1. 3is%!lly inspe"t "$ntr$l #!l#es t$ ens%re t-!t t-ey !re X X X X X X
In t-e n$r!l $pen p$siti$n A""essile Pr$perly se!le) L$"ke) !n)$r s%per#ise) Free 'r$ le!ks Pr$#i)e) (it- !ppr$pri!te
si&n!&e
i)enti'yin&
t-e
p$rti$n $' t-e syste t-ey "$ntr$l =. 3is%!lly inspe"t &!%&es $n (et pipe systes t$ #eri'y t-!t t-ey !re in &$$) "$n)iti$n !n) t-!t n$r!l (!ter press%re is ein& !int!ine). 9. 3is%!lly inspe"t &!%&es $n )ry pipe systes t$ #eri'y t-!t t-ey !re in &$$) "$n)iti$n !n) t-!t n$r!l !ir !n) (!ter press%re !re ein& !int!ine). N$#e B-ere !ir press%re is n$t s%per#ise) !t ! "$nst!ntly !tten)e) l$"!ti$n,
t-ese &!%&es nee) t$ e inspe"te) $n ! (eekly !sis.
:1
;%'*#e*,
1. T-e '$ll$(in& *%!rterly inspe"ti$ns !re in !))iti$n t$ t-$se re*%ire) $nt-ly !n) "!n e per'$re) y '!"ility st!0 !. F$r -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne) sprinkler systes, inspe"t t-e -y)r!%li" n!epl!te t$ #eri'y t-!t its se"%rely !tt!"-e) t$ t-e sprinkler riser !n) is le&ile. N$te M$st ne(ly inst!lle) fre sprinkler systes !re n$( -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne). . Inspe"t !l!r )e#i"es t$ #eri'y t-!t t-ey !re 'ree $' p-ysi"!l )!!&e. ". Inspe"t fre )ep!rtent "$nne"ti$ns t$ #eri'y t-!t X T-ey !re #isile !n) !""essile X C$%plin&s $r s(i#els !re n$t )!!&e) !n) r$t!te X X X X X
s$$t-ly Pl%&s $r "!ps !re in pl!"e !n) n$t )!!&e) G!skets !re in pl!"e !n) in &$$) "$n)iti$n I)entif"!ti$n si&ns !re in pl!"e T-e "-e"k #!l#e is n$t le!kin& T-e !%t$!ti" )r!in #!l#e is in pl!"e !n) $per!tin& pr$perly
=. Bit- pr$per tr!inin& t-e '$ll$(in& *%!rterly tests "!n e per'$re) y '!"ility st!0 !. Test t-e (!ter+$( !l!r $n (et pipe sprinkler systes y $penin& t-e inspe"t$rs test "$nne"ti$n. T-is si%l!tes t-e $penin& $' ! sprinkler -e!). N$te B-ere 'ree>in& (e!t-er "$n)iti$ns $r $t-er "ir"%st!n"es pr$-iit t-e %se $' t-e inspe"t$rs test "$nne"ti$n, t-e yp!ss "$nne"ti$n is !ll$(e) t$ e %se).
:=
. Test t-e (!ter+$( !l!r $n )ry pipe sprinkler systes y %sin& t-e yp!ss "$nne"ti$n. C!%ti$n Openin& t-e inspe"t$rs test "$nne"ti$n "!n "!%se t-e syste t$ trip !""i)ent!lly, !ll$(in& t-e pipes t$ fll (it- (!ter !n) "re!tin& ! p$tenti!l '$r ! seri$%s 'ree>e pr$le. A!!%',,
In !))iti$n t$ t-e $nt-ly !n) *%!rterly inspe"ti$ns !n) tests, NFPA =: -!s #ery )et!ile) !n) spe"if" inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e ser#i"es t-!t nee) t$ e per'$re) $n !n !nn%!l !sis. e"!%se $' t-eir "$ple
t-ere is ! sprinkler (ren"- '$r e!"- type $' sprinkler. A "-e"k $' !ll sprinklers, -!n&ers, pipe !n) fttin&s Testin& $' t-e !in )r!in Testin& $' !ny !nti'ree>e s$l%ti$n %se) Testin& !n) !inten!n"e $' #!l#es
Dry pipe sprinkler systes re*%ire s$e !))iti$n!l testin& !n) !inten!n"e. Priin& (!ter le#el, l$( press%re !l!rs !n) *%i"k/$penin& )e#i"es %st e teste). An !nn%!l trip test is !ls$ re*%ire). L$! #e*&
1. A '%ll +$( trip test is re*%ire) '$r )ry pipe sprinkler systes e#ery 9 ye!rs see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". H/6.6.=.=.1 $r NFPA =:?=@, Se". 1=.6.6.=.=.=. =. Sprinkler syste &!%&es typi"!lly -!#e ! li'e e
per"ent $' t-e '%ll s"!le %st e re"!lir!te) $r repl!"e) see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". =/9.= $r NFPA =:?=@, Se". :.9.=. 9. Syste "-e"k #!l#es %st e inspe"te) intern!lly e#ery : ye!rs t$ #eri'y t-!t !ll "$p$nents "$p$nents $per!te pr$perly, $#e 'reely !n) !re in &$$) "$n)iti$n see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". H/6.=.1 $r NFPA =:?=@, Se". 1=.6.=.1. 6. T-e 1HH4 e)iti$n $' NFPA =: -!s spe"if" re*%ireents )e!lin& (it- testin& $' sprinkler -e!)s t-!t -!#e een in ser#i"e '$r !n e i>e e t-e t-e ip$rt!n"e $' kn$(in& t-e -ist$ry $' y$%r '!"ilitys fre sprinkler syste, ($%l) in"l%)e !. Sprinklers !n%'!"t%re) pri$r t$ 1H= %st e repl!"e). . Represe epresent nt!ti !ti#e #e s!pl s!ples es $' s$l)er s$l)er/ty /type, pe, ee >e) ) test testin in& & l!$ l!$r! r!t$ t$ry ry.. S%"S%"- test tests s !re !re re*%ire) t$ e repe!te) !t 1/ye!r inter#!ls. e. Sprinklers in ser#i"e '$r 7: ye!rs !re re*%ire) t$ e repl!"e) $r repr epresen esent! t!ti ti#e #e s!p s!ple les s s% s%it itte te) ) '$r '$r test testin in&. &. Retes etesti tin& n& is t-en t-en re*%ire) !t :/ye!r inter#!ls. :6
:. T-e == == e)it e)iti$ i$n n $' NFP NFPA =: -!s -!s t-e t-e '$ll '$ll$( $(in in& & !))i !))iti ti$n $n!l !l test testin in& & re*%ireents see NFPA =:?=@, Se". :.9.1 !. Dry sprinklers t-!t -!#e een in ser#i"e '$r 1 ye!rs %st e teste) $r repl!"e). T-ey %st e reteste) !t 1/ye!r inter#!ls. . B-ere B-ere sprinkl sprinklers ers !re !re s%e"te s%e"te) ) t$ -!rs-!rs- en#ir$ en#ir$nen nents, ts, in"l%)in in"l%)in& & "$rr$ "$rr$si#e si#e !t$sp-e !t$sp-ere res s !n) "$rr$ "$rr$si#e si#e (!ter (!ter s%pplies s%pplies,, t-e sprinkle sprinklers rs %st e repl!"e) $r represent!ti#e s!ples teste) e#ery : ye!rs. N$te N$te W2!rsW2!rs- en#ir$ en#ir$nen nentsU tsU -!#e een interpr interprete) ete) t$ in"l%)e in"l%)e !re!s eers@. Fi*e )%&)s
1. Fire p%ps, (-ere present, !re !ls$ s%e"t t$ #ery spe"if" inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e re*%ireents t$ -elp ens%re t-!t t-ey (ill '%n"ti$n pr$perly (-en nee)e). S$e $' t-e !si"s in"l%)e !. Fire ire p%p p%ps s %st %st e insp inspe" e"te te) ) (e (eek ekly ly t$ #eri #eri'y 'y t-!t t-!t t-e t-e p%p p%p !ssely !ppe!rs t$ e in $per!tin& "$n)iti$n !n) is 'ree 'r$ p-ysi"!l )!!&e see see NFP NFPA =:?H =:?H4@ 4@,, Se". Se". :/= :/= $r NFP NFPA =:? =:?=@ =@,, Se". Se". 4.= 4.= '$r '$r spe" spe"if if" " "$n)iti$ns t-!t %st e "-e"ke). . Fire p%p !sselies %st e teste) (eekly see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". :/9.= /9.= $r NFPA FPA =:? =:?=@, Se". 4.9 '$r '$r spe" spe"iif" $ser ser#!ti$ !ti$n ns
!n) !n)
!)%stents t-!t nee) t$ e !)e (-ile t-e p%p is r%nnin&. ". An !nn%!l test $' t-e fre p%p !ssely is re*%ire). T-is test %st e "$n)%"te) %n)er ini%, r!te) !n) pe!k +$(s $' t-e p%p see NFPA
::
=:?H =:?H4@ 4@,, Se". Se". :/9. :/9.9 9 $r NFP NFPA =:? =:?=@ =@,, Se". Se". 4.9. 4.9.9 9 '$r '$r spe" spe"if if" " #is% #is%!l !l $ser#!ti$ns, e!s%reents !n) !)%stents t-!t nee) t$ e !)e (-ile t-e p%p is r%nnin& !n) +$(in& (!ter %n)er t-e spe"ife) $%tp%t "$n)iti$n. =. NFPA =: re*%ires t-!t ! pre#enti#e !inten!n"e pr$&r! e est!lis-e) $n !ll "$p$nents $' t-e p%p !ssely in !""$r)!n"e (it- !n%'!"t%rers re"$en)!ti$ns see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". :/: $r NFPA =:?=@, Se". 4.:. N$te N$te NFP NFPA =: pr$# pr$#i) i)es es ! -elp -elp'% '%ll t!l t!le e t$ %se %se in t-e t-e !se !sen" n"e e $' !n%'!"t !n%'!"t%r %rers ers re"$ re"$en)! en)!ti$n ti$ns s '$r pre#en pre#enti#e ti#e !inten !inten!n"e !n"e see NFPA =:?H4@, T!le :/:.1 $r NFPA =:?=@, T!le 4.:.9. D$(%&e!#'#i$! D$(%&e!#'#i$! Re%i*e&e!#s
%st !s ip$rt!nt ip$rt!nt !s "$n)%"tin& "$n)%"tin& re*%ire) re*%ire) inspe"ti$ns, inspe"ti$ns, testin& !n) !inten!n"e is )$"%entin& t-e '!"t t-!t t-ey $""%rre). $t- NFPA 19 !n) NFPA =: re*%ire t-!t t-ese ser#i"es e pr$perly re"$r)e). B-!t '$ll$(s is ! rie' syn$psis $' s$e $' t-e !$r )$"%ent!ti$n re*%ireents y$% nee) t$ e !(!re $'. I!i#i', i!s#',,'#i$! *e($*/s
As enti$ne) e!rlier !kes it %nl!('%l t$ $""%py !ny p$rti$n $' ! %il %il)i )in& n& %nti %ntill t-e t-e re*%i e*%irre) s%pp s%pprressi essi$n $n syst syste e -!s -!s een een test teste) e) !n) !n) !ppr$#e). A pr$$' t-!t !ll %n)er&r$%n) !n) !$#e &r$%n) pipin& rel!te) t$ t-e t-e fre fre sprin sprinkle klerr syste syste -!s -!s een een pr$pe pr$perly rly teste teste), ), in"l% in"l%)i )in& n& +%s-i +%s-in& n& $' %n)er&r$%n) pipin& !n) -y)r$st!ti" testin& $' !$#e&r$%n) pipin& see NFPA 19?HH@, Se". 1/=. Pr$per )$"%ent!ti$n ser#es !s e#i)en"e t-!t t-is -!s $""%rre). 1. Initi!l re"$r)s %st, !t ! ini%, in"l%)e !. N!e $' inst!ll!ti$n "$ntr!"t$r
:5
. C$ntr!"t$rs M!teri!l !n) Test Certif"!te '$r A$#e&r$%n) Pipin& see NFPA 19?HH@, Fi&%re 1/1?!@ ". C$ntr!"t$rs M!teri!l !n) Test Certif"!te '$r 8n)er&r$%n) Pipin& see NFPA 19?HH@, Fi&%re 1/1?@ =. In !))iti$n, t-e inst!llin& "$ntr!"t$r is re*%ire) t$ pr$#i)e y$% (itt-e '$ll$(in& see NFPA 19?HH@, Se". 1/6 !. All liter!t%re !n) instr%"ti$ns pr$#i)e) y t-e !n%'!"t%rer )es"riin& pr$per $per!ti$n !n) !inten!n"e $' !ll e*%ipent !n) )e#i"es inst!lle), !n) . A "$py $' NFPA =: ?e !(!re t-!t y$% #ery likely (ill n$t re"ei#e ! "$py $' t-e 1HH4 e)iti$n $' NFPA =:, %t r!t-er t-e l!test e)iti$n $' t-e st!n)!r) !)$pte) y NFPA@. 9. T-e inst!llin& "$ntr!"t$r is re*%ire) t$ i)enti'y -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne) systes (it- ! per!nently !rke) (e!t-erpr$$' si&n pr$perly se"%re) ne!r t-e
#!l#e
"$ntr$llin&
t-e
"$rresp$n)in&
-y)r!%li"!lly )esi&ne) !re! see NFPA 19?HH@, Se". 1/:. T-is si&n %st in"l%)e t-e '$ll$(in& in'$r!ti$n !. L$"!ti$n $' t-e )esi&n !re!?s@ . Dis"-!r&e )ensities $#er t-e )esi&n !re!?s@ ". Re*%ire) +$( !n) resi)%!l press%re )e!n) !t t-e !se $' t-e riser ). O""%p!n"y "l!ssif"!ti$n $r "$$)ity "l!ssif"!ti$n !n) !
Anne< $' t-e == e)iti$n $' NFPA =:. T-ese '$rs s-$%l) e !#!il!le t-r$%&- y$%r l$"!l fre sprinkler "$ntr!"t$r. S!ple rep$rts !re !ls$ !#!il!le '$r )ry pipe sprinkler systes !n) fre p%ps !s '$ll$(s ?!&!in, t-ese rep$rts s-$%l) e !#!il!le t-r$%&- y$%r l$"!l fre sprinkler "$ntr!"t$r@ X Inspe"ti$n,
testin&
!n)
!inten!n"e
$'
)ry
pipe
sprinkler systes see NFPA =:?H4@, Appen)i< , Fi&%re /: $r NFPA =:?=@, Anne< . X Inspe"ti$n, testin& !n) !inten!n"e $' fre p%ps see NFPA =:?H4@, Appen)i< , Fi&%re /11 $r NFPA =:?=@, Anne< . D* )i)e ss#e& #*i) #es#s
1. A t!& $r "!r) s-$(in& t-e '$ll$(in& %st e !tt!"-e) t$ )ry pipe syste #!l#es see NFPA =:?H4@, Se". H/6.6.=.: $r NFPA =:?=@, Se". 1=.6.6.=.: X D!te )ry pipe #!l#e l!st trippe) X N!e $' pers$n !n) $r&!ni>!ti$n "$n)%"tin& t-e test =. Sep!r!te re"$r)s $' initi!l !ir !n) (!ter press%re, trippin& !ir press%re !n) )ry pipe #!l#e $per!tin& "$n)iti$n %st e !int!ine) $n t-e preises '$r "$p!ris$n (it- pre#i$%s test res%lts. Its ip$rt!nt t-!t !t le!st t($ pe$ple in y$%r '!"ility kn$( (-ere y$%r re"$r)s !re kept t$ in"re!se t-e likeli-$$) t-!t t-ey "!n e re!)ily pr$#i)e) i' re*%este) )%rin& !n inspe"ti$n. It is re*%ire) t-!t t-ese re"$r)s e !int!ine) $n t-e preises '$r !t le!st t-ree ye!rs !n) %st e "$pie) '$r t-e fre "$)e $"i!l $n re*%est.
1.
ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ANALYSIS
1.1
C$s# Es#i&'#es
E;UIPMENT MATERIAL AND INSTALLATION COST
:4
ITEM
DESCRIPTION
AMOUNT
;R
1 = 9 6 : 5 7
11.
EVALUATION
G!l#!ni>e) steel pipes !n) fttin&s Fire sprinklers Pipin& !n"ill!ries 2$se reel %nit !n) e
=9,. 11,. 19,:. 17:,9=. 19,. =1,. :,7.
S8 TOTAL
54::=.
1= PERCENT MARK 8P
4==5=.6
TOTAL PROECT COST
75774=.6
OBSERVATION
CONCLUSION
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
EVALUATION AND OBSERVATION
T-e '$ll$(in& !re y e#!l%!ti$n !n) $ser#!ti$n 1. T-e fre p%ps !re teste) !nn%!lly '$r pr$per $per!ti$n !""$r)in& t$ NFPA 1H11.Iits $per!ti$n "$st is #ery s!ll. =. T-e fre sprinkler !re sep!r!tely pipe) !n) -y)r!%li"!lly )esi&n $nly '$r t-!t pipin& %p t$ ! )is"-!r&e press%re t-!n is )esire) t$ t-e re$te !re! )esi&n. 9. NFPA is t-e !$r re'eren"e in t-is rep$rt.
CONCLUSION
In t-e )esi&n $' fre sprinkler syste, $nly t-e $st re$te !re! is "$nsi)ere). Gettin& t-e re*%ire) (!ter )e!n) !n) press%re )e#el$p. :H
Si>in& fre p%p is 'r$ t-e s% $' sprinkler (!ter )e!n) !n) -$se )e!n). Fire p%p p!"k!&e in"l%)es $n/)%ty fre p%p (-i"- is ele"tri" )ri#en, st!n)y fre p%p (-i"- is )iesel en&ine )ri#en !n) ! $"key p%p t$ !int!in t-e syste press%re (-i"- is !ls$ ele"tri" )ri#en. T-is '$r -$tel (-i"- is ! %ltile#el resi)enti!l %il)in&, t-e !in p!rts $' t-e )esi&n t-!t nee) '%rt-er "$nsi)er!ti$n t-e "!l"%l!ti$n $' t-e re*%ire) press%re !t t-e $st re$te sprinkler.
RECOMMENDATION
St!n)!r) pr$"e)%re !se) $n NFPA 19, 19R !n) $t-er rel!te) st!n)!r) s-!ll e "$ns%lte) frst e'$re pr$"ee)in& t-e )esi&n.
5
12.
BIBLIOGRAPHY r$!nn, M!rk. T-e Desi&n !n) L!y$%t $' Fire Sprinkler Systes, =n) E). CRC Press =1. C-e%n&, K.P. Fire Ser#i"es Inst!ll!ti$ns in 2$n& K$n& (((.!r"-.-k%.-kZkp"-e%n&frefre=9.-tl G%er-!%l, M.L. !n) Pennel G.T. 2$tel !n) M$tel Fire Sprinkler Systes Arti"le in (((.pen&ineer."$, N$#. 1, =4. Fire Sprinkler Syste M!inten!n"e !n) Inspe"ti$n (((.fresystes.netinspe"ti$nssprinklerQsystes.-t 2$( t$ Si>e ! P%p !n) T!nk (((.t-e)syste."$-'Qp!&es)sysQ".-tl M!inten!n"e !n) Testin& $' Fire Sprinkler Syste (((.-e!lt-.st!te.n.%s)i#s'p"Firesprinklers=.p)' NFPA 19 St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Fire Sprinkler Systes, == E). NFPA 19R St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' Sprinkler Systes in Resi)enti!l O""%p!n"ies %p t$ !n) In"l%)in& F$%r St$ries in 2ei&-t. == E). NFPA = / St!n)!r) '$r t-e Inst!ll!ti$n $' St!ti$n!ry P%ps '$r Fire Pr$te"ti$n. =9 E). [!t!r C$nstr%"ti$n Spe"if"!ti$n, Se"ti$n =9
51
APPENDICES
5=
APPENDI= A 0 FIRE PUMPS MODEL BROCHURE
59
APPENDI= B 0 SPRIN?LER MODEL BROCHURE
56
APPENDI= C 0 SPRIN?LER SYSTEM PIPING LAYOUT 8MECHANICAL PLANS SI
5:
APPENDI= D ;UIC? REPORTS
55
T',e $ C$!#e!#s 1.
INTROD8CTORY STATEMENT................................................................................1
=.
OECTI3ES OF T2E ENGINEERING REPORT.........................................................=
9.
IMPORTANCE OF T2E ENGINEERING REPORT........................................................=
6.
LIMITATION OF T2E ENGINEERING REPORT..........................................................=
:. ENGINEERING DESIGN PROPER..............................................................................9 :.1 Desi&n Defniti$ns........................................................................................... 9 :.= Types $' Sprinkler Systes..............................................................................5 :.9 Defniti$n $' Syste C$p$nents...................................................................4 :.6
Types $' Sprinkler...........................................................................................H
:.:
Cl!ssif"!ti$n $' O""%p!nts..........................................................................1=
:.:.1
LIG2T 2A\ARD OCC8PANCIES...............................................................1=
:.:.=
ORDINARY 2A\ARD OCC8PANCIES........................................................19
:.:.9
E]TRA 2A\ARD OCC8PANCIES..............................................................16
:.5 Sprinkler......................................................................................................... 15 :.5.1
SPRINKLER DISC2ARGE C2ARACTERISTICS...........................................15
:.5.=
TEMPERAT8RE C2ARACTERISTICS.........................................................15
:.7 Desi&n Re*%ireents...................................................................................... 17 :.4 Desi&n Met-$)$l$&y...................................................................................... 17 :.H %il)in& Fire 2!>!r) Cl!ssif"!ti$n................................................................. 17 :.1 B!ter De!n) Re*%ireent 2y)r!%li" C!l"%l!ti$n Met-$)s....................14 :.1.1 2OSE STREAM DEMAND........................................................................ 14 :.1.=
DENSITYAREA C8R3ES.........................................................................1H
:.1.9
SYSTEMS BIT2 M8LTIPLE 2A\ARD CLASSIFICATIONS...........................1H
:.1.6
RESTRICTIONS......................................................................................=
:.11 2y)r!%li" C!l"%l!ti$n Pr$"e)%res................................................................. = :.11.1 GENERAL................................................................................................= :.11. = FRICTION LOSS FORM8LA......................................................................=1 :.11.9 2YDRA8LIC 8NCTION POINTS................................................................. == :.11.6 E[8I3ALENT PIPE LENGT2S OF 3AL3ES AND FITTINGS............................== :.11.: C/F!"t$rs................................................................................................ =9 57
