1. INTRODUCTION
This project Blood donor central database d atabase and web portal is mainly used to spread the awareness about blood donation. Many people don’t know about the importance of blood donation and some people are aware about it but they are not known about the chances when and where they can donate. It needs the hospital management to blindly search through network for a blood donor during emergency cases. For example: In earlier days days if a person person need O+ve group blood then we would send messages messages through phones phones but it is a late process and and it reach to some extent extent only. This is the major problem. By using this application the people can search for the required blood group very easily through internet, if the required donor is available we will contact with that person directly. All these tasks will be done with in short span of time. Project Definition
There is a need for online centralised web portal where blood banks and hospitals and other visitors can look for donors in their nearby area who will be available in quick time, and also that the donor details are secured secured.. The ― Blood donor central database and web portal ― serves for this purpose of flexible and secure accessibility to this system for the users. This web portal serves to 4 kinds of people. The unaware people or simply the visitors; people who are willing to donate but do not know when and where to donate; hospital managements who blindly search through network for a blood donor during emergency cases; cases; blood banks who want to spread awareness. Its features include:
Complete blood donation awareness information online.
Registration for every individual who are willing will ing to donate.
Special accounts for Blood Banks (NGO), and Hospitals.
Direct search for blood group on home page.
Providing the information to the people where the Blood Banks are available and the stock availability at the respective places.
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1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
The need for blood is great. Blood transfusions often are needed for trauma victims - due to accidents and burns - heart surgery, organ transplants, t ransplants, and patients receiving treatment for leukemia, cancer or other diseases, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. And with an aging population and advances in medical treatments and procedures requiring blood transfusions, the demand for blood continues to increase.
To be eligible to donate blood, a person must be in good health and generally must be at least 18 years of age (although in some cases younger people are permitted to donate blood, with parental consent.)
Minimum weight requirements may vary among facilities, but generally, donors must weigh at least 45 kgs Most blood banks have no upper age limit. All donors must pass the physical and health history examinations given prior to donation. The donor's body replenishes the fluid lost from donation in 24 hours. It may take up to two months to replace the lost red bl ood cells. Whole blood can be donated once every eight weeks (56 days).
Anyone who who has ever ever used intravenous drugs (illegal IV drugs) Hemophiliacs. Anyone with a positive antibody test for HIV (AIDS virus) .
Anyone who has had hepatitis .
Anyone who has/has had cancer
Anyone who has risk factors for HBS Ag,HCV,VDRL,Maleria. .
Blood donations should be made only at licensed l icensed blood banks, Voluntary blood donation camps conducted by recognized organizations and at hospital-based donor centers. You may contact CCT or find out from the official CCT web site, information about the conduct of blood donation camps in a place near to you Typically, each donated donated unit of blood, referred to as whole blood, is separated into multiple components, such as red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cr yoprecipitated yoprecipitated AHF
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(antihemophilic factor). Presently CCT collects and provides whole blood only. However in the near future, CCT proposes to possess technology for a State of the Art Components Unit and provide blood components too. Each blood component can be transfused to a different individual, each with different needs.
After blood has been drawn, it is tested for ABO group (blood type) and Rh type (positive or negative), as well as for any unexpected red blood cell antibodies that may cause problems in a recipient. Screening tests also are performed for evidence of donor infection with hepatitis B and C viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2, human T-lymphotropic viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II, and syphilis. The specific tests currently performed are listed below:
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) .
Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc).
Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV)
HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2) . Serologic test for syphilis .
Besides conducting all relevant medical tests to ascertai n the eligibility of individuadonors’ blood is collected in the t he utmost hygienic conditions using disposable blood bags, ,needles and syringes under the supervision of qualified lab technicians.
Each unit unit of whole whole blood normally is stored under refrigeration for a maximum of
42.
days While donated blood is free, there are significant costs associated with collecting, testing, preparing components, labeling, storing and shipping blood; recruiting and educating donors; and quality assurance. assurance. As a result, processing fees are charged to recover costs. The blood supply level fluctuates throughout throughout the year. For example, after the Kargil war or Gujarat earth quake blood supply swelled to very ver y high levels, due to the t he overwhelming response of donors but otherwise is very ver y scarce to obtain.
While a given individual may be unable to donate, he or she may be able to recruit a suitable donor. Blood banks are always in need of volunteers to assist at blood draws or to organize blood donation camps. 3
. Donor cards and Appreciation Certificates are given to each of the voluntary blood donors. Besides Blood will be provided free of cost to the kit h and kin of the Donor when in need. Persons who donate blood at least 4 times in a year through Chiranjeevi Eye & Blood Bank , any of CCT’s Voluntary blood donation clubs will receive a letter of appreciation through the hands of Chiranjeevi. Common Blood Type
The approximate distribution of blood types in the population is as follows.
O Rh-positive
38 percent
O Rh-negative
7 percent
A Rh-positive
34 percent
A Rh-negative
6 percent
B Rh-positive
9 percent
B Rh-negative
2 percent
AB Rh-positive
3 percent
AB Rh-negative
1 percent
In an emergency, anyone can receive type O red blood cells, and type AB individuals can receive red blood cells of any ABO t ype. Therefore, people with type O blood are known as ―universal donors,‖ and those with type AB blood are known as ―universal recipients.‖ In addition, AB plasma donors can give to all blood types.
THE CHIRANJEEVI BLOOD BANK
MISSION: In an age where medicine has advanced greatly, blood still remains a scarce life support, highly inaccessible. Added to which is the lurking danger of infected blood seeping into the system due to inadequate facilities and lack of awareness.
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At CCT our endeavor is to provide safe and screened blood to every single person in need of it. In years to come CCT envisages to eradicate deaths due to lack of adequate and safe blood supply in A.P and in India .
POLICY: Chiranjeevi blood bank is perhaps the only blood bank in the state, where replacement of blood is not at all necessary.CCT provides blood absolutely free of cost to the needy and underprivileged. Besides CCT also incurs the costs of blood screening which is about Rs.750/- per unit .In case of economically backward and lower income group people CCT absorbs these screening costs completely. Persons who are white card holders or belong to the family of white card holders and or availing treatment at Government Hospitals are eligible for claiming exemption of screening costs.
CCT provides a subsidy of 50% to those availing treatment at private nursing homes. In case of higher income groups, and those availing treatment at Corporate Hospitals, CCT still provides blood free of cost but the screening costs have to be borne by them.
The Blood bank has provided 3000 donors directly to the Hospitals like NIMS, CARE, APOLLO, USHA MULLAPUDI in cases of emergency that required fresh blood.
The Trust has established five voluntary blood donor clubs in Vishakahapatnam, Rajahmundry, Vijayawada, Kakinada, and Hyderabad and intends to meet a target of setting up 50 such clubs to substantially increase the number of blood donations.
A state of the art Components Preparation Unit to accommodate the recent developments in Blood Transfusion will also be added along with measures to upgrade the rest of the equipment Online registration.
SCREENING
Donors are typically required to give consent for the process and this requirement means that minors cannot donate without permission from a parent or guardian. In some countries, answers are associated with the donor's blood, but not name, to provide anonymity; in others, such as the United States, names are kept to create lists of ineligible donors. If a 5
potential donor does not meet these criteria, they are deferred. This term is used because many donors who are ineligible may be allowed to donate later. Blood banks in the United States may be required to label the blood if it is from a therapeutic donor, so some do not accept donations from donors with any blood disease. Others, such as the Australian Red Cross Blood Service, accept blood from donors withhemochromatosis. It is a genetic disorder that does not affect the safety of the blood.
RECIPIENT SAFETY
Donors are screened for health risks that could make the donation unsafe for the recipient. Some of these restrictions are controversial, such as restricting donations from men who have sex with men for HIV risk. Autologous donors are not always screened for recipient safety problems since the donor is the only person who will receive the blood. Donors are also asked about medications such as dutasteride since they can be dangerous to a pregnant woman receiving the blood. Donors are examined for signs and symptoms of diseases that can be transmitted in a blood transfusion, such as HIV, malaria, and viral hepatitis. Screening may include questions about risk factors for various diseases, such as travel to countries at risk for malaria or variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD). These questions vary from country to country. For example, while blood centers in Québec, Poland, and many other places defer donors who lived in theUnited Kingdom for risk of vCJD, donors in the United Kingdom are only restricted for vCJD risk if they have had a blood transfusion in the United Kingdom.
DONOR SAFETY
The donor is also examined and asked specific questions about their medical history to make sure that donating blood is not hazardous to their health. The donor's hematocrit or hemoglobin level is tested to make sure that the loss of blood will notmake them anemic, and this check is the most common reason that a donor is ineligible. Pulse, blood pressure, and body temperature are also evaluated. Elderly donors are sometimes also deferred on age alone because of health concerns. The safety of donating
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blood during pregnancy has not been studied thoroughly, and pregnant women are usually deferred. OBTAINING THE BLOOD
There are two main methods of obtaining blood from a donor. The most frequent is to simply take the blood from a vein as whole blood. This blood is typically separated into parts, usually red blood cells and plasma, since most recipients need only a specific component for transfusions. A typical donation is 450 millilitres (or approximately one US pint) of whole blood, though 500 millilitre donations are also common. Historically, blood donors in India would donate only 250 or 350 millilitre and donors in the People's Republic of China would donate only 200 millilitres, though larger 300 and 400 millilitre donations have become more common. The other method is to draw blood from the donor, separate it using a centrifuge or a filter, store the desired part, and return the rest to the donor. This process is called apheresis, and it is often done with a machine specifically designed for this purpose. This process is especially common for plasma and platelets. For direct transfusions a vein can be used but the blood may be taken from an artery instead. In this case, the blood is not stored, but is pumped directly from the donor into the recipient. This was an early method for blood transfusion and is rarely used in modern practice. It was phased out during World War II because of problems with logistics, and doctors returning from treating wounded soldiers set up banks for stored blood when they returned to civilian life.
COMPLICATIONS
Donors are screened for health problems that would put them at risk for serious complications [
from donating. First-time donors, teenagers, and women are at a higher risk of a reaction. One study showed that 2% of donors had an adverse reaction to donation.Most of these reactions are minor. A study of 194,000 donations found only one donor with long-term complications.In the United States, a blood bank is required to report any death that might possibly be linked to a blood donation. An analysis of all reports from October 2008 to September 2009 evaluated six events and found that five of the deaths were clearly unrelated
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to donation, and in the remaining case they found no evidence that the donation was the cause of death.
ELIGIBILITY
Eligibility for donating blood is as follows: • Age should be between 18 and 60 years. • Minimum hemoglobin count should be 12.5gm. • Pulse rate should be between 50 and 100 per minute, without any irregularities. • Blood pressure should be, Diastolic 50 to 100 mm Hg and Systolic 100 to 180 mm Hg. • Body temperature should be normal and oral temperature should not exceed 37.5 degree Celsius. • The person should weigh 45kg or above.
DON'T DONATE BLOOD
You should not register as a blood donor or donate blood in case of following: • If you have undergone any treatment for rabies or received Hepatitis B immune globulin within the past one year. • If you have donated blood or have been treated for malaria within the last three months. • If you have undergone any immunization within the past one month. • If you have consumed alcohol within the last 24 hours. • If you have undergone any dental work or taken aspirin within last the 72 hours. • If you are HIV+. • If the person is suffering, or has suffered, from cancer. • If the person is suffering from any blood clotting disorder, such as hemophilia.
UNIVERSAL DONORS
At one time, type O negative blood was considered the universal blood donor type. This implied that anyone — regardless of blood type — could receive type O negative blood without risking a transfusion reaction. However, even type O negative blood may have 8
antibodies that cause serious reactions during a transfusion.Ideally, blood transfusions are done with donated blood that's an exact match for type and Rh factor. Even then, small samples of the recipient's and donor's blood are mixed to check compatibility in a process known as crossmatching. In an emergency, however, type O negative red blood cells may be given to anyone — especially if the situation is life-threatening or the matching blood type is in short supply.Similarly, the blood group AB- is said to be the universal recipient as it is possible for the person of AB- group to receive blood from any blood group in a condition of extreme emergency and necessity.
RECOVERY AND TIME BETWEEN DONATIONS
Donors are usually kept at the donation site for 10 – 15 minutes after donating since .
most adverse reactions take place during or immediately after the donation Blood centers .
typically provide light refreshments or a lunch allowance to help the donor recover The needle site is covered with a bandage and the donor is directed to keep the bandage on for several hours
.
Donated plasma is replaced after 2 – 3 days.Red blood cells are replaced by bone marrow into the circulatory system at a slower rate, on average 36 days in healthy adult males. In one ]
study, the range was 20 to 59 days for recovery. These replacement rates are the basis of how frequently a donor can give blood. Plasmapheresis and plateletpheresis donors can give much more frequently because they do not lose significant amounts of red cells. The exact rate of how often a donor can donate differs from country to country. For example, plasmapheresis donors in the United States are allowed to donate large volumes twice a week and could nominally give 83 liters (about 22 gallons) in a year, whereas the same donor in Japan may only donate every other week and could only donate about 16 liters (about 4 gallons) in a year.Red blood cells are the limiting step for whole blood donations, and the frequency of donation varies widely depending on the type of donor and local policies. For example, adult men in Hong Kong can donate once every three months, women every four months, and youth aged sixteen or seventeen only every six months. In Canada and the United States it is 56 days for any t ype of donor.
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DONOR SELECTION
The donor selection process is one of the most important steps in protecting the safety of the blood supply. The process is intended to identify medical problems, behaviors (e.g., IV drug use) or events that put a person at risk of being infected and transmitting a serious disease to the person receiving the transfusion. To accomplish this, donors should be questioned about their medical history, be given a limited physical examination (e.g., pulse and blood pressure checked and heart and lungs listened to with a stethoscope) and have their hemoglobin or hematocrit determined. In general, potential donors should be at least 17 years old, unless there are special circumstances requiring a minor to give blood. They should be in good health, not severely anemic (Hg > 11 g/dL or Hct > 33%) and not be infected (carrier or seropositive) for HBV (if not vaccinated), HCV or HIV/AIDS.
HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
Hematocrit and hemoglobin measurements are blood tests. Hemoglobin enables red cells to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. The hemoglobin is checked before each donation to ensure that the donor has adequate red blood cell levels to donate blood. Blood donors must have a minimum of 12.5 g/dL hemoglobin or a hematocrit of 38% t o be accepted for donation. The hematocrit is a measure of the volume that red blood cells take up in the blood. Most men have a hemoglobin of 12.5 g/dL or greater and a hematocrit above 38 percent, but many women naturally have lower hemoglobin/hematocrit levels. An abnormally low hemoglobin/hematocrit, which indicates anemia, can develop when a person either does not make enough red blood cells, loses blood from the body, or is iron-deficient. The most common cause of mild anemia is a low level of iron, which is needed to make red blood cells. Frequent blood donations and monthly blood loss in premenopausal women can contribute to a low iron level. Most hemoglobin/hematocrit readings that are lower than the required level do not indicate the donor has serious health issues. Some donors naturally have lower levels, which causes them no harm. However, it does prevent them from being eligible blood donors. Other donors may be slightly anemic due to iron deficiency, and increasing their iron intake may boost their hemoglobin/hematocrit level. Donors who are temporarily deferred are given information to help them determine if they are eligible to give blood again in the coming
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months. The Red Cross encourages all donors who are temporarily deferred to try to give blood again if it is safe for them to do so. STORAGE SUPPLY AND DEMAND
The collected blood is usually stored as separate components, and some of these have short shelf lives. There are no storage solutions to keep platelets for extended periods of time, though some are being studied as of 2008. The longest shelf life used for platelets is seven days. Red blood cells, the most frequently used component, have a shelf life of 35 – 42 days at refrigerated temperatures. This can be extended by freezing the blood with a mixture of glycerol but this process is expensive, rarely done, and requires an extremely cold freezer for storage. Plasma can be stored frozen for an extended period of time and is typically given an expiration date of one year and maintaining a supply is less of a problem. The limited storage time means that it is difficult to have a stockpile of blood to prepare for a disaster. The subject was discussed at length after the September 11th attacks in the United States, and the consensus was that collecting during a disaster was impractical and that efforts should be focused on maintaining an adequate supply at all times. Blood centers in the U.S. often have difficulty maintaining even a three day supply for routine transfusion demands. The World Health Organization recognizes World Blood Donor Day on 14 June each year to promote blood donation. This is the birthday of Karl Landsteiner, the scientist who discovered the ABO blood group system. As of 2008, the WHO estimated that more than 81 million units of blood were being collected annually. EXISTING SYSTEM:
In earlier days blood requests are carried through messages from one people to other people. That communication will be in the form of messages through mobiles or through word of mouth. It is a late process and some requests can’t succeed to some extent. By this many people lives may get under jeopardy. Several blood donor portals available presently are restricted to particular town/city. Also tracking the appropriate donor consumes lot of time and existing system involves manual verification of donor’s health status. DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM: 11
People throughout globe cannot use the facilities.
Emergency cases cannot be tackled in time.
No guarantee is given on the health condition of the donor.
Most of them are not non-profitable portals.
Communication which happens whenever need for the blood arises is not effective, then people lives may get under peril.
Human resources may not work in the brisk way if any emergency request heaves up.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
In this system people can explore for the required blood group very easily through internet, if the requisite donor is available we will contact with that person directly. All these tasks will be done with in short span of time. To overcome the problems in existing system, the proposed system is an online centralized web-portal where blood banks and hospitals and visitors can look for donors in their nearby area who will be available in quick time. ADVANTAGES OVER EXISTING SYSTEM
Since it is a global portal, people all over the world can access the site.
Donors in the nearest area can be tracked easily.
Emergency cases can be solved in time.
Donor’s personal details are maintained in a very confidential way.
Through this web application we can save the time, we can efficiently get succeed in implementing all the requests within short span of time.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Once the problem is clearly understood, the next step in analysis is to verify the feasibility of the proposed system. ―All projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time―. But in reality both resources and time are scarce. Project should confirm to time bounce and should be optimal in their consumption of resources. The objective of 12
feasibility study is to determine whether or not the proposed system is feasible. It is highlevel capsule version of the entered systems and design process. Feasibility applied to Blood Donor Central Database and Web Portal pertains to the following areas i.e. three tests of feasibility have been carried out:
Technical feasibility
Operational feasibility
Economical feasibility
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
To determine whether the proposed system is technically feasible, we should take into consideration the technical issues involved behind the system. Blood Donor Central Database and Web Portal uses the web technologies, which is rampantly employed these days worldwide. The world without the web is incomprehensible today. That goes to proposed system is technically feasible. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY
To determine the operational feasibility of the system we should take into consideration the awareness level of the users. This system is operational feasible since the users are familiar with the technologies and hence there is no need to gear up the personnel to use system. Also the system is very friendly and to use.
ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY
To decide whether a project is economically feasible, we have to consider various factors as:
Cost benefit analysis
Long-term returns
Maintenance costs
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The proposed Blood Donor Symbiosis is computer based. It requires average computing capabilities and access to internet, which are very basic requirements and can be afforded by any organization hence it doesn’t incur additional economic overheads, which renders the system economically feasible.
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2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
1.OBJECTIVE:
The main objective of the study was to create electronic blood donor management information system in order to assist in the management of blood donor records, planning and share information in a more confidential, convenient and secure way using modern technology. 2.SCOPE:
The study specially emphasized the creation and implementation of an electronic management information system that automated blood donor data acquisition and dissemination of results. This in turn will ease and speeds up the planning, decision-making process because of the timely, secure, confidential and reliable reports .
3.DESCRIPTION:
Administrator will have the rights and controls to login into the software by entering his username and valid password.Admin can view the full details of the bloodBanks ,hospitals,donors and he can also delete them if any case needed.The visitor or non member can search for the required blood type by selecting his required Blood type and can get the result. The visitor can get the full details of the donors,hospital or BloodBanks by providing his mail-id and the complete details will be mailed.The visitor , hospitals,bloodBanks can register by filling there respective registration pages.Hospitals ,Blood banks,donor can login through respective login-id and password sent to there mail.
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. Administrator should have access to all details of blood donors ,hospitals,blood banks. 2. While filling the personal information page for any donor, only Name, Region, contact
details which could be phone number / email and blood group should be
made mandatory . 3. Users could browse for Blood Banks , hospitals ,blood donors in their near by area. 15
4. No user could access full details of donors without being registerd. 5. The search for donors should be made flexible 6. The donor must be able to Login using user id and password. 7. The donor must be able to change his password. 8. The donor must be able to view the hospitals ,bloodbanks and other donors . 9. The non member must be able to search for a donors,hospitals,blood banks. 10. The admin must be able to Login using user id and password. 11. The admin must be able to handle donors,bloodbanks,hospitals. 12. The admin must be able to change his password. 13. The admin must be able to delete the hospitals,bloodbanks and donor if any case needed. 14. Hospitals and bloodbanks must be able to login with the username and password to update any details.
NON-FUNCTIONALREQUIREMENTS:
Nonfunctional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements,
design constraints, standard compliance, reliability, availability,security,
maintainability and portability. i. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS:
Performance requirements define acceptable response times for system
functionality.
The load time for user interface screens will take no longer than two
seconds.
The login information shall be verified within five seconds.
Queries shall results within five seconds.
ii. DESIGN CONSTRAINTS:
The software shall be a standard system running in a windows environment. The system shall be developed using rational enterprise suite. iii. RELIABILITY:
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Specify the factors required to establish the required reliability of the software system at time of delivery. iv. AVAILABILITY:
The system should have an availability of 99.99%. v. PORTABILITY:
The system should be extremely via the usb drive. The system shall be easy to migrate or backed up via another use drive. vi. MAINTAINABILITY:
The system shall utilize interchangeable plugins. The system shall be easily updateable for fixes and patches. The system shall be easy to upgrade.
Operating Environment – Hardware and Software
Software Requirements
Operating System
-
Windows 7
Application Server
-
Tomcat 6.X
Front End
-
HTML, Java, JSP
Server side Script
-
Java Server Pages.
Database
-
MySql
Database Connectivity
-
JDBC.
Hardware Requirement Processor
-
Pentium – III 17
Speed
-
1.1 GHz
RAM
-
256 MB (min)
Hard Disk
-
20 GB
Floppy Drive
-
1.44
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3. DESIGN The most creative and challenging phase of the life cycle is system design. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed. It refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementations of the candidate system. The design may be defined as ―the process of applying various techniques and principles for the purpose of defining a device, a process or a system with sufficient details to permit its physical realization‖. The designer’s goal is how the output is to be produced and in what format. Samples of the output and input are also presented. Second input data and database files have to be designed to meet the requirements of the proposed output.
The processing phases are
handled through the program Construction and Testing.
Finally, details related to
justification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are documented and evaluated by management as a step toward implementation. The importance of software design can be stated in a single word ―Quality . Design ”
provides us with representations of software that can be assessed for quality. Design is the only way where we can accurately translate a customer’s requirements into a complete software product or system. Without design we risk building an unstable system that might fail if small changes are made. It may as well be difficult to test, or could be one who’s quality can’t be tested. So it is an essential phase in the development of a software product. UML APPROACH:
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a language for specifying, visualizing and documenting the system. This is the step while developing any product after analysis. The goal from this is to produce a model of entities involved in the project which later need to be built. The representation of the entities that are to be used in the product being developed need to be designed. Software design is a process that gradually changes as various new, better and more complete methods with a border understanding of the whole problem in general come into existence. There are various methods in software design.
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They are as follows:
Use case Diagram
Sequence Diagram
Collaboration Diagram
State Chart Diagram
Class Diagram
Component Diagram
Deployment Diagram
USE CASE DIAGRAMS
Use case diagram consists of use cases and actors and show the interaction between the use cases and the actors.
The purpose is to show the interaction between the use cases and the actor.
To represent the system requirements from user’s perspective.
It must be remembered that the use cases are the functions that are to be performed in the module.
An actor can be an end-user of the system or an external system.
SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS
The purpose of the sequence diagram is o show the flow of the functionality through a use case. In other words, we call it mapping process in terms of data transfers from the actor through corresponding objects.
To represent the logical flow of data with respect to a process.
It must be remembered that the Sequence Diagram display objects and not the classes.
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CLASS DIAGRAMS
Architects look at Class Diagrams to see if any class has to many functions and see if they are required to be split.
This is one of the most important diagrams in development.
This diagram breaks the class into three layers. One has the name, the second describes its attributes and the third its methods. The private attributes represented by a padlock to the left of the name.
The relationships are drawn between the classes.
Developers use the Class Diagram to develop the classes.
Analysis uses it to show the details of the system.
COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS:
Collaboration diagrams let you show a spatial organization of components and interactions rather than concentrating on the sequence of the interactions. A collaboration diagram shows an interaction organized around the objects in the interaction and their links to each other. Unlike a Sequence diagram, a collaboration diagram shows the relationships among the objects. On the other hand, a collaboration diagram does not show time as a separate dimension, so sequence numbers determine the sequence of messages and the concurrent threads. A collaboration diagram is a cross between a symbol diagram and Sequence diagram, in that it describes a specific scenario by numbered arrows that show the movement of messages during the course of a scenario. The Collaboration diagram may be used to:
Describe a specific scenario by depicting the movement of messages between the objects
Show a spatial organization of objects and their interactions, rather than the sequence of the interactions
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USECASE DIAGRAMS 1. Administrator
view/deletes donor's
view/deletes hospitals Administrator
view/delete blood banks
manages database
Fig1.usecase diagram for administrator
Administrator:
Login: Administrator must have a valid login id to enter into the site.
View /Delete Donors: Admin can view or delete the donors if needed.
View/ Delete Blood Banks: Admin can view or delete the Blood Banks if needed.
View/ delete Hospitals: Admin can view or delete the Hospitals if needed.
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Manage Database: Admin can Manage all the Database.
2. Blood Donor
register to website
view blood bank stock and details
Blood donor view hospital stock and details
views other donor's details
Fig2.usecase diagram for Blood donor
Blood Donor
Registration:Donor has to register into the website for donating blood.
View Blood Banks: Donor can view the Stock details of registered blood banks.
View Hospital: Donor can view the Stock details of registered Hospitals.
View Other Donors: Donor can also view the list of other donors
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3. Blood banks/Hospitals
vies hospital/bloodbank details
change password
Blood banks/Hospitals
provide blood details
view donor details
Updates blood s tock details
Fig3.usecase diagram for Blood Banks/Hospitals
Blood Banks/Hospitals
Hospitals/Blood Bank Details: Blood Banks and hospitals can view details of other
Blood banks and hospitals.
Change password: Blood Banks and hospitals can change there password .
Provide Blood Details: Blood Banks and hospitals can provide the details.
View Donor Details : Blood Banks and hospitals can also view other donors.
Update Blood Stock: Blood Bank and hospitals can update the stock details i .e
number of units of Blood available.
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4. Visitor
searches for blood donor
searches for hospitals/blood banks Visitor
provide his/her mail-id for donor/BB/hosp. details Fig4.usecase diagram for visitor
Visitor
Searches for blood Donor: visitor searches for the blood donor according to his
need in the near by area.
Searches for Hospitals/Blood banks: visitor can search for blood in blood Banks
and hospitals.
Provide Mail:Donors complete details are mailed if needed to the visitor by
providing his mail-id.
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CLASS DIAGRAM
A class diagram is one of the most important of the diagrams in development.
The diagram breaks the class into three layers. One has the name, the second describes its attributes and the third its method.
The relationships are drawn between the classes.
Developers use the class diagram to develop the classes.
Analyses use it to show the details of the system.
Architects look at class diagrams to see if any class has too many functions and see if they are required to be split.
Class diagrams are useful in all forms of object-oriented programming.
Fig5.Class diagram
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SEQUENCE DIAGRAMS :
Sequence diagrams show a detailed flow for a specific use case or even just part of a specific use case. They are almost self explanatory; they show the calls between the different objects in their sequence.
To represent the logical flow of data with respect to a process.
It must be remembered that the sequence diagram display objects and not the classes.
1. Administrator
:Adm inis trator
:application
:database
Login with username and pass word Check with the databas e Authenticate Confirmation
View/Manage/Delete d onor's Update donor details Acknowledge Update
View/Manage/Delete BB's/Hospitals Update BB/hospi tal details Acknowledge Update Reques t for logout
Logout successful
Fig6.Sequence diagram for administrator
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2. Blood donor/ Blood bank/ Hospital registration
donor/Hosp/BB
application
database
provide information details submit the details saving the details save for successful registration successfully registered
Fig7.sequence diagram for Blood donor/Blood Bank/Hospital
28
3. Blood Donor
donor
application
database
login check authentication validating the information authorised user display donor page
click for BB/hos p s tock details redirected processing display the results reques ted
Fig8.sequence diagram for Blood Donor
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4. Blood banks/ Hospitals
:Blood banks/Hospitals
:application
:database
Login with username and pas sword check with the database Authenticate confirmation
change password enter the new pas sword Saving Password changed Acknowledgement
Provide its blood details
store the details saving
confirmation update its s tock details update stock Acknowledge update Reques t for logout Logout successful
Fig9.sequence diagram for Blood Banks/Hospitals
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5. Visitor
visitor
application
database
search for required donor check the information searching get the donor details
search for BB/hospitals check information searching for details post the details get the details
provide mail id for personal details of donor/BB/hosp saving processing send details to mail id
Fig10.sequence diagram for visitor
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COLLABORATION DIAGRAMS: 1. Administrator
1: Login with username and pas sword 5: View/Manage/Delete donor's 8: View/Manage/Delete BB's/Hospitals 11: Request for logout :Administ rator
:applicati on 12: Logout successful
4: Confirmation 7: Acknowledge Update 10: Acknowledge Update 3: Authenticate
2: Check with the database 6: Update donor details 9: Update BB/hospi tal details
:databas e
Fig11.collaboration diagram for administrator 2. Donor/Blood bank/Hospital registration 1: provide inform ation details donor/Ho sp/BB
applicati on
5: successfully registered
4: save for succes2:sful subm regis it the tration details 3: saving the details
database
Fig.12collaboration diagram for donor/Blood Bank/hospital registration
32
3. Blood Donor 1: login 6: click for BB/hosp s tock details applicati on
donor 5: display donor page
4: authorised us er 9: display the results 3:requested validating the information 2: check authentication 7: redirected 8: process ing
database
Fig13.collaboration diagram for Blood donor 4. Blood banks/ Hospitals 1: Login with username and pas sword 5: change password 9: Provide its blood detail s 13: update its stock details 16: Request for logout :Blood banks/Hospitals
:applicati on 17: Logout successful
3: Authenticate 7: Saving 4: confirmation 11: saving 8: Password changed Acknowledgeme nt 12: confirmation 15: Acknowledge update
2: check with the database 6: enter the new pas sword 10: store the details 14: update stock
:databas e
Fig14.Collaboration Diagram for Blood banks /Hospitals
33
5. Visitor
1: search for required donor 5: search for BB/hospitals 10: provide mail id for personal details of donor/BB/hosp visitor
applicati on 9: get the details
8: post the details 4: get the donor details 13: send details to mail id
2: check the information 6: check information 11: saving
3: searching 7: searching for details 12: processing
database
Fig.15 collaboration diagram for visitor
Activity Diagram
Activity diagrams are a loosely defined diagram technique for showing workflows of stepwise activities and actions, with support for choice, iteration and concurrency. In the UML, activity diagrams can be used to describe the business and operational step-by-step workflows of components in a system. An activity diagram shows the overall flow of control.
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Activity Diagram ForAdmin
start
Admin
invalid login
valid
search Hospitals
search Blood Bank
search otherDonars
viewHospital details
view Blood Bank details
viwe donar details
deleteHospital
deleteBlood Bank
delete Donars
stop
Fig16.Activity diagram for admin
35
Activity Diagram for User
start
user
invalid login
valid
search Hospitals
search Blood Bank
search otherDonars
view details
view details
view details
stop
Fig17.Activity dagram for user
36
Activity Diagram For Blood Banks
start
Blood Bank
invalid login
valid
search Hospitals
search Blood Bank
search otherDonars
view details
view details
view details
stop
Fig18.Activity diagram for Blood Banks
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Activity Diagram for Hospital
start
Hospital
invalid
login
valid
search Hospitals
search Blood Bank
search otherDonars
view details
view details
view details
stop
Fig19.Activity diagram for hospital
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DATABASE DESIGN:
My Sql has been used as the database package under windows xp operating system. My sql is a relational model and we created the database in the form of tables, relational model gives us much flexibility in designing a database schema to model the database. The main tables used in the Blood Donor Central Database and Web Portal database tables are:
Blood Bank Details
bbname address
varchar(25)
zip
varchar(25)
uname
varchar(35)
email
varchar(50)
phno
varchar(15)
Opos Oneg
varchar(10)
varchar(100)
Apos
varchar(10) varchar(10)
Aneg
varchar(10)
ABpos ABneg
varchar(10) varchar(10)
Bpos
varchar(10)
Bneg
varchar(10)
district
varchar(35)
area
varchar(35) Table1.Blood Bank Detail
Mail Messages:
uname mail
varchar(30) varchar(1500) Table2.Mail Messages
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Donor Profile
Uname
varchar(20)
name
varchar(20)
fname
varchar(25)
gend
varchar(10)
age
varchar(11)
email
varchar(40)
address
varchar(250)
district
varchar(50)
Area
varchar(50)
Hemoglobin
varchar(10)
phno
varchar(20)
bg
varchar(5)
ldd Availability
varchar(20) varchar(11)
Table3.Donor Profile
Hospital Details:
hbname address
varchar(50)
zip
varchar(25)
uname
varchar(30)
email
varchar(50)
phno
varchar(15)
Opos Oneg
varchar(10)
varchar(100)
Apos
varchar(10) varchar(10)
Aneg
varchar(10)
ABpos ABneg
varchar(10)
Bpos
varchar(10)
Bneg
varchar(10)
district
varchar(30)
area
varchar(30)
varchar(10)
Table4.Hospital Details 40
4 . IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION SCHEME
The implementation of this Blood Donor Central Database and Web Portal was done by using JDK-1.6 and Tomcat-6.x as the programming tools and My Sql has been used as the database package under windows xp or 7 operating system. JDK_1.6 kit a software development kit for Java J ava language. Tomcat-6.x is used to develop the servlets and executing them. My sql is a relational model, we created the database in the form of tables. The relational model gives us much flexibility in designing a database schema to model the database.
MODULE DESCRIPTION
We have three modules:
Modules 1. Administrator 2. Blood Banks and Hospitals 3. Blood Donors 4. Visitors
Module Description 1.Administrator:
Administrator plays a very vital role. In this module the Admin maintains the information of Blood donors, Hospitals, blood bank details. The admin has all rights to perform manipulations like deletion of records of these modules whenever necessary. Administrator should have access to all details of blood donors, Blood banks and Hospitals.
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2. Blood Banks and Hospitals
Blood Banks and hospitals can browse for blood donors in their nearby area and can also login to their own account to change their password and to view the blood details of blood banks/hospitals. Hospitals and blood banks provide the stock details of the amount of blood available with each of them, after they login, and can also constantly update their stock details whenever there is a change in the number of units of blood available with them.
3. Blood Donors
Blood donor must do a quick register to the website or portal by filling in his details, most importantly his location and blood group and contact details. He has the feasibility to view the blood banks and hospitals registered in the website along with their stock details ance the donor logs in with his username and password.
4. Visitors
The Visitors can also look for blood donors or Blood banks or hospitals in any particular area and then do quick register and raise a ticket for Blood requirements.No user can access any personal details of donors without providing his authenticated email. The personal details of his requested blood donor will be then sent to his mail id thus providing security. SAMPLE CODE
1. Code for search:
<%@page import="java.sql.*,databaseco import="java.sql.*,databasecon.*"%> n.*"%> <%! Connection con; Statement st; ResultSet rs; 42
String type=null; String dis =null; %>
| Donor's Details |
| ali gn="center"> Name | Mail-Id | District | Send Details |
<% type = request.getParameter("type"); request.getParameter("type"); dis = request.getParameter("d2"); request.getParameter("d2"); //out.println(type+dis); con = DBConnection.dbConnection(); DBConnection.dbConnection(); st = con.createStatement(); con.createStatement(); boolean boo = false; rs = st.executeQuery("select * from donorprofile where district='"+dis+"' and bg='"+type+"'"); while(rs.next()) { String name1 = rs.getString(2); String mid1 = rs.getString(6); String dis1 = rs.getString(8); boo = true; %> | <%=name1%>&nbs width="135"><%=name1%> | p;
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<%=mid1%> | <%=dis1%> | "> Send Mail |
<%} if(boo) { } else {%> Sorry No-Donor's <% } %>
colspan="3"
bgcolor="#FF0000"
width="393"
align="center">
color="#FFFFFF">Blood Bank Details
| Name | Mail-Id | Send Details |
<% type = request.getParameter("type"); dis = request.getParameter("d2"); 44
con = DBConnection.dbConnection(); st = con.createStatement(); boolean bo = false; rs = st.executeQuery("select * from bbank where baddress='"+dis+"' "); while(rs.next()) { String name1 = rs.getString(1); String mid1 = rs.getString(5); bo = true; %> | <%=name1%> | <%=mid1%> |
width="118">
href="bb_send.jsp?mail=<%=mid1%>">Send
<%} if(bo) { } else {%> Sorry No Blood Bank's <%} %>
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Mail
colspan="3"
bgcolor="#FF0000"
width="392"
align="center">
color="#FFFFFF">Hospital Details
| Name | Mail-Id | Send Details |
<% type = request.getParameter("type"); dis = request.getParameter("d2"); con = DBConnection.dbConnection(); st = con.createStatement(); boolean b = false; rs = st.executeQuery("select * from hospital where address='"+dis+"' "); while(rs.next()) { String name1 = rs.getString(1); String mid1 = rs.getString(4); b = true; %> | <%=name1%> | <%=mid1%> | "> Send Mail |
<%
46
} if(b) { } else {%> Sorry No Hospital's <%} %>
2. Code for sending mail: Details mail
public class DetailsMail { String d_email = "
[email protected]", d_password = "savelifes", d_host = "smtp.gmail.com", d_port = "465", m_to = " ", m_subject = "Requested details", m_text = "Requested details \n"; String ret = null; public String mail(String tomail,String pass) { m_to = tomail; System.out.println(m_to+pass);
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m_text = m_text + " "+pass; Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("mail.smtp.user", d_email); props.put("mail.smtp.host", d_host); props.put("mail.smtp.port", d_port); props.put("mail.smtp.starttls.enable","true"); props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); //props.put("mail.smtp.debug", "true"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", d_port); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); props.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback", "false");
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager(); try { Authenticator auth = new SMTPAuthenticator(); Session session = Session.getInstance(props, auth); //session.setDebug(true); MimeMessage msg = new MimeMessage(session); msg.setText(m_text); msg.setSubject(m_subject); msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(d_email)); msg.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(m_to)); Transport.send(msg); return("OK"); } catch (Exception mex)
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{ mex.printStackTrace(); return("SORRY"); } } private class SMTPAuthenticator extends javax.mail.Authenticator { public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(d_email, d_password); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //Mail sendmail=new Mail(); } }
3. Deleting records by admin:
<% String email = request.getParameter("no"); con = DBConnection.dbConnection(); st = con.createStatement(); String jy = "delete from donorprofile where email='"+email+"'"; st.executeUpdate(jy);
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Deleted
style="text-decoration:
none"
color="#000000">Back try { String name,gen,mail,dist; con = DBConnection.dbConnection(); st = con.createStatement(); rs = st.executeQuery("select * from donorprofile"); while(rs.next()) { //no = rs.getString(1); name = rs.getString(2); gen = rs.getString(4); mail = rs.getString(6); dist = rs.getString(8); String grp = rs.getString(12); %>
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href="dept_menu_list.jsp">
5.TESTING The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It provides a way to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies, assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising software with the intent of ensuring that the Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each test type addresses a specific testing requirement. Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and represents the ultimate review of specification, design and code generation. Testing Objectives include 1. Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding an error.
2. A good test case is one that has a probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. 3. A successful test is one that uncovers an undiscovered error. Testing Principles
All tests should be traceable to end user requirements.
Tests should be planned long before testing begins.
Testing should begin on a small scale and progress towards testing in large.
Exhaustive testing is not possible.
To be most effective testing should be conducted by a independent third party.
Testing strategies
A Strategy for software testing integrates software test cases into a series of well planned steps that result in the successful construction of software. Software testing is a broader topic for what is referred to as Verification and Validation.
Verification refers to the set of
activities that ensure that the software correctly implements a specific function. Validation refers he set of activities that ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to customer’s requirements.
.
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5.1 TEST CASES
Case1: Input
Actual output
obtained output
Description
Login as admin with
Home
page
for
Home
page
for
correct login details
admin
should
be
admin
should
be
displayed
displayed
Login as admin with
Home
page
for
Error message will
wrong login details
admin
should
be
be displayed in the
displayed
Test successful.
login page
52
Ivalid login-id and password
Case2:
Input
Actual output
obtained output
Description
Providing valid mail- Complete details are Complete details are Test successful id to obtain complete
mailed
mailed
details Providing mail-id
invalid to
Complete details are Sorry please check ur
obtain mailed
mail-id
complete details
53
Valid mail-id should be provided.
Case 3: Input
Actual output
Login as Bloodbank Home with
Home
page
for
Bloodbank should be
details
displayed
displayed
Login as Bloodbank
Home
details
wrong
login
for
Description
Bloodbank should be
with
correct
page
obtained output
login
page
for
Error message will
Bloodbank should be
be displayed in the
displayed
login page
54
Test successful
Ivalid login-id and Password
Case 4: Input
Entering the details
Actual output
login details are sent
in all the fields of to your mail-id hospital
obtained output
Description
login details are sent
Test successful.
to your mail-id
registration
page. Missing to enter the details in some
login details are sent
Please enter numeric
to your mail-id
zip value,name etc
fields of hospital registration page
55
Ivalid login-id and Password
Case 5:
Input
Actual output
obtained outpuat
Description
Invalid Login-id and
Login as donor with
Home page for the
Home page for the
correct login details
donor
donor
should
be
should
be
displayed
displayed
Login as donor with
Home page for the
Error message will
wrong login details
donor
be displayed in the
should
displayed
be
home page
56
password
Test is successful.
Case 6:
Input
Actual output
Home
with
Hospitals should be
Hospitals should be
details
displayed
displayed
Login as Hospitals
Home
with
wrong
login
login
page
for
Home
page
Description
Login as Hospitals correct
page
obtained output
for
for
Error message should
Hospitals should be
be displayed in the
57
Test successful
Ivalid login-id and Password
details
displayed
login page
SCREEN SHOTS 1. HOMEPAGE showing Blood donor Login and Visitor search for blood:
58
59
2. Admin login page:
60
3. Administrator views/manages/deletes donors:
61
4. Administrator views/manages/deletes blood banks:
5. Administrator views/manages/deletes hospitals:
62
6. Search showing different blood groups:
7. Search showing different districts to find donors:
63
8. Showing no blood bank/donor/hospital available in particular area:
64
9. Visitor providing his/her email details to find donor’s/blood banks/hospitals:
65
10. Page displaying that the personnel details are mailed:
66
11. Blood Banks registration page:
12. Blood Bank login page:
67
13. Hospital Registration page:
14. Hospital login page:
68
15. Changing Password for Hospital:
69
16. Blood Donor registration page
: 17. Blood Donor Login:
70
18. Displaying other donor/hospital/blood bank details for a particular use19. Donor
71
Login Successful and on click shows the front page as:
72
20.Blood Stock Available with Hospitals/blood banks:
73
21. Hospital/Blood banks updating stock details:
74
22. Terms and condition:
75
CONCLUSION The Blood donor symbiosis project has been successfully completed. The goal of the system is achieved and the problems are solved. This project is developed in this manner that is user friendly and required help is provided at different levels. The Blood donor central database and web portal results in systems that supports multiple end users, and provide them the means to donate as well as make effective searches for the intended blood donors in case of emergency. These blood donors are internally and accurately managed and run with the help of minimal administration. The primary objective is to provide the interactive service to all the general users in this contemporary world. This system certainly doesn’t reduce the manpower but helps the development of the available manpower and optimizes the man power.
Future Enhancements:
1) A new feature like sending the details of blood donation camps as message to all donors can be added. 2) In future by using VOIP technology a feature of communicating directly with other donors in the case of emergency can be added.
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