LICENSE AGREEMENT 2011 Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code The title and all copyrights and ownership rights in this book are retained by the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME). You assume responsibility for for the selection of the information to achieve your intended results. Specifically, you may not photocopy or scan any or all parts of this book. To do so will result in a possible legal remedy PSME will consider as an option available to it to recover damages from unauthorized use of its intellectual property. Distribution to third parties of PSME intellectual property in print or electronic form is also prohibited except when authorized by PSME. If you wish learn more about the 2011 Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code, please visit the official website of PSME at www.psmenow.org/.
2011 PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE
Dual Measurement Edition (IP / SI)
Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. Unit 401, Fourth Floor, Don Lorenzo Building, 889 P. Paredes St., Sampaloc, Manila Philippines (+632) 736-2043
http://www.psmenow.org
Republic of the Philippines Professional Regulation Commission Manila
B O A R D O F M E C H A N I C A L E N G I N E ER I N G
Board Resolution No. ____ Series of 2011 ADOPTION AND PROMULGATION OF THE REVISED 2011 PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE WHEREAS, for the practice of mechanical engineering, the Board adopted and promulgated the Philippine
Mechanical Engineering Code; WHEREAS, there has been an urgent and important need for the regular updating and revision of said Code to
cope up with the rapid and continuous advancement in mechanical engineering technology that has brought about economic growth and development; WHEREAS, in response to such need, the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. (PSME) and the other
affiliate sectors of the profession have come up with the revised 2011 Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code; WHEREAS, this new Code presents topics with a balanced coverage of relevant fundamental and real-world
applications that will ensure mechanical engineers to enhance and maintain a high professional, technical and ethical standards in the practice of the mechanical engineering profession; WHEREAS, the Board is empowered to adopt and promulgate such Code pursuant to its power to adopt a Code of
Professional Standards for the practice of mechanical engineering under Section 9(b) , Article II of R.A. 8495, otherwise known as the “Philippine Mechanical Engineering Act of 1998”; and WHEREAS, as part of the Rules and Regulations of the Board, violation of any provision of this Code is a ground
for disciplinary action against a professional mechanical engineer, registered mechanical engineer, and certified plant mechanic; NOW THEREFORE, the Board Resolves as it is hereby Resolved, to adopt and promulgate the Revised 2011
Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code, submitted by the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. (PSME), Annex “A” as integral part of the herein Resolution. This Code shall take effect after fifteen (15) days following its full and complete publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Republic of the Philippines. Done in the City of Manila this ___ of September, Two Thousand and Eleven.
LEANDRO A. CONTI OIC/Chairman
VICENTE B. VOSOTROS
(Vacant)
Member
Member
Attested:
CARLOS G. ALMELOR Secretary, Professional Regulatory Boards Approved:
© 2011 by the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.
DEDICATED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROFESSION AND ITS ALLIED INDUSTRIES No part of this publication may be reproduced without the written permission from the Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers (PSME), except b y a reviewer who may quote brief passages or reproduce illustrations in a review with appropriate credit, nor may any part of this book be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted in any way or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or other means – without permission in writing from PSME. Requests for permission should be submitted at www.psmenow.org permissions. Volunteer members of PSME Technical Committees and others compiled the information in this book, and it is generally reviewed and updated every four years. Comments, criticisms, and suggestions regarding the subject matter are invited. Any errors or omissions in the data should be brought to the attention of the Editor. Additions and corrections to Code volumes in print will be published in the Code published the year following, and, as soon as verified, on the PSME internet Web site. DISCLAIMER PSME has compiled this publication with care, but PSME has not investigated, and PSME expressly disclaims any duty to investigate, any product, service, process, procedure, design, or the like that may be described herein. Tha appearance of any technical data or editorial material in this publication does not constitute endorsement, warranty or guaranty by PSME of any product. Service process, procedure, design or the like. PSME does not warrant that the information in this publication is free of errors. The entire risk of the use of any information in this publication is assumed entirely by the user. ISBN 978-971-92728-1-6 ISSN 2094-8484 The paper for this book is both acid and elemental chlorine-free and was manufactured with pulp obtained from sources using sustainable forestry practices. The printing used soy-based inks.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Put Publisher’s final list of table of contents here including the pages for which this is written.
CONTRIBUTORS In addition to the Technical Committees, the following individuals or groups contributed significantly to this Code.
PSME CHAPTERS (NCR) Academe Makati Medical Services Metro Marikina Port Area Quezon City Central
Mandaluyong Metrosouth LOGOMEAP
Manila (Host) Pasig
PSME CHAPTERS (LUZON) Albay-Legaspi Bacon-Manito Bulacan East Cagayan Valley Cordillera Daet (Cam Norte) Nueva Ecija Palawan Quezon Province Rio Tuba
Batangas Camsur-Naga Ilocos Pampanga Subic
Batangas East Cavite Makban QBL Western Batangas
PSME CHAPTERS (VISAYAS) Aklan Cebu Datu Sikatuna (Bohol) Isabel (Leyte) Negros Island Ormoc Kananga Toledo
Cebu South (Naga) Lapu-Lapu Palinpinon
Cebu West Mandaue Panay
PSME CHAPTERS (MINDANAO) Agusan Allah Valley Cotabato Davao General Santos Iligan Bay Pagadian Polomolok Zamboanga Del Norte Zambasulta
Bukidnon Davao Del Norte Misamis Occidental Sultan Kudarat
Cagayan De Oro Davao Del Sur Mount Apo Surigao
PSME CHAPTERS (INTERNATIONAL) Abu Dhabi (UAE) Bahrain Dubai (UAE) Qatar Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia (Central Region) __________________________________________________________________________________________ REVIEWERS: Roldan Araga, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Inc. Edwin Delgado, Desco Inc. Guillermo Simeon / Amadeo Rosete, Enertech Inc. Mel Vicencio / Liyod Dela Torre, International Elevator and Equipment, Inc. Jungi R. Puerte Emerson M. Tera, Petron Inc. Andrew Uy, Nestle Phils., Inc. ___________________________________________________________________________________________
PSME CODE REVISION COMMITTEE Joseph RF David, VP-Technical Affairs Ramon D. Aguilos Dominador G. Castro, Jr. Martin Ernesto L. Kalaw Archie B. Maglaya Rosendo C. Perez, Jr. Gerardo T. Salandanan
Fernando M. Guevarra, Chairman
Dennis L. Alejandro Herminio M. David Danilo M. Kalingasan Vitaliano F. Mamawal III Antonio O. Salazar Bernardo Terrobias
Dean A. Cancino Luis M. Del Barrio Cesar DL. Lim Nelson M. Pasamonte Rolando So
____________________________________________________________________________
THE REVISED PHILIPPINE MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CODE: FOCUS ON IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT, LIFE, SAFETY AND HEALTH The Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers is the Philippines’ only integrated technical society in the field of mechanical engineering. Its members, scattered throughout the world are individuals who share ideas, support research, identify needs, and write the Philippine industry’s standards for testing and practice. The result is that engineers are better able to keep indoor environments safe and productive while protecting and preserving the outdoors and the environment for generations to come. There are noticeable differences between this Revised Code and the previous versions: The earlier version/s were written more as a reference manual instead of a code, they describe theories and practices in operation rather than follow the mandate in accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines and, they have not been updated to conform with current practices in accordance with international standards and norms. This new code follows stipulated international practices and the uniform mechanical code, and focuses on the paramount concern in the world today, the environment, life, safety and health. The PSME is tasked to safeguard the people by all means in compliance with the National Building Code of the Philippines, specifically Section 102 Declaration of Policy and Chapter 13, Section 1302 Mechanical Regulation. One of the ways that PSME supports its members and the industry’s need for information is through PSME Research enabling members to benefit from the combined effort of committee members who have the experience in determining the important information that is incorporated in this Code. Finally, we acknowledge the contributions of the past Code committees who started it all, pioneers who have contributed their time, effort and persistence in order for the Philippines to have a blueprint to follow in the field of mechanical engineering, most especially to Engr.EDUARDO P. MENCIAS, the past chairman of several early publications. If you are interested to become a member of PSME Research, please contact PSME, Unit 401, Fourth Floor, Don Lorenzo Building, 889 P. Paredes St., Sampaloc, Manila Philippines, with tel. no. (+632) 736-2043 and URL: http://www.psmenow.org.
PREFACE
The 2011 Philippine Mechanical Engineering Code covers basic principles and data used in the mechanical engineering field. The PSME Technical Committee that prepared these chapters, strive not only to provide new information, but also to clarify past and existing information, delete obsolete materials, and reorganize the chapters and their contents to make the Code more understandable and easier to use. Unlike a Handbook, this Code is intended not only for mechanical engineers but also to the general public as well. A code is full of terms, information and guidelines. A handbook helps to explain things and principles on how an object, a process, and a system functions. The intent of this Code is to cover mechanical engineering practice for multiple residential, commercial and industrial edifices, typically where the greater population reside and work. There is a limit where we cannot cover plant manufacturing processes such as cement plants, oil refineries, power plants and the like simply because these are business concerns with proprietary rights to their technology. Further, the people interaction is not with the public but limited only to experienced personnel and experts with interests to such a facility. For an engineer to learn the principles on how these plants work and operate, he only has to refer to a Handbook. Despite this situation, we have endeavored to cover in this Code the minimum mandatory requirement on how to properly install mechanical equipment to protect the public. Likewise, the language in this Code is written to be understood by everyone and not only mechanical engineers, in support of the mandate bestowed upon us by the National Building Code of the Philippines. A typical user of this Code, be he a building official, a government engineer, a trade practitioner who may be a project owner, a consultant, or an engineering supplier, reading, interpreting or conceptualizing designs, preparing or writing reports, specifications and other documents related to a project, a contractor who undertakes the scheduling, building and commissioning of a small or large project, even a foreign entity who joins bids, read the terms of references and carry out the
tasks involved in the project he will be doing refer to such a Code as mandated by the government for the interest of the general public’s welfare on the preservation of the environment, the protection of life, the safeguarding of one’s safety and to shelter each individual’s health within and without the workplace. The reader will view the chapters as new but, as soon as he comprehends the contents, knowledge gained will germinate into creative ideas, and applications will come in as second nature but achieving the wisdom that he is preserving his surroundings and the population that might be affected with his decisions. This edition radically departs from the previous editions in that the Technical Committee adopted the Uniform Mechanical Code which has been in use all over the world by both developed and developing countries, to suit our local climatic conditions and practical usage. Also new for this volume are chapter orders and groupings revised for a more logical flow and use. Some of the revisions and additions to the volumes are as follows: * Chapter 1 and 2, Administration and Definitions respectively, have outlined a process to follow for an Authority Having Jurisdiction, normally the government, in charge of issuing guidelines, collecting fees and penalties, and implementing and enforcing the laws of the land. This is immediately followed by the typical definitions, words and derivatives, terms and phrases and certain abbreviations related to all things mechanical, for the immediate understanding of everyone reading the Code. * Chapter 3, General Requirements discusses the general requirement of heat producing and energy utilizing equipment which must conform to the requirements of this Code and shall not be installed or altered in violation of this Code. * Air being the primary building component of life figures prominently in Chapter 4, Ventilation Air Supply, Chapter 5, Exhaust Systems, and Chapter 6 Duct Systems, speak about the prerequisites on
natural, indoor and system ventilation conditions and requirements as well as the conveyance of air in various applications. * Chapter 7 to 9 relate to Combustion Air, Chimneys and Vents and Smoke Control Systems for all industrial, commercial and residential applications paying special attention to safety at all costs. * Chapter 10 shifts to another essential building block for humans, water. Water takes countless forms when used as an energy source. Hydronics, the chapter’s title is defined by the Webster dictionary as: relating to or being a system of heating or cooling that involves transfer of heat by a circulating fluid (as water or vapor) in a closed system of pipes. In this chapter, everything about piping is thoroughly discussed including but not limited to piping materials, accessories pertaining to piping, installation methods, testing and marking. * Chapter 11 deals with steam and hot water boilers for different applications and applies to the construction, operation, repair and alteration of all boilers and pressure vessels. * Chapter 12 shifts to the topic on the absence of heat, Refrigeration. In this chapter, refrigeration system, machinery rooms, equipment control, ventilation, safety and protection, installation, maintenance and testing are given prominence including tables of current refrigerants in use. * Chapter 13, Installation of Equipment, is geared toward the safety installation, commissioning, and testing of specific equipment such as air conditioning systems, ventilation appliances, refrigeration equipment, low pressure boilers, plenums and air ducts, food service equipment, clothes dryers, household cooking appliances, illuminating appliances, incinerators, pool heaters, and power generators. * Chapter 14, Water Supply, deals with potable and non-potable water supply systems in all types of buildings whether industrial, commercial or residential including various piping and plumbing materials. * Chapter 15 to 19 deal extensively with the
different kinds of piping systems in a given situation, Drainage Piping, Vent Piping, Storm Drainage Piping, Fuel Gas Piping, and Medical Gas and Vacuum Piping. These topics touch on other disciplines intermingling with the mechanical engineering profession and the thorough discussion will serve the reader well in his chosen field. * Chapter 20, Fire Protection System, is given prominence in this Code and is written to put more teeth to the implementation of the Republic of the Philippines’ Fire Code. This was reviewed extensively by a panel of experts and no doubt, will be read thoroughly by you as well. * Chapter 21, Indirect Waste, Traps and Interceptors just shows that for all the equipment safety and protection undertaking, there is bound to be waste in a system such as condensate, solid waste, chemical waste, air and smell wastes detrimental to health. This chapter amplifies the topic mentioned. * Chapter 22, Flammable and Combustible Liquid Piping Systems and Storage deals with the safety management of handling combustible liquids. This chapter is very explicit and detailed when it comes to information data, testing, installation, commissioning, security and markings, and disposal management. The local government will be empowered to come up with ordinances pertaining to safety for this particularly hot topic. * Chapter 23, Pressure Vessels, deals with both unfired and fired pressure vessels and discusses extensively on the design and construction, installation, safety, inspection, identification and even provisions for the certification and training of qualified welders and inspectors. * Chapter 24, aptly titled Building Transportation, include topics on the design, construction, installation, alteration, inspection, maintenance, testing, operation, repairing and licensing of all types of elevators, escalators, moving walks, dumbwaiters, man-lifts, private residence elevators and inclined elevators, inclined lifts, reciprocating conveyors, wheelchair lifts, inclined stairway chair lifts, private residence inclined stairway chair lifts and wheelchair lifts, their hoistways and their appurtenances. It does not cover belts, buckets,
scoops or roller conveyors, tie-ring and piling machine hoists, automobile grease hoists, building hoists, skip hoists, mine devices, lift bridges and freight platform hoists. * Chapter 25, Energy Conservation is a unique chapter dealing with energy efficiency to help and support the government’s effort in operating and maintaining a stable electrical grid. The aim of this chapter is to make the reader be aware of how to achieve energy efficient buildings without sacrificing comfort which ultimately leads to a sustainable environment, less greenhouse gas emissions and reduced global warming. This chapter points to the adoption of the 2010 PSVARE Standard on Energy Efficient Buildings developed by the Philippine Society of Ventilating Air Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers Inc., a professional affiliate of PSME. * Chapter 26, Standard Practice for the Control of Flammable and Combustible Liquids and Gases in Manholes, Sewer and Underground Structures is a contentious topic to give government enforcement officials, fire authorities, contractors and owners of underground structures, guidance on problems involving flammable and combustible liquids and gases that might be found in underground structures. A table of properties of some flammable and combustible liquids and gases found in underground structures is provided at the end of the chapter. *
Chapter 27, Renewable Energy Source and Chapter 28, Non-Renewable Energy Source are chapters we envision to become part of the mechanical engineering field that will have a dynamic evolution. While the chapters are yet to be completed, we enjoin the reader especially the mechanical engineering practitioner to contribute to bring our country forward in the millennium when it comes to renewable technology about solar, wind, ocean thermal energy, geothermal and dendrothermal, biomass and hydro-electric, and. stationary fuel cell, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactors,
fossil fired and internal combustion power plants. The concepts and specific information about each technology may be known to some individuals or groups, whether local or foreign. We ask them to come forward as contributors and become part of the Committee in future Code publications. * Finally, Chapter 29, Standards, lists a summary of standard numbers of the different organizations and associations all over the world adopted by PSME based on best practices and years of experience of each organization’s attempt in preserving order in the area of mechanical engineering practice. We honor them by generously quoting their knowledge resources and adopting their good engineering practices adapted to our country’s prevailing conditions. This volume is published as a bound print volume in one edition using dual units of measurement, inch-pounds (IP) and the International System of Units (SI). Corrections and Additions will be listed in subsequent volumes and on the PSME website, www.psmenow.org. Reader comments are enthusiastically invited. To suggest improvements for a chapter, please comment using the cutout page(s) at the end of this volume’s index, write to Handbook Editor, PSME, Unit 401, Fourth Floor, Don Lorenzo Building, 889 P. Paredes St., Sampaloc, Manila Philippines, Tel (+632) 736-2043. URL: http://www.psmenow.org. The Code Editor
