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CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW LA W UNIVERSITY
FEMALE AS KARTA (FAMILY LAW II! SUBMITTED TO :MR. RAVI RAVI RANJAN SIR FACULTY OF FAMILY LAW
SUBMITTED BY :ANKIT ANAND ROLL NO :- 917,
TABLE OF CONTENT
4TH SEMESTER
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1. ACKNOWLED"EMENT############.####..($%! &. OBJECT OF STUDY####################.($4! %. RESEARCH METHODOLO"Y###########.####...($4! 4. HY'OTHESIS#######################($4! . SOURCE OF DATA####################...($4! ). INTRODUCTION#################.####..($4! 7. 'OSITION 'RIOR TO THE ACT OF 19)#######.###.($)-$*! *. 'OSITION AFTER THE ENACTMENT OF HINDU SUCESSION ACT 19##########################.....($9-1&! 11. CASE LAW AND JUDICIAL VIEW############.(1%-1)! 1&. CONCLUSION######################.(17! 1%. BIBLIO"RA'HY#####################.(1*!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
2
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T+ /0 23 20 + 5F68 / K +/ 0 8 2 ; </ =<08 /+ ><+ + /?2 0@ +8 2= 28 =26 <2?/ ?/. M /<0 +0/ ;2 2 88 + 66/ ><+2? >+26 + /?@ 2?8@ 02 + 26 2 </ /0 /. I 6 2?@ 2 02>8@; ;<?@ 2 + <0@<<@?8/ @?<0; 6 /?@ 0@ ><+2? >+26 + /?@ 6 02 268@. I + 0 ++2 ;0?<08 +8@ 6.
W<+ <660/ 8/?, I // 6 @/ /0/ 2= ;<?@ 2 M. R< R030 /<, F?8 =2 F6<8 L>, C+0 N<208 L> U0</< =2 +8<0; 6 <0 6 23. I 6 8/2 +0=?8 2 + >+28 C+0 N<208 L> U0</< =6<8 + 2<@@ 6 88 + 6<8 I ?<@ =2 + 23. N2 2 =2; +0<0; 2 6 0/ ><+2? + 2-2<20 2= >+<+ 268<20 2= +2?8@ 02 +@ 0 2//<8.
I + 6@ ==2 2 02>8@; @</, ? I 282;</ <0 @0 =2 0 26
OBJECT OF STUDY:
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A= 60@60 6@ H<0@? S?//<20 (A60@60! A, &$$, @?;+ 0 20 2= HUF 8< + /20/ 2= HUF. B<0; 20, /+ 0 8/2 / <<20 2= + @>88<0; +2?/ >+ + =6<8 /<@/ 0@ /+ 0 8/2 @0 ><88. S2,+260 <0 +< /208 8>/. A0 6 +/ 8/2 0 6@ 2 26 + <0+<0 <;+/ 2= >260 <0 +< /< /208 8>/. T+ + 8/2 +<;+8<;+/ + @/< =26/ 2?;+ 2? <0 + H<0@? >260/ <;+ 2 2 + H<0@? S?//<20 (A60@60! A &$$ + 20=@ <+ <;+ 2 H<0@? >260 <0 + M<+/+ 32<0 H<0@? =6<8 2. T+?/, < + 0?0/ 2= F68 / K.
RESEARCH METHEDOLO"Y: T+ /+ 6+2@282; ?/@ + <0 + /+ >2 >2?8@ + @2<08 /+ 6+2@282; 0@ + 0< 200 >2?8@ /@ 20 + /<=< 6<8/ 288@ +2?;+ @<==0 22/ 0@ 32?08/.
HY'OTHESIS: T+ /+ +2+/ ;<0 2 + =68 = + 60@60 2= &$$.
SOURCE OF DATA: F2 0 23, /+ /+ +/ >2 /2?/ 2= @ :-1.'<6 @ &. S20@ @. H /+ +/ 8<@ ?20 + /20@ @ <0 + =26/ 2= 22/, 32?08/, <8/, / 8>/ 0@ 2+ 208<0 6<8 . 8@ 2 +<0@? 8>.
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1. INTRODUCTION T+ K 2= H<0@? 32<0 F6<8 <0 H<0@? L> +28 =6<8 0@ 822/ = + >8= 2= 88 + 66/ 2= + =6<8. H<+ 2+ 66/ +2 26/ + K 2 C0 =68 66 2= H<0@? J2<0 F6<8 26 K +0 <0 /?+ <?6/0/ ++<+ + @8 ><+ + 2= + 3?@<< >+0 632 / 2>@/ 0@<0; ;0@ @260 <0 /2< +/ 0 0 <0 + =26 2= T+ H<0@? S?//<20 A60@60 A, &$$. T+88. N2> + @?;+/ <+ ><88 ?< <;+/ 2 20 2. E8< >260 > 02 <08?@@ / 20 66/, 0@ 2@<0; 2 + H<0@? /;/ 208 20 0 26 , 0@ +=2 + 2?8@ 02 + K. B? 02> ?/ 2= + +0;@ 2/<<20 2= @?;+/ / 20/ + /<?<20 260 26<0; K. T+ @</ <>/ 2= + C2? / 20 + + <@ 2 8<0 + 2/<<20 2= >260 <0 8<20 2 + 2= K, > + 8/2, ;2<0; +2?;+ /-8>/ 0@ 3?@<<8 202?060/. O? '23 <+ +<+ 0 >260 . T+ +<@ @8/ ><+ ;?60/ =2 0@ ;<0/ 2= >260 / K. T+ L/
S<0 0<0 <6/ + =6<0; 2= 88 2 8>/ + 0 8?/<8 =2 + 0=< 2= 60, 0@ >260 +/ 0 @ / /?/<0, 0@ @0@0 20 68 /?2. T+ <;+ 2 2
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2. Pos!on "ror !o !#$ Ac! o% 1&'( H<0@?/ > ;20@ S+/< 0@ C?/26 8>/ >+<+ <@ =26 ;<20 2 ;<20 0@ /26<6/ < <@ <0 + /6 ;<20 20 / / @<==<?8, < 8@ 2 @</< <0 + 8>. C20/?08, <0 6/ 2= /?//<20 8/2, + > @<==0 /+228/, 8< D+; <0 B0;8 0@
+ @32<0<0; /
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<08?@<0; +8= /260 6<@ <02 + =6<8 /?+ / /62+, /20/ ><@2>, 2+/ ><@2> 0@ 8/2 60 2+ =68/ 8//<=<@ / 0@+?/. Durng !#$ Br!s# R$g)$
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T#$ Indan Cons!!u!on
T+ =6/ 2= + I0@<0 C20/<?<20 22 02 2= + @/ 0@ @260 <0 /2< 0@ 22 /<8 2 0/? + + S 22 2/<< // 2 ;< + ?8 /?/. A<8/ 14, 1(&! 0@ (%! 0@ 1) 2= + C20/<?<20 2= I0@<, +?/ 02 208 <0+<< @260 ? <0 2< <?6/0/ 2<@ = +0@ 2 + S 2 2<@ 2< @260.7 T+/ 2+<+ 02 8// =?0@608 <0 + ;200 2= + S 0@ <0-8< 8/2 2<@ + + S /+88 0@2? 2 0/? ?8< >0 60 0@ >260 N2><+/0@<0; +/ 20/<?<208 60@/@<</ ;<0 62 +0 =<= / ;2, >260 0 08 =6<8 / >88 / <0 + =6<8 /+ 6</ <02 ?/ 2= 80 @
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T+ H<0@? S?//<20 A,19 =26@ + H<0@? /208 8> 0@ ; >260 ; 2 <;+/, 882><0; + =?88 2>0/+< <;+/ <0/@ 2= 8<6<@ <;+/ <0 2. T+ @?;+/ > 8/2 ;0@ 2 <;+/ <0 +< =+/ /. I0 + 6 2= /?//<20 2 + 2 2= H<0@? 68 @<0; <0/, + A 8/ @2>0 / 2= ;08 ?8/ <0 /<20/ * 2 1%. S<20/ 1 0@ 1) 2= + A 20<0 / ;08 ?8/ ==<0; /?//<20 2 + 2 2= =68 <0/. S2<8 3?/< @60@/ + >260 /+2?8@ @ ?88 2+ <0 + 2026< 0@ + /2<8 /+.* D260 6@ + 8;/ ;20<0; + <0+<0/?//<20 2= 2 620;/ + 66/ 2= J2<0 H<0@? =6<8. I /6/ + +260 + <<0; 0@. '2/<<20
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T+ L> C266/ 200@ ><+ + @++ + M</+ 20 /+2?8@ <0@ / 2<@@ <0 /<20 ) 2= + H<0@? S?//<20 A, 19), 2 <0 0 8@ =26, 2 < /+2?8@ 288 28 2+ ?/<20/ <028@ 8/2, 8< /+2?8@ >260 <0 /0 2= 68 66/ T+ C266/ 2 0@ ;0@ @+<+ / 6@ + 8;<.1*"*,"1-.*>0p"&.IST
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=26 + 0/8 2 20 + @?;+. B <+ @?;+ >2?8@ ?< 2 <;+/ 0@ >2?8@ 8< 0 2+ 20. I0 + = 2= /?+ 6?8<8<< 2= /?//<20 8>/ @</ <0 +< 0?, 2 8>/ 20<0?@ 2 268 0@ @260. T+ /2<8 =26 6260 @?<0; + -<0@0@0 <2@ <0<<@. A= T+ H<0@? S?//<20 A60@60 A, &$$ >260 2;02 2@ 2= /20/ ><+<0 32<0 =6<8 0@ 20/ 0@ /2 20. T+?/ 0/8 2 20<0?/ 2 ;20@ >+288 <8<08 ;<6, >+<0 2 @/0@/ 208 +2?;+ + 68 8<0 / 208 + 68 66/ 2= 32<0 H<0@? =6<8 + 0 <0/ <+ <0 + 32<0 2 20 2. S<0 >260 2?8@ 02 20, /+ >/ 02 0<8@ 2 /+ <0 + 0/8 2 <+. A /20/ /+ <0 + 2 <0 / + =+ @</ <0/ >2?8@ <0 @@<<20 2 + /+ + +/ 20 <+. B? = + 60@60 @?;+/ + =26 <+ 20 <;+/. S2 + 0 / / + 02> 2;0
C0 W260 B K A ?/<200< >/ C266/ 2= + ?8< ;@<0; ;<<0; 2= <;+/ 2 @?;+ <0 + M</+ 2 2= H<0@? ?0@<<@@ =6<8. T+
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2 + ?/<200<. %$ /20@0/ > =26 + 2=//<20 2= 8> 0@ + / 260@ + @?;+ 2 26 K <0 + J2<0 F6<8. T+ 0268 2/<<20 2= 8> @2/ 02 ;< /?+ <;+ 2 >260 ?0@ /<8 <?6/0/. I= /?+ <;+ +0 >+ ><88 + 2/ 0@ 20/ 2 >+ /+2?8@ > /0<20 /?+ <;+, =2 >+ /20/ /+2?8@ >260 882>@ 2 26 + 60; 2= 32<0 =6<8 T2 0/> 88 +/ ?/<20/ > ><88 + 2 822 <02 ;?60/ >+<+ =2? + >260 26<0; K 0@ + ;?60/ >+<+ @2 02 =2? /?+ @
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+6/8/ ?8 2 0 / 0@ <= >260 <0=8?0@ +< +?/0@/ 0@ +< =6<8</, 60 02 8// <0=8?0@ +< ></ 0@ +< =6<8</. T+<88 0@ ;0@ @<88 + ?8 <0+<2 2= + 0/8 2, + <0-8>/ 6 02 <0/. I 88<0; ><88 02 8<0@ ><+2? + // 20/0. T+?/ ><88 6 + 2/<<20 /20;. S+ ><88 02> 26 66 ?8 2 + / 0 2+ 68 66. S?+ 0 ><88 /@ >0// 0@ <0/ 8< 620; >260 / + ><88 <028@ <0 =6<8 ==</ 0@ + ><88 + / <0 ?/<0//. Argu)$n!s Agans! Wo)$n B$co)ng Kar!a
D?;+/ 002 6@ / + 8< > =26 32<0 =6<8 = +< 6<; + @?;+-<0-8>/ @2 02 8/2 2<;<088 820; 2 +< <0-8>/ =6<8, 0@ +=2 +< 2//<<8< 2= 26<0; 260 6@ +0 +<88 8@ 2 <02860 2= >260 <0 ?/<0// ==</ +<88 8@ 2 @260 2= +2?/-+28@ ?/?88 ?/ ><+ +< @26/< >2, 0 <= + 6@ + ><88 20 + @< 2= =6<8 66/ 0@ <0 62/ // >+ + >260 <88 3?/ 8@ 2 <@8 66/ 2= + 32<0 =6<8 2/<0; + 0/ 2= + +@->2<0; W+ ><88 + >2 2= + 68 66/ <= =68 66/ 2= 32<0 =6<8 6@ . W260 <08 2= 60;<0; 2</ 2 ;<?8?, + <08 2= ?00<0; ?/<0//.
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I= >260 6@ ><88 + 0<8@ 2 0 <0@ 2= 6<000 ++<+ @.1%
. CA,E LAW, AND UDICIAL 3IEW
T+ 2//<<8< 2= =68 <0; + K <0 /0 2= /0<2 68 66 ++ <0 + /0 2= + 60;, >++ 2820;@ 32?0/ 2@ 2 @<0; ><+2? 8<0; 02+ 60; 2 /?@ +<6 <0 +<+ + 8?/< 2>/ 2= 60;/ 2 @8 ><+ + <0// 2= 6<02/ <0 + J2<0 F6<8 '2. S2, + /28?<20 8</ <0 2? 8<;<2?/ >+<+ <= 2= 0 /0, 2 + ><@2> 2= @@ 60;, 2= =6<8 2 820;<0; 2 0?62?/ 6<02/, ?08 2 0 <02 20?8 8<20/+</ <0 +< 2>0 /20/, /208 =2 6<0<0<0; @0@0/ 0@ <0; + <2?/ ?@0/ 2= + =6<8. H, + 0=< 2= + =6<8 <88 <0@<0; ?20 + 60; >+0 + ?0/ 2 / 20 + /0 /<68 26<0; 2= ; / + / 6 . I <=, ;0 2 <8<==.
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N@ //N +-<6 <06 +0< ? + A <@ <, ?6/6 ??6+2 +< <= 0 <0@/ + +?/0@, + <0?@ <0 <6 2= @260 @8@ + // 2 <08, 2 ?0=< =2 <0@0@0 W+ 68 66 2= + =6<8 8</ <0 + =2882><0; /60. T+ >260 <0 ?/<20 +<8 + /20/<<8< // ><+ +, 0@ 2>/ /+2?8@ 2<2?/8 882>@ 2 + 2@<0;8.
T#$ Cas$ La4s5 In ,u""or!
I0 H?02260/?@/ /14 >+<+ >/ 20 2= + ;/ // <0 + + @8 ><+ + 2>/ 2= ><@2> 62+ / 60; 2= 2 2= + 6<02 /20, 0@ >/ <0 8< / <0 + 20 2= 60; /+< + +0 ;?@<0/+< 28 /2 88@. T+ / 2= + 8@/ >/ 02 >+2 /+ >/ 2 <0 >+ < /+ ?2@ 2 , ? >++ + >/ 0// 2 <0 + 6<02/ <0/ / ?0@/22@ + 8>. I0 '0@?0; D+ . '0@?0; "281, + + ><@2>@ 62+ //@ 262 6<02 /20/. S + >/ @=2 60; 0@ >/ +8@ 2 + 60;<8 2>/, 0@ + /20/ 2?8@ 02 ?@< + @.
1, AIR(1939) 1 MLJ 792 1- AIR(34) 1947 Nagpur 178)
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I0 I.T C266. . L/+6< N01), + 62+ / 2= + ?0@<<@@ =6<8 20/2 6<02 /20/ 0@ <02 0/+< 0><0; + + 0/+< >+<+ + 8 +?/0@ +@ +@ ><+ + >260 2?8@ 20 0@ /2 2//<8 0 60;/, 0@ 02@ + =68 6<;+ + 60; 2= 8<;<2?/ 0@2>60. T+ A 2= 19%7 +/ <62@ + /?/ 2= + W<@2>.
T#$ Madras Pos!on
I0 S+< .. N/<6+ 17+ + ><@2>/ 8<6@ + + > ?0@<<@@ 66/ 2= + 20 + 2<20 2= + 2= &19%7. T+ 23@ 2 + 2<060 2= ;?@<0 =2 + 2 2= + 6<02/. T+ 2? 2<0@ 20 ><@2> ;?@<0 2= 20 2= + 6<02 0@ /0; >/ 2<0@ + ;?@<0 2= + 2+. N20 2= + ><@2>/ < >/ +8@ + 2?8@ 60;. T2 60; 20 6?/ ? 20, 68 ><+ <+ <;+ 0@ 02 6 /? <0/. I0 R@+ A668 . I.T266 <0 + 0/8 ?/<0//. I >/ +8@ + +/ 2?/<@ + 2>/ 0@ + @@ 2?8@ 02 ;
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1?AIR (1935) 37 BOMLR 692, 159 Ind Cas 424 1> AIR(1945) 1 MLJ 60 1
AIR 19$ M@ %*,
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T#$ Bo)6a7 +g# Cour!
I0 R+6< . S<<19 / 62+ / 60; 2= J2<0 F6<8 20/<@2> 0@ 6<02 /-/20 0@ 6<02 / @?;+ 0@ +@ + 2> 2 // + 60;<0; + / 0@ + ?+2< /+2?8@ 02, < >/ ?;@ ?0@6<0@ /?+ 0 2<060. T+ 80@ 2? /<@ + + 2 2?/ >/ 2 2<0 ;?@<0 =2 + 20 '2. A ><@2> 2?8@ 02 60; 2= J2<0 F6<8 '2. T+ / 2= S+< >/ ;@ ><+.
T#$ Orssa +g# Cour!5
I0 M;?0< '@+02 . L200<@+< L<0;3&$, < >/ +8@ + 62+, >+2/ +?/0@ / @@ 0@ +/ / @=2 ;?@<0. B? / 60; /+ +@ 02 2>/ >+. L6< N0/ / >/ 02 =2882>@. T+ '<0<8 + >260 2?8@ 60; >/ @
I0 S+2;?86 . K2?8@ 02 <0@<0; ?20 + =6<8. T+ / 2= M;?0< >/ 8<@ ?20. O0 + /?= < 6<;+ /6 + M@/ +/ + / 2= <. B? =?+ 6<0<20 6/ ?/ +/<. T+ 0?8 @/< + @/@ 62+/ 0@ ><@2>/ /+2?8@ + 68 2>/ 2 822
1+ AIR 1952 Bom 160, (1952) 54 BOMLR 55, ILR 1952 Bom 455 0* AIR 19) O< 1 01
AIR 19)1 ' &1&
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= +< 6<02 /20/ <0/, <0; =2 0//< 2 + 0=< 2= + F6<8, +/ //@ </8=, / +<0;/ ><88, <0 0 <;?8 >, /<0; + < >/ =?/@ <0 //<0; </8= <0 /26 ?/ <0 ;?8 >.
'.Conc8uson
U0@ + S+/< L>, @?;+ 20 6<; // 2 66 2= + 08 =6<8, ? + A60@<0; A/ + +0;@ + 2/<<20, >+<+ / 2;0+0 62+/ @ / ;?@<0/ 2= +< 6<02 /20/ = + @+ 2= +< +?/0@/, + @3? 20=60 2= + <;+ 8?@@ +. T+ 8> 266260 2<0; +6/8/ ?8 2 0 /. S<0 + 0 / 20</ +0 + 6?/ 8/2 ;<0 + 2>/ 2= K. T+ /+/ >260 2 / K <0 <0/0/ 8< >+0 + +?/0@ 2 6
P a g e |
18
E?8< =2 >260 /, ? 6/? 2= + 62@0< 2= I0@<0 /2< 0@ + ;6< 0? 2= 2? <<8
B68ogra"#7
R.K. A"RAWAL, HINDU LAW, C08 L> A;0 &%@ @, &$$7. D. 'ARAS DIWAN, FAMILY LAW, A88+@ L> A;0 1$+ @, &$1% B/?, M206, H<0@? W260 0@ M<; L>: F26 S60 2 C20, &$$1, O=2@ U0</< '//, ;. 1&1 D, J D?00, M H<0@? W260 + M0; 2= J2<0 F6<8 M</+ L>, 199, U0</8 B22 T@/, B26. L.R.., J., V28.- LVIII, ;- 1&) A;>8 R.K, H<0@? L>, 19+ E@<<20, C08 L> A;0, ;- &9* L> C266, M &$$$. B.S<6, C20 R<;+/ 2 D?;+/ C20/<?<208 0@ <0<208 I//?/, (1997! % SCC (J!, '.&. A88 I0@< R2/ R3 S+ '8<60 B?88<0 ' II. (N2 41**4! @@ + &7+ D6, &$$4. B+@+@ N<8<6 , S A60@60/ 2 H<0@? S?//<20 A 0@ C20=8< 2= L>/ : N@
P a g e | F2 L> R=26, (&$$1! 1 SCC (J2?! 4$ T+26/ E.C, T+ 2@ 2 ;0@ ?8<. S+< L8<, R=26<0; '2 R<;+/ O= W260
URLS +:>>>.++<0@?.26++<0@?6;&$$$9&/2</&$$$9&$$$$1$$.+6 +:>>>.6<88;G.26/?/<.+6 +:>>>.-<0@<.268><8/
19
