JURISPRUDENCE JURISPRUDENCE II
EXTRADITION EXTRADITI ON ACT, ACT, 1962
AN ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
M.TEJASWI, 201132
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TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION POSITION IN INDIA EVOLUTION OF THE ACT SCHEME OF THE ACT CONCEPTS OF JURISPRUDENCE AND EXTRADITION ACT 1!!3 AMENDMENT CRITICISM CONCLUSION TA"LE OF CASES TA"LE OF STATUTES A""REVIATIONS "I"LIOGRAPH#
PAGE NO. 3 4 5 6 11 12 14 15 15 15 15
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INTRODUCTION Extradition ma !" !ri"#$ d"%&ri!"d a% t'" %(rr"nd"r o# an a$$")"d or &on*i&t"d &rimina$ ! on" Stat" to anot'"r+ or" -r"&i%"$, "xtradition ma !" d"#in"d a% t'" -ro&"%% ! .'i&' on" Stat" (-on t'" r"/("%t o# anot'"r %(rr"nd"r% to t'" $att"r a -"r%on #o(nd .it'in it% 0(ri%di&tion #or tria$ and -(ni%'m"nt or, i# '" 'a% !""n a$r"ad &on*i&t"d, on$ #or -(ni%'m"nt, on a&&o(nt o# a &rim" -(ni%'a!$" ! t'" $a.% o# t'" r"/("%tin) Stat" and &ommitt"d o(t%id" t'" t"rritor o# t'" r"/("%t"d Stat"1+ T'" -(r-o%" o# "xtradition i% to !rin) t'" indi*id(a$ .it'in t'" r"/("%tin) &o(ntr% !o(ndari"% in ord"r to ma" a d"t"rmination o# )(i$t or inno&"n&", or to im-o%" -(ni%'m"nt+ 2 Extradition -$a% an im-ortant ro$" in t'" int"rnationa$ !att$" a)ain%t &rim"+ It o."% it% "xi%t"n&" to t'" %o3 &a$$"d -rin&i-$" o# t"rritoria$it o# &rimina$ $a., a&&ordin) to .'i&' a Stat" .i$$ not a--$ it% -"na$ %tat(t"% to a&t% &ommitt"d o(t%id" it% o.n !o(ndari"% "x&"-t .'"r" t'" -rot"&tion o# %-"&ia$ nationa$ int"r"%t% i% at %ta"+ In *i". o# t'" %o$idarit o# nation% in t'" r"-r"%%ion o# &rimina$it, 'o."*"r, a Stat", t'o()' r"#(%in) to im-o%" dir"&t -"na$ %an&tion% to o##"n&"% &ommitt"d a!road, i% (%(a$$ .i$$in) to &oo-"rat" ot'"r.i%" in !rin)in) t'" -"r-"trator to 0(%ti&" $"%t '" )o"% (n-(ni%'"d+ Traditiona$$, "xtradition $a. i% !a%"d on tr"ati"%+ T.o %tat"% t-i&a$$ a)r"" in a ! i$at"ra$ tr"at to %(rr"nd"r to "a&' ot'"r #()iti*"% &'ar)"d .it' an o##"n&"% &on%id"r"d "xtradita!$" (nd"r t'" a)r""m"nt+ A %tat" %""in) "xtradition o# a #()iti*" 4t'" r"/("%tin) %tat"5 addr"%%"% it% r"/("%t% to t'" )o*"rnm"nt o# t'" %tat" .'"r" t'" #()iti*" i% -r"%"nt 4t'" r"/("%t"d %tat"5, and t'" )o*"rnm"nt in*aria!$ a&t% (-on t'"%" r"/("%t%+ Dom"%ti& "xtradition %tat(t"% o&&a%iona$$ %(--$"m"nt %(!%tanti*" tr"at $a., !(t in )"n"ra$ t'" m"r"$ %-"&i# "xtradition -ro&"d(r"%+
17Int"r-o$ 8(id"3Extradition 'tt-::&!i+ni&+in a%%"%%"d on 1 ST ar&' 2;1< 2 T'" Unit"d Stat"% d"#in"d "xtradition to !" =t'" %(rr"nd"r ! on" nation to anot'"r o# an indi*id(a$ a&&(%"d or &on*i&t"d o# an o##"n&" o(t%id" o# it% o.n t"rritor and .it'in t'" t"rritoria$ 0(ri%di&tion o# t'" ot'"r .'i&', !"in) &om-"t"nt to tr and -(ni%' 'im, d"mand% t'" %(rr"nd"r+= 1> U+S+C+A+ ? 1>1 419>>5+
3 T'i% -att"rn 'o$d% tr(" "%-"&ia$$ in &ommon $a. &o(ntri"%+ In t'" Unit"d Stat"%, #or "xam-$", t'" on$ "xtradition %tat(t", t'" Extradition A&t o# 1><>, 1> U+S+C+ ?? 1>1319@ 419>>5, do"% no mor" t'an %-"&i# t'" -ro&"d(r"% ! .'i&' a #or"i)n %tat" m(%t r"/("%t a #()iti*", and ! .'i&' o##i&ia
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T'" "xtradition $a. t'at d"*"$o-"d #rom t'"%" !")innin)% a%%i)n% a ma0or ro$" to )o*"rnm"nt o##i&"r%, $"a*in) a *"r r"%tri&t"d on" #or &o(rt%+ T'" $a. -r"*"nt% 0(d)"% #rom in/(irin) into 0(di&ia$ and -"na$ &ondition% in t'" r"/("%tin) &o(ntr and &r"at"% a -att"rn o# 0(di&ia$ d"#"r"n&" to )o*"rnm"nt d"&i%ion% at a$$ $"*"$% o# t'" -ro&"%%+ It .a% a#t"r "ar$ nin"t""nt' &"nt(ri"% t'at %o*"r"i)n% !")an to &on&"ntrat" on "xtradition tr"ati"% #or &ommon &rim"% !"&a(%" o# t'" d"*"$o-m"nt o# n"., !"tt"r, and /(i&"r #orm% o # tran%-ortation, .'i&' a$$o."d &rimina$% )r"at"r a!i$it to &ommit &rim"% o*"r a $ar)"r r")ion+< OSITION IN INDIA In India t'" -ro*i%ion% o# Indian Extradition A&t, 1962, )o*"rn t'" "xtradition o# a #()iti*" #rom India to a #or"i)n &o(ntr or *i&"3*"r%a+ T'" !a%i% o# "xtradition &o($d !" a tr"at !"t.""n India and a #or"i)n &o(ntr+ Und"r %"&tion o# t'i% A&t, a noti#i&ation &o($d !" i%%("d ! t'" 8o*"rnm"nt o# India "xt"ndin) t'" -ro*i%ion% o# t'" A&t to t'" &o(ntr:&o(ntri"% noti#i"d+ In#ormation r")ardin) t'" #()iti*" &rimina$% .ant"d in #or"i)n &o(ntri"% i% r"&"i*"d dir"&t$ #rom t'" &on&"rn"d &o(ntr or t'ro()' t'" 8"n"ra$ S"&r"tariat o# t'" ICO3Int"r-o$ in t'" #orm o# r"d noti&"%+ T'" Int"r-o$ in) o# t'" C"ntra$ B(r"a( o# In*"%ti)ation imm"diat"$ -a%%"% it on to t'" &on&"rn"d -o$i&" or)aniation%+ T'" r"d noti&"% r"&"i*"d #rom t'" 8"n"ra$ S"&r"tariat ar" &ir&($at"d to a$$ t'" Stat" o$i&" a(t'oriti"% and immi)ration a(t'oriti"%+@ T'" /("%tion ari%"% t'at .'at a&tion, i# an, &an !" ta"n ! t'" o$i&" on r"&"i-t o# an in#ormation r")ardin) a #()iti*" &rimina$ .ant"d in a #or"i)n &o(ntr+ In t'i% &onn"&tion t'" #o$$o.in) -ro*i%ion% o# $a. ar" r"$"*ant
m(%t arr"%t and %(rr"nd"r t'" #()iti*"+ An a$t"rnati*" #orm($ation o&&(r% .'"n a %tat" -rom($)at"% "xtradition $a. in dom"%ti& $")i%$ation, and t'"n mo($d% "xtradition tr"ati"% to #it it% nationa$ $a.+
4 "rr, 8+C+ T'" Fo(r a0or "%t"rn A--roa&'"% To T'" o$iti&a$ O##"n%" Ex&"-tion To Extradition From In&"-tion To od"rn T"rrori%m, <; "r&"r L+ R"*+ ;9 5S(-ra Not" 1
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A&tion &an !" ta"n (nd"r t'" Indian Extradition A&t Arti&$" No+ < 4!5 o# 1962+ T'i% a&t -ro*id"% -ro&"d(r" #or t'" arr"%t and "xtradition o# #()iti*" &rimina$% (nd"r &"rtain &ondition%, .'i&' in&$(d"% r"&"i-t o# t'" r"/("%t t'ro()' di-$omati& &'ann"$% ONLY
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and (nd"r t'" .arrant i%%("d ! a a)i%trat" 'a*in) a &om-"t"nt 0(ri%di&tion+ A&tion &an a$%o !" ta"n (nd"r t'" -ro*i%ion% o# S"&tion <1 415 4)5 o# t'" Cr++C+, 19 .'i&' a(t'ori"% t'" -o$i&" to arr"%t a #()iti*" &rimina$ .it'o(t a .arrant, 'o."*"r, t'" m(%t imm"diat"$ r"#"r t'" matt"r to Int"r-o$ in) #or on.ard tran%mi%%ion to t'" 8o*"rnm"nt o# India #or tain) a d"&i%ion on "xtradition or ot'"r.i%"+
In &a%" t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ i% an Indian nationa$, a&tion &an a$%o !" ta"n (nd"r S"&tion 1>> Cr++C+, 19 a% i# t'" o##"n&" 'a% !""n &ommitt"d at an -$a&" in India at .'i&' '" ma !" #o(nd+ T'" tria$ o# %(&' a #()iti*" &rimina$ &an on$ ta" -$a&" .it' t'" -r"*io(% %an&tion o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ A% #ar a% India i% &on&"rn t'i% i%%(" i% a$.a% in $i)'t !"&a(%" o# n(m!"r o# &a%"%, %(&' a% Nad""m% "xtradition6 #or in*o$*"m"nt in 8($%an (mar (rd"r &a%" d"mand o# Da.ood #or in*o$*"m"nt in Bom!a Bom! B$a%t o# 1992+ T'" mo%t tra)i& &a%" .a% t'at o# Ra0an i$$ai, .'o .a% %"nt"n&"d to 0ai$ in Sin)a-or" #or "&onomi& o##"n&"%+ G", 'o."*"r, too r"#()" in India+ T'" Sin)a-or"an )o*"rnm"nt r"/("%t"d 'i% "xtradition+ G" .o($d -o%%i!$ 'a*" !""n %"nt !a& to Sin)a-or", !(t '" di"d (nd"r m%t"rio(% &ir&(m%tan&"% .'i$" in 0(di&ia$ &(%tod in t'" D"$'i 0ai$+ Und"r.or$d don and -rim" a&&(%"d in t'" (m!ai !$a%t% A!( Sa$"m, .'o 'a% !""n "xtradit"d #rom ort()a$ a$on) .it' .i#" oni&a B"di i% a$%o a $and mar in t'i% r")ard+ EHOLUTION OF EXTRADITION ACT T'" $a. o# "xtradition o# India 'a% (nd"r)on" man &'an)"% o*"r a -"riod o# tim"+ T'" $a. .'i&' !")an it% 0o(rn" .'"n India .a% %ti$$ a% &o$on 'a% "*o$*"d ti$$ it too t'" -r"%"nt %'a-" in 199+ T'" 'i%tor o# Indian Extradition La. #a$$% into #o(r -art% 415 19; 3 19< 425 19< 3 1962
6 Nad""m A'tar i% a m(%i& dir"&tor .'o 'a% !""n $in"d .it' 8($%'an (mar% m(rd"r &a%" ! t'" (m!ai -o$i&", 'tt-::...+!(%in"%%3%tandard+&om:arti&$":%-"&ia$%:nad""m3-r"-arin)3to3#i)'t3 "xtradition3to3india319;9;6;116J1+'tm$ a&&"%%"d on 1 ar&' 2;1<+
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45 1962 3199 4<5 199 on.ard% T'" Extradition A&t, < o# 1962 d($ "na&t"d ! ar$iam"nt, r"&"i*"d t'" a%%"nt o# t'" r"%id"nt on S"-t"m!"r 1@, 1962 and &am" into #or&" on Kan(ar @, 196+ T'" Extradition A&t, 1962 &on%o$idat"d t'" $a. r"$atin) to t'" "xtradition o# &rimina$ #()iti*" #rom India to #or"i)n %tat"%+ SCGEE OF TGE EXTRADITION ACT, 1962 T'" A&t &on%i%t% o# #i*" &'a-t"r% and t.o S&'"d($"%+ C'a-t"r I d"a$% .it' -r"$iminar matt"r%, *i+, %'ort tit$", "xt"nt and a--$i&a!i$it o# t'" A&t, and d"#inition% o# %om" im-ortant t"rm%+ C'a-t"r II d"a$% .it' t'" "xtradition o# #()iti*" &rimina$% to #or"i)n Stat"% and to Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% in )"n"ra$, and C'a-t"r III d"a$% .it' t'" r"t(rn o# #()iti*"% on$ to t'o%" Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% 'a*in) "xtradition arran)"m"nt% .it' India+ C'a-t"r IH i% &on&"rn"d .it' t'" r"t(rn o# a&&(%"d or &on*i&t"d -"r%on% #rom #or"i)n Stat"% or Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% to India and C'a-t"r H d"a$% .it' mi%&"$$an"o(% matt"r%, "+)+, 0(ri%di&tion a% to o##"n&"% &ommitt"d at %"a or in t'" air, t'" -o."r o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt to di%&'ar)" a #()iti*" &rimina$ (nd"r &"rtain &ir&(m%tan&"%, %im($tan"o(% r"/(i%ition% #rom mor" t'an on" Stat", &"rtain r"%tri&tion% on %(rr"nd"r, "t&+ T'" Fir%t S&'"d($" )i*"% a $i%t o# Common."a$t' &o(ntri"%, and t'" %"&ond )i*"% a $i%t o# "xtradition o##"n&"%+ T'" -ro*i%ion% o# t'" Extradition A&t, 1962, ma !" )ro(-"d into #o(r '"adin)% 4A5 8"n"ra$ &ondition% o# "xtradition+ T'r"" )"n"ra$ &ondition% #or "xtradition 'a*" "m"r)"d "##"&ti*"$ T'" rin&i-$" o# Do(!$" Crimina$it T'" "xi%t"n&" o# an "xtradita!$" o##"n&" and t'" "xi%t"n&" o# an Extradition Tr"at+ 4B5 C"rtain r"%tri&tion% on %(rr"nd"r+
7 Noti#i&ation NO+ 8+S+R+ @@ dat"d Kan(ar @ 196, o# t'" ini%tr o# Ext"rna$ A##air%, -(!$i%'"d in t'" 8a"tt" o# India, Extradition, art II o# t'at dat"5 A %'ort A&t, it &on%i%t% o# %-r"ad o*"r @ &'a-t"r%
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T'" #o$$o.in) &ondition% o# "xtradition ar" (%(a$$ in&or-orat"d in Extradition A&t% and Tr"ati"% t'"%" da% Extradition %'a$$ not !" )rant"d #or -o$iti&a$ o##"n&"% t'" r"/("%t #or "xtradition %'o($d not !" tim"3!arr"d t'" r($" o# %-"&ia$it Non Bi% in id"m+ 4C5 ro&"d(r" r")ardin) "xtradition o# #()iti*" &rimina$%+ 4D5 i%&"$$an"o(% -ro*i%ion% C'a-t"r H o# t'" A&t d"a$% .it' mi%&"$$an"o(% -ro*i%ion%+ T'" mor" im-ortant -ro*i%ion% on$ .i$$ !" di%&(%%"d '"r"+ K(ri%di&tion 3 In *i". o# t'" im-ortan&" air tra*"$ i% no. attainin) in "*"rda $i#", t'" 0(ri%di&tion o# t'i% A&t 'a% !""n "xt"nd"d to o##"n&"% &ommitt"d not on$ on !oard an *"%%"$ on t'" 'i)' %"a%, !(t a$%o on an air&ra#t .'i$" in t'" air o(t%id" India .'i&' &om"% into an a"rodrom" in India+> CONCETS OF KURISRUDENCE AND EXTRADITION ACT IUNITY It i% a r"&o)ni%"d -rin&i-$" o# int"rnationa$ $a. t'at -o$iti&a$ o##"nd"r% %'o($d not !" "xtradit"d+9 T'i% -rin&i-$" 'a% !""n in&or-orat"d in %"&tion 1 4a5 o# t'" 1962 Extradition A&t .'i&' r(n% a% #o$$o.% A #()iti*" &rimina$ %'a$$ not !" %(rr"nd"r"d or r"t(rn"d to a #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr, i# t'" o##"n&" in r"%-"&t o# .'i&' 'i% %(rr"nd"r i% %o()'t i% o# a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r or i# '" -ro*"% to t'" %ati%#a&tion o# t'" ma)i%trat" or &o(rt !"#or" .'om '" ma !" -rod(&"d or o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt t'at t'" r"/(i%ition or .arrant #or 'i% %(rr"nd"r 'a%, in #a&t, !" "n mad" .it' a *i". to tr or -(ni%' 'im #or an o##"n&" o# a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r+M T'" -ro*i%ion a!o(t -o$iti&a$ o##"nd"r% in t'" 1962 A&t i% di*id"d into t.o -art%+ Und"r t'" #ir%t -art, a #()iti*" &rimina$ %'a$$ not !" %(rr"nd"r"d i# t'" o##"n&" in r"%-"&t o# .'i&' 'i% %(rr"nd"r i% %o()'t i% o# a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r+ Und"r t'" %"&ond -art t'" %(rr"nd"r i% -ro'i!it"d
8 S"&tion 2 o# t'" Extradition A&t, 1962+ 9 Ex&$(%ion o# -o$iti&a$ o##"nd"r% #rom t'" %&o-" o# "xtradition $a.% a--"ar% a$mo%t (ni*"r%a$+ in R" C+ ;+ "non+ A+I+R+ 19@ adra% 29, @+
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i# t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ -ro*"% to t'" %ati%#a&tion o# t'" a)i%trat" or &o(rt !"#or" .'om '" ma !" -rod(&"d, or o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt, t'at t'" r"/(i%ition or .arrant #or 'i% %(rr"nd"r 'a%, in #a&t, !""n mad" .it' a *i". to tr to -(ni%' 'im #or an o##"n&" o# a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r+ It a--"ar% t'at t'" t.o -art% ar" m"ant to d"a$ .it' di##"r"nt %"t% o# &ir&(m%tan&"%+ Und"r t'" #ir%t, it ma a--"ar #rom t'" "*id"n&" )i*"n in %(--ort o# t'" r"/(i%ition ! t'" r"/("%tin) Stat", t'at t'" o##"n&" 'a% a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r+ Und"r t'" %"&ond, a$t'o()' t'" "*id"n&" t"nd"r"d ! t'" r"/("%tin) &o(ntr indi&at"% t'at on" o# t'" "xtradition o##"n&"% 'a% !""n &ommitt"d, t'" o##"nd"r ma %'o. t'at in #a&t t'" o##"n&" i% o# a -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r+ T'(%, i# t'" Stat" 7A r"/("%t% #or t'" Extradition o# 7X o n a &'ar)" o# m(rd"r, it ma a--"ar at t'" tria$ in t'" a%$(m %tat" #rom t'" "*id"n&" add(&"d ! t'" r"/("%tin) Stat", t'at t'" &rim" .a% &ommitt"d in t'" &o(r%" o# a r"!"$$ion+ T'" matt"r .i$$ t'"n #a$$ (nd"r t'" #ir%t -art+ On t'" ot'"r 'and, i# t'" "*id"n&" m"r"$ %'o.% t'at X i$$"d anot'"r -"r%on ! %'ootin) 'im on a -arti&($ar da, t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ ma %ti$$ )i*" "*id"n&" to %'o. t'at t'" %'ootin) too -$a&" d(rin) a r"!"$$ion and t'" &a%" .i$$ t'"n !" )o*"rn"d ! t'" %"&ond -art+ DISABILITY 3 IUNITY T'" 4Indian5 Extradition A&t, 1962, in it% %"&tion 1 465 -ro*id"% =A #()iti*" &rimina$ %'a$$ not !" %(rr"nd"r"d or r"t(rn"d to a #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr, i# -ro%"&(tion #or t'" o##"n&" in r"%-"&t o# .'i&' 'i% %(rr"nd"r i% %o()'t i% a&&ordin) to t'" $a. o# t'at Stat" or &o(ntr !arr"d ! tim"+= T'" -ro*i%ion !arrin) "xtradition d(" to $a-%" o# t im" i% on" .'i&' i% )"n"ra$$ in&or-orat"d in "xtradition tr"ati"% and %tat(t"%+ T'" *i". i% t'at "xtradition ma !" r"#(%"d .'"n t'" o##"n&" 'a% !"&om" tim"3 !arr"d (nd"r t'" $a. o# "it'"r t'" r"/("%tin) or t'" r"/("%t"d Stat"+1; T'"r"#or" t'i% %'a$$ !" a di%a!i$it to t'" r"/("%tin) &o(ntr in &a%" o# %(&' tim"3!arr"d -ro*i%ion "xi%t% in t'" $a. o# t'" r"/("%t"d &o(ntr+ LIABILITY IUNITY
10 ran&o38"rman Tr"at o# No*+ 9, 19@1 Dra#t Art+ o# t'" Con*"ntion on ExtraditionM ! t'" Con%($tati*" A%%"m!$ o# t'" Co(n&i$ o# E(ro-"+ 19@< t'" Int"r3Am"ri&an Dra#t Con*"ntion o# 19@6 t'" dra#t Art+ 1; on =Extradition= ! t'" A%ian3A#ri&an L")a$ Con%($tati*" Committ"", T'ird S"%%ion+ 196;+
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S"&tion 1 4&5 o# t'" -r"%"nt A&t, r(n% a% #o$$o.% A #()iti*" &rimina$ %'a$$ not !" %(rr"nd"r"d or r"t(rn"d to a #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr, (n$"%% -ro*i%ion i% mad" ! t'" $a. o# t'" #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr or in t'" "xtradition tr"at .it' t'" #or"i)n Stat" or "xtradition arran)"m"nt .it' t'" Common."a$t' &o(ntr, t'at t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ %'a$$ not, (nti$ '" 'a% !""n r"%tor"d or 'a% 'ad an o--ort(nit o# r"t(rnin) to India, !" d"tain"d or tri"d in t'at Stat" or &o(ntr #or an o##"n&" &ommitt"d -rior to 'i% %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn, ot'"r t'an t'" "xtradition o##"n&" -ro*"d ! t'" #a&t% on .'i&' 'i% %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn i% !a%"d+ T'" -rin&i-$" a%%o&iat"d .it' t'i% i% t'" R($" o# %-"&ia$t+ T'" -rin&i-$" o# %-"&ia$t, a&&ordin) to .'i&' "xtradition i% )rant"d on$ on t'" &ondition t'at t'" -"r%on "xtradit"d .i$$ not !" tri"d or %"nt"n&"d #or an o##"n&" ot'"r t'an t'at #or .'i&' "xtradition i% )rant"d, i% in&or-orat"d in man nationa$ "xtradition %tat(t"% and tr"ati"%+11 In ot'"r .ord%, t'" -"r%on i% $ia!$" #or on$ t'" o##"n&" '" 'a% &ommitt"d and %'a$$ !" "xtradit"d on$ #or t'at o##"n&"+ In an ot'"r &a%" '" "n0o% imm(nit and %'a$$ not !" "xtradit"d "x&"-t #or t'" o##"n&" '" 'a% -ro*"n to &ommit+ OER S"&tion 29 o# t'" A&t r"ad% a% #o$$o.% I# it a--"ar% to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt t'at ! r"a%on o# t'" tri*ia$ nat(r" o# t'" &a%" o# ! r"a%on o# t'" a--$i&ation #or t'" %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn o# a #()iti*" &rimina$ not !"in) mad" in )ood #ait' or in t'" int"r"%t o# 0(%ti&" or #or -o$iti&a$ r"a%on or ot'"r.i%", it i% (n0(%t or in"x-"di"nt to %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ it ma, ! ord"r, at an tim" %ta an -ro&""din)% (nd"r t'i% A&t and dir"&t an .arrant i%%("d or "ndor%"d (nd"r t'i% A&t to !" &an&"$$"d and t'" -"r%on #or .'o%" arr"%t t'" .arrant 'a% !""n i%%("d or "ndor%"d to !" di%&'ar)"d+M
11 Art+ > o# t'" Tr"at o# Extradition !"t.""n 8o*"rnm"nt o# India and t'" 8o*"rnm"nt o# N"-a$ 4O&t+19@5 %tat"% =A -"r%on %(rr"nd"r"d %'a$$ in no &a%" !" d"tain"d or tri"d in t'" t"rritor o# t'" 8o*"rnm"nt to .'i&' t'" %(rr"nd"r 'a% !""n mad" #or an ot'"r &rim" or on a&&o(nt o# an matt"r ot'"r t'an t'o%" #or .'i&' "xtradition 'a% ta"n -$a&" (nti$ '" 'a% !""n r"%tor"d, or 'ad an o--ort(nit o# r"t(rnin), to t'" t"rritor o# t'" 8o*"rnm"nt #rom .'i&' '" .a% %(rr"nd"r"d+=
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T'" A&t "m-o."r% t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt to di%&'ar)" a #()iti*" &rimina$ i# it a--"ar% 4to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt5 t'at, ! r"a%on o# t'" tri*ia$ nat(r" o# t'" &a%", or ! r"a%on o# t'" a--$i&ation #or t'" %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn o# a #()iti*" &rimina$ not !"in) mad" in )ood #ait', or in t'" int"r"%t% o# 0(%ti&", or #or -o$iti&a$ r"a%on% or ot'"r.i%", it i% (n0(%t or in"x-"di"nt to %(rr"nd"r or r"t(rn t'" #()iti*" &rimina$+ LA OF ROCEDURE T'" -ro&"d(r" r")ardin) "xtradition o# a #()iti*" &rimina$ to t'" r"/("%tin) Stat" 'a% !""n d"a$t .it' in C'a-t"r% II and III o# t'" A&t+ C'a-t"r II d"a$% .it' Extradition o# #()iti*" &rimina$% to #or"i)n Stat"% and to Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% to .'i&' C'a-t"r III do"% not a--$, and C'a-t"r III d"a$% .it' r"t(rn o# #()iti*" &rimina$% to Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% .it' "xtradition arran)"m"nt%+ ro&"d(r" (nd"r C'a-t"r II '"n a r"/(i%ition i% mad" to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt (nd"r C'a-t"r II ! a #or"i)n Stat" or a Common."a$t' &o(ntr, #or t'" %(rr"nd"r o# a #()iti*" &rimina$, t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt ma, i# it t'in% #it, i%%(" an ord"r to an ma)i%trat" dir"&tin) 'im to in/(ir" into t'" &a%"+ T'" ma)i%trat" t'"n %'a$$ i%%(" a .arrant #or t'" arr"%t o# t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ and .'"n t'" $att"r a--"ar% !"#or" 'im, t'" ma)i%trat" %'a$$, a% r"/(ir"d (nd"r %"&tion o# t'" A&t, in/(ir" into t'" &a%" in t'" %am" mann"r and %'a$$ 'a*" t'" %am" 0(ri%di&tion and -o."r%, a% n"ar$ a% ma !", a% i# t'" &a%" ."r" on" tria!$" ! a &o(rt o# %"%%ion or Gi)' Co(rt+ G" %'a$$ ta" %(&' "*id"n&" a% ma !" -rod(&"d in %(--ort o# t'" r"/(i%ition ! t'" #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr and a$%o on !"'a$# o# t'" o##"nd"r, in&$(din) an "*id"n&" to %'o. t'at t'" o##"n&" o# .'i&' t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ i% a&&(%"d or 'a% !""n &on*i&t"d i% an o##"n&" o# -o$iti&a$ &'ara&t"r, or i% not an "xtradition o##"n&"+ On tain) t'" "*id"n&", i# t'" ma)i%trat" i% o# t'" o-inion t'at a -rima #a&i" &a%" i% not mad" o(t in %(--ort o# t'" r"/(i%ition, '" %'a$$ di%&'ar)" t'" #()iti*" &rimina$+ On t'" ot'"r 'and, i# a -rima #a&i" &a%" i% mad" o(t in %(--ort o# t'" r"/(i%ition, '" %'a$$ r"-ort t'" r"%($t o# 'i% in/(ir to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt and %'a$$ #or.ard, to)"t'"r .it' %(&' r"-ort, an .ritt"n %tat"m"nt .'i&' t'" o##"nd"r ma d"%ir" to %(!mit #or t'" &on%id"ration o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ In t'" m"antim", t'" ma)i%trat" ma &ommit t'"
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#()iti*" &rimina$ to -ri%on to a.ait t'" ord"r% o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ I#, (-on r"&"i-t o# t'" r"-ort and t'" %tat"m"nt o# t'" #()iti*", t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt i% o# t'" o-inion t'at t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ o()'t to !" %(rr"nd"r"d to t'" #or"i)n Stat" or Common."a$t' &o(ntr, it .i$$ arran)" t'" %am"+ ro&"d(r" (nd"r C'a-t"r III '"n a .arrant i%%("d #or t'" a--r"'"n%ion o# a #()iti*" &rimina$ in a Common."a$t' &o(ntr to .'i&' t'i% C'a-t"r a--$i"% i% r"&"i*"d ! t'" 8o*"rnm"nt o# India, it ma indor%" %(&' a .arrant, i# %ati%#i"d t'at t'" .arrant .a% i%%("d ! a -"r%on 'a*in) $a.#($ a(t'orit to i%%(" t'" %am"+ T'i% indor%"d .arrant %'a$$ !" %(##i&i"nt a(t'orit to a--r"'"nd t'" -"r%on nam"d in t'" .arrant and to !rin) 'im !"#or" an ma)i%trat" in India+ I#, .'"n t'" #()iti*" o##"nd"r i% -$a&"d !"#or" 'im, t'" ma)i%trat" i% %ati%#i"d on in/(ir t'at t'" indor%"d .arrant #or t'" a--r"'"n%ion o# t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ i% d($ a(t'"nti&at"d and t'at t'" o##"n&" o# .'i&' t'" -"r%on i% a&&(%"d or 'a% !""n &on*i&t"d i% an "xtradition o##"n&", '" %'a$$ &ommit t'" o##"nd"r to -ri%on to a.ait 'i% r"t(rn and %'a$$ %"nd a &"rti#i&at" o# t'" &ommitta$ to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ On t'" ot'"r 'and, i# '" i% not %ati%#i"d a% to "it'"r o# t'"%" /("%tion%, '" ma d"tain t'" -"r%on in &(%tod or r"$"a%" 'im on !ai$, -"ndin) t'" r"&"i-t o# t'" ord"r% o# t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ In !ot' &a%"% t'" ma)i%trat" %'a$$ r"-ort t'" r"%($t o# 'i% in/(ir to t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt and #or.ard to)"t'"r .it' %(&' r"-ort an .ritt"n %tat"m"nt .'i&' t'" #()iti*" &rimina$ ma d"%ir" to %(!mit #or t'" &on%id"ration o# t'" 8o*"rnm"nt+ T'" matt"r .i$$ t'"n r"%t .it' t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt+ 199 AENDENT T'" Indian Extradition A&t, 1962 .a% %(!%tantia$$ modi#i"d in 199+ B(t #or t'" matt"r% -"ndin) !"#or", t'" ori)ina$ (nam"nd"d Indian Extradition A&t, 1962 .i$$ a--$+ T'" ori)ina$ A&t o# 1962 .a% am"nd"d ! A&t 66 o# 199+ T'" #o$$o.in) ar" t'" !a%i& &'an)"% t'at %tim($at"d in !rin)in) (- t'" Am"ndm"nt to Indian Extradition A&t, 1962+ Ear$i"r Extradition A&t, 1962 d"a$t %"-arat"$ .it' "xtradition to &ommon."a$t' &o(ntri"%+ Go."*"r, %(&' di%tin&tion did not 'o$d )ood in *i". o# t'" &'an)" o# tim" and ra-id Page | 11
d"*"$o-m"nt% in Extradition $a. at int"rnationa$ $"*"$+ Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% ar" &on&$(din) Extradition tr"ati"% amon) t'"m%"$*"%+ India a$%o 'a% &on&$(d"d %"-arat" "xtradition tr"ati"% .it' Canada and U+ or"o*"r, &i*i$ $a. &o(ntri"% 'a*" %-"&i#i& r"/(ir"m"nt% #or -(r-o%" o# "xtradition .it' t'"m+
In addition, t"rrori%m and dr()
tra##i&in), t'" t.o mo%t '"ino(% &rim"% a##"&tin) inno&"nt $i*"%, 'a*" t'ro.n &'a$$"n)"% n"&"%%itatin) &'an)"% in t'" "xtradition $a. to "##"&ti*"$ d"a$ .it' t'"%" n". &rim"%+ an int"rnationa$ &rim"% d"a$in) .it' t'"%" n". &rim"% 'a*" $aid %-"&i#i& o!$i)ation on %tat" -arti"% to "xtradit" or -ro%"&(t" a #()iti*" o##"nd"r+ India i% a -art to man o# t'"%" int"rnationa$ &on*"ntion%+ T'" -(r-o%" o# t'" 1992 Am"ndm"nt Bi$$ i% to am"nd t'" Extradition A&t, 1962, to %(ita!$ in&or-orat" in it t'" a!o*" not"d &'an)"% and to a&'i"*", int"r a$ia, t'" #o$$o.in) o!0"&ti*"% a+ to "na!$" India to &on&$(d" Extradition tr"ati"% .it' #or"i)n Stat"% in&$(din) t'" Common."a$t' &o(ntri"% .it'o(t tr"atin) t'"m %tr(&t(ra$$ di##"r"nt !+ to -ro*id" #or "xtra3t"rritoria$ 0(ri%di&tion o*"r #or"i)n"r% #or &rim"% &ommitt"d ! t'"m o(t%id" India &+ to in&or-orat" &om-o%it" o##"n&"% in t'" d"#inition o# Extradition o##"n&" d+ to "x&$(d" -o$iti&a$ o##"n&" a% a d"#"n&" in &a%"% o# o##"n&"% o# a %"rio(% nat(r" "+ to &o*"r Extradition r"/("%t% on t'" !a%i% o# Int"rnationa$ Con*"ntion% .it'in t'" %&o-" o# t'" A&t #+ to "na!$" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt
to
ma"
and
r"&"i*"
r"/("%t%
#or
-ro*i%iona$ arr"%t o# #()iti*"% in (r)"nt &a%"% -"ndin) t'" r"&"i-t o# t'" #orma$ Extradition r"/("%t )+ to "na!$" t'" C"ntra$ 8o*"rnm"nt to )i*" a%%(ran&" -(r%(ant to a tr"at o!$i)ation to t'" r"/("%t"d Stat" #or t'" non3"x"&(tion o# d"at' -"na $t+ CRITICIS T'" r($" non !i% in id"m i% a r($" o# )"n"ra$ a--$i&ation, .'i&' o--o%"% it%"$# to a$$ -ra&ti&"%, !ot' m(ni&i-a$ and int"rnationa$, .'i&' .o($d %(!0"&t a -"r%on to r"-"at"d 'ara%%m"nt #or t'" %am" a&t or a&t%+12 So (nd"r t'i% r($", .'i&' -ro*id"% a)ain%t do(!$" 0"o-ard #or t'" %am" a&t, "xtradition ma !" r"#(%"d i# t'" o##"nd"r 'a% a$r"ad !""n tri"d
12 419@5 29 AJIL, S(--+, 1<@+ Page | 12
and di%&'ar)"d or -(ni%'"d, or i% %ti$$ (nd"r tria$ in t'" r"/("%t"d Stat", #or t'" o##"n&" #or .'i&' "xtradition i% d"mand"d+ T'" -r"%"nt Extradition A&t do"% not ma" a %-"&i#i& m"ntion o# it, !(t t'" r($" i% in&or-orat"d in t'" Crimina$ ro&"d(r" Cod", S"&tion <;+ It i% a$%o .ort' m"ntionin) t'at %(&' a -ro*i%ion a--"ar% in t'" Extradition Tr"at !"t.""n India and N"-a$ "nt"r"d into d(rin) O&to!"r 19@+1 T'"r" i% a %i)ni#i&ant omi%%ion in t'" A&t+ T'i% i% .it' r")ard to Indian nationa$%+ T'" -r"&i%" /("%tion i% .'"t'"r India %'o($d "xtradit" it% nationa$% on a &'ar)" o# 'a*in) &ommitt"d an "xtradita!$" o##"n&" in a #or"i)n Stat", or .'"t'"r t'" %'o($d !" tri"d in India it%"$#+ T'" A&t do"% not t'ro. an $i)'t on t'" matt"r+ T'" ma0orit o# t'" Stat"% d"&$in" to "xtradit" t'"ir o.n nationa$%, and man o# t'"m1< 'a*" "x-r"%%$ -ro*id"d in t'"ir m(ni&i-a$ $")i%$ation #or t'" -rin&i-$" o# non3 "xtradition o# t'"ir nationa$%+ It i% im-$i"d in t'" -r"%"nt Extradition A&t, in $in" .it' t'" "xi%tin) -ra&ti&", t'at India ad'"r"% to t'" -rin&i-$" o # "xtraditin) it% o .n nationa$%+ An ana$%i% o# t'" "xtradition tr"ati"% o# India indi&at"% t'at in man &a%"% it i% not !o(nd to %(rr"nd"r it% o.n nationa$%+ 1@ In a #". tr"ati"%, .it' L(x"m!o(r), S-ain and S.it"r$and, India i% !o(nd to %(rr"nd"r it% nationa$% .'i$" t'" ot'"r -art i% not+ T'" Tr"at o# Extradition !"t.""n India and N"-a$ 419@5 -ro*id"% t'at on$ nationa$% o# t'" r"/("%tin) Stat" ma !" "xtradit"d+
13 Art 6+ =Extradition %'a$$ not ta" -$a&" i# t'" -"r%on .'o%" "xtradition i% &$aim"d ! on" o# t'" 8o*"rnm"nt% 'a% a$r"ad !""n tri"d and di%&'ar)"d or -(ni%'"d or i% %ti$$ (nd"r tria$ in t'" t"rritor o# t'" ot'"r )o*"rnm"nt #or t'" &rim" #or .'i&' "xtradition i% d"mand"d+=
14 A(%tria and G(n)ar, Co%ta Ri&a, C"&'o%$o*aia, Fran&", E%tonia, Lat*ia, Lit'(ania, Gaiti, Li"&'t"n%t"in, Nor.a, anama, "r (, S.it"r$and, T(r" and Ur()(a+ 15 A+ a$ani%.ami, T'" La. o# Extradition in IndiaM 419@<5 III Indian Year Book of International Affairs6+
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CONCLUSION La. &on%i%t% o# r($"% &r"at"d ! t'" L")i%$at(r" and a--$i"d and d"*"$o-"d ! t'" &o(rt%+ Bot' t'" L")i%$at(r" and t'" Co(rt% ar" t'" or)an% o# t'" Stat"+ Stat" i% t"rritoria$ in nat(r"+ G"n&" $a.% ar" %aid to !" t"rritoria$ in nat(r"+ A Stat" #ind% it di##i&($t to -(ni%' a -"r%on .'o 'a% &ommitt"d a &rim" "$%".'"r" main$ !"&a(%" o# $a& o# 0(ri%di&tion+ S(&' -"r%on% ar" t'"r"#or" %om"tim"% %(rr"nd"r"d to t'" Stat" .'"r" t'" &rim" 'a% !""n &ommitt"d+ S(&' %(rr"nd"r i% no.n a% "xtradition+ A&&ordin) to O--"n'"im "xtradition i% t'" d"$i*"r o# an a&&(%"d or a &on*i&t"d indi*id(a$ to t'" Stat" .'"r" '" i% a&&(%"d o# a &rim" or &on*i&t"d o# a &rim", ! t'" Stat" on .'o%" t"rritor '" 'a--"n% to !" #or t'" tim" !"in)+16 On an o*"ra$$ ana$%i% it i% &$"ar t'at t'" main -rin&i-$"% in&or-orat"d in t'" 4Indian5 Extradition A&t, 1962, ar" not di%%imi$ar to t'o%" (%(a$$ ado-t"d in "xtradition $")i%$ation+ It &an !" %aid .it'o(t "xa))"ration t'at t'" 1962 A&t 'a% not on$ r"-"a$"d !(t a$%o &(r"d man o# t'" d"#"&t% o# t'" -r"*io(% $")i%$ation and d"&r""% in t'i% #i"$d+
16 Int"rnationa$ La., Ho$+ I, 9 t' Edn+ 419925, -+ 9<9+ Page | 14
TABLE OF CASES
In R" C+ ;+ "non+ A+I+R+ 19@ adra% 29, @+ TABLE OF STATUTES
Indian Extradition A&t, 1962 Extradition A&t, 1><> Crimina$ ro&"d(r" Cod", 19 ran&o38"rman Tr"at 19@1 Con*"ntion On ExtraditionM B T'" Con%($tati*" A%%"m!$ O# T'" Co(n&i$ O# E(ro-", 19@< T'" Int"r3Am"ri&an Dra#t Con*"ntion O# 19@6 =Extradition= B T'" A%ian3A#ri&an L")a$ Con%($tati*" Committ"", T'ird S"%%ion, 196;+ Tr"at O# Extradition B"t.""n 8o*"rnm"nt O# India And T'" 8o*"rnm"nt O# N"-a$, 19@ ABBREVIATIONS
ICO Int"rnationa$ Crimina$ o$i&" Or)ani%ation Cr++C Crimina$ ro&"d(r" Cod" AKIL Am"ri&an Ko(rna$ o# Int"rnationa$ La. S(-- 3 S(--$"m"nt Ho$+ 3 Ho$(m" Edn+ 3 Edition BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOS REFERRED "rr, 8+C+ T'" Fo(r a0or "%t"rn A--roa&'"% To T'" o$iti&a$ O##"n%" Ex&"-tion To Extradition From In&"-tion To od"rn T"rrori%m
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A+a$ani%.ami, T'" La. o# Extradition in IndiaM 419@<5 III Indian Y"ar Boo o# Int"rnationa$ A##air% Int"rnationa$ La., Ho$+ I, 9t' Edn+ 419925+ EBSITES 'tt-::&!i+ni&+in 'tt-::...+!(%in"%%3%tandard+&om:arti&$":%-"&ia$%:nad""m3-r"-arin)3to3#i)'t3"xtradition3to3 india319;9;6;116J1+'tm$
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