UST Faculty of Pharmacy Formal Report of Simple Extraction of Caffeine from Tea for Chem200 LaboratoryFull description
CHEM600 ('16-'17)Full description
Lab Report Topic: Extraction of Caffeine From TeaFull description
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Chem 31.1 Experiment 3 ATQ
Laboratory report on the experiment of isolation of caffeine from a tea bag. For subject CHM556 | Organic Chemistry II Related institute UiTM | Degree in Chemistry
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EXTRACTION OF CAFFEINE FROM DRIED TEA LEAVES Tristan Duane G. Lacson, Lara Elize T. Lamigo, Lamigo, Maria Mikaela L. Laysa, Christian Gerard G. Lee and Karen L. Li Group 6 2C Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Laboratory
ABSTRACT Caffeine was extracted by multiple liquid- liquid extraction and was compared to single liquid- liquid extraction. Single liquid- liquid extraction and multiple liquid- liquid extraction yielded 15% and 19% caffeine, respectively. Multiple liquid- liquid extraction is more efficient than single extraction since it allowed more of the caffeine in the mixture
to be extracted.
INTRODUCTION Extraction is the separation of a substance from a matrix by selective s elective dissolution. The theory of extraction lies in the concept of immiscibility between two phases to separate a solute from the other phase.[2] There are two main types of extraction in chemistry namely: liquid-liquid extraction, which is further divided into two types (simple and multiple), and solid-liquid extraction.[4] The type of extraction used by the group in this experiment was multiple liquidliquid extraction, which is to be compared to the simple liquid- liquid extraction, performed by the partner group. In this experiment, the group should be able to attain the following objectives: (1) extract caffeine from dried tea leaves (2) know the amount of caffeine present in 10g of tea leaves, (3) compare single and multiple extractions, and (4) calculate the percentage yield for both extraction procedures.
Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was discarded. Multiple Extraction The aqueous solution was extracted three times with 20 mL of dichloromethane each time in a separatory funnel. It was left to stand for 2 minutes (or more) until the separation between two layers was clearly visible. The organic layer was drained into a clean Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was discarded. All the organic layers collected were combined. Half a spatula of anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to the extract in an Erlenmeyer flask. The solution was decanted onto a tared evaporating dish and was evaporated to dryness.
EXPERIMENTAL A. Sample Used The brand name of the tea sample used was Lipton Tea. Ten grams or 5 tea bags of 2-gram packs are used for the extraction experiment.
B. Procedure Boiling of Tea Leaves A solution of 4.4 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate and 100 mL distilled water placed in a 250 mL beaker was heated via water bath until the solid dissolved. Ten grams of tea leaves contained in teabags were added to the mixture and boiled for 10 minutes on low flame, the beaker being covered by a watch glass. The teabag was then removed and the liquid was squeezed by pressing it against the sides of the beaker using a glass rod. Single Extraction The aqueous solution was extracted with 60 mL of dichloromethane in a separatory funnel. It was left to stand for 2 minutes (or more) until the separation between two layers was clearly visible. The organic layer was drained into a clean
Figure 1. Extraction Set- Up
Using the formula: % yield =
wt. of crude caffeine
x
100%
x
100%
wt. of tea leaves used 1.9g
% yield =
10 g = 19%
After
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram for Multiple liquid- liquid Extraction Obtainment of Weight of Caffeine Collected The weight of the evaporating dish containing the collected caffeine was obtained using a weighing balance. The weight of the residue was obtained by subtracting the weight of the empty evaporating dish to the weight of the evaporating dish containing the collected caffeine.
subjecting the tea mixture to the entire process of extraction, decantation, and evaporation, caffeine was successfully collected. 1.9 g of crude caffeine was collected from 10g of tea leaves. The computed percentage yield for multiple extractionwas19% after getting the ratio of the weight of caffeine (residue) and weight of tea leaves used then multiplying it by 100%. Meanwhile, the following information were gathered by our partner group which performed the simple extraction.
Calculation of Percentage Yield The percentage yield was calculated by getting the ratio of the weight of caffeine (residue) and weight of tea leaves used then multiplying it by 100%.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Single and multiple extractionare almost the same except that in multiple extraction, there is repeated extraction process. It is usually more efficient than single extraction because it allows more of the caffeine in the mixture to be extracted.[5] Weight of tea leaves used Weight of evaporating dish + caffeine Weight of empty evaporating dish Weight of caffeine
10 g
Percentage Yield
19%
131.1 g
Figure 4. Data Obtained from Simple LiquidLiquid Extraction Using the formula: % yield =
wt. of crude caffeine
Figure 3. Data Obtained from Multiple Liquid- Liquid Extraction
100%
x
100%
wt. of tea leaves used
% yield =
1.5 g 10 g
129.2 g 1.9 g
x
= 15% With the obtained data mentioned above, we can say that since multiple liquid- liquid extraction has a higher percentage yield than single extraction, it is more efficient. Extraction becomes more effective if the process is repeated
a number of times using a small volume of the organic solvent each time, than by using the whole solvent in one lot, i.e. multiple extraction is more efficient than single extraction.[1]
