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PCZSEA Hlha a jrcsjdecmta c l cvaouîêa has ecdas hc jaeumdjlîêa c l mcjcssdhlhc hc trlmsedssêa hc hlhas hc iarel rìpdhl c cidjdcmtc, l utdodzlîêa hc sdmlds ouedmasas ma trìicna hc dmiarelîócs ltrlväs hc id`rls úptdjls vçe haedmlmha a ecrjlha hc tcocjaeumdjlîócs. Iumhlecmtlhl ce ocds `ìsdjls hl iåsdjl úptdjl, a iumjdamlecmta c praprdchlhcs hc id`rls úptdjls sêa a a`gcta hc cstuha hcstc rcoltúrda, quc tce jaea a`gctdva hctcredmlr a jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa hc uel id`rl úptdjl ml odmbl cspcjtrlo hc 996me c cstdelr l ltcmulîêa hc uel jamcxêa ZX-ZX.
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<. HCZJPDÎÊA CRVCPDECMXLO C ECXAHAOANDL <.<. Eltcrdlds7 Vlrl l rclodzlîêa ha cxpcrdecmta sa`rc ltcmulîêa ce id`rls úptdjls iarle utdodzlhas as scnudmtcs eltcrdlds7 Xl`col <. Eltcrdlds utdodzlhas ma cxpcrdecmta
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<.0. Vrajchdecmta cxpcrdecmtlo plrl hctcredmlîêa ha jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa hl id`rl7 Vlrl l jarrctl utdodzlîêa ha eúhuoa hc id`rls úptdjls ä mcjcssìrda pasdjdamlr guepcrs ma jdrjudta plrl quc l jamidnurlîêa dmjoul a OCH0 c Iatahdaha (VH<). As guepcrs G>j, G4`, G<6` c G<< ilzce jae quc ue sdmlo lotcrmlha (6/<) scgl lpodjlha ml cmtrlhl ha hrdvcr hdndtlo XV06. A guepcr G<0` dmjoud a OCH0 hc 996me la jdrjudta, gì a guepcr G<3l dmjoud a iatahdaha (VH<). A csqucel l`ldxa sdmlodzl ce vcrecoba ls jamcxócs quc hcvce cstlr guepclhls plrl l rclodzlîêa ha cxpcrdecmta7
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Idnurl <. Jamcxócs ha Eúhuoa hc Id`rls Úptdjls. [0U
Vlrl nlrlmtdr quc a Eúhuoa iad guepclha jarrctlecmtc, la odnlr l Smdhlhc hc Lodecmtlîêa ha Eúhuoa a OCH0 vcrecoba iad vcrdidjlha ljcssa. A prúxdea plssa ä ilzcr jae cxtrcel jlutcol l jamcxêa hc cmtrlhl jae a jl`a hc <,3e ma OCH 0 c l autrl cxtrcedhlhc ma iatahctcjtar VH<. As jamcjtarcs c jl`as rcoltdvas l id`rl útdjl sêa scmsåvcds c hcvce idjlr pratcndhas par pratctarcs poìstdjas jlsa mla cstcgle ce usa c scrce elmusclhas jae judhlha. L iarel hc amhl a`scrvlhl iad a`tdhl pcol pamtl hc pravl ha asjdoasjúpda jamcjtlhl la pdma XV0:, c a tcredmlo tcrrl odnlha l ue pdma ‟tcrrl― l`ldxa has iatahdahas. Cstl jamidnurlîêa eastrl ma asjdoasjúpda l tcmsêa hc slåhl ha iatahctcjtar. Lgustl-sc a vloar ha patcmjdøectra V8 plrl quc l ocdturl ma asjdoasjúpda scgl l hc eìxdel tcmsêa pdja-l-pdja, dmhdjlmha uel ocdturl hc amhl qulhrlhl. Mêa hcvc-sc lotcrlr a vloar ha patcmjdøectra pcoa rcsta ha cxpcrdecmta. A vloar hc tcmsêa Y< c l ircquçmjdl hl iarel hc amhl iarle lmatlhas c cstêa hdspamåvcds l ircmtc. Pcpctdrle-sc as ecseas prajchdecmtas plrl a Jl`a 0 (hc jaeprdecmta 3e). Ce scnudhl as jl`as < c 0 iarle jamcjtlhas ue la autra ltrlväs hc uel jamcxêa ZX-ZX scmha l cxtrcedhlhc ha Jl`a < jamcjtlhl la OCH0, c l cxtrcedhlhc ha Jl`a 0 la iatahctcjtar. Lmatau-sc mavlecmtc as plràectras hc tcmsêa c ircquçmjdl. A prajchdecmta cxpcrdecmtlo tle`äe sc cmjamtrl hc iarel rcsuedhl ma iouxanrlel hl Idnurl 0. 8
Idnurl 0. Iouxanrlel Cxpcrdecmtlo.
Ls delncms plrl jlhl ctlpl ha prajchdecmta cxpcrdecmtlo pahce scr cmjamtrlhls ma Lmcxa.
3
0. PCZSOXLHAZ C LMÌODZC L tcjmaoandl hl id`rl úptdjl hc vdhra cstì dmscrdhl ma ecrjlha bì lonuels häjlhls c ä vdstl jaea uel hls ecobarcs iarels hc trlmsedssêa hc hlhas par jamtl hl scnurlmîl, vcoajdhlhc, olrnurl hc `lmhl c autras `cmciåjdas. Hcmtra hcstc jamtcxta, uel lotcrmltdvl plrl l utdodzlîêa hc id`rls úptdjls hc vdhra vcda jae l id`rl úptdjl poìstdjl, quc lprcscmtl eltcrdlds c prajcssas hc prahuîêa jae justas rchuzdhas qulmha jaeplrlhas jae l id`rl hc vdhra
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autra olha, l ltcmulîêa ha sdmlo ä eldar, ilzcmha jae quc scgl dmvdìvco l sul lpodjlîêa plrl oamnls hdstàmjdls, jaea jl`as su`elrdmas, amhc ldmhl sêa utdodzlhls id`rls hc vdhra. Varäe, ls id`rls poìstdjls pahce scr lpodjlhls ce rchcs dmtcrmls hc pcqucmls ceprcsls au jamhaeåmdas, pads nlrlmtce cidjdçmjdl, elmutcmîêa elds `lrltl c supartle vlrdlîócs hc tcepcrlturls echdlmls. Sel iarel hc cvdtlr l pcrhl jamtåmul hc hlhas quc pahc scr jluslhl pcols ltcmulîêa, ä dmstlolr rcpctdharcs ce hdstàmjdls cstrltändjls, els lmtcs ä mcjcssìrda jambcjcr as plràectras ha cocecmta. Ä sdepocs l iåsdjl cmvaovdhl par trìs ha iumjdamlecmta hc id`rls úptdjls. Hc ljarha jae l ocd hc rcirlîêa, rldas quc ltdmnce uel dmtcriljc hc jamtlta cmtrc hads ecdas jae åmhdjcs hc rcirlîêa hdicrcmtcs (d.c., mM=mJ, amhc mM ä a åmhdjc hc rcirlîêa ha m÷joca c m J ä a åmhdjc hc rcirlîêa hl jlsjl) sêa rcirltlhas au rcioctdhas hc ljarha jae a àmnuoa hc dmjdhçmjdl æ dmtcriljc. Jamiarec a àmnuoa hc dmjdhçmjdl luecmtl, a àmnuoa hc rcirlîêa tle`äe luecmtlrì, ltä quc ce jcrta àmnuoa jråtdja, juga àmnuoa hc rcirlîêa jarrcspamhcmtc ä 46¶, a rlda rcirltlha cstlrì plrlocoa æ dmtcriljc [
9
Vlrl lpodjlr l praprdchlhc hc rciocxêa dmtcrml tatlo æ id`rls úptdjls, hcvc-sc jlojuolr a àmnuoa jråtdja l plrtdr hl scnudmtc rcolîêa hl Ocd hc Zmcoo-Hcsjlrtcs7 m M ¾ scm βd
5 m J ¾ scm βr
amhc mM ä a åmhdjc hc rcirlîêa ha m÷joca c m P ä a åmhdjc hc rcirlîêa hl jlsjl. Vlrl quc β d (àmnuoa hc dmjdhçmjdl) scgl a àmnuoa jråtdja β J, βr (àmnuoa hc rcirlîêa) hcvc scr 46·, cmtêa7 m M ¾ scm βJ 5 m J ¾ scm 46¶ m M ¾ scm βJ 5 m J scm βJ 5
mJ m M
Stdodzlmha rcolîócs trdnamaeätrdjls tceas quc7 scm βr 5 s cm (46¶ ∐ β J ) 5 jas βJ . Zu`stdtudmha ml Ocd hc Zmcoo tceas7 m M mJ scm
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Cocvlmha le`as as olhas la qulhrlha c lpús elmdpuolîócs lonä`rdjls tceas quc7
∗ M L 5 s cm β 5 m ∗ m ¾ scm βd
5 d
0 ∐ m0 m M J 0
M
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βd 5 l rjscm M L amhc ML ä l l`crturl mueärdjl hl id`rl úptdjl, cstì rcoljdamlhl la àmnuoa iarelha cmtrc ue cdxa lxdlo jcmtrlha ma m÷joca hl id`rl c ue rlda dmjdhcmtc; c hctcredml a àmnuoa hc dmjdhçmjdl eìxdea plrl quc as rldas quc pcmctrle ma m÷joca sltdsilîle ls jamhdîócs hc rciocxêa tatlo. Idnurl 8. L`crturl mueärdjl. Cxtrlåha hc [:U.
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Vartlmta, plrl l id`rl úptdjl utdodzlhl ma cxpcrdecmta, quc passud ML 5 6,89 a eìxdea àmnuoa hc dmjdhçmjdl hc ouz ml cmtrlhl hl id`rl quc nlrlmtc quc blvcrì rciocxêa tatlo hl ouz ä 0>,:4¶. Vlrl a cxpcrdecmta rclodzlha, pahceas sdepodidjlr a jdrjudta coätrdja prcscmtc ma eúhuoa hc id`rls úptdjls ce jamgumta jae as jl`as pcoa scnudmtc csqucel7 Idnurl 3. Csqucel sdepodidjlha ha jdrjudta utdodzlha ma cxpcrdecmta.
A OCH, scmha ue hdaha hc gumîêa pm, pcredtdrì l plsslnce hc jarrcmtc jlsa cstcgl odnlha ce paolrdzlîêa hdrctl. Cmtêa, plrl quc iumjdamc jaea iamtc hc ouz plrl l cmtrlhl hl id`rl úptdjl, sul paolrdzlîêa hcvc scr hdrctl7 a àmaha odnlha la pasdtdva c a jìtaha odnlha la mcnltdva hl iamtc. Gì a iatahdaha, quc tle`äe ä jamstdtuåha par uel gumîêa pm, qulmha cxpasta l uel paolrdzlîêa rcvcrsl sc jaepartl jaea ue iatahctcjtar, mêa jamhuzdmha jarrcmtc coätrdjl jae l lusçmjdl hc ouz, c sc jaepartlmha jaea uel rcsdstçmjdl coätrdjl `ldxl qulmha bì dmjdhçmjdl hc ouz ml gumîêa pm. \ulmha ue iútam hc cmcrndl cspcjåidjl dmjdhdr ml gumîêa, scrì ncrlha ue plr coätram-`urlja, quc sc cstdvcrce ml rcndêa hc hcpocîêa saircrêa lîêa ha jlepa coätrdja amhc as coätrams scrêa iarîlhas l dr plrl a jìtaha c as `urljas plrl a àmaha, ncrlmha uel jarrcmtc. Vlrl quc ma cxpcrdecmta l tcmsêa lpodjlhl la jdrjudta cstcgl hc ljarha jae a rcqucrdha tcardjlecmtc, ä utdodzlhl uel iamtc hc lodecmtlîêa quc jamvcrtc l cmtrlhl hl rchc hc 0:6Ylj plrl <0Yhj, c scu jdrjudta dmtcrma cstì prcplrlha plrl lnucmtlr jurta-jdrjudtas au uel sa`rcjlrnl ha jdrjudta. L utdodzlîêa hl iamtc nlrlmtc quc ecsea quc blgl dmtcricrçmjdls ml lodecmtlîêa prdmjdplo hl iamtc (jaea hcsjlrnls hc cmcrndl hl rchc coätrdjl) l slåhl plrl a jdrjudta scgl hc <0Yhj, cvdtlmha quc jaepamcmtcs scmsåvcds ha jdrjudta ha Eúhuoa hc Id`rls Úptdjls passle scr lictlhas au hlmdidjlhas. Vlrl lmìodsc has rcsuotlhas ha cxpcrdecmta, iad utdodzlhl uel pamtl hc pravl jamcjtlhl la asjdoasjúpda quc passud iltar hc ltcmulîêa x< pads l tcmsêa hc slåhl tce elnmdtuhc pcqucml, ml arhce hc <6-: Y.
2
Ce tahas as jlsas Y<, Y0 c Y<+0 a vloar hc ircquçmjdl a`tdha ä hc :0 KBz. As vloarcs a`tdhas plrl ls trçs echdîócs hc tcmsêa cstêa rcoljdamlhas l`ldxa7 Xl`col 0. Yloarcs hc tcmsêa echdhas plrl hdicrcmtcs jaeprdecmtas hc id`rl.
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L tcmsêa Y< jarrcspamhc æ tcmsêa hc slåhl ha iatahctcjtar, qulmha ä utdodzlha ue jl`a hc id`rl úptdjl hc poìstdja hc <,3 e hc jaeprdecmta plrl l trlmsedssêa hc ue sdmlo ouedmasa pravcmdcmtc hc ue OCH hc 996 me. L tcmsêa Y 0 jarrcspamhc l ecsel slåhl, jae l utdodzlîêa hc ue jl`a hc 3 e hc id`rl úptdjl jae ls ecsels jlrljtcråstdjls ha lmtcrdar plrl l trlmsedssêa. Vcrjc`c-sc quc l tcmsêa hc slåhl plrl sdstcel juga jl`a crl hc <,3e , ä eldar ha quc l tcmsêa plrl a jl`a hc 3e, dssa pads l ltcmulîêa ha sdmlo sc hì hc elmcdrl jamstlmtc la oamna ha jaeprdecmta hl id`rl, cmtêa plrl nrlmhc jaeprdecmtas blvcrì uel nrlmhc ltcmulîêa. Dssa cstì hc ljarha jae l cxprcssêa [
μ 5∐ O< <6 oan <6
( ) V aut V dm
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uel vcz quc, hc ljarha jae col, a jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa μ ä dmvcrslecmtc praparjdamlo la jaeprdecmta ha jl`a O. A patcmjdøectra V8 prcscmtc ma jdrjudta cstì rcoljdamlha jae l patçmjdl úptdjl ml slåhl ha tcredmlo quc scrì trlmsedtdhl pcol id`rl útdjl ltä a tcredmlo rcjcptar. Ce ue jdrjudta jae OCHs ä jaeue l utdodzlîêa hc rcsdstarcs plrl jamtraolr l dmtcmsdhlhc hl jarrcmtc. Ltrlväs ha patcmjdøectra ä passåvco jamtraolr a vloar hl rcsdstçmjdl plrl a`tcr a eìxdea vloar hc lepodtuhc pdja-l-pdja ma asjdoasjúpda. Dssa nlrlmtdrì quc l patçmjdl úptdjl ml slåhl ha tcredmlo scgl l eìxdel passåvco plrl jlhl sdtulîêa lmlodslhl, c par dssa lpús lgustlha coc mêa hcvc scr lotcrlha ltä a ide ha cxpcrdecmta. Vlrl ecobarlr l vdsulodzlîêa hl iarel hc amhl ma asjdoasjúpda l utdodzlîêa hl apîêa Ljapolecmta LJ ä ÷tdo pads l jaepamcmtc HJ hc ue sdmlo ltulo jaea ue aiisct hc tcmsêa c rceavcr cssl plrtc pahc luecmtlr l rcsaouîêa ha sdmlo. A jdrjudta hc Ljapolecmta LJ utdodzl ue jlpljdtar plrl idotrlr l jaepamcmtc HJ hc ue sdmlo edsta, quc idjl ce särdc jae a sdmlo echdha. As sdmlds Y< c Y0 echdhas rcprcscmtle l tcmsêa, c jarrcspamhce æ hc slåhl c hc rcjcpîêa rcspcjtdvlecmtc, c cstêa hdrctlecmtc rcoljdamlhls jae l patçmjdl úptdjl. A sdmlo ä eahuolha ce lepodtuhc hc amhl plrl quc passl scr trlmsedtdhl, lssde ä passåvco elxdedzlr l cidjdçmjdl hc trlmsedssêa, gì quc cstc plràectra hc amhl ä par sul vcz a elds lictlha pcoa 4
icmøecma hc ltcmulîêa has ecdas trlmsedssarcs, c ä hc prdearhdlo departàmjdl plrl l iatahctcjîêa. L cxprcssêa [
∕
j ¾ Yaut , amhc j ä uel jamstlmtc rclo, cmtêa l mavl
iúreuol tce l iarel7
μ 5 ∐ O< <6 oan <6
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Jaea tceas a vloar Y< quc cqudvloc æ tcmsêa hc slåhl su`ectdhl l uel ltcmulîêa hc ue jl`a hc <,3e c tceas a vloar Y 0 cqudvlocmtc æ tcmsêa su`ectdhl l uel ltcmulîêa hc ue jl`a hc 3e pahceas utdodzlr a vloar Y < jaea vloar cqudvlocmtc hc cmtrlhl hc ue jl`a hc id`rl úptdjl hc :,3e c a vloar Y 0 jaea scu cqudvlocmtc hc slåhl. Idnurl 9. Oúndjl utdodzlhl plrl a jìojuoa ha jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa.
L plrtdr hcstls jaoajlîócs, su`stdtuåeas as vloarcs echdhas ml cxprcssêa [0U c tceas7 eY μ 5∐ :,3< e <6 oan <6 ( jj¾003 ¾04: eY )
μ 5 6, :0> h@ /e Oana, a jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa hl id`rl hc poìstdja utdodzlhl ä μ 5 6,:0>h@/e c hc ljarha jae a nrìidja hc cspcjdidjlîêa hc ltcmulîêa hl id`rl úptdjl, a vloar cmjamtrlha cxpcrdecmtloecmtc cstì jarrcta plrl λ 5 996me.
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Idnurl >. Nrìidja hc cspcjdidjlîêa hl ltcmulîêa hc uel id`rl úptdjl.
L ltcmulîêa ha sdmlo hcmtra hl id`rl úptdjl ajarrc hcvdha l qultra iltarcs prdmjdplds7 l l`sarîêa, quc ajarrc hcvdha la ilta hc a ecda praplnlhar mêa scr tatloecmtc trlmsplrcmtc au jamtcr depurczls c `oaquclr uel parjcmtlnce hl ouz; csploblecmta quc ajarrc hcvdha l lotcrlîócs iåsdjls prcscmtc ml id`rl úptdjl, tlds jaea vlrdlîêa ml hcmsdhlhc ha ecda úptdja, depcricdîócs ma ecda jdoåmhrdja, ctj; jurvlturls ma cocecmta, quc pahce scr dmicrdarcs la àmnuoa jråtdja c pcredtdr quc l ouz csjlpc ha dmtcrdar hl id`rl; c jlrljtcråstdjls ha jamhutar, quc vlrdle hc ljarha jae l qulodhlhc ha eltcrdlo utdodzlha. \ulmta eldar a jaeprdecmta ha eltcrdlo ceprcnlha, eldar ä l jamjcmtrlîêa hc iltarcs quc jlusle l ltcmulîêa, par dssa l lotl hcpcmhçmjdl c cxprcssêa ce rcolîêa l cstl. Xcmha ce eêas a vloar ha jacidjdcmtc hc ltcmulîêa hl id`rl utdodzlhl, pahc-sc jlojuolr a vloar Ydm quc ä hdrctlecmtc praparjdamlo æ patçmjdl úptdjl hc cmtrlhl hl id`rl. Cstc vloar ä idxa plrl tahas as tlelmbas hc jl`as utdodzlhas ma cxpcrdecmta, c jaea ä praparjdamlo l patçmjdl úptdjl, uslrceas uel vlrdlîêa hl iúreuol [0U7 Y dm
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5 Y aut ¾ <6μ O<6
Vlrl a jlsa <, amhc O5<,3e c Y aut 5Y <504: eY 7 Y dm<
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Zl`ceas quc cstc scrì a ecsea vloar plrl Y dm0 c plrl jamidrelr tceas a jlsa 0, amhc O53e c Y aut 5Y 0 5033 eY 7 Y dm0
5 033 eY ¾ <6(6,:0>h@ /e)(3e)<6
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Ma jlsa amhc hads jl`as hc id`rl úptdjl sêa jamcjtlhas par ue lhlptlhar ZX-ZX, loäe l ltcmulîêa marelo la jl`a, bì uel ltcmulîêa ha sdmlo ma lhlptlhar hl scnudmtc iarel7 Jlojuolmha a Y aut hc ue jl`a hc 9,3 e hc ecsea μ c jaeplrlmha jae a rcsuotlha echdha7 ∐<
Y aut
5 Y dm ¾ <6∐μ O<6
Y aut
5 :02 eY ¾ <6∐(6,:0>h@/e)(9,3e)<6 5 06< eY
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L hdicrcmîl cmtrc a vloar Y aut <+0 echdha c jlojuolha ä7 Y aut <+0 - Y <+0 5 06< eY - <8: eY 5 32 eY Var cstc eätaha, l pcrhl ha sdmlo ma lhlptlhar scrì hc 32 eY. Vlrl l depolmtlîêa hc quloqucr sdstcel hc jaeumdjlîêa hc eähdl c oamnl hdstàmjdl ä departlmtc jambcjcr l ltcmulîêa plrl hcidmdr ls hdstàmjdls eìxdels plrl ls qulds ls id`rls útdjls pahce scr depocecmtlhls c amhc hcvce cstlr oajlodzlhas lplrcobas lepodidjlharcs hc sdmlo. Jlsa l hdstàmjdl hc depolmtlîêa cstcgl hcmtra hc uel lotl nlel hc pcrhl hc hlhas ä passåvco trajlr a eltcrdlo utdodzlha au depolmtlr cqudplecmtas quc lepodidjle c rctrlmsedtce a sdmlo. Var cxcepoa, jae as hlhas a`tdhas cepdrdjlecmtc ha sdmlo hc tcmsêa hc slåhl c a jlojuolha hc cmtrlhl, ä passåvco poatlr ue nrìidja quc dmiarec l odmbl hc tcmhçmjdl hc ltcmulîêa ha sdmlo par ectra hc jl`a hc id`rl úptdjl hc poìstdja. Ltrlväs hcoc, l cstdeltdvl ä hc quc ue jl`a jae ls jlrljtcråstdjls lqud lmlodslhls, hc <9e quc rcjc`l :02 eY hc lepodtuhc hc cmtrlhl, lprcscmtlrì 6Y hc slåhl, partlmta plrl quloqucr lpodjlîêa quc utdodzc cssc tdpa hc jl`a, cstc hcvc tcr ma eìxdea <9e.
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