exp 11, 12, 13

CLASSIFICATION TEST FOR AMINES

AMINES

R

R1 NH

NH2

R2 R3 R1 N R2

PROPERTIES OF AMINES • urine-like odor • Polar • Basic

HINSBERG TEST • differentiating test for 10, 20 and 30 amines • Reagent: benzenesulfonyl chloride/NaOH Cl O S O

Soluble ppt

White ppt

Amine

10 or 20 Amine

benzenesulfonylchloride

No ppt

10 Amine

+NaOH (aq)

Insoluble ppt

20 Amine

30 Amine

SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN AND METHYL SALICILATE

ASPIRIN • • • •

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) Analgesic Antipyretic Slightly soluble in water

O OH O O

CH3

SYNTHESIS OF ASPIRIN

O

O

O OH OH

+

O

H3C

OH

H2SO4

O

+

O

CH3 O

CH3

H2O

SYNTHESIS OF MEHYL SALICYLATE

O

O OH

OH

+ H3C

OH

H2SO4

OH O CH3

+

H2O

FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST • Complexation rxn of Fe3+ • Fe3+ forms a complex with aspirin

STARCH TEST • Role of starch in pharmaceutical preparation: – Excipient: diluent or binder

• Reagent: I2 • Formation of iodo-starch complex: bluishblack suspension

SYNTHESIS OF SOAP AND DETERGENT

DEFINITION OF TERMS Soap – sodium salt of fatty acid Fatty acid – long chain carboxylic acid Detergent – sodium salt of long HC chain of thioester

AMPHIPATIC NATURE OF SOAPS AND DETERGENTS

SYNTHESIS OF SOAP

+ NaOH



+ H2O

SYNTHESIS OF DETERGENT

+

NaCl

BASIS OF COMPARISON Structure Activity in distilled water Activity in Hard Water Test for Glycerol

SOAP

DETERGENT

Na+ salt of fatty acid Na+ salt of thioester

Formation of suds

Formation of suds

Minimal to no suds No effect suds Formation of scums formation Burnt fat odor No burnt fat odor

TEST FOR GLYCEROL (ACROLEIN TEST) • Dehydration reaction

KHSO4

+ 2H2O

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