ESTUDIO HIDROLÓGICO E HIDRÁULICO SUBCUENCA DEL RIO SANGAPILLA GOBIERNO REGIONAL HUANUCO
ESTUDIO DE PRE INVERSION A NIVEL DE PERFIL DEL PROYECTO: “CONSTRUCCION DEL PUENTE CARROZABLE SANGAPILLA EN EL TRAMO: AUCAYACU–CAÑAVERAL, DISTRITO DE JOSE CRESPO Y CASTILLO, PROVINCIA DE LEONCIO PRADO, REGION HUANUCO” PRESENTA: ING. JULIO O. AYALA CATEDRA
HUANUCO, DICIEMBRE DE !"#
INDICE
I. INTRODUCCIÓN II. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA III. OBJETIVOS Objetivo General Objetivos Específicos
IV. CARACTERIZACION CARACTERIZACION DE LA CUENCA Ubicación geográfica Geomorfología Morfología Tipos de suelos Clima
V. METODOLOGÍA VI. MARCO TEÓRICO VII. ANÁLISIS HIDROLÓGICO 7! "nformación Meteorológica 7# $nálisis de la %recipitación Total Mensual & Má'ima en #( )oras 7* +eterminación de la "ntensidad Má'ima de lluvia 7( Cálculo del Coeficiente de Escorrentía 7, Estimación de Caudales
VIII. ESTUDIO HIDRÁULICO -! .evantamiento Topográfico
-# Metodología Metodología -* $nálisis de /esultados
IX. ESTIMACION DE LA SOCAVACION POTENCIAL 0! Metodologías de Cálculo de 1ocavación en %uentes 0# /esultados del Cálculo del %otencial 2idráulico de 1ocavación
X. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES Conclusiones /ecomendaciones
XI. ANEXOS
I. INTRODUCCIÓN Con el o!e"o #e e$"%le&e' l% &o"% ()n*(% ne&e$%'*% +%'% ,-e l% e$"'-&"-'% *%l /P-en"e C%''o0%le1 no $e% %2e&"%#% +o' -n% &'e&*en"e &on #e"e'(*n%#o +e'*o#o #e 'e"o'no $e +l%n"e% l% 'e%l*0%&*3n #e -n e$"-#*o 4*#'ol35*&o 6 -n% e%l-%&*3n 4*#'7-l*&% #el ')o S%n5%+*ll% en l% *n"e'$e&&*3n #e $- &%-&e &on l% e$"'-&"-'% *%l /P'olon5%&*3n S7n&4e0 Ce''o #el CP S%n5%+*ll% 8 H%&)% el CP #e C%9%e'%l1. L% +'o+-e$"% +'e$en"%#% +%'% l% el%o'%&*3n #e #*&4o$ e$"-#*o$ &on$"% #e #o$ $e5(en"o$: el +'*(e'o 'e2e'*#o %l e$"-#*o H*#'ol35*&% en %$e %l &-%l $e #e"e'(*n%n lo$ &%-#%le$ ,-e 'e+'e$en"%$ l%$ &'e&*en"e$ (7$ *(+o'"%n"e$ +%'% #*2e'en"e$ +e'*o#o$ #e 'e"o'no 6 en el $e5-n#o $e el%o'3 -n% (o#el%&*3n 4*#'7-l*&% #el "'%(o #e e$"-#*o +%'% el %n7l*$*$ #el "'7n$*"o #e l%$ #*2e'en"e$ &'e&*en"e$ -$%n#o el So2";%'e HEC
.>1 'e2e'*#o %l e$"-#*o 4*#'ol35*&o= el $e5-n#o $-")"-lo />.?1 (-e$"'% l% (o#el%&*3n 4*#'7-l*&% #el "'%(o 6 2*n%l(en"e el $-")"-lo >.@ +'e$en"% lo$ #%"o$ 4*#'7-l*&o$ ne&e$%'*o$ +%'% el #*$e9o #el *%#-&"o o"en*#o$ #el +'e$en"e e$"-#*o. Se Ane%n +l%no$ 6 (e(o'*%$ #e C7l&-lo.
II. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA Lo$ +ol%#o'e$ #el CP #e C%9%e'%l &'-0%n el ')o S%n5%+*ll%= -"*l*0%n#o (e#*o$ (o"o'*0%#o$ 6o % +*e= el &'-&e e$ 2'e&-en"e +%'% "'%$l%#%'$e "'%$l%#%'$e 4%&*% $-$ l%o'e$ #o($"*&%$= #o($"*&%$= #e %5'*&-l"-'%= %5'*&-l"-'%= &o(e'&*o 6 e$"-#*o. En l% +o&% ll-*o$%= % &%-$% #e l%$ &'e&*#%$ #el ')o= $e +'o#-&e l% *n-n#%&*3n #el &%-&e= ele%n#o el "*'%n"e ,-e no +e'(*"e el +%$e #e e4)&-lo$ 6 el "'7n$*"o % +*e e$ (-6 +el*5'o$o +o' l% elo&*#%# ,-e %l&%n0% el %5-% %l %-(en"%' el &%-#%l. E$"% $*"-%&*3n +'oo&% '*e$5o$ % l%$ +e'$on%$ ,-e #een 4%&e' -$o #e e$"e +%$o +'o#-&*en#o %#e(7$= (ole$"*%$ #e *n&o(-n*&%&*3n &on lo$ &%$e')o$ #e e$"e &en"'o +ol%#o % l% e$+e'% ,-e #*$(*n-6% l% &'e&*#%.
III. OBJETIVOS Objetivo Genera
•
El%o'%&*3n #e -n #o&-(en"o ,-e *n&l-6% lo$ %n7l*$*$ 4*#'ol35*&o$ e 4*#'7-l*&o$ #e l% Aen*#% (7*(% e$+e'%#% en el ')o S%n5%+*ll%= lo$ &-%le$ 'e+'e$en"%n -n% +%'"e 7$*&% #e "o#% l% *n2o'(%&*3n 'e,-e'*#% +%'% $-$"en"%' el #*$e9o #e -n +-en"e &%''o0%le.
Objetivo! E!"e#$%i#o! .
C%l&-l C%l&-l%' %' el &%-#%l &%-#%l (7*( (7*(o o +'o%l +'o%le e #e l% $-&-en $-&-en&% &% #el ')o S%n5% S%n5%+*l +*ll%= l%= en el +-n"o +-n"o #on#e #on#e $e +'o6e&"% el +-en"e &%''o0%le= +%'% -n +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$.
>.
C%l& C%l&-l -l%' %' el "*'% "*'%n" n"e e (7* (7*(o (o #e l% &'e&* &'e&*#% #%== en el +-n" +-n"o o #on# #on#e e $e +'o6e +'o6e&" &"% % el +-en" +-en"e e &%''o0%le +%'% -n +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$.
IV. CARACTERI&ACION DE LA CUENCA •
Ubi#a#i'n (eo(r)%i#a L% 0on% #on#e $e &on$"'-*'7 el +-en"e $e en&-en"'% -*&%#% en l% &*-#%# #e A-&%6%&-= Cen"'o Pol%#o #e S%n5%+*ll%= D*$"'*"o #e Jo$ C'e$+o 6 C%$"*llo= P'o*n&*% #e Leon&*o P'%#o= Re5*3n H-7n-&o= e$+e&)2*&%(en"e en l%$ &oo'#en%#%$ UTM No'"e ?FF E$"e > > @ @ /en /en $- *n*& *n*&*o *o11 6 No'" No'"e e ? ? E$"e E$"e @ @? ?F F /en /en $- n%&* n%&*en" en"e1 e1 +o' +o' $- e!e e!e lon5*"-#*n%l. L% &o"% "o+o5'72*&% % #e$# FF ($n( en $- *n*&*o 4%$"% >F ($n( en $-$ n%&*en"e$ /M%+% DC < 1. El %&&e$o %l $*"*o #el +'o6e&"o #e$#e l% &*-#%# #e H-7n-&o e$ +o' l% &%''e"% %$2%l"%#% Ke'n%n#o Bel%-n#e Te''6: H-7n-&o 8 T*n5o M%')% /?> M1 T*n5o M%')% 8 A-&%6%&- / M1 6 A-&%6%&- 8 P'o6e&&*3n P-en"e /. M1. L% e$&o e$&o'' ''en en") ")% % $-+e $-+e'2* '2*&* &*%l %l ,-e ,-e &on &one' e'5e 5e en el +-n" +-n"o o #on# #on#e e $e &on$ &on$"' "'-* -*'7 '7 l% o'%= o'%= &o''e$+on#e % l% $-&-en&% %l"% #el ')o S%n5%+*ll%= %2l-en"e #el ')o H-%ll%5%.
P'o6e&&*3n #el P-en"e A-&%6%&- < C%9%e'%l
V.. U*&%&*3n #e l% Zon% #e In2l-en&*% #el P'o6e&"o
V.>. Del*(*"%&*3n #e l% S-&-en&% R)o S%n5%+*ll% 4%$"% el +-n"o #e *n"e'$. •
Geo*or%oo($a
L% Geo(o'2olo5)% #e l% $-&-en&% 4% +e'(*"*#o &ono&e' l%$ &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ #el "e''eno en l%$ 0on%$ %l"%$= (e#*%= %!% 6 l% 2o'(% ,-e +'e$en"% el &%n%l n%"-'%l +'*n&*+%l= en #*&4%$ 0on%$= %$) &o(o "%(*n l% +en#*en"e #el &%-&e en l% 0on% %l"%= (e#*% 6 en el +-n"o #e e(+l%0%(*en"o #el +-en"e= %#e(7$ no e*$"en *n#*&*o$ #e 5'%n#e$ #e+3$*"o$ %l-*%le$ 6 +o' lo "%n"o $e +'e$en"% -n% $-+e'2*&*e %#e&-%#% +%'% ,-e el %5-% 2l-6% $*n (%6o'e$ +'ole(%$. S*n e(%'5o #%#% l% 2-e'"e +en#*en"e n%"-'%l en l%$ 0on%$ %l"%$ 6 (e#*% /(%'5en #e'e&4% #el ')o S%n5%+*ll%1= e$"o o&%$*on% l% 2o'(%&*3n #e $-'&o$ #e e'o$*3n= ,-e %l *n"en$*2*&%'$e &on $- &*&lo e'o$*o= $"e % 2o'(%n#o &%n%le$ n%"-'%le$ #e #*2e'en"e$ +'o2-n#*#%#e$ 4%$"% 2o'(%' &%9%#%$= ,-e %l5-n%$ e&e$ +-e#en lle5%' % &one'"*'$e en ,-e'%#%$ #e *n*e'no. En el +-n"o #e e(+l%0%(*en"o #e -n +-en"e= $e #een "o(%' en &-en"% lo$ +'o&e$o$ n%"-'%le$ #e e'o$*3n 6 #e+o$*"%&*3n o $e#*(en"%&*3n +o',-e $"o$ +-e#en $o&%%' -n% e$"'-&"-'% o 'e#-&*' $- 7'e% 4*#'7-l*&%= *n#*&%n#o ,-e en $- (%'5en #e'e&4% $on ll%n-'%$ #e *n-n#%&*3n. L% &%'%&"e')$"*&% +'*n&*+%l #el 7'e% #e e$"-#*o e$ l% +'e$en&*% #e ele%&*one$ #e (eno' *(+o'"%n&*% 6 ,-e +%'e&en $e' &ono$ ol&7n*&o$ en -n %%n0%#o e$"%#o #e #e$*n"e5'%&*3n ,-e $e -*&%n +o' #e%!o #e lo$ > ($n(. To#o$ e$"o$ 'el*ee$ +'e$en"%n -n%$ *n&*$*one$= (7$ o (eno$ *(+o'"%n"e$= +'o#-&*#%$ +o' l%$ ,-e'%#%$ ,-e #'en%n l%$ %5-%$ $-+e'2*&*%le$ en l% +o&% #e ll-*%$= 4%$"% lo$ +-n"o$ (7$ %!o$. S- 5'%#o #e *n&*$*3n e$"7 #e+en#*en#o #e l% n%"-'%le0% 6 "*+o #e (%"e'*%l +o' el &-%l #*$&-''e= $*en#o (7$ +'o2-n#%$ $o'e (%"e'*%le$ $-el"o$ ,-e $o'e lo$ &on$ol*#%#o$.
•
Mor%oo($a P%'% #el*(*"%' l% $-&-en&% $e -"*l*03 el $o2";%'e A-"o&%# >>= o"en*n#o$e %#*&*on%l(en"e= o"'o$ #%"o$ ,-e +e'(*"en &%'%&"e'*0%'l% (o'2ol35*&%(en"e.
Área (A) L% +'o6e&&*3n 4o'*0on"%l #e "o#% el 7'e% #e #'en%!e #e l% $-&-en&%3 A ?F=. (>. ?=F. 4%$. ?. Q(>
Longitud axial (La) D*$"%n&*% en l)ne% 'e&"% en"'e l% +%'"e (7$ %l"% #e l% $-&-en&% 4%$"% l% *n"e'$e&&*3n &on el e(+l%0%(*en"o #el +-en"e L% =@?. (. .@? Q(.
Perímetro (P)
L% +'o6e&&*3n 4o'*0on"%l #el +%'"e%5-%$ #e l% $-&-en&% /l)ne% #**$o'*%1. P >=. ( >.> Q(.
Ancho (W) Rel%&*3n en"'e el 7'e% 6 l% lon5*"-# %*%l #e l% &-en&% AL ?=>.? (.
Lon(it+, ,e #a+#e "rin#i"a -L El &%-&e +'*n&*+%l en l% $-&-en&% S%n5%+*ll%= &on$"*"-*#o en $-$ *n*&*o$ +o' l% ,-e'%#% L% S%n5%+*ll% 4%$"% l% *n"e'$e&&*3n &on el +-en"e &%''o0%le= "*ene -n% lon5*"-# #e .F (.
Par)*etro! ,e rea#i'n ,e %or*a En"'e e$"o$ +%'7(e"'o$ en&on"'%(o$ %l &oe2*&*en"e #e &o(+%&*#%# 6 %l 2%&"o' #e 2o'(%. %1
Coe2*&*en"e #e &o(+%&*#%# /&1 E$"7 #e2*n*#o +o' l% $*5-*en"e 'el%&*3n: P
& .> <<<<<<<<<<< A
D3n#e: A A'e% #e l% $-&-en&% en (>. P Pe')(e"'o #e l% $-&-en&% en (. P%'% -n% 2o'(% #e $-&-en&% &*'&-l%' le &o''e$+on#e'7 el %lo' #e l% -n*#%# e *n#*&%'7 -n% 'e$+-e$"% '7+*#% #e l% $-&-en&% % l% +'e$en&*% #e een"o$ (7*(o$ #e +'e&*+*"%&*3n. P%'% l% $-&-en&% S%n5%+*ll% le &o''e$+on#e -n %lo' #e .>F= lo &-%l *n#*&% -n% 'e$+-e$"% len"% #e l% $-&-en&% % l% o&-''en&*% #e *n"en$*#%#e$ (7*(%$ #e ll-*%. De %&-e'#o %l %lo' %n"e'*o'= l% $-&-en&% $e &l%$*2*&% &o(o o%l olon5% % 'e&"%n5-l%' olon5%.
1
K%&"o' #e 2o'(% /K21 E$"7 #e2*n*#o +o' l% $*5-*en"e 'el%&*3n: A
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Varia#ione! atit+,inae!. %1
Al"*"-# (e#*% /H1 En %$e %l +l%no 4*#'o5'72*&o #e l% $-&-en&% $e &%l&-l%'on l%$ 7'e%$ +%'&*%le$ #el*(*"%#%$ +o' #o$ %l"*"-#e$ &on$e&-"*%$= l%$ &-%le$ $e (-e$"'%n en el &-%#'o N .>= #el %neo C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%. Po$"e'*o'(en"e $e &%l&-l% l% %l"*"-# (e#*% en %$e % l% $*5-*en"e 'el%&*3n: /4* S*1 H <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< A D3n#e: 4* Al"*"-# (e#*% en (. S* Á'e% +%'&*%l en (> P%'% el +'e$en"e &%$o= $e en&-en"'% -n% %l"*"-# (e#*% +on#e'%#% #e ? ($n(.
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N .?= #el %neo
C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&% 6 en el 5'72*&o N . #el %neo C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%= $- 'e+'e$en"%&*3n. De %&-e'#o % l% 4*+$o(e"')% #e l% $-&-en&% $e "*ene -n% %l"*"-# (e#*% #e F ($n(. O"en*#%$ +o' el ("o#o 5eo("'*&o= %lo' (-6 +%'e&*#o %l o"en*#o +o' el +'o&e#*(*en"o e+l*&%#o en el &-%#'o N .> #el %neo C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%.
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L% $e&-en&*% #e &7l&-lo $e (-e$"'% en el &-%#'o N .@= #el %neo C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&% 6 #% &o(o #e&l*e e,-*%len"e -n %lo' #e .= *n#*&%n#o -n %!o 5'%#o #e e'o$*3n en el &-'$o #e %5-% 6 +o&o "'%n$+o'"e #e $e#*(en"o$. 1
Pen#*en"e +'o(e#*o L% +en#*en"e +'o(e#*o #el &%-&e e$ #e ?. . En el 5'72*&o N .> #el %neo C%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%= $e (-e$"'% el +e'2*l lon5*"-#*n%l #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l= en el &-%l $e +-e#e o$e'%' ,-e el &%-&e +'e$en"% -n% +en#*en"e -n*2o'(e.
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Ti"o! ,e !+eo! Lo$ $-elo$ +'e$en"e$ en l% $-&-en&% &o''e$+on#en % An#*$ole$ en "o#% $- e"en$*3n= $on $-elo$ +'o2-n#o$ #e "e"-'% K'%n&o < %'&*llo$%. S- &%+%&*#%# #e +'o#-&&*3n e$ #e (o#e'%#% % -en%. S- +'*n&*+%l -$o e$ &-l"*o #e &%&%o= &%2 en l%$ +%'"e$ %l"%$ 6 %5'*&-l"-'% *n"en$*% en l%$ +%'"e$ %!%$ #e l% $-&-en&%. El #'en%!e *n"e'no e$ #e -eno % l*5e'%(en"e '7+*#o el e"e'no e$ %l5o '7+*#o % &%-$% #e l%$ +en#*en"e$= +-#*en#o &%-$%' 2-e'"e e'o$*3n en l%$ 7'e%$ (7$ *n&l*n%#%$. En l% +o&% no ll-*o$% +e'(%ne&en %$"%n"e $e&o$.
•
E#oo($a De %&-e'#o %l (%+% e&ol35*&o #el Pe'W 8 ONERN = en l% $-&-en&% S%n5%+*ll% $e +'e$en"%= #e$#e el n*el #e l% &on2l-en&*% en el ')o H-%ll%5% 4%$"% l%$ 0on%$ (7$ %l"%$= l%$ $*5-*en"e$ 0on%$ #e *#%:
bo!/+e 01*e,o 2 Montano Bajo Tro"i#a -b" 2 MBT E$"% 0on% #e *#%= $e lo&%l*0% en"'e lo$ > % ($n(= #on#e l% *o"e(+e'%"-'% (e#*% %n-%l (7*(% e$ #e >.FC 6 l% (e#*% %n-%l ()n*(% #e . C. El +'o(e#*o (7*(o #e +'e&*+*"%&*3n "o"%l +o' %9o e$ #e (*l)(e"'o$ 6 el +'o(e#*o ()n*(o #e (*l)(e"'o$. E$"% 0on% #e *#%= #e %&-e'#o %l #*%5'%(% #e Hol#'*5e= "*ene -n +'o(e#*o #e e%+o"'%n$+*'%&*3n +o"en&*%l "o"%l +o' %9o %'*%le en"'e l% (*"%# /.F1 6 -n% &%n"*#%# *5-%l /1 %l ol-(en +'o(e#*o #e +'e&*+*"%&*3n "o"%l +o' %9o= ,-e -*&% % e$"% 0on% #e *#% en l% +'o*n&*% #e 4-(e#%#: 4W(e#o.
bo!/+e 01*e,o 2 Pre*ontano Tro"i#a -b" 2 PT
E$"% 0on% #e *#%= $e lo&%l*0% en"'e lo$ % ($n(= #on#e l% *o"e(+e'%"-'% (e#*% %n-%l (7*(% e$ #e >F.FC 6 l% (e#*% %n-%l ()n*(% #e .C. El +'o(e#*o (7*(o #e +'e&*+*"%&*3n "o"%l +o' %9o e$ #e ? (*l)(e"'o$ 6 el +'o(e#*o ()n*(o #e F (*l)(e"'o$. Se5Wn el #*%5'%(% *o&l*(7"*&o #e Hol#'*5e= en e$"% 0on% #e *#%= el +'o(e#*o #e e%+o"'%n$+*'%&*3n +o"en&*%l "o"%l +o' %9o %')% en"'e 6 > e&e$ el %lo' #e l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n= -*&%n#o +o' lo "%n"o % e$"% 0on% #e *#% en l% +'o*n&*% #e 4-(e#%#: $-4W(e#o. •
Ci*a En l% $-&-en&% %n%l*0%#% no e*$"en e$"%&*one$ &l*(%"ol35*&%$ ,-e +e'(*"% e$"-#*%' el &o(+o'"%(*en"o #el &l*(% #e l% $-&-en&%= +o' lo ,-e l% &%'%&"e'*0%&*3n #el &l*(% $e'7 %n%l*0%#% en %$e % lo$ 'e5*$"'o$ #e e$"%&*one$ e&*n%$. L% &%'%&"e'*0%&*3n #e l% "e(+e'%"-'% 6 4-(e#%# 'el%"*% $e'7 e2e&"-%#% en %$e % l% e$"%&*3n A-&%6%&-.
•
Te*"erat+ra An%l*0%n#o l% %'*%&*3n e$"%&*on%l #e l% "e(+e'%"-'% (e#*% (en$-%l= $e o$e'% ,-e #-'%n"e el %9o e*$"e +o&% %'*%&*3n #e l% "e(+e'%"-'%= en +'o(e#*o= el %lo' (7$ %l"o $e +'e$en"% en el (e$ #e M%6o &on el %lo' #e >F.FC 6 el (7$ %!o en el (e$ #e A5o$"o &on >@.C. En el &-%#'o N .= #el %neo &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%= $e (-e$"'%n lo$ %lo'e$ #e "e(+e'%"-'% 6 $- %'*%&*3n (en$-%l= &o''e$+on#*en"e$ % l% e$"%&*one$ #e T*n5o M%')%= A-&%6%&-= U&4*0% 6 To&%&4e $- 'e+'e$en"%&*3n *$-%l $e (-e$"'% en el 5'72*&o N .?= #el %neo &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%.
•
3+*e,a, Reativa An%l*0%n#o l% %'*%&*3n e$"%&*on%l #e l% 4-(e#%# 'el%"*% (e#*% (en$-%l= $e o$e'%= ,-e en +'o(e#*o= el %lo' (7$ %l"o $e +'e$en"% en lo$ (e$e$ #e Ke'e'o &on el %lo' #e 6 el (7$ %!o en el (e$ #e J-l*o &on @ . L% (*$(% "en#en&*% +'e$en"% lo$ %lo'e$ en l%$ e$"%&*one$ T*n5o M%')% U&4*0% 6 To&%&4e. En el &-%#'o N .= #el %neo &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%= $e (-e$"'%n lo$ %lo'e$ #e 4-(e#%# 'el%"*% #e l%$ e$"%&*one$ T*n5o M%')%= A-&%6%&-= U&4*0% 6 To&%&4e 6 $- %'*%&*3n (en$-%l $e (-e$"'% en el 5'72*&o N .@= #el %neo &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ 2)$*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&%.
V. METODOLOG4A
El +'e$en"e "'%%!o &o(+'en#e l% 'e%l*0%&*3n #e %&"**#%#e$ #e &%(+o 6 5%*ne"e ne&e$%'*%$ +%'% &-(+l*' &on lo$ o!e"*o$ +l%n"e%#o$. Se 'e%l*03 *$*"% #e &%(+o %l 7'e% #e *n"e'$= &on l% 2*n%l*#%# #e *#en"*2*&%' l%$ &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ #e l% $-&-en&% 4*#'o5'72*&% 6 e$+e&)2*&%(en"e #el ')o en e$"-#*o= "%le$ &o(o &oe'"-'% e5e"%l= 4*#'o5'%2)%= "*+o$ 6 -$o$ #e $-elo$ #e l% $-&-en&%. P%'% &%l&-l%' el &%-#%l &o''e$+on#*en"e % l% &'e&*#% (7*(% +'o%le +%'% -n +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$= $e -"*l*03 el M"o#o #el H*#'o5'%(% T'*%n5-l%'= +%'% lo &-%l $e &%l&-l% l% *n"en$*#%# (7*(% #e ll-*% +%'% #*&4o +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no= el "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n 6 l% +en#*en"e +'o(e#*o #el &%-&e. Lo$ &oe2*&*en"e$ #e e$&o''en")% /C1= -"*l*0%#o$ en l% e&-%&*3n '%&*on%l= e$"7n %$%#o$ en l%$ &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ #e &oe'"-'% e5e"%l #e l% $-&-en&%= +en#*en"e (e#*% 6 el +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no +%'% el &-%l $e #*$e9%= %$) "%(*n l%$ &on#*&*one$ #e "e''eno -'%no o '-'%l #e l% 0on%. L% #-'%&*3n #e l% "o'(en"% #e #*$e9o= $e &on$*#e'% *5-%l %l "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n #e l% $-&-en&%= 6% ,-e #e$#e e$e (o(en"o "o#% el 7'e% e$"7 &on"'*-6en#o % l% e$&o''en")% $-+e'2*&*%l ,-e +%$% +o' el +-n"o #e $%l*#% /#on#e $e &on$"'-*'7 l% o'% #e +%$o1= o $e% e$ l% #-'%&*3n #e "o'(en"% (7$ #e$2%o'%le. El "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n 2-e &%l&-l%#o % +%'"*' #e l% e&-%&*3n #e *'+*&4= #e$%''oll%#% +%'% +e,-e9%$ &-en&%$ (on"%9o$%$.
VI. MARCO TEÓRICO En el e$"-#*o $on > l%$ (e"o#olo5)%$ ,-e $e %o'#%n= l%$ &-%le$ #e+en#en #el 7'e% #e 'e&o5*(*en"o 4%$"% el +-n"o #e *n"e'$ o $-&-en&%. •
P%'% 7'e%$ (eno'e$ o *5-%le$ % > Q( > 6 &-%n#o el "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n $e% (%6o' % F (*n-"o$= $e -"*l*0% el ("o#o '%&*on%l.
•
P%'% 7'e%$ (%6o'e$ #e > Q(> $e -"*l*0%'7 l% (e"o#olo5)% #el 4*#'o5'%(% "'*%n5-l%'.
5.6. 7'r*+a Ra#iona E$"e ("o#o $e %+l*&% +%'% el &7l&-lo #e &%-#%l (7*(o en (*&'o&-en&%$ #e e"en$*3n (7*(% #e > (>. El ("o#o '%&*on%l o 23'(-l% '%&*on%l $e e+'e$% #e l% $*5-*en"e (%ne'%:
En #on#e: : C%-#%l en ($ C: Coe2*&*en"e #e e$&o''en")% &on %lo'e$ en"'e . 6 . A: Á'e% "'*-"%'*% en ( *: In"en$*#%# #e ll-*% en (((*n= +%'% el +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no 6 "*e(+o #e #-'%&*3n $ele&&*on%#o$. T%(*n $e +-e#e %+l*&%' l% 2o'(-l% '%&*on%l $*5-*en"e: Q = 16.67 C.I.A
D3n#e : C%-#%l (7*(o en (?$e5 C Coe2*&*en"e #e e$&o''en")% %#*(en$*on%l I In"en$*#%# #e #*$e9o en (((*n A Á'e% #e l% &-en&% en Q(> E$"% 23'(-l% e$ %+l*&%le +%'% el &7l&-lo #el &%-#%l $ol%(en"e $* el "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n #e l% $-&-en&% e$ (%6o' % F (*n-"o$. Lo$ %lo'e$ #e C $e'7n lo$ +'o+-e$"o$ +o' el So*l Con$e%"*on Se'*&e= lo$ &-%le$ $e +-e#en en&on"'%' en (-&4o$ l*'o$ #e 4*#'7-l*&% e 4*#'olo5)%. Lo$ %lo'e$ -"*l*0%#o$ en e$"e %n7l*$*$ $e 4%n "o(%#o #el l*'o H*#'olo5)% A+l*&%#%= #e Ven Te C4o;= +75. F 6 en el l*'o K-n#%(en"o$ #e H*#'olo5)% #e S-+e'2*&*e= #e K'%n&*$&o A+%'*&*o M*!%'e$= +75$. 6 . P%'% &%l&-l%' l% *n"en$*#%# #e l% ll-*% $e 'e&-''e % l%$ &-'%$ *n"en$*#%# 8 #-'%&*3n 8 2'e&-en&*%= +%'% lo$ +e')o#o$ #e 'e"o'no &o''e$+on#*en"e$ 6 +%'% -n% #-'%&*3n *5-%l %l "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n. El "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n +%'% -n% &-en&% $e &%l&-l% -"*l*0%n#o l% e+'e$*3n #e *'+*&4:
7'r*+a ,e 8ir"i#0
Don#e: "& "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n= / 4 1. L lon5*"-# #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l= /(1. S Pen#*en"e +'o(e#*o #el 'e&o''*#o #el &%-&e= /((1.
7'r*+a Cai%orniana -,e U.S.B.R
D3n#e: "& "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n= / 4 1. L lon5*"-# #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l= /(1. J Pen#*en"e +'o(e#*o #el &%-&e= /((1.
7'r*+a ,e Gian,otti
D3n#e: "& "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n= / 4 1. A& S-+e'2*&*e #e l% &-en&%= /(>1 L lon5*"-# #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l= /(1. J Pen#*en"e +'o(e#*o #el &%-&e= /((1.
7'r*+a ,e T9*e:
D3n#e: "& "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n= / 4 1. L lon5*"-# #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l= /(1. J Pen#*en"e +'o(e# o del cauce, (m/m.
5.;.
M9to,o ,e 3i,ro(ra*a Trian(+ar El ("o#o 2-e #e$%''oll%#o +o' el Se'*&*o #e Con$e'%&*3n #e S-elo$ #e lo$ E$"%#o$ Un*#o$ /S.C.S.1= 6 e$ -"*l*0%#% +%'% el e$"-#*o #e l%$ &-en&%$ 4*#'o5'72*&%$ #e "%(%9o (e#*%no. Re+'e$en"% l% &o(+%'%&*3n 5'72*&% #e lo$ 5%$"o$ #e e$&-''*(*en"o &on"'% el "*e(+o ne&e$%'*o +%'% ,-e e$"o$ $e +'e$en"en. E$ -n 4*#'o5'%(% $*n""*&o ,-e
$*(+l*2*&% l% 2o'(% #el 4*#'o5'%(% #e -n% &'e&*#% &on -n "'*7n5-lo= el &-%l +'o+o'&*on% +%'7(e"'o$ 2-n#%(en"%le$ &o(o &%-#%l (7*(o= "*e(+o %$e 6 el "*e(+o en el ,-e $e +'o#-&e el (7*(o o &%-#%l +*&o. L%$ e+'e$*one$ ,-e $e -"*l*0%n $on l%$ $*5-*en"e$:
Don#e= tp : T*e(+o %l +*&o= en 4o'%$ tc : T*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n= en 4o'%$ tb : T*e(+o %$e= en 4o'%$ tr : T*e(+o #e l% 'e&e$*3n= en 4o'%$ D : D-'%&*3n #e l% "o'(en"%= +%'% lo &-%l $e &on$*#e'% *5-%l %l "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n=
en 4o'%$ L: T*e(+o #e 'e"'%$o= en 4o'%$ Qmax: C%-#%l (7*(o= en (?$ V: Vol-(en #e e$&-''*(*en"o= &%l&-l%#o &o(o l% *n"en$*#%# /*1 (-l"*+l*&%#% +o' l%
#-'%&*3n /D1= +o' el &oe2*&*en"e #e e$&-''*(*en"o 6 +o' el 7'e% #e l% &-en&%= en ( ? L% #-'%&*3n #e l% ll-*% e$ %,-ell% ,-e +'o#-&e el (7*(o %lo' #e 6 $e #e"e'(*n% *5-%l%n#o #*&4% #-'%&*3n &on el "*e(+o #e &on&en"'%&*3n.
VII. AN
%9o$ #e 'e5*$"'o1= +'e&*+*"%&*3n (7*(% #e >@ 4o'%$= #e > %9o$ #e 'e5*$"'o 4*$"3'*&o #e l% e$"%&*3n A-&%6%&-= ,-e $e en&-en"'% en l% +'o*n&*% #e Leon&*o P'%#o= &e'&%n% % l% 0on% #e *n2l-en&*% #el +'o6e&"o. K-en"e= O2*&*n% Gene'%l #e E$"%#)$"*&% e In2o'(7"*&% SENAMHI. L% *n2o'(%&*3n #el 'e5*$"'o 4*$"3'*&o #e l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n +l-*o("'*&% -"*l*0%#% #e 2-en"e ,-e $e *n#*&% en el &-%#'o &o''e$+on#*en"e= l% e$"%&*3n e(+le%#%= $e'7 +'e*o %n7l*$*$ #e &on$*$"en&*% 6 %!-$"e #e l%$ 2-n&*one$ #e #*$"'*-&*3n +%'% een"o$ e"'e(o$ (7*(o$ e"'%o'#*n%'*o$.
C+a,ro N= 5.6.6> Ubi#a#i'n ,e a E!ta#i'n 3i,ro'(i#a Pre#i"ita#i'n Tota Men!+a ESTACIÓN PROVINCIA A-&%6%&-
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7UENTES ENAM3I
En el 5'72*&o N .. $e o$e'% ,-e l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n (7*(% en >@ 4o'%$ %l&%n0% -n %lo' #e ?.F (( 6 o&-''e en el %9o
Gra%i#o NH 5.6.6
PRECIPITACION MAIMA EN ;@ 3ORAS ESTACION AUCAACU . F. ?.F
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ABOS Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
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>
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Gra%i#o 5.6.;
VARIACION DE LA PRECIPITACION ESTACION AUCAACU F. . F. . F. . FF. F. @F. @.
P ) + ' / & . % $ ( * ,
?F. ?. >F. >. F. . F. .
MEDIA MINIMA MAXIMA
ENE ?.F >. ?.
KEB ?. >?.F F.
MAR ??>. >F. F.
ABR >F.> . @.
MAY F.> F?.@ >@.?
JUN F.> @. F?.
JUL ?. @?. >>.
AGO . >. .
SET ?. F.@ >.
OCT >F>. . F>.>
NOV >.> >?. F@.
DIC @F.@ >@.F .@
Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra* o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
An%l*0%n#o l% %'*%&*3n e$"%&*on%l #e l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n #e A-&%6%&- ,-e e$ l% (7$ &e'&%n% %l 7'e% #e e$"-#*o= $e o$e'% l% e*$"en&*% #e #o$ +e'*o#o$= -no 4W(e#o o #e (%6o' +'e&*+*"%&*3n &o(+'en#*#o en"'e lo$ (e$e$ #e o&"-'e % %'*l= 6 o"'o $e&o #e (eno' +'e&*+*"%&*3n ,-e &o(+'en#e % lo$ (e$e$ #e M%6o % Se"*e('e. L% +'e&*+*"%&*3n (e#*% (en$-%l (7*(% o&-''e en el (e$ #e D*&*e('e &on @F.@ ((. 6 l% ()n*(% $e +'o#-&e en lo$ (e$e$ #e J-n*o= J-l*o 6 A5o$"o.
5.;. An)i!i! ,e a "re#i"ita#i'n tota *en!+a *)?i*a ,e ;@ 0ora! L%$ +'-e%$ #e on#%# #e %!-$"e= &on$*$"en en &o(+'o%' 5'72*&% 6 e$"%#)$"*&%(en"e $* l% 2'e&-en&*% e(+)'*&% #e l% $e'*e %n%l*0%#% $e %!-$"% % -n% #e"e'(*n%#% 2-n&*3n #e +'o%*l*#%# "e3'*&%.
Pr+eba ,e aj+!te ,e S*irnov 2 8o*o(orov Con$*$"e en &o(+%'%' l%$ #*2e'en&*%$ e*$"en"e$= en"'e l% +'o%*l*#%# e(+)'*&% #e lo$ #%"o$ #e l% (-e$"'% 6 l% +'o%*l*#%# "e3'*&%= "o(%n#o el %lo' (7*(o #el %lo' %$ol-"o= #e l% #*2e'en&*% en"'e el %lo' o$e'%#o 6 el %lo' #e l% 'e&"% "e3'*&% #el (o#elo= e$ #e&*':
∆ = máx[ F 5 x4 − P 5 x4] D3n#e: ∆
E$"%#)$"*&o #e S(*no'
K/1
P'o%*l*#%# #e l% #*2e'en&*% "e3'*&%.
P/1
P'o%*l*#%# e+e'*(en"%l o e(+)'*&% #e lo$ #%"o$= "%(*n #eno(*n%#% 2'e&-en&*% %&-(-l%#%.
El e$"%#)$"*&o
∆
"_ *ene $- 2-n&*3n #e #*$"'*-&*3n #e +'o%*l*#%#e$= $*
∆ e$
-n %lo'
&')"*&o +%'% -n n*el #e $*5n*2*&%n&*% α== $e "*ene ,-e:
[
P máx( F 5 x4
− P 5 x4 ) ≥ ∆6 ] = α
Se 4%n %!-$"%#o lo$ #%"o$ +%'% -n n*el #e $*5n*2*&%n&*% α .F % l%$ 2-n&*one$ #e +'o%*l*#%# G-(el= Lo5 No'(%l= G%((%= e"&. En lo$ C-%#'o$ N @.F.@ 6 N @.F.F $e (-e$"'%n lo$ %!-$"e$ % l%$ #*$"'*-&*one$ %n"e$ *n#*&%#%$ #e l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$ (7*(%$ en >@ 4o'%$ 6 #e l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n "o"%l (en$-%l #e l% e$"%&*3n T*n5o M%')%= "o#%$ l%$ #*$"'*-&*one$ &-(+len &on l% +'-e% #e S(*'no 8 ol(o5o'o /∆ < ∆1.
C+a,ro NH 5.;.6 Aj+!te ,e Pre#i"ita#ione! *)?i*a! en ;@ 0ora! e!ta#i'n A+#aa#+ DATOS > ? @ F > ? @ F >
?.F ?.@ >F. @. ?.@ >. >. . F. F. ?.> .@ .> . @. . .@ @. @.F ?.
Probabii,a, ,e e?#e,en#ia 7-? E*"$ri#a Nor*a .@ .? .F .>F .@? .F@ . .?> .>? .??> .> .? .??? .? .? .@> .@> .F .@ .F .F>@ .F@ .F .@ . .> . . .@ .?> .> .> . .@ .F . .F .> .F> .>
Di%eren#ia Deta D
LN;
LN G+* be Ga ** a Nor*a
.> .?? .F .> .> .?>F .?>F .@?F .@? .@? .FF .> .FF . .> .@F . .@ . .
.? .F .@ .> .> .> .> .? .@> .@> .@ .F . .>? .? .F . .> .>> .?
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.> .?F .? .?> .?? .?? .?? .@@ .@? .@? .F>> .> .F? .F . .> .F> . . .
LN;
LN G+*be Ga**a
. ?@ F . . >> . > ? . ? @@ . ? . > > . F . . ?> > . >? . . F> . > . ? . ? . ? . ? . ?> . ?F
. > . . ?> . > . >@ . ? . F . F?F . @@F> . ? . . FF> . ?> . . >@ . > . F . ?F . @ . @F>
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.F@ .>? .@? .> .?> .@ .F .@ .>@ .>F .?@> .@ .FF .@F> .?>F .@> .>> .?> .@>@ .>
.>> . .F .@ .@ .F? .FF .F> .F@>F .? .? .F .?@> .F .F? .? .@>F? . .>F? .>>
F. 6; F
F. FF;
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Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
C+a,ro NH 5.;.;Aj+!te ,e Pre#i"ita#ione! *en!+ae! e!ta#i'n A+#aa#+
DATOS > ? @ F > ? @ F >
.@ ?. . F. @>. F. FF.F F?. F>. F>F. F@. @.@ @?. @. @. @@. ?. ?. ?.@ ?F>.
Probabii,a, ,e e?#e,en#ia 7-? E*"$ri#a Nor*a .@ . .F .F .@? . . .?@ .>? .F .> .?F .??? .?F .? .@> .@> .F> .@ .F .F>@ .F@ .F .F . . . .? .@ . .> . . . .F . .F .? .F> .?@
Di%eren#ia Deta D
LN;
LN G+* be Ga ** a Nor*a
.?> . .>? .? .> .?>@ .?F .@F .@ .@ .F .F .F .F . . . .> .?F .F
.?@ .? .>@ .? .> .?>> .?FF .@@ .@F .@ .F> .FF .F . .? .F .> .> .? .
. .@ .FF . . .?? .? .@@ .@@ .@F .@ .F? .FF .F .F .> .F . . .@
.> . .>> .? .? .??@ .? .@> .@> .@> .F .F .F .@ . .> .F . .> .@
LN;
LN G+*be Ga**a
.?@ .? .>@ .F .> .> . . .>F .?F>? .>??@ .> .> .> .?@ . .F .@>F> .@ .
. F @ . >? > . @ . F? . > . ? @ . >@ . . ?? . @ . F . > . ?@ . > . ? . . @ . >? . ?F . F? F
. ?F . >> . @F . F? . F . ?>? . >F . F> . >@F . ? . >F . F>@ . @>? . F . >>@ . ?F . >@ . ? . ?>? . ?F
.>? . .>? .>?> .@ .@F .> .FF .F . .?@? .??FF .>F . .@? .??F> .@@@ .@?F? .@ .F
.>>> .>? .>>F .F@F .F> .@F .?F .? .@?F? .F .F@ .? .>F .F>FF .? .? .FF@ .F@> .>> .???
F.66F5
F. F5; F
F. F
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F.F6F
A#e"ta,a A#e"ta,a A#e"ta,a A#e"ta,a A#e"ta,a F
F.;@
Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
De *5-%l (%ne'% $e 'e%l*03 l% +'-e% -"*l*0%n#o -n +'o5'%(% #e &o(+-"%#o'% HIDROESTA +%'% l% #*$"'*-&*3n Lo5 Pe%'$on T*+o III +%'% l% e$"%&*3n &o''e$+on#*en"e= #%n#o &o(o 'e$-l"%#o$ +%'% l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n "o"%l (en$-%l 6 +%'% l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n (7*(% en >@ 4o'%$ lo$ #%"o$ $e %!-$"%n &on (o(en"o$ l*ne%le$. Lo$ 'e$-l"%#o$ $e %#!-n"%n en lo$ %neo$. Se &on&l-6e ,-e lo$ %!-$"e$ $on -eno$ +%'% "o#%$ l%$ 2-n&*one$ #e +'o%*l*#%#.
5.. Deter*ina#i'n ,e a Inten!i,a, M)?i*a ,e +via 5..6. Perio,o! ,e retorno "ara e #)#+o ,e aveni,a! Un% e0 ,-e $e #*$+one #e l% *n2o'(%&*3n 7$*&% #e +l%n*(e"')% 6 #e lo$ #%"o$ #e +'e&*+*"%&*3n= $e #ee -$&%' -n ("o#o ,-e lo5'e +'o+o'&*on%' lo$ &%-#%le$ #e #*$e9o +%'% '*n#%' $e5-'*#%# % l%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ 4*#'7-l*&%$. De e$"e (o#o $e 2%&*l*"% el #'en%!e lon5*"-#*n%l 6 "'%n$e'$%l #e l% e$&o''en")% n%"-'%l $o'e l% )%. Lo$ &'*"e'*o$ +%'% e$"*(%' l% %en*#% #e &7l&-lo ,-e #een $o+o'"%' l%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ #e #'en%!e= 4%n $*#o #e2*n*#o +o' #*$e9%#o'e$ 6 e$"-#*o$o$ #e 4*#'7-l*&%. El +'*n&*+*o e$ ,-e l%$ %en*#%$ #een #e $e' &%l&-l%#%$ $e5Wn $- +e'*o#o #e 'e+e"*&*3n o 'e"o'no en el "*e(+o. P%'% el &%$o #e l%$ #e2en$%$ #e l%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ *%le$= $e &on$*#e'% l%$ %en*#%$ &on lo$ +e'*o#o$ #e 'e"o'no= $e5Wn V. Ye!e*&4 6 J. D. S%l%$ /1.
Taba NH6 Tie*"o! ,e Retorno ,e Aveni,a! en C+r!o! ,e A(+a "ara De%en!a ,e E!tr+#t+ra! Viae!
Ti"o ,e E!tr+#t+ra G'%n#e$ P-en"e$ R*e$5o en P-en"e$ Pe,-e9o$ P-en"e$ Al&%n"%'*ll%$= B%#ene$ C-ne"%$
Perio,o ,e Retorno -aKo! F F >F >
P%'% l% #e"e'(*n%&*3n #el +e'*o#o #e 'e"o'no #e lo$ +-en"e$ $e #ee &on$*#e'%' #o$ %$+e&"o$= l% *#% W"*l #e l% e$"'-&"-'% 6 el '*e$5o #e 2%ll% %n"e l% $o&%%&*3n. L% *#% W"*l #el +-en"e e$ F %9o$ 6 el '*e$5o #e 2%ll% e$ >F. Se5Wn Ye!e*&4 el '*e$5o #e 2%ll% #e -n% e$"'-&"-'% e$"7 en 2-n&*3n %: R
=! −5! − 4 p
N
Don#e R= e$ el '*e5o #e 2%ll% #e l% e$"'-&"-'%. += e$ l% +'o%*l*#%# #e no o&-''en&*% #e l% 2%ll%. N= e$ el +e'*o#o #e *#% #e l% e$"'-&"-'%. Y el "*e(+o #e 'e"o'no e$"7 en 2-n&*3n %l '*e5o #e 2%ll% $e5Wn: T r
=
!
! − (! − R) ! N
Don#e T'= e$ el "*e(+o #e 'e"o'no #el een"o. Con$*#e'%n#o ,-e el '*e$5o #e 2%ll% #e l%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ /+-en"e$1 $e% el >F= +'o#-&"o #e ,-e e$"%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ en n*n5Wn &%$o &o(+'o(e"en #*'e&"%(en"e % 5'%n#e$ n* +e,-e9%$ +ol%&*one$ #e 4%*"%n"e$= ,-e "%(+o&o &o(+'o(e"en % 5'%n#e$ +'o6e&"o$ #e '*e5o= ene'5)% o= $e% e$ -n% )% +'*n&*+%l en el $*$"e(% #e "'%n$+o'"e. T%(*n &on$*#e'%n#o ,-e l% *#% W"*l #e l% e$"'-&"-'% e$ #e F %9o$ $e "*ene ,-e: T' @.? %9o$ F %9o$.
5..;. Inten!i,a,e! ,e "re#i"ita#i'n "ara e #)#+o ,e aveni,a! en "e/+eKa! !+b#+en#a!. L%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$ (7*(%$ &on $-$ +e'*o#o$ #e 'e"o'no= $on W"*le$ +%'% #e"e'(*n%' &%-#%le$ (7*(o$ en &-en&%$ 5'%n#e$= en el &%$o #e l%$ 7'e%$ ,-e *nol-&'%n l% )%= en $- (%6o')% $on +e,-e9%$ 6 "*enen "*e(+o$ #e &on&en"'%&*3n en (*n-"o$= +o' "%n"o $e "*ene ,-e en&on"'%' +'e&*+*"%&*one$ +%'% "*e(+o$ #e &on&en"'%&*3n &o'"o$. El &7l&-lo #e l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$ (7*(%$= $e 4% 'e%l*0%#o &on l%$ #*2e'en"e$ #*$"'*-&*one$ "e3'*&%$ &o(Wn(en"e -"*l*0%#%$ en l% 4*#'olo5)% &o(o: L% #*$"'*-&*3n
no'(%l= #*$"'*-&*3n lo5 8 no'(%l #e > 3 ? +%'7(e"'o$= #*$"'*-&*3n 5%((%= #*$"'*-&*3n lo5 8 Pe%'$on "*+o III= #*$"'*-&*3n G-(el 6 #*$"'*-&*3n Pe%'$on III. En el &-%#'o N .?. $e +'e$en"% el 'e$-(en #e l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$ $e5Wn el %!-$"e #e lo$ #%"o$ % #*$"*n"%$ 2-n&*one$ #e +'o%*l*#%# +%'% l% e$"%&*3n A-&%6%&-= M7*(% Men$-%l. En el G'72*&o N .?. $e (-e$"'%n l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$= o$e'%n#o ,-e l% 2-n&*3n G-(el e$ l% ,-e (7$ &on$*$"en&*% +'e$en"%.
C+a,ro NH 5..6. Pre#i"ita#ione! *)?i*a! "ara ,iver!a! %+n#ione! ,e "robabii,a, "erio,o! ,e retorno> -Tota Men!+a. Tr > F >F F >
P e?# 6T F > @ > .F
G+*be F.>@ ?F. .? >>.F . . F?.>
Lo( N ; F.? >. F.? . >.? ?. >.F
Lo( N @>.?@ F?>. F.@ @. >. >.@ ??.
Ga*a F. >?.@ >. @. F. ?.F .F
Pear!on III F. >?.@> >.F @.? F.@ ?.F@ .
Lo( P III F.> >>.@@ ?. F@.@ ?.@? @.F> ?.
Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
Gr)%i#o 5..6 Lo5 N >
F.
Lo5 N ?
F. Lo5 P III
F. G%(%
F. G-(el
F.
Pe%'$on III
C A T E R P N O I . * F. FF.
@F.
F
PERIODO DE RETORNO
F
>
Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tra*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
En el &-%#'o N .?.> $e +'e$en"% el 'e$-(en #e l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$ $e5Wn el %!-$"e #e lo$ #%"o$ % #*$"*n"%$ 2-n&*one$ #e +'o%*l*#%# +%'% l% e$"%&*3n A-&%6%&-= M7*(% en >@ 4o'%$. En el G'72*&o N .?.> $e (-e$"'%n l%$ +'e&*+*"%&*one$= o$e'%n#o ,-e l% 2-n&*3n G-(el *5-%l ,-e en el %n7l*$*$ %n"e'*o' e$ l% ,-e (7$ &on$*$"en&*% +'e$en"%.
C+a,ro NH 5..;. Pre#i"ita#ione! *)?i*a! "ara ,iver!a! %+n#ione! ,e "robabii,a, "erio,o! ,e retorno> -M)?i*a en ;@ 0ora!> "ara +na !erie ,e ,ato! i(+a a ;F aKo!.
Tr > F >F F >
P e?# 6T F > @ > .F
G+*be >. >.> >F.> @. F?.@ F.> .F
Lo( N ; ?.? .F . >.? ?. @?. F.F@
Lo( N . . . >. ?. @.> .>
Ga*a @.> .@> .F >. ?.? @?.> @.?
Pear!on III >.F@ .@@ >.> ?>. @. F.> F.
Lo( P III >. . . ??. @@.@? FF.> .>
Eabora#i'n Con!tr +##i'n ,e P+ente Carro:abe San(a"ia en e Tr a*o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
Gr)%i#o 5..; Lo5 N >
.
Lo5 N ?
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G%(% G-(el
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Pe%'$on III Lo5 P III
>. . .
C A T E R P N O I . * . @. >. .
F
PERIODO DE RETORNO
F
>
Eabora#i'n Con!tr+##i'n ,e P+ente Carro: abe San(a"ia en e Tra* o A+#aJa#+ CaKavera
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C+a,ro N= 5..@ INTENSIDADES M AIMAS RIO SANGAPILLA
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C+a,ro NH 5... Re(i!tro! P+vio*9tri#o! E!ta#i'n A+#aa#+ M9to,o ,e G+*be Me$ P'e&*+*"%&*3n /((1 No A9o M%. P'e&*+. xi (xi - x)^2 @?>.>> ? @. ABR > >.> @ ?.@ DIC ? @. F ?.@ AGO @ .? ?.F DIC F .> . NOV .F F. ABR ?.> .@ MAR @?. > >. DIC >.? > @. AGO .? >> . ENE @.? >? @. DIC > @. >@ ?.> NOV ? @?. >F >. KEB @ @. > .@ OCT F @@. > ?. MAY .F > F. DIC ?F. > . DIC @?.? > @.F DIC .F > >F. JUL > . >> .> NOV El%o'%&*3n P'o+*% En el &-%#'o N[ .?. $e e$+e&*2*&%n l%$ l7(*n%$ %!-$"%#%$ %l $e' (-l"*+l*&%#%$ +o' .? $e5Wn l% e+e'*en&*% #e L. L. el$$.
C+a,ro NH 5..5. La*ina! #orre(i,a! "ara ,i%erente! %re#+en#ia! Peri odo
Variable
Preci p.
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(mm)
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(x&)
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#e e$"e %lo' $e5Wn lo$ "*e(+o$ #e #-'%&*3n #e ll-*% %#o+"%#o$.
A #ontin+a#i'n !e ,etaan o! re!+ta,o! Cuadro ,.-. / Precipitacione$ m0xima$ para di!erente$ tiempo$ de duración de lluia$ Fuente: &%aboraci#n propia
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Cuadro 12 ,.-.3 / 4nten$idade$ de lluia para di!erente$ tiempo$ de duración Fuente: &%aboraci#n propia
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COEKICIENTE DE EXPANSION .F
21
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7i(+ra 6@ Eje ,e r$o 8M FYFFF 2 8M FY;;F "ara a !i*+a#i'n 0i,r)+i#a
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7i(+ra 65 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FYF5F /#e$o'#%(*en"o (%'5en *0,-*e'#%1
7i(+ra 65 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FYFF /#e$o'#%(*en"o (%'5en #e'e&4% +el*5'o #e *n-n#%&*3n1
7i(+ra 6 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a Inter"oa,a -8M FYFF8M FY6FF /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 6 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a Inter"oa,a -8M FY6FF8M FY6;F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 6 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a Inter"oa,a -e*"a:a*iento ,e "+ente /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 66F Se##i'n Tran!ver!a Inter"oa,a -8M FY6FF8M FY6;F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 666 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a Inter"oa,a -8M FY6FF8M FY6;F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 66; Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FY6;F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en %(%$ (%'5ene$1
7i(+ra 66 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FY6@F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en (%'5en *0,-*e'#%1
7i(+ra 66@ Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FY65F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en (%'5en *0,-*e'#%1
7i(+ra 66 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FY6F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en (%'5en *0,-*e'#%1
7i(+ra 665 Se##i'n Tran!ver!a 8M FY6F /#e$o'#%(*en"o en (%'5en *0,-*e'#%1
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7i(+ra 6;F Se##i'n ,e "+ente "roe#ta,o L ;F.FF *
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So&%%&*3n 5ene'%l en el +-en"e /$o&%%&*3n +o' &on"'%&&*3n1
So&%%&*3n lo&%l en +*l%$ o %$"*one$
E$"o$ "'e$ %$+e&"o$ #e l% $o&%%&*3n $on %#*"*o$= +o' lo ,-e lo$ "'e$ &o(+onen"e$ $e #een &%l&-l%' +%'% &%#% +-en"e 6 $- $-(% $e'7 l% $o&%%&*3n +o"en&*%l "o"%l e$+e'%#% en &%#% $*"*o. A#*&*on%l(en"e % e$"o$ 2%&"o'e$= l% +o$**l*#%# #e (*5'%&*3n l%"e'%l #el &-'$o #e %5-% #ee %n%l*0%'$e &on el 2*n #e "ene' -n +%no'%(% &o(+le"o $o'e l% e$"%*l*#%# #el $*"*o #on#e $e e'*5*'7 el +-en"e /KHA= >1.
.6.6
So#ava#i'n en *ateriae! (ran+are! a+viae! C-%n#o en el &%-&e #e -n ')o e*$"en (%"e'*%le$ %l-*%le$ ,-e +-e#en $e' "'%n$+o'"%#o$ +o' el 2l-!o= $e +-e#en *#en"*2*&%' #o$ &on#*&*one$ en l%$ ,-e +-e#e o&-''*' l% $o&%%&*3n: $o&%%&*3n #e %5-%$ &l%'%$ 6 $o&%%&*3n #e le&4o *o. E$"% #**$*3n $e %$% en l% 'el%&*3n en"'e l% elo&*#%# #el 2l-!o %5-%$ %''*% #e l% $e&&*3n %5-%$ %''*% /1 6 l% elo&*#%# &')"*&% #e "'%n$+o'"e #e lo$ $e#*(en"o$ +'e$en"e$ en l% $e&&*3n /&1. S* l% elo&*#%# #el 2l-!o e$ (%6o' ,-e l% elo&*#%# &')"*&% +%'% "'%n$+o'"e /j&1= e*$"e -n (o*(*en"o 5ene'%l*0%#o #e (%"e'*%l #el le&4o= &on#*&*3n #eno(*n%#% #e le&4o *o. En e$e &%$o el 2l-!o #e %+'o*(%&*3n "'%e &on$*5o -n $-(*n*$"'o &on"*n-o #e $e#*(en"o 4%&*% l% 0on% #e $o&%%&*3n= l% &-%l e$ &%-$%#% no +o' el (o*(*en"o #el (%"e'*%l +o' el 2on#o $*no +o' l% e*$"en&*% #e &on"'%&&*one$ - o$"'-&&*one$ %l 2l-!o /H%(*ll= 1. S* +o' el &on"'%'*o l% elo&*#%# #el 2l-!o e$ (eno' ,-e l% elo&*#%# &')"*&% /k&1 el (%"e'*%l #el le&4o e$"7 en 'e+o$o 6 l% &on#*&*3n $e #eno(*n% #e %5-%$ &l%'%$. En e$"e &%$o &-%l,-*e' (%"e'*%l 'e(o*#o +o' e2e&"o #e l% $o&%%&*3n no % % $e' 'ee(+l%0%#o +o' (%"e'*%l +'oen*en"e #e %5-%$ %''*%= 6 +o' lo "%n"o $e %l&%n0%'7 -n n*el #e $o&%%&*3n "%l ,-e l% +'o2-n#*#%# $o&%%#% 'e#-0&% l% elo&*#%# 6 el +'o&e$o #e e'o$*3n $e #e"en5% /H%(*ll= 1. E$"% &on#*&*3n $e +-e#e +'e$en"%' en ')o$ &on (%"e'*%le$ 5'-e$o$ &on "'%n$+o'"e +o' el 2on#o 'e#-&*#o= en &%-&e$ &on %&o'%0%(*en"o 6 en &%-&e$ #e %!% +en#*en"e /G%'&)%= >1. P%'% &%l&-l%' l% elo&*#%# &')"*&% & +%'% el "%(%9o (e#*o #e +%'")&-l% /#F1 #el (%"e'*%l #e 2on#o $e +-e#e -"*l*0%' l% $*5-*en"e e&-%&*3n /KHA= >1:
D3n#e: & elo&*#%# &')"*&% /($1 -= /-n*#%#e$ SI1 6+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% %5-%$ %''*% #e l% $e&&*3n #e +-en"e /(1 #F#*7(e"'o #e l% +%'")&-l% +%'% & /(1
En l% K*5. . $e (-e$"'% e$,-e(7"*&%(en"e l% 'ele%n&*% #e -no - o"'o "*+o #e $o&%%&*3n en 2-n&*3n #e l% eol-&*3n #e l% +'o2-n#*#%# $o&%%#%: en &on#*&*one$ #e %5-%$ &l%'%$ el +'o&e$o "*en#e % $e' (7$ len"o +e'o % %l&%n0%' -n% +'o2-n#*#%# (%6o' en l%$ &on#*&*one$ #e le&4o *o el +'o&e$o e$ (7$ '7+*#o 6 % % e+e'*(en"%' 2l-&"-%&*one$ *(+o'"%n"e$ en el "*e(+o= ,-e +-e#en lle5%' % $e' (%6o'e$ % l%$ &on#*&*one$ #e %5-%$ &l%'%$. K*5. . Re+'e$en"%&*3n e$,-e(7"*&% #e l% eol-&*3n en el "*e(+o #e l% $o&%%&*3n en -n% +*l% #e +-en"e= +%'% &on#*&*one$ #e %5-%$ &l%'%$ 6 le&4o *o /$e5Wn KHA= >1
.6.;. De(ra,a#i'n o a(ra,a#i'n ,e ar(o "a:o El "'(*no #e5'%#%&*3n $e 'e2*e'e % l% +'#*#% #e (%"e'*%l en -n "'%(o #e ')o= (*en"'%$ ,-e %5'%#%&*3n $e 'e2*e'e %l %-(en"o #el le&4o #e l% ,-e'%#% +'o#-&"o #e l% #e+o$*"%&*3n #e $e#*(en"o$. A(o$ +'o&e$o$ $on 2en3(eno$ ,-e o&-''en en "'%(o$ l%'5o$ #e lo$ ')o$ 6 en l%+$o$ #e "*e(+o 'el%"*%(en"e e"en$o$= +o' lo ,-e no $on e2e&"o$ lo&%le$ n* *n(e#*%"o$. P-e#en $e' +'o#-&"o #e +'o&e$o$ n%"-'%le$ o #e &%(*o$ +'o#-&*#o$ +o' %&"**#%#e$ 4-(%n%$ en lo$ ')o$. E"'%&&*3n #e %5-%= &on$"'-&&*3n #e -n% +'e$%= e"'%&&*3n #e (%"e'*%l #e lo$ &%-&e$ #e lo$ ')o$= 'e&"*2*&%&*3n #e &%-&e$ +-e#en $e' %l5-n%$ #e l%$ &%-$%$ %n"'o+o5n*&%$ #e l% #e5'%#%&*3n o %5'%#%&*3n % l%'5o +l%0o. L% '-+"-'% #el e,-*l*'*o en"'e el &%-#%l $3l*#o= el &%-#%l l),-*#o 6 el "%(%9o #e +%'")&-l% en -n &%-&e &%-$%n %!-$"e$ en l% +en#*en"e lon5*"-#*n%l #el (*$(o= lo$ &-%le$ $e (%n*2*e$"%n en &%(*o$ en lo$ +'o&e$o$ #e "'%n$+o'"e 6 +o' lo "%n"o en l% e'o$*3n 6 #e+o$*"%&*3n #e (%"e'*%l en el 2on#o #el ')o. En el %n7l*$*$ #e $o&%%&*3n "o"%l -n +-en"e= l% $o&%%&*3n #e l%'5o +l%0o +'o#-&"o #e e$"o$ &%(*o$ en l% (o'2olo5)% #e l% ,-e'%#% #ee $e' e%l-%#% 6
&on$*#e'%#%. S* e*$"en %&"**#%#e$ ,-e %2e&"en o +-e#%n lle5%' % %2e&"%' el e,-*l*'*o lon5*"-#*n%l #el &%-&e #ee'7 #e"e'(*n%'$e $- (%5n*"-# 6 +o"en&*%l *(+%&"o +%'% #e&*#*' $* e$ ne&e$%'*o 'e%l*0%' e$"-#*o$ 5eo(o'2ol35*&o$ +%'% $-(%' % l% $o&%%&*3n 5ene'%l 6 lo&%l el e2e&"o #e l% #e5'%#%&*3n.
.6.. So#ava#i'n (enera -"or #ontra##i'n L% $o&%%&*3n 5ene'%l e$ -n +'o&e$o (e#*%n"e el &-%l el &%-&e #e l% ,-e'%#% $e +'o2-n#*0% #e*#o % l% 'e(o&*3n #e (%"e'*%l #e 2on#o +'o#-&"o #el %-(en"o #e l% elo&*#%# %n"e l% o&-''en&*% #e -n% &on"'%&&*3n en el 2l-!o. E$"%$ &on#*&*one$ #e 2l-!o +-e#en $e' n%"-'%le$ /e.5. &on"'%&&*3n n%"-'%l= 2l-!o$ $e&-n#%'*o$ #e*#o$ % -n% &-'%1 o +-e#e $e' el 'e$-l"%#o #e l% &on"'%&&*3n ,-e *(+l*&% l% &on$"'-&&*3n #e -n +-en"e o #e $-$ e$"'*o$ #e %+'o*(%&*3n. L% $o&%%&*3n +o' &on"'%&&*3n en $*"*o$ #e +-en"e$ +-e#e #**#*'$e en &-%"'o &on#*&*one$ o &%$o$= #e+en#*en#o #el "*+o #e &on"'%&&*3n= 6 $* 4%6 2l-!o $o'e lo$ %n&o$. P%'% "o#o$ e$"o$ &%$o$= l% $o&%%&*3n +o' &on"'%&&*3n +-e#e e%l-%'$e &on #o$ e&-%&*one$ 7$*&%$: $o&%%&*3n #e le&4o *o= 6 $o&%%&*3n #e %5-%$ &l%'%$. P%'% el &7l&-lo #e l% $o&%%&*3n +o' &on"'%&&*3n en &on#*&*one$ #e le&4o *o $e 'e&o(*en#% el -$o #e l% e&-%&*3n (o#*2*&%#% #e L%-'$en /G%'&)%= >1 ,-e &on &*e'"%$ &on$*#e'%&*one$ $e +-e#e e$&'**' &o(o:
D3n#e: 6$ +'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% #e $o&%%&*3n /(1 6+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% %5-%$ %''*% #e l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#% /(1 6>+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% en l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#%= #e$+-$ #e l% $o&%%&*3n /(1 6+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% en l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#%= %n"e$ #e l% $o&%%&*3n /(1 &%-#%l %5-%$ %''*% en el &%n%l +'*n&*+%l 6 ,-e "'%n$+o'"% $e#*(en"o$ /(?$1 >&%-#%l en $e&&*3n &on"'%)#% /(?$1 %n&4o #el 2on#o #el &%n%l +'*n&*+%l %5-%$ %''*% /(1 >%n&4o #el &%n%l +'*n&*+%l en l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#% (eno$ %n&4o #e l%$ +*l%$ /(1
Qe+onen"e ,-e #e+en#e #e l%$ &on#*&*one$ #e %''%$"'e #e 2on#o 6 ,-e %')% en"'e =F 6 = P%'% el &7l&-lo #e l% &on"'%&&*3n lo&%l en &on#*&*one$ #e %5-%$ &l%'%$ $e 'e&o(*en#% el -$o #e l% e&-%&*3n (o#*2*&%#% #e L%-'$en= R*&4%'#$on 6 D%*$ /G%'&)%= >1 ,-e $e e$&'*e &o(o:
#on#e= 6$+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% #e $o&%%&*3n /(1 6+'o2-n#*#%# (e#*% en l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#%= %n"e$ #e l% $o&%%&*3n /(1 &%-#%l en $e&&*3n &on"'%)#% /(?$1 %n&4o #el &%n%l +'*n&*+%l en l% $e&&*3n &on"'%)#% (eno$ %n&4o #e l%$ +*l%$ /(1 #(#*7(e"'o (e#*o e2e&"*o #e l%$ +%'")&-l%$ #el le&4o /=>F #F1.
.6.@. So#ava#i'n o#a So#ava#i'n a "ie ,e e!tribo! ba!tione! L% $o&%%&*3n lo&%l %l +*e #e e$"'*o$ 6 %$"*one$ #e +-en"e$ $e #ee % l% 2o'(%&*3n #e 3'"*&e$ 4o'*0on"%le$ ,-e e(+*e0%n %5-%$ %''*%= ,-e $e (o*l*0%n %l +*e #el %$"*3n 6 ,-e 2o'(%n 3'"*&e$ e'"*&%le$ %5-%$ %%!o= 5ene'%n#o l% 'e(o&*3n #el (%"e'*%l #el le&4o. E*$"en %'*%$ 'el%&*one$ e(+)'*&%$ +%'% #e"e'(*n%' l% $o&%%&*3n en %$"*one$ /Mel*lle 6 Cole(%n >= G%'&)% >= H%(*ll= = USACE >1. E$"%$ 'el%&*one$ $e #e"%ll%n en lo$ %neo$ 'e$+e&"*o$.
.;. RESULTADOS DEL C
-"*l*0%n#o l%$ 23'(-l%$ #e (%"e'*%le$ no &o4e$*o$= #e"%ll%#%$ en el %neo 'e$+e&"*o. L% $o&%%&*3n lo&%l &%l&-l%#% e$ .? ( %$-(*en#o -n %lo' #e .F ( +%'% el #*$e9o.
De(ra,a#i'n a ar(o "a:o e!tabii,a, atera T'%$ l% o$e'%&*3n #el &%-&e= no $e *#en"*2*&%'on e*#en&*%$ #e +'o&e$o$ #e #e5'%#%&*3n % lo l%'5o #el ')o S%n5%+*ll% /"'%(o e$"-#*%#o1. No $e o$e'%n #e$&en$o$ %+'e&*%le$ en el 2on#o #el &%-&e en el $e&"o' #el +-en"e n* (7'5ene$ &on +'o&e$o$ #e e'o$*3n l%"e'%l %$o&*%#o$ % l% #e5'%#%&*3n. E$ e*#en"e ,-e el &%-&e 4% $*#o #'%5%#o +%'% %-(en"%' $&%+%&*#%#= +o' lo ,-e +o$*le(en"e $- &on#*&*3n n%"-'%l e'% +'o+en$% % *n-n#%&*one$ 2'e&-en"e$. El -$o #e l% "*e''% #e l% &-en&% 6 l%$ %!%$ +en#*en"e$ #el &%-&e +-e#en *n#*&%' -n% "en#en&*% % l% #e+o$*"%&*3n #e $e#*(en"o$ 6 % l% %5'%#%&*3n= $*"-%&*3n ,-e #ee $e' %"en#*#% (e#*%n"e (%n"en*(*en"o 'e5-l%' #el &%-&e +%'% no +e'#e' l% &%+%&*#%# 4*#'7-l*&% #el &%-&e ,-e +-e#% lle5%' % %2e&"%' l% e$"'-&"-'% #el +-en"e.
So#ava#i'n (enera -"or #ontra##i'n En &-%n"o % l% $o&%%&*3n +o' &on"'%&&*3n= $e %n%l*0%'on l% $e&&*3n "'%n$e'$%l !-$"o %!o el +-en"e 6 l% $e&&*3n %5-%$ %''*% +%'% +o#e' lle%' % &%o lo$ &7l&-lo$. En e$"e &%$o= $e *#en"*2*&% -n l*5e'o e$"'e&4%(*en"o #el 2l-!o #-'%n"e l%$ &'e&*en"e$ %n%l*0%#%$. E$"e e2e&"o #e &on"'%&&*3n= $e5Wn l% e&-%&*3n #e -"*l*0%#%$ +%'% le&4o *o= +-e#e lle5%' % $*5n*2*&%' -n% +'o2-n#*#%# #e $o&%%&*3n (7*(% #e =F ( &on 'e$+e&"o %l n*el #e &%-&e %&"-%l= &on %$e en lo$ &7l&-lo$ +%'% -n +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$. E$"% l*5e'% +'o2-n#*0%&*3n o&-''*'7 "%n"o en el &en"'o &o(o en lo$ o'#e$ #el 2on#o #el &%-&e 6 #ee'7 $e' &on$*#e'%#% % l% 4o'% #e &on2o'(%' el 2on#o #el &%-&e -n% e0 &on$"'-*#o el +-en"e.
So#ava#i'n o#a a "ie ,e e!tribo! En %(%$ (7'5ene$ $e &olo&%'7n %$"*one$= $*n e(%'5o= e$"o$ no "en#'7n *n"e'%&&*3n &on l% ,-e'%#% #-'%n"e &'e&*en"e$= 6% ,-e lo$ (*$(o$ $e -*&%'7n 2-e'% #el &%-&e +'*n&*+%l. Po' lo "%n"o= no %+l*&%n lo$ &7l&-lo$ #e $o&%%&*3n lo&%l.
Re#o*en,a#ione! "ara e nive ,e ,e!"ante "rote##i'n ,e ba!tione! E$ 2-n#%(en"%l *n&o'+o'%' en el #*$e9o +'o"e&&*one$ +%'% e*"%' e'o$*one$ $-+e'2*&*%le$ %l'e#e#o' #e lo$ %$"*one$ 6 'elleno$ #e %+'o*(%&*3n= +%'% e*"%' +-n"o$ #*le$ ,-e +-e#%n 2%ll%' #-'%n"e &'e&*#%$ 6 ,-e l*(*"en l% 2-n&*on%l*#%# #el +-en"e. Se 'e&o(*en#% +'oee' % e$"%$ e$"'-&"-'%$ #e +'o"e&&*one$ $-+e'2*&*%le$ (e#*%n"e e$&olle'%$ &on "%l-#e$ =FH:V o (7$ "en#*#o$= ,-e no %l"e'en l% $e&&*3n "'%n$e'$%l %&"-%l #el &%-&e 6 ,-e 5%'%n"*&en ,-e lo$ e$"'*o$ "en#'7n *n"e'n%(en"e -n "%l-# &on 2l-!o +o' en&*(% /g$+*ll< "4'o-54h1. E$"% e$&olle'% #ee'7 &on"%' &on -n e(+e#'%#o $-+e'2*&*%l /'*+<'%+1= e(+e#'%#o l*5%#o &on (o'"e'o= &ol&4one"%$ #e 5%*one$= (%ll%$ %'"*&-l%#%$ #e lo,-e$ #e &on&'e"o=
(%n"%$ l**%n%$ %n"* re#o*en,a,o "ara e "+ente
. CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES Con#+!ione! El ')o S%n5%+*ll%= en el $*"*o #on#e $e -*&%'7 el +-en"e= e$ -n &-'$o #e %5-% ,-e #'en% -n% +e,-e9% &-en&% #e ?= Q(> en el $e&"o' #e S%n5%+*ll% 8 C%9%e'%l= #el #*$"'*"o #e Jo$ C'e$+o 6 C%$"*llo= +'o*n&*% #e Leon&*o P'%#o. Lo$ %n7l*$*$ 4*#'ol35*&o$ #e l% &-en&% +e'(*"*e'on #e2*n*' &%-#%le$ (7*(o$ *n$"%n"7neo$ en el $*"*o #el +-en"e. El &%-#%l o"en*#o "'%$ l% %+l*&%&*3n #e (o#el%#o "'*%n5-l%' #e SCS= e(+le%n#o l% +'e&*+*"%&*3n (7*(% en >@ 4o'%$ #e l% E$"%&*3n A-&%6%&- ,-e $e %$-(en &%'%&"e')$"*&%$ #e l% 'e5*3n #e'*%#%$ % +%'"*' #e *n2o'(%&*3n *<#<2 'e+'e$en"%"*% #e l% 0on%.
Lo$ #%"o$ #e *n"en$*#%#e$ #e ll-*% -"*l*0%#o$ en e$"e e$"-#*o $on #el +e')o#o ? < >>= +o' lo ,-e #ee "ene'$e en &-en"% ,-e el &%(*o &l*(7"*&o ,-e $e e+e'*(en"% en l% %&"-%l*#%# % n*el 5lo%l "%(*n e$"7 %2e&"%n#o % el Pe'W= %-(en"%n#o l%$ "e(+e'%"-'%$ (e#*%$ (7*(%$ 6 ()n*(%$= +o' lo ,-e en l% %&"-%l*#%# 6 en el 2-"-'o el '5*(en #e ll-*%$ +-e#e &%(*%'= &on$*#e'%n#o ,-e l%$ *n"en$*#%#e$ (7*(%$ #e ll-*% +-e#%n %-(en"%'. El &%-#%l 5ene'%#o +o' l% *n"en$*#%# (7*(% #e ll-*% +%'% -n +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$ +%'% el 7'e% #e l% $-&-en&% #el ')o S%n5%+*ll% $e 4% &%l&-l%#o en F.FF ( ?$. P%'% e$"*(%' lo$ n*ele$ #e l% ,-e'%#% %$o&*%#o$ % lo$ &%-#%le$ #e #*$e9o $e el%o'3 -n (o#elo 4*#'7-l*&o #el ')o S%n5%+*ll% en el +'o5'%(% HEC
#e >> ( en el &-%l $e #e2*n*e'on -n "o"%l #e > $e&&*one$ "'%n$e'$%le$ 6 #on#e %#e(7$ $e e$"*(%'on l%$ &on#*&*one$ #e '-5o$*#%# 6 #e &on"'ol 4*#'7-l*&o. Se 'e%l*03 el %n7l*$*$ 4*#'7-l*&o +%'% el (*$(o +e')o#o #e 'e"o'no #e F %9o$ 6 -n% $e&&*3n #e +-en"e +'o+-e$"%= &on el +'o+3$*"o #e #*$e9%' -n% e$"'-&"-'% (7$ $e5-'%. El n*el ,-e +o#')% %l&%n0%' e$"% &'e&*#% (7*(% en l% $e&&*3n +'o+-e$"%= e$ #e >.F (. Co(o +'o+-e$"% +%'% l% 5eo(e"')% #el +-en"e= 6 &on$*#e'%n#o lo$ &'*"e'*o$ -$-%le$ #el M*n*$"e'*o #e T'%n$+o'"e 6 Co(-n*&%&*one$ MTC= $e #e2*n*3 -n% l-0 #e >F. ( /$e+%'%&*3n e2e&"*% #e e$"'*o$1 6 -n n*el #e 2on#o #e *5% -*&%#% en l% &o"% F. ($n(. De l%$ $*(-l%&*one$ en HEC
