W h ofsIt It for P The The book is designed primarily, but not exclusively, exclusively, for adul a dultt students studying st udying ESOL at a t schools and colleges in the United Kingdom. It can be used to support topic- and function-based class work. Alternatively, students can use it for self-study self-stu dy or for their own referen reference. ce. The The rationale underlying the book is to make grammar accessible, accessible, relevant and memorable. memorable. This This is done done by making use of step-by-step activities and clear contextualized language.
L e v e l The The material materi al takes t akes the Key Grammatical Grammatical Structures at a t Entry Levels 1/2 from the Adult Adu lt ES ESOL core curriculum curri culum as its it s basis. basis. We know that the language profile of ESOL students at or around ‘pre-intermediate’ level is rarely an exact match for f or the Adult Adu lt ES ESOL core curriculum curri culum level leve l specifications. specifications. The The book therefore attempts to take this ‘spiky spik y profile prof ile’’ o f ES ESOL classes into account through accessible explanations and graded practice exercise exercises. s.
C onte tent The book contains 30 units, followed follo wed by grammar notes, notes, a database containing vocabulary notes and other information, an answer key and a pronunciation key. key.
A pproa ch The approach used in ESOL Practi Practice ce Gram Grammar asks students to infer the pattern or rule from context, rather rath er than making overt statements about abo ut the language language,, to encourage genuine language development The ‘Use ‘Use in Context’ section in each unit presents the grammar point poin t through a realistic reali stic scenario, scenario, usually usual ly a naturalistic dialogue involving characters that ESOL students can identify with. Students are asked to focus on key elements of the language to help them understand the pattern or rule. Further clarification is provided by referring the students to appropriate grammar notes at the back o f the book. book. A set of exerc exercise ises s practising practising the the grammar grammar point follow follows s eac each h ‘Use ‘Use in Conte Context’ xt’. The These se exerc exercise ises s are are desig designed ned to account for fo r differentiation different iation within a class by offeri offering ng a progressive progressive degree of challenge. challenge. Where here appropriate, appropriate, the final exercise personalizes the grammar point with communicative interaction.
W h ofsIt It for P The The book is designed primarily, but not exclusively, exclusively, for adul a dultt students studying st udying ESOL at a t schools and colleges in the United Kingdom. It can be used to support topic- and function-based class work. Alternatively, students can use it for self-study self-stu dy or for their own referen reference. ce. The The rationale underlying the book is to make grammar accessible, accessible, relevant and memorable. memorable. This This is done done by making use of step-by-step activities and clear contextualized language.
L e v e l The The material materi al takes t akes the Key Grammatical Grammatical Structures at a t Entry Levels 1/2 from the Adult Adu lt ES ESOL core curriculum curri culum as its it s basis. basis. We know that the language profile of ESOL students at or around ‘pre-intermediate’ level is rarely an exact match for f or the Adult Adu lt ES ESOL core curriculum curri culum level leve l specifications. specifications. The The book therefore attempts to take this ‘spiky spik y profile prof ile’’ o f ES ESOL classes into account through accessible explanations and graded practice exercise exercises. s.
C onte tent The book contains 30 units, followed follo wed by grammar notes, notes, a database containing vocabulary notes and other information, an answer key and a pronunciation key. key.
A pproa ch The approach used in ESOL Practi Practice ce Gram Grammar asks students to infer the pattern or rule from context, rather rath er than making overt statements about abo ut the language language,, to encourage genuine language development The ‘Use ‘Use in Context’ section in each unit presents the grammar point poin t through a realistic reali stic scenario, scenario, usually usual ly a naturalistic dialogue involving characters that ESOL students can identify with. Students are asked to focus on key elements of the language to help them understand the pattern or rule. Further clarification is provided by referring the students to appropriate grammar notes at the back o f the book. book. A set of exerc exercise ises s practising practising the the grammar grammar point follow follows s eac each h ‘Use ‘Use in Conte Context’ xt’. The These se exerc exercise ises s are are desig designed ned to account for fo r differentiation different iation within a class by offeri offering ng a progressive progressive degree of challenge. challenge. Where here appropriate, appropriate, the final exercise personalizes the grammar point with communicative interaction.
I would like to thank Sue Messenger and the ESOL students and teachers in the Skills for Life Department at Central Sussex College. Also thanks to Lin for her support throughout. The The writing w riting of a book like this necessarily involves involves reference to the corpus o f published ELT gram mar books. books. In this respect, I would like to acknowledge in particular the work of R Murphy (CUP) and D Beaumont (Macmillan/Heinemann). David King Author Aut hor
6
a m/is / are: the ve rt?be1
8
thereis / thereare/ it is / theyare : the ve rt?be2
11
T hepresent continuous
14
p le1 / / you / we / they: present sim
17
he/ she / /£ p le2 r: present sim
20
Im pe ra tives
23
Q ue stionw ords
26
can / can't (ca nnot) / could/ couldn't: m od al verbs
30
ha vegot
34
s o m e/ any: ciuantity 1
38
h owm u c h/ how m a n y/ a lot / a few / a little : ciuantity2
42
M a kingp lura ls: n o u n s
46
a / an / trAie: articles
49
the : the d e F m itearticle
52
this / that / these/ those: dem onstratives
55
P ronouns
58
Adjectives
61
A dve rbs
64
P re positions of tim e : in/ o n / < = ? £ ■
67
P re positions of pla ce : in/ o n / a t
70
M oreprepositions of pla ce
73
P repositional phra ses
75
V e rbs+prepositions
77
U se s of like
80
w a s/ w ere: past s im p le1
82
R e gula r verbs: past sim p le2
85
Irregular ve rbs: past sim p le3
87
P resent continuous / w ill (w on't) / goingto: future
90
must / m ustn't / ha veto: obligation
93
C om pa ra tiveadjectives
96
G ra m m a r notes D ataba se A nsw e rK e y K e yto pronuncia tion
a m/ is / are the verb be 1 & Database Z, 14 , IS Read about Deva.
t x e t n o c n i
" H i. m y n a m e ' s D e v a . I' m f r o m S r i L a n k a . I'm 3 2 y e a r s o l d a n d I 'm m a r r i e d . / w o r k a t t h e lo c a l s u p e r m a r k e t — t o d a y I'm o n t h e c h e c k o u t b u t I'm n o t t h e r e e v e r y d a y . M y h u s b a n d ' s n a m e 's R a f i c i . H e ' s 3€> a n d h e ' s a
e s
t a x i d r i v e r . W e a r e a s m a ll f am il y o f f o u r p eo p le . O u r
U
s o n i s e ig h t a n d o u r l i t t l e g i r l i s o n l y f i v e . O u r f a m i li e s a r e n ' t in E n g l a n d —t h e y ' r e
oJV '- H o wdow euse ma m/
fS
/
i n S r i L a n k a . S o m e t im e s l i f e
a re P(p a g e
96)
i s n ' t e a s y b u t w e 'r e h ap p y ."
Complete this table and then check your answers on page 123. | 1 You He She It We They
Verb
Negative form
long form
I’m not
1am You are
You’re He’s
She is
/ You’re not He isn’t She isn’t
It’s We are They’re
Complete this table with answers to the questions. J I Answers Are you happy? Are you single? Are you a student? Are you English? How old are you? Where are you from? Is your friend English? Is your friend single? Is your car new? Is your car very old? Are your children very young? Are your parents in England?
Unit 1 : am/ /s
/ are
Yes, 1am. No, I’m not. Yes, _ ________ . No. I’m from Yes. she is. No. No. it Yes. Yes. thev No.
We aren’t / We’re not /
,
P ra c tic e Circle the correct option. They isn’t /{aren^} American.
a I’m not / I amn’t married.
g I’m / I is sorry I’m / 1is late.
b Food in England isn’t /a re n’t cheap.
h My girlfriend has / is 22 years old.
c The teacher is /a re ill today.
i We ’re / We’m students at the college. j Is/Are your friend English?
d My name am / is Magda. e The weather in England isn’t/a re n ’t very hot.
k What is / are the capital city of your country?
1 Buses and trains in England isn’t / aren’t cheap.
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. i
a What’s your name? —
1 I’m a chef.
b Are you English?
2 This is my wife, Nasra.
c Where are you from? d How old are you? e Are you single?
\
3 I’m 31.
\
4 No, I’m married. \
5 It’s 34a Park Street.
f What’s your job? g Who is this?
\ 6 x.
I’m from Turkey.
7 She’s Syrian.
h What’s her nationality?
8 My name’s Ismail.
i What’s your address?
9 No, I’m not.
Write the correct form of be. ‘‘Hello, my name’s Myra. I (a ______ a student in an English class at the local college. My English
1b) ______ very good, but I like my class because my teacher ( c ) _______ very nice! I (d) _______ 36 years old and I (e) ______ from Pakistan. I (f) _______ not single, I (g) _______ married. My husband’s name
h) _ ____ Amir. He T : _______ 40 and he (J ) _______ a driver for a supermarket.
4
Our children’s names (k ) ______ Adel and Answa. They V;_
pupils at the local primary school. They
m) ______ good at English - much better than me! We n _
very rich but we (o'; ______ happy!”
Work with a classmate. Talk about yourself, your friends and family. For example: A: My name’s Youssef. I’m 28 and I’m a cook. What’s your job? B: I’m a bus driver.
U nit' Isam/ /s
/ are
the refs/ the reare/ ft fs/ th e y a re
the verb be z
Database \Z Cheng is talking about the street where he lives. 'Vl iv e in a t ? us y s t r e e t n e a r t h e c i t y c e n t r e . T h e re a r e l o t s o f f am i l i e s w i t h y o u n g c h i l d r en in o u r s t r e e t . T h ey a r e a l l v e r y f r ie n d l y . A t t h e end o f the road there are s o m e s h o p s . Th er e? s a s u p e r m a r k e t. It ' s a b i g s h o p w i t h e v e r y t h i n g I n e ed . T h e r e's a p u b a n d a c a f e . T h er e's a l s o a p o s t o f f i c e an d a cash p oint. There isn't a c in e m a n e a r m y h o u s e b u t t h e r e ' s a b i g o n e in t h e c i t y c e n t r e . s o i t i s n ' t f a r . T h er e a r e alw a y s lo t s o f c a r s p a r k e d in o u r s t r e e t . I t ' s a
->v ij
W h e ndo w euse therefe / thereare / It is / they areP (pa ge B€>)
Complete these sentences. 1 ___________ lots of families with young children in our street.
2 ___________ all very friendly. 3 ___________ a supermarket. 4 ___________ a big shop with everything I need. Look at the pictures and answer the B t f i questions using there are. Are there any shops in picture 1?
Are there any shops in picture 2?
8
U n i t Si t h e r e i s / t h e r e a r e / i t i s / t h e y a r e
b i g p r o b l e m ."
Circle the correct option. Thereby are a sandwich in the fridge.
a There is / are a car outside.
b There is /are three eggs in the fridge. c There is / are some / any new students in our class.
d There isn’t /a re n’t a phone in my flat. e There isn’t / aren ’t some / any shops near here.
f There’s / There are some / any people in the office. g Are /Is there som e/an y good films on at the cinema?
Look at the picture and make sentences with there is / there are.
There. V a te.le.vi£io»\ in the corner. a ____________________________________ on the wall.
b _______________________________________ on the television. c ________________________________________ under the chair.
d ___________________________________________ on the table. e __________________________________________ under the table.
f __________________________________________ on the floor. g _____________________________________________ under the television.
U n itr S i the re/ s / the reare / /tr / s / the yare
Match the sentences. a There’s a TV in my bedroom.
1 It’s about fifteen minutes’ walk from here.
b There’s a bus stop at the end of this road. \
2 He’s my brother.
c There are some people outside. d There are some keys on the floor.
3 They are very good at English.
\
4 It’s a little shop. It sells cigarettes.
\
e There are only four women in my class.
\
5 It’s not far.
f There’s a post office in the town centre.
6 It’s old and the picture isn’t very good.
g There’s a boy in the photo.
7 I think they are police officers.
h There’s a newsagent’s on the corner.
8 They’re mine.
Work with a classmate. Talk about the place where you live: the town, the street, and the house, flat or room. For example:
A: There’s a supermarket in my town. There isn’t a cinema. B: Are there lots of young people in your street?
Think of your bedroom. Quickly draw the room and the things in it. Show your partner your drawing and ask and answer questions. For example:
A: Where is the desk? B: It’s under the window, next to the bed.
U n f t 2: t h e r e f s / t h e r e a r e / f t f s / t h e y a r e
T hepresent continuous
G 7Database I It’s Tuesday morning. What are they doing? Cheng is talking. Look at the green words. T o d a y I' m l e a r n i n g E n g li s h . R a f ic i is w o r k i n g . A m i r i s n ' t w o r k i n g . H e ' s lo o k i n g f o r a J ob . J e y a a n d D ev a a r e r f t wo rking. They're shopping. M a g d a i s n ' t t ea c h in g . She's m oving house. It's s u n n y t o d a y . I t i s n ' t r ai n in g .
S he's m oving hou se
H o wd ow eu s e m thepre se nt o o n tin u o u e P (p a g eB B )
Complete the words in this table. 1am (I’m)
I’m not
learning English.
You are (You’re)
You aren’t
work
He
He
look
foraiob.
She
mov
house.
It
rain
We are (We’re)
We aren’t
shop
They ___ _ (They )
They
studv
(He’s)
She
)
.... (It )
It
I j
(She
How do we write the ~ing form of these verbs? 1 shop = shopp _______ 2 move = mov 3 study = study _______
Complete these questions. 1 What _______ you do _____ ?
4 _______ she mov ___ __ house?
____ you study ____ ?
5 When _______ we eat _____ ?
2
3 ______ he look ___ __ for a job?
6 Where _____ they shop _____ ?
Unit 3 : Thepresent continuous
11
P ra c tic e Write the ~ing forms of these verbs. speak
a talk
b live
c work
d get
e take
f walk
g move
h drive
k study
I shop
i
come
j use
m speak
n have
o do
p phone
q go
r listen
s eat
t stay _
Complete these questions and sentences. What (kre. you d o i ^ ? (do)
a She ______________ television, (watch) b Where _______ he ________ ? (go)
e Amir is in bed. He _____________ . (work) f
____ you __________ the computer? (use)
c I ________________ my mother, (phone) g They ________________ house this week, (move)
d It _________________ to rain, (start)
3
12
h We ________________ a party, (have)
Look at picture A. What are the people doing?
U nit; 3: T heprese nt? continuous
Winston iz d r i r O d r ^
4
a.
c ia ^
o-f w
a Naomi __ ____ __________ ____ _______.
d Dee.
b Jamie ______ ________ _____________.
e Jan _
c Ali and Malik __ __________ ____ ____ ____ .
f Beatriz _
Look at picture B. What are the people doing now?
Winston i
v_h drirvAcirva, he.V
or^ -the. ^liDi\e..
a Naomi _______________________________ e Dee ____________________________
b Jamie ______ ________ ______________ ____ f Jan ____________________________ c A li __________________________________ g Beatriz __________________________
d Malik _______________________________
Q
Work with a classmate. Talk about what you are doing at the moment, today, this week. For example: A: I’m learning English at the moment. B: So am I. What are you doing this evening?
U nit 3 The p
nt? conti
13
e/ the y / / you/ w p res e n t eim pie I
Hamid: C h en g :
Do you works* N o . 1 d o n ' t. W h a t d o y o u d o r*
Hamid: Cheng:
I s t u d y E n g li s h .
H a m id :
Do yo u kn ow RomanP
Cheng:
Ye s. 1 d o . IVe g o t o t h e s am e c o l le g e . D o y o u know Jeya and
H am i d :
DevaP Y es , 1 d o . A r e t h e y h e re to d a y P
C h en g :
No . t h e y g o t o w o r k o n M o n d a ys a n d W e d n e s d ay s . T h ey w o r k p a r t time.
N o w
d o
w e
u s e
C he
p r e s e n t s im p le r *
(p a g e 9 6 )
Complete the words in this table. 1study
1do not (don’t) study
English.
You work
You (don’t) work
part-time.
We go
We
to the same college.
(
... )g o to work.
They (
They
)go
Complete these questions and answers. bo you go to college?
a Yes, I ______ .
e No, I ______ . I ______ on Mondays and Wednesdays.
b What ______ you do?
f Whatdo _____________ ? They work at the supermarket.
c I _____ to work. d ______ you work full-time?
Unit
/ / you / w e / they
Circle the correct option. What(^oyou do) ' you do?
a What/ Where do you work? b I don’t drive / drive not in England. c Do you take / Take you sugar in coffee? d We living / live in Birmingham. e What language you speak / do you speak? f Where they usually go / do they usually go shopping? g They doesn’t / don’t eat meat. h A: Do you studying / study English? B: Yes, I study/do.
i We don’t / doesn’t drinks / drink alcohol.
Put one of these words in each space. jm iC speak
do No don’t
do look drive don’t
Do go
j mo t K
like
They
A: Where do you work? B: / work in a hotel.
a We ________ watch television very much. b A: What do you ________ ? B: I _________ to university. c A: Do you ________ apples? B: Yes, I ________ .
d I __________ a taxi. e Rafiq and Deva ___ go to college. ______________ work and
after their children.
f A: _______________ you _ many languages? B: ________ , I don’t.
Unit m/ / you / w e / they
Write answers to these questions. I cowe. froM TtaiU >\d.
Where do you come from?
a Do you like the weather here?
____________________
b How many languages do you speak?
____________________
c Do you like English f
o
o
d
?
____________________
d Where do you work?
____________________
e Do you live in a flat or a house?
____________________
f Do you drive a car in England?
____________________
Complete the questions to match the answers. What kind of food do y o u I ilce. ?
a Where _________________ shopping?
I like Chinese food.
I go shopping in the city centre.
b What _________________ at the weekend?
I go out with my friends at the weekend.
c _________________ any sports?
No, I don’t.
d Who _________________ with? e What time _________________ ? f _______ _ ________ the cooking at home?
g What _________________ for lunch?
I live with my family. I get up at 7.30. Yes, I usually do the cooking at home. I usually have a sandwich.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about the things they usually do. For example: A: What do you do at the weekend? B: I usually go shopping and meet my friends.
U nft
/ / you / w e / they
15 1
he/ she/ It pre se nt sim ple 2 Database 14 D o e s R a f i c i w o r k ? Y es . h e d o e s . Me d r i v e s a t a x i . W h a t d o e s A m ir d o r * A m ir d o e s n 't g o t o w o r k . H e d o e s n 't h a v e a Jo b. M o s t d a y s , h e g o e s in t o t o w n . W h a t d o e s M a g d a d o r 9 S he t e ac h e s a t t h e u n i v e rs ity . D o e s i t r a i n a l o t in EnglandP Yes, it do es.
H o wdo w euse thepresent sim p lew ithh e/ ■ She / / 6 ? (p a g e 9 6 )
□
Complete the words in this table. He drives He has
a taxi, a job.
He does not (doesn’t) drive He (doesn’t)
-----------She.
She
It
It
(doesn’t) teach (
) rain
at university. a lot in England.
uJ Complete these questions and answers. 1 _____ Rafiq work? 2 Does Amir _____ a job? 3 Where _____ Magda teach? 4 _____ it rain a lot in England?
Yes, he __
. He drives a taxi.
No, he doesn’t. She ___ ___ at the university. Yes, it _____ .
Unit 5 : he/ she/ it
17
Write the he, she and it forms of these verbs by adding ~s or ~es. work w o rk *
a like
b teach
c study
d rain
e drive
f QO
g fly
h learn
i
1 do
k carry
1 read
m live
n finish
o cry
p listen
q come
r wash
s buy
t take
move
How do we say the verbs ending in ~s or ~es? Complete the verbs from Practice 1 in the correct category. one sound
___ ___ __ , _____ ___ , m ________ , d ___ ___ __ , I ike.*, r < K d ________, g ________ , f I
________, _______ _, c ________ , c ________ , b ________ , t___ ___ __ r I two sounds
feAche.£, st ___ _____ , c ________ , I___ _____ , w ___ ___ __ three sounds
_____ _ f
Circle the correct option. She teach /({eache^at the university.
a He always come / comes late. b Does/Do Hamid like tea? c Jeya don’t/doesn’t like her job.
d Does she has/have breakfast every day? e What time does he usually gets / get up? f Amir doesn ’t play / plays football. g When do / does the film start / starts? h Takes he/Does he take sugar in his tea? i My son listens not / doesn’t listen to me.
Unit ?S: he / s h e / ft:
Rafiq is a taxi driver. Read about his typical day. “When I take people to the airport I get up at 5 o ’clock, but I usually get up at 7 o ’clock. I usually work in the city centre. I have a quick breakfast, drive into the city centre and start work at about 8 o’clock. I usually have a coffee break at about 10.30 and I go to a cafe for lunch at 1.00.1take about 45 minutes for lunch. I finish work at about 6.00, but when it is busy I work late and I get up later the next day. Sometimes I don’t get home until 10.00 and I don’t have dinner. I like my work. It ’s very interesting. ”
Now complete the text about Rafiq’s typical day using he... When he. taX e £ people to the airport (a)_____________ at 5 o’clock but b ___________________ at 7 o’clock. ■ c ) __________________ in the city centre, (d ) _______________ a quick breakfast,
(e ) _____ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ into the city centre and (? ) _______________ work at about 8 o’clock. (g ) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ a coffee break at about 10.30 and (h ) _____ ___ ___ ___ _ to a cafe for lunch at 1.00. (T ) ______________ about 45 minutes for lunch. 0 ___________________ work at about 6.00 but when it is busy (k) ______________ late and
(T) ___ _____ ___ ___ _ later the next day.
Sometimes m ______________________ home until 10.00 and ( n ) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ dinner.
(o ) ______________ his work. It’s very interesting. Now write a short paragraph about a friend or family member using the third person. Use the paragraph about Rafiq as a guide. For example: ^h e w^iArtJIy ^e.t£ wp how^e.
7 .3 0 , *he.
\\
b r e ^ k - f^ t
& o'clock:
3.l£.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about a friend or someone in your family. For example: A: Where does your brother live? A: What time does he get up?
B: He lives at home with my parents. B: He usually gets up at 8 o’clock.
U nit 5: he/ she/ IV
a
Im pe ra tive s
& Database 10,13 Hamid wants to find a post office. He asks someone in the street. Read the conversation and look at the green words. Hamid: Excuse me. Where's the post office, please? Man:
Go straig ht down this road. Turn left at the end and walk to the t r a ff ic lights. Cross over and take t he second road on the right. Don't take the fi rs t road. The po st o ffi ce is on the left.
Hamid:
1see. Thanks a lot.
s\ I /y w
N owdo w eusefm pe rsitfve e P(pa ge
97)
Look at the map. Where is the post office?
71
Complete these sentences with the verbs the man uses in the conversation. Cjo straight down this road. _______ left at the end and ____ ____ to the traffic lights. _______ over and ________ the second road on the right.
__________________ the first road. The post office is on the left.
20
Unit € r. Im peratives
Circle the correct verb form. (Goy You going up this street.
c Please to answer / answer these questions.
g Please you fill / fill in your personal details.
d Don’t take / You not take more than four tablets in 24 hours.
What are these people saying? Match the pictures with the sentences. 1 Tick the relevant boxes.
2 Don’t go near the dog.
3 Put the mixture in a bowl.
4 Drive carefully.
5 Put on your coat.
6 Work in pairs.
7 Do not exceed the stated dose.
8 Get me some eggs, please.
9 Turn off your mobile phones.
U nit: & i Imperatives
Put the correct verbs in the doctor’s instructions. Don’t go
Drink
Take
go
Don’t get up
Stay
Call
don’t eat J k f
“Qo home and a ) _____ straight to bed. (b . _____ _ in bed for the next 24 hours, ( c ) ___ ___ ___ ___
_ lots of
if you still have a headache, (d) ______________________ one of these tablets every three hours, ( e ) _ water but (? ) _____________ anything solid for 24 hours, (g ) _____________ to work for a week.
(h ) _____ me if you don’t feel better. ” Work with a classmate. Ask for and give directions to places on the map. Ask about the post office, supermarket, car park, cinema, cash point, newsagent’s, chemist’s and railway station. For example: A: Excuse me, where’s the post office, please? B: Go straight down this road. Turn left at the end and walk to the traffic lights. Cross over and take the second road on the right. Don’t take the first road. The post office is on the left.
A: I see. Thanks a lot.
f t
U niv 6t Imperatives
7
Q ue stion w ords
Hamid is in the college library. The librarian is asking him some questions. Look at the green words. Libr arian: What's you r name? Hamid:
Hamid Patel.
Libr arian: Where do you live?
What kind of music: do you / / TceP
Hamid:
23 Chapel Road.
Librarian:
How old are you?
Hamid:
I'm 26.
Librarian:
Which class are you in ?
Hamid:
Class 306.
Librarian:
How o ft en do you come to college?
Hamid:
Twice a week.
Libr arian:
Which evenings do you come?
o wdo w eu se -V*- N y u e s & o nw o rd s "? ^ c (p a g e 9 7 )
Hamid:
Tuesdays and Thursdays.
Libr arian:
When do es yo ur c l as s s t a r t ?
Hamid:
A t 6.30.
Write the question words. To ask about things generally: What?
1 To ask about place s: ________ ?
2 To ask about age, numbers or ‘in what way’: _______ ? 3 To ask about people or things if there is a sm all choice: _ ______ ? 4 To ask about times: _______ ? (or What time?)
J an and Magda are talking. Look at the words in green. Jan:
What kind o f music do you like?
Magda:
I like most kinds.
Jan:
Who's yo ur favourite singer?
Magda:
Enrique Iglesias.
Jan:
Whose iPod is t h at ?
Magda:
It's my boy friend's . VJhy do you ask?
Jan:
No sp ecial reaso n.
5 To ask about people: ________ ? 6 To ask about who things belong to: _ 7 To ask about reasons: _______ ?
Unit 71 Q uestion w ords
Circle the correct option. What/ ($/her$ do you live?
a How old are / have you?
e Which time / When does your class start?
b Which / What time is it?
f Who’s / Whose mobile phone is that?
c How/ Who much does it cost?
g How often / What times do you go to the cinema?
d Why / Which reason are you learning English?
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. a What’s your favourite sport? --------
1 My teacher is very good.
b Which is your favourite day of the week? \
2 He’s called Peter.
c How do you get to work?
3 One metre, 62 centimetres.
\
d When do you start work?
I
4 Saturday.
e Where’s the nearest supermarket?
I
5 1usually take the bus.
f Who’s your best friend?
I
6 At 8.30.
g How tall are you?
\ 7 It’s at the end of this road.
h Why do you like your class?
\ 8 It belongs to Rafael.
i Whose car is that?
' 9 Football.
Complete these questions with the correct question word. Where. V the nearest post office?
In the High Street.
a __ ’s your favourite kind of food?
Chinese food.
b _________ big is your house?
It’s small, only two bedrooms.
c _________ mobile phone is this?
It’s mine.
d _________ do you want this job?
Because it ’s very interesting.
e __________ do you usually go to bed?
At about 11.00.
f _________ do you prefer, tea or coffee?
Tea, please,
g __________ do you do your shopping?
In the town centre.
h ________ often do you play football?
Every Saturday.
i ________ is your next of kin?
My mother
Unit 7 :Q uestion words
Write the questions. Wtare. do you live.?
I live at 32 Goodman Street.
a __________________________________ ? I’m 27 years old. b __________________________________ ? I’m a receptionist in a hotel. c __________________________________ ? I get up at 7.00. d __________________________________ ? I usually have coffee and toast for breakfast. e __________________________________ ? I live with my family. f __________________________________ ? I want to learn English to get a good job. g __________________________________ ? I prefer the colour blue. h ___ _____ _____ _____ _______ _____ ___ ?
I spell my name H-A-M-l-D, Hamid.
i __________________________________ ? Three days a week, Mondays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. j __________________________________ ? That’s my brother’s car.
Some of these questions are right and some are wrong. Tick ( /) questions that are right. Correct any mistakes. J/jlherfbig is your garden? How bi^
a Why do you like tennis? ______________________________________________________ b How’s car is that? _____ _____ _____ _____ _______ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ c Where does the class start? ___________________________________________________ d What’s your favourite sport? _______ _____ _____ _____ _____ _______ _____ _____ _____ _ e Who is the nearest chemist? ___ __________ ___ ___ __________ ___ ___ __________ ___ __ Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about your life. For example: A: Where do you live? B: I live in Gossops Green, about 15 minutes from the town centre.
Unit 7 : Question words
25
ca n / carft (cannot) / could/ C O U ld r ft modal verbs
A m ir
Amir is having an interview for a job. Look atthe green words. Interviewer.
Can you speak English?
Amin
Yes, I can speak it quite well.
Interv iewer : And can you wri te in English? Amir.
A bit. but I can't wr it e ver y well.
J eya is phoning the doctor’s surgery. Look at the green words.
a s ,
Jeya:
This is Jeya Perera. Could I make an appointment to see the doc tor this afternoon,
m
please?
W h e ndo w eu se ca n / carft / co u ld P
Receptionist : Just a moment. Now about 3.30?
(pa ge 97)
Jeya:
Sorry. I car ft make that . Is there a later time?
Complete the examples in these sentences.
Receptionist:
Mm. The doctor could see you a t 4M5. or 5.20?
1 We use can to talk about present ability - 1 c*a speak.
Jeya:
The negative is can’t - _________ write. To ask a question we use can you - _________
I can't make 4M5 but I could come a t 5.20.
Receptionist:
OK, Mrs. Perera, we'll see you then.
speak English?
2 We use ______ or could to say something is possible or OK: _________ make an appointment? _________________ 4.45 but _______ ___
at 5.20.
The form o f can / can’t (cannot) / could / couldn’t does not change. I /You /We /The y He / She / It
ca n/ ca n’t (cannot)/ could / couldn’t
Can/ Can’t / Could / Couldn’t
I/y o u /h e /s h e / it / we / they
speak English. write very well. make an appointment? come at 5.20?
U nit 3t can / carft (cannot) / could / couldn't
Circle the correct option. I do can {fe ar} ) swim very well.
a I don’t think she can understand/ understands English.
b I’m can / / can meet you at 6.00 tomorrow. c Do you can / Can you listen to me, please? d He can to see/see you now. e They can’t / don’t can come to the party. f
Am I could / Could I borrow your pen?
g I’m sorry that the dentist doesn’t could / couldn’t see you yesterday afternoon. h I can / I could use a computer very well now. i Could I ask / to ask you a question ?
Complete these sentences with can or can’t. G*a we meet tomorrow? a _______ you phone me later tonight?
b There’s no more work so you _______ leave early tonight. c I’m sorry but I ______ help you.
d You _______ borrow my car if you are careful. e I’m busy right now - 1 _______ talk to you. f _______ you speak up, please? I _______ hear you.
g I _______ get a bus to work but I ________ get a train.
Complete these sentences with could or couldn’t. C o u l d I borrow your car?
a It was a shame he _______ come to the party.
b I _____________ do it now, if you like. c I hear what they were saying, it was so noisy. d A: She _______ be late on Monday. B: _____ ___ she leave work earlier? e He _______ have let me know he was running late! f
I’m so tired, I feel like I _______ sleep for days.
U nit 3: can / carft (cannot) / could / couldn't
What are these people saying? Use Could you...? or Could I...?
a post /let ter
open /wind ow Co u l d
2Z
yo u o^ e.^ t h e, w in d o w , p
i
__
__________
b use /phone
c repeat / address
d turn down / television
e borrow / dictionary
U n i t Qi c a n / c ar f t~ ( c a n n o t ) / c o u l d / c o u l d r f t
Write questions and answers about these abilities.
Ov A
yo u
-te.i \i\i£ ?
No,
I CArv ~t.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with can and could. For example: A: Can you play the piano? B: No, I can’t. A: Could we meet for a coffee at the weekend? B: Yes, we could.
Unit 3 s can / can't: (cannot) / could / couldn't
ha vegot
Read about some people. Look at the green words. Ismail:
1can't- go to work tod ay. I've go t a bad headache.
Magda\ Nave you got any children? J ey a:
Yes, 1 hav e. I' ve g o t a son and a daughter.
Cheng:
We haven't got any milk, coffee or eggs.
Rafiq:
We've got a new house. It's go t t hr ee bedrooms and a garden.
~ W ~W h e ndo w eu seha veg o t^ F > ( p a g e97) Complete these examples. We often use have got to talk about: • • • •
illness- I've. ^o± a bad headache. family - __ ___________ a son and a daughter. shopping - ____________ any milk, coffee or eggs? things we have - ____________ a new house. _____________ three bedrooms and a garden.
I/You/We/They
have/’ve have not/haven’t
He/She/It
h a s/’s has not / hasn’t
a headache. a daughter. a house. a garden.
got
Complete these questions and answers using have got. 1 ____ you __ _____ any children? 2
30
____ she _______ any children?
Unit 9: ha ve gov
Yes, I __ No, she _
Practice Circle the correct form. (FvTgop/1 do have two brothers.
a They don’t have got / haven’t got many friends. b He has got /have got a new car. c Do you got/Have you got backache? d Have you got the time, please? Yes, I have got /have, e The house doesn’t got / hasn’t got a garage.
f Has she got a mobile phone? No, she hasn’t / hasn’t got. g Do you know if they’s g ot/ th ey’ve got any children? h Has he got /Have he got a cold? i I think he is / has got a dog.
2
Look at these pictures. What’s the matter with these people? (See Database 13, pages 116-117.),
Hc.V ^ot b^ck^che..
a
Unit 9: ha
ot
31
f
3
Complete these questions and answers. A: Have. y o u q o t any sisters? B: Yes, I tave.. I've, ^ot one.
a A : _______________ any brothers? B: Yes, I _ _________ . __________ three.
32
Unit 9t ha vegot
b A: ________________ any eggs? B: Yes, we ___ _______ . c A: _______________ a house? B: Yes, she _________ . ___ ________ a nice house. d A: _______________ a garden? B: No, it ___ ___ ____ a garden.
e A :_______________ a girlfriend? B: No, I ___ ___ ____ . f A :_______________ an iPod? B: No, he _________ . g A : _______________ flu? B: No, they ________ __ .
Complete these sentences with the correct form of have ( ’ve) / haven’t / has (’s) / hasn’t got She's
a They _____________ a house with four bedrooms. b I can’t work at home because I ________________ a computer. c He gets the bus because he ________________ a car.
d He’s not very well. He _______ a bad cold but I don’t think he _______ flu. e We ___ ___ ___ _ some milk but we __________ any bread. f You ________ two phone messages but you __________ any e-mails. g We _________ a new TV but i t _____________ a very good picture.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions. Ask about family, things you have, shopping you need or illnesses you have. For example: A: Have you got a big family? B: Yes, I have. I ’ve got three brothers and four sisters. B: Have you got a cold? A: No, I haven’t.
Unit 9: ha vegot
70
s o m e/ a ny qu an tity 1 ^ D a t a b a s e 11
LingandChengaregoingshopping. Look atthegreenwords. Cheng: We've got: some br ead, some bu tt er and some tom atoes. We haven't
Ling:
go t any milk, co ffee or eggs. Do we need any
cornflakes? Cheng: No, it 's OK. we'v e g o t some. Ling: Nave we g o t any meat? Cheng: No. we hav en' t g o t any. Ling: Do we need t o get some cash? Cheng: Yes. we do.
W h e ndo w eu seso m ea nda nyP Complete these sentences. 1 In positive sentences, we usually use £om£. We’ve got _____ bread, ______ butter and ______ tomatoes.
2 In negative sentences, we usually use _____ . We haven’t got _____ milk, coffee or eggs.
3 In questions, we often use _____ . Do we need ____ __ _ cornflakes? 4 We can also use _____ if we expect a Yes answer. Ling: Do we need to get _____ cash? Cheng: _____ , we do.
34
U nit 1 0 t s o m e / any
(pa ge 97)
Circle the correct option: some or any. We’ve got(somey any eggs.
a There are some / any people in the restaurant. b I haven’t got some / any money. c There isn’t some/any petrol in the car. d A: Have you got some/any change you can give me? B: No, I haven’t.
e I’ve got some / any work I must do. f A: Can I have some / any more potatoes? B: Yes, of course.
g Don’t get some / any more apples. We don’t need some / any. h There isn’t something / anything on the television tonight. i A: Is there some / any post? B: No, there isn’t so me/ an y today.
2
This is Amir’s fridge. Write some or any. (See Database 11, pages 110-112.) There is ^om£ butter.
a There are _______ eggs. b He hasn’t got _______ vegetables. c There aren’t . d He’s got __ e There isn’t f He hasn’t got _
g There’s ____ h He’s got ___ i He hasn’t got_
tomatoes. milk. _ chicken, beef. orange juice. _apples, salad.
Un it 10x so m e / a n y
Here is Amir’s street. Write sentences using some or any and the words given.
shops
children playing
There are ^owe. c
a There are b There are c There are d There aren’t e There aren’t f There aren’t q There aren’t
U n it lO ss o m e/ a n y
trees
houses
gardens
cats
people talking
4
Complete the sentences using some or any. I’d like
fresh flowers, please.
a I need to get __ b They haven’t got c There isn’t ____
new jeans. _ children. hot water so you can’t have a bath.
d You must put ______ _ new batteries in the radio. e I don’t think we’ve got 1 A: Are there _______ B: No, there aren’t
g A: Can you pu t __
bread. e-mails for me?
more milk in my coffee, please?
B: Sure, here you are.
h That boy is getting fat because he never takes
exercise.
cash back? A: Do you want B: No, thanks. I don’t need _________ .
5
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with some or any. Talk about things like shopping, where you live, and your family. For example: A: Do you need to get any shopping? B: Yes, I need to get some fruit. A: Are there any shops in your street? B: No, there aren’t any.
Unit lO i
/
11
h o wm u c h/ ho w m a n y/ a lot / a few/ a Iftz fc lequantity z // Database 11 Ling and Cheng are atthe supermarket. Look atthe greenwords. Cheng: blow many eggs shall we Ling:
get? A l ot . 1 w an t t o make a lo t o f
cakes. Cheng: And tom at oes , how many Ling:
do we need? Only a few. We don't need many.
Cheng: Now much milk shall we Ling:
get? We need a lot. so get a
couple o f big bottles. Cheng: Now much butter do we need? Ling:
J us t a l it tl e. We do n 't use much.
Complete these sentences. Use examples from Ling and Cheng’s conversation. 1 With nouns we can coun t we use taw M^Ay? ________________ eggs shall we get? We use ________ for a large quantity. I want to make _________ of cakes. We use ________ or not _________ for a small quantity. Only _________. We don’t need ________ . 2 With nouns we can’t count, we use how ________ ? ________________ milk shall we get? We use __ for a large quantity. We need _______________ , so get a couple of big bottles. We use ________ or not _________ for a small quantity. Just _________ . We don’t use ________ .
Unit 1 1 : howm uch / howm any / a lot / a few/ a little
1
Write these words in the correct column of the table. coffee students children jp o m f lessons times time oranges orange juice cash pounds sugar information sport cola meat exercise onions salad flowers
petrol English
tables sports
Complete the questions using the words from Exercise 1. In some cases, more than one word is possible. How much co-P-Tee do you drink?
a How many ________ are in your class? b How much ________ do you spend a week? c How many ________ are there in this room? d How much _________ do you know? e How much _________ do you eat? f How many ________ do you eat? g How much _________ do you do every week? h How many _________ a week do you go to college? i How much _________ do you spend watching television?
Unit 1 1 : howm uch / howm any / a lot? / a few/ a little
Look at J eya’s fridge. What has she got?
She’s got a lot of po±
a She’s got a few _______
e There is a lot of _
b There’s a little ________
f She’s got a little
c She hasn’t got much ____
g There are a few .
d There aren’t many _____
Unit 77: howm uch / howm any / a lot / a few / a little
Write one word in each space - much, many, lot, few or little. 1 A: How Much milk do you take in your tea? B: Just a ______ , half a spoonful. 2 A: How _____________ people do you know in England? B: I know a _______ of people; from my work, my college, my neighbours, and my children’s friends.
3 A: How ______ petrol does your car use? B: It uses a ___ ___ __ . It’s very expensive to run. 4 A: How _______ e-mails do you send every day? B: I only send a ______ , no t ______ ; maybe two or three.
5 A: How ______ fruit do you eat every day? B: Just a ______ , no t ______ . I know I should eat more. 6 A: How ______ times a week do you go shopping? B: Not _____ ; maybe once or twice.
Circle the correct option. (JjmTmucJ)/How many sugar should I use?
a There is a litt le /a few coffee left in the jar. b How many/How much information do you need? c There is a lo t/a little of sugar in cola. d Jeya has a fe w /a little tomatoes in her fridge. e How much /How many lessons do you have on Monday?
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions with How much and How many. Look at Exercise 2 and Exercise 4 in this unit. For example: A: How much coffee do you drink? B: I drink a lot - four or five cups a day.
Unit 1 1 : howm uch / howm any / a lot / a few / a little
M a kingplura ls nouna & Database S, II
Readaboutthetowncentre. Lookatthe green words. There are some shops in the town centre. There is a lot of traffic We can see some cars and two buses. There are a l o t o f people on the streets. We can see two men with th eir wives and child ren There is a woman wearing jeans and sunglasses.
l -l o w
d o
w e m a k e p lu r a ls P
(pa ge 97)
w
Complete these examples. Some of the answers can be found in the yellow box. 1 Most nouns +
shop -
»
car -» ____ , street - > ________ .
2 Nouns ending ~s / ~sh / ~ch / ~x + -es: bus -» _____ . 3 Nouns ending ~y change to ~ies: baby -> _____ . But for ~ay / ~ey / ~oy + ~s: boy _____ . 4 Nouns ending ~fe change to -ves: wife -» _______ . 5 Some nouns have special plurals: man -> ___ , person -> __ __ ____ , child -> ___ 6 Some nouns are always plural: jeans, s ____________ . 7 Uncountable nouns are always singular: t____ __ ____ __ _.
42
Unit 1 2 iM aking plurals
Write the plurals of these nouns. If there is no plural, leave a space.
umm a b c d e f
g h i j
singular
plural k I m n o
pen watch lady day knife tooth trousers weather bag bank box
P
q r s t u
plural
city mouse sandwich egg church week milk shorts camera family gentleman
Write the singular of these nouns.
■ B B ^-twde.iv.'t a b c d e
singular
plural students women houses dishes fish classes
f 9 h i j k
plural
I
people loaves parties feet sheep children
Some of these sentences are right and some are wrong. Tick ( /) sentences that are right. Correct any mistakes. She’s got threejMcfs. children
a The men are asking him questions. _____ ______ ______ __________ _______ b I can’t find the keis to my house. _____ ________ ______ __________ _______ c I don’t like English foods. _____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ______ ____
d Please put some knives and forks on the table. e Please can you give me some informations? __ f My wife gave me a new pyjama for Christmas. g I love to eat all kinds of fish. ____________
h There is a lot of sheep in the English countryside. i
There are twelve persons in my class. _______
U nit 1 2 '. M aking plurals
Look at the pictures and circle the correct plural form to complete the phrases.
a Some milk / milks. Two bottle / bottles of milk / milks.
b Some eggs/egges. A dozen/A dozen of eggs/egges.
c A pyjama /Some pyjamas. Two /A pair of pyjama / pyjamas.
Unit 1 2 : Making plurals
d Some sugar / sugars. Two spoonsful / spoonfuls of sugar / sugars.
e Some feet/feets. Two/ Two pairs of feet /feets.
f Some persons / people. A group o f / Groups of people / peoples.
Work with a classmate. Think of ten nouns and then ask your partner to write the plurals.
Unit 1 2 : M aking plurals
a/ a n / the articles 12/Database 4,14
Readabout where these people live and work. Lookatthegreenwords. Cheng is a student at City College. Me lives in a flat. The flat is near the college. Jasmeena is a univ ersity teacher. She works a t Sussex University. The university is in the countryside. Ismail is an engineer. He works in an office. The office is in the city centre. It takes an hour and ten minutes to get to work.
W h e ndo w eu sea / a n / Che?
(p a g e 9 3 )
m
Complete the examples. 1 We use a before a noun. The noun is not special:
2 We use an before a. e. i. o. u: ____ engineer, ______ office. 3 We use an before a silent h :_______________ and ten minutes. 4 We use a before u pronounced fy x\/: _______________ teacher. 5 We use the when the noun is special or we know the person, place or thing: ________ college. _______________ ____________ is in _________ flat is near _______________________ . ____________________ is in _________ _________ centre.
46
Unit 1 3 : a / an / the
P ra c tic e Write a or an. a bus a e
2
lesson
__ _ apple
b
egg
c
university
d
son
f
bottle
q
umbrella
h
computer
I
woman
P
new book
_ _ insect
j __ _ hospital
k
i
hour
m
European city
n
old car
o
orange room
q
question
r
house
s
actor
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. A dog is a animal, a* aiumaI
a Pawel works as a electrician. __ ________________________ _ b A food at Mario’s restaurant is very good. _______________________ c The train is a hour late. __ ____ ____ __________ ____ __ d Excuse me, can you tell me a time? ______________________ e Aisha works at an University Hospital. She is the nurse. ______________ f Hamid lives in an nice house. An house has three bedrooms and the garden. g I want to see a new film at a cinema. __________________________
3
Match the two parts of each sentence. Write a, an or the in each space. animal.
___ sea. ____ hospital. ____ restaurant. ____ airport.
____ bird. doctor
8 works in
studio.
U nit 1 3
/
/ th
47
4
J eya and Deva are in a snack bar. Complete the conversation with a, an or the.
Assistant: What are you going to have? Jeya: I’ll have _____ sandwich, please.egg sandwich. Deva: And I’ll have ____ piece of cake and ___ ___ apple. Assistant: Which cake would you like? Deva: _____ chocolate cake, I think. Assistant: And would you like ____ drink? Jeya: ____ cup of black coffee for me. Deva: And ju st ____ orange juice for me, please. Assistant: Where are you sitting? Jeya: A t ____ table in _____ window, by _____ door. Assistant: OK, I’ll bring ___ _______ sandwich over to you when it’s ready.
3
Work with a classmate. Write down ten nouns. Ask your partner to tell you if we use a, an or the.
48
Unit r13: a / a n / t h e
the the de finite a rtic le EDPatabaee 3, 6
VI / m
F
W h e nd ow eu sether
H a m i d i s t a lk i n g a b o u t w h e r e h e l i ve s . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s .
(p a ge 9 3 ) \ Put the correct words in the spaces. stations and airports jite e& aft& wzc Js ' schools and colleges countries towns and cities college subjects
We don’t usually use the before:
"/ come from Islamabad in Pakistan but now I live in England. My address is 35 Hurst Road. Crawley, not fa r from Gatwick Airport. I stu dy English a t Central Sussex College. I like living in the United Kingdom.*
s t r e e t * ^rvd ro^d^: 35 Hurst Road
____________________ ; Islamabad, Crawley ____________________ ; Pakistan, England
N o w re a d w h a t H a m i d s a y s a b o u t f o o d . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s .
____________________ ; Gatwick Airport ____________________ ; Central Sussex College ____________________ ; English There are a few exceptions to these rules (see page 98): for example, the United Kingdom.
"/ don't eat meat. I like fish and I have a lot o f f ru it and vegetables. I don't think the fo od in England is very good. The children here eat a l o t o f s a lt , f a t a n d s u g a r"
Complete the examples. 1 We don’t usually use the when we talk about things or people generally: me(k±, f ___ t, v _________ , s ______ , f _____ _ , s ______ . 2 We use the when we talk about specific things or people: -the. -Tood in England, here.
U nit
the
Write the if necessary.
_____ North Street
The. United Kingdom
a
Birminaham
f
River Nile
k
European Union
b
mathematics
g
Paris
1
Heathrow Airport
c
Victoria Station
h
Buckingham Road
m
United Arab Emirates
d
United States
i
n
London City University
e
India
Asia business studies
j
Write these sentences in the correct order. sun / The / shining/ is Une.
zlni
a The / interesting / talk / was b road / car / the / The / drove / up c flowers / beautiful / The / were
d I / window / by / the / sat e ate / She / cake / the
Write the if necessary. a I love ___ hamburgers.
g ____ photos of your wedding are really good.
b Can you turn off the. television, please?
h My favourite hobby is ____ shopping.
c He doesn’t drink ____ wine.
\ I don’t like _____ sport.
d What do you usually have f or ___ breakfast? e
____ breakfast in our hotel is fantastic.
f I like taking ____ photos.
j ______ weather in Yorkshire is wonderful. k I am studying ______ history. I I’m very interested in __ history of my town.
Write about yourself. I come from (a)_____________ in (b ) _____________ but now I live in (c ) _____________ . My address is (d)_____________ in (e ) ___________ . My nearest station is ® ______________ My nearest airport is (g)____________. I study (h) __________ at (T) ____________ . I work as a
0 __________ in (k ) ___________ . I would like to visit ® _____________ .
Now work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about your answers to Exercise 4. For example: A: What city do you come from? B: I come from Krackow in Poland.
Work with a classmate. You should each choose one general subject from A and talk about it for 30 seconds. Then talk about a special subject from B. A
B
shopping
the weather at the moment
football
the latest news
smoking
the places to go in town
work
the local trains and buses
holidays
the class you are in
15
this / that / the se/ Chose demonstratives & Database \2 J a s m e e n a is s h o w in g L in g s o m e f a m ily p h o t o g r a p h s . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s . Ling:
Who's this?
Jasmeena:
This is my mother and these are my two sisters. And what ab out t h at old photo ov er there?
Jasmeena:
Who's th at? Oh, th os e tw o people are my grandparents, and th at young girl is my mother/
\ i/
h e nd ow eu seth is/ that / the se/ tho se P -Cj5- W m
□
(p a ge 9 3 )
Complete the sentences using this, that, these or those. 1 For things and people near to us, we use for two o r more things o r people.
for one thing or person an d ______
2 For things and people not very near to us, we use _ and _________ for two or more things or people.
52
U n to1 S tthis / that / the se/ tho se
for one thing or person
Circle the correct option. Please give me(thaty those plate.
a Can you move this / these chair for me, please? b Whose are that/those glasses? c Do you like this / these jeans? d What’s the name of this / these vegetable? e This / These is my friend Ibrahim. f A: Hello, who’s that/ those? 3: This / These is Petra here. May I speak to Jan?
1
g I’d like one of that/those cakes, please. h This / These fish isn’t fresh. i I like this / that car over there on the other side of the road. Surinder works with old people in a care home. Write the correct word: this / that / these / those.
a Are ___________ your glasses?
Can you help me with ±W\$ coat?
b Can you get me
stick?
c Would you like some of_
soup?
d Aren’t ___________e You need to take flowers l o
3
v e
f It’s time for you to take
g Can you get me
l y ? ___________ medicine. ___________ p i l l s . ___________ suitcase?
Write the best word - this, that, these or those - in each sentence. I think -fchi* is the best day of my life!
a
Hello, Mikel. ______ ___ __ is Said, my brother.
b
Which picture do you prefer - ________ one here or _________ one there?
c
Do you know ________ new student sitting by the window?
d
I can’t find _____ keys Obi ga ve me.
e A: Thanks for your help. B: _____ ’s OK, no problem. f
________ large screen televisions but I haven’t got enough money. I’d like one of
g
Please fill in form here with your name, address and details.
h ______ pen doesn’t work. Look, there’s no ink in it. i 4
Here you are. Can you post _______ letters for me, please?
Quiz* Work with a partner. Think of ten things (or people!) you have with you, near you and around the room to practise this, that, these and those. Show or point to the things and ask your partner to name them. (Make sure you use this andthese for things that are near to you and your partner!) For example: A: What’s this? B: This is a watch. A: And those are ...? B: Those are tables.
U nit 1 5 sthis / that / these/ those
r
e
P ronouns
i
R a f i q a n d H a m id a r e lo o k in g a t p h o t o g r a p h s o f w h e r e th e y l iv e . R e a d t he c o n v e r s a t io n a n d lo o k a t th e g r e e n w o r d s . !
Rafiq: Have you got a flat? Hamid: Yes, this is my flat. Rafiq:
Is it r ented or is it your
flat? Hamid: It's mine. It belongs to Rafiq:
me. What about you? 1live with my wife. We've got a house. It belongs to us. My w ife likes gardening. Look, th is is her garden.
\i/
®- H owdo w eu s e personal pronoune F “ (p a g e 9 3 ) m
Complete the table with the correct pronouns.
Subject
Object
Possessive
I ’ve got aflat.
It belonas to we.
It’s
’ve got a flat. It belongs to you.
flat. It’s yours. flat. It’s his.
It belongs to him.
It’s
She’s got a garden.
It belongs to her.
It’s
They’ve got a house.
It belongs to them.
It’s
It’s
He’s got a flat.
’ve aot a house. It belonas to
flat.
aarden.
It’s hers.
It’s our house.
It’s ours.
It’s their house.
It s ’
U nit 1 & :Pronouns
55
Write the correct word: i, you, he, she, we or they. Excuse me, can you tell me the time, please?
a Mikel is my husband. _____ is 28 years old. b I love my mother. _____ is my best friend. c I’m sorry but ___ can’t help you. d I live with Saeed. ________ are brothers.
e I like my neighbours. ________ are very friendly.
Write the correct word: me, you, him, her, us or them. This is my car. It belongs to m£.
a My parents are in India. I m iss ________ . b Deva isn’t happy with Rafiq. She’s angry with ________ . c Hello, we need a taxi, please. Can you pick ______ up at 6.30? d Your daughter is crying. You need to talk to _______________.
Write the correct word: my, your, his, her, our or their. I want to call Mr Jackson. Have you got Wi* number?
a Excuse me, can I see _____ passport, please? b She’s happy because she’s meeting ____ friends tonight. c My son is very happy at ____________ school. d The parents pick up ______ children from school every day.
Write the correct word:mine, yours, his, hers, ours or theirs. That car belongs to my brother. I know that it’s W\$.
a This is my sister’s mobile phone. I’m sure it is ___ _____ . b A: Whose is this bag? Is it _______ ? B: No, it isn’i _________ ,
c A: Does that house belong to your family? B: Yes, it s _____ ___ ____ . d I’m giving my address to everyone in the class and they are ail giving me
U nit 1 & .P ronouns \
5
Circle the correct option. She /@ ) car is yellow.
c That’s hers / her jacket and this is my / mine. d Please come and visit we / us in ours / our country. e U s/ Our neighbours are on holiday with them / their children.
0
Work in a group. One student collects two objects from the others in the group. The first student then asks the others questions with pronouns. A: Is this your mobile phone? B: No, it isn’t mine. A: Is it his? B: Yes, it belongs to him.
17
s A cU e cttve
fc 7Database Z
R e a d t h e d e s c r ip t io n o f R o m a n . L o o k a t t h e w o r d s in g re e n . This is Roman. He is tall and good-looking. Roman is wearing a white T-shirt, blue jeans and a pair o f old trainers. He's got a new mobile phone in his hand. Me looks happy. He feels good.
w ' ^ow0 ,0
□
w eue ea cU e c & ve s ’P
Complete the examples using adjectives. 1 We use adjectives in front o f nouns: a white. T-shirt, __________ jeans and a pair of __________ trainers, a ___________ mobile phone. 2 We use adjectives after am, is or are: He is ____ and _________________ , and after look(s). feel(s). sound(s). smell(s) or taste(s): He looks _____ . He feels _____ .
Unfit 17s A c ff ect fv ee
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. aa
an / man / is / He / old He.
old
maa.
a got / shoes / new / some / I’ve b These / eggs / fresh / are c wearing / She /i s/ je an s / blue d youngest / i s / my / This / daughter e There / black / in / are / clouds / sky / the
Write these sentences in the correct order. tal l/is / He He.
-ta.il.
a fine / weather / The / is b feels / cold / room / This c not / am / happy / 1 d She / hungry / feel / doesn’t e job / interesting / sounds / The
These sentences are wrong. Correct the mistakes. He’s wearing a sjjjji-M o^
blue ^hirt
a I give money to people poor. ______ ______ ______ __ b Look at the beautifuls flowers. ___________________ c The student very young looks. ____________________ d Very hungry I am. __________________________ e She isn’t feeling happily today. ___ ______ ______ ____
4
Look at the pictures. Choose words from the box to make sentences. ja r
5
looks
smell tastes sounds feels lovely Jjungrf exciting beautiful sad
terrible
a She i£ hwr^ry.
b It ____________________
c He _________
d They ________________
e Your news ______________
f She _________
Work with a classmate. Choose someone in the class to describe to your partner. Describe them using adjectives. Can your partner say who it is? For example; A: She is tall. She’s got long, brown hair. She’s wearing a red sweater, a white shirt and blue jeans. B: I think it’s Kamila.
60
Unft 1 7 : AcO ec& ves
A dve rbs
C h e n g i s t a l k i n g to h i s te a c h e r . R e a d t h e c o n v e r s a t io n a n d lo o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s . Teacher . How is you r English, Cheng? Cheng:
OK. I thi nk, It' s no t bad. I can understand easily when people speak English clearly. I can't understand well if they sp eak f as t. My big problem is reading and writing. I rea d slowly and I wr it e badly. I'm working hard to g et better.
\\/ m
H o wd o we usea dve rbsP
(p ag e9 3 — 9 9 )
1 We use adverbs after most verbs - understand easily (wdersteftd-easy), speak English clearly (speak^tezr, speak clearly Eng11517). 2 We do not use adverbs after am, is or are (or feel, look, sound, taste, smell) - it’s not bad (its-ftdtwefl).
B Complete the examples. 1 Regular adverbs add ~ly to the adjective: clear - c l e a r l y , slow bad - ___________.
Regular adverbs ending in ~y change ~y to ~ily: easy - ______ 2 Irregular adverbs include: good - _________ , fast - ________ , hard -
U nft1 3 :Adverts
Write the adverbs for these adjectives. clear cleAriy
a slow
b quick
c happv
d careful
e quiet
f anar anarv v
___ ______ ______ ___ g fast ____ __ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ___ _ h bad ______
i good __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ___ _ j hard k heavv
I dangerous
m serious
n safe
o strong
Some of these sentences are correct and some are wrong. Tick (✓) the ones that are right and correct the mistakes. Magda speaks Englishypetf. A /U ^ d *
we.l l.
a Jeya walks quickly. __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ can ’t understand understand.. Pleas Please e speak slow. slo w. __ b I can’t __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ sleep well. we ll. __ c I usually sleep __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ Don’t drive fast in the city centre. cent re. ____ d Don’t __ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ Cheng g works hardly at his hi s English. Engl ish. ____ e Chen __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __
f Petra laughs happy. __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ g Please talk quietly in the library. __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ h Hamid very well plays tennis. __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ i Rafiq drives very carefully. __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __
62
U n it1 3 :A d v e rtp s
Choose words from the box to make sentences about yourself. well
badly easily fast carefully strongly
hard quickly slowly dangerously seriously
I
I speak English English
safely
slowly slowly And c*re.-fwlly.
a I read E n g l i s h _________________________________________ b I write in E n g l i s h _________________________________________ c Id
r
i v
e
_________________________________________
d Ic
o
o
k
_________________________________________
e I can s
w
f I play t e
_________________________________________
i m n
n
i s
_________________________________________
g I ride a b i c y c l e _________________________________________ h Iw i Is
o t u
r d
k
_________________________________________
y
_________________________________________
Work with a classmate. classmate. Ask As k and and answer questions questions about Exercise Exercise 3 above above.. How do yo u .. . ? or wit You You can ask questi stions wit with h How with h Can y o u ...? For example: A: How do you drive?
B: I drive well. I drive slowly and carefully.
A: Can you cook?
B: No, No, I cook very badly.
Match the two parts of each sent sentence. ence. 1 very well.
a Cheng walks quickly — ^ b 1can’t hear you. you. c Rafiq plays football
2 carefully:
\ \
3 to see more clearly.
d 1study hard
4 Could you speak a little louder?
e Jeya carries the flowers
5 up the road.
f 1wear glasses glasses
6 for exams.
U nit it 1 3 : Advert*s t*s
19
P re poe l& ons of tim e in / on / a t & Database 16
B e a t rrii z a s k s t h e c o l l e g e rer e c e p t i o n i s t a b o u t h e r n e w c llaa s s . L o o k a t t h e g rere e n w o r d s . Reception ist:
Your Your class is in the evening on Monday and Wednesday. It s t a r t s a t 6 o ' cl c l o ck ck and finishes at 8 o'clock.
R o m a n i s t a l k i n g t o L ini n g . R e a d thth e c o n v e rsr s a t ioi o n a n d l o o k a t t h e g rer e e n w o r d s . Roman:
When's your birthday?
Ling Ling::
It's in Octo ber, on th e fifteenth. This year it's on Saturday. That's go od because because it's at the weekend.
j Your gla lass fs in in the eve ning. |
-®- N o wdow eu sein , ona ndsit it for tfm e s'P
□ ■
(p a g e9 9 )
Write in, in, on or at in the examples. examples. in: ___ the afternoon __ the morning, ___ ii\ the evening, __
__ October months: __ seasons: ____ ____ spring years: ____ ____ 2009 on:
days: ___ ___ Monday parts of a day: ____ ____ Wednesday Wednesday evening eveni ng dates: _____ _____ 15th October
at:
a time: ___ ___ 6 o’clock the weekend: __ __ the weekend night: night
64
U nit it 1 9 :P repo& ft/oneof tim e
Circle th e correct option. in /(j n y at Friday
a in/on/at Thursday
b in /on /a t July
c in / o n / a t Saturday morning
d in /o n/ a t 1995
e in / o n / a t the weekend
f in / on / at winter
g in / on / at one o’clock
h in / on / at the afternoon
i in / on / at summer
k in / on / at night
I in /o n / a t a quarter past five
j
in / o n / a t 23rd January
m in /on / a t Sunday night
n in / on / at 25th May
Write in, on or at. We always go out o k Saturday night.
a I start work __ 8.00 and I finish ___ 5.30. b / don’t usually work __ the weekend, but I work ___ Saturday mornings when we are very busy. c He has two weeks’ holiday __ August. d She picks the children up from school __ half past three. e Their wedding is __ Saturday 5th July,
Look at Ling’s diary. Then writs in. on or at to complete the sentences on the next page.
Thursday
Monday 6.00
p.M.
College.
6.00
a
7.30
p.M. FHm A
S . O O a .m . W o rk . A t
Friday &.OO
£iAperMArlce.t
Qarde.*
Wednesday
Saturday
Tuesday
6.00
p,.M.
College.
.m .
t
M u l t i p l e .*
Me.Al A t th e. ChirvA
3.00 Eve.i\ii\^
Wor k: A t £iA£>er M ar k et :
Na
-
o m
I
£ we.ddi^
w e.d d ir ^ p a r t y
Sunday
11.O O a.m.
M e . e. t
ii\ Lo i\doi\
U nit1 9 :P n e p o e ftfo n eof tim e
65
a
Ling goes to college o* Monday and Wednesday _ _6 o’clock __ the evening.
b
She goes to work __ 8 o’clock ___ the morning ___ Tuesday and Thursday.
c d e f
__ Thursday ___ half past seven ___ the evening she’s going to see a film. She’s having a meal at the China Garden __ Friday ________________ 8 o’clock ___ the evening. __ Saturday, she’s going to a wedding ___ three ___ the afternoon. Then there’s a wedding party __ Saturday evening. __ Sunday, she’s meeting Shu ___ eleven ___ the morning in London.
Write a diary for next week. Write something for each day. Then work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about different times and days. For example: A: What are you doing on Monday? B: / start work at 8 o’clock and finish at 1 o’clock. I ’m coming to college at 5.30 in the evening. Monday
Thursday
Tuesday
Friday
Wednesday
Saturday
Sunday
U nit1 9 tP ro p o e ftfo n eof tim e
P re positions of pla ce in / on / a t [£7 D atabase 17
R e a d a b o u t Is m a i l, M a g d a a n d H a m i d . L o o k a t th e g re e n w o r d s . Ismail lives in Birmingham, in the Midlands. He works in an office in the city centre. This morning he is in his car. Magda lives in Lincoln Street, in Brighton, on the south coast. She is a teacher at Sussex University. She is waiting at the bus sto p. Hamid lives a t 35 Hurs t Road, in Crawley. He works at Gatwick A ir port. He li ves in a f l a t on th e first floor. At the moment he's on the bus.
\ i/
9
^
H o wd ow euse in , ona nda t?for placesr (page 99 )
Write in, on or at to complete the examples. In is used for the following: Streets; towns and areas: in Birmingham, ___ the city centre, ____ Brighton, ____ Lincoln Street, ____ Crawley Regions: ___ the Midlands Houses, flats, rooms: ___ a flat, ____ an office Cars, taxis: __________ his car. On is used for the following: The coast: ___ the south coast Floors: ___ the first floor Buses, trains, planes, boats: ___________ the bus A t is used for the following: Places o f work and study: __ Sussex University, ___ Gatwick Airport Next to a point: ___ the bus stop Addresses: _____ 35 Hurst Road
U n itS O iP r e p o s i t io n s o fp la c e
67
Match the two parts of each sentence. 1 12 Church Road.
a She’s reading in -----— ^ b He lives in
2 the traffic lights.
\
c He works at
— 3 the library.
d They study at
4 the third floor.
e She lives on
5 the bus.
f Ilive at
6 the local hospital.
g The car is waiting at
7 London.
h She’s travelling on
8 Oxford University.
Circle the correct option. Choose in, on or at. He’s 0 / on / at the bathroom.
a She’s i n / o n / a t the kitchen. b They live in / o n / a t Manchester. c He’s in / o n / a t a taxi. d The office is in / on / at the second floor. e I’m meeting her i n / o n / a t Victoria Station, f She lives in / o n / at the north of England.
g New York is in / o n / at the East Coast. h I live in / o n / at 97 South Street i They study in / o n / a t the college.
Write in, on or at to complete these sentences. Ling lives i* a flat.
a The flat i s _______ the ground floor. b She lives ______ Church Road. c Ling lives _______ _ Crawley, ______ West Sussex. d She studies English ______ the local college.
U nit 20. P repoe f&oneof place
e The class is f
4
She works part-time
the third floor. the supermarket.
Wr'te about where you live, work and study. house? flat? room? I live, ia two r o o i r ^
a floor? ___ ___ ___________ ___ ___________ ___ ___ ______ b street? ______ ___ ________________ ___ ___________ ___ _ c number? ___ ___________ ___ ________________ ___ _______ d town? city? county? region? __________________________________________ e college? ___ ___ ______ ___ ________________ ___ _________ f classroom? ___ ___________ ___ ___________ ___ ___________ _ g workplace? ______ ___ ______ ___ ___________ ___ ___________
5
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about the places where you live, work and study. Also ask about friends and family. For example: A: Do you live in a house or a flat? B: In a flat. A: Which floor is it on? B: It’s on the first floor.
n it S O iP r e p o s i t io n s o fp la c e f U
Afore prepositions of pla ce l& Database 10
L o o k a t t h e to w n p la n a n d r e a d th e s e n t e n c e s . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s . The bank is next; to th e supermarket. The roa d goes under the bridge. There is a cash machine in fr o n t o f t he bank. The doctor's surgery is behind the supermarket. The post office is opposite o r facing the lake. The chemist's is between the post of fic e and the cafe. The pos t office is on the right. The cafe is on the left, and the chemist's is in the middle. The park is near the supermarket, by the do ct or surgery.
^ x a ^ u o o
u ! a s / 7
70
U nit 2 1 :M ore prepositions of plstce
Look at the town plan on the previous page. Answer the questions correctly. Is the bank facing the supermarket? N o } i t i£*'t. ItV
ivext to the. ^e r Market:.
a Is the park near the supermarket? ____________________________________ b Is the post office next to the chemist’s? _____ ___ ___ ________ ________ ________ _ c Does the road go under the supermarket? ___ ________ ________ ________ ______ ___ d Is there a cash machine in front of the post office? _____ ________ ______ ______ _____ e Is the cafe by the park? ________ ______ ________ ______ ______ __
f Is the chemist’s between the cafe and the post office? ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ g Is the post office on the left o f the chemist’s? __________________________________ h Is the bank behind the post office? ______ ______ ______ ________ ______ ____ i Is the doctor’s surgery in front o f the supermarket? ___ ______ ______ ________ ______ _ j
Is the car park behind the chemist’s? _____ ________ ________ ________ ______ _
Work with a classmate. Look at the town plan again for 30 seconds. Cover the plan and ask and answer these questions. Don’t look! a Excuse me, where’s the carpark, please? b Excuse me, where’s the doctor’s surgery, please? c Excuse me, where’s there a chemist’s, please?
d Excuse me, is there a cash machine near here, please? e And where is the bank? 1 Excuse me, is there a cafe in the town?
g Excuse me, can you tell me where the post office is, please? h Excuse me, is there a park near here, please?
Z li U nit S M ore prepositions of place
71
Where are these things in Ismail’s office? Write m e word on each line.
a Ismail’s desk is . b His chair is
the window. his desk,
c The paper is
his desk.
d His files are
the window,
e The photocopier is .
Ismail’s desk,
f His desk is g There are two chairs .
of the room,
the door and the photocopier.
his desk.
Think of your kitchen. Quickly draw the room and the things in it. Show your partner your drawing and ask and answer questions. Then do the same for other rooms and for your workplace. For example: A: Where’s the washing machine? B: It’s under the window next to the sink.
UnitZ hM oreprepositionsof ptece
R e a d a b o u t I s m a i l, M a g d a a n d H a m i d . L o o k a t th e g r e e n w o r d s . Ismail goes Vo work by car. He gets Vo work at 830. He's always on time. He spends the f ir s t hour a t work on the phone or on the computer answering e-mails. Sometimes, he travels on business. In the evening, he usually gets home a t about 6.00. He goes t o bed a t about 11.00. Magda goes to wor k by bus. o r sometimes on foot if the weather is nice. She gets on the bus at th e st op near her fl at. Sometimes she works at home. In the evening, she usually reads in bed if ther e u j
is nothing on the television or on
a
the radio.
s / 7
Hamid is on holid ay a t th e moment.
'if.
o wdo w euse pre positiona l phra se sP f- N (p a g e 9 9 )
Complete these examples. to:
He goes to work (tpe work). He gets ____ work. He goes _____ bed (pfe bed).
on:
__ business. She goes to work ___ foot. He’s always ____ time. He is _____ the phone. He travels __ She gets ____ the bus. She is _____ holiday. There is nothing ______ the television.
by:
He goes to work ____ car (p& car). She goes to work _____ bus.
at:
He is ____ work (tpe work). She works _____ home (pie home).
in:
She reads ___ bed (pie bed)
No preposition: He usually gets home late.
U nit 22: Prepositional phrase s
73
Match the two parts of each sentence. a He’s working on —
1 bed every night.
b He’s at
2 train.
c She’s sitting on
3 the computer at the moment.
d They always go on
4 the phone at the moment.
e She reads in
5 home at the weekend.
f She never stays at
6 holiday in July.
g Sorry, she’s talking on
7work today.
h 1like travelling by
8 the bus with her friend.
Circle the correct option. She goes to home / ^oeThom^ a t 5.30.
d He normally works home / works at home,
a She gets to ho me /gets home at 6.00.
e They usually go to the bed / go to bed early,
b I goto work / go work every day.
f I get on the train / get on train at Victoria Station.
c I get to wor k/ ge t work at 9.00.
g In London I travel by the bus / by bus.
Choose one preposition from the box to complete the sentences. One sentence has no preposition. JU T
on
on
in
at
by
He is in New York o * business at the moment.
a I don’t enjoy travelling __ plane.
d Please come to the lessons __ time.
b We normally cook __ home.
e I am always __ bed before midnight.
c I never get __ home before 8.00 in the evening.
f I’m
the bus at the moment.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions using prepositional phrases. Ask about going to work, getting home, being at home, travelling, television or holidays. For example: A: How do you get to work? B: I get to work by bus.
U nit 22 :P reposf&ona I phrase s
l
>
+
!
3
3
& Database 17
Afyra
I t’s b r e a k f a s t ti m e a n d M y r a i s ta l k i n g to h e r s o n . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s . Myra:
Ali. turn o f f your PlayStation and listen t o me! I'll pick you up from school at 33 0 tod ay. Wait f o r me i f Cm late. Come on now. hurry up and put on your co at!
J a s m e e n a w o r k s in a c a re h o m e . S h e lo o k s a f te r o ld p e o p l e . R e a d h e r c o n v e r s a t io n w i th o n e o f h e r p a t i e n ts a n d l o o k a t th e g re e n w o r d s .
t x e t n o c
Jasmeena:
Would you like t o look at a magazine. Mrs Green? I'll put it on the
n i
table. Mrs Green:
e s U
Thank you. Jasmeena. I carft find my handbag.
Jasmeena: Don't worry : I'll look f o r it.
~ tf}~H o wdow eu seve rbs+pre positionsP *
(p a g e9 9 -1 0 0 )
Complete these examples. to: listen to me, belong _me, write _______ me, talk ___ me, speak _____ me
for:
wait ____ me, ask someone ___ something, thank someone ____ something
up:
_
pick someone ___ (collect), hurry ____ , ge t ____________ (out of bed), clean __ , tidy wash ___ (dishes)
on:
come ___ (hurry up), go ____ (continue), depend ____ someone
on/off:
switch ___ / off, turn ____ / off, put ____ / off, take _____ / off (clothes)
Some verbs +prepositions have different meanings: look _______ = take care of, look ________ =read, look ________ - try to find
Unit 23i V e rt> e+prepoef&ons
Circle the correct option. My husband never listens at / on
me.
a This house doesn’t belong a t / o n / to me. b I’m going into this shop. Please wait by / for / on me here. c Amir doesn’t talk a t / t o / for his wife. d Please hurry up / down / after or we’II be late. e He puts off/on/down a clean shirt every day. f Don’t forget to turn off /o n / in the television before you go to bed.
g What time do you want me to pick you for / down / up this evening? h I work as a carer looking at/for/after disabled people.
Choose the correct verb from the box. writes
belongs Jtm K s
She always
depends
washes
me for helping her.
takes
tidies
turns
d We could have a picnic but it ______ on the weather.
a He never _____ . up after a meal.
e She ______ up her flat every evening after work.
b This switch _____ off all the electricity.
f That mobile phone _____ to Magda.
c She ____ to her parents every week.
_______ off his hat in class. g He never
Write to, for, up, on or off. What time do you usually get
d My boss wants to speak _____ me.
a Come ______ / Please walk faster.
e At work, do you have to pu t _____ a suit for meetings?
b Can you ask your boss _______ more money?
f Don’t forget to thank them ____ inviting you to lunch.
c Her husband depends ______________ her.
g He never cleans _____ his bedroom.
Work with a classmate. Write seven questions you can ask your partner using the verbs +prepositions in this unit. Ask and answer the questions. For example: A: Do you wash up after meals?
U nit 23 :V e rtps +prepoei&one
B: No, I don’t. My husband washes up.
U se eof //ike
B 7Database I, IS
R e a d t h e s e c o n v e r s a t io n s . L o o k a t t h e g re e n w o r d s . A: "Do y ou li ke Engl ish fo o d ? " Bi 'Yes, / do. Some o f i t is very nice." A: "Would you li ke a cu p o f tea ? " B: "Yes. please. Milk bu t no s ug ar f o r me." A: "What's the weather like in your country? Bi *It's hot and sunny in the summer and it rains a lot in the winter."
\i/
o wdo w eu se1 /lc e P( p a g e lO O ) '9' N
□
Complete the examples. 1 We can use like to talk about things we enjoy or feel good about using Do you like? ‘‘bo you like. English food?” “Yes, I ____ . ” 2 We can use like to make an offer using Would you like? “__________________ a cup of tea?” “Yes, please. ” 3 We can use like to describe people, places or things using (What) is it like? “_________ _____________ in your country?” “It ’s hot and sunny. ”
Unit;
U ses o f l/lce
77
What type of questions are these? Write 1, 2 or 3 in each box. 1 Enjoy (Do you like?)
2 Offer (Would you like?)
3 Description (Is it like?)
Do you like apples? J j
a What’s your country like ? EH
b Would you like a biscuit? EH
c Would you like to see a film tonight? EH
d Do you like watching football? EH
e What’s the weather like today? EH
f What music does your sister like ? IE
g What’s your sister like? EE
h Why don’t you like your class? EH
i Where would you like to go? EH
j
]
What music would you like to listen to? EH
k What’s your house like ? 3
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. a Do you like coffee?
1 Go shopping, I think.
b Would you like anything more to eat?
2 It’s got two bedrooms and a nice view.
c Do you like watching TV?
3 No, I don’t. I prefer tea.
d Is your country like England?
4 Anything I can dance to.
e What would you like to do this afternoon?
5 No, thank you.
f What kind of music do you like ?
6 No, it isn’t. It’s very different.
g What’s your new flat like ?
7 Not really. I’m more like my mother.
h Are you like your father?
8 Yes, if there’s a good programme on.
U nit S ty U ses of //Ace
Circle the correct word, do or would. A: Do / $ou ld)you like a drink? B: Yes, please. I’m really thirsty.
a A: Do / Would you like your job ?
B: Yes, i t ’s very interesting.
b A: Do / Would you like getting up early?
B: It’s OK. It isn’t a problem for me.
c A: Do / Would you like to go out this evening?
B: No, I ’d prefer to stay in.
d A: Do / Would you like the summer or the winter?
B: I love the summer.
e A: Where do / would you like to go on holiday?
B: I’d like to go to Italy.
What is it / are they like? Write one word on each line to complete these questions and answers. A: What’s London like.? B: I t V very big and busy.
a A: What_
Birmingham
B:
very nice.
bA - ____
your parents.
B:
__ very kind.
c A : ____
your last holiday ____ ?
B:
__ great, thanks! _
d A* ____
____ yesterday? the weather
B:
__ cold and grey.
e A: ____
your brother ____ ?
B:
_ tall and friendly.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions. Find out what your partner enjoys (do you like?), make offers (would you like?) and ask for descriptions (is it like?). For example: What do you like to eat? Would you like to meet for a cup of coffee? What’s your country like?
Unit 2&K U ses o f like
e re was / w p a s t simple I
R e a d t h e s e f o u r c o n v e r s a t io n s . L o o k a t th e g re e n w o r d s . A: *Wher e were yo u l as t night?0 B: *I was in bed because I was n' t v er y well.1' A: *Wher e was Magda yesterday?" B: *She was at the university * A: "Where were Deva and Jeya on Saturday? " B: *They weren't at home. They were in London .*
\l/ O ) N o wd ow eu sew a s, w e re P(pagelO
□
Complete the tables. 1 Was and were are the past o f be. wasn’t (was not) you he/she/it
wasn’t
we
weren’t (were not)
they
80
were
were
U n i t 2 5: w a s / w e r e
2 Questions
Circle the correct option. I$ a s y were very tired last night.
d Marilyn Monroe was / were a famous film star.
a You was / were late for work today.
e We was / were in Manchester last weekend,
b The film wasn’t / weren’t very good.
f
c Was / Were there lots of people at the party?
g Who was / were your last teacher?
There wasn’t / weren ’t anything in the fridge.
Correct these sentences. I were at college yesterday evening.
d Was you tired after your journey?
a My mother were pleased to see me.
e Did she was happy in her country?
b The weather weren’t sunny on holiday.
f Did they was busy yesterday?
c The shopping bill didn’t was correct.
g Were Jan in class on Wednesday?
Complete these conversations with the correct form of was or were. a A: Were. you ill yesterday?
B: Yes 1
1
in bed.
b A:
the weather good in London?
R: Nn, it
It
c A:
those shoes expensive?
B: No, they
d A:
Rafiq late for work?
B: Yes, he ____ . There
e A:
the post office open?
B: Nn, it
grey and wet. . They
It
B: No, they
9 A-
R: Yes, it
. The food
B: No, it
It
h A:
_ your exam hard?
a traffic accident. closed.
f A : ____ _ your keys in your pocket? the restaurant OK?
in a sale.
. They
in my hag. delicious. easy.
Work with a classmate. Think of five questions using was and were to ask and answer. For example: Where were you at six o’clock last night? Was the weather good on Sunday? Were your trainers expensive? When was the last time you were ill? Were you at home on Saturday?
U n ft7 2 5 zw a s/ w ere
R e gula r ve rbs past simple 2 & Database 16
P e t ra is w a i ti n g f o r J a n a t t h e c in e m a . L o o k a t th e g r e e n w o r d s . Jan :
I'm sorry I'm late.
Pet ra : Did you walk here? Jan:
Yes, I did. I w ait ed f o r the bus for 20 minutes but it didn't arrive.
Petra: OK, do n' t wor ry. The film only started a few minutes ago. We can still go in.
t x e t n o c n i e s U H o wdow eu sere gula r ve rbsInthe • sim plepa sttP(p a g e 1 0 0 ) Complete the examples. 1 In positive sentences, past regular verbs end in ~ed. wait ->waited, start -> __________ 2 In negative sentences, we use didn’t + verb (not ~ed). I
waited for the bus for 20 minutes but it ____ _________ .
3 In questions, we use did + subject + verb (not ~ed). _____ you_______here?
4 In short answers, we use did / didn’t. Yes, I ______ . No, I didn’t
U nit
R egular ve rt?s
There are three different ways of pronouncing past ~ed endings. Complete the past forms of these verbs. Then say them aloud. (A d/) waited Av e 1 11 d / wait -> w^i'te.d need ^ study -» studied
(/d/) loved A Avd/ love loved arrive -> close try-* -tried stay -*
visit -» hate -* copy ->
start-* decide -*
live -* die -* call ^ reply -*
phone -> move -» clean play ^ stayed
n/as/7 ->
crash -* talk -> cook-* Stop -* £-top>p>ed
0;/) watched An d f t /
watch -* watched finish -» work help -* 1
walk-* pick -* like -*
f
Some of these sentences are correct and some are wrong. Tick (/) the ones that are right and correct the mistakes in the other sentences. He sludy&Tmedicine at university, studied
a She phoned me at nine o’clock last night. ___ ________ b Did you watch television last night? ___________ c She didn’t enjoyed the film .___________ _
d She picked up the children after school. ___ ________ e He lived not in the United States three years ago. ___________ f What time you did finish work yesterday? ___________ g I visited India in the winter. _________ _
U nit-
R egular verbs
Look at these questions. Complete the answers. A: Did she like her present?
B: Yes, shed id. She likad it very much.
a A: Did you study English at school?
B: Yes, I _________ . I _________ it for two years.
b A: Did the train arrive on time?
B: Yes, it _________ . It _________ a little early.
c A: Did it stop raining on Saturday?
B: No, i t __ ____ __ ___ . It __________ all day.
d A: Did he help you with your English?
B: Yes, he __________ . He __________ me a lot.
e A: Did you talk to your family on the phone?
B: Yes, I ________ . I _________ to them for 15 minutes.
Look at these questions and answers. Complete the questions. A: When did you
at college?
a A: _________ you _________ her last night? b A: Where ________ you ________ at the weekend? c A: What ________ you ________ last night? d A: Why _______ you ____ __ ____ to come to England? e A :________ you _________ here?
B: I started at college three weeks ago. B: No, I didn’t phone her. B: I stayed with my cousin. B: I cooked chicken and rice. B: I decided to come here to get a job. B: Yes, I did. I walked here.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions in the simple past. Use work, live, study, stay, play, watch, enjoy, arrive, phone, walk and talk. For example: A: Did you play football at school? B: No, I didn’t. I played basketball.
U nit
R egular verbs
Irregular ve rbs pa s t simp simple 3 C 7Database 16
J a n i s a s k i n g M a g d a a b o u t h e r h o l i d a y . L o o k a t thth e g r e e n w o r d s . Jan :
Did you have a good holiday?
Magda: Yes. thanks th anks . I did . I had a g rea t time. time. I went home home t o Poland. Poland. I saw my my fami ly and I met all my old friends. I flew back back yest erday and I didn 't get back until until one one this morning.
\l/ w
w
-
N o wdow eu seIrre gula la r ve rbsI n the S im p lep a S & P(page 101)
m
Complete the examples. sentences, es, pa st regular re gular verbs verbs have differ ent endings. endings. 1 In positive sentenc have see ,flv~> tad, ao , see , meet back until one this morning.
2 In neaative sentences, we use didn't + verb. I di d + subject subj ect + verb. verb. 3 In questions, we use did
vou vou
sho rt answers, answers, we use did / d id n ’t. Yes tha thanks. nks. I 4 In short
a good holiday? . No, I didn’t
nit | U
Look at the the word chain, find the the verbs and write the correct correct past pas t form of each verb. verb. gotmadediddrovetoo gotmadediddrovetookspokeboug kspokeboughtikRewlputund htikRewlputunderstoodthoughtleftatecame erstoodthoughtleftatecamegavereadsolds gavereadsoldsatslepttold atslepttold know
a do
___ ___
e take i understand
b come
c get_
d give
f leave.
g sell _
h drive
k eat
I sleep _ P tell _
j
make
t ____ _ m pu _____
n think
o read
q speak
r
s sit
buy buy _
Complete these conversations with one word in each line. B: I tad a sandwich.
A: What hat did you hav have e for lunch lunch? ?
a A: Did Did you spe speak ak to your family on the the phon phone? e?
_____ to my parents. B: Yes, I _____
___ __ _ _ about the exam? b A: Did you yo u _____
B: Yes, I knew knew about abo ut it.
___ you get home? c A: What hat time ___
B: I ____ ____ home at 8.30.
____ _ on Saturday? d A: What ___ ___ you _____
B: I bought some new shoes.
e A : ___ ___ you understand the lesson?
B: No, No, I ____ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ _
___ you go by train? B: /. you drive to London or ___
f A:
_ it. it. by train.
there, I
Complete these conversations using the past forms of the verbs in the box. You can use each verb more than once. have
a A:
go
do
see
make
swim
b i d you tave. a good holiday?
sleep
get
B: Yes thanks, I _
a great time.
____ __ you A: Where Where ______ yo u _______ ?
B: /.
A: What What _______ ___ ____ you yo u _______ ?
B: I.
my family and I _
I
to the beach and I
b A: What What
___ _ _ at the weekend? you __
to my home country.
B: I .
some new friends.
_ every day.
anything special.
I __ ___ a good film, I __ ____ ____ __ to the the cinema on Saturday and _____ A: A:
____ out on Sunday? you yo u ____
____ __ all morning. I ___ ___ up late, B: No, I ______ bath and then I
my homework. /.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions, for example, about your last holiday, what what you you did yesterday, yesterday, last las t weekend. weekend. I
U nit it 2 7: Irre regula lar ve rtr trs ■
a to bed early.
P re se n t? continuous / w ill (w orft) ’/ goingt o future & Database 1
P a w e l a n d J o m o a r e t a llkk i n g a b o u t tht h e i r p l a nsn s f o r tht h e w e e k e n d . L o o k a t tht h e g r e e n w o r d s . Pawel: awel: What are you doin g a t the weekend. Jomo? Jomo: Jomo:
I'm meeting some fr ien ds in London. London. We're We're going t o have
Pawe Pawel: l:
a party. When hen ar e you coming bac k?
Jomo: Jomo:
I'll I'll pro bably come come back on Sunday Sunday afternoo n. What about you?
Pawel: Pawel: I'm I'm going to st ay in and study. I'm taking my exams on Monday. But I'll probably Jomo: Jomo:
go out on Saturd Saturd ay night. OK. I wo n't see you at th e weekend but good luck wit h th e exams. exams. I'll I'll see you next week!
^o w0 /0w eu sevvW(worfti, goingto a nd a g e 1 0 l) ■ present continuousP (p Complete the examples. 1 M/e use use will (won’t) for future actions. A: I'll probably coMe. back on Sunday afternoon. B: ____ I probably ____ out on Saturday night. night. I ___ ______ ___ you next week! A: OK OK, ____ I ____ see you at a t the weekend. ______ 2 We use going to for future intentions. A: We _________ ___ _____ __ a party. ______ ___ ______ : ______ B: ______ ___ I ______ ______ ______ ______ ___ in and study. use present presen t continuous for future arrangements. arrangements. 3 We use A: What Wha ___ yo u __ at the weekend? t___ you ____ __ __ ____ __ at ___ ______ _____ __ some friends in London. B: ______ I ____ you A: When When ____ yo u __ back? ____ ____ __ __ back? I___ ______ ______ ___ my exams on Monday. B: ______
Unit it 23: Present continuous / w 1 U (worf rft) / goingto
Match a sentence on the left with a response on the right. a Bye!
1 I’m not sure. I’ll phone you later and tell you.
b What are you doing on Saturday?
2 It’ll finish at 12.30.
c What time are we meeting?
3 I’ll open a window.
d I don’t feel very well.
4 Bye! I’ll see you later.
e It ’s very hot in here.
5 Sit down. I’ll get you some water.
f When will the exam finish?
6 I’ll probably go shopping.
g Can I see the doctor this morning?
7 I’ll give you an appointment for 9 o’clock.
Complete these sentences with ~'s / ~’re going to.
a He ___________________ have a shower.
ItV ^ o i i v j t o rain.
b They ___________________ play tennis.
Unft?
P res en t con tinu ous /
c He ___________________ be a racing driver.
w ill
(worftO / going to
d She
3
4
take a taxi.
e They
paint the kitchen.
Deva is going into hospital for an operation. Complete the questions and answers about the arrangements using the present continuous. J eya: When are you having your operation?
Deva:/m tavirv^it on Wednesday.
J eya: When are you going into hospital?
Deva: I__ ____ _____ in on Wednesday morning.
J eya: Who is taking you to hospital?
Deva: Rafiq ________________ me.
J eya: How long are you staying?
I overnight. Deva: _____________
J eya: Who is picking up the children from school?
Deva: My sister ____________ up the children.
J eya: Who is looking after the children?
Deva: Rafiq _____________ after them.
J eya: When _____ you _________ home?
Deva: I’m coming home on Thursday afternoon.
J eya: When _____ you ________ back to work?
Deva: I’m not going back to work for two weeks.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions about future actions, intentions and plans.
U nit S3t Pre se n t continuou s / will (w o rft) / going to
m u s t; / m ustn'tr / havego obligation
I s m a i l is ta l k i n g a b o u t h is jo b . L o o k a t th e g r e e n w o r d s . */ s tar t work at 8.00.1mustn't be lat e so I have to ge t up at 6.30. In my last job I didn't have to get up until 7.30 but I had t o wear a suit and tie. I don 't have to wear a suit now. but I must look sm art and t idy . Sorry. I must go now - I'll be late!"
\«/
N o wdo w eu sem ust / mustn't / h a veto? (p a g e1 0 l)
□
Complete the examples. 1 When something is necessary, we use have to o r must.
I tave. to je . i up at 6.30.1 _______ look smart and tidy. I ___ ____ _ go now.
2 When something is n ot necessary, we use don’t (doesn’t) have to. I _______________ wear a suit now. 3 When something is the wrong thing to do, we use mustn’t. I _________ be late. 4 The past of must and have to is had to (didn’t have to). I _____ _______ _______ get up till 7.30 but I _______ _______ __ wear a suit and tie.
Un it 29i mu st / m ustrft /
have
to
Correct the mistakes in these sentences. I mustJcf post these letters. I
tlne.$e. Ie.tte.r£.
a I must to check my e-mails. _______________________ b You don’t must phone the office before 9 a.m. ___________ c I have wear special clothes in my jo b. ____ __ ______ _____ d When I was at school, I must wear a uniform. ___________ e He don’t have to travel in his job. ____________________ f You mustn ’t to smoke in restaurants in England. _________ g I didn’t must pay for the coffee because my friend paid for me.
Match the questions on the left with their answers on the right. 1 Yes, you mustn’t wake him up.
a Are we la t e ? --------b Do 1have to do a test?
2 Yes, but we had to wait half an hour.
X.
c Is he still sleeping?
- — 3 Yes, you must hurry up.
d How many tablets must 1take?
4 No, I didn’t have to - it was free.
e Do you have to work at the weekends?
5 Yes, you have to phone your mother.
f Did the doctor see you?
6 I sometimes have to work on Saturdays.
g Is there a message for me?
7 Everyone has to do an exam this term.
h Did you have to pay for your course?
8 You have to take three a day.
Choose the best answer, mustn’t or don’t have to. You(mstn^y don’t have to smoke in pubs in England.
a You mustn’t / don’t have to drive on the right in England. b Most people mustn’t / don’t have to get up early on Sundays. c You mustn’t /d o n ’t have to use a car if you can walk to work. d You mustn’t / don’t have to eat chip sandwiches if you want to lose weight. e In England, people under 17years old mustn’t / don’t have to drive cars, f Young people in England mustn’t / don’t have to do military service.
U n f t 2 9 t m u s t / m u s e r f v / h a v e to
Write one word on each line to complete these questions and answers. a A: Are you ready for your interview?
B: Yes, I Mi^-t go, I _______ be late.
b A: How often ___ you ______ to see the dentist?
B: I _____ to go every three months.
___ do tonight? c A: Is there anything you, ___ _
B: Yes, I ______ do the ironing.
d A : _____ you __________ get any shopping?
B: Yes, I ____ get some eggs and milk.
e A: Did you _______ wear a uniform when you were at school? B: No, I __________ to. f A : ____ you _________ _ get up early yesterday?
B: Yes, I _________ get up at 5 o ’clock.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions using must, have to and had to. Ask about things you have to do, places you have to go and things you had to do in the past, for example, when you were at school. For example: A: Do you have to do anything tomorrow? B: Yes, I have to go to work. A: Did you have to play sports at school? B: Yes, we had to play volleyball.
Now write a short paragraph about your daily life using must, mustn’t and have to. For example: I t av e
-ho ^ e t
up A"h 7 o'cl ock..
I
U nit2 9 : m u s t / mustrft / h a v eto
be. I
scho ol.
o
C om pa ra tivea cU e ctive s
& Database Z
R a f f q i s ta l k i n g a b o u t lif e in E n g l a n d . L o o k a t th e g re e n w o r d s . tt/nsome ways, life in England is b et ter than in my country, Sri Lanka. There are more opportunities here f o r me. I have a b et te r Job and f work harder here, so my family can live in a bigger house and we can have a more co mf ort able life. But li fe here is busier and more expensive. Also the weather is warmer in Sri Lanka and I thi nk the country is more beautiful. So, in some ways, life f o r me is wors e in this country than at home*
\ i/
H owdo w em a kea ndusecom para tive dje ctive sP ( p a g e 1 0l) "a Complete the examples. 1 The comparative form o f short adjectives (one syllable) is usually formed by adding ~er. hard -» tarder, warm -» ________ . For some adjectives, the final consonant is doubled: big -> _______ . 2 For adjectives ending with ~y, change ~y to ~ier: busy -» __________ .
3 The comparative form o f longer adjectives of two, three or four syllables is formed by using more + adjective: comfortable -> _________________ , expensive -> ______ ___________ , beautiful __________________ . 4 Irregular adjectives: good -> b _______ , bad -> w _______ .
5 We use than when we compare one thing with another: _____ in my country. So, in some ways, life for me is worse in Life in England is better this country _____ at home.
U nit 30. Com parative aclfec&ves
Write the comparatives of the words in the box in the correct column. Jja p p f important dangerous sad
Short adjectives +
hot dark old heavy careful
serious slim
fat near angry short interesting
| Short adjectives, double consonant
Correct the adjectives in these sentences. My country is Jjotef than England, h o t t e r
a My new car is more fast than my last one. ________ b My wife is carefuller than me. _____________ c Your bag is heavier that mine. _____________ d I think my English is more good than three months ago. e This restaurant is more nicer than the other one. ____ f The weather is badder than yesterday. ___________ g This new chair is more comfortable then my old one. _
Unit; 30: Comparative adjectives
young comfortable friendly easy fit
Long adjectives
Look at the information about two students. Write sentences to compare J an with Roman.
Jan is 27. Roman is 22.
J aa
i£ o l d er
tt a *
R o m ^a .
a Jan is 1 metre 64 centimetres tall. Roman is 1 metre 69 centimetres tall. Roman is _______ Jan. b Jan is serious. Roman isn’t serious. Jan i s _________________________ Roman. c Jan speaks good English. Roman doesn’t speak English well. Jan speaks ________ English _______ Roman.
d Jan works hard. Roman doesn’t work hard. J a n ________________________________ Roman. e Jan is careful. Roman isn’t careful. Jan ___________________________________ Roman. f Jan isn’t very happy. Roman is always happy. Roman ________________________________ Jan.
Work with a classmate. Ask and answer questions. Ask how your partner’s life compares with life in his or her country. Ask about how they compare with someone else in their family. For example: A: Do you think life is better in this country? B: In some ways it’s better, for example we are richer. A: Is your sister older than you?
B: Yes, she’s three years older than me.
<75
1 am / is / are: the verb be 1 We can use the verb be to talk about personal information, for example: • name: My name is Deva. I’m Deva. • country: I’m from Sri Lanka. • nationality: I’m Sri Lankan. • age: I’m 32 years old. My son is eight. • marital status: I’m married. I’m single. I’m divorced. • job: He’s a taxi driver. • family: We are a small family of four people. • feelings: Sometimes life isn’t easy but we ’re happy.
2 there is / there are / it is / they are: the verb be 2 We use: there is or there are to talk about things or people generally there is for one thing or person: There’s a supermarket. there are for more than one thing or person: There are lots of families with young children in our street, it is when we know the special thing or person: It’s (the supermarket’s) a big shop with everything I need, they are when we know the special things or people: They (the families) are all very friendly.
3 The present continuous We use the present continuous to talk about: • something that is happening right now: Rafiq is working. • the general present situation: Amir’s looking for a job. • future arrangements: I’m working tomorrow morning. To form the present continuous we add -ing to the verb: jump - jump + ing = jumping, walk - walk + ing = walking, stay + ing = staying For verbs ending in -e, remove the ‘e’ and add -ing: live - live + ing = living, come - come + ing = coming For some verbs we need to double the final consonant before adding -i ng: shop - shop + p + ing = shopping, run - ru n+ n + ing = running For verbs ending in -ie, remove the 7e’ and add ‘y ’ before adding -ing : die - d + y + ing = dying, lie - 1+ y + ing = lying
4 I / you / we / they: present simple I We use the present simple to talk about: • activities every day, most days, often, sometimes, generally: I go to work. • true information: She lives in London. We use some verbs in the simple form, not the continuous, all the time. For example: know - 1know (Jlm-kmwtng). We call these state or stative verbs. The following are all stative verbs: agree, believe, forget, remember, think (= believe), understand, like, hate, need, prefer, want, hear, see,
smell, taste, belong, cost.
She I she / it: present simple 2 The pronunciation of ~s and ~es endings: • Words ending in ~se: close closes At 1au z i zJ use uses / j u i z i z / • Words ending in ~sh: finish -» finishes A i n iJ i z/ brush brushes /b r a f i z/ wash -> washes /w dJ i zJ • Words ending in ~ch: watch -> watches M d t J i zJ match matches / m a e t / i z / teach - » teaches A ii tjiz / passes / p a i s i z / kiss -> kisses /k i s i z / • Words ending in ~ss: pass • Words ending in ~ry, ~dy: hurry -> hurries /h a r i z / carry -» carries /k aer i zJ study -> studies /s t a d i zJ • Some other present simple verbs are formed by adding ~s to a verb ending in ~e, but the ~es is not pronounced as a separate syllable: live ->lives A iv z J come ->comes A Am zJ leave ->leaves A i: vz /
G ram m arnotes
6 Imperatives The imperative is formed by using the infinitive without ‘to’, for example:J & q tf g o . We use imperatives for: • instructions: Take two tablets three times a day. • orders: Send them an e-mail. • directions: Turn left at the traffic lights. • invitations and offers: Please come in. Have another biscuit.
7 Question words Note the word order for making questions: • present continuous: Am I going?/Are you / w e / they going? /I s h e / she / it going? • present simple: Do I/ yo u / w e / they go? Does he / she / it go?
8 can / can't (cannot) / could / couldn't: modal verbs We usually say can’t but the full form is cannot (one word). We use can for present ability: I can play the piano (now). For past ability we use could: I could play the piano when I was five. We use can or could for present or future possibility: I can meet you at 6.00. // could meet you at 6.00. There is little difference in meaning. Here, could is not the past of can. We use can or could to ask someone for something: Can you help me, please? Could you post a letter for me? Again, there is little difference in meaning. Here, could is not the past of can.
4 have got We never use have got for activities: I’m having a good time. (Lhave got a good time:) British English uses have got more than American English, for example: • British English: A: Have you got a pen? B: Yes,! have. • American English: A: Do you ha ve a pen? B: Yes, I do.
10 some / any: quantity I We usually use some in positive sentences and any in negative (not) sentences. In questions, there is not a clear rule - sometimes we use some and sometimes any. If we use some, the question feels more positive and we expect the answer ‘Yes’: Have you got some money? (Yes, of course!) but we can also ask: Have you got any money? We often use some when we are offering something: Would you like some cake? We can also say: Would you like any cake?
11 how much / how many / a lot / a few / a little: qu an tity 2 We can count countable nouns, for example: one egg, two eggs, three eggs. We can’t count uncountable nouns, for example: milk, -twe-mtfksWith uncountable nouns, we often use another way of counting them, for example: two bottles of milk. We use some nouns as countable and uncountable, for example: I’d like two coffees, please, (two cups of coffee = countable). I need to buy some coffee, (a kilo of coffee = uncountable).
12 Making plurals: nouns The plurals of these commonly used nouns are exceptions to the normal rules: potato ->potatoes, tomato -> tomatoes, man ->men, woman -» women, child ->children, person ->people, tooth -» teeth, foot feet, mouse mice, sheep sheep, fish ->fish.
G ra m m ar notes
\S a / an / the: article s We use a/an when we talk generally: Wouldyou like an apple? (There are many apples on the plate, please take one.) We use the when there is one special thing or person we are talking about: Would you like the apple? (There is one apple on the plate.) We can also use the with plural nouns: The trains in France are really fast. In English we usually use a/an and notone: I’ve got a house. (D^-goi-em-hrm^) We usually use one in answer to How many? - I’ve got one car (not two).
14 the: the definite article We use the before these countries, states and unions: • The U n ite d .fo r example: The United Kingdom, The United States, The UnitedArab Emirates. • The Republic of..., for example: The Republic of Ireland, The People’s Republic of China, The Netherlands, The Seychelles. • The ... Union, for example: The European Union. We use the to talk generally about some activities, for example: I like the cinema/the theatre. We use the to talk about some places, for example: I’m going to the bankAhe post officeAhe doctor’sAhe dentist’sAhe stationAhe airportAhe city centre. We don’t use the to talk about these general activities: • I go to bed/work/school/college/church. She is in prison/hospital. He is at home.
15 this / t h a t / these / those: demonstratives Some other common uses of this and that: • On the phone:A: Who’s that?/Is that Omi? B: Yes, this is Omi speaking. • Introducing someone: ‘This is my brother, Saeed. ’ • A: Thank you. B: That’s OK. / That’s all right. / That’s fine. • A: I’m getting married. B: That’s great!/That’s nice.
16 Pronouns Subject
Object
Possessive
1have a car
It belongs to me
It’s my car
It ’s mine
1
me
my
mine
you
you
your
yours
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
we
us
our
ours
they
them
their
theirs
18 Adverbs Regular adverbs are formed using adjective + ly: clear ->clearly. • Adjectives ending with ~y change to ~ily: easy -» easily, angry -* angrily, heavy -» heavily hungry -» hungrily • Adjectives ending with ~ful change to -fully : careful ->carefully, beautiful -» beautifully Irregular adverbs: good ->well
G ram m ar notes
•These adverbs are the same as the adjectives: fast -» fast, •
late
/ate, early ->early, hard
Notice that the adverb hardly means very little: He works hard = He works a lot. He hardly works =He works very little.
1
in
at
months, seasons, years, part of a day, days, dates the morning, the afternoon, the evening
times, the weekend, night, at the moment festival holidays (Christmas)
Note: We say in the morning, but on Tuesday morning, at night but on Friday night.
20 Prepositions o f place: in / on / a t in
on
at
a room, a flat, a house, an office, a building a street, a town, a city the town/city centre a region a car, a taxi
a floor the coast a bus, a train, a plane
an address (a number) a school, a college, a university, a workplace
22 Prepositional phrases to
on
by
at
in
go to/g et to a place, go to bed
on time on the phone, the computer on business go on holiday on foot get on/off the bus, train, plane on TV, the radio
go by bus, car, train, boat, plane
be at home, work, school, college be at the station, airport be at a party, a match
be in bed, in hospital, in prison, in the world
23 Verbs + pre positio ns Some verbs are normally followed by prepositions: • to: listen, belong, write, talk, speak • for: wait, ask (someone) for (something), thank (someone) for (something) • on: switch on/off, turn on/off, depend on, rely on
hard
Some verbs + prepositions have special meanings. These are phrasal verbs or expressions. For example: • up: pick (someone) up, hurry, get, clean, tidy, wash • on: come, go, put on/take off Some phrasal verbs can be followed by different prepositions with different meanings, for example, look: look after = take care of, look at = watch, look for = try to find
24 Uses o f like We normally use the verb to like in the simple form: Do you like ?/ / like // don’t like (UmJrktfig). We can also use the verb to like with ‘would’ to make an offer - Would you like? - or to say what we want - I’d like (I’d like to go for a coffee.) In the sentence ‘What’s (is) it like?’ the word like is not a verb and it has a different meaning. It means ‘similar to’. We use What’s it like? to ask someone to tell us how something is, to describe it. So, ‘What’s the weather like?’ is asking how the weather is, not if you enjoy it. The answer is, for example, ‘It’s hot and sunny’, not, 7 like the weather’. We can also use like to ask about people, for example: • A: What’s your brother like ? B: He’s tall and friendly. • A: Are you like (similar to) your brother? B: No, my brother and I are very different.
25 was / were: past simple I We use simple past for finished actions or times. The past of is/a re : • I /he / s h e / it was / wasn’t (was not) • you / w e / they were / weren ’t (were not) Questions about the past: • Was I /he / s h e / it? (IM-fre-wzs) • Were you / w e / they? (Qid-yw-weW)
26 Regular verbs: past simple 2: Positive
Negative
Questions
1started You started He / She / It started We started They started
1didn’t (did not) start You didn’t start He / She / It didn’t start We didn’t start They didn’t start
Did 1start? Did you start? Did he / she / it start? Did we start? Did they start?
100
G ram m ar notes
27 Irregular verbs: pa st simple 3 See Database 16 for a list o f irregular verbs.
1went You went He / She / It went We went They went
Negative
Questions
1didn’t (did not) go You didn’t go He / She / It didn’t go We didn’t go They didn’t go
Did 1go? Did you go? Did he / she / it go? Did we go? Did they go?
2% Present continuous / will / going to: future will: We use will for general future actions often if we are not 100% sure - 1think I’ll go to the party on Saturday or with probably definitely - I’ll definitely phone you tonight. Sometimes we use will for a sudden decision - I’ve got five minutes free, so I’ll phone George. The negative of will is won’t (will not). going to: We often use going to for things we want to do, have decided to do or intend to do. I’m going to travel round the world after I finish at college. We can say going to go but we often ju st say going to: I’m going to go to London at the weekend - I’m going to London at the weekend. We also use going to if we can see something is going to happen in the near future: The sky is very dark. It’s going to rain. present continuous: We often use present continuous for appointments, dates and arrangements which are fixed. I’m playing football at 3.00 tomorrow afternoon.
24 must / mustn't / have to: obligation We use must and have to to say something is necessary. Generally, we use have to for laws, rules, something someone else tells us to do - You have to register with the police in this country - and we use must for more personal obligations - 1must do some ironing - but the difference between using must and have to is very small. We use don’t/doesn’t have to to say something is not necessary We can also say needn’t - 1 don’t have to wear a suit = I needn ’t wear a suit. Mustn’t has a similar meaning to can’t / not allowed to, or even, forbidden / prohibited. You mustn’t smoke in here = You can’t smoke in here / You’re not allowed to smoke in here/Smoking in here is forbidden / prohibited. Must has only one form - the present. We can use it for the future, for example, I must phone my mother tomorrow, but we normally use have to for other tenses: I’ll have to phone my mother tomorrow, I had to phone her yesterday.
30 Comparative adjectives Adjectives ending consonant + vowel (a,e,i,o,u) + consonant: double the consonant to make the comparative: big bigger, hot -» hotter, sad ->sadder, fat -» fatter, fit ->fitter Two-syllable adjectives: some add -er, for example: quiet -» quieter. But most comparatives are with more: more modern, more careful, more peaceful.
1A ctivitie sa ndh ob b le s Intheh o u se We do: the housework, the cooking, the washing-up, the cleaning, the washing, the ironing, the shopping (we go shopping), the decorating.
A tc o lle g e , sch o o l or u n ive rsity We study. We do homework, self-study, a test, an exam, reading, writing, listening, speaking.
S po rts We do exercise, sport (sports). We go jogging, running, swimming, cycling, riding, to the gym, fishing, racing. We play football, tennis, volleyball, cricket, baseball, basketball. Hobbles We do gardening, DIY (the painting and decorating), painting. We go to the cinema, the theatre. We use the computer, we watch television, we listen to the radio.
A ctivitie sw ithd oa ndg o We go shopping and we do sport. We do the shopping and we go running!
P ut th e sea ctivitie sInthecorre ct c o lu m nIntheta ble . the cooking exercise
the housework jogging
do
go
^o r t, the.
102
homework fishing
D attaba ee
swimming the washing
the cleaning travelling
2 A c U e c tfv e s Adjective
Comparative
Opposite adjective
Comparative
big fast fat fit good hot long near new nice warm young
bigger faster fatter fitter better* hotter longer nearer newer nicer warmer younger
small slow slim unfit bad cold short far old
smaller slower slimmer more unfit worse* colder shorter further/farther* older
cool old
cooler older
angry busy easy friendly happy heavy
angrier busier easier friendlier happier heavier
calm quiet hard unfriendly sad light
calmer quieter harder sadder lighter
beautiful careful comfortable dangerous important interesting modem serious
more beautiful more careful more comfortable more dangerous more important more interesting more modem more serious
ugly careless uncomfortable safe unimportant boring old-fashioned happy
uglier more careless more uncomfortable safer
-
-
more boring more old-fashioned happier
*irregular
Database
3B rita in
104
D atabase
^ T hecafe M atch thepictures and the w ords.
e
a mug of tea a black coffee a milkshake a chicken salad sandwich a cheese roll a cappuccino a baguette with egg mayo a muffin an orange juice a toasted sandwich a jacket potato a piece of cake
D atabase
105
5 C lothe s M atch thepictures and the w ords.
shirt slippers
jacket belt
sweater shoes
blouse jeans
tights tie
socks trousers
T-shirt trainers
&C o lle g esubjects W ritethew ordsinyouro w nla ng ua ge . science ________________________ physics __ ______ __ ____ __ ____ chemistry ___ mathematics _____________________ geophysics. ------------------------ biology-----geography ______________________ geology ___________________
business studies __________________
biochemistry
computer science ___________ IT studies ___
programming ____________________ finance ___________________ accountancy _ bookkeeping ____________________ languages __________________ media studies. photography _____________________
aeronautics __ ____ ____ ______ ____ __ automotive engineering _______________ mechanical engineering _____________ electronics _________________ design hairdressing _____________________ beauty therapy-------------------------
106
D atat*ase
skirt
7C olou rs
white
yellow
orange
red
purple
brown
blue
green
grey
black
3 C ountrie s andna tionalities ‘I’m from Sri Lanka (country). I ’m Sri Lankan (nationality). ’
1M a tchthe seE u ro p e a ncountrie sa ndna tion a litie s. Europe
a United Kingdom b France c Spain d Portugal e Italy f Switzerland g Poland h The Netherlands \ The Czech Republic
j Estonia k Germany I
Greece
2W h a t otherE u ro p e a ncountrie sa ndna tiona litie sca ny o uth in ko f P
3W ha t contine nt or countrydothe sepe o p leco m efrom ? Asian A t\<\
a Egyptian
b Indian
c Pakistani
d Sudanese
e Somali
f Brazilian _
g Taiwanese.
h Russian
k Philippino _
I Saudi Arabian.
o American
p Colombian __
i
Moroccan
j Thai ___
m Iraqi ___
n Japanese _
q Argentinian
r Indonesian
107
W h a t?a rethecou ntrie sa ndna tion a litie sof thep e o p leinyo u r clas&r*
9D a ysandm onths 1 P u t theda ysInorde r1 — 7 . Wednesday ___
Saturday ___
Monday
I
Friday ___
Sunday ___
Tuesday __
Thursday
2 p ut them o n th sInorde r1 — 1 2 .
___ January _ } ____ September Augusts ___ . April ___
___ December
June ___
March ___
___ November
July ___
February _
May
1 0D ire ctions to pla ce s W ritethesew ordsandse nte ncesinyouro w nla ng ua ge . We use these verbs when we give directions: Go: Go down this road.
Turn: Turn left at the traffic lights.
Take: Take the first road on the right.
Continue / Carry on: Carry on up this street.
D atabase
October
W eusethesepreposit itions:
t*straiaht / straiaht straiaht ahead ahead
down
up. up.
_ _ _ _ — t
.
alona
* *
over
under
it n J l^ H
aUl Uoo
Uy / 1loaf loaf
IIU IIUa Ll u
opposite
in front of
behind
104
IV eu sethe see xpre ssio ion s(w ritethe sew o rdsInyourow nla n g u a g e ): as far a s ______ ___ ______ ____ _ until/ until/ til __________ l ______ ____ left __________ ______ ____ ______ ____ right __________ ______ ____ on the left __________ on the right ____ ou’ll see it i t ______ ___ ______ ______ ___ You can’t miss i t ______ ! ___ ______ ______ ___ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ You’ll
A n dthe sen o u n s: road ______ ___ ______ ____ _ street __________ junc tion ______ ______ ____ traffic lights __________ ___ ______ ____ _ _____ _____ junction _____ _____ turning __________ roundabout __ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ __ _
ft F oodsh o ppin g W ritethew o rd sinyou row nla n g u a g e .M a tchthepicture stothefoo d. Meat
□ _______________
veal □.
chicken □ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ ___
turkey □ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ ___
pork □.
D _______________
bacon □ ______ ___ ______ ______ ______ ___
lamb
ham ham
no
___ ______ ______ ______ ___ □ ______
Dsrtzabaee
beef
Fruit
apple
□
orange
n
banana
grapes
□
pear
□
pineapple □
cherry
□
peach
□
lemon
□
apricot
C
dates
□
fio
□
strawberry U melon
□
raspberry □
□
blackberry □
Vegetables
potato
□.
cauliflower □. cabbage lettuce
□. □
Datsat*ase
beans
□
broccoli □
peas
□
onion
□
tomato
□
cucumber □ leek
□
avocado □
1 2F urniture 1 W ritetheletters inthecorrect b o xe s.
a sofa (settee)
i sink o drawers
b armchair c table
j worktop p microwave
d carpet
k cooker
e bookcase
1oven
q dishwasher
f fireplace
m fridge
r washing machine
g mantelpiece
h curtains
n cupboard s tumble drier
&W ritetheletters In thecorrect boxes.
a wardrobe
h basin
114
b bed
i taps
Datsat& se
c bedside table
j shower
d lamp
k bath
e dressing table
I toilet /W.C.
m bidet
f mirror
g chest of drawers
n towel rail
o stool
1 3H e a lth W ritethesew ordsa ndsente nce sfnyourow nla ng u a ge . M e dic in e s Medicine can be:
tablets _____________________ p i l l s __________________ capsules __________ Take two tablets three times a day.
syrup, medicine
Take one 5mI spoonful of this medicine before meals.
ointment, lotion, cream
Apply this ointment to the affected area as needed.
U se ful w ordsa nde xpre ssion s a dose ________________________ dosage _
________________________ Do not exceed the stated dose. Once opened, keep refrigerated. _______________________ Do not use if the seal is broken. ____ ________________ ____ symptoms ________
If symptoms persist, consult your doctor.
once ________ twice __ _______ a course of tablets ________ antibiotics
T h efa ce
h i
j
k
head
hair
ear
eye
eyebrow
nose
lips
teeth
chin
cheek
neck
throat
T hebody
c m
---------------------------
n
f 9
shoulder
elbow
hand
thumb
bottom
stomach
groin
knee
foot
arm
wrist
finger
back
chest
side
leg
ankle
toe
What’s the matter? Ache: My head aches. I’ve got a headache.
My legs ache. My knees ache. I ache all over.
Pain: I’ve got a pain in my chest. I’ve got chest pains.
earache
_______________________ toothache
neck a c h e __ ________ ________ _____ shoulder ache backache __ ________ ________ _____ stomachache
116
Database
a pain in my stomach ______________________ a pain in my back
______________________
a pain in my s i d e ______________________ a pain in my groin
______________________
a pain in my leg
______________________
Strain: I’ve got eyestrain after driving all night _____ I’ve strained my shoulder, my wrist, my knee, my ankle.
W J o bs 1 D oy o uk n o ww h a tth e s ep e o p ledoPW ritetheJo b sinyouro w n la n g u a g e . accountant ____________ builder
____________
carpenter ____________
administrator ____________ bus driver
____________
civil engineer ____________
architect
________
businessman/woman ________ cleaner
________
____________
electrician
____________
IT specialist
________
manager ____________
mechanic
____________
plumber
________
receptionist ____________
salesperson
____________
shop assistant
________
taxi driver ____________
teacher
____________
technician
________
travel agent ____________
web designer ____________
designer
ork full-tim eorpart-tim er udoshift w orkr* 2D oyouw 9D oyo orkunsocial ho ursP D oyouw
Database
1 5N um be rs Cardinal numbers 1 one
2
two
3
three
4
four
5
6
7
seven
8
eight
9
nine
10 ten
six
five
11 eleven
12 twelve
13
thirteen
14
fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18
eighteen
19
nineteen
20 twenty
30 thirty
40 forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100
a hundred
101 a hundred and one
33 thirty-three
44 forty-four
55
fifty-five
66
88 eighty-eight
99 ninety-nine
1000 a thousand
sixty-six
10.000 ten thousand 20.000 twenty thousand 33.000 thirty-three thousand 40,400 forty thousand, four hundred 500.000 five hundred thousand 1,000,000 a million
Ordinal numbers 1st first
11theleventh
21st twenty-first
2ndsecond
12th twelfth
22ndtwenty-second
3rdthird
13th thirteenth
33rdthirty-third
4thfourth
14thfourteenth
44thforty-fourth
5thfifth
15thfifteenth
55thfifty-fifth
6thsixth
16thsixteenth
66thsixty-sixth
7thseventh
17thseventeenth
77thseventy-seventh
8theighth
18theighteenth
88theighty-eighth
9th ninth
19hnineteenth
99thninety-ninth
10thtenth
20th twentieth
100thone hundredth
118
22 twenty-two 77 seventy-seven
Dates 02/02/08 = the second of February, two thousand and eight 14thJuly, 1966 - the fourteenth of July, nineteen sixty-six
H owdow esaythesenu m be rsanddatesP a 3
b 14
c 40
d 22
e
105
f 97
q
15.000
h 432,000
i
337
1 3rd
k 31st
1 12th
m 42nd
n 101st
o 03/03/2003
P
14/07/1982
1€> V e r b s
R e gula rverbs /id/
Id /
It/
present
past
present
past
present
past
carry copy decide hate need start study visit wait
carried copied decided hated needed started studied visited waited
arrive call clean close die enjoy live love move phone play reply stay tried
arrived called cleaned closed died enjoyed lived loved moved phoned played replied stayed tried
cook crash finish help like pick stop talk walk wash watch work
cooked crashed finished helped liked picked stopped talked walked washed watched worked
Irregular ve rbs
infinitive
simple past
past participle
infinitive
be become begin break bring build buy catch choose come cost cut do drink drive eat fall feel find fly forget freeze get give
was/were became began broke brought built bought caught chose came cost cut did drank drove ate fell felt found flew forgot froze got gave went grew had heard hit held kept knew left lent let
been become begun broken brought built bought caught chosen come cost cut done drunk driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten frozen got given gone/been grown had heard hit held kept known left lent let
light lose make meet pay put read ring run say see sell send show shut sing sit sleep speak spend stand steal swim take teach tell think throw understand wake wear win write
go grow have hear hit hold keep know leave lend let
past participle | lit lost made met paid put read rang ran said saw sold sent showed shut sang sat slept spoke spent stood stole swam took taught told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote
1 7V e rb s+ pre positions to
belong to, listen to, speak to, talk to, write to
for
ask for (something), thank (someone) for (something), wait for
on
depend on, rely on
in
believe in
120
D atatzase
lit lost made met paid put read rung run said seen sold sent shown shut sung sat slept spoken spent stood stolen swum taken taught told thought thrown understood woken worn won written
P hrasal verbs
clean up get up hurry up look up pick up tidy up wash up
get out of bed be quick find information in a book or on the Internet, etc. collect someone from somewhere clean and make order in a place wash the dishes
on/off
put on / take off turn on / off switch o n/ o ff
dress and remove clothes put the power on or off put the power on or off
on
come on go on
be quick continue
for
look for
try to find someone or something that is missing
after
look after
take care of someone or something
at
look at
watch
up
make clean and tidy
1 3T hewe ather S un w ind rain a ndcloud
The sun’s shining. It’s sunny. It’s a sunny day. It’s dry.
The wind’s blowing. It’s windy. It’s a windy day.
Dsrtzabs&e
It’s raining. It’s a rainy day. It’s wet.
It’s grey and cloudy. It ’s a cloudy day.
Temperature
IV rfteth ew o rd sInth ecorre ct p la ce so nthesc a le . warm
cold
hot
cool
freezing
0 °C
boiling hot
mild
5 °C 1 0 °C 1 5°C 20°C 25 °C
40 °C
- h i n 111 h Ii t t i I iii 1111i i I m H m T h n r h n T h T 11111111m r i m r i Tm i n n f a r a l i i i i l i n i
/
122
D srtza ba se
/
Unit 1 gj"be.!H!E m 1 Verb
short form 1 Negative form
1
lam
Lm
I’m not
You
You are
You’re
You aren’t / You’re not
He
He is
He’s
He isn’t
She
She is
She’s
She isn’t
It
His
It’s
It isn’t
We
We are
We’re
We aren’t / We’re not
They
Thev are
They’re
Thev aren’t / Thev’re not
J Answers
Question Are you happy?
Yes, 1am.
Are you single?
No, I ’m not.
Are you single?
Yes, lam.
Are you English?
No, [m not-
How old are you?
I’m
Where are you from?
I’m from
Is your friend English?
Yes, she is.
Is your friend single? .... .. Is your car new?
...
No. she isn’t. No, it isn’t. Yes, jt is.
Is your car very old? Are your children very young?
Yes, thev are.
Are your parents in England?
No thev aren’t /t h e v’re not.
I’m not isn’t We’re
b isn’t
is I’m; I’m is
aren’t Is
d is h is
c 6 f 1 i 5 3
a 'iTi e ’m i is (’s) m are (’re)
b f j n
isn’t ’m is(’s) aren’t ( ’re
c g k o
is (’s) m are are (’e).
d ’m h is(’s) I are (’re)
123
Unit 2 A B
1 There are
1
a is e aren’t any
2 They are
3 There’s
4 There’s
b There are i There are some
c are some g Are; any
d isn’t
Yes, there are. No, there aren’t.
a c e g
There’s a photo There are some glasses There are some trainers There are some DVDs
a6 e3
b There’s a mobile phone d There are some keys f There’s a book
c7
b5 f 1
d8 h4
92
Unit 3 A lam (I’m)
I’m not
learning English.
You are (You’re)
You aren’t
working.
He is (He’s)
He isn’t
looking fora job.
She is (She’s)
She isn’t
movina house.
It is (im
It isn’t
rainina.
We are (We’re)
We aren’t
shopping.
They are (They’ je )
Thev aren’t
studvina.
B C
1 shopping 1 are; ing
1
a talking e taking i coming m speaking q going
2 moving 2 Are; ing
a is (’s) watching e isn’t working
b f j n r
living walking using having listening
b is (’s); going f Are; using
a Naomi’s talking on the phone. c AH and Malik are laughing. e Jan’s eating a sandwich.
124
Answer key
3 studying 3 Is; ing c g k o s
4 Is; ing; working moving studying doing eating
c am (’m) phoning g are (’re) moving
5 are; ing
6 are; ing
d getting h driving I shopping p phoning t staying d is (’s) starting h are (’re) having
b Jamie’s reading a paper. d Dee’s using a computer. f Beatriz is walking out / going out / leaving.
4
a b c d e f g
Naomi isn’t talking. She’s drinking coffee. Jamie isn ’t reading. He’s writing. Ali isn’t laughing. He’s eating a banana. Malik isn’t talking to Ali. He’s saying hello to Dee. Dee isn’t using her computer. She’s saying hello to Malik. Jan isn’t eating a sandwich. He’s reading a paper. Beatriz isn’t walking out / going out / leaving. She’s coming in with some shopping.
Unit 4 A
B
2
3 4
1study
1do not (don’t) study
English.
You work
You do not (don’t) work
part-time.
We go
We do not (don’t) ao
to the same college.
They go
They do not (dojTt) go
to work.
a do
b do
d do
ego
e don’t; work
f they do
a Where d live g don’t
b don’t drive e do you speak h study; do
c Do you take f do they usually go
a don’t d drive
b do; go e don’t; They; look
c like; do f Do; speak; No
i
don’t; drink
Students’ own answers.
a do you go
e do you get up
b do you do f Do you do
c Do you do / play g do you have
d do you live
Unit 5 A He drives He has
He does not (doesn’t) drive He does not (doesn’t) have
a taxi, a job.
She teaches
She does not (doesn’t) teach
at university.
It rains
It does not (doesn’t) rain
a lot in England.
Answer key
B
1 Does; does
1
a likes e drives i moves m lives q comes
2
one sound: drives, goes, flies, lives, moves, does, reads, learns, cries, comes, buys, takes two sounds: studies, carries, listens, washes three sounds: finishes
3
a comes e get
2 have
3 does; teaches
b teaches f goes j does n finishes r washes
4 Does; does c studies g flies k carries o cries s buys
b Does f play
d rains h learns I reads p listens t takes
c doesn’t g does; start
d have h Does he take
c He usually works g He usually has k he works o He likes
d He has h he goes I he gets up
\ doesn’t listen
4
a he gets up e drives i He takes m he doesn’t get
b he usually gets up f starts j He finishes n he doesn’t have
lit 6 B
1 Turn 2 walk
1
a Turn e Finish
b Don’t call f Phone
c answer g fill
d Don’t take
2
a2 e4 i 8
b7 f 3
c 9
g6
d 1 h 5
a go e Drink
b Stay f don’t eat
c Don’t get up g Don’t go
d Take h Call
3
3 Cross A take
5 Don’t take
lit 7 A 1
126
1 Where 2 How 3 Which 4 When 5 Who 6 Whose 7 Why a are e When
Answer key
b What f Whose
c How g How often
d Why
2
a What e When/What time i Who
4
5
c 5
a 9 e 7 i 8
a c e g i
b How f Which
//ow old are you? Mtai / time do you get up? l/V/70 do you live with?
Which colour do you prefer? How often do you work?
g3
d 6 h 1
c Whose g Where
d Why h How
b d f h j
What do you do? / What’s your job ? What do you have for breakfast? Why do you want to learn English? How do you spell your name? Whose car is that?
b Whose car d /
a / c I4ta7 does e Where is
Unit 8 A
1 I can’t; Can you
1
a understand e can’t i ask
b I can f Could I
c Can you g couldn’t
2
a Can e can’t
b can f Can; can’t
c can’t d can g can; can’t (can’t; can)
a couldn’t d could; couldn’t
b could e could
c couldn’t f could
2 can; Can I; I can’t make; I could come
d see h I can
a Could you post this letter, please? c Could you repeat your address, please? e Could I borrow your dictionary, please?
b Could I use your phone, please? d Could you turn down the television, please?
Can you speak a third language? Can you ride a camel? Can you cook? Can you draw?
Can you play the guitar? Can you ride a bike? Can you make a cake?
Answer key
Unit 9 A B
We’ve / They’ve / I’ve got; Have we got; I’ve / We’ve got; It’s got 1 Have; got; have 2 Has; got; hasn’t
a haven’t got e hasn’t got
c Have you got g they’ve got
b has got f hasn’t
d have h Has he got
i has
a She’s got toothache. c She’s got a headache. e He’s got a stomachache.
b He’s got neck ache. d She’s got an earache. f They’ve got colds.
a Have you got; have; I’ve got c Has she got; has; She’s got e Have you got; haven’t g Have they got; haven’t
b Have we got; have; d Has it got; hasn’t got f
ahave (’ve) got
Has he got; hasn’t
b haven’t got d has (’s) got; has (’s) got f have (’ve) got; haven’t got
c hasn’t got e have (’ve) got; haven’t got g have (’ve) got; hasn’t got
Unit 10 A
3
1 some; some; some
3 any
4 some; some; Yes
a some e some i any; any
b any f some
c any g any; any
d any h anything
a some e any i any
b any f any
c any g some
d some h some
(a-c, in any order) some houses, cats, people talking. (d-g, in any order) any gardens, trees, shops, children playing.
a some e any i any; any
128
2 any; any
Answer fce y
b any f any; any
c any g some
d some h any
Unit 11 A 1 With nouns we can count, we use howM<*Ay? How MdAy eggs shall we get? l o t of cakes. We use (k l o t for a large quantity. I want to make We use -few or not M ^y for a sm all quantity. Only
How mu ch?/ a little: money; time; coffee; petrol; orange juice; cash; sugar; information; English; sport; cola; meat; exercise; salad How many? /a few: lessons; times; students; children; tables; oranges; pounds; sports; onions; flowers
a students / children
b money /cash
c students / children / tables / flowers e meat/salad g sport / exercise / English i time
d English / information
a eggs / apples / sandwiches c orange juice / lettuce / cheese e cola g eggs / apples / sandwiches
f oranges / onions h times
b orange juice / lettuce d eggs / apples / sandwiches
f cheese / orange juice
4
3 much; lot 1 little 2many; lot 5 much; little; much 6 many; many
5
a a little
b How much
d a few
e How many
4 many; few; many
c a lot
Unit 12 A
1
1 cars; streets
2 buses
3 babies; boys
5 men; people; children
6 sunglasses
7 traffic
a e i m
b ladies
c days
d knives
f trousers
g k cities
h bags
o churches s cameras
p weeks
watches teeth banks sandwiches
q -
u gentlemen
boxes n eggs r shorts
j
4 wives
I mice t families
a woman e class i foot
b house f person j sheep
3 a / b keys f some new pyjamas g / a milk; bottles, milk c Some pyjamas; A pair of pyjamas e feet; Two pairs o f feet
c dish g loaf k child
d fish h party
c food h There are
d/ i people
e information
b eggs; A dozen eggs d sugar; spoonfuls; sugar f people; A group of people
Unit 13 A
1a 2 an; an 3 an hour 4 university 5 The; the; The university; the countryside; The office; the city aa f a k an
Pa
b an g an 1a qa
c a h a ma r a
e an j a o an
da i an n an s an
a an electrician c an hour e the University Hospital; a nurse g the new film; the cinema
b The food d the time f a nice house; The house; a garden
a 6 An actor works in a (the) theatre. c 1A lion is an animal. e 8 An artist works in a studio. g 5 A plane lands at an airport.
b d f h
4A waiter works in a restaurant 7 A chicken is a bird. 2 A dolphin lives in the sea. 3 A doctor works in a hospital.
a; an; a; an; a / the; a; a; an; the; the; the; the
Unit 14 A B
towns and cities; countries; stations and airports; schools and colleges; college subjects 1 fruit; vegetables; salt; fat; sugar 2 The children
a f The k The
130
b g The I -
c h m The
d The i n-
e -
2
a The talk was interesting. c The flowers were beautiful. e She ate the cake. b the f j The
ae The i 4
b The car drove up the road. d I sat by the window.
c g The k-
dhI the
Students’ own answers.
Unit 15 A
2
1 this; these
2 that; those
a this e This i that
b those f that; This
c these g those
d this h This
a these e this
b that f these
c this g that
d those
a This e That i these
b this; that f those
c that g this
d those h This
Unit 16 A Subject
Object
Possessive
I’ve got a flat.
It belongs to me
It’s mv flat.
It’s mine.
You’ve got a flat.
lt belongs to you.
It’s vour flat.
It’s yours.
He’s got a flat.
It belongs to him.
I t’s his flat.
It ’s his.
She’s got a garden.
It belongs to her.
It ’s her garden.
It’s hers.
We’ve got a house.
It belongs to us.
It’s our house.
It’s ours.
They’ve got a house.
It belongs to them.
It’s their house.
It’s theirs.
Answer key
1
a He
b She
cI
d We
2
a them
b him
c us
d her
3
a your
b her
c his
d their
4
a hers
b yours; mine
c ours
d theirs
5
a me; your
b His; my
c her; mine
d us; our
e They
e Our; their
Unit 17 A
1 blue; old; new 2 tall; good-looking; happy; good a I’ve got some new shoes. c She is wearing blue jeans. e There are black clouds in the sky.
b These eggs are fresh. d This is my youngest daughter.
a The weather is fine. c I am not happy. e The job sounds interesting.
b This room feels cold. d She doesn’t feel hungry.
3
a poor people b beautiful flowers d I am very hungry, e feeling happy
c looks very young
4
a She is hungry. b It tastes terrible. d They smell lovely, e Your news sounds exciting.
c He feels sad. f She looks beautiful.
Unit 18 A
3
1 slowly; badly; easily
2 well; fast; hard
c happily h badly m seriously
a slowly f angrily k heavily
b quickly g fast I dangerously
a/ d/ g/
b Please speak slowly. e Cheng works hard at his English. h Hamid plays tennis very well.
Students’ own answers.
d carefully i well n safely
e quietly ] hard o strongly
c/ f Petra laughs happily. i/
5
a5 d6
c 1 f 3
Unit 19 a on f in k at
b in g at I at
c on h in m on
d in i in n on
e at j on
2
a at; at
b at; on
c in
d at
e on
3
a at; in f On; at; in
b at; in; on
c On; at; in
d on; at; in
e On; at; in; on
c 6 h5
d8
e4
Unit 20 1
a3 f 1
2
a in f in
b in g on
c in h at
d on i at
e at
3
a on f a ti
b in
c in; in
d at
e on
Unit 21 1
a Yes, it is. c No, it doesn t It goes under the bridge, e No, it isn’t.It’s next to the chemist’s. g No, it isn’t.It ’s on the right. i No, it isn’t.It’s behind the supermarket,
2
a b c d e f g h
b Yes, it is. d No, there isn ’t. It’s in front of the bank. f Yes, it is. h Yes, it is. j No, it isn’t. I t’s behind the bank.
It’s next to the supermarket, behind the bank. The doctor’s surgery is behind the supermarket. The chemist’s is between the post office and the cafe. Yes, it’s in front of the bank. The bank is next to the supermarket. Yes, i t’s next to the chemist’s. The post office is on the right of the chemist’s, opposite the bank. Yes, the park is behind the supermarket.
3
b behind e behind; on the right
a in front of d by (near); on the g facing (opposite)
c under f in the middle, between
Unit 22 b7
1
a3
c8
d6
e1
f 5
g4
h2
2
a gets home e go to bed
b go to work f get on the train
c get to work g by bus
d works at home
3
a by e in
b at f on
c-
d on
Unit 23 1
a to e on
b for f off
c to g up
d up h after
2
a washes e tidies
b turns f belongs
c writes g takes
d depends
3
a on e on
b for f for
c on g up
d to
c8 h7
d6
e1
c Would
d Do
e would
Unit 24 A
1 do
1
1 d, f, h
2Would you like
3 What is it like
b, c, i, j 3 a, e, g, k 2
a3 f 4 3
a Do
Answer A ce y
b Do
4
a is (’s); like; It is (It’s) d What was; like; It was
b What are; like; They are / They’re e (What’s) What is; like; He is (He’s)
c What was; like; It, was
Unit 25 A
1 weren’t; was; were; weren’t
1
a were
2 Were; Was; Were; Were
b wasn’t g was
f wasn’t
a My mother was pleased to see me. c The shopping bill wasn’t correct. e Was she happy in her country? g Was Jan in class on Wednesday? a was; was d Was; was; was g Was; was; was
b Was; wasn’t; was e Was; wasn’t; was h Was; wasn’t; was
c Were
d was
e were
b The weather wasn’t sunny on holiday. d Were you tired after your journey? f Were they busy yesterday?
c Were; weren’t; were f Were; weren’t; were
Unit 26 A 1
1 started
2didn’t come
3Did; study
4 did
A d/: visited; started; needed; hated; decided; copied /d /: lived; phoned; arrived; died; moved; closed; called; cleaned; replied; stayed A/ : watched; washed; crashed; finished; walked; talked; worked; picked; cooked; helped; liked; dropped
2 a / eHe didn’t live
by f did you finish
c enjoy g/
d
/
3
a did; studied e did, talked
b did; arrived
c didn’t;rained
d did; helped
4
a Did; phone e Did; walk
b did; stay
c did; cook
d did; decide
Unit 27 A
1 went; saw; met; flew a did f left k ate p told
b g I q
2didn’t get
3 Did; have
A did
c got h drove m put
came sold slept spoke
r bought
2
a spoke c did; got e Did; didn’t understand
3
a had; did; go; went; did; do; saw; made; went; swam b did; do; didn’t do; went; saw; Did; go; slept; got; had; did; went
e took j made o read
d gave i understood n thought s sat
b know d did; do f Did; did;didn’t drive; went
Unit 28 A
1 ’II; go; won’t; ’II see 2’re going to have; ’m going to stay 3 are; doing; ’m meeting; are; coming; ’m taking
1 a
4 f 2
b6 g7
c1
d5
2
a ’s going to
b ’re going to
c ’s going to
d ’s going to
3
’m going; ’s taking; ’m staying; ’s picking; ’s looking; are; coming; are; going
e3
e ’re going to
Unit 29 A
1 must /have to; must/have to
1
a I must check my e-mails. b You mustn’t phone the office before 9 a.m. c I have to wear special clothes in my job. d When I was at school, I had to wear a uniform. e He doesn’t have to travel in his job. f You mustn’t smoke in restaurants in England. g I didn’t have to pay for the coffee because my friend paid for me.
136
2don’t have to
3 mustn’t
4 didn’t have to; had to
a3 e6
b7 \2
c1
g5
d8 h4
3
a mustn’t e mustn’t
b don’t have to f don’t have to
c don’t have to
d mustn’t
4
a mustn’t b do; have; have c have to; must e have to; didn’t have 1Did; have to; had to
2
d Do; have to; must
Unit 30 A
1 warmer; bigger 2busier 5 than; than
3 more comfortable; more expensive; more beautiful
4 better; worse
1
Short adjectives + ~er: darker; older; nearer; younger; shorter Short adjectives, double consonant: hotter; fatter; sadder; slimmer; fitter Adjectives ending with ~y: angrier; heavier; friendlier; easier Long adjectives: more comfortable; more important; more serious; more dangerous; more careful; more interesting
2
a faster e is nicer
3
a taller than b more serious than c better; than e is more careful than f is happier than
b more careful f worse
c than mine g than my old one
d better
d works harder than
137
Database 1.1
Do: the cooking, the housework, homework, the cleaning, exercise, the washing Go: swimming, jogging, fishing, travelling
aa cheese roll
b an orange juice e a mug of tea h a cappuccino k a baguette with egg mayo
d a piece of cake g a chicken salad sandwich j a milkshake
a T-shirt, jeans, belt, socks, trainers c shirt, tie, jacket, trousers, shoes
c a muffin f a toasted sandwich i a jacket potato I a black coffee
b blouse, sweater, skirt, tights, slippers
a 7 f 1 k 9
b5
8.3
a f k p
b India g Taiwan I Saudi Arabia q Argentina
9.1
Wednesday 3; Saturday 6; Monday 1; Friday 5; Sunday 7; Tuesday 2; Thursday 4
9.2
September 9; January 1; December 12; March 3; July 7; February 2; October 10; August 8; April 4; June 6; November 11; May 5
8.1
g 11
e 12 j 5
c 10 h 6
I 4
Egypt Brazil The Philippines Colombia
11.1 Meat: a chicken e veal
b lamb f beef
c Pakistan h Russia m Iraq r Indonesia
d Sudan i Morocco n Japan
c turkey
d pork, ham, bacon
c blackberry g fig k apricot o melon
d h I p
c cauliflower g peas k leek
d lettuce h tomato I cucumber
Fruit:
a banana e peach i grapes m orange
b 1 j n
lemon cherry dates pineapple
strawberry apple pear raspberry
Vegetables:
a broccoli e cabbage i avocado
Database
b onion f potato j beans
e Somalia j Thailand o America
1 2 . 1
12.2
The face a head e teeth i cheek The body a shoulder h ankle o thumb 15
18
b hair f lips j chin b back i toe p finger
c eye g eyebrow k neck
d nose h ear I throat
c stomach j chest q leg
d bottom k elbow
e hand I side
f groin m arm
g knee n wrist
x foot
a three b fourteen c forty d twenty-two e a hundred and five f ninety-seven g fifteen thousand h four hundred and thirty-two thousand i three hundred and thirty-seven j third k thirty-first I twelfth m forty-second n a hundred and first o the third of March two thousand and three p the fourteenth of July nineteen eighty-two freezing, cold, cool, mild, warm, hot, boiling hot
Database
Short vowels is get cat sun hot foot, put apply
I
e ce A D U
9
Consonants
f
bed do fun
g
go
b d
h k
1 m
Long vowels
n
P arm, calm we, see who, you four, saw bird, learn, word
a: i: u: d:
31
r
s t V
w z
Diphthongs
tf
ei ai
X
j i
au au 19
ea U9
aia aua
140
day, they five, why boy, point home, no house, now ear, here hair, where poor, tour fire flower
IJ 0 a
J 3 J
Key to pronouncfatfon
house cat look man no pound run sit talk van will zebra chip jam loch ring think this she decision yes
