EPIGENETICA

G|hngeèvhca

Ad kdend fds ùkvhods fgy aeds+ a g|hngeèvhca vgo/sg vdzeafd woa fas ázgas oahs |zdohssdzas g hevzhnaevgs fa chéecha% Hevhoaogevg khnafa ì ngeèvhca+ a g|hngeèvhca zgkachdea/sg cdo ogcaehsods fg zgnwkaîãd nèehca qwg+ qwaefd dcdzzgo fg mdzoa aeóoaka+ |dfgo gsvaz zgkachdeafds cdo d a|azgchogevd fg fh}gzsas |avdkdnhas+ cdod |dz gpgo|kd d caeczd% Sgnwefd Mghejgzn+ gevgefg/sg |dz g|hngeèvhca as odfhmhcaî÷gs ed ngedoa qwg sãd `gzfafas fwzaevg a fh}hsãd cgkwkaz g qwg eãd ge}dk}go akvgzaî÷gs ad eï}gk fa sgqwéecha fd FEA% Ds g|hngeèvhcds cdesvhvwgo vaojèo woa gp|khcaîãd |aza d macvd fg d oavgzhak ngeèvhcd sgz sgesï}gk a owfaeîas aojhgevahs+ sgefd a ca|achfafg fas mkdzgs mkdzhzgo ea \zhoa}gza g oaevgzgo/sg ‛afdzogchfas‟ ‛afdzogchfas‟ ed He}gzed+ wo gpgo|kd jgo hkwsvzavh}d fgsvg macvd% D ogcaehsod fg zgnwkaîãd g|hngeèvhca fg|gefg fa acvwaîãd fg fdhs macvdzgs+ edogafaogevg akvgzaî÷gs eas `hsvdeas (zgnwkao as mweî÷gs fa czdoavhea+ akvgzaefd a acgsshjhkhfafg fd FEA g ed |afzãd fg ogvhkaîãd fd FEA (as zgnh÷gs eãd ogvhkafas kdcakhyao/sg go ngegs fg vgchfd gs|gcïmhcd g go ngegs gssgechahs+ fg odfd a qwg gsvgs sgiao vzaesczhvds2 geqwaevd qwg as zgnh÷gs ogvhkafas gsvãd assdchafas ad FEA ‛shkgechdsd‟+ qwg acvwao cdo d hevwhvd fg cdevzdkaz ds gsvafds fheêohcds fa czdoavhea+ fg odfd a zgnwkaz a vzaesczhîãd fds ngegs% Akvgzaî÷gs ea gsvzwvwza fa czdoavhea hemkwgechao a gp|zgssãd fds ngegs+ |dhs qwaefd gsva sg gecdevza cdefgesafa+ dw sgia+ heacvh}a (FEA `h|gzogvhkafd+ ds ngegs gecdevzao/sg heacvh}ds2 |dzèo+qwaefd a czdoavhea sg gecdevza fgscdefgesafa+ hsvd è+ acvh}a (FEA `h|dogvhkafd+ `h|dogvhkafd+ ds ngegs sãd gp|zgssds% D gpgo|kd zgmgzhfd achoa+ d fas mkdzgs+ zgvzava jasvaevg jgo a acîãd fgsvgs fdhs macvdzgs+ }hsvd qwg |gsqwhsas sdjzg a |kaeva azajgva zg}gkazao qwg+ fwzaevg d He}gzed+ è|dca fg jahpas vgo|gzavwzas+ d mzhd fgsgecafgha akvgzaî÷gs ea czdoavhea+ qwg mhca cdefgesafa+ shkgechaefd ds ngegs zgkachdeafds cdo a mkdzaîãd% Cdevzazhaogevg+ ea \zhoa}gza+ gssgs ngegs sãd zgacvh}afds (czdoavhea fgscdefgesafa+ |gzohvhefd d a|azgchogevd fg mkdz% Ckazd qwg egsvg casd `á hemkwéecha fd oghd aojhgevg (macvdz gpónged+ |dzèo gsvgs gsvafds fheêohcds fa czdoavhea |dfgo dcdzzgz a|geas |gka acîãd fa akvgzaîãd fas `hsvdeas g fd |afzãd fg ogvhkaîãd fd FEA% @á owhvd vgo|d qwg sg sajg qwg akvgzaî÷gs ngeèvhcas gsvãd fhzgcvaogevg zgkachdeafas cdo d a|azgchogevd fg caeczd+ |dzèo só zgcgevgogevg ds chgevhsvas sg véo fgjzwîafd oahs sdjzg a ázga fa g|hngeèvhca g cdeckwïfd qwg aedzoakhfafgs g|hngeèvhcas vaojèo |dfgo cdefwyhz ad a|azgchogevd fg caeczd% G}gevds

1

g|hngeèvhcds cdod a odfhmhcaîãd fas `hsvdeas g a ogvhkaîãd fd FEA sãd ho|zgschefï}ghs ho|zgschefï}ghs |aza oaevgz a |zdnzaoaîãd cdzzgcva fa gp|zgssãd fds ngegs2 |dzèo+ egsvgs |zdcgssds fg cdevzdkd+ |dz }gygs+ dcdzzgo owvaî÷gs qwg cdefwygo a woa gp|zgssãd aeóoaka fg ngegs+ cdefwyhefd ì mdzoaîãd fg vwodzgs% Acvwakogevg+ d g}gevd g|hngeèvhcd oahs jgo gsvwfafd qwg amgcva fhzgcvaogevg d FEA+ kg}aefd a |zdjkgoas cdod d caeczd+ è a ogvhkaîãd% Sajg/sg qwg ds ngegs sw|zgssdzgs fg vwodzgs acvwao fg mdzoa a cdevzdkaz d chckd cgkwkaz+ hevgzzdo|gefd/d+ sg egcgssázhd+ |aza |zdcgfgz ì zg|azaîãd fg |dssï}ghs owvaî÷gs2 ogvhkaî÷gs egsvgs ngegs kg}ao ad sgw shkgechaogevd+ cdefwyhefd ì swa |gzfa fg mwechdeakhfafg% Dza+ sg ds ngegs sw|zgssdzgs fg vwodzgs eãd gpgzcgo a swa mweîãd+ gevãd eãd sgzãd ca|aygs fg zg|azaz as cèkwkas aeóoakas% Gsvas }ãd/sg acwowkaefd g akvgzaefd cafa }gy oahs+ vdzeaefd/sg gsvzae`as ad dznaehsod+ dzhnheaefd vwodzgs% Eds |zdvd/decdngegs (ngegs qwg gsvhowkao a fh}hsãd cgkwkaz fg mdzoa cdevzdkafa+ a `h|dogvhkaîãd |zdod}g d czgschogevd fgsdzfgeafd fas cèkwkas g a cdesgqwgevg mdzoaîãd fg vwodzgs+ }hsvd qwg eãd `á vgo|d |aza a fgvgcîãd fg aedoakhas% ]gzhmhcdw/sg qwg eas cèkwkas oakhneas+ cdo|azavh}aogevg ìs cèkwkas edzoahs+ `á odfhmhcaî÷gs zgkg}aevgs+ cdod+ |dz gpgo|kd+ a |gzfa fg ogvhkaîãd go decdngegs g go ngegs |zd/ogvasvávhcds+ acvh}aefd/ds (zgmgzhw/sg aevgzhdzogevg qwg zgnh÷gs eãd ogvhkafas cdzzgs|defgo a zgnh÷gs defg ngegs sãd vzaesczhvds+ g `h|gzogvhkaîãd go fh}gzsds ngegs+ vahs cdod ds ngegs sw|zgssdzgs fg vwodzgs+ ngegs fg zg|azaîãd fd FEA g ngegs hehjhfdzgs fg ogvásvasgs (zgcdzfa/sg qwg as zgnh÷gs ogvhkafas cdzzgs|defgo ads kdcahs defg sg gecdevzao ds ngegs ‛shkgechdsds‟

:

A g|hngeèvhca è+ |dzvaevd+ woa ázga qwg fg}g sgz zgkhnhdsaogevg gp|kdzafa+ woa }gy qwg a cdo|zggesãd fds ogcaehsods ge}dk}hfds ed shkgechaogevd g acvh}aîãd fg ngegs |gzohvhw a czhaîãd fg ed}ds vzavaogevds |aza fdgeîas cdod d caeczd% Acvwakogevg+ ds chgevhsvas gsvãd a a|dsvaz go vgza|has qwg wsao a g|hngeèvhca |aza a cwza fd caeczd2 |dzèo+ fg}hfd ì makva fg a|dhds+ sãd |dwcas as vgza|has go }hnéecha+ fgsvacaefd/sg as qwg véo ca|achfafg fg zgacvh}az ngegs shkgechafds+ cdod ds ngegs sw|zgssdzgs fg vwodzgs+ a |azvhz fa hehjhîãd fa ogvhkaîãd+ g as qwg mwechdeao go cdeiwevd cdo a qwhohdvgza|ha cde}gechdeak% Cdo hsvd vwfd+ d nzaefg djigcvh}d sgzá ohehohyaz ds gmghvds vóphcds go cèkwkas sawfá}ghs g assgnwzaz qwg gsvgs ogfhcaogevds a|geas avhengo as cèkwkas vwodzahs%

Cdecwzsd Fha fd FEA :<1: Mávhoa Nwgzzghzd+ 1:¹ A3 Jhdkdnha+ 1:¹ aed+ GSIAC / Va}hza

3