Ensayos Que Se Utilizan Para Hallar La Capacidad Portante de Los Suelos

MECANICA DE SUELOS II ENSAYOS QUE SE UTILIZAN PARA HALLAR LA CAPACIDAD PORTANTE DE LOS SUELOS ING. HUBERT COAYLA TICONA TEC. RAÚL ARMANDO MAMANI QUISPE VI

ENSAYOS QUE SE UTILIZAN PARA HALLAR LA CAPACIDAD PORTANTE DE LOS SUELOS | MECANICA DE SUELOS II

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ENSA$OS QUE SE UTILI%AN PARA &ALLAR LA CAPACIDAD PORTANTE DE LOS SUELOS

1.

EL ENSAYO DE PENETRA TRACIÓN IÓN ESTÁNDA NDAR A. B.

INTRODUCCIÓN INTRODUCCIÓN ENSAYO DE DE PE PENETRACIÓN IÓN ES ESTÁNDAR

2.

EL ENSAYO DE CARGA DE PLACA

3.

EL ENSAYO DE CORTE DIRECTO ECUACIÓN DE FALLA DE CORTE DE COULOMB







ENSA$OS QUE SE UTILI%AN PARA &ALLAR LA CAPACIDAD PORTANTE DE LOS SUELOS

Básic!"#$" #"c"si$!%s s&"' s(s c'c$"')s$ics *"+ s("+% , "s% s" c%!i"#- *"s*" + i#s"cci/# %c(+' 0s$ "#s,%s c%# !á1(i#s !(, "s"ci+"s 1(" $" ("*"# &'i#*' &'i#*' '"s(+$*%s c%# c%# !(, %c% "''%'2 "''%'2 "#$'" "++%s %*"!%s %*"!%s *"s$c'3

P' !("s$'s +$"'*s +$"'*s " i#+$"'*s3

E#s,%s ' c'c$"'i-' s("+%s3

       

G'#(+%!"$') L)!i$"s *" c%#sis$"#ci H(!"** #$('+ C+si4icci/# *" s("+%s P"s%s "s"c)4ic%s P%'%si** G'*% *" s$('ci/# R"+ci/# *" 5c)%s

E#s,%s "s"ci+"s      

T'i6i+"s C%'$"s *i'"c$%s C%#s%+i*ci/# P"s%s (#i$'i%s D"#si** i# si$( E#s,% *" + P+c

R"s(+$*%s   

Cci** *" s%%'$" *!isi&+" M/*(+% *" '"cci/# 7 As"#$!i"#$% "# "# s("+% S

8. EL ENSA$O DE PENETRACI'N EST(NDAR Es (# 0"''!i"#$ 9$i+ , 'ác$ic ' *"$"'!i#' + cci** *" s%%'$" *"+ s("+% s("+% L cci cci** ** *" s%%'$ s%%'$" " "s ($i+i($i+i-* * "# "+ *i!"# *i!"#si% si%# #!i" !i"#$% #$% *" +%s +%s







%$'s %$'s +i!i$ci% +i!i$ci%#"s #"s ,(*'á ,(*'á "# + i#$"''" i#$"''"$ci/ $ci/# # c%''"c$ c%''"c$ *" +%s '"s(+$*% '"s(+$*%ss *"+ "#s,%. A(#1(" s" *"#%!i# ="s$á#*'>2 "+ "#s,% $i"#" !(c0s 5'i#$"s , 4("#$"s *" *i4"'"#cis2 "# "s"ci+ + "#"'?) 1(" ++"? + $%! !("s$'s + c(+ *""#*" *"+ "1(i% "!+"*%2 %' +% 1(" s" "s #"c"s'i% +ic' 4c$%'"s *" c%''"cci/# ' "6'"s' +%s '"s(+$*%s "# 4(#ci/# *" + "#"'?) "#$'"?*.

A. INTRODUCCIÓN E+ "#s,% *" "#"$'ci/# "s$á#*' ' + *"$"'!i#ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" *!isi&+" *"+ s("+%. S" 0c" (# #á+isis c$(+i-*% c$(+i-*% *" +%s (#$%s !ás i!% i!%'$ '$# #$" $"ss s%c s%ci i*% *%ss + "#s "#s,% ,% *" "#" "#"$' $'c ci/ i/# # "s$á "s$á#* #*' '22 (s%s (s%s , s( +ic&i+i** "# "+ *i!"#si%#!i"#$% *" ci!"#$ci%#"s.

B. ENSAY ENSAYO O DE PENETRAC PENETRACIÓN IÓN ESTÁNDA ESTÁNDAR R D"&i*%  s( s"#ci++"- *" ":"c(ci/# "+ !<$%*% *" "#"$'ci/# "s$á#*' SPT @S$#*'* P"#"$'$i%# T"s$ T"s$ "s "+ !ás "c%#/!ic% , (s*% "# + "6+%'ci/# "6+%'ci/# *" s("+%s. E+ !<$%*% 0 si*% "s$#*'i-*% *"s*" 82 c%# 5'is '"5isi%#"s @ASTM D8 , c%#sis$" "# 0i#c' (# $%! !("s$'s '$i*% *" 8 i# @2 ! *" +'?% c%+%c*% + "6$'"!% *" (# 5'i++ A2 %' !"*i% *" (# "s% @!'$i++% *" 8 +& @2 J? 1(" s" *": c"' +i&'"!"#$" *"s*" (# +$(' *"  i# @2K !2 #%$#*% +%s ?%+"s #"c"s'i%s ' "#"$'' c*  i# @28 !. E+ 5+%' #%'!+i-*% *" "#"$'ci/# # "s ' 8 i# @2 !2 s" "6'"s "# ?%+"si" , "s + s(! *" +%s *%s 9+$i!%s 5+%'"s '"?is$'*%s. E+ "#s,% s" *ic" 1(" !("s$' ='"c0-%> si3 @ N "s !,%' *"  ?%+"s i#2 @& N "s i?(+  8 ?%+"si" % @c N% 0, 5#c" +("?% *" 8 ?%+"s.

A(#1(" s" *"#%!i# ="s$á#*'>2 "+ "#s,% $i"#" !(c0s 5'i#$"s , 4("#$"s *" *i4"'"#ci2 "# "s"ci+  + "#"'?) 1(" ++"? + $%! !("s$'s2 "#$'" +s c(+"s s%&'"s+"#3 8 E1(i%s '%*(ci*%s %' *i4"'"#$"s 4&'ic#$"s  Di4"'"#$"s c%#4i?('ci%#"s *"+ !'$i++% *" 0i#c2 *" +s c(+"s s%# +s !ás c%!(#"s "+ !'$i++% #(+' , "+ !'$i++% *" s"?('i**.  E+ c%#$'%+ *" + +$(' *" c)* (*i"#*% '"+i-'s" !#(+!"#$" % c%# !+c$" , s%?.  Si 0, % #% '"5"s$i!i"#$% i#$"'#% "# "+ $%! !("s$'s.  L +%#?i$(* *" + &'' "#$'" + c&"- *" ?%+"% , "+ $%! !("s$'s2  E+ *iá!"$'% *" "'4%'ci/#2 K L '"si/# *" c%#4i#!i"#$% "4"c$i5 s%&'" "+ $%! !("s$'s "# "+ (#$% *"







s"#$!i"#$%s "6c"si5%s 1(" %csi%#"# *%s  + "s$'(c$(' s%%'$*. E+ !<$%*% !ás c%#4i&+" ' %&$"#"' + cci** *" s%%'$" *" (# s("+% "s "+ '"+i-' (# '("& *" c'?. L '("& *" +c % "#s,% *" c'? *" +c "s (# '("& *" c!% ($i+i-* ' + "s$i!ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i! , "+ s"#$!i"#$% *" s("+%s. E# #("s$'% !"*i%2 + '("& *" c!% !ás ($i+i-* ' "s$i!' + cci** *" s%%'$" *" (# s("+% "s !"*i !"*i#$" #$" "+ E#s,% E#s,% *" P"#"$' P"#"$'ci ci/# /# Es$á# Es$á#*' *' 1(" 1(" '"s(+$ '"s(+$  s"' *"!si *"!si*% *% c%#s"'5*%'. E+ R"?+!"#$% Es$'(c$('+ *" P#!á REP i#*ic 1(" + cci** *" s%%'$" s" c+c(+'á ($i+i-#*% + "c(ci/# *" M","'0%4 ' + cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i!. Es$" 9+$i!% !<$%*% '"1(i"'" *" "#s,%s *" +&%'$%'i% ' *"$"'!i#' +%s 'á!"$'%s *" '"sis$"#ci *"+ s("+%. S" 0c" (# #á+isis c%!'$i5% *" +s cci**"s *" s%%'$" *" (# '"++"#% *" s("+% '"#%s%2 @'"# 'ci++%s c%# ?'5 %&$"#i*s ($i+i-#*% + '("& *" +c2 + '("& *" "#"$'ci/# "s$á#*' , + "c(ci/# *" cci** *" s%%'$" *" M","'0%4. Es$ '"# 'ci++%s c%# ?'52 %&:"$% *" "s$" "s$(*i%2 %s"" $#$% c'c$"')s$ics 4'icci%##$"s c%!% c%0"si5s !(, c%!(#"s *" #("s$'%s s("+%s. L !,%') *" +%s "s$(*i%s *" s("+%s '"s"#$# "s$i!ci%#"s *" + cci** *" s%% s%%'$ '$" " *" (# s("+ s("+% % &s &s*% *% "# +%s +%s '"s( '"s(+$+$* *%s %s *" +%s +%s "#s "#s,% ,%ss *" "#"$'ci/# "s$á#*' @#9!"'% *" ?%+"s c!. Es$ "s$i!ci/# ($i+i- (# "c(ci/# "!)'ic *"'i5* ' s("+%s '"#%s%s #% c%0"si5%s c%# (# #i5"+ 4'"á$ic% '%4(#*% , (# s"#$!i"#$% *!isi&+" *" 2 !!. Si"#*% "s$% s)2 #% $i"#" i#4+("#ci "+ $!% % *i!"#si%#"s *"+ ci!i"#$%. Es$ !"$%*%+%?) '"s(+$ s"' 'ác$ic "'% !(, c%#s"'5*%' "# + "s$i!ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" *!isi&+". E+ R"?+!"#$% Es$'(c$('+ *" P#!á REP i#*ic 1(" + cci** *" s%%'$" *"&"'á c+c(+'s" ($i+i-#*% + "c(ci/# *" M","'0%4 ' cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i!. P' 0c"' "s$% s" *"&"# c%#%c"' +s !?#i$(*"s *" +s c'?s i#5%+(c'*s2 +s *i!"#si%#"s *" +%s ci!i"#$%s , +s c'c$"')s$ics )#*ic"s , *" '"sis$"#ci *"+ s("+%. D" "s$ !#"' s" +%?' (# !":%' "s$i!ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" 4(#*!"#$* "# (# #á+isis $"/'ic%'ác$ic%. $"/'ic%'ác$ic%. E+ !<$%*% !ás c%#4i&+" ' %&$"#"' + cci** *" s%%'$" *" (# s("+% "s "+ '"+i-' (# '("& *" c'?. L '("& *" +c % "#s,% *" c'? *" +c "s (# '("& *" c!% ($i+i-* ' + "s$i!ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i! , "+ s"#$!i"#$% *" s("+%s. E+ '"s"# '"s"#$" $" '$)c( '$)c(+% +% $i"#" $i"#" c%!% c%!% %&:"$i %&:"$i5% 5% #+i#+i-' ' c%!' c%!'$i $i5! 5!"#$ "#$" " +s cci**"s *" s%%'$" *!isi&+" *" (# '"++"#% *" s("+% '"#%s% @'"# 'ci++%s %&$"#i*s ($i+i-#*% + '("& *" +c2 + '("& *" "#"$'ci/# "s$á#*' , + "c(ci/# *" cci** *" s%%'$" *" M","'0%4. Es$ '"# 'ci++%s2 %&:"$% *" "s$" "s$(*i%2 %s"" $#$% c'c$"')s$ics 4'icci%##$"s c%!% c%0"si5s !(, c%!(#"s *" #("s$'%s s("+%s #$('+"s.

2)

Es (# "#s,% *" c!% ' + *"$"'!i#ci/# *" + cci** *" s%%'$" ,







(# &'' i#!%5i+i-*. E+ '%c"*i!i"#$% *" "#s,% "s$á "s$#*'i-*% "# "+ !<$%*% ASTM D88. L '("& c%#sis$" "# +ic' c%# "+ ?$% 0i*'á(+ic% (# c'? '"5i!"#$" *"4i#i*2 %csi%##*% "# "+ s("+% (# s"#$!i"#$%. C(#*% "+ s"#$!i"#$% c"s s" +ic %$'% i#c'"!"#$% *" c'?2 '"i$i<#*%s" "+ '%c"s% 0s$ +c#-' (# s"#$!i"#$% !á6i!% "'!isi&+" *"+ s("+%2 S!á62 0s$ 1(" s" %&s"'5" + 4++ "# "+ s("+% % 0s$ +c#-' + cci** !á6i! *"+ ?$% 0i*'á(+ic%. L%s 5+%'"s *" i#c'"!"#$% *" c'? s%# !"*i*%s %' (# !#/!"$'% c%#"c$*% c%#"c$*% + ?$% 0i*'á(+i 0i*'á(+ic% c% , +%s s"#$!i s"#$!i"#$% "#$%ss %' *"4%'!)!" *"4%'!)!"$'%s $'%s (&ic*%s (&ic*%s s%&'" + +c *" c'?. E+ '"s(+$*% "s (# c('5 c'?s"#$!i"#$%. E+ '%c"*i!i"#$% ASTM D88 c%#si*"' c%!% cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i! ' + +c *" c'?2 c'?2 1(+$ @+c2 @+c2 + c'? c%''"s%# c%''"s%#*i"# *i"#$" $"  (# s"#$!i"#$% s"#$!i"#$% *"+ 8 *"+ *iá!"$'% *" + +c. L Ec(ci/#  "'!i$" *"$"'!i#' + cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i! ' s("+%s '"#%s%s. L cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i!2 1(+$2 s" c+c(+  '$i' *" + cci** *" s%%'$" 9+$i! *"+ "#s,% *" c'? *" +c2 1(+$ @+c.















Y ' "+ cs% *" "!+"'s" (# -$ c(*'*2 '%%#"3

C%!% "s s&i*% +%s 5+%'"s

T"'-?0i T"'-?0i +%s "s$&+"c" "# 4(#ci/#

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E6is$" *"!ás2 (# i!%'$#$" 4c$%' 1(" $!&i<# *"&"'á s"' $%!#*% "# c("#$2 c%!% "s + %sici/# 1(" %c( "+ N.A.F. @#i5"+ *" ?( 4'"á$ic2 "# '"+ci/# c%# + '%4(#*i** *" *"s+#$" *" + -$ '%("s$. R. Es$#%+2 "s"'% 1(" "# "s$s %cs +&'s2 0, c%#s"?(i*% c+'' +?(#s *" s(s *(*s '"s"c$% + $"!2 "+ c(+ ("*" s"' !(, !+i%. D"&i*%  1(" "s$" $"! 0 *"s"'$*% !(c0% i#$"'
*)

I!%#" s%&'" (# s("+% +s c%#*ici%#"s i*"+i-*s *"+ "#s,%. O s"2 i#*(c" + %c(''"#ci *" (# 4++  $'5
 #  P5 A

$ 4  P0 A

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ECUACIÓN DE FALLA DE CORTE DE COULOMB E# 8KK C%(+%!& %&s"'5/ 1(" si "+ "!(:" 1(" '%*(c" (# s("+% c%#$' (# !('% *" c%#$"#ci/# '%*(c" (# +i?"'% !%5i!i"#$% *"+ !('%2 "# "+ s("+% 1(" "s$á '"$"#i*% s" 4%'! (# +#% *" *"s+i-!i"#$% "s"#ci+!"#$" '"c$%. E+ %s$(+/ 1(" + + !á6i! '"sis$"#ci '"sis$"#ci + c%'$"2 τ 2 "# "+ +#% *" 4++ "s$á ** %' τ  

c  σ $# $# ϕ

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