Eng Tamil Dict Lockwood

BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)'*"

LOCKWOOD *

sorrsisiiiL/ r K_

f f

^

Abbreviations Used

acc. = accusative (case) n. = noun, nominal adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case) adv; = adverb opp. = opposite agrie. = agriculture p. = participle art. = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle astron. = astronomy pi. = plural bio. =ibiology pol. = polite: (or politics) bot. = botany poss. = possessive (case) conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun esp. = especrally reflex. = reflexive excl. = exclusive respect. = respectful f. = feminine (gender) V. respect. = very respectful fam. = familiar (address) sing. = singular gen. = general s.o. = someone hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil incl. = inclusive sth.= something mstru. = instrumental (case) suf.= suffix inter]. = inteijection temp.= temperature' interr. = interrogative v. = verb irr. = irregular v.i. = verb instransitive irrat.= irrational v.t. = verb transitive m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case)

BASIC TAMIL DICTIONARY English-Tamil (this side) Tamil-English (other side)

LOCKWOOD *

su/TcSSi/il

Tambaram Research Associates MCC, Tambaram, Madras 600 059

Copyright © 1994: M. Lockwood

INTRODUCTION This dictionary of 'basic Tamil' has been compiled primarily for English speaking persons who are learning Tamil - though it is hoped that others may find it useful, too. The Tamil vocabulary here is approximately two thousand words. The selection of this vocabulary has been influenced by the Voice of America's 'Special English' one-thousand-word list. The Tamil vocabulary is given both in the Tamil script and in transliteration. The method of transHteration used is a modification of the system used in the Tamil Lexicon (University of Madras). The following table gives the letters which are 'initial' vowels (i.e., vowels which begin a word):

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Hi

. The Initial Vowels

The consonant letters a, #, L_, ^, u, and p are pronounced differently in different positions in a word. At the beginning of words, the first five of these letters are pronounced roughly as k in '/dn'; as s in '^in'; as t in 'rin'; as th in 'fMn' (but as a pure plosive, with no air escaping past the tongue at the start of the word); and as p in 'pin'. The consonant p (r) never begins a word.

^ =a (the short a, as in 'among') ^ - a (the long a, as in 'alms') = i (the short i, as in 'in') fF -1 (the long I, as in 'machine') a- -u (the short K, as in 'pat') s§s = u (the long ii, as in 'rwby' or 'Zulu') 67 = e (the short e, as in 'etiquette') 67 = e (the long e, as in 'etude') g = ai (a diphthong, as ai in 'aisle') 9 = 0 (theshort, clipped o, as in'opaque') g = 0 (the long d, as in 'owe') s^srr - an (a diphthong, as ou in 'owch')

When doubled within words, the first five of these letters, with the exception of 93= (echo), are pronounced similarly. The exception, (echo) as in ^s^ffSLD {acchagam), is pronounced approximately as the ch m 'cAum'. As transliterated in this dictionary, (rra) as in wpip (marra) is pronounced approximately as tra in the word 'tradition' (the r sound is rolled).

iv

V

Intervocalically, that is, with vowels in front and back of any one of these consonant letters (e.g., «in ^xLD [agam]): -ffi- is pronounced as a fricative g; -3=-is pronounced as s in '.jin'; - iL- is pronounced as dm 'ma
When directly preceded by a nasal, these six letters («, L_, ^, u, and are voiced. E.g.: - fBJsi - = - figa - (s^a: - = - nja - ssarL- =

-

- nda

-

- = - ntha - = - mba - ekp - = - nra - (the nr is pronounced like the ndr in 'unrfress', with the r slightly rolled) With two exceptions, the rest of the letters (which are semi-vowels) are relatively straightforward in their pronunciation: lu (y) as in 'y&s' 0- (r), a rolled r GO (Z) as in 'Zevel' sij (v) as in 'very' The two exceptions are: (£), a fricative, retroflexive I quite peculiar to Tamil and some other Dravidian languages sfr (Z), a retroflexive I - LDU

vii

Finally, there are in general usage six letters borrowed from the Sanskrit Grantha alphabet

The complete Tamil alphabet, in proper order, together with the transliterated sounds associated with each letter, is given as follows:

(whose sounds are fixed and do not vary according

s

to their position in the words):

rsi n

^

=

J as in

® FF

7ar'

sijf =

^ (a retroflexive 5)

ehi -

5 as in '>jin'

isk) -

A as in 'Aug'

= usf =

(a conjunct of k and s) M (a conjunct of ^ and r plus the medial vowel i) ( i as in 'j/zame')

k,g

pr r

s,chj

i •

(SJ n

I

dj y

d) / si/ V

a_

u set U

iL

GT

e ^ e

^ ^

th (voiced & unvoiced) n

S

u

p,b

9

0

t,d

em n

LD m

y> I

or I

P r ^err au sir n Along with each verb, appearing in this dictionary in its imperative singular form, are given in parentheses its infinitive and converbial (or 'adverbial' participle): QsrrSi kodu {Qairr(S)s;s;, QsrrQt^^)

viii.

ix

a c c i d e n t (chance happeniug)

A a, a n (art.), one (adj.) -

tharcheyal

«p(75 oru

Acknowledgments

a c c i d e n t a l (adj.) -

a b a n d o n ( v . t ) ; let go -

I wish to thank ITuru M . Lakshmanan, of Serkkadu, Walajabad, who read through several rough drafts of this dictionary and made helpful comments. I also wish to thank Mr. S. Ramakrishnan for his assistance and Mrs. Usha Krishna for going through the original final draft and carefully checking the entries. Any anomalies are entirely my responsibility. I have sometimes deliberately departed from strict alphabetical order for word-family grouping reasons.

S!SI«Q5)(5)

kaividu

tharcheyaldna

(-aS)l_, -fflflCSl)

a c c i d e n t a l l y (adv.) -

able (be able) (aux. v.) (tpuf-lLlLD

tharcheyaldga

mudiyum

a c c o m p a n y (v.t.) -

be u n a b l e (aux. v.) -

Qjus^iurr^

si^l—LiGufT

mudiydthu

^psnLDtunesr

accomit(s) (n.); c o m p u t a t i o n -

thiramaiydna

dsswffi(g

ability (n.) ^pes)LD

M.

Lockwood

s^ifliurresr

• Note: A section on Food is in the middle of the book.

sariydna

a c c u r a t e l y (adv.) —

nirai

s:fr\iuiT
about (prep.), concerning -

SrLDlTrTn's

sariydga

a c c u s e (v.t.) -

U/D/75) p a r r i

(ffjPpLDfFnC® (-<3^ffL.L_,

QjsiS) GLDGSO

vali

mele a c h e (v.i.), hurt -

accept (v.t.) —

^^^isQs/rsrr

kurramsam /7)

(make) a c h e (v.t.), hurt -

sumdrdga

above G u ) s b mel,

kanakku

a c c u r a t e (adj.) —

thiramai

a b o u n d (v.i.), be full -

njlsm/o

kuda-p-po

(- Gurrs, - Gumii)

able (adj.) -

a b o u t (nearly) (adv.) -

Tambaram

(3;5/T

otthukkol

no

{-Qsiraretr, -Qarrtisr®) a c h e (n.), pain -

accident; calamity (n.) eSlu^^

X

-

EUSiS) vali,

vibatthu

1

GrsfTexj

novu

achievement (n.) flT^anssr

administration, r u l e ^CSl

sddhanai

across (prep, or adv.)

rSlireimaih

@ f f ! y « G « kurukke

{-Qsirareir,

act (v.); do - .

-

Qs^ff

SITlfliULD

f r i g h t f u l l y (adv.) -

QmoieS)

uujraia;[TLDrrai

affect ( v . t ) un^

payahgaramdga

kariyam

a f t e r (adv.), t h e n -

-

^LJLjpLb

pdthi

^eJfTLf

ser

Ga:^

(G*!7««,

-

aii.iL.Qt kuttu (fflvi' I , « u l . i f ) «>.L.L_
^l^a

advance (money); d e p o s i t (LpesruemLD

munpariam

g i v e an a d v a n c e -

qpeitusmih

mugavari

munpanam

-

QsinQ\

kodu

(- Q«/r@)««, -

• QanQi^gi)

a d v a n c e (v.), progress -

saripadutthu

(ipeijQGST^ a d j u s t m e n t (n.) -

{(LpauGewip,

munneru (LpanGeifr^)

L/^^(u)@)

2

LSIeir pin, LSGSTLI

-

ISSBTOSST

uiu^^Qg

-

iBlpuasM

payanthiru

^a^ffWrresT uiULDn'esr

buddhi(mathi}

UlUfBiaip'LD

pirpagal

affer-svards —

(-g)(i5««, - © O S S ' )

^l^&tu

pinnale

a f t e r n o o n (n.)

iSipurr®

a f r a i d (adj.), f e a r f u l uiu^^

pinnal,

LSlekssmGeO

(^(gff, ^(gffl)

pinbu,

pinne,

iSiasTasrrTso

anju

be a f r a i d (v.)

kalitthu

a f t e r ( t i m e ) ; above -

anbdga

L5)ff3@

aiijiya,

pirpddu, piragu

a g a i n (adv.) LCin;i]LJU).U-ILD

payantha, acchamdna,

LSemQiiii

payamdna

s o m e t h i n g f r i g h t f u l (n.)

a d v i c e (n.) — saripadutthuthal

affectionately, lovingly

aijfi^^

-

anbana

^esTUrrai

appuram

cSi/L/qptb after —

anbu

b e a f r a i d (v.); fear -

vayathu-vanthor

a d d i t i o n (n.) ( i n arithmetic) address ( o f residence) -

((5#!r, CdFjj-jE^)

a d u l t (n.); e l d e r -

Qsfi^)

a d d (v.t.); gather u p ; collect

ser

appuram

a f t e r ( b e y o n d i n space) -

affectionate, k i n d , loving

be a d m i t t e d (v.i.) -

a d d (v.t.); j o i n -

ffi^uQi^^

-

affair, m a t t e r -

^ekiurresr unmaiydga

s_eiisrss)LDUJfTS

adjust (v.)

(- Qmeoai,

payangaramana

sol

anumathi

a d m i t (v.t.) -

nadigar

(Lpsevifl

buddhi(mathi)

affection, kindness, love -

seyal

a c t u a l l y (adv.) -

sir

-Offl/rsw®)

^emiLnSl

a c t i o n (n.) -

Qff^

otthukkol

a d m i t ( v . t ) , get a d m i t t e d -

Qs^iLl sey (Qa^iuiu, Qsiugf)

rElSf-'Spr

nirvdgam

s^^§]SiG\ai!Tea

rsts^ nodi (jsist-ss, !Bisf.0§i)

actor (in drama)

management-

a d m i t (accept) (v.t.) -

act (v.); dance -

Qs^iuso

uturajmrruDrrasr

administration,

-

f r i g h t f u l (adj.) -

advise (v.Lj—

Stchi

marupadiyum,

intndum

a g a i n and a g a i n (adv.) — ^iq.a;ans{.

-

UisO(lfi0S)p

payahgaram

3

adikkadi, palamurai

against (adv.), opposed to wrriprra; mSraga, si^pTTtX ethirdga age (years old) aJiU§l vayathu era (n.) aireOLD kalam agitate (v.L); move; shake ^ « f ) f f asai be agitated; move; shake (v.) ^ana' asai (j^enffiu,

^mir^gi)

agitate (emotionally) (v.t.) < S S U « ; @ kalakku (asuffis, «£U*g))

be agitated (emot.) (v.i.) i5SUEJ(g kalahgu (
agriculture (n.) eSleufffTiULD vivasSyam, GeverrfremanLD velanmai aid (n.) -

S-^eSl

aid (v.L) S-^eSl

ffLDLD^^^)

agree with ( v . ) e^^gjaQsrrist otthukkol

Gl3=dj uthavi sey

(- G)*iuiu, - Qsiugi) aim (v.L), to point at -

^f^urrpr

kuripar

aim (n.), purpose, goal (ggS hurt,

Ufra/ti)

pavam

alike (adv.) —

epuurrs

GunGeo


karru

a i r p o r t (n.) —

a_(z5)(5L_Mr

^S^ffiJD

payam, accham

be alarmed (v.i.), frightened thidukkidu 0 ® « £ ) i _ , ^(ilffig)L-0)

{-Qsazheff, -Qds/7eMrCp)

alas! (interj.) ^GiUfT aiyo

agreement (n.); contract epLJU^^LD oppantham

4

uyirudan,

S-erretT uyir ulla all, all kinds "ofSTsbsufT

ells,

ellavithamdna all (things) (n.) ellam

all (people) (n.) sreoeonqfiLCi

ellSrum,

STSwGsua'(5Lb elldrum all (whole) (a.) -

vimana nilaiyam alarm (n.), state of alarm uiULh

oppSga, pole

alive-

STsbsonii (seyal) nokkam air (n.), w i n d -

ago (adv.) (LpesTLf munbu agree (v.) < ? U ) L D ^ sammathi (tftiiD^a;^,

uthavi -

alas!, misfortune; sin -

(Lp(tgeu^uo muluvathum allo-sv (v.t.); leave; let go a5)(51 vidu (a5)t_, O S I L - ® ) aUov? (v.t.), permit r ^ C T / L p S i ) anumathi (<^@UU)^««, ^w,su^i,gi) almost (adv.) SllLi—^^ClUttatthatta,

alms (u.) l3
konjam kuraiya 5

always; forever -

ereJsrgiILD enrum

always; ever-

6TS5rs!npa;@)Lb

ambassador (n.) ^fipf

enraikkum

dhuthar

ambition (n.) Lj^SLpiTJ'aJUi

Gufrrr^suLD

pugalSrvam, perarvam

amend (v.L), emend; correct^(§^§1

thirutthu

among (prep.) s-sir ul, S-enQerr ulle, ^es)L^u5i
idaiyil,

^es)L-Guj

idaiye

amount (n.), measure; limit^ensij

alavu

amount (n.); anthology Qssfrems thogai amplification (n.); details si5)sx/ini vivaram anarchy (n.) — (^LpUULD

kulappam

ancient (adj.) thonmaiyana,

ULpemLDturresr

palamaiyana

and (conj.) -a_ib ... -a_Lb -um... -um, LDipgiJLD

marrum

anger (n.) GarruiM kobam be angry (v.i.) GsrruLDfrs ^ ( T J kobaindga iru

(- i)(!5««, - ^mm)

anger (make angry) (v.t.) GSITU^LL®

kobamuttu

(-safL.(_, -ssnCis).)

angry (adj.) GsrTjjQfisrrerr angrily (adv.) GaUTUWlTSi

kobamulla ksbamaga

angle (n.); comer GsnemLB konam animal (n.) -

LSl(t^mLD mirugam,

LSlrrtreissfl pirani anklet (silver) (n.) Qarra^Sr

kolusu

anniversary (n.) ^isisr® eS\Lpn andu vila announce (v.t) ^n5)si5)

arivi

(^j5)a5)««, ^jS)aS)^^) announcement (n.) — 6 ^(^eSluLf arivippu

another (of the same) (adj.) - ant (n.) ^CsKSsWfrCfJ inndru. er^LDi-i erumbu another (different) (adj.) antiqxiity (n.) Gevg) vera, ULpemLD palamai, GajGplTQ^ veroru another (of the same) (adj.) - yfieumnetiLD purvakalam any (adj. & pron.) LDipro marra, LDirj maru, ^ ^ f r s u ^ ethdvathu, LDpGpfTq^ marroru eJG^^La ethenum, another (person) er^sijlh ethuvum, wppeupi marravar, ujnQ^rT(§ yathoru GeilGpn'(ii^evp' veroruvar anybody (pron.), anyone another (thing) (n.) lunrjrTsy^ yaravathu, Gsi/Gpffswgy veronru STSuGprgyLo evaremim answer (n.), reply anyone (pron.), everyone u^so pathil, LDgu^Lnrrifi

marumoli

LDgnQiarTifi

Qa^rrei}

luiT(§Lh yarum

answer (in exam.) (n.), reply - nobody (pron.) eSleini— vidai yarum illai answer (verbally) (v.) anyhow (adv.) — marumoli sol (- QfffTaJoi,

- Q{FiTa)eSI);

sfflfflDi— Qmeo

vidai sol;

u ^ s b Qs^irei) bathilsol answer (in writing) (v.) bathil

eluthu

(- «7(yi^, - «r(^)^)

eppadiyenum

anything (pron.) — (urrGfies}llM

ydthSnum

anything (pron.), whicheversT^syii ethuvum anyway (adv.) eruuiq-turriiSls^lih eppadiyayinum

7

anywhere (adv.), somewhere eTfSjGsiurrajgl engeyavathu anywhere (adv.), wherever^lilGsiLjlJo ehgeyum apologize, ask forgiveness wasTss^uLi Gserr mannippu kel

appointment (n.) -

rSllULDStsnh niyamanam, ff^^uq santhippu

a p p r o a c h (v.i.); reach; get adai

a p p r o a c h ; reach; join with Gff/f ser (Cffjr, Qst^gi) (- G«il«, - Csilg)) apology (n.), asking forgive. - a p p r o a c h (v.i.) (o)/50ffi/@ nerungu mesrasflLjq QmiLL^eo (GliBtsmia, QjBdSiiiSi) mannippu kettal approval (n.) appeal (for help) (v.) SFLDUD^LD sammatham (LpempuSQ) muraiyidu approve (v.t) (((/)anj)u5lL_, (LpenpuSICQi)

appeal (n.) Geuem(S)Q'SrTerr

sammathi

a^LOLO^

vendukol

{-QarreheiT, -Qa/rcHr®)

approximately (adv.) aLDfTp'

sumar,

kittatthatta

SIILL-^^LLL^

area; region; portion -

amLS) katchi

paguthi, uijULf parappu,

appoint (v.t.) -

liltULSI niyami

fi0auuu@@

appoint (to a job) (v.t.) GejesxsosiULDp'^gl velaikkamanthu

urjLJULpeij

a r g u e (v.) -

nilappaguthi, parappalavu

eiirr^iT® vathsdu

8

(e&)eu[r{siis

(vi)vatham,

arrival (n.) — suq^es)ai euq^^et)

varugai, varuthal

QJlT^frQl^A> vathaduthal a r m (n.); hand -

arrogance (n.) —

trunk (elephant) (n.) -

a r r o g a n t (adj.) -

army (n.); troops; force —

arrogantly (adv.) -

aroimd —

a r t (n.) -

OTcS kai

^^setnsi

thuthi-k-kai

uani—

padai

surri,

a-p^&^Lb surrilum arrange (v.t.) —

Q
(- Qsihiu, -

sammatham therivi (- Q^iHeSIss, - Q{iiflsSI0gi)

appear (v.); s e e m G^fTekgU thonru (G^/rrarn), CS^/rswjB) appearance (n.); scene G^rrppib thorram,

argument (n.) —

(-u®^, - u g ) ^ ) arrangement, preparation erpurrCS) erpa4u arrest (stop) (v.t) -

rSt^^SI

nirutthu

arrest (take into custody) esi^x^ QfFUj kaithu sey

(- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugi)

arrive (v.i.) QJ/jg/ G«r

vanthu ser

SpreilLD

karvam

aipeylLBfTeST

karvamana

S^euLorrs

karvamdga

assDSU 'kalai,

^0^rrLO chitthiram artist (n.) ^ofllL/ir oviyar, chitthirakkSrar

as (conj.) uu^ujaec padiyaU ^esTUU^iurreO ^emaiums:

anapadiyal, agaiyal

as, in accordance with UU^GlU padiye as, l i k e -

LD/7^/fl mdthiri, ^UUlSj-GlU appadiye

ascend (v.i.), go up GLDGSV

(- CSffjr, - Gffpii®/)

Q3=
male sel

(- Qa^su, - Qa^swnjj)

P

ascend (v.i.), enter (vehicle) -

astonish (v.) -

attend, wait on, look after sieuetfl kavani

<^g)J em (,^0), ^nSI)

ash (n.) ffnihueo sambal ask: listen; obey (v.) G s c r r kel ( G « L . « , Gatl®) asleep (adv.) gffSSLDfTS thukkamaga assemble (v.i.) OidLQi kum (ffijlL,

acchariyamuttu

astonishment (n.) ^#5=ffluj/i

acchariyam

astonisliing (adj.) acchariyamana

astonishingly (adv.) -

ffijll^)

assist ( v . ) O-^'sSl Qffuj

(«61/C3fl«
(-afiTL,!—, -aaiLLuj.)

uthavi sey

(- Qffiuiu, - QiFtujy)

-g)sb

-n

atmosphere (n.) -

assistance (n.), help (gy)n5)s!f)(SU sulnilai S-^aSl uthavi atom (n.) — assistant (n.), h e l p e r r^smi aim S-^eSliurreirp^ uthaviySlar, attack (v.L) gieinem{ajp) thuriai(var) ^lTm(g thdkku {^iTsx, 0rTaSl) association; corpn.; pol. party attack (n.) — XLpaih kalagam ^rT thakkuthal, association, society, union er^p'uq ethirppu fliiaih sangam attempt (n.); effortassurance (n.) — (Lpiup^ muyarchi uruthi attempt (v.) assure (v.) (lfilUp& QfFiU S-gU^ Qff^iu uruthi sey muyarchi sey (- Qsiuiu, - Qffiligj)

(- Qsiuiu,

10

-

Qffiu^)

{^(LffUU, €TlLgUl3)

sisuesfl^^)

attention (n.), heeding aeiissTLO kavanam pay attention (v.) dssi/ssfl kavani a u n t (n.), father's sister; mother's brother's wife — ^^es)^

acchariyamaga

at (prep.) -

a w a k e n (someone else) (v.t.) ST(LpULl eluppu

atthai

a u n t (n.) LDmSI mami a u t h o r ; editor; t e a c h e r ^&lfluj^

asiriyar

a u t h o r i t y ; power; command rS>l^
ej(L0^gi)

away siSlsuS) vilagi, gUff dhUra, Q^nemeoeSieo

tholaivil

B b a b y (n.); c h i l d (gLp^ans^ kulanthai b a c k (of one's body) (IfiSKS "^"ihugu b a c k (general) (n.) -

iSdr pin,

iSleirnpLD pinpuram b a c k ( w a r d ) (adv.) LSIeir pin, ^(§LDISI thirumbi, ^(§ULSI thiruppi (w/ v.t.) b a d (adj.); s p o i l e d ketta b a d m a n (n.) Q(5JL.t_eus5r kettavan b a d (situation, etc.) (n.) — Qwrrs^LD mosam b a d (adj.) QiDtTS^Lorresr mosamSna b a g (n.) E n u pai

11

baggage (n.) fflTLDmAt

bank (shore) (n.) -

saman

saniT

balance (v.t.); compare -

karai

bank (financial) (n.) suffiyS)

^Qt

balance (remainder) (n.) -

^14.

panthu

aiMiS

ballot (n.) -

CSI/LDL/LLLISW fSrre&^sir

^ S i n t _ Qftu

thadaisey

(- Qffiuiu, - Slffiiigi) ban (n.) ^eini_ tliadai ban order (n.) -

^Lq,

valai

evrranifiLJULpLD

^Lq.uus;sih

adi-p-pakkam

baseless (adj.) -

valai-p-palam

kdranam

bangle (n) -

(paravai)

beard (n.) ^mq.

kidiyal

arai

battle (n.); w a r -

Qunir par battle (v.) -

^u^uues)L-

12

dhadi

beat (v.t.), h i t ^14.

adi

beauty (n.) ^Lp(g,

sandai pannu ffessremi— GurrQi saiidai podu (- Gum-, - Guml.&) be (v.i.); become-

alagu

beautiful (adj.) ^LpsiiresT

^LpSllu

alagana, alagiya

because (conj.), f o r i^jQesresTprrA)

enenral

just because of that athanalthan

on account of; as -

adippadaiyana,

kappu

mukku

bear (v.t.); give birth QugjJ peril (Qup, Qupgii) bear (animal) (n.) —

be (v.i.); stay, w a i t -

^LS^LIUS!nL^UJIT
bracelet (n.) -

bathe (another) (v.t.) (ge/i^LJUnLOt kidippattu ((gsiSiJun-L.i_, (gaBuumluj.) bathing r o o m (n.) -

illatha

basic (adj.) valaiyal

alagu,

( - ucinsreiror, - u e w s B a f l ) ;

cult

base (n.), b o t t o m -

banana (mature fruit) -

enmeiTiueci

ambattan,

n&vithan

bark (of a dog) (n.) (g£insw(^65Gb) kulaj(tthal) bark (v.i.) — @ansu kulai (@«n6D««, (gencu^^) base (n.), bottom; foot; step -

uttharavu

banana (n.) -

•xauLj

kambi

barber (n.) —

6^lL®s=SlL(S\ ban (v.t.) -

eu[TeS)Lp

(gsiSa;*, (gsi9^^)

thadi,

beach (n.) tsetncr karai sea-shore (n.) ffiL_(D<5S!njr kadar-karai beak (bird's) ~

kidiyal

bathe (oneself) (v.i.) @sn) kuH

(3(5)««,

ball (n.) -

thadai

(gsrflujsb

thadu

bar (rod) (n.) -

mithi

U^§j

vahgi

bar (to block) (v.t.) -

samanilayakku

basket (n.) — 5i.«nL_ kudai bat (animal) (n.) Qeiieneurreo vauval bath (n.) -

snriemLDnsi adippadai

13

karanamaga

become (v.i.); b e bed (with mattress) L;(5)aani5 padukkai cot (without mattress) aiiLls\.eo kattil bee (n.) Q^df them beetle (n.) isiiemQ\ before (in space); opposite er^pr ethir, er^Gir ethire before (in time); already ejpsenrGaj erkanave, (Lpewssrrrsb munna! before, formerly (Lpek mun, (ipekLj munbn, (LpssKeBsr munne, (Lpeitesmeii munnal, QfietsTBSinQiso munnale beg (v.) Gserr picchai kel (-C5«il«, - (S«L.®) beggar (n.) picchaikkdran

begin (v.i.) — Q^nL^iai(Q thodahgu (Qigrrumis, Q^/rLrag)) begin (v.t.) ^[TLDlSl aramhi (=^UIL51««,

^ijiMi3$^)

beginning (n.) ^tTlhuLD arambam beginning (n. or adj.); first ( t p ^ s b muthal behave; happen; walk -fSI—. nada {rsi—As, rsi-^si) behavior (n.), conduct — rsi—SiiLsi.a;ana nadavadikkai, lEL^^an^ nadatthai behind (prep.) iSeir pin, LSlssTOSTneo pinnal, LSeiTLlpLh pinpuram being (n.) g)(T5^^sb irutthal belief; confidence; hope fSLbtilaans nambikkai believe (v.), trust rSLbl-l nambu (jBiiu, rsiiiLS) bell; hour (of the day) iosssfl mani

14

belong (v.t.) -

better (adj.) QimsonesT melana sonthainayiru between (prep.) -^mm) ^swt—uSlsb idaiyil, LD^^uSieo matthiyil belonging to (adj.) beyond; moreover; then — (3ff!J75^ serntha ^ULIpih appuram below; eastern — g y ) kll beyond (in space) bemoaning (n.); m o u r n i n g ^LJLjpLh appuram LjeVLDuec pulambal big (adj.); important benefit (n.); welfare QufDlU periya /gEOti nalam,tssueinLD nanmai bind (v.t.); tie; buildbenefit (v.t.) siCQ kattu ISsireinLD Qffiu nanmai sey (- G)ffi£jiu, -

QiFiiigi)

beside (prep.), next usm^^eo pakkatthil besides; m o r e o e v e r (jLospfLD melum best (adj.)migacchirantha, utthama(mana) betray (v.L); reveal -

(«L.(_, fflL-'l^.)

bundle (n.) «L!_(5) kattu bird (n.) u p s D S U paravai,

(g(njeiSI kuruvi birth (n.) i S p u q pirappu vanjanai sey bite (v.t); chew (- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^iugi); dSlif. kadi a;mLi^.AQarT(Si kattikkodu bitter (adj.) ffiffuufrew kasappana 15bitterness (n.) <5
b l a c k (adj.) -

b l e s s i n g (n.) -

SgiJUUiraST 3i^es)LDUjfTetrr •xtSllU

^^p-eutT^LD

karuppana, karumaiydna,

b l i n d (adj.) -

kariya

(gd^L-fTesr

karuppu

Uifi

pali,

{gppib

kurram

pali

uifi^gi);

@ f f ) p i i i s^fTlLQl kurram

(g(/5(5)

sattu

ssm

(- ffmli_, - ffitCuf.)

kan

b l a n k (n.), emptiness QsiwysnLD sneSl

verumai,

QsugilLD

^(5)

verum kambali

y

pu

b l o u s e ( w o r n w i t h saree) CraS]s;es)X

bleeding (excessive) (n.) -

GfflTeffl

ravikkai, choli

b l o u s e (western style) —

rattha-p-pokku

a^llsiW—

bless ( v . t ) aslrvathi

padagu,

e^l—LD

odam,

sattai

b l o w ( n . ) ; stroke; t h u n d e r —

ffissi/r

karai,

dram

STsbsinsU

ellai

b o m (be); b e i s s u e d iSIp

pira

{iSlroaa;,

iSp^)

b o r r o w (take a loan) (v.) -

kappal

kadan vahgu (- aimiia, - ajmiiS) b o s s ( n . ) , master, l o r d er^Lorreir ejamdn,

udal

kothikkappattiru

(-g)(n;ffiffi, -§im§l)

(Lp^evrreifl

b o a (v.i.), be b o i l e d -

^emeoeupT

muthalali, thalaivar

b o t h (adj. & p r o n . ) -

kothi

(Glmrr^aa,

^prih

b o r d e r (n.); l i m i t ; e x t e n t -

b o d y (n.) -

Qsn^

pusthakam)

b o r d e r ( n . ) ; shore -

thoni

^irsw'(5l(ti)

Qa!t^0gi)

b o l d (adj.) em^iflujiUDrresr

iraiidu(m)

bottle ( n . ) LJLL^.

dhairiyamana boldly (adv.)etil^lfllULDrra

16

putthagam

(L/sfu^ffiti

boil ( v . t ) -

b l o o m (n.), blossom vadi

Ul-.(Q

£_L_su

rattham

toswp" malar,

jr^gli) a/ig. rattham

Lf^^sih

palagai

ship (n.) -

(^filffiffl,

elumhu

fl5ffsu nUl,

nila

suueb

dhairiyam

b o o k (n.) -

b l u e (adj.) -

G^rrsmfl

kurudar

thadu

p'^^ih

bleed (v.i.) -

^fflrsu^

theriyamal

b l o o d (n.) -

b l a n k e t (n.) snisuefh

Q^ifliurTLDso

b l o c k (to stop) ( v . t . ) —

b l a n k (adj.), empty -

em0lfluJLD b o n e (n.) — STeplLDLj

nilam

b o a t (n.) -

kurudu,

^(/JLjj

/fsuii

usvsmss

b l i n d p e r s o n (n.) -

gali

^i^-^)

b o a r d (n.), p l a n k -

b l i n d n e s s (n.) -

(uifids,

adi

/fso

kuruttutthanamaga

b l a m e (v.t.) Ulfl

kiirudana

b l i n d l y (adv.) -

b l a m e (n.); fault; revenge -

b o l d n e s s (n.) -

b l o w (as w i n d ) (v.) b l u e ( n . ) , dark b l u e -

(aj(l^LLQ\

blackness (n.) sg^jULj

aslrvatham

putti

b o t t o m ; f o o t ; step dhairiyamaga

adi(-p-pakkam)

17

bottom (adj.) ^/ry)/5^ thalntha bow (to) (v.); worship oJemiBJf^ vanahgu

box (n.) QuiLuj. petti boy (n.) muiuasT paiyan bracelet (n.) XITLJLI kappu

brain (n.) ^anstr

mUlai

brass (n.) iSl^e^mea pitthalai brave (adj.) — eBp'ljarrem viramam bravery (n.) oSfTlii vlram bread (n.) QirmLt^ rotti breadth (n.) ^seOLD

agalam

break (v.t.) a_«5ll_ udai

(ji-csiLfflffl, a-OTL-^^)

break (be broken) (v.i.) a_«!n(_ udai

a breaking open (n.) s^es)i_LJLl

udaippu

breath; life; vowel a_u5)p- uyir breath (n.); UfemUcchu breathe (v.) ^p#«a5)(4l mucchuvidu (-sSlL., -Q5)L.(JI)

brevity (n.) s^qgAaih surukkam brick (n.) Qffliiseo sengal bride (n.) -

LDeswLDserr mana-magal,

LDSmuQuem mana-p-pen, seoturrsmuQuem kalyana-p-pen bridegroom (n.) UjsssrLOiSsjr maita-magan, LDiruiSmsnm mappillai bridal couple (n.) LBemiasiSierT

mana-makkal bridge (n.) -

uireoLD palam

brief (adj.) Si^asiLDlTeiST

18

surukkamana

brother (general term) briefly (adv.) sQsin^rreisr sagotharan s^Q^ssLorT'X surukkamaga elder brother bright (adj.); clear^(SWOTsrsaT" annan (^isnaaLDaem vilakkamana, younger brother LDUJiDirasT olimayamana ^LDl3 tliambi brow (eyebrow) brighten (v.) Lj([^eULti buruvam pirakasappadutthu brown (n.) U(LpLJLj paluppu brightness (n.) brown (adj.) iSfrafT'SFLh pirakasam u(LffUi-i rSlpLDrreu bright (adj.) paluppu niramana iSlprsmFLoaesr pirakasamana bucket (n.) 'umQaiC' — brightly (adv.) — euasnt vsli i3rrsirT9'LDlT3i pirakSsamaga buffalo (n.) brilliant (adj.) ~ 67(55 SOT LD(LDnr(5l) erumai(madu) pirakSsamulla build (v.t.); bind bring (v.t) miLQ) kattu Qanem(^ eurr kondu va (- aj!T, - ajpgi) building (n.), construction bring down (v.t.); lowerSilLi
bundle (n.)
call (v.t.); invite — cSV«Jntp alai

busy (adj.) -

aigtisiguuunssr

surusuruppdna, ^^eu^errerr aluvalulla, (Lpiup^iurresT muyarchiyana b u t (conj.) ^ssTiTSO anal butter (n.) be burned (v.i.); be scorched - QeusssTQemiu venney giu *fy (^lu, ^ili^gi) buttermilk (n.) burst (v.t.) Guorrp' mor Qsuif vedi b u y (v.t.); get; receive (QsU^.
c

bus (n.) business (n.); trade -

calamity; accident; danger -


vibatthu,

^U^§1 dbatthu calf (young animal) — kanru(-k-kutti)

20

call (v.t.); s h o u t Si^ULS\Q\

(«JJLS)IL., «VUL9L1(41)

call on (v.t.), visit (o)s9:(S5WK U/Tjr senrupdr (- uwffis, - unf^gi); Gumuuunpi poy-p-pdr

candidate (n.) QeuiLuasn^ vetpdlar capital (city) (n.) -

^emstirssp'

thalai-nagar

captive (n.) S!f)as@ kaithi c a p t u r e (v.t.), catch LSU^ pidi {i3i^.ssi, iSin.^gi) captmre (n.) -

iSlL^^^eo piditthal

car(t) (n.); vehicle — calm (n.) euemu). vandi ^s^LD^ amaithi care (n.); concern, worry calm (adj.) aeumso kavalai ^emLD^lurresr amaithiyana care (v.i.) calm down (v.i.); obey — saj(;inevLiu(S)0^ ^L^!Sl(gl a4angu kavalaippadutthu {^luiim,

^L_B;S))

camel (n.) a^L.(_
take care (v.i.) tsssussfl kavani care (n.), heed aeussTLD kavanam careful (adj.) ssnssiLanetsr kavanamana carefully (adv.) SieiiesTLDnsi kavanamaga carpenter (n.) — ^a^<9=sJT thacchan

21

c a r r y (away) ( v . t ) G)<5/raJ5r(51 Gurr

cease (hunger, etc.); end ;f/Hy@ niiigu $imSi)

kondu pd

(- Surra, - Qunii)

celebrate (v.) -

car(t) (n.); v e h i c l e -

G\sinemL_nQ\

GuesTiru}.

vandi

(QarreisrL.n-L.,

c a s h (change); paise — SITSr

cash (money) (n.) -

/5(il

caste (n.) ^fT0

L 5 I 1 4 , pidi (LS1I?.««, iSttsf.^) cattle (cows, bulls, oxen, goats & sheep) -

^ ( J l Loa®

center (as an institution) (n.) emiMiULD 55(51

anLDiULDireisr

madu

goats & sheep (only) =^(4) a4u cause (n.); r e a s o n SfTrrsssTLD karanam cause (v.t) •sn'P'as!srLDn'(g karanamdgu (-=&*, ->«S)) cease (v.i.); become tired — i^iLl dy (giu,

LD^^UJ

maiyamana,

matthiya nurrdndu

a=L/Ey(g

sadangu,

Lonwy^sb

ailLl—lTUJLD

kattayam

j^ffs^iUlh

nicchayam narkali

65S!n«usi/^ e^rrsir

marram

c h a p t e r (book); authority 55>/@«flFtii

alhikaram

c h a r a c t e r (story; play); pot UlT^^fflM

patthiram

behavior ( c h a r a c t e r ) (n.) — fBL-^ss)^

nadatthai

c h a r a c t e r ; quality; health -

thalaivar

c h a m p i o n (n.) -

maruthal,

LDfTippLb

certainty; c o m p u l s i o n certainty (n.); truth -

manu Lanpe^)

c h a n g e (n.); transformation -

uruthi

(QsmLD

gtinam

charge (v.t); a c c u s e -

viran,

(^ppLDffmLQi Jeyippavan

(-jm.' I ,

kurramsatm

-ffuilj^.)

c h a n c e (n.); unexpected event - c h a r g e (fee, fare) (n.) sSpQ'SFUJeci

c e r e m o n y (n.) —

{wrrpp,

avasiyam

Q^uSluuevsir

c e n t u r y (n.) — ^ppneiwQi

^evFliULD

rsnipsimsSI

naduvana,

Lorrp^

c e r t a i n t y (n.); necessity -

c h a i r m a n / p e r s o n (n.); l e a d e r -

nadu,

rsQlsyrreu

a4u madu

c h a n g e ( v . t ) ; exchange -

c h a i r (n.) -

maiyam

c e n t r a l (adj.) -

cows, bulls, & oxen (only) LDITQI

matthi(n.),

rS(tiS)SlsO rmduvil (prep.) punai

nicchayaml-aga

S-gU^

/5(5)CoSl/ nadicve (prep.),

catch (v.t.); capture -

sillarai

change (v.i.) -

certainty; firmness, strength —

na4^ (u.),

LD^@

jathi

cat (n.) yanssr

Qxirsisri-insi.)

center; middle —

usOTTli) panam

^soeostnrr) kattayaml-aga,

LarrgiJ mam { i m r p , wnrS!)

celebration (n.) Q«/TSii!iri_mlL_ti> kondattam

kasu

change (coins) (n.) -

certainly (adv.) -

tharcheyal

c h a n c e (adj.); accidental -

SiLLL-SiSTLD

kattatuan

c h a s e (v.t.), pursue thuratthu

tharcheyalana

kondattam c e r t a i n (adj.); definite mL-j—muLDrresT

^lu^si)

f^a^a^iULDrresr

22

kattayamana, nicchayamana

(g/!r^,^3•^^);

by c h a n c e (adv.); accidentally thuratthi-c-chel

^ p Q f f i u surra tharcheyalaga

23

chase (v.); follow iSlekQ^fTL^ cheap (adj.) -

(565/n^(
Q^ifl^ai

malivana

(ipaStlu

cheapness (n.) -

mukkiya.

thalaimaiyana.

QeuiL(S)

muthanmaiyana

vanji

iSsfToneiT

pillai

cheating (n.) su^ffssissr

(gip/Bena; vanjanai

parisSthi

us^tiiserr

ufilGa'n'^emasr

LDrr^Lj

Q^preij

nenju. mdrbu

(Q^/fley

QLDSO

vattam

euL-i—LorresT

sandai,

GiDrr^eo

mdthal

clash (v.) GLDfTgj

mdthu{GwfTii,Gwfj^y,

s^eisrisnL^Qurr®

class (n.); kind, sort emia

vattamana,

inam

class (n.); division -

[p.p. only]

(6u(g«ffi,

f§eis)ev

nilai

aj(g^)

claw (n.) — rssLD

situation (n.); c o n d i t i o n -

vaguppu

classify ( v . t ) ; d i v i d e eiJ(g vagu

sulnilai

suiTound[ing] -

sandaipodu

(- (Sum-, - QunCj®)

circular (adj.) —

themthedu

Gi5/7T5^ themthu

24

ffsmesiL-

sinima

^^r^smeo

therivu)

(-6T®ffiffi, - 6 7 ® ^ ^ ) ;

((D)U)«JSU, Qtzjcargu)

padam,

'SlssFlLDfr'

circumstance (n.); s i t u a t i o n -

thervu

G^/7V5(o)i5(5)

met

UL^LD

vattavadivamana

choose ( v . t ) ; elect -

chew (v.t.) -

cinema (film); pictore; map -

thelivu

eiJ(giLJLj'

movay

choice (n.) —

chest (of the body) ( n . ) Q^(^5r

milagSy

GLDfTSXirriLI

GsnuSleo koyil

SULLL^LD

chin (u.) -

magilvi

(tofflyiaSaa, iciSl^sS\^§i)

siruvar

lEIerr&imij

maths

Q^efiieif clash (n.) -

circle (n.); region -

chillies, red pepper -

parisothanai

cheer (up someone) (v.t.) -

pasahgal

little ones (n.) — ffigHeuif

check-up (n.); med. exam —

kulanthai

children (pi. n. only) -

check (v.t.), examine -

LoSlLpisSl

(- ^ L J _ , - ^ l l i ^ . )

c l a r i t y (n.) -

koyil

Lurf^iT

urimai

es)s; ^ll(51 kai thattu

R.C. church (n.) -

child (n.); baby -

uiflGfffT^

a_/fls!ntij clap (v.) -

vettu

GarruBA)

child (n.) -

nagaram,

pattinam

claim (n.); right, privilege -

church (n.); temple emarru

eiKS^St

UL-L-Sarii

chop (n.); c u t -

cheat (v.t.) ^LDfrn)^

city (n.) asffjT ur, rssiXLD

(G)si/ili_, QeniLiq.)

^emei>es)LDUJiTssr

malivu

therintha

chop ( v . t ) ; c u t Q a i t l ( 5 ) vettu

chief (adj.) -

LDsSleuaesr LDeSleij

chosen (adj.) -

chicken (n.) -

pinthodar

nagam

clean (grain, etc.) ( v . t ) aemetr kalai

25

Si^^LD

suttham

Qfiu

(- Qffiuiu, -

QffiiHs;);

^ss)L-

sey

climb (v.t.); enter (vehicle)

exgu eru {^p, ^rgl)

sutt)m(mana)

cleanliness (n.); purity — suttham

a^^li

morally 'clean' person sutthamdnavar effletTlSJ^

vilahgu

(aSsrr/wa,

eSmiiiSl)

fffT^gl

satthu

^es)L^

adai

Qgsiffl

(Q^srBiu, Qiserfl/s^) make clear (v.L), clarify -

(-««,

m

-^§i)

^(51

miulu

^l!j.u5)(T5

apt?.)

mudiyiru

mudivu

closed (adj.) -

clear (adj.) -

QfiLq.Uj

Q^isfHeurreisT thelivana

clearly (adv.) Q^siflsu/r«

thelivaga

mudiya

cloth (n.); clothes jyssisfl thuni wear (clothes) (v.) udutthu

clarity (n.) thelivu

collect (v.) skjLQ) kattu (ffijli_, flkili^.);

)kari

kudu

kuffu,

kadarkarai

cock (rooster) (n.) Gffeueo seval coconut (n.) -

collective (n.); partnership -

coin (n.) -

<9i.ll(5)

kuttu

collective (adj.), joint shul^L^rresr

kuttsna

collectively (adv.), jointly — gidLL^rrs

thehgay

coconut tree (n.) — (o}fl;ssrsinsirr(u)fni) thennai(maram)

ena^.)

knttam

ffiilli—UD kuttinaivu

coast (n.); beach -

Q^lBJtumu

(«IL.,

collection (n.); c r o w d -

5^LLi4.«!ns!S!!rci/. SL^psiemrr

thirattu

(gliTLX., ^jTLUJ.)

nila-k~kari

suLQl

SlTOr

26

^TjlL®

coalition (n.) -

(-g)C5««, -^(sm) closing (n.), clostire; end ^LSj-Si^

komali

(uduppu-k-

Ga^^^^i)

coOect (v.t.); gather-

coal (charcoal) -

rileosaifl (opi-,

G*(T ser (CSffffffiat,

coal (mineral) (n.) -

kitta

close (v.t.); c o v e r -

thelivupadutthu

Q^fflfflsi/

{ffiT^^,

be closed (v.i.); be covered

theli

coUect (v.t.); join, unite -

QsnLDrrefil

close (v.t.); shut —

be clear (v.i.); be certain -

LEas(ge/rl!TfTe!!T miga-k-kulirana

clown (n.), comedian -

kadigaram

«Uj.«/rirtii

©ilL_

very cold (adj.) megam

mantharamSna

close (prep.); n e a r -

be clear (v.i.) -

cloud (n.) -

LD^^fTrrLDfTesr

erram

clock (n.); wristwatch -

kulirana,

kulirntha

(garS/jj5^

cloudy (adj.) -

ejrppLD

a^esiiorran)

(^eflirjnesr

uduppu

GLDSLD

climb (n.) clean (adj.) -

adai,

S-(£\ULf

thatpaveppanilai

sutthappadutthu

cold (adj.) -

clothes (n.) -

climate (n.) -

clean (v.t) -

ak.L^

kuttaga,

kuda

college (n.) — •seo&^ffi

kalluri

colony (n.) Sh.ls^u5\(§LJLf kadiyiruppu

kasu

27

color (n.) f^pLD niram comb (n.) &ULI slppu comb (v.) ffa/ sivu {Sai, 9sSl) come (v.i.) comedy (n.) nagaicchuvai nddagam comedian (n.) — QarfLoneH kSmali, sSisnseSl vikadakavi comic (adj.) QsnLDfTe^^^asTLDfTesr

kdmalitthanamdna,

si5)
^liiuurresr sirippana comically (adv.) kdmalitthammaga comicalness (n.) komalitthanam comfort (in life) (n.) *Slii sugam comfortable (adj.) SrSLDrrem sugamana

comfortably (adv.) •S^SLDITS sugamaga comfort (pleasant state) a/ff^@ vasathi comfortable (adj.) euf^iurrssT vasathiyana comfort (console) (v.t.) G^pgU therru (Ggpnj, G^prgf); ^piru arru {^pp, ^psH) comfort (consolation) (n.) ^%gll^eO aruthal comforting (consoling) (adj.) ^^j^^eurrm SruthalSna command (n.) — t ^ c ^ o s w drtai command (v.t.) — ^es)
siLt_e!nsrru51Qi kattalaiyidu command (n.) — ^^arrrria athigSram comment (on) (v.) eSlerrssiexjenp- ^efH vUakkavurai all (- ^aSffiffl, coBomerce (n.); trade eSlturrurrpTLh viyabaram committee (n.) kulu, ffonu sabai 28.

common (adj.); public; usual - competition (n.); contest QuiT^(eiirresr) potliu(vana) GumLln. potti complete (v.L); finish communicate (v.) — (ipi^- mu4i ((tPt9-««, Qfiut-^gl) be completed (v.i.); e n d (seythi) thodarbu kol (- Qanenerr, - Q^iremdl) (Lpuf. mudi (gpifi", (ipii^Sl) companion (n.) complete (adj.) — G^fTLpasT tholan (m.), (Lplq.exinesT mudivdna G^fT^ thBlJ(f.), completely (adv.) fgeierueir nanban (m.) (Lp(Lgi^lJD muluthum companionship (n.) be completed (v.i) G^lTLpemLD tholamai (LpppuQugU murra-p-peru company (business, industry) - (-Qup, -Qupjfi) completely (adv.), entirely (tpipgllLh murrum tholir kudam compare (v.t.); contrast— all(u.)e^Ul3® oppldu (LppgilLD murrum {^UISL-., ^ULSIL.®)) comproinise (n.) compared to, than samarasa inakkam compromise (v.) sjL;Lf(51«3iffiu5)sb oppidukaiyil, samarasa inakkam sey 'go for a compromise' (v.) e^uiS\iLi—aeo oppittal, t^^^uGurr otthu-p-po aSIl— vida computation ^n.); accounts comparison (n.); contrast aismA(g, kanakku e^uLSQ\ concern (n.); care; worry — compete (v.i.) dssi/ssisu kavalai GumLlS).uSl(S> pottiyidu {-§11-^ -g)L-®) 29

concerning; about — un)^

c o n f i d e n c e ; belief; h o p e -

parri

rgliiLSIsieins;

wliich c o n c e r n s unj^uj

c o n f i r m (v.t.) -

parriya

G]
c o n c e r t (n.) •SffGfflfl

nambikkai

(- Qa^iiiiu, - Qa^tiigi)

kaccheri

c o n f l i c t (n.) -

c o n d e m n (v.t.); a c c u s e -

a=essranL-

saitdai

c o n f u s i o n (n.) kuiramsattu (- mi' .1 ,, - sFnLis).) c o n d e m n (v.t.), s e n t e n c e -

(^LpuULD

kulappam

c o n f u s e ( o t h e r s ) (v.t.) (SjLpULI i(S!fiuu,

thirppu kuru

kulappu

b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) (glfiLDLj kulambu condition (n.); quality; nature -

(oyiLou, ©tpiitil)

thanmai

condition ; state; situation fflfflnci) nilai, rflaneoanLD

nilaimai

c o n d u c t (n.); behavior IBl—^es)^ nadatthai, [Sl—euts^sanx

confusion; delusion; fainting — LDIUSSLD

mayakkam

confuse (v.t); c h a r m LDUJS(g mayakku (ujlUffiffi, wiusSf) b e c o n f u s e d (v.i.) -

nadavadikkai

LDtUBl^

mayahgu

c o n f e r (v.i.) c o n g r a t u l a t e (v.L) — kalanthu pesu .

unrjiriLQi pSrsm

(- Gu0, - GuS\)

juiriTiri'I , u n j r / r t l i f ) ; • eurrijp^fftl valtthu

c o n f e r e n c e (n.) seo^^mhs^

kalanthayvu

urrrxniL® evrrifi0^

c o n s t i t u t e (v.t.) ^es)LD

pSrSttu,

eurrip^^LD

(-U(S)^iS,

valjthum

c o i m e c t (v.t.) S)sff)S53r Inal

erpadutthu

-u(Si$^)

b e c o n s t i t u t e d (v.i.) — ^emLD

amal

c o n s t i t u t i o n ; institotion ^emLDUL)

amalppu

c o n s t r u c t (v.t.); constitute ^ss)LD

amat

get c o n n e c t e d (v.i.), j o i n — ^smssw

c o n s t r u c t i o n (n.) —

Inal

(fflsnsranu, 1

^es)LDULj

c o n n e c t i o n (n.) — ^S)ns55rsi/

Inalvu

(KLL(51

vel

(fflili-, «L.u).)

sU-Uf-l—LD

kattldam

c o n t a i n (v.t); control -

(Glsususu, fflsucnwu)

=gi/z_«(g i^i-sa,

c o n s i d e r (v.t.); think —

adakku ^i_«S))

c o n t e s t (n.); competition —

[ilanasr ninal (jDensaas, ^anssr^g;); iof(SSST
GutTlLl^.

potti

c o n t i n e n t (n.) -

(ffTfasaitoOor, STSOTTGlSlrf?)

ajswi—ii

consider (v.); think — •35®^

kattu

c o n s t r u c t i o n (building) -

conquer; triumph; succeed Qeueo

amaippu

c o n s t r u c t (v.t.) -

kaTidam

c o n t i n u a l (adj.) -

karuthu

QsSfTl-.p'S=fflUJITeU thodarcchlydna

30

^Ginw^^)\

'^ipuQl^gJ

c o n g r a t u l a t o r y (adj.) c o n n e c t (sth.) ( v . t ) ; string (beads, etc.) Q^nQi thodu (Q^/r(5i
amal

(,^s!nu)
valtthu

©yjuLS)

(- aiJT), -
^sirsjriLD

c o n g r a t u l a t i o n ( s ) (n.) —

31

continuation (n.) Q^au-P'g:^

continue (v.); pursue Q^fTi-ff

S^emLDlueo

@srflir(/5^)

contract (n.); agreement oppantham

control (v.t.); contain -

QsFULj

samaiyal

kulirintha) pdrtthu

coolness (n.) (gsrSjrCSJDLD)

/jiSisb

pacchai-t-thannir

cool down (v.); calm down control (n.) convenience (n.)", comfort— eU3=^

vasathi

ifc.siS) k u l i

coolie (worker) (n.) -

convenient; comfortable eVtS^iLirresT

vasathiyana

ai^eStiunea

i^ff^iunsi

kuiiyal

Sk.^.3=GlffUJ

co-operative (adj.) -

avLLt_Lo kuttam cook (a meal) (v.t.) -

co-operatively (adv.) —

snaLL^aan

9ijL.l—!TSi

sainai

be cooked (y.i.) -

tSSLp^LD

kattana

kuttaga

co-operation (n.) — asul(5)peiy kamravu co-operatively (adv.) -

(g)(5">. g)®!^) cough (n.) ^(TgLDSU

kalagam

cook (n.) -

«iXl(J)ff3QJ/r6S

kutturavaga

copper (n.); water pot Qs^LDi-l sembu

samaiyalkdrar

(LpUf.iLlLh

32

mudiyum

(Lplsf.UJrT^

sariyakku

6Tiss5r@!/

ennu

(ffTSOTrew, ffTcwrcirafl)

country; inhabited land —

thirutthu

IBrrQl

correction (n.) — thiruttham

correct (adj.) ^Q^^^LDfTssr

mudiySthu

count ( v . t ) ; t h i n k -

(-«?(,««, - ^ « S ) correct (v.t.) -

nadu,

Q^ffLD

dhesam

couple (n.); pair — G^mq.

thiruuhamana

jodi

courage (n.) -

correctly (adv.) ^Q^^^lMirm

irumal

could (aux. v.) couldn't (aux. v.) -

sariyana

^qg^^LD

sayamanam

§l(!S(iP

konam

iFlfliurrsfg

^(!5^§1

paHju

a^rTUjinn'ssnh

sari,

3=rfliufrs>sr

kattil

cough (v.i.) -

correct ( v . t ) -

vasathiyaga

(ffsaiU)ia5, x T s n u i ^ ^ )

nagal

correct (adj.); fme; yes fflfl

kudicchey

convention (n.); meeting —

ffmiD

*

co-operate (v.i.) —

conveniently (adv.) -

U(^a

corporation (n.); association; political party —

coolie (daily wage) (n.) -

cot (n.) — «llt^(sb

couch (n.) -

comer (n.); angle ftpssisu mulai, QsnreniTLD

am ( ^ p , ^ j S ) dthikaram

^^SfTrrLD

cost (n.), price GiSlsmsD vilai

cotton (wool) (n.) -

eluthu

(-CTcjp^,- 6I(y)^) copy (n.), duplicate -

kulir(mai)

cool veater (n.) -

adakku

seppu

copy (in writing) (v.t.) -

cool (temp.) (adj.) -

thodar

(^UU^siLD

copper (made of) (adj.) —

cooking (n.) —

thodarcchi

em^lfiujLD

thirutthamaga

33

dhairiyam

crazy (adj.); foolish —

courageous (adj) m^MiULDftesr

(gippLb

dhairiyainana

courageously (adv.) an^ifliULDrTiS

dhairiyamaga

paitthiyamana

create (v.t.); effectakku

court (of law) ( n . ) ^^LDSupLD

nithimanram

cover (n.) gpt^

mudi

cover (v.t.); closeg p ( 5 ) mudu {(tpu, ftoif) be covered (v.i.); closed QpiSj-uSlq^ mudiyiru (-g)C!5««. -^KSmi) cow (n.) ( J * pasu coward (n.) GxrTsmLp kolai, uiuaJSiTe/H

creature (n.) -

@p/DSU/T«S

craziness (n.); foolishness -

(oStog-^ffiffl, O S L D ^ S ) ^ ^ ) critic (n.) — aSli£)/r
kurravali kiirramulla

QrBd^s&LS^

nerukkadi

critical time (n.); emergency nerukkadi

nilai

critical (adj.) nerukkadiydna

34

fSariX(g

kurukke

po

(- QUITS;,

-

be crushed (v.i.) QrBn^iingi norungu

crossing (n.); junction — santhippu

crow (n.) srraih

kagam,

arraema


kUttam

cruel (adj.) kodumaiyana

cry (v.i.) alu i^ip,

crying (n.) ^(Lfiems

^dp^)

alugai

cuckoo (n.) — (g,tiSiec kuyil culture (n.) aeonffmrjLD

kakkai

crowd (n.) -

QisrrnjjiijSl)

get crushed (v.i.) rBaraj(^ nasuhgu

^(Lp Quniij}

s^^^LJLj

nasukku

(QfiiTDimia,

kada

kodumai

(o);5/rffy
kodi

Q:XrT(^e
paitthiyam

cruelty (n.) G\si!rQ\e>!)LD crush (v.t.) -

vimarshanam

(<3;/_«ffi, « L _ ^ ^ ) ; (gffUisOffi (Burr

crisis (n.) -

norungu Gl^irgniiiS)

vimarshi

iSi_

criminal (adj.) -

acchamulla

-

asm&y,

OSILDPI^

G^fTU},

kurram

kan kodumaiyaga

( - «(7-6Mr, -

cross (over) (v.t.) -

@j)/r)Lb

crash down and smash (v.i.) -

anu^^iULD

undupannu

(gippOpeiiTerT

^fffQpefTen

kurram

aSliop'S^esTLh

criminal (n.) -

kolaiySna,

sarrsisr

crop(s) (n.) uuSiJ- payir crore (ten million) -

uyiri(nam}

payangdli

QsnTanLpiutTssr

(- Qtsni^ma,

undakku

(-=?i««, -^S*®) create (v.t.) a-essrCpiueisresmi

crime (n.); f a u l t -

cowardly (adj.) -

vilunthu

s^einTL^rTSifQ

cruelly (adv.) -

criticize (v.t.) —

kalaccharam,

uemurrQl panbadu cultured person (n.) usmurretrp' panbalar curds (n.) ^ilSiir thayir

35

be d a m a g e d ( v . i . ) , s p o i l e d -

c u r e (v.L) -

QaQt gunappadutthu

Q6!(51 gunamSkku

(uLpAsLD)

FFfTLD

(palakkain)

=^(5)

eSluj-iueo

attam

dhinasari

^ U 0 ^

anai(-k-kattu)

abayam

^ s m s K s r aiLQi (-
anai

d a y ( 2 4 hrs.) (n.)

/5/ren'S3r£3i/j)«(g

(Lpp^rrrsrrefr

kattu

abayagaramana ^qgemi—

keduthal

irunda,

^(TJlll—ffssr

l i a r i i d i i l (adj.) -

iruttana

d a r k n e s s (n.) —

keduthalana

^(TJOT

h a n n f u l l y (adv.) -

sq^emLD

keduthalaga

36

irul, karumai

^eiranps(g

-

maranam

sdvu -

eSieiinaiLD

vivdthain

d e b a t e (v.) -

eSlsun^

nalanraikku

vivathi

d e c i d e (v.) ^irUDfTesfl

munthandl

thlrmdni

(^(TU)/TSDfl«
^^wrTesfl0§i)

d e c i d e d l y (adv.) ^P'LDfTesTLCifTS

anraikku

^prLDiresTLD

settha

^ d ) G O / r ^ uyir

tklrmanamdga

decision (in law); j u d g m e n t ^ifuq

lifeless (adj.) -

a_u5)p"

-

d e a t h (n.); f u n e r a l d e b a t e (n.)

d e a d (adj.) Qa=^Si

LarjemiS) ff/rsy

-

(on) t h a t d a y ^eir^ anru,

d a r k (adj.) —

damage (n.); i n j u r y —

Qa(^^etin'ew

-

d a y ( o f the w e e k ) (n.) SiLpemLD kilamai

day before yesterday -

d a n g e r o u s (adj.) —

d a m (v.t.) -

d e a t h (n.)

vidiyarkdlai

day after t o m o r r o w

^urriULD

kdthu keldthavar [-susir ( m . ) , -eurfr ( f . ) ]

/STsfr nal

abatthu

d a n g e r (n.) -

\^S3)S3!ir(ffia5Ll(5l)

Q
nadanamddu

d a n g e r ; c a l a m i t y ; accident

-

nStjjs^)

vidiyal

e^Uj-iuparremeii

sevidar

[ - i _ 6 i r ( m . ) , -Hi. ( f . ) ] ,

d a y b r e a k (n.), early m o r n i n g -

(-•«.'-. -^'4-')

' d a i l y ' (newspaper) (n.) -

QsQi^eona

( ^ L . , ^uj.)

rsL—SSTLDirQl

dhinamum

(aS^iu,

vidi

keldtha

(ol
marumagal

( o f day) (v.i.) —

sSlu^

seviddna,

d e a f p e r s o n (n.) —

d a T O (n.) -

d a n c e (v.) -

^a!r(LpLD

kdthu

magal

LD(J^LD£SWT

iram

^ L L L — L D

d a i l y (adv.) -

iD«err

iaym

d a n c e (n.) -

dhina

^ms=fil

iramana

Sdti

Qs^eSll^nesr -

d a u g h t e r - i n - l a w (n.) -

dance (v.i.); m o v e -

d a i l y (adj.) -

d a m (n.)

Qs&0gi)

d e a f (adj.) -

thethi d a u g h t e r (n,)

d a m p n e s s (n.), wetness -

D ^£57

fed«(5)«Sl««,

FFlTLDlTesr

date (day) ( n . ) -

QxiL®)

d a m p (adj.), w e t -

( - ^ « « , -^ffig)) c u s t o m (n.); h a b i t valakkam

{Qsi-,

d a m a g e (v.t.); s p o i l -

(ffjeswu^rtafffi

euLpAxib

kedu

illatha

37

g/>t4-Sy

thlrmdnam,

thlrppu, mUdivu

decisive (adj.)

-

scarcity (n.); shortage

thirmanamana, QpLq-euireu

deficient (adj.)

mudivdm

^^
insufficiency

arivi

deep (adj.)

-

^ip^es

^IpLD

dlam

insufficient (adj.)

-

thorkadi

( S ^ i r p a s i f «ffi,

CS0iTpaui.0gi)

aiLi—rriULDrresr

kattSyamana -

kurai(vu)

d e n y ( v . t ) , disagree w i t h LOffy maru

sey

-

uigij^gi)

(n.)

-

Gurr dhuthukkulu

kattdyam

d e g r e e (stage, level) (n.) — Ut4padi

UXUffiStb

mayakkam

^einp

mayakku

((Surrs,

Gurtdj)

(n.); s e c t o r thurai

depend o n (v.) S'trp'

-

sar

{mir,

d e p e n d e n t (adj.) arrpi^s^

delude (v.t); charm — Li)UJS(g

po

department

inbam

delusion; confusion; fainting -

purappadu

(L/ptJuL, L/puutlg));

delight (lu); happiness —

kattayam(aga)

38

(u)nj/««,

LjipLILlQl pirathinithi

^£im(g(Lp

definiteness (n.); certainty aiLL^rriULD

-

LSIrr^fff^

^skutM

Qffdi^)

deficit (n.) -

-

thdmathi

delegate (n.)

delegation

kandippaga,

kaval

kurram-kdn

(-«(rsMr, -««iSn-®)

d e p a r t (v.i.) kandippdna,

kappdrru amJuiTpiSiy,

-

^mJD^

sessruf-uurrs;

defend (v.t.) -

QiFtu

Qs^iugi)

delay (v.); tarry

kurram-sdttu

., - y m ' iq);

(QppLDSfTeiw

sey -

-

(^ppLD'fmLQi (-a^m'.t

(- Qa^iiiiu,

(si&^gi)

denounce (v.L)

-

thdmatham

-

@n5) kuri thdmathamaga

delay (v.L)

-

SsC.&)

maruppu

denote (v.t.); m a r k

-

^nLD^Lonsi

•xsssrujjjun'sisr definitely (adv.)

G^fTip^iLq.

(siTUUirprp,

thamathamana (adv.)

thittavattam(dna),

defeat ( i ncompetition) (v.t.) -

mrruufrn)^

LOffjyuL/

-

^ma^LDfTesr

kuraintha

(GffiL.«,

denial (n.); p r o t e s t -

thdmatham

delayingly

(v.t.) -

C « s f r kel

d e l a y e d (adj.)

^L-i_61/LL.li(-c^lSw)

Q^aeoeSl tholvi

mayangii

demand

dheyvam

ffitTLD^LD

kuraicchal

d e f i n i t e (adj.) —

man

LDUJlij(g

delay (n.) -

kuraicchaldga

defeat (n.) -

^anrp{sif)

-

insufficiently (adv.)

-

deer (n.) -

(- G}ffiuiu,

(n.)

(gsmpfigj

dlntha

be deluded (v.i.) -

-

pattam

Qi^iLKSULa

kuraivdna

kuraicchaldna,

-

the ' d e e p ' (sea, o c e a n )

suTQjeo

-

alamdna

p r o f o u n d (adj.)

uCl—LO

deity (n.), G o d -

(^anrps^ffeo

^LpLorrssr

LDrrek

parrdkkurai

^anpeiinasr

declare (v.) -

degree (n.), diploma, honor

-

LipprTS(Qas)ip

a^nd^gi) -

sdmtha

d e p e n d e n t (n.) s^n^^^euesT

39

sdmthavan

deplore (v.t.) -

design (n.); plan @LLL_UD thittam

varuttham therivi (- ffl^Maa, - Q^iHsSI^)

design (v.t.); plan ^L-I—LB® thittamidu

deposit (n.); advance — QpasTuemLD

(-g)t_, - g ) L . 0 )

mun-panam

desire (n.); eagerness -

depth (n.) c^Lpii Slam

^fflnff

asai,

eSl(r^uULD viruppam descend from (v.i.); get down • - desirable (adj.) ^(pai(S irangu ^es)ffiunstsr asaiyana, (g)fD(5/ffi, gjjDiugl) eSlq^LJULarresc viruppamana descend (v.i.); become humble passionately (adv.) ^fryi thai (^(Ttp, fiiTjf^) ^ms^iutra asaiyaga descent (n.) desire (aux. v.); want; need ^psxiJD irakkam (Seuemt^Lb vendum describe (v.t.) -

don't desire, don't need —

aSsu/fl vivarl (eSlojiflma,

GeuessTL^fTLD vendam

•^aifH^gi)

description (n.) eSleuflLD vivaram

desired (thing) (n.) eS](t^LDi3uj {Qurrq^efr) virumbiya (porul),

informative (adj.) eSleuiXLDrTeisr vivaramana informatively (adv.) — eSieiirjLDrTS

vivaramaga

desert (n.) -

vendiya( thu) desist (v.i.); cease siS)(5) vidu (aS)i_, OSLSI) desk (small); t a b l e -

un'«!nsu(sus3TU))

mesai

palai(vanam}

40

(mejai)

die (v.i.) -

destroy (v.t.) — ^if all {^iflas,

die (w/ ref. to animals) (v.i.) -

be destroyed (v.i.) — all i^ifltu,

^if^gi)

destruction (n.) ^ifleij

aljvu

detaU(s) (n.); amplificationaSsujTU)

ira (g)!Dffi«, g ) p 0 ^ )

^ifl0Si)

vivaram

die(v.)Qff^^ Qurr

setthu po

(- GuiTs, - Gurriii)

differ (v.i.); be differentGeiJgUuQi verupadu

d e t e r m i n a t i o n (n.); firmness — s^giJ^

uruthi

develop (v.i.); evolve €ipu(St

erpadu

develop (v.t.) erpuQl^g] erpadutthu (.^puSi0fi, ?r|pu®^@) development (production) aupu^^ urpatthi d e v e l o p m e n t (growth) (n.) evLpprff^

valarcchi

device (implement, instrument) S(QeSi karuvi device (trick, strategem) tt/a;^ yukthi d e w (n.); fog; mist — Ussfl pani d i c t i o n a r y (n.) — ^sp'fT^ agaradhi

difference (n.) GajgyL//r(5) difference (n.) (Scupffj/fflnLD different (adj.)

verupadu verrumai -

G s w y veru differentiate (v.) verupadutthu (-u0^«s, - u ® ^ ) difficult (adj.) aUf-esTLDiresr kadinamana, •xet^l^LDlTesr

kashtamdna

difficulty (n.); trouble SLSf-esriJa

kadinam,

sei^L—ia

kashtam

dig (v.t.) G^fTeisrQt

thondu

(G^/rsrari_, G^nessru).)

41

dinner (party) e&q^^^ virunthu

disappoint (v.t.) sjLD/r/Dnj;

direct (v.t); manage -

(,^LD/Tipp,

rBl—^§! nadatthu

disappointing (adj.) •^LDfTppLDfTew ^LdfrppLDrrs

direction (compass) (n.) -

•semQilSlUf.

^es)s: thisai dirt (n.) -

XSSSrQlLSIuj.LJLI

kandupidippu

^a^^LDiresr asutthamana dirt; dirty laundry alukku dirty (adj.) -

•

disease (n.); illness -

dismiss f r o m service (v.) velaiyilirunthu (- /^««,

-

nlkku

^ai^)

disposition (n.); nature ^Ujpes)S iyarkai, Lassrs'mp'Ll manaccharbu

make disappear (v.t); hide Loemp marai iiiBnip^gi)

disappearance (n.) LDonpeij maraivu

dispute (n.); debate sSleurreiLD vivdtliam

42

dive (n.); emersion (Lp(LpS(^ mulukku divide (v.t.); separate-

Q^rTsmeoeij

tholaivu

distant (adj.); f a r ^[TLDfTssr

iSlfl piri (£5)rfi«ffi, iS/i)^^) be separated (v.i.); depart-

dhuramana,

Q^fTsnewsufrsw

LS/A

tholaivana

distribution (n.) -

{iSifluj,

iSli^pgi)

divide (v.t.); classify iSK@ vagu (sucgaa, ffu®^^)

pagirntiialitthal, uiijS(St pangidu district (n.) — LDrrajC-l—LD mavattam disturb (incovenience) (v.t.) -

division (n.); class — eu^uLj vaguppu division (n.); p o r t i o n eumsi vagai divine (holy); ' M r . ' ^ ( 5 thiru do (v.t.) Qa^iu sey (Q*iuiu, Q^iugi) do (v.t.); make U S W ^ U pannu

kalakku

disturbance (inconvenience) Q^rr/B^jTisy thontharavu disturbance (psychol.) asuffiiBtb kalakkam disturbed (adj.); confusedSGtiadlMrrasT

piri

division (n.) — iSlfleij pirivu

(ffiSOffiffi, « 6 U « S )

/f
disappear (v.i.); be hidden LDsmp marai

distance (n.) ^p'LD dhuram,

«SU65(S5

(5/5/nu noy dismiss (v.t.) -

alukkana

dive (v.i.), submerge; drown mulgu {fifiifis, (tpifiSi)

kandupidi

discovery (a.); invention -

^a^^LD asuttham dirfy (adj.) -

(wempss,

emdrramaga

discover (v.t.); i n v e n t -

^ < 5 @ dhikku,

^(tpssffsw

emarramana

disappointingly (adv.) -

nere

dispute (v.i.) eSleurr^ vivdthi

STLDirprgl)

disappointment (n.) (^LDfTppLh emarram

direct (adj.) Qlsi^lU neriya directly (adv.) -

GfsGp'

Smdrru

(usrarswr, uasreanfl)

doctor (med.) (n.) LDQ^^^exjp' marutthuvar docimient (n.) u^^rrih patthiram

kalakkamSna

anxiously (adv.) sieoaiawaa kalakkamaga be disturbed (v.i.); be stirred 6 5 S U ( S J @ kalahgu

dog (n.) -

rsmu nay 43

doU (n.) bommai

Ism^SLD

donkey (n.) S(Lges)^

door (n.) a^eij

Qff&il0^

vasal

dot (n.); spot; p o i n t doubt (n.) -

drop (n.); particle QfffTL-Qi

doubt (v.t.) -

mulgu

(aDy>«. aotfiS)); SPyj® mulgu ira (• doubtful (adj.) ffjsG^tSLO/Tsar santhSgamana dry (v.i.); wither; become hot santhegi

SfTtu

doubtfully (adv.) ff^Q^enLDn'S

kay {^aniu, arnu^gi)

d r y (v.t.) -

santhegamaga

qjDfr pura

kayavai

d r y (adj.), dried -

drag (v.t.); p u l l -

SfTiii^^

g)(y) ilu (g)(ai««, ^(<£0m)

44

Sin^emfl

nadaiperumpoluthu

asiiLDSU

thusi thusi

padintha

iramillatha

munnathagave,

^aSltXinns

E each (adj.) ^

dramba-kalathiya ovvoru

one by one (persons) (pron.) —

early (adv.) Grs[r^G^fT(S\ (Lp^^iu

ovvoruvar

one by one (things) (adv.) -

munthiya,

athi-kalaiyil (in early mom) earn (v.t.) -

fflhun^

eager (adj.) — ^eineFiUITesr

slkkiramaga

early (beginning time) (adv.) -

kadamai

ovvonrdga

kayntha,

0[nBisoeoiT^

early (before time) (adv.) (tpewssTas/TcSsGsi/

duty (n.); obligation -

e^ajQeiHT(i^

kammal,

G^n-(51 thodu

dusty (adj.) uu^^

kathani

ear stud (n.) -

dust (n.) -

s^suQeun^f^eui!

aintuesvsu

dove (n.), pigeon -

rseini—Qu^LDQufTQ^^

^ffl

valaiyam

ear ornament (n.) -

sottu

drown, die by drowning —

-utLQi)

ff^Q^Sl

.

«gL.(5)swp- ottunar

santhegappadu

exianefTiULD

aga,

driver (of a vehicle) (n.) -

santhegam

doubt (v.i.) -

(-L/i_,

neratthinidaiye,

drive (vehicle, boat, animals) ( 9 L . 1 _ , glltlf.)

ear (n.) arrgil kathu earring (n.) -

vatthu

during, while -

seliitthu

911(51 OttU

ffijGssffili

<^a^§l

asai

eagerly (adv.) ^es]ffiun:s; asaiyaga

duck (n.) -

drive (a vehicle) (v.t.) -

doorway; entrance; gateway -

^sjiic

thudal

(^£ini_««,

g5t^ kudi ((5^.ffi«, gii;.^^)

kathavu

eunsfeo

g]sS)L-

nadagam

dream (n.) acsrsy kanavu d r i n k (v.t.) -

kaluthai

eagerness (n.) -

dry (by wiping) (v.t.) -

drama (n.), play -

Qumhes)LD

dsaiydna

45

sambathi

earnings (n.) -

eat (snack) (v.); & of animals ^ S 3 T thin (gJOTsar, ^sirgij) eat (v.); drink-

sambatthiyam,

earth (soil) (n.) -

^SySsmmxei!

sikkanamaga

^iSiSGsrLDn'iS

economize (v.) -

*2UUti

^paniDtunai

effort (n.); perseverence -(Lfiiurrp^

muyarchi

effortless (adj.) sulabamana

3i
effortlessly (adv.) 3MULDfT
sulabam

easy (adj.); easierSriSiiULDnem

sikkanappadutthu

economy (thrift or brevity) ^saasTLB sikkanam edge (n.); s i d e -

sulabamana

easily (adv.) ffrSVULDfT^S

(LpiLanL-

e^CTLD

sulabamaga

editor (n.); author; teachersulobamSga

east(n.), the eastkilakku

eastern (adj.) gy) kil,

educate (v.t.) aeoeSliusfh

education; learning; study asoeSl

kilakku samtha

to/in the east S)g)«(5
s^^i^dSfTiij

eight (n. or adj.) -

effect (v.t.); make; create akku

(,^««,

^«®)

ex^rraj^

ethavathu

avargalil

yaravathu

'Either he or I will go." iBnQswn (SunQeiimh. avard

allathu

eighth (n. or adj.) -

L/^QiSiI7il(5) pathinem QasTLLi^tTeij0 pathinettavathu,

nana

mUttha

elect (v.L); select; choose — (3^(7750^5(51 thernthedu (-6T(i)ffi«, -eT(Sl0gl)

election (n.) — Q^Cr^eo therthal electricity (n.) LSlasris^nrTLD)

elephant (n.) — lUITisnesr

yanai

eleven -

effect (n.); produce; gain ueuesT

pathinettam (adj. only) eighty (n. or adj.) —

palan

efficient (adj.) ^fpeminiqefrefT

46

thiramaiyulla

sremu^

povom.

eldest (son, daughter) (adj.) ^^^5

• eighteenth (n. or adj.) —

kalvi

(adj.)

enbatham

'either of them' — ^si/0-
katthirikkay

eighteen (n. or adj.) -

kalviyali

wremu^nin

either (conj.) -

muttai

'^iLi—rreugj ettavathu, S T L L I — Z T L O ettam (adj. only)

asiriyar

enbathavathu,

eggplant (brinjal) (n.) -

STL.(5l ettu

Oram

eightieth (n. or adj.) -

thiramaiyaga

egg (chicken's) (n.) -

bumi,

a_si)i5Lb ulagam ease (n.); easiness -

SlLpa(g

sikkanamana

economically (thriftily, briefly)

man,

lilsOLD nilam (ground) earth (planet) (n.) yii)

!i.^(£i)

economic (thrifty or brief) -

sambalatn

LDsm

(a_«inrsirar,

S-SSSr un

ffLDUevih

efDciently (adv.); neatly -

enbathu

47

pathinonrii

(n.),

pathindr(u)

(adj.)

min(saram)

eleventh ( n . o r adj.) -

emptiness (n.); b l a n k Qsi/gyssiLD verumai

pathinoravathu,

e m p t y ( a d j . ) ; mere QeuguanLDiurresr verumaiyana,

pathinoram (adj. o n l y ) else (different) (adj.) -

Q s L w y i i i verum e n d ( n . ) ; last; final -

QstJ(t^ veru

iBSJf)L-ffl. kadaisi

elsewhere (adv.) -

e n d (come to an end) ( v . i . ) veru engenum e m b a r r a s s i n g (adj.); troublesome -

(J-pis^ mudi end (n.); d e c i s i o n -

ffliiai—LDrfenT sahgadamana e m b a r r a s s m e n t ( n . ) ; trouble ffsilSL^LD

sahgadam

emerge ( v . i . ) ; get u p ; a w a k e
^(Lg^gl)

Qpis^Sij mudivu e n d u r e ( v . i . ) ; sustain fini5](Q thangu

'

endure (v.t.); wait — QufTgi] poru

emergency ( n . ) ; h u r r y , haste ^euffp'LO

avasaram

e n e m y (n.) S T ^ / f l ethiri,

e m o t i o n (n.) — manavelucchi, manakkilarcchi e m p l o y (v.) GexianeouSlec ^LD^0^ velaiyil amartthu (- ^usi^, - ^m^)

io7^ir/rs>S ethirali energy (n.); power — shakthi enforce (v.t) —

make enter (v.L); poke -

e n g i n e (n.) lU^^rriM e n j o y (v.t.) [T^

^eiriLp

yanthiram

rasi

n^^gi);

(jjSsa,

(inborn) anubavi e n j o y m e n t (n.) ^ C T j / u s i / i i ) anubavam, ff^G^rreifLO

e n t e r (v.) 4 © P^S^ i-i®m) e n t e r (a v e h i c l e ) ( v . ) ; ascend -

SJgU eru (5m), ^rji))

e n t h u s i a s m (n.) —

,^j^ffLlLD arvam,

santhosham

e n j o y a b l e (adj.) santhdshamana e n m i t y (n.) — uems

e n o u g h ; sufficiency (n.) Qurr^ia

pothum,

poihumanathu e n o u g h (adj.); sufficient — GufT^LDfTew

( i p ( y ) mulu, ^Sieo muluthumana

entrance; doorway, gateway si;/r
GurrfilT§} pothathu enter (v.) — ^es)Lfi

s^LDLD

(-

48

QUITS,

nalai

- Qurtiii)

samam

e q u a l (adj.) 5=LD sama,

kattayappadutthu S-shQerT Gun ulle po

akila,

(Lp(Lg§lLDITSST

pothumana

n o t e n o u g h ; i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.)

urchagam

S-pmsih

entire (adj.); w h o l e -

pagai,

sSiQrXT^LD virdtham

nulai

(giesiLpss,

ffLDLdirasT

samamana

e q u a l l y (adv.) — 3=LDLDrTai

49

samamaga

equalize ( v . t ) ; m a k e equal -

establish ( v . t ) ; i n s t a l l -

rsmL(S) nam

samamdkku

ffLDLDn'S(g

(jsm'.i_, rgrriljj).) equal (v.); resemble -

establishment, organization — ^emLDLJLj

equal (adj.) 'S^UUrresT

amaippu

e s t i m a t e (v.t.) oppana

(X)@

IM^ULSQ)

oppaga

e s t i m a t i o n (n.); value -

upakaranam

&.usp-emLD

LD^uq

era (n.); season; t i m e -

ePLDLDrrsnT samamana

thappitthal,

sgL_fib thappu odal

a s u _ kii4a,

(^uiSss,

thappu ^uiS); thappi

-P I'n -urn

e v e n t h o u g h (conj.) — ^asTrroilLD

analum

e v e n t h e n , nevertheless —

^IJLSI^);

eTeJrprreoiLD thappi(tthu) odu (- g L , - g q . ) (LpsS}uJLDfTeu

muj!S]STTS0ls>

sayahgalam

mukkiyamana e v e n i n g (general) -

especially (adv.), specially (LpeSliULDfTS

enralum

e v e n i n g ( 4 p . m . t i l l dark) -

especial (adj.); i m p o r t a n t -

s^fTiLl^^p'LD

-

mukkiyamaga

sayanthiram

e v e n i n g ; garland, n e c k l a c e -

inrretneo 50

e v e n t (n.) s=LDUeuLD /^ffiipff^

Q^e/Hexjrrmr

sambavam,

^ss)LD

nigalcchi eppothum,

keduthal

e v i l (adj..); h a r m f u l QesQl^eoiTSST keduthalana,

enraikkum

^lu

e v e r l a s t i n g (adj.) -

thiya [before nouns]

e v o l v e ( v . i . ) ; b e g i n t o exist
nirantharamana e v e r y (adj.) -

e v o l v e (v.t.); create; cause —

«^sijQeL/n'(f5

G^rriT)gi]e&

ovvoru

G^/r/f)gyo5}^^)

e x a c t (adj.) -

ellSrum,

STSuGsufr(75ti)

thormvi

{Q^fTpiT^sSl&s^,

e v e r y o n e (pron.) -

ffl^iturresr)

ovvoruvarum

sariiyana)

e x a c t l y (adv.) 3=iflujn'3;

e v e r y t h i n g (pron.) elldm,

^si/Qsiy/rssTgy/i

sariydga

e x a m i n a t i o n (educational) G^/JSI/

ovvonrum

thervu

e x a m i n e ( v . ) ; investigate

e v e r y w h e r e (adv.); wherever «Tffi/(gib ehgum, eriilGxiLjli} engeyum, ^ISJStEjQa

thlmai,

QsiQi^eO

e v e r (adv.) -

sTsbsu/rii

thelivana

e v i l (n.); h a r m -

s^ajQe)jrr(i^e)j(§uy

e v e n (adv.); also -

escape (v.) ^ULl {0UU, £BULS

mathippidu

e v e n (equal) (adj.); s m o o t h -

escape (n.) §ULl

mathippu,

LD^ULSQt

eatreoLn kalam

s^UiSl^sseo

mathippidu

e v i d e n t (adj.) -

samam

loT&sTenipsiiQLCi

(-i)'-. -g)il®)

e q u i p m e n t (n.) -

ffLULD

eruGun^LD

mathi

equally (adv.) e^ULma

evenness (n.); equality -

^[rrnu srsy

-

e x a m i n e ( m e d . lab.) (v.) —

angange

UlflGfflT^

e v i d e n c e (n.) OTSSWU sanru,

parisothi

(ufflGffrrgffiffi,

ui^Gffn^0gi)

e x a i n i n e r (n.) -

miL&\

Uffi(3a^/T^«/r

mdlai 51

parisothagar

e x a m i a a t i o n (med. lab.) (n.) uiWSffrr^aneisr

excel ( v . ) ; be distinguished fflp

e x c i t e m e n t (n.) S)efTpr3:^

parisothanai

sira

e x h i b i t ( i o n ) (n.) -

kijarcchi

seisramL^

excite (v.t.); motivate -

exist ( v . i . )

§nem(Si thlindu

Slp^)

excitement (n.); motivation -

sirappu

^em(S>ss
excellent (adj.) ^p^^ ^ptllUfTssr

sirappana

excellently (adv.) SlpiJurra

uyeiresfllJLi LDSsrssfl

^@«U)

athigam,

exchange (v.t.) -

-

seyalanu -

^S.SisS\Qi

thukkilidu

i-Q^nskerr, -Q«/rsMT(5)); LOlTip^

inarm

^s^GoGurrQl {-Gum-,

exchange ( v . t ) ; serve ( f o o d ) ui^LDiTtrj

UuSlpSl ainsisnSl

parimarram

payirchi kanbi

{sifressriSlmsi, mn^iSt^^y,

excite ( v . t . ) , p r o v o k e S\
-GuiTtL(Si)

e x h i b i t (v.L)

exchange (n.) u/i?LDnp/DLb

thukkilpddu

exercise (n.); t r a i n i n g -

parimaru

(u/Sto/rj), uiHwaifi)

satLQ\

{ISimp, SimnSI)

-

Q5)/fla;/r
virivakku

panacchelavu experience (n.); enjoyment —

-^aQ)

aSliflojrrsi

h a n g ( & thus e x e c u t e ) (v.t.) — pariindrikkol

selavu,

anubavam e x p e r i e n c e d (adj.) -

virivana

e x p a n s i v e l y (adv.) -

QaitresTt^)

virivaga

anubavamulla e x p e r i e n c e ( v . i . ) ; feel —

e x p a n d (v.t.); s p r e a d urfULj

uQi

padu

parappu ^es)lueS}

e x p a n s e (n.) Uljiji^

-

parappu

anubavi

(cS^gyuaSaat,

^^ueSl^gi)

e x p e r i m e n t (n.) —

expand (v.i.); multiply — Qu(r^(g

parisothanai

perugu

( Q u o * , £)u(gS))

e x p e r i m e n t (v.)

-

expand (v.t); increaseQu(i}a(g

parisothanai seythu par (- unfiaa, - urrpr^gj)

perukku

(am',/ .,
52

ethirpar

e x p e n d i t u r e (n.), e x p e n s e -

vali

sSlftteuiresT

kol

(QxrraJeo,

undu (pred.)

e x p a n s i v e (adj.) -

execute ( k i l l ) (v.t.) Q«/rsb

s^em®

ST^/TUnvr

valnthiru

-^is^si);

(-g)C5ffi«,

e x p a n d (v.)

(-^pp, -^a.pjS')

mithi

sil/ry)^@(25

(veliyS pogum)

manni

Qffiueorrp^

excess ( n , ) ; r e m a i n d e r LS^

mannippu

execute (carry out) (v.t.)

thavira

viri

(a5)/fliu, Q5)*(5sy)

e x i t (n.) -

excuse ( v . t . ) ; f o r g i v e -

sirappaga

except; besides ^eS\r!

thuiiduthal

excuse (n.) -

sirantha,

aSli^

-

expect ( v . t ) ; wait f o r -

excellence (n.) Stn)Ui-f

e x p a n d ( v . i . ) ; open; e x t e n d -

kangatchi

53

expert (n.) -

express (fast) (adj.) -

rilLjsm^ nipunar

eSletniJisif viraivu, sSlemcreun'esr viraivdna

expertise (n.) ^Liem^^ojLD

quickly (adv.) -

nipunatthuvam, ^pas)Ln thiramai

eSlwrreurra I eSlsjnp-aSliAi viraivaga I viraivil

expert (adj.) -

^panLDiUiran' thiramaiyana extend (v.t.) ^il(jl nittu {$tLi-, ^Cisj.) ex-pertiy (adv.) extend (time) (v.i.); last^pas)UMJ[TS thiramaiySga $LS\. nidi (if^.dEffi,/fi^j.^^) explain (v.t.) -

extension (of service, etc.) -

oSlsffffiQ vilakhi

(G)5l6ir
explanation (n.) aSlsffasffizi vilakkam, eSlerra(3j6ieb vilakkuthal explode (v.) -

Qexis/HiUfTesr veliydna, QevsfflULjp velippura Qoje/H veli

extra, as much as possible — athiga, LEleinstufTear migaiydna

faa(v.i.)-

^sygU thavaru

extreme (adj.) —

^ ^ < B athiga, LSleosi migai, miguntha

£Seu0^eo

thavaruthal

^eurpaem

thavardna

^euprrs

thavardga

Sl5)ffl viri (fflS)(f)ffi«, aSlffi^^)

Siem kan

kan buritvam

mistakenly (adv.) -

explore (v.t); investigate -

extensiveness (n.); expansion — oSfflo/ virivu extent (n.); expanse -

facility (n.); convenience -

extent (n.); limit; amount; measiure — cjysiTa/ alavu

with facility (adv.), easily -

oS/flsun"* virivdga

54

failure (n.) —

eyebrow (n.) F face (n.); mouth (of river) -

I

thdlirch&lai

^ @ < 9 5

explore (new territory) (v.t.) - extensive (adj.); expansive aSllftexirresr virivana uiuemLD Qfftu^ ^fl5) extensively; expansively payanam seythu ari express (one's feelings) — Qexie/HsxmLQ] velilckam {-am' , -am" ii;.)

factory (n.) —

mistake (n.), error — assuffjy thavaru mistaken (adj.) —

siS)rf5 viri (eSliHiu, sSlifl^gi)

(3^i4.urTir thedipSr

nadanthakariyam, s_essres)LD unmai

the external, outside (n.) -

eye (n.) -

extend to (v.i.); expand-

(- ^tiSlas, - ^fSlmi)

fact (n.) -

^Uf-ULj n'ldippu

extend (v.t.); expand -

QexJLq. vedi

external (adj.); foreign -

uriULf parappu

(LpaiM mugam

faint (v.i.) -

mayangi vilu

(- oSyj, - eS](ig^si) fainting (n.); confusion LDluAaiLh mayakkam,

sns^^ vasathi

LDUJISjSllSlSI(Lp^ed

facile (adj.), easy — eus^^iu[rem eus'^iurrs

vasathiyana

mayahgiviluthal

fair (honest, etc.) (adj.) -

GrspremLDiutresT nermaiyana

vasthiydga

55

fairness (n.) GfSiranLD nermai fair (moderate) (adj.) -

deception (n.) -

QurreSl psli

false (adj.), deceptive -

s-ixfrp'frs sumardga

fair (beautiful) (adj.) ^LpsrresT alagana faith; belief; confidence — fSLDLSsans; nambikkai faithful (adj.)^iMiSaecia a_srrsyr nambikkai ulla, rsLodlsesisiLirrssr

nambikkaiydna faithfiilly (adv.) nambikkaiyaga fall(v.i.)Q5!(y) vilu (a5)ip, eSI(i^gi) faBen (adj.) — eSl(Lp^sS viluntha false (adj.) -

QuiTiuiunest poyyana

falsely (adv.) -

Qumuiurrs; poyySga QuaiLi poy

falsehood (n.) liar (n.) -

Qunihium poyym

QurreSiiunem poliyana

falsely (adv.), deceptively -

GurreSliufTS poUySga

fame (n.) L-j'X^ pugal famous (adj.) q&(L^metT pugalulla, LfSipQupp pugalperra famously (adv.) LjSLpfTiS pugalaga family (n.) (^QlLDULD kudumbam fan (electric & hand) (n.) eSl^n^l visiri far (distance) (n.) glTCnJD dhuram far (adj.) ^pTLorresr dhuramSna so far (tUl now) euemrr

ithu varai fare (n.); f e e (SSLLt-SssTLb kattanam farm (n.) —

uemes)em pannai

56

farm (v.) Uiz5)/fl(51 payiridu

grow fat (v.i.) QarrcLp kolu

(-g)L, -g)L.0)

corpulence (n.) — Q
farmer (n.) e)5}aja=nuS} vivasdyi farmhand (n.) — usraranswiu/Tfifr pannaiydl farming (n.), agriculture — GeuemrsiwsinLD velanmal, aSfaja^rriLiLb vivasdyam farther, beyond; moreover ^ULjtpLD appuram beyond (in space) — ^ULjpiSs appuram,

Q&nqgs,^

koluttha

(^©*, =s^(gS)

57

f e a r f u l (adj.)

-

urr^isi
payangaramdna

foot (sing.)

f e a r f u l l y (adv.)

-

uiuaisirTLDrrei

f e m i n i n e (adj.)

UlULSeoeoats ^(^fffT^

payamillatha,

anj'atha

fearlessly (adv.) ^l^ffrTLDeo

-

^(^s=rranLD

anjamai

eSlq^^^

virunthu

fee (n.); fare

feed (v.L)

£ . s w a / ^ s r S unavu (- ^sSlsia,

-

euemb

ali

sSliprr

feed (animals) (v.i.); s n a c k ^sar

thin

feel (v.i.); realize; recognize &.em^ unar (a.srarjr,

valarmana

-

kodiya,

(adv.)

•xaUJS'SFei)

figvure

juram

58

Q'oram)

(n.); f o r m

s^(§eiJLD

sey

-

murtthi

fiU(v.t.)rUffULf

nirappu

(n. o r adj.) -

pathinainthu fifteenth

santiai

uruvam,

gp!r^@

n a t u r e (n.) —

nirai

Q^cinp«
-

fill

(v.i.)

pathinainthavathu,

(jgldwu, filth

feeling(s), sensation(s) s^emffffS) unarcchi

QsFUJ

-

r^rrthq kaycchal,

sandaiyidu

- Qffiu^)

f^emp thiruvild

(adj.)

-

sandai

(- Qffiijiu,

f e v e r (n.) -

s-essrffpgi)

(n.); quarrel

ff(smes)L^ -

payangaram fifteen

Vila

aimbatliavathu,

fight (V.)o^emsmL^uSIQ)

uiuriiap'LD

valam

^(§aSlLprT

-

fight

payangaramdga fierce

religious festival (n.) -

(glsSror, g d r n ] / )

-

aimbathdm

ffsmemL^

-

uujmsirjLnnai

-

festival (n.); celebration

^s^^gi)

-

payangaramdna

f e r t i l i t y (n.) -

-

field)

vayal

(adj.)

QsnTLs^iu

fiercely

enefT^LDfrear

kattanam

aimbathu

uiufaiscTLDiTesr

penbal

veil

f e r t i l e (adj.)

-

ffiLLsuKTLO

a/iusb

fence (n.) QojeSi

(adj. only)

-

(n. o r adj.)

^LDU^mh

(esp. p a d d y

fierce

penmai

f e m i n i n e g e n d e r (n.) -

feast (n.); f o o d f o r guests -

(n. or adj.)

fiftieth

silaporulgal field

Qusmurreo

ainthdvathu,

^LOU^neu^

f e m i n i n i t y (n.) -

fearlessness (n.) -

-

ainthdm

^LDU^

-

-

QusssremLDiufTesr

QuessremLO

silaper

a f e w (things)

penmaijana

anjamal

^^^fTLD

-

fifty

fflsuGu/j"

-

pen

(n. o r adj.)

g/H^/rsii^

silar,

patham

QL/CW

fifth

-

sila

a f e w (persons)

f e m a l e (n.); w o m a n -

^su

pathahgal -

UfTSSLD

payangaramdga fearless (adj.)

f e w (adj.)

feet ( p i . ) -

utuiBjaiprmiTarr

pathinainthdm

(adj. only)

nirambu iglpiiiiSI)

(n.); dirty laundry

^ ( t p « ( g

59

alukku

-

dirtiness (n.) ^Si^^LD asutlham dirty (adj.) ^m-0£5LDrrew asutthamana, ^(tgaanesr alukkana dirtily (adv.) ^»^^U)/r
fine (o.k.); correct (adj.) fffttiurTSST sariydna fine (detailed) (adj.); b e s t S«3/5^ siranthu finger (n.); t o e sS\ueo viral finger (n.) ernsi a51fT kai viral finish (v.i.); come to an end (Lfiis^ mudi ((Lpui.iu, (Lpuj-^gi) finish (v.t.); complete (tptif, mudi ((yii4.«ffi, (ipu).^^) finished (adj.); completed (LpLSj-eurrsur mudivSna, (LfiU)^^ mudintha fire (n.) Qrs(f^uq neruppu, ^ ihi firewood (n.) Ei5)ff)(g viragu firm (adj.) — S-iriJ^lurresr uruthiyana firmness; hardness; certainty S-gi]^ uruthi first (n.); beginning — (i/)fl5sb muthal, (lfiS,
60

first (adj.) (Lp^eOfTLD muthalam fish (n.) u?sJr m m fisherman (n.) iSmajp' minavar fishing-boat (n.) -

iSeir iSluj. U ( _ ( g

mm pldi padagu fishing-net (n.) LSOST LSILS^.

evansD

minpidi valai five (n. or adj.) gi/5as/ ainthu fix (arrange) (v.t.) ^pfLDtTstsfl thtrmdni (g!7io/r6iifl««,

^LDirasfl^)

fixed (adj.), arranged thirmanikka-p-perra fix (repair) (v.t.) U(y)j5/U/7/T paluthu-par

(- uirfsx, - unu^^)

flag (n.); v i n e -

Qsmsj- kodi

flat (adj.); smooth -r ^Ces)L-iurre!!T thattaiyana, •9^LO0GfrLnfT^ samathalamdna

flatness (n.), smoothness —

^Ces)L-

thattai,

SFLD^etTLD samathalam flavor (n.); t a s t e aKsneu suvai, (f^& rusi flaw (n.); l a c k -

(S,SS)p{un(Si)

kurai(padu)

flee (v.i.), run away -

(^Uf-uGufT odippo

(-Guira, -GuiTili) flesh (n.); m e a t ^iSDir#© iraicchi float (v.i.) LEI^ mitha (iflas**, i&es^gi) float (v.t.) LB^A'X snev mithakka vai (- saisusffi, - Hnoj^g/) elation (n.), euphoria — uSI^ULj mithappu flood ( n . ) QeueaefTLD vellam floor (n.) ^etnrt tharai, s^etrisi tlialam flour (n.) Lo/ray mavu flourish (v.i.) o5)srrjif@ vilangu (sSeniiia;, tSlmiiiSi)

61

flow

(v.i.); leak; d r i b b l e "LugU {^(Lpa,

9(iP(S

f o l l o w i n g (n.) ^(Lffgl)

fgL-/

ih

iSeirexid^Slp

ottam

fluid

madaiyan

anu^^iuLDrreur paitthiyamana ('crazy') f o o l i s h l y (adv.) -

thiravam

fly (insect) (n.) FF I

madatthanamaga

fly (v.i.); m o v e s w i f t l y urr)

para

(upas;,

foolishness (n.); s t u p i d i t y -

up^)

LDL^anLD

fog (n.); m i s t ; d e w uasfl

mudu

pani

SP(i)

(ffi/Tsb) ^is}. (kal) adi,

uasfiiLiefrerr

urr^lh

patham

f o o t (n.); l e g ; quarter (1/4) -

f o l l o w (v.t.) i5sar Q t F s b pin sel (- Qffsoeo, ~ (oi3=&srn)])', iSlet Q^rrupi pin thodar (- Q^(n_ij-, - ffl^iTMJ^^)

eruQuirgjiM

balamaga

LD/D mara

valimaiyana

f o r c e f u l l y (adv.), p o w e r f u l l y OJQSSWLDIU/TIB

valimaiyaga

^^^UJluneir

f o r e i g n c o u n t r y (n.) ^lUeOfBirQl

wip^iunesT

f o r (conj.); since, b e c a u s e aga, i^jQesisisripiTtso

LDp^

ayal-nadu,

-

marathi

f o r g e t f u l p e r s o n (n.) — inp^aaiaij^

marathikkarar

forgive (v.t) iijsirssfl manni forgive (v.t) Loe5Tfflifl^a5;a5)(5) mannitthuvidu

veli-nMu

(-aSL_, -n5)L.S))

ayalnattukkarar,

f o r g i v e n e s s (n.) —

velirmttukkSrar

f o r g i v e [mistake-tolerate] -

LDsirssfluLf f o r e i g n (adj.); external -

(^ippLD

veli,

^^rilujLDlTGisr

kurram anniyamana

sfrQi

mannippu QufTgu poru

(- Q u n j y A s , -

f o r e s t ( u n i n h a b i t e d l a n d ) (u.) enenral

wp^gi)

marathiyana

f o r g e t f u l n e s s (n.) -

veli,

anniyamdna

Qsiys»S/5ff(51

(iMpas,

f o r g e t f u l (adj.) -

f o r c e f u l (adj.), p o w e r f u l -

f o r e i g n (adj.) ^iueo ayal, QeueM

eppoluthum

forget (v.t) -

valimai

OJeSIanLDluiTesr

eppothum,

toTuQufTQ^i^lh

f o r c e (n.), m i g h t , p o w e r -

QojsrS

S f r s b Ml

62

balamana

^iueo!BrTiL(S)s;£i;rrprpr

f o o t (n.) -

paniyuUa

USOLD/TiSS

ennim

a l w a y s (adv.); w h e n e v e r -

f o r e i g n e r ( s ) (n.) -

cS^Uf. adi

foggy (adj.) mOdu

madatthanam

f o o t (n.); step; b o t t o m ; base -

t h i c k f o g (n.) ( i p ( i l uasfl

madamai,

LDL^^esmiM

pani

uevLDrreiST

eijeSlas)LD

(ifiLLL^rreh^esruDrreisr muttalthanamdna,

nirmam,

^[TSULb

mUttal,

Lxtemi^iueir

(n.) -

0p'LDLD

sTssrnj/Lb

balam

f o r c e f u l l y (adv.); s t r o n g l y -

f o o l i s h (adj.) -

y pu

malar,

pinvarugira

(y)(-Li_/Tsfr

(n.), b l o s s o m -

LDSU^

usOii)

f o r c e f u l (adj.); s t r o n g -

f o o l (n.) -

let flow d o w n (v.t.) •flower

pinvarum

f o l l o w i n g (adj.) -

flow (as o f water) (n.) -

f o r e v e r (adv.) —

f o r c e (n.); strength -

LSlsweu(f^LD

f o r k (n.) ffiQJ(i) kavadu

kddu

63

Quni^^gi)

form (n.); images_((5SULb uruvam, (Lp^^^ murtthi

former (adj.) (LpsJr

inun,

munthiya formerly; in front of (Lp^^lU

(Lpasr mun,

(LpesTLj munbu, (LpanQesT munne, (LpesrssTfTSO murmal, (LpemssrnQeo munnale

forty (n. or adj.) rSfrpugl rmrpathu fortieth (n. or adj.) — rsrripu^fTeiJ^

narpathavathu,

fSfTpu^fTLD

fourth (n. or adj.) -

fgrrcirasfTaj^ nSngavathu, rsirdsTsmli nangam (adj.)

fourteen (n. or adj.) U^n5fT£sr@ pathinangu fourteenth (n. or adj.) pathirmngdvathu,

(adj. only) free (independent) (adj.) pathinangSm

suthanthiramana

freely (independently) (adv.) — suthanthiramaga

freedom (independence) (n.) •K^^^pTlh

suthanthiram

free (of cost) (adj.) -

Lf^iu purhlya, LDtiiarf^ mangdtha

Friday; Venus (planet) QeusfrsyS velli Friday (n.) QajefrefHaSlLpeiMis vellikkilamai

friend (f.) ^GrsSl^ Gssnrifi

tholi

sinegithi,

friend (m.) S)QrsSl^eir

sinegithan, G^lTLpeir tholan, rgsssruesr nanban, Qpg^eir nesan

^ei)aja={L£>rresr)

ilavasa(jnuna)

friendship (n.) -

^evojffLDfT'X

ilavasamdga

G^rrLpemLD rSL-L-l natpu,

freely (without cost) (adv.) -

(adj. only) freedom (from cost) (n.) forward (adj.) ^SDSi/ffii ilavasam (LpanQeu munne, freedom (liberation) (n.) eSiQt^emso viduthalai (LpasjQssmsSliu fresh (adj.); green; cool — munnokkiya Lls=e!!)£F pacchai forward (adv.) QposiQesmsiSl munndkki fom: (n. or adj.) 64 (Bireir^g nangu narpatlmm

fresh (adj.), new -

^GfBSLD

sinegam,

thdlamai,

Grsd'LD nesam

fright (n.), terrorUUJLD

payam,

uaJISJsrrLD

payahgaram

frighten (v.t.), terrify utU(LpgU^^

payamurutthu

frightful (adj.) uiuiiiaijwneisr payahgaramana

frightfully (adv.) UlUlilSilTLDITS

payahgaramdga

be frightened (v.i.) ^QiS,S\®

thidukkidu

-^(§^§1 -idatthirunthu, -idatthilinmthu

-inmthu,

0(Si«g)i_, @®i«g)il0) frog (n.) ^ajsnsrr thavalai from (prep.) — front (n.) (LpemLjpLD (LpasiuaiSiUi

front end (n.) — (y)S3ru«
munpuram, munpakkam munpakkam

frown (v.i.); wrinWe «(T5/i/@ surungu (ffiOiaa, ^(gis/S) fruit (ripe) (n.) ULfiLD

fuel (n.) -

palam

eTl?lQurT(§erT

65

erlporul

fulfilment (n.) i§las)peij niraivu

fuU(adjOf^
be fuU (v.i.) -

niraintha

(ilanp nirai

fun (n.); g a m e -

eSlmeaiuniLQt vilaiyattu

function (n.); performance fflsyis:^

nigalcchi

funeral; death [Spk. Tam.] ffireif

sdvu

furious (adj.), fierce —

Qmms^uj kodiya

further (distance) (adv.) -

athiga dhuratthiluUa

further (moreover) (adv.) QlSieoiLD

melum

furthermore (adv.) -

^sirOTy/i innum

future (n.) ST^j'ffi/rsuiii future (adj.) -

ethirkalam

sr^^srreo ethirkala

futurity (n.); opposite-

G

gather (v.t.); collect —

gain (n.); p r o f i t eviTUlM

^!jC®

labam

gain a profit (v.); profit — eorrULD Qugu Idbam (- Qufo, - Qupn^i)

pent

gain (v.L); profit; get Qugj pent (Glup, Qupgu) g a m e (n.); fun -

eSlemerriumLQ)

vilaiyattu

garden (n.) (S^ff"lli_U) thottam gardener (n.) -

thirattu

Oo-Ci-, @£nli4.) gecko (wall lizard) (n.) ueceSl

gem (n.) -

palli

Cr^^eSTLD [j^^emsseo

ratthinam, raithina-k-kal

general (adj.); usual Qun^'sijrTesT pothuvana generation (n.); tradition gentle (adj.) —

parambarai

QiD^euiTssr

garland (n.); evening (p.m.) -

get (v.); receive -

flower garland (n.) -

get (v.t.); obtain -

LD[Tas)&> malai

garland (s.o., sth.) (v.t.) LDiremsv GunQi malai (- C«un-i_, - Gu/TL.®)

podu

^eSl

vdyu, avi

gate(n.)ajiTS^sc

ethir, ffr^Grr ethire

vasal,

eurruSleo sssei/

66

(Qup, Qu/pgy)

adai

surr^fg

vahgu

kathavu

bring down (v.t.) irakku

^(ig^Sl)

elunlhiru

(-g)@««, -g)(!5!5S/) make get u p (v.t.) ~ eT(LpULj eluppu (s7(y)UU, eiQ^uiS)

ghee (clarified butter) QrsuJ

ney

gift(n.)-

,^GBTUSIS)L;L/ anbalippu, Q«/TisinL_ kodai, Ulfis? parisu

ginger (n.) ^(^^

inji

girl (n.); woman -

Quern pen, QueisnS\ehes)efT

get (v.t); buy; r e c e i v e -

^ f f 3 E / @ irangu (g)53E;«, ^piiiSi)

vayil

eT(Lp eht {sTLp,

get u p (from resting) (v.i.) -

methuvana

(euaiiia, ajmiiSl] get do>vn (v.i.); descend -

gas (air, steam, etc.) OjfTlLj

QugU peru ^emi-^

y LDrrsmev pu malai

^ g j j eru (^rp, ?7j5))

get u p (v.i.); awake ST(y);5@(5

urfLDUemp'

thottakkaran

get on (to a bus, etc.) (v.i.) -

penpillai

give (v.t.); give away -

Qsn®

kodu

give (v.t.) -

^fT tha (asiJ.^iSS/)

give (v.t.); offer; r e n d e r cS/sifl ali (^siSffi65,

(@(D««, g)p«ffi) 67

^sS^gj)

glass (n.); eyeglasses; m i r r o r sememrn^ kannSdi glass (tumbler) (n.) i_tbs)T/j' tamlar glow (v.i.); burn; be angry sr/S eri (si/fliu, m/ii^§i) go (v.i.) Qun pd (GurTm,Guiriu) go (v.i.); f o l l o w Qffeo sel (Q«UEu, Qffeirgii) goal (aim) (n.) (seyaljndkkam goat (n.) ^® Sdu, QsuerrefTa(S> velladu God (n.) c^swL-QJ/r andavar,

ffiLsi^srr kadavul,

^ e n p e u s J r imivan going (n.); practice; habit Gurrs(^ pokku gold (n.) QufTek pon, ^ISJSLD tlmngam good (adj.) /jsbsu nalla

a good thing (n.) / g s b s u ^ nallathu nicely (adv.); well /5sa7(g nangu, fSasTpirai nanraga good m a n (n.) /gsbsusi/sJT nallavan goodness (n.) flSsirsnLD nanmai goodbye; greetings ffiUSsWcScffiLb vanakkam goodbye ("I'll go & come.") -

Gurnu eii(§SlGpeiT.

'Pay varugiren.' ("We'll go and come.") Gurnu eiJ(§SGprTLD. 'Poyvarugirom.' ("Go and come.") — Gurnu eurT(§ii]3ie}r. 'Pay varungal.' goods (n.); possession(s) ffrrmrreir sSman goods; meaning; matter G)urr(§isrr porul government (n.) ^rferrrisisih arasangam g o v t (n.); k i n g d o m c^/7» arasu

68

govern (v.t.) ^LL& Qs=lij atchi sey (- Qffo/iu, - Qfftij^) government; administration ^tl.® atchi grab (v.L); catch iStS^ pidi (LSIuf-am, LSUI.$^) gradual (adj.), 'step by step' uiJi.uuLii.ujrrevr padippadiydna grain (paddy, etc.) (n.) ^rresfluJLD dhaniyam grandchild (n.) Gurrs(gLp^e!n^ perakkulanthai g r a n d d a u g h t e r (n.) Gu0^ petthi grandfather (n.) ^ns,^n thattha, urTL.i—esrrrp' pattanar g r a n d m o t h e r (n.) urriLisi. patti, umLLSj-iurrp^ p&ttiyar grandson (n.) Guijasr peran grape(s) (n.) ^irmLanff thiratchai

grass (n.) Lfeo pul g r a y (ash color) (n. or adj.) s^rriaueo

(r^piii)

sdmbal (niram) graze (v.i.) (BLDIU mey {Gwiu, Giadj^sj) great (adj.); important; big Qutfliu periya greatness (n.); nobleness Qu(r^ss)U>

perumai

green (adj.); fresh U3=es)ff pacchai greetings; goodbye euemssiLD vanakkam grief (n.); suffering ^AaLD dhukkam grind (v.t.) ^emrj arai ground; agricultural land 0)eULD nilam group (n.) ©(y

ki'iji,

G)^/7(g@ thoguthi g r o w (v.i.) euenir valar

(suffltrp-, ajen)^§l)

69

g r o w (make g r o w ) (v.t.) si/srr/7

valar

g r o w t h (nO

LDuSliX

(Lpt^.

valamhi

g u a r d (n.) -

{siTuuiTpp,

-arrCui.)

s^LOU&JLO

urr^ujns(g

pathiydkku

euiflaaiLLq.

mlikatti

«v(_ti

(gppQfierrerr

S!n«

kurmmulla,

thongavidu -

thohgu

H h a b i t ( n . ) ; custom -

h a n g (execute) ( v . t . ) ^«S)si5)(5)

valakkam

(-g)L., - © L - f i l ) ; gjjsSlsoQuiTQi

(palakkam)

h a b i t ( n . ) ; practice; g o i n g -

GurrsiQ

Qsms^iU sQiesiLD

kadmnai

^euffrxih

aTJCS^/rsi^ii h a p p y (adj.)

avasarappadu ( - u i _ , -uiLCSi)

santhoshamana,

h a t (n.) -

magilcchiydna

hate (v.t.); dislike -

Q^mliiSI hardness (n.);

thUkkilpodu

-

santhosham

-

-

thukkilidu

avasaram

hasten (v.i.)

s^giJ^

firmness

thoppi

Qevgu veru

-

urulhi

pokku

70

kodiya

h a r s h n e s s ( n . ) ; sternness -

santhoshamaga

h a n g (be suspended) ( v . i . )

Q^nai(^

thlmaiyarra

h a r s h (adj.) -

h a p p i n e s s ( n . ) ; pleasure -

(-aSlL-, - S I S L . ® )

kurramullavan

^emLDlupp

magilcchi

thlinaiyulla -

haste (n.); emergency —

kai

Q^nmJs;eS}(pi

g u i l t y p e r s o n (n.) -

^QyiLDiLf&TStT

h a p p U y (adv.) -

-

QiFiugi)

h a r m l e s s (adj.)

(mglLp, LoSyjjBg/)

h a n g ( v . t . ) ; suspend -

kurramana

(- Qffiuiu, -

h a r m f u l (adj.); cruel -

inbam,

LDS)y3#©

kudam

h a n d (n.); arm

g u i l t y (adj.) -

sambavam

be h a p p y ( v . i . ) LDS)yi magil

h a l l ( n . ) ; large r o o m -

kurram

gjsarULO

thlmai,

Qs=iu thmgu sey

happiness (n.); j o y , delight araiyakku

muradana

h a r m (v.t.) -

3=Lbue)Sl^^)

h a p p e n i n g ( n . ) ; occurrence -

pdthi

-

unithiyana,

thlngu

sambavi

(
(-^«ffi, - ^ d j g ) )

g u i l t (n.) -

(gjPpLDTTasi

ffCaueSl

arai

^as^rriUfT3i(Q

valikattu

g u i d e (n.) -

(gppLD

^onLD happen (v.i.); o c c u r -

h a l v e (v.t.) -

-

euifisimLQi i-mmLu,

Ufr@

aiTUuirp^)

a^sru^tuirem

h a r m (n.) -

na4aipent

fSes)L-Qu^

h a r d ( o p p . to soft) (Lpp-l_fTesr

h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; take place -

h a l f (n.) kapparru

afTUunpgU

fj5i—s,m, /si-isja)

mudi

cjysnfr

-

guide (v.L)

mayir

h a l f (n.); w a i s t -

s;aey
nada

h a i r ( o f the head) (n.) -

-

euerrp'ff^

h a p p e n ( v . i . ) ; behave; w a H c -

h a i r ( o f the b o d y ) ( n . ) -

71

hate (n.), h a t r e d -

Qeuguuq

h e a l t h (n.) -

veruppu

WffiLD

h a v e (v.) QmnefT

(giSmih

kol

^euirs^en ^eussr

avargal

(pol.+)

-

Gserr

ivargal

iruthayam {pol.+)

^Qiljq

sildu, veppam

siidu

(mi-, »L-gl)

sun's h e a t (n.) -

h e a d (leader) (a.) -

G)euu5)iA>

thalaivar

ffiswii

thalaivali

ganam

h e a v y (adj.)

h e a d q u a r t e r s (n.) -

SiesT^^ thalaimai

s&STLDlTeiST

aluvalagam

heal (v.i.); calm down

veyil

h e a v i n e s s (n.) -

h e a d a c h e (n.) -

-

cg>/sU(Si[5£!0L_(U

uyartthu

ganattha, ganamana

^eii(f^einL_aj

h e a v i l y (adv.) — urftfLnrrai

72

baramaga

avarudaiya

^isKSs

inge

h e r e ! ( l o o k here!) -

uthavi

g)G^/r

h e l p (v.t.) a_^ffl5) Q3=iu uthavi

sey

helpful (adj.)-

itho

h e r e ! (take i t ! ) ^^^fTQ^lilsen'

intharungal

hereafter (adv.); ^esfl

h e l p ( n . ) , assistant -

inimel

h e r e b y (adv.) -

thunai

^^sw/Tsb

hence (from now on) -

ithanal

h e r e w i t h (adv.) ^^OT5yi_esr

ippothilirunthu

^emmiurreo

ithanudan

hero (n.); s o l d i e r -

h e n c e ( f r o m here) -

h e n c e (therefore)

henceforth-

ini,

^SBACSLDSI)

upayogamana

^ISJSIQ^^^

-

avaludaiya

h e r e (adv.) -

vanakkam

h e l p ( n . ) ; assistance -

gjenestsT

(dat.)

h e r (possess.) ( p o l i t e ) -

heUo! si;
(ace),

avarukku

h e r (possessive) ( f a m . )

g e t h e a t e d ( v . i . ) , get h o t -

thalai

avarai

c?i/si/(T5
(- Glfftuiu, - Qs=fug^)

Qeuuuih

avare thain (pol.)

^exiamp'

uyaram

s-iup^^

S-^eS} aduppu

t^Qi

h e a d ( o f p h y s i c a l b o d y ) (n.) —

^aneveiisSl

(ithayam)

h e a r t h (n.) h e a t ( h i g h t e m p . ) (n.) -

avane than ( f a m . ) ,

^smeueup'

kel ( G a i l a , daC.®)

§ ) ® ^ I U £ i (g)^UJLb)

he h i m s e l f -

^smsu

-

h e a r t ( a n a t o m i c a l ) (n.) -

^ Q j j j ivar ( p o l i t e ) ,

h e r (pron.) (polite) —

kavanam

h e i g h t (n.) a^lurXLD

avalai ( a c e ) ,

^ 6 i / ( g 5 < 5 5 @ avalukku (daL)

heighten (v.t.) -

h e a r ( v . t . ) , l i s t e n ; ask

ivan,

^eup-aerr

aojesTLD

siigamana,

arokiyamana

^ s u / j " avar (polite),

^euemen

baram

h e e d ( n . ) ; care -

^QrxfrQujLDrTesr

avan,

he (this man)

gunam

ffrSiLDtTaST

he [that man) (pron.) — S'/eysir

UlTCriii

h e a l t h y (adj.) -

{Qsnenm, Qsineisr®)

h e r (pron.) (familiar) —

h e a v y l o a d (n.) -

sugam,

ihgirunthu

aSjXeir

vlran

heroine (n.); woman w a r r i o r -

eSiruQuimr

agaiyal

aStXHlSJaanssr

73

vlrappen, viranganai

h e r o i s m (n.) eSfTLD viram h e r o i c (adj.) -

eSlJLEifTssT viramdna

herself (pron.) (familiar) -

^suQm male, EST thane

0nQ

herself (pron.) (poUte) -

^euQrj avare

h i d e (skin) (n.); l e a t h e r -

Q^neo thol

hide (v.t); make disappear-

LoanjD marai

be h i d d e n (v.i.); disappear jLoan/j) marai

(mempiu, ms^fo^^)

h i g h (adv.); far u p —

a_iu(sjr uyare

high (adj.)&.ujpr uyar, a_lu/T/5^ uyamtha, 2_UJ(TLDfr«5r icyaramSna h i g h level (n.) S-lLip' fflsjisu uyar nilai h i g h ; west; above GLDA) mil, GLDGSU mele, QiBeonm melana

h i g h w a y (n.); r o a d — WSiDSW salai,

G}/5(S)(^a=^/rsinsy

h o l d (keep in h a n d ) (v.t.) -

nedunjalai

hill (n.) iosDSU malai, ( g s a r p t b kunram h i m (pron.) (familiar) ^euanasT avanai ( a c e ) , ^ g l / s g ) ; a 5 ( g avanukku (dat.) h i m (pron.) (polite) ^eyaniT avarai ( a c e ) , ^eii(t^S(^ avarukku (dat.) h i m s e l f (reflex.) (fam.) ^GUQGST avane, s^nQasT thane h i m s e l f (reflex.) (polite) — ^ajQp' avare h i p (n.); w a i s t -

g)(J)Ui_/ iduppu

h i s (possessive) avanudaiya (fam.), avarudaiya (pol.) history ( n . ) surysfTfT^ varalSru h i t (v.t.) -

74

(iiii4.ffiffi, iSli4.0gi)

h o l d (n.) -

iSut-Uq pidippu h o l i d a y (n.) -

e)S}Qi(tpeinp (jsrreiT)

vidumurai (nal) holy; 'Mr.' ^(55 thiru h o m e (n.), h o u s e a)7(p vfrfw h o m e t o w n (n.); village; city a a r j r wr, Q3=rT^0 amfr sontha ur h o n e s t (adj.); straight — G^/T ner,

GrsprenLDiurresT

h o n o r (v.L) — perumaippadutthu (o)«srr£ra5) gauravi {QgicnijeSlms, QffiswjraS^sjj) h o n o r a r y (adj.) QaenijeiJ gaurava h o n o r a b l e (adj.) gauravamikka, QsierrtTGULDiTeisT gauravamana h o n o r a b l y (adv.) QxerrpreuLDiTs; gauravamaga h o p e (v.t), believe -

/StJDL/ nambu Qcwu, rswiS)

h o p e (n.); belief; c o n f i d e n c e [SmiSI
nermaiydna h o n e s t y (n.); straightness — Grgp'SsiLO nermai uvJiiia^LCirrstsT h o n e y (n.) payangaramana (S^m then h o r r o r (n.) h o n e y b e e (n.) QuQ^lhutULb perumbayam Gassjf thenl h o r s e (n.) h o n o r (n.); a d e g r e e , d i p l o m a — @@«!n/r kuthirai ULLI^LD pattam

75

h o s p i t a l (n.) -

so m a n y -

^ervu00ll^ LDQ^^^eiiLDemesT

surrTLDfTesr s/TjTib

STsi/susffo/

(S^L^nasr

eppadiyagilum

sudana

pulukkam

h o u r (of day); bell; g e m LDSBJifl mani

^esm^LD

andlum

iSsiuQufftuj

^sSlfXLO

pasi

{uSiam,

avasarappadu (-ui_, - u i l ® ) h u r r y u p ( s o m e o n e ) (v.t.) -

uSi^gi)

pasiyulla

h u n t ( a n i m a l s , e t c . ) (v.t.) G)«i/L_sini_lUfr(S) ( - ^ ( _ , -^Uf.)

avasarappadutthu

{.-u®00,

vettaiyadu

Q^m-UUrrp

^ E / @ Q<3=UJ thlfigu (- Qffiuiu, - Qffdj^i) h u r t ( a c h e ) (v.i.) -

thedippar

h i m t e r (n.) -

Grsn no

vettaikkaran,

h u m a n i t y (n.) -

GeuQlOjeir

h o u s e (n.) -

a3(St vldu

manitha

veduvan

vlttu-k-karan

s,fTifi0^

h u r r i e d (adj.) —

thaltthu

^eus'p'LDrrssr

ethanal

h o w (way in which) Qs:iU(Lpeinro

inam

h u m i l i a t e (v.t.) -

eppadi,

erasssr/TSU

GeusLDfTstsr h u m o r (n.) rSS!n
seymurai

^gll

etthanai

76

nuru

avasaramana, vegamana

I I (pron.) rsnasT

h u r r i e d l y (adv.) nagaicchuvai

h u n d r e d ( n . o r adj.) -

how many? eT0^es)ssr

h u s b a n d (n.) ffiSBJsrsilisir kanavan,

h u r l ( v . t ) ; throw, toss -

h o w ? (by what means?) STUUUi.

sey

{Grsrra, Grsrr^^) manithanukkuriya

neram

-u(Si0^)

h u r t (v.t.) -

one h o u r (of time) oru rimni

sikkiram

be h u n g r y (v.i.), famished -

h t m t ( s e a r c h f o r ) (v.t.) -

miga-p-periya h u m a n [ o f m e n ] (adj.) LDOsFl^ manitha,

vegain,

h u r r y (v.i.); b e rash -

pasi

u^lLjehefr

h u g e (adj.) —

avasaram,

GeuiULD

h u n g r y (adj.) -

however; even though -

h o t & humid (weather, etc.), s u l t r i n e s s (n.) LfQ^ssiLO

ewalavd

sTuuis^iunSlepiih

sudu,

^euffp'lh

nuravathu,

h i m g e r (n.) uff}

'oTsLtsiHon^Gurr

h o t (temp. - n o t weather) -

@(5)

evvalavu

h o w e v e r (in w h a t e v e r m a n n e r ) -

karam

§Ifp[TeJg]

girprrLD n « r a ; n ( a d j . o n l y )

so m u c h , a lot -

karamana

s p i c i n e s s (n.), p u n g e n c y -

etthanaiyo

how much? -

marutthuvamanai h o t (spicey) (adj.) -

h u r r y (n.), haste; emergency -

h u n d r e d t h ( n . o r adj.) -

er^^anesiQiurr

asbatthiri,

^aj3=!X^^eo QeasLDns 9aiStiXLDrrsi

avasaratthil,

nan

i d e a (n.); thought; o p i n i o n •5®^^

vegamaga,

karutthu,

sTSSsrsssni

slkkiramdga

77

ennam

idol (n.); shape; image; f o r m g p j T ^ ^ murtthi if (conj.); if said so (^rehroiTeo enrol, ^esmso anal if s o appadiyanal ignorance (n.); innocenceQa/CTTfflnsrr vellai ignorance (n.) ^^iLitTonLD ariyamai . ignorant (adj.) -

^l^iunes

ariyatha

^gi&Sliu

asukkiya

ill (adj.); indisposed -

imagine (v.) -

improve (v.) -

karpanai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qa^iu^y, ennippdr (-unffoa, -un^^gi) imitate (v.t.) LSleirupiru

pinparru

(ijJrirupj), iSmuf)^) immaturity; youth; tenderness ^CfremLD ilamai immediate (adj.) udanadiyana immediately (adv.); right after^L-QGST

tidane

impatience (n.); irritation iUness (n.); disease ^0^rTLD atthiram QfBfTUj noy impatient (adj.) illumination (n.); lamp ^ai^rjLDrresr atthiramana si5)«Tr65(g vilakku impatiently (adv.) image (n.); shape, form; idol - ^^^[TLDrrs dtthiramaga importance (n.); primary thing — g p j T ^ ^ murtthi (Lps&lULD mukkiyam imagination; inventiveness — important (adj.); big ai)Umesr karpana! (Lp«S)uj(u)n'(Sw) imagine (v.L); keep mukkiya(mana), vaitthukkol QufHiu periya (-QafTOTOT, -Q«/TKsir(jl); 78

munnerrappadutthu

increase (v.t); multiply Qu(§a(Q perukku

independence (n.) improvement (n.); r e f o r m sutlianthiram (ipenQestpipLn munnerram independent (adj.) in (prep.) -^so -il, s^ehGen ulle suthanthiramana in order to, so that — independence (freedom) (n.) ULSj. padi Q5)(51^ensu viduthalai incident (n.) industry; work; occupation f&ay>S=^ nigalcchi incite (v.t.) tholil(thurai) ^em(^ thundu influence (v.t.) — Qa^eoeurrssisfil selvakkali include (v.t.) (-<^6i9««, -^sfH^gi) s_srTsrn_«@ uUadakku influence (n.) (-^(_«ffi, -,^i_«g)); Qc?aba//r
keduthal

i n s u f f i c i e n c y (n.) -

sey

i n s a n i t j ' (n.)

i n j u r y (n.) ^anU)

thimai,

Qffi(5)@

enin

a _ s K B s w uUe i n s p e c t (v.t.) — GsFfT^

vellai

install (v.t.); c o n s t r u c t . ^sniM

kurramarrathaiimai

i n n o c e n t (adj.) (e^ppLapp

amai

erv^rTLS

sthabi

(au^/rtSffi«, av0irLS^gi) i n s t e a d (adv.) -

podu

U^SDna

(- G u f f i _ , - G u f f i l © )

pathilaga

u^
sssS\

^emiMULj

paitthiya

pathil amaippu,

rSgtlOJesTLD niruvanam

i n s a n e p e r s o n (n.) —

i n s t r u m e n t (n.); tool; weapon — r^lLj^Lo

(m.).

U00rr^

^a/ui0

T

i n s u l t (n.) -

ayutham

i n t e r v a l (n.); m i d d l e — ^esiL-

avamathi

idai

i n t e r v e n e (v.t.) (^gUdQQi

i n t e l l i g e n c e (n.); k n o w l e d g e -

kurukkidu

( ( g a / f f l S i _ , ggi/ffi®!!®)

avamathippu

i n t e r v e n t i o n (n.) @ffy<55S(5)

arivu

intelligent; knowledgeable ^nSlei^enerr

-

kurukkidu

i n t r o d u c t i o n (n.)

arimugam

^^(LpsiLb

arivulja

i n v a d e (v.t.) -

i n t e n s e (adj.) -

usni—

thivira,

^eSIp'LDfTesT

i n v a s i o n (n.)

vegamaga

edu

-

padaiyeduppu

i n v e n t (v.t.); d i s c o v e r -

vegam

i n t e n t i o n (n.); t h o u g h t -

padai

uesiL-QiuQiULi

thiviram

intensely (adv.); quickly

ST(5)

(- ffr®ffiffi, - E T ® ^ ^ )

thiviramana

i n t e n s i t y (n.); s p e e d -

GeusLDfTSi

kurukkidu

((g2V«©i_, © f f y « © L . ® )

kumicclmldga

^euLD^ULj

Gsi/aLD

kurukkiduthal,

(ggy
interfere (v.t.); interrupt @g!/«S)(5) kurukkidu

i n s u l t (v.t) -

!

eremsssru)

SO

patthathu

(^emptFffeufTs;

$aSl[r

arvam

(gffy
i n s u f f i c i e n t l y (adv.) -

^eSlljLD

i n s t i t u t i o n (n.); establishment-

i n s a n e (adj.) -

kuraicchalSna

kuraintha,

i n t e n s i t y (n.); r a d i c a l i s m -

instead o f -

i n o c u l a t i o n (n.); n e e d l e -

paitthiyakaran

I

(^anp^^

^n5^eij

i n s t a l l ( v . t . ) ; establish -

kurramarra

i n o c u l a t e (v.t.) -

anu^^iu

sothi

(Cff/7g««, G i f n ^ ^ g i )

i n n o c e n c e (n.) -

usi

j

pucchi

a-sfr ut,

innocence ( n . ) ; i g n o r a n c e Qeuenmen

I

i n s i d e , w i t h i n (space) -

inai

c^^/TSl/LO

i n t e r f e r e n c e (n.); interruption -

(ganffjffffsun'sisr

y # ©

-

i n t e r e s t ( n . ) ; enthusiasm -

kuraicchal

\t (adj.) -

i n s e c t (n.) -

g)(y> ' I "

(gsnpffcysb

-

paitthiyam

keduthi

inhale (v.t.); p u l l , d r a g - -

i n k (n.)

(f.)

paitthiyakSri

•xemQiLSlu^

-

kandupidi

(-L5)i^«a;, -iSif^as;) i n v e n t i o n (n.); discovery —

ennam

karidupidippu

81

investigate (v.t.) -

island (n.) —

investigation (n.); research-

issue (of publication); vol. u^uq pathippu, eSlajsnnijUi vivahSram be issued (v.i.); be bom iStp pirn {iSpsa, iSlp^gj) it, that (thing) (pron.) athii it, this (thing) (pron.) ^gl ithu

^rrrriu

aray

^sy

^[rrriU3:&

Sraycchi

investigation (n.) eSlffrTjjen^em visaranai investigate (v.t.) e&fffrri'msm GisFiu visaranai

(- Q01UIU,

-

sey QffiLi^);

tsSlffirfU visari invitation (n.) ^emLpULj

invite (v.t.) ^stnip

alai

a[aippu

th'ivu

J

jackal (n.) -

rsii\

jail (n.) -

sirai( cchalai) jasmine (n.) LoeoeSlsmsa malligai ^(TjiiL/ irumbu "Arabian" j a s m i n e (n.) irritation (n.); impatience (ipsbsinsi) mullai ^^^rrih atthiram jealousy (n.), envy irritation (n.); bum sensation - Qurrprrs^nLD pordmai &T/fl#ffsb ericclial jewel (n.); g e m irritate (v.t.) Loessfl mani, ST/fl#ffsyffil(51 ericchaluttu [T^^asrLD ratthinam (-aanlL, -ssniLiSf.) jewelry (n.); o r n a m e n t is, exists (v.i.) /5C!n65(«sfr) nagai(gal) a_sw(5) un4u (only form) (^raiyjds*, iron (n.) -

^mLpfi^)

82

j u d g e (n.) job (n.) $0u^ nithipathi Gexiemev velai j u d g e (v.t.) join (v.i.); unite; collect^^uueffl thirppali 9n.Qt kudu ( * . ! _ , « i ^ . ) (-,jV6r9««, -^eUl^gi) join (v.t.); unite; collectj u d g m e n t (n.) Qa^ir ser {Qsvsm, Gsi^) §,UULl thtrppu join (with) (v.i.); unite (with) - jiimp (v.i.); leap — s^siwy Ga=/j onru ser kuthi ((g^««,
key (n.) -

k i n g (n.) -

fffTeSl savi

k i c k (v.L) a_s!n^

uthai

iL.6S}^^)

-

k i c k (n.) -

Q^rremeo (Q^n-sKisufflffi,

(Lp^^lh Gl^irsnsv0^)

be killed (v.i.); be r u i n e d -

k i n d (n.), sort, class k i n d , sort; manner; portion vagal

k i n d (gentle) (adj.) irakkamana

k i n d (adj.); friendly ^asTUrresr kindness (n.) ^ s J T L / anbu

ffemLDiuso samalyal

^anp ami

uiLl—LD

pattam

k n i f e (n.) -

anbdna

mudicchu

k n o w (v.t.); u n d e r s t a n d •S^n^ ari {^fUm, ^id^gi)

madi

Quifluj

periya

l a s t (n.); final; e n d ffiSJDi—ffl

theriyathu

kadaisi

l a s t (at last) -

L

^gU^^lJSleo)

l a b o r (n.) S-anLpULJ

ulaippu

Q^rTifleonefrir

0Lq. nidi

tholilalar

kurai

a_s!r)y)

ulai

LSI^^IU illai

iL.SS\Lp^§])

pinthiya,

^fTLD^LDiretrr

thamathamana

lately (adv.) -

STSiSsfl enl

3=LSu^^eO @srrii>

fui.0gi)

l a t e (adj.); delayed -

l a k e ; tank (man-made lake) -

samibatthil

l a t r i n e (n.) d5«aii.sfu

kuhm

l a k h (100,000) (n. or adj.) suilffLO

(jSifffias,

l a s t (to wear w e l l ) (v.i.) (il_SSlLpffi«,

l a d d e r (n.) -

^ / f l eri,

iruthi(yil)

l a s t (to continue) (v.) -

L a b o r (n.); workers -

^ia)S5)su

Qfiis^ Qua® mudipodu (- G u / n _ , - QunCtSi) k n o t (n.) (Lfiis^ffa-

{pied.}

l a c k (pred.) -

mudi

molt

l a r g e (adj.); important -

theriyum

don't k n o w Qfil^turr^

(gemp

k n o t (v.t.) (Lptjj.

LDLq.

theri Q^ffljs^);

l a c k (n.); f l a w -

katthi

inam

^rysxinrrem

muttham

k i t e (plaything) (n.) -

tholai

( Q ^ / r c n s u i u , Q^/rfflneu^^)

QjsmiB

QlMfTlfi

Q^lfliLlLD

k i t c h e n (n.) —

tholai

nilam

l a p (n.) -

-g)L®)

k i s s (n.) -

k i l l (v.t.); ruin -

r§etiLh

arivu

Q^lfl (Q^iSiu,

vilakku

language (n.); saying; word -

k n o w ( v . ) ; k n o w how to -

mutthamldu

(-g)L,

QSISTTCBQ

l a n d (agric.) (n.); ground -

puriyathu

<^j75)si/

rajyam

(LP^^LSQ)

kol

^esnh

LjlfliUfT^

arasu,

prr^iULo

l a m p (n.); illumination -

puriyum

k n o w l e d g e (n.) —

k i s s (v.t.) -

kiU (v.t.) -

Q^fToneo

mannan

k i n g d o m (n.) ^Cr
L/ffltt/ii

don't k n o w (pred.) -

raja,

LoeirasTssT

(B/rsU/rd) a _ S 5 i ^ kalal

Qsrr&i

arasan,

tjrr^rr

uthai

(- S-eS)0^,

k n o w (pred.), understand -

^ffffeir

kakkus

laugh (v.i.); s m i l e &lfl

latcham

85

siri

(g)/flffl«, ffl/fl^^)

laughter (n.); smileQfHuLf sirippu

law (n.); rulefflLu-lh

spgi]
sattam

lawful (adj.) ffiLL-LD

learn (v.t.) -

Ltfl'suLDaesr

sattam-purvamdna

lawj'er (n.) -

karrukkol

-Q«/Tsrar®)

learned (adj.) -

spfog^^^

karrarintha

learning (n.); study ffisboS kalvi leather (n.); hide; skin Gs^rrso thai

vakkit

(vakkil)

lazybones (a lazy person) Qs^fTLoQuf^

somberi

lead (show the way) (v.t.) OJifisfTlLQ

valikattu

lead (control; go first) (v.t.) (Lpsir flffsi) mun chel (- Qffebcti, - (olffsjrgi;)

leaf (of a plant) (n.) ^snsu

ilai

leave (v.t.); let go a5)(il vidu {eSlL_, eSliL&)

left (side) (n. or adj.) ^l—SI

idathu

idathu pakkam

leap (n.);jumpumiiffs^eo @@ kuthi

paycchal,

learn (v.t.); study «sb kal {apx, apgu)

^enLnrT3i(Q

Qumuiuem

nllamakku

^erTLDtresT

length (n.) /fsTTib nUam

md

protractedly (adv.) ^iLuj-

nltti

leopard ( n . ) &gU0sin^ less (adj.) -

UfTl—LD

uQi

Qurnu

kuraiya, kuraivana

poy Gusn- poy

pesu

life (n.); breath; vowel £_u5)/r uyir

lif e(n.); breath-

Qpffa

Qsn®^)

elutthu

mUcchu

life (n.); living; flourishing - -

kaditham

eurTLpAmai

vdlkkai

"long life!"suffipa valga lifeless (adj.) £_iz5)/7 glsbsoff^ uyir illatha

alavu

lift (v.t.), raise; pump —

evenness (n.) ffLD^erTLD

u&^§!)

lie (speak falsely) (v.i.) Qumjj

level (amount) (n.) ^etreij

{uQiaa,

' (- Qua:, - GuSi)

pddam

^(Lp0^

padu

lie (n.), falsehood -

letter (of the alphabet) (n.) kadan-kodu

nulagain

lie (around) (v.i.); remain kida (S)i_«ffi, gl/_|sg/) lie (v.); lie down -

siruttliai

let (v.t.); permit —

xi^.^LD

nilaiyam,

^etiSLD

nilamana

letter (communication) (n.) — sattappadiyana lend (v.t.)
poyyan

( - ^ « « , -^ffiS))

lengthy (adj.); protracted -

anumathi kodu (- QairQiss, -

sattan-jdrntha,

mattainSna

library (n.) -

lesson (n.) —

leg (n.); foot; quarter (1/4) arrsb kdl legal (adj.) -

leap (v.i.); jump urnu pay {uiTtu, uiTiu^gi); kuthi ((gg)d5«, (s^^sj)

LDlLl—LDfTesr

lengthen (v.t.) -

(g)(SS)pei]nen

USSLD

level (adj.); flat liar (n.) -

(-^«, -^S))

(ganpiu

left side (n.) ^l—gll

lengthen (v.i.) /fsyru3/r@ nllamdgu

^pgu

samathalam

87

erru {^prp,

^p^)

lift up (v.t.); weigh i5/7ffi© thakku

lime (fruit) (n.) -

figsifl oli,

elumiccham-palam limit (n.); extent; measure ^erreij alavu limit (n.); boundary ereoanev ellai limit (v.t.) exjetnp'UJg}] vararyaru

{e6l(!iLDU, aSgjiiijI)

limitation (n.) — euenp'tuemp varaiyarai line (n.); tax eu/fl vari, evfflans' varisai line (string, rope) (n.) SuSlgU kayint lion (n.) &!BJ3iLD sihgam lip(n.)a - ^ ( i ) uthadu lip service Gus'g^errsij pecchalavu liquid (state) (n.) ^P'LDLD nirmam liquid (adj.) ^p^LDUJLDfTesT nirmayamdna list (n.) ULLlSf.UJSO pattiyal

light (n.), illumiaation — eiSeiratg vilakku light (bright) (adj.)s^EBtunesT oliyana lightning (n.) uSssrcsrsb minnal like (appreciate) LSiq-^fgLD pidikkum; iSllfliULb piriyam don't like iSis^sisrr^i pidikkathu; piriyam illai like (v.) effl(§LDLl virumbu liking (n.) viruppam (viruppu) like (similar to); as (if) Gurreti pola, GurnA) pol like, as; m a n n e r LDFT^lfl mathiri likeness (n.) e^p^anLD orrumai

(aycnfriuffj/ffids, eues)[rtug)j^^)

88

living (n.), life exirryisansi valkkai pattiyalil pathivu sey lizard (garden) (n.) (- Qs^diiu, - Qffiligi) fi^tsw/TSST ondn listen (v.i.); obey; a s k Gffisyr kel (Gffiilffi, Gail®) wall lizard (gecko) UeOsSl palli listener (n.) — load (n.) GsiLueveir ketbavan cK-ssiLO sumai literature (Tamil); nature load (v.L) ^lUfSO iyal 3i
list (v.t.) -

89

long (adj.) -

loud noise (n.) —

long time -

loud (adj.) -

fieiTLOlTasT nilamana

^eswi— rsfrerr ntnda ml, Qp-mJau tsmsh romba nal

look (v.t); see; try -

3=0iSLb sattham

ST^LDrresr ejamnn

lose (sth.)-(v.t); t h r a s h -

Qainmeo tholai

m a d person (n.) —

^^/rE^i—ti) athirshtam

magazine (n.); newspaper —

luck (chance, accident) (n.) ^pQa^ujsi) tharcheyal luck (n.); good fortune —

^eisTLi QsfT&r anbu kol

(- Qsnsnerr, - Qairssiirfi));

(5/5^ nesi

lord (n.), master, boss -

[SpQugXi narperu

^eivLl anbu

love (v.t.) -

G^!Tmgu thonru

madness (insanity) (n.) -

luck (n.), good fortune -

(3^® thedu ((50i_, G^if)

look like (v.i.); a p p e a r -

eS\aeurT3=LD visuvasam

Ouesr pen

love (n.); affection-

loving (adj.) -

^ekqerrerr

anbulla

love (romantic) (n.) —

StTSSeo kathal

luckily (adv.) —

athirshtavasamaga

lucky (adj.) -

athirshtamulla

lose; be ruined; be done with love (romantic) (v.t.) Qas/rsmsw tholai

luggage (n.), baggage -

lose (v.i.), be defeated -

lovely (adj.) -

M ' m a c h i n e (n.); engine— (U/s^trti yanthirain m a d (state of being angry) -

low (adj.) -

m a d (angry) (adj.) -

srr^eSI

katlmli

lover (n.) -

(S^rrA) thol (G^rrps, Q^upips) an^eSl ksthali (t), arr^eoesr kathalan (m.)

lose (v.) g)Lp ila (g)ip««, g)y)^^) loss (in business, etc.) (n.) g)y)UL/ ilappu lost (adj.) -

^Lfisrrem ahgana

^rri^^ thalntha, ^fTj^eurrsu thdlvana

^Lpp^ ikmtha

90

GstTULDfTs; kobamSga

m a d (insane) (adj.) —

loyalty (n.) -

louse (insect) (n.) —

m a d l y (angrily) (adv.) -

visuvasamulla

s=^^(LpeheiT satthamuUa

U/T/T par {unfiax, unj^)

look for (v.L); seek -

loyal (adj.) —

ff^rTLDtrm

saman

onu^^iu

paitthiya

emu0^ujlh paitthiyam

(snu^^ujd
patthirikkai

mail (post) (n.) —

^urreb thabal

m a i n (adj.) -

thalaimaiyana, mukkiyainana

m a j o r (adj.) —

Quq^LDumsiirresr perumbdldna

majority (n.) -

QanULD kobam

perumbanmai

GsrruQpehefr kobamulla, QarruLDrresT kobamana

'a majority of the people' -

Quq^LDunGecnp perumbaldr

91

make (v.t.); effect; create make (v.t); do uememi pamu

many (adj.) USD pala many (persons) USOff palar of many kinds -

male (n.), manliness c^afsr an, LDSufl^ssr manithan male gender (n.) ^emuneo Snbat man (n.); person-

palavithamana liow many? ST^^smssr etthanai that many; so many; so much — ^^^anasT atthanai map (n.); pictiue UL^LD padam march (military) (v.i.) ffiL_/5^ G)
(ucMTssur, usOTsrafl); sey (Qffiuiu, Gla^iiig])

c^sfr al,

ueoeSI^LDiTasr

an,

LDSsfi^eisT manithan manager (n.) QiDStirTerrpr melalar

mango (ripe Suit) LDlTlhuLpilt mam-palam man(liness) (n.) ^(5iJ!i7"(snii3) dn(mai) manly (virile) (adj.) ^smesiLDtLfenetf anmaiyulla manner (n.); way LOfT^lfl mathiri, eiJLfi vali manner (n.); way; kind; sort; division; portion eiianss vagal

(- Qffajsu, - QffosTgii)

mark (n.), sign@ff5)(«5'(5l) kuri(yldu) mark (v.t.); denote — (gnS kuri ((gjSJss,

rsf^^y,

(QiiSltiSl(S> kuriyidu market (n.) — <5S!nL_ kadai, 92 ff^em^ santhai, ^liiaifTLSj. angadi

marriage (n.), wedding — SiSOiunemLD kalyanam, @(g)u)S5isr/i (thiru)manam marry (get married) (v.i.) seoiurreswiM Qffiu

kalyanam sey

(- Qsiuiu, - Qfiugi);

mature (adj.); old ues)LpuJ palaiya may (aux. v.); can — (Lpuj.ll]lh mildlyum can't(tpis^iurr^ mudlyathu maybe, perhaps s^OGsKSinsTr oruvelal, sg(5ffi/TS>J orugdl me (pron.) srssrsmsisT ennai (ace), OTS3r
0(75)u)S5WU) Qa=iu (thirujmanam sey mass (n.); lump dSlli^. katti master (n.); boss; lord STgU3/rssr ejaman mat (n.) umu pay match-box (n.) ^UQULLI^. thi-p-pettl match-stick (n.) tht-k-kucchl material (n.) — mula-p-porul matter (n.); affair — SfrAtUih kariyam matter (n.); news Qffiu^l seythi matter (n.); meaning; goods 93 Qutrq^eh porul

meat (n.);

flesh-

^empffS


m e r c h a n t (n.) -

iralcchi,

eiSllUfTUflffl

kari

.

LDfTLSfflii

^rxaaiLD

mamisam

irakkam

m e r c i f u l (adj.) karunaiyulla

amaippu

Qa/gl/LO

marunthu

meet (v.) 575^ santhi

(i,@«
(Lpemp(ss)LD)

murai(mai)

m i d d a y (n.); noon Lo^^iUfTssTLh

nabagam,

^S!ni_

/SCJlOsi;

mention ( v . t ) ; specify -

rmduve,

rS®eSleo

naduvil

m i d n i g h t (n.) /SsfrsrS/rsv

94

,, -

seeflLDLD

urreuLD

kumdri

Mrs.-

QojLj!).)

ganiporul,

^q^LD^ ^QJgU

ganimam

thavaru

(^aip, asaJ?Sl); 0eupeS}(gl

(ffisu««, ffisu/Eg/)

m i n i s t e r (of govt.) (n.) -

thimmathi

m i s s (one's target, etc.) (v.t.) -

m i n g l e ( v . i . ) ; m i x with — ffisl) kala

pdvam

M i s s (title) -

(QLDrrfrl

vettu

kannadi

m i s f o r t u n e (n.); sin; alas! -

surahgam

m i n e r a l (n.) — aesflQLJn'(f^eh'

- LD^^lfl

idai

middle, c e n t e r /5(5) nadu,

ninaivacchinnam kunppidu

matthiyanam

m i d d l e (n.); interval -

ninaivu

m e m o r i a l (n.) -

(g^ui3(g]

ulogam

m e t h o d (n.) -

m e m o r y (n.) —

surangam (- QgjL'.i

a_Gsu/Ti5li>

-L^SI)

melt (v.t.) urukku

semsmmq-

m i n e (to dig from the earth) -

m e t a l (n.) —

unigu

acchariyam

m i r r o r (n.); glass(es) -

( dhuthu-c-Jcheythi messenger (n.) dhuthan,

arputhamdna

^fffflfllUlM

enathu,

m i n e (in the earth) (n.) -

^^ek

arputham

m i r a c l e (n.); w o n d e r -

ennudaiyathu

verum

athisayam,

^pLj^LD

^pLf^wnssT

message (n.) -

kuttam

melt (v.i.) —

^anesrsLl

manathu

aprBJaiM

meeting (n.); crowd — aSuL-L_iL

manam,

Lcissrgl eresT^

^^S^IUIM

m i r a c u l o u s (adj.) -

LoesTii

a m e r e something; a blank -

medicine (n.) — (-0(75^^

pal

m i n e (what belongs to me) -

m e c h a n i s m (n.); structure ^anLDLlL]

uneo

m i n d (n.); heart; w i l l -

m e r c y (n.); pity

cooked meat (n.) -

m i r a c l e (n.) -

m i l k (n.) —

viyabari

thavaravidu

(-ti5)(_, - a S J i i g i )

m i s s i n g (lost) (pred.) -

ansmuui—tT^

manthiri

kdrmppadathu

m i n u t e ( n . ) ; moment -

m i s t (n.); fog; d e w - nimisham

(nimidam)

m i n u t e (very tiny) (adj.) -

L/csfl

pani

m i s t a k e (n.) —

iSlsa^fflr^lU

migacchiriya,

sSOJgu

^Cj-JLDfTesr

nupamdna

(gppii

nailiravu.

95

thavaru, kurram

mistake (v.) thavaraga ennu

m o d e r a t e (adj.) rSl^irasTLDfresr nithanamdna m o d e r a t e l y (adv.) —

(- ersHTfiOTT, - ersssrsusi?)

mistaken (adj.) ^eUfpnesr thavardna mistakenly (adv.) eseuprrs thavaraga mister (Mr.); holy, divine ^(5 thiru mix (n.); m i x t u r e •SsotJL/ kalappu mix (v.t) kalavaiyakku

i-^ss,

-^«©)

mixed (adj.) seVLJUfTetr kalappdna mob (n.) g i b u d ) kumbal m o d e r a t e (adj.) iB^UKTesT mithamana moderately (adv.) LSl^LDas mithamaga moderation (n.) lE^lis mitham composure (n.) jfl^rran'LD nithanam

^^/resTLO/riSS

nithdnamdga

m o d e m (adj.) puthumaiydna, iS&3esr navina, tharkdla(tthiya) m o d e s t (adj.) ^L^AsLDtTetsT ^U-SSQfimea

adakkamana, adakkamulla

modestly (adv.) ^L^AmLDrra adakkamaga modesty (n.); humility; unobtrusiveness ^L^SSlii adakkam modesty (n.); shame — QeuiLsiLb vetkam m o m e n t (n.); minute — nimisham (nimidam) M o n d a y (n.) -

monkey (n.) (g/Tffi/g

kurangu

m o n t h (n.) LDrT3=LD {wn^LO) masam (mdtham) m o o n (n.) f§leviT nils, /^csuoy nilavu, aTJ^iJ^ssr chanlhiran m o r e ; still, yet; furthermore — ^ s a r e y / u a innum, etsresrQpLD innamum m o r e (adj.) — ^^SiLDrrssr athigamdna m o r e o v e r (adv.); beyond ^ULjpLD

appuram

beyond (in space) ^LJLjpLb appuram m o r e o v e r , besides CoLogj/tb melum, esTsmiLD innum m o r n i n g (a.m.) (n.) — ^^SirretDeo d a w n (n.) -

thingatHlamai m o n e y (n.) uessTLD panam

96

vidiyarkalai mosquito (n.) fliss/r* kosu

athikdlai

mosquito-net (n.) Qsirrsi- SI/OTIGU kosu valai m o s t (in number) (adj.) u5)«L/Usu QweonesT

miga-p-pala, meldna

mostly (adv.) ^^aLorrdj athigamdy, ^Q^SLons anegamaga m o t h e r (n.) ^^LOLDfr amma, ^fTiLl thdy, ^etfretnesr

annai

m o t h e r - i n - l a w (n.) LDiTLQiurr^

mdmiydr

m o t h e r l a n d (n.) ^mufsrrCSl

thdynddu

motion (movement) (n.) ^es)ffGij asaivu m o t i o n (in a meeting) (n.); resolution ^ffLDfTesTLD thirmdnam m o u n t a i n (n.) LDSinsu malai, Sllfl girl m o u r n (v.t.) L/GOtbL/ pulambu [qeoibu, qeowiSl)

97

m o u r n i n g (n.); bemoaning LjsDLbueb pulambal mouse (n.); r a t ereSl

m u c h , a lot of, excess ^^•Xih ^djeuerreii

mouse (n.) — 3KiisrQi-.eSI

sundeli

^si/si/srro/

vay

rSsmpiu iBseqih

asai

L8SS

move (v.i.); d a n c e -

@(75a!son"G!!r kurugalSna n a t i o n (n.); inhabited land — pfrQi

marmam

perugu

LDP'tDLDfTeu

m u r d e r (n.) Qsirransv

^iupenxiunresr

suspense-packed (adj.) LD^LD marma m y s t e r i o u s (adj.) -

(G)u(75«ffl, G)u(gfflffl)

.

^lueourrx

Qarremei)

Qa^iLl kolai

sey

(- Qffiuio, - Qefiugi) nadavadikkai m u r d e r e r (u.) Qarremeviurrefii

marmanidna

movement (n.); campaign — ^iu«
m u s i c (n.) S'lilS^lJD

98

sangltham

iyarkaiydga

n a t u r e (n.); disposition ^lUptsina

iyarkai

n a t u r e ; quality; condition — ^eiremLD

N

thanmai

n a v y (n.) -

n a i l (metal) (n.) c^CTsfl ani kolaiyali.

iyalbaga,

^lupetnsiurTs;

m u r d e r (v.t) -

f5«!T nagar {tB&n, i^avm) move(n.)-

iyarkaiyana

n a t u r a l l y (adv.) -

m y s t e r i o u s l y (adv.) — LD/7LDLD/r« marmamaga

kolai

nddu

n a t u r a l (adj.) ^lueounasr iyalbana, ^

LDP'LDLD

perukku

adaiyarra

n a k e d n e s s (n.) — i^ffeurremLD nirvanam n a m e (n.); reputation Quajppeyar n a r r o w (adj.) -

enakke

vilangS-c-cheythi,

m u l t i p l y (v.i.); i n c r e a s e -

a o v e aside (v.i.) -

thane,

sTswa;(3
mikka

Qu(i^(g

ennudaiya

m y s t e r y (n.) -

Qu(i^A(Q

move (push object) (v.t.) [Ssp'^^ nagartthu

mySTSsr en,

^nGesr

migavum

multiply (v.t.); i n c r e a s e -

move a w a y (v.t.); p u s h ^
nirvanamana, ^onL^iupp

m u s t n ' t (aux. v.) 3iJ-^rT0 kudathu

myself (reflex, prou.) -

very— ij5)<5S miga very m u c h -

move (v.i.); be a g i t a t e d -

vendum

gTsaTSg);gini_m

niraiya

m u c h , a lot -

asai

J5(—si/t^ffisma

iwalavu

m u c h , too much -

move (vX); agitate ^
awalavu

m u c h - this much, this many -

m o u t h (n.) eumu

QeilsmQtLD

m u c h - that much, so much -

eli

n a k e d (adj.) -

m u s t (aux. v.) —

athigam

suun)ues)L.

Sii_n)UsinL-

nail (finger, toe) (n.); claw /jdSii nagam

kapparpadai,

kadarpadai

n e a r (in space) (prep.) usa^^eo pakkatthil

99

n e e d (n.); n e c e s s i t y ( p ^ e ^ s i / thevai n e e d (aux. v.); w a n t -

nearU-SSLD pakkam n e a r (prep.) S)ilz_

kim

n e a r l y (adv.) SILLL-0£SL-I— kittatthatta n e a t (adj.) ap^LDrresT suuhamana neatly; regularly; efficiently s^^Lorra smhamaga necessarily (adv.) SI' I rriULDrTs; kattayamaga, ^eu&iULDirai avasiyamMga n e c e s s a r y (adj.) siLL^niULDnssr kattayamdna, ^euSiULDfTosr avasiyamana, Q^aneuiurrasT thevaiydna necessity (n:); urgency -

siLi—fTiuih

^eil&iULCi n e c k (n.) -

(3aJS55r(5)Lb vendum

n e e d f u l (adj.) -

Geuemis^UJ vendiya don't need, don't want GajsisrL^mh venddm n e e d l e s s (adj.) avasiyamillatha n e e d l e (n.); inoculation —

aerS Usi

n e g o t i a t e (v.i.) oppantham

n e i g h b o r (n.) —

kattayam,

avasiyam

kalutthu n e c k l a c e (u.) kalutthu mdlai, ff!BlS\e5\ n e c k l a c e (n.); g a r l a n d LDiremev mdlai

pesu

(- Guff, - Guffl)

pakkatthu

vlttdr,

andai vlttdr n e i g h b o r i n g (adj.) uAs^^ pakkatthu neither -s-ih . . . ^eoeu -um . . . alia n e r v e (n.) rsryLDLf narambu 100

n e s t (n.) —

a^(j) kadu

n e u t r a l (adj.) nadunilaiydna n e u t r a l i t y (n.) l^Qt^anso nadunilai n e v e r (at n o time) oru pothumillai never m i n d , n o matter -

ufrsu/TuSsbsinsu

paravayillai n e v e r t h e l e s s (adv. & conj.) ^mn&illh analum n e w (adj.) Lf§l puthu, L/^lU puthiya news (n.); subject m a t t e r G)<5F^(dSsrr) seythi(gal) n e v f s p a p e r (n.); m a g a z i n e — u^@/fl
n i c e (adj.) — igiULDlTesr

nayamdna,

arumaiydna n i c e l y (adv.); well r5SST(gi nangu, ^Q^emLDlUfTs; arumaiyaga n i g h t (n.) ^/Tsi/ iravu, ^jjrr^^ifl irdtthiri n i n e (n. o r adj.) «pS57"Ug/ onbathu n i n t h (n. o r adj.) — onbathavathu, onbathdm (adj. only) n i n e t e e n (n. o r adj.) patthonbathu n i n e t e e n t h (n. o r adj.) — patthonbathdvathu, patthonbathdm (adj. only) n i n e t y (n. o r adj.) —

QarremmirTpi

thonnuru 101

ninetieth (n. or adj.) Qajaememninneiis,! thonnuravathu, QanTsssremrrpiTLD thonnuram (adj. only) no; not ^ s b e n s o illai noble (adj.) uyartharamana, perunthanmaiyana nobleness (n.); greatness — S-iU^^rriJa uyartharam, Quq^mw perumai nobly (adv.) uyartharamdga, Qu(§
perumaiyaga noise (n.) a^^^LD sattham noisily (adv.); aloud a^^^Lorra satthamaga none; nobody (pron.) onram illathu, omvarum illai

noon (n.) — LD^iuih mathiyam, LD^^lurTGHTLO matthiySnam, rgsssrusiiA) nanbagal normal (adj.); usual Quir^mrT^l^ pothumathiri, 3'fr^trp'assriX!fTssr satharanwnana north (adj.), northern SUL_ vada the north (n.) sui_«(g vadakku nose (n.); beak fy)
nothing (n.) onrum illai zero (n.) L ^ u j t i ) bUjyam 102

notice (v.t.); take care xeiieefl kavani notice (n.) ^^s&Ul-J arivippu notiiy (v.t.) ari Q^l^eSI therivi (Q^/flo51«ffl, G)^iflsSI0gi) now (adv.) ^ijGurr ippo, ^iySuiT§d ippdthu, ^iljQurr(Lp^ ippoluthu nowhere (adv.) engum illai nuisance (n.) — Qssrrscemeii thollai number (n.)
assign number(s) (v.) ffTSMT GlsrrQi en kodu (- QsirQiAa;, - QartQi^gi) number (v.t.); count — eressTfmi emu

(eTGMTSHar, ersMrcinifl)

o

obey (v.i.); calm down — cg>/l_(E/(g adahgu obey (v.t); listen; a s k Qam kel (Gffiilffi, Gdsiigi) object (v.t.) ethirppu kUru (- i6in),

- ffiiirS))

objection (n.) -

ST^irUL/ ethirppu

obligation (n.); duty sil^anui kadamai obtain (v.t.); reach; approach (^emt^tu,

cgycnf—^^)

obtainable (pred.) —

S)ES)L_«(g/i kidaikkum

not obtainable (pred.) — Slmi—SiStT^ kidaikkdthu not available (pred.) ®£y)L_iung/ kidaiyathu occasion (n.); t u m ^i_S!nsi/ thadavai occasion (n.); time; religion ffUiiuih samayam 103

oU (edible) (n._)^tsisiG\
104

only (not more) — oppress (v.t.) cSV(ip
in an o r d e r l y m a n n e r (adv.)

o r d i n a r y (adj.)

other, theother (pron.)

-

LDprp

-

Lopn^gJ

mana)

GeugjJ

o r d i n a r i n e s s (n.) -

marrathu

organize

-

o u r (exclusive)

amaippu

eriajxerr

(v.t.); establish

^(SnLD

-

mulam

o r i g i n a l l y (adv.); at first

muthanmuthaldga

-

ani(galan)

-

flSSJiiS

-

ueiaiLCi

«a5)y)i5^)

{qiTUL^,

rBmsiaQen

eunsB

ourselves (incl., reflex, pron.) ^esafi^^)

rSnQlD -

out,

nagai

rnarru

purattu

Lyfrsfr

pural

(L/jrerr,

q[rsm(Si)

o w e (v.i.) kadan

-

outside (adv.) —

Qeve/HGiu

106

-

veliye

velippuram

-

sueSI vali p a i n (n.); ache

p a i n f u l (adj.)

-

eueSliunetsT

-

valiydna

p a i n l e s s (adj.) —

eueSl ^sceon^

pattiru

(- U L a i ; . ® « « , o w n (adj.)

-

aieSl vali

revolve-

name

outside (n.)

QsL/srSuL/ffjti out,

-

-

vdli

p a i n (v.i.); ache

L/irel^.)

be o v e r t u r n e d (v.i.);

nShgale

pakkam

p a i l (n.); bucket

-

kavil

i_/{rL_(jl

-

nadai

p a g e (n.); side; v i c i n i t y —

overturn (v.t) -

ourselves (excl., reflex, pron.) -

o t h e r (adv., p r o n . ) ; o t h e r w i s e LDipgxi

-

kavil

seSl^

nammudaiyathii

ani

(^6S3fl«
o v e r t u r n (v.i.)

{m^Lp,

(pron.)

/5(S3)Z_

o v e r t u r n (v.L)

nammudaiya

!BLD(lfias)l—iU^

o r n a m e n t (n.);jeweir)'

mudi{vdna) «ffl5)y)

nam,

ours (inclusive) (pron.)

o r n a m e n t (v.)

^emsfl

P

(««i5?y>(K«, . s n 5 ) y ) ^ ^ )

o r n a m e n t (n.) —

(w/ clothes, jewels)

kurukke

kalaimddu,

madu

pace (n.); walk

engaludaiyathu

^sssfi^seveir)

LonQi

-

-

eruthu,

arrstneiTLDn®

mel

o v e r (across) (prep.) (g^sGs;

engaludaiya

o u r s (exclusive)

-

ST(75^

-

engal,

[Blli(Lpe!nL^uj

-^(sm)

o x ( n . ) ; oxen; cattle

aduppu

over (finished) —

-

o u r (inclusive) (adj.)

^ s u t i

Qweo

illdvidil

(adj.)

amai IBLD

(-g)(g««,

^QiULj

illdvittdl,

eTlilSier^ei!)L^UJ

o r i g i n (n.); r o o t -

QuprSl(l$ perriru

over (above) (prep.)

g)susi)/r6i5)t9.sl)

^ODLDULl

m o r e -

veru

^sosoiTsiSlLLi—rTso satharanam

o w n (v.t.); possess —

oven (n.) -

otherwise (conj.); o r—

organization (n.); institution

-

veil

o u t e r (adj.) Qeue/rl

other; different; what's satharana(

-

tnarra,

olungdga

e^Q^iii'SrTa;

uil.tii.(s^)

p a i r (n.); couple G^mq.

-

Qs=n^^ Qa^n^^LnnesT

vali illdtha -

jodi

p a p e r (sheet) (n.) —

sontha, sonthamdna

srT^s^Lb

107

kdgitham

parents (n.) QupQpnir

park (public garden) (n.) Lj^lRISfT puhgd

iSlijujnessfl (uiuicSJsff) pirayani (payani)

passionately (adv.) ^emffluiTS

parrot (n.) -

a;/_J5^

part (n.); portion; region paguthi

irantha

kadantha

GlsrrefT pangu kol -

QxrTew(^)

particle (n.); droplet —

Qmu-Qi

sottu

party (political) (n.) katchi

party (pol.) (n.); association kalagam

pass (v.L); cross «L_ kada («i_««,

ffii_^^); 6 5 i _ / 5 ^ G)a=sb kadanthu sel (- Q^ciJeu, -

irantha

kalam,

QiSfrQi^^eo

porumaiyana

patiently (adv.) -

patient (medical) (n.) noyali

patronage (n.); protection dtharavu

pay (n.); salary s^LDUeiTlSi

108

(^(fg3HTeo

oruvelai,

orugal

period (of time) (n.) -

amaithl

xneoLD amaithiyana

peafowl, peacock, peahen -

kalam,

ffifraULJu®^

kalappaguthi

p e r m i t (v.t.) -

mayil

^L/i/QiSfr© idahgodu (-Q«(r(51ffiffi, -QanQi^gS)

permission (n.) -

sambalam

anumathi

(ver-k-)kadalai

peg (n.); post; sprout, shoot — (xpansTT mulai people (n.) — msiaiecT

makkal

is perceived (pred.), visible — O^/flii/ib

porumaiydga

kada-vali

e^(f^(Seijes)err

kodutthal

(/^(a)ffi)«i_S!nsi)

Qurrg}jss)LDUjrrsu

^^p'eij

kurramarra

(nila-k-)kadalai, ponimai

(Srsmuirefh

(^ippLopp

peace (pol. & psych.) (n.) ^enUD^

sathavitham

perhaps (adv.) -

payment (n.) —

peanut (n.) -

patient (opp. of impatient) -

CS^giy f/ierw (G^p, G^jSl)

pass (n.); passage-way -

kalam

QurrguemLD

ff^eS^LD

perfect (adj.); flawless —

peaceful (adj.) —

p a t h (n.); way s u t ^ va/i patience (n.) —

Qffdffii^)

pass (an exam) (v.t.); qualify -

«L- sut^

QsfrQi

sambalam kodu (- (fl)
LDuSeo

take p a r t (v.i.) (- QsashGrfj

3=LDuerTLD

^anLD^lurresr

konjamnga

SLpsih

kadantha,

the past (n.) -

partly (adv.) -

uiii^

asaiyaga

past (adj.) -

©srS Hli

percent —

pay (v.t.) -

passenger (n.) perrSr

theriyum

(LpiupSl

vidd

therintha

not perceived, etc. (pred.) Q^lfliUfT^

Q^lfliurr^

muyarchi

Guir per personal (adj.), one's o w n -

theriyathu

unperceived (adj.), invisible -

muyarchi,

person (n.); man — c ^ s r r si person (n.); people -

perceived (adj.), visible -

Qfil^^^

(anumathi)

perseverence (n.); attempt —

sontha{mdna)

picture (n.); f i l m (cinema) — UL^LD

theriydtha

109

padam

piece ( n . ) ; slice; t o w e l gjemQi

^L-l—LD

(JSJT/75)

p l a n e t (n.) Slfxaiss

matthirai

uevaDS

pillar ( n . ) -

Qa=tf

p i l l o w (n.) ^emeoiuosisfl ^IXStSLD

irakkam,

sq^eoem

karunai

-

p i t i f u l (adj.) -


Qa^iuiLjerr

nadu

^LLQ)

(jBi—, !SL-(5))

{BfTiSLb

^ L _ i i ) idam

nilaiyatn


vilaiySdu

p l a y f u l (adj.); f u n n y -

qerre/a

vilaiyattdna LDSlerraSI

magilvi

-

pulli

55)J7 kur

pBliskarar kolkai

p o l i t i c s (n.) — ^rjS\ujLD

arasiyam

p o l l u t e (v.t.) — mdsu-padutthu

(-u®^^, -uO^g) p o n d e r ( v . t ) ; t h i n k ; consider -

p o i n t e d (adj.) si^Auj

no

-

kavithai

p o i n t (sharp) ( n . ) —

please ( v . t ) ; m a k e h a p p y

verum

Offi/rSTTOTcB

kavinar

p o i n t ( n . ) ; d o t , spot —

eSlssvsaturTLL-i—nssT

kavalar,

GurreSewsiiTrrir p o l i c y (n.) -

p o e t r y (n.); poem

seSlecii^

kaval

p o l i c e d e p a r t m e n t (n.) -

SifTexisVff

pulavar

kavi,


p o k e ( v . t ) ; make e n t e r r^emtp nulai

p o l i c e m a n (n.) —

p o e t (n.) -

nadagam

visham, nanju

kavalthurai

seyyul

L/swsu/r

(oSssterriurTL., cSlestariuiTiii.)

p l a i n (adj.); e m p t y ; m e r e -

pSdal,

p o e t ( n . ) ; scholar —

tham

p l a y (v.L) eSletnerriUfrQi

place (n.); s t a t i o n -

QsK£l/Lb

UfTi—A)

^(Jl

eSla^LD ^(e^3r

sureneo

p o e m ( n . ) ; verse; s o n g -

f i x (a post, etc.) —

p o i s o n (n.) -

police (n.) -

miguthiyana

sedi

p l a t e (dish) ( n . ) ; tray -

irakkamudaiya

miguthi

p l e n t i f u l (adj.) -

p l a y (n.); d r a m a -

p l a c e ( v . L ) ; p u t ; keep —

filaneiiUjLD

LSI(Q^

palagai

p l a n t (a tree, etc.) ( v . t ) ;

thalaiyani

santhosham

p l e n t y (n.) -

p l a n t (botanical) ( n . ) -

thun

inbam,

3=^G^rT
giraham

p l a n k (n); board (wood) -

p i t y (n.); mercy; sympathy

iiiiya

^esTULD

Qsaea kal,

pffl(n.)-

^essr

^asfliu

thittamidu

p l e a s u r e ( n . ) ; happiness -

pura

(siru]

(»L.tiJ.«)«/Ttl(51 (sutti-k-)kattii {-siml^L., -srnlMf.)

piditthamana,

^LLL_L8(St

panri

p i g e o n ( n . ) , dove qpfT

LSLS^^^LDITSST

thittam

p l a n (v.t.) -

Pig(_n-)-

p o i n t o u t ( v . t ) , show -

p l e a s i n g (adj.) -

p l a n (adj.); scheme -

thundu

kuriya

erememi

ennu n",

ffifflEirsBafl)

p o o r (adj.) -

p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) -

e^anLpiurresr

p o o r p e r s o n (n.) e^rantp

elai

QfiUj-iUirgl

S7S!ny)ioa;<5«r p o p u l a r (adj.) LfaLprrasT

pugalana

p o p u l a t i o n (n.) -

viranthai

p o r r i d g e (n.) -

post (n.); position, rank -

kaiiji

thabal ^iSeh)

^urrso

p o r t i o n (n.); division; k i n d vagal

p o s i t i o n (place) (n.) possess (v.t.) -

thabal-karan

kudam

(clay) p o t (n.) ^

sotthu, sontham

-

-QunCQi)

(Qairsrrsrr, G)«/rs5iir®)

possession(s) ( n . ) ; goods -

GurrQ

0errefHuQurTQi thalli-p-podu (-(5u/n_, p o t (any r o u n d e d vessel) -

UfT0^[nh urrmssr

ejipanm

Gu/T«@ smpigl)

Ljsipff^

podi

Qumsj.UJrTsi(^

^^afTlTLb

pdnai

(pu-t)thotti

Q^LS

jebl

Q^uth

QsFiu

Jebam sey

(- Qffihiu, - Qefiugi)

balamana

p r a y e r (n.) -

Q^uih

balamaga

jebam

p r e c i o u s (adj.); rare ^®(Lb)

balam,

aru(m),

^Q^eDLDtLHTesr

valimai

p o w e r (n.); e n e r g y -

Lcmprru).)

p r a y (v.i.) -

p o w e r f u l (adj.) p o w e r f u l l y (adv.) -

manradu

(w
athikaram

exieSlemLD

pugalcchi

LDesrpaQ^

podiyakku

(-^jaa;, - ^ « © )

ueoLD

qsifi^gi)

p r a y (v.i.); implore -

p o w d e r (pound into) (v.t.) —

UGOLDfTSST

iqxifi,

p r a i s e (n.) -

p o w e r ( n . ) ; strength -

patthiram

(L^)G)^/T£l4.

Qum^

pokku

praise ( v . t ) ; glorify L / « y ) pugal

ebnai

ueVLDfTX

( f l o w e r ) p o t (n.) -

112

{asnpp,

p o w e r (n.); authority -

postpone ( v . t ) , put off

Qsrret kol Qa=nMSiLD

ab'is

payirchi

practice (n.); habit; going -

p o v e r t y (n.) — thabal

G)uLLLq.u5)A>

@L_Lb

urru

palakkam

uu5lp&

podiyakku

p o w d e r (n.) -

p o t (metal) (n.) -

Qs^rr^^

seaipgll

thabal pettiyil pBdu (- C!u(n_, - GumlJSi)

idam

uipAaiM

practice (n.); training -

p o u r ( v . ) ; flow d o w n —

p o s t m a n (n.) -

thuraimugam

pafigu

ih

^urreo

QuiTLq-lUfT^S^

p o s t office (n.) -

p o r t i o n (n.); s h a r e -

^/

pathavi

p o s t (a letter, e t c . ) ( v . L ) -

gles)p(LpSLD

eJems

u^eSi

palakku

uipaSi)

p r a c t i c e (n.); custom; habit -

^ui4gi)

{^Uj-ma,

p o u n d (into powder) (v.t.) -

mudiyakkudiya

^UfTO}

{uipam,

p o u n d (v.t.); s m a s h idi

StUneosnuasr

p o r t (n.) -

ua/(g

mudiyathu

p o s t ( m a i l ) (n.) -

makkalthogai p o r c h ( n . ) , verandah -

eSlpn^emgi

ULps;(g urulaikkilangu

p o s s i b l e (adj.) elai-makkal

practise (v.t) -

p o t a t o (n.) -

mudiyum

n o t p o s s i b l e (aux. v . ) -

p o o r p e o p l e (n.) -


(Lpuj-iLjib

elaiyana

arumaiyana

preciousness (n.); rareness^Q^smLD

shakthi

113

arumai

press down (v.t.) -

pregnant (adj.)
karuttharittha

become pregnant (v.i.) SQ^0^lfl

karutthari

sq^sQsrrsrr

.

karukkol

{-Qarrarm,

-flan-OTsr®)

^purrQl

erpadu

^(LpA(Q

amukku

(^ap««, ^(tpaSl) pressure (n.) -

^(ipAailh

amukkam

Qu(l5«nLD

perumai

0Q\

fi&^gl)

prestige (n.); reputation —

preparation (n.); arrangement- prevent (v.t.) -

munnerpadu

(- ^pu/n_, - ^^UfTis^ prepare (malce ready) (v.t) — ^lu^^LD

(65®«a,

rSlgU^^ nirutthu

prepare (v.t.) (Lpeir
uessrsmi

price (n.); c o s t -

oSsinsii

vilai

pride (n.); prestige; etc. Qud^emLD

perumai

ayattham pannu (- UewTCTW, - UCOTTCiafl)

p r o u d (adj.) QuQ^anLDiLjerreir

QairrQt kodu

proudly (adv.) -

^®

priest (X'ian) (n.) -

present (give) (v.t.) be present (v.i.) —

Stmei)

present (tlie time uov;') (n.) j^ai^arreOLD

nigalkalam

nerukku

kaithi,

^ss)p

pSthagar

3=LDiUfQQ^

samayaguru

pirathama

114

manthiri

piracchanai

^ssfluUL^ thanippada, Qa^n^^LDrrs sonthamaga

"^sotTULD

&jfle!nLD

p r o g r a m (n.); project -

prize (n.); reward -

GufT^'X^

proclaim (v.t) -

prison ceU (n.) aSiffiy kiiru {sidp, sijSI) s n a s ^ ^enp kaithi arai, p r o d u c e (n.); result; gain ^anps^fflTemeo siraicchalai ueoeir palan privacy (n.); secrecy p r o d u c e (v.t.) — [T'X&UJLii ragasiyam &-pu^^ Qa^iu urpatthi sey private (adj.); secret — (- Qfffutu, - Qffiij^) ria&UJLDfTesr ragasiyamana production (n.); developmentprivately (adv.); sectetiy S-pu^^ urpatthi jTS^lULorrs ragasiyamdga professor (n.) private (adj.), personal Gurrrr^ifliupperasiriyar ^asfluuLLL^ thanippatta, profit (u.); reward; usefulness — Qm^fi sontha L/lL/sJr payan privately (adv.), individually - profit (n.); g a i n -

perumaiyaga

priest (gen.) (n.) -

iSlirffa^sinasr

sirai

privilege (n.); right, claim -

p r i m e minister (n.) ^ffs^aih acchagam pirathamar, press (together)(v.t); squeeze - LSlpr^LO^ (Q/5(i5
ansi^

perumaiyuUa

press (for printing) (n.) -

Q^(§s;(ffi

p r o b l e m (n.) —

prison (n.) -

sorrusfTLniTasr

urimai

m^^iumrrssr

satthiyamana

QuqgLDUfT^ih

-perumbalum

p r o b a b l y (adv.) -

thittam

^CL-LD

thittam

p r o m i s e (n.) — eiJfr«(gffj;^

p r o m i s e (v.t) —

most p r o b a b l y (adv.) ^GrS'SLDfTS

@L_L_li

labagaramana

project (n.); program -

U/flcKparisu, Qsiy@LO@ vegumathi

p r o b a b l e (adj.) -

labam

profitable (adj.) -

anekamaga

115

vakkuruthi

eL/fr«(g«Q«/T(4) vakku-k-kodu

p r o p a g a n d a (n.) i3!}'ffffr[rj'lh

p r o t e c t i o n ( n . ) ; patronage -

piraccharam

p r o p e r (adj.) a^ifliurresr

^^p^isij

p r o t e c t i o n (n.) -

sariyana

srreueo

p r o p e r l y (adv.) fffUlunsi

sariySga

ST^pr

ethir(,si^fAs,

si^i^gi)

£)u(75einLo(iiysfrsyr)

Qu(!^es)LD rS\^l3

perumai

QarrQt

{sUlTLp,

^efil

(- ^nSffiffl, -

^rjll-Sl

p r o v i s i o n (n.) ^fflfl^^su

kappdrru

(anuunpp, s>rruuiTpi&y,

alitthal

p u b l i c (adj.); c o m m o n ; u s u a l — QurT^(eurresr)

atharavu all

^eS^gd);

kodu

(Q«/T(ilffi«, QarrQi^gi)

GUtTI^^^)

p r o t e c t ( v . t ) ; save -

^^trai

^eis!tii.0§i);

s^tsssTL sa^cw ^
^essrismesr

QLDiuiJi30gi)

p r o v i d e (v.L); give —

oluhgu

prosper (v.i.); live -

StTUUrrpgi]

^
dhandi

(- ^5r9ffi«, -

(QuituOiSaa,

pothu(vana)

p u b l i c a t i o n (n.) —

iratchi

Qeue/HuSlQi^eo QajefiluSQi

116

veliyiduthal,

manavar

purchase (v.L), buy ojnrsJtQ

vangu

^srrisyj (0eiieiT,

sutthamana

GurrQi

thallu ^errsiS)

podu

( G u m _ , Gu/TL.®) p u t ( v . L ) ; place; keep etneu vai {enojoa, p u t d o w n (v.t.) -

^/Da;(g irakku (g)pffl«, g)is«g!) p u t o n (v.t.); w e a r ^essfl

p u r i t y ( n . ) ; cleanliness Si^^LD suttham, L^esfls^lh

dhuratthu

p u t (v.t.); throw -

{ammm, amiiiSi) p u r e (adj.) — a^^LDirevr

pinthodar

-(o)^n'jL_iJ755y)

p u s h (v.t.); remove -

dhandanai

p u p i l (n.); s t u d e n t LDfTessroj^

Q^ni—i^si)

pursue (v.L); c h a s e -

p i m i s h m e n t (n.) —

p r o p r i e t y ( n . ) ; respect —

thodar

(Q^iTL.rr,

{-Q^tjL^fT,

dhandanai all

meyppi

Qs^rTL-p-

iSleirQ^m—lj

(assiairifffiffi,

nirubi

QLDIUULS

" S ^ g U kilru («>JD, ai.55))

nokkum

pursue (v.L); follow -

p u m p (n.) -

^emiq.

p r o v e (v.t.) —

sotthu

vol

{^pp, ^rjjjil)

p u n i s h (v.L) -

propose (v.t.) -

Giirrlp

erru

yanthira-k-kulay

p r i d e (n.) -

thaguntha

sj(y)/5/@

p u m p ( w a t e r , etc.) ( v . L ) — ^pn)J

perumaiyaga

p r o p e r t y (n.) -

venmai

p u r s u e ( v . L ) ; c o n t i n u e ; take u p

p r o u d l y (adv.) -

thakka,

fflff/r^jS/

Qr^lTSf^LCi

p u l l (v.L); drag; i n h a l e -

perumai(yulla)

porunthamdna, ^@/5^

kaval

QeiiessrsmLD p u r p o s e (n.) -

(-§)•-, -g)L-®)

p r o u d (adj.) -

porunthu

p r o p e r (adj.) -

^ScK

p u r i t y (n.); whiteness — veliyidu

p r o t e s t ( v . L ) ; oppose -

be p r o p e r ( v . i . ) ; b e suitable QurTQ^^^

p u b l i s h (v.L) Qsu«rSu5)(5)

atharavu

ani udutthu

punitham

veliyldu

117

enai0§i)

Bs;S\!Xlh

qualitj' (n.); character; health -

sikkiramana,

QeusiLDrmsin

gunam

(gswUD

slkkiram,

ffsSlp'LDrrisw

quality (n.); condition; nature - quickly (adv.) ^eiranLD

&SiSl[nDrT3i QsusLDnsi

thanmai

quantity (n.) -

^erreij

vegamdna

sikkiramaga, vegatndga,

eSlenrjeunsi I eSlmijeSleCi

alavu

viraivaga

quarrel (n.); fight-

r e a c h (v.t); approach; g e t -

railway station (n.) —

quick (adj.); soon -

Q

/ viraivil

quiet (n.)*; peacefulness -

irii5)si) rayil

r e a c h (v.L); reach f o r -

rain (n.) -

LDe!S)Lp malai

Qudj

malai

(- Quiljtu, ~ Qutu^) raise (v.L) S-iUff^^

pey

uyartthu

quarrel (v.); fight-

quiet (adj.); peaceful —

(a-ujff-^, s-m^) raise (v.t.); lift; pump (up) -

quarter (1/4) (n.); f o o t -

quote; expressing (thus) -

r a n k ( n . ) ; position-

ffswsiDL

sandai

^es)LD^

sandaiyidu •srreo

kal

quarter part (n.) -

aimithi

^e^LD^iurresr

amaithiyana

toTsir en (sTor, ffresr^)

R

jr/rssirf? rani, ^rrS\

race (v.i.); run quickly -

GserrsSI Gaerr

9 ( i l ddu

(^[_,

^if);

vegamaga

odu

^ajprih

thivaram

radicalism (n.); intensity kelvikel

(- GmCs, - QmC®) question (n.) G«6iri5i5) kelvi

(kuli)muyal

((QL^)(LpujiA}

Qsuanarres s^(5)

railroad (railway track) (n.) iruppu-p-pathai

118

pathavi

GeusiLDnesT

rabbit (n.); hare -

question (v.t); ask Gffisfr kel ((SaCs, G ' « I 1 ® ) ;

U^'sSi

erru

rapid (adj.) -

kal pagam

queen (n.) -

i^^gy

eSlasyff^^

vegamana, viraintha

r a r e (adj.); precious ^(§{LD)

ettu («TLa_, m l ^ - )

STL.(5)

r e a c h (v.i.); join with -

rain (v.i.) LDsmLp

adai

^S3iL_

fflaneoiuLD nilaiyam

QffSl ser (CSffjT, Ga'fi^gi); QufTiLl GffiT poy ser

react (v.t); 'hit back' ei^^^^U^

ethirtthadi

(ffi^ff^ii^««,

r e a d (v.t); study Ulsf,

^a00'^fSl)

padi

surrS\ r e a d i n g (n.) — UUfJJLI

padippu

ready; readiness (n;) -

^lU^^LD Syattham, ^tunfr thayar

aru(m),

^q^enwiurran'

arumaiyana real (adj.) — QLDIUU-rresr meyyc ^q^(SS)LCs arumai s _ s w i LDiurreisr un.»a!\ana

rareness (n.); preciousness r a t (n.); m o u s e «Ts6) eli r a t e (n.); p r i c e -

oSsmso

vilai

reality ( r . , -

s-sisrec. o unnuii

really (ad\ S-ismeiS)L

119

lUfTX unma

-r^a

r e a l k e (v.t.); recognize r e c o r d i n g (n.); registration £_S5iirff unar {suemir, s-emi^gi) L / ^ o y pathivu r e a s o n (n.); cause r e d (redness) ( n . ) snfjemCa kdranam ^exiUL) sivappu r e a s o n a b l e (adj.) r e d (adj.) Hj/nuLDfresr niyayamana ^eu^^ sivantha r e b e l (n.) >KSU65<5
(ethir-k-)kilarcchi sey

r e c e i v e (v.t.); g e t -

Qu^

r e f u g e (n.) -

USeSll ih pugalidam, s=rTsmLC> saranam

peru (Qup, Qupsn)

r e c e i v e (v.t.); b u y ; g e t -

suff/i/gj vaAgu {euiTiiia, ojiTiiiSi)

r e c e n t (adj.) -

ffLSu^0UJ

samibatthiya

surjQeupLf

varaverpu

r e c e p t i o n (n.) -

r e c o g n i z e (v.t.); realize -

s^emir UTiar

{sL-smg, a.essrff^gi)

sirthiruttham

^/j-@(/5^S5£ii

r e f u g e e (n.) —

agathi

r e f u s e (v.t.); d e n y -

Logu maru

r e g a r d (n.); respect — LO^ULj rnathippu r e g i o n (n.); part -

U ( g @ paguthi

r e c o r d (n.); n o t e -

r e g i o n (n.); circle -

r e c o r d (v.L); note —

r e g i s t e r (v.t.) —

(^i^ULj kurippu

euiLl—LD vattam

u^exj Qa=iu pathivu sey


kuritthu vai (- tsiaiss, - esiai^§i)

(- QcFtUlU, -

120

QfflLI^)

r e g i s t e r (n.) -

palhivu-p-pusthagam

r e g i s t r a t i o n (n.); r e c o r d i n g —

u ^ Q / pathivu

r e g r e t (v.i.) -

tS«L;s!ncuuu(51

kavalaippadu (-ui_, -uilgi);

varuttham therivi (- Q^/flofl««, - Q^/S^psi)

r e g u l a r (adj.) -

r e l e a s e (v.t.); leave; a b a n d o n Sl5?(51 vidu (n5)i_, OSLLIJ)) r e l e a s e (n.) -

eSQl^eO viduthal, QSIQXSSIULI viduvippu

r e l e a s e (v.t.) Q5)(51«5)

viduvi

(o5)(ileiS««, siS)(J)a5)jl^) r e l i g i o n (n.); o p p o r t u n i t y -

ff=LDtUlJD samayam

r e m a i n (v.i.); wait; b e -

(Lpes)pujrresr muraiyana, ^(Lpiii^xrresr olungana

r e m a i n (v.i.); lie a r o u n d — S)z_ kida (Sli_««, Sti-^gj) r e m a i n (v.i.); stay -

Qpemp murai

r e m a i n d e r (n.); excess -

(^(LflBJsrTS olungaga

r e m e m b e r (v.t.); t h i n k -

r e g u l a r i t y (n.); o r d e r -

r e g u l a r l y (adv.); orderly reject (v.t) -

6 ! ! ^ kali {mifl&si, aifi^gi)

thahgu {0mis,0miSl)

mithi

{flaneu ninai i^enesrAa, /SfinEW^aa);

r e j e c t (v.t.); turn a w a y ninaivu padutthu U)njy maru [wi^ma, Logu^gl) (- u(Si^, - u(Si0^) t h r o w a w a y (v.t.) 'Do you remember me?' ^OT(e5 thallu (fienetT, ^«rst9) r e l a t i o n s (relatives) (n.) Ennai ninaivirukkirathd? r e m i n d (v.t.) .a^ihu^^lh sambantham rUmemoj^lLQi ninaivuttu r e l a t i o n s h i p (n.) -

£_/OSi/ uravu

(-aflTLL.,

121

-smCvi.)

r e m o v e ( v . t ) ; take o f f — ^{fiP&J

r e p l y (n.);answer —

kalarru

<^TS\L.9\^^
r e p l y (v.) -

U^sb dsn®

remove (v.t); pick up -

6T(J1 edu (srSlaa,

n®^^)

/fi55@ nikku

L/ffiZp

^g^aSl

Qffiu^

pugaldna

«fl

Qffiu

sari

repeat (action) ( v . t ) -

(- Qffiiitu, -

mindum

LDgiJULq.iLjih

Qff/ra)

marupadiyum

sol

Gsmflsema

QsiraisSI)

(5sijis55r(Ji(3ffin'sir

-

(guiSsd!,

korikkai,

rescue (v.t)—

oppi

^{TLL^ ^ULS^)

iratchi

thadai

palan

(LptSj.eil

pol iru

- Sims')

^^LDrresrih

thlrmSnam

respect (n.); propriety — LDlfliurran^

vendukol

Qurr^ULi

retire (someone) ( v . t ) (^lusij

Qsn®

(- QanQiAa,

oyvu poruppulla

oyvu

kodu

QmnQi^gi)

peruthal

r e t u r n ( g o back) (v.i.)

rest (relaxation) (n.) -

^Ql^Lbq

-

thirumbu

oyvu

rest (relax) (v.i.)

-

r e t u r n (come back) (v.i) ^(§LDL9

oy

(- ojn, -

122

-

r e t i r e m e n t (n.) —

-

QufTg^iULjeherr

<^dj

othungu

poruppu

r e s p o n s i b l e (adj.)

<^iueif

mudivu

r e t i r e (v.i.) e^^rsj^

mariydthai

r e s p o n s i b i l i t y (n.) — •

G^ilgl)

r e q u e s t (n.) -

repeat; reproduce (fr. m e m o r y ) e^UlSI

-

perumai

(3«sn- kel (GxiLs,

r e p e a t ( w h a t w a s said) (v.) -

(- Qsneoeo,

-

request (v.t) -

sey

^uASl)

LKoCGST

resolution (n.); d e c i s i o n -

(nar)peyar

Quq^esiLD

Qa^iir

adakku

(^i_ffi«,

^S5)l_

oppagu

QufTeO

(-

r e p u t a t i o n (n.); prestige

Qffiugi);

LSemQiiii mlndum

oppi

(rSn))Quujpi

^ l _ c B @

r e s u l t (n.) -

r e p u t a t i o n (n.); name

QsPiU sey

unavagam,

viduthi

result (n.); effect—

ef^gl);

epuuiT(^

r e p r o d u c e (fr. memory) (v.) S^ULSI

LSeisrQiLD

adakku

(5««,

-

(^(_«ffi, ^ ( _ « ® ) -

paluthu-par

LD^ULSf.

o

a.sssT'Si/iSSii)

r e s t r a i n t (n.); obstacle —

Qa^iugi)

r e s e m b l e (v.t.)

oyvillatha

restaurant (n.) -

restrain (v.t); control —

sey

(- Qa^iiiiu, -

seythi

cSyL_«@

sey

(- Qffiutu, - Qffiiigi); U(ig§lU!Tp-

marupadi

araycchi arikkai,

-

(^lueSistiisorT^

ffl5?(51^

SrSycchi

do r e s e a r c h (v.) -

repress (v.t.); restrain -

repair (v.t) -

iratchippu

^i^tsS)^^)

^ffS
-

^jrtl^lJL/

^CrrrtuffS)

r e p o r t (n.) -

r e n o w n e d (adj.); famous

iratchitthal,

research (n.); investigation —

arlvi

(,^g5)si57
-

pugal

LjSLpfresr

kodu

report (v.t) -

(fiss,$aSi)

r e n o w n (n.); fame

pathil

(- QairCgiAa;, - QmrrSi^gi)

remove (v.t);.dismiss-

restless (adj.)

rescue (n.) -

pathil

U0t
123

sun oj^gi)

thirumbi

va

r e t u r n (give back) (v.t.) -

rice (unhusked) (n.) Q / 5 s b nel rice(husked, but u n c o o k e d ) -

thiruppi-k-kodu (-QsirQims, -QsirQi^gi)

r e v e n g e (n.) -

ULp pali, ULflAf^u Ulfi palikku-p-pali

take r e v e n g e (v.t.) -

palikku-p-pali vangu

- ojiTiiiS) r e v o l t (v.i.) (- euiTiija,

^tfl^

arisi

rice (cooked) (n.) -

soru, satham

Qs^rT(!^ ffTT^LD

rich (adj.); w e a l t h y —

Q^GOeuQperrefr selvamulla

riches (n.); w e a l t h -

Qs^eiieuLD selvam rich p e o p l e (n.) qr^C&\ puratchLsey Qffeoaj^^pr selvanthar (-flffiuiu,- Qffuj^); rich m a n (n.) uessrAxirtxeir panakkaran
Qa^tugi)

r e v o l u t i o n a r y (adj.) -

puratchigaramana

r e v o l u t i o n a r y (person) (n.) -

puratchikknran

r e v o l v e (v.i.); b e overturned L/JTsfr pural {Ljprar, L/jTsrar®)) r e w a r d (n.); profit —

Uiueir payan

r e w a r d (n.) QKUQLD^

rich v c o m a n (n.) —

uemssmfl

panakkari

ride (in. a vehicle) (v.) -

vaganameri-c-chellu (-Q3:a)eo, -Qffsagu)

ride (on a n i m a l o r i n vehicle) —

ffOJlTlfl QfflU

(- QiFIUlU,

-

savarisey

flfflLMy)

ride (n.) -

{FeurrA savari

vegumathi, r i g h t (n.); claim — vegumanam a_/fls!nu3 urimai

QsiiQUJffsir/i

124

riot (v.) right (adj.); c o r r e c t assDffitb uejsremi fflfliUfTesT sariyana, kalagam pannu GrSCrrrasT nerana. (- Utoa'fllbaor, - L/swcBufl) righteous (adj.) (Srsp'mLDUJrresr nermaiyana rip (v.L); tear o f f Sll^ kili (g)f^ffi«, glyS^iH) righteousness (n.) b e ripped (v.i.) Q^fsesiia nermai kill (Sttfiiu, Stifi^si) r i g h t (side) (adj.) rise (sun, star) (v.i.) eusvLDfrasr valamana, LirpuuQi purappadu eueo^Lfrp valathupura (-ui_, -uCQi) right (side) (n.) — r i s e (sun) (v.i.) valathu (pakkam) sS\ls^ vidi (nS)L^(u, ciSujJB^) m a k e right (v.t.) r i s e (from bed) (v.i.) 3=lfl GlffUJ sari sey
xeosLD

GLDCDSU

Qffec mele sel

(- Qfl^co, - Qifrcngy)

river (n.) r o a d (n.); h i g h w a y

QrjrT(S\ ^ / r o i s u salai

r o b (petty) (v.L) -

^ ( 5 ( 5 thirudu O®!-, g®'^)

r o b (grand l a r c e n y ) (v.L) -

kalagam

125

Qa/TsyrsinfflTli/Uf. koljaiyadi

robber (n.) @(75£_sJr thirudan, QsfTsfrsmeassrrp'eir kollaikkdran robbery (n.) ^(yjtlg) thiruttu, QiXrreireinerr kollai rock (n.); gema
root (of a plant) (n.) — Qeil^ ver rope (n.), string
royal (adj.) Urr^ixiDrrasr rajangamana, S-(§LLQI urum ^p'ffpr
ruffian (n.) (Lpp'L-eir muradan ruin (n.); misfortune Qs;($i kedu,^ifia^ alivu be ruined, spoiled (v.i.) — (o)
QaiLQi QUIT kettu po (- Gurra, - Gumii) ruin (v.L); (v.i.); spoil-be lostbe(o)65(il ruined kedutholai Q^fToneo

rule (n.); fate aS)@ vithi run (v.i.) —

^(5> 0^" (gi-> 94-)

S

sack (n.); bundle gptlEiDL muttai. sacred (adj.) L/ssfl^LD/rasr punithamana sacredness (n.); holiness — L/ssfl^LD punitham sacrifice (n.) -

ueS} ball,

be ruined (v.i.); perish -

^lurraih thiyagam sacrifice (v.) ueSli&Qi baliyidu (uaS!u5)i_, usfluSlL®); ^lurraih Qffiu thiyagam sey

ruin (v.t.) —

sad (adj.)'-

ruin (v.L); kjU; lose Q^fTsmsu tholai ^ifi

ali (^ySttj, ^ifi^gi)

^ifi

all i^ifl&a,

^ifi^si')

rule (n.); administration— ^L-S) atchirule (v.t.); govern ^ ^LLffl Qa^iLl atchi sey (- Qffiuiu^ - Qffiugj')

rule (n.) -

S=LLI—IJ> sattam

(- Qa^iuiu, - Q&iiig!)

^s;si{ap)LDrTe!ST

dhukka(gara)mana sadness (n.) — ^smiM dhukkam safe (adj.) u^^P'LDnesi patthiramana safely (adv.) U^^p-LDtra patthiramana 127

safety (n.); security u^^rjLB patthiram sail (v.i.) -

suusSieo Qa^so

kappalil sel

sapling (n.) G)3=Ufl sedi satisfaction (n.)", fulfilment-

{Lnesr)riletsipeij

(mana)niraivu, ^ ( T J L / ^ thirupthi SL.eSlpLSp'UjrTesnh Qs^iu satisfy (v.t.) kadalirpirayamm sey ^(J5Ij^-Qa=IU thirupMsey (- Qffiiiiu, - Qfftugi) (- Qffiijiu, - Qsiugi) sailor (n.) Saturday (n.) LDrr§^LB malumi, 3=asfl^SlLps!nLD sanikkilamai suuQecmLu^ kappaWtti save (v.t.); protectsalary (n.) anuunnjgn kapparru ffWUeiTLD sambalam {snuunpp, smJunprSI) sale (n.) savories (n.); snacks eSlpuemesr LUSoarTlXLa palagaram virpanai say (v.); teU saliva (n.) ffTcor en (ffrcsr, crcsrffi/); ST#^d) ecchil Qffireo sol (Q^rraiea, Qffrra)^) salt (n.) say (v.t); speak (Su3i pesu (Gus:, GuSf) S> I'lLj uppu saying (n.); word; l a n g u a g e same (of one type) (adj.) Qwrrifi moli proverb (n.) s^(3p' LDfT^ifliurrasr ULpQlDfTL^ pala-moli ore mathiriyana s a y i n g . . . ; expressing ...; quote the same (an identity) (n.) ore thanmai ^loSrrni enru sandals (n.) scene; sight; appearance (n.) — Qa^q^ULj seruppu SfTlL^ katchi 128

scheme (n.); plan — ^ILL^LO thittam scholar (n.); p o e t Lfsoeu^ pulavar scholarship (expertise) (n.) LjeoemLD pulamai school (n.) palli{-k-ku4am) science; field of knowledge ^l^sSliueo ariviyal scissors (n.) katthiri(kkol} scorn (v.) — Qeygu veru (fflsug/ffi*, Qeuiru^gi) scream (v.i.) — ^eogil alaru {^evp, =3ysuj5)) scream (n.) — ^etipeo alaral sculpture (n.) — S\n)ULD sirpam sea (n.); ocean — SL-tso kadal search (v.t); look f o r G^Ql thedu (CS^L, G^^.)

seashore (n.); seaside t95i_j)i5SS5icr kadarkarai season (n.); time, era — dS/rsuti) kalam time of year (n.) uqgeuLD paruvam, U(5su«frsULb paruvakalam seasoning spoon (n.) talippu-k-karandi seat (n.) ^a=esrLO asanam second (l/60th of a minute) — sSlesini^._ vinadi second (sifter 1st) (n. or adj.) irandavathu,

irandam (adj. only) secret (n.); secrecy, privacy p'sSltULD ragasiyam secret (adj.) rra&UJLDlTeiST ragasiyamana secretly (adv.) !X3;§\ujLDlTSi ragasiyama secretary (n.) — Qffiueonenir seyalalar sector (n.); department ^es>ip thurai 129

security (n.) -

send (v.t) -

srreuiA) kaval, urT§i3i[Tuq

•^^lllLj

pathukappu

-

see (v.t.); find o u t -

anuppu

(^SUuu, ^gi/utS) sense (one of the 5 senses) — Ljsoeii

XfTessr kdn (arrsm, mmr(^)

see (v.t.); look; t r y -

pulan

(^LOLjevmixdr

aimbulangaf)

sensation (n.) a.sssr/T'JS unarcchi see (v.i.); understand Q^ffl then (Q^/fl««, Q^ifl^gi) perceptible (adj.) s^emp'S^Sl iLjeketr seed (of plant) (n.) eSieme^ vithai, eSl^gi vitthu unarcchiyulla perceptibly (adv.) seek (v.t); look f o r Unrp' par {uirp-aa,

urrir^gi)

e s ^ ® thedu (Qist-.G^u).); n5ff(Fl "adu (j5fri_, (jn-ii}.) seem (v.i.) CS^/reJwj/

thonru

(G^narp, G^/rsJrn})) seize (v.L); catchLSIUJ. pidi t3ij.0gi) select (v.t); choose; electG^p-pQ^Q'themthedu ' (-sjglffiffi, -erSi^gi) selection (n.) Gs^eij thervu self (reflex, pron.) — ^rreir

than

unarcchiyaga

sentence (in law) (n.) ^ffULi

thlrppu

sentence (pass judgment) (v.) thirppu-c-chol

separate (adj.) -

be separated (v.i.); depart tS/fl piri (iSSiii, i3ifl$gi) separation (n.) tS/flsi/

pirivu

separable (adj.) -

thanimaiyana

thanitthaniye

separate (v.t); divide -

sell ( v . t ) eSleo vil (eSlps, aSpgy)

i-5)/fl piri

130

U^QesT(Lg

pathinela

seventeenth (n. or adj.) pirikkakkudiya series (a number of things) Q^ni—^ thodar sermon (n.) pirasahgam serve (v.L) usssfl QfflU pani sey

pathinelavathu,

U^GssTLpniJa (adj. only) seventy (n. or adj.) pathinelam STQ^U^

elubathu

seventieth (n. or adj.) — eT(Lpus5rreij^

(- Q^iliiu, - Qs^ihgi);

eluhathavathu,

Q^iremQi Q
vai (aneuisa, anoj^gi)

settle (v.t); adjustseparately (adv.) -

seventh (n. or adj.) ejifirraj^ eiavathu, (^LpfTLD e/am (adj. only) seventeen (n. or adj.) -

^onLD

sila

amai

become settled (v.i.); suit ^esiLD

^su

severe (adj.) — kadumaiyana severity (n,); harshness sQ\a!)LD

amai

seven (n. or adj.) ^•(iP elu

kadumai

sew (v.t.); stitchan^ thai

131

sewing macliine (u.) -

shape ( v . t ) £_(J5«UfriB(g

thaiyal mashin shake (v.t); agitate^es)ff asai

(-=%««, -^m share (n.); portion uiij(g

shaking (n.) ^ejna^ay asaivu shake (out dust, water, etc.) utharu { s . ^ , a^jS) shake (v.i.); tremble -

a^/fliL)

shake ( v . t ) ; cause to tremble ^ ( 5 ) « @ nadukku

naduhgugira

OeuilasLD vetkam shameful (adj.) vetka-k-kedana shape (n.); image; form S-(lgeuili univam, (iprt^^ murtthi

kuriya,

Si^rrrssr

kumna,

Os^einLDiurresr kurmaiyana sharply (adv.); pointedly u^LDfTS pathamaga, Oa^mLCilimsi kiirmaiyaga sharpen (v.t) 3i>.[riTS(g kurakku ( - ^ « « , -^«g)) sharpness (knife's edge, etc.) U^lh patham, shiffmUD kurmai she (prou.) ^euerr aval (familiar), ^eup' avar (polite), ^eiip^snar

132

avargal

sheep (n.) QffLDLDf^ semmari adu sheep/goat (n.) ^ ®

share (to take a part) ( v . t ) i_//sj@ QxrrerT pahgu kol (- QsirmetT, - Qffi/rswSl) sharp (adj.); pointed U^UHTSST pathamana,

fB®li'(§ nadungu

shame (u.); modesty -

pahgu

share (to give a part) (v.t.) urilSlQi pangidu

shake (v.i.); sway cSyanff asai

shaky (adj.) /5(5)/5/(gS)fl3

uruvdkku

(v.-pol.)

Sdu

pirakashi iSI[r3in^0^)

ship (n.) kappal

ship (v.t.) (kappalil)

anuppu

(- .gl^Liu,

- ^^uiS)

shirt; blouse (Europ. style) =IV@/r#^

athircchi

shock (v.) ^(5)ffi©L_<#QiF(ij thidukkida-c-chey -Qiriugi)

shoe (n.); sandals — G)ff(75lJL/ shoot (v.t)

6ian[r

karai

(ggliSlUJ

(L5l£r«/rS«a5,

(-Gta^iiiiu,

shore (n.); b o r d e r short (adj.); deficient —

*

shine (v.i.) -

muueo

shopkeeper (n.) me!i)L_asn[rpr kadaikkarar

seruppu -

«(5) iudw (»i_, »L.S)) shop (n.) i B S J n i — kadai

kurugiya,

^einpeurrasr

kuraivana

short (in length, height) (gtLsjnt-HJfrssr

kuttaiydna

shorten ( v . t ) ; cut off

-

(gSiDjE) kurai (@6!nj)««, (gsmp^^) be shortened (v.i.), cut o f f ((ganfriu, ©Knjr/5^) shortness (n.) @6ffsrni)

kullam

should QQjeisn4.UJ^ vendiyathu shoulder (n.); upper arm — Q^mst thol shout (v.i.) Si^ffj katthu ( f f i ^ , « ^ ) shout (n.); loud cry ai^a^a^eo kucchal show ( v . t ) ; point o u t xrnLQi kattu (as/rCi-, «(rC^.)

133

show (n.), exhibitiott-

signal (n.) -

shrink (v.i.); w r i n k l e ff(5/SJ(g surungu

signature (n.) es) amaithipadu

sml-S\

shrink (make small) (v.L) cS<75
^®

sdtthu mudu

^/7$)@ff5) ariguri

(- U L , -

UL.®)

be (remain) silent (v.i.) G>LD
sick (adj.) (- s'n^ss, - s^iT^^gi) Q^nliUUlLi— noyppatta silk (n.) sickness (n.); disease uiLQi pattu (SjsrTiu nSy silk-worm ( n . ) side (n.); vicinity; page ULL(SILJLI,3=& uAsLD pakkam sight (n.); appearance; scene - pattu-p-pUcchi silver (metal) (n.) saiL& katchi QsusffsrS velli sign, (n.); mark similar (adj.) (g(jJl(L//-/) kuri(ppu) e^Grr LDU^fHtufresr signify (v.t) ore mdthiriydna similarify (n.); identity (gjjSluLSQi kurippi4u sg/i)ffj/S!r)LO orrumai (-©'-.-@L®) 134

simple (adj.) CTCTSIU eliya sin (n.); misfortune — un'SUih pavam sin (v.) urTsxlLD QffUJ pavam sey (- QsFiuaj, - QffiL/^/)

sinful (adj.) UfTeilLD QfiLS^ pavam seytha sinner (n.) uireSl pavi since (adv.) — LSISULJ pinbu, LSlssresrpr pinnar, -^(sSlqg^^ -ilirunthu sing (v.t.) un® padu {uiTi—, u/ru).) singer (n.); m u s i c i a n urvLsppadagar single (adj.) e^pempajfTesT orraiyana sink (v j . ) ; drown g^ipO mulgu (ftOfpa,

ftpipg))

(make sth.) sink (vlL) yy^ai^. mulgadi

sir (n. + vocative); f a t h e r ^lUlT aiya sister (gen.) (n.) SFGsrr^ifl sagothari (younger) sister (n.) ^liians thangai (elder) sister (n.) ^ssnakka sit (down) (v.i.) S-lL.si!T^ utkar situation (n.); condition — 0es)eti nilai, f^emsomLD nilaimai six (n. or adj.) r^fflf dru

sixth (n. or adj.) — ^prreu^ aravathu, ^piTLD aram (adj. only) sixteen (n. oradj.) U^smrrgi] pathinaru sixteenth (n. or adj.) pathinaravathu, u^esrirpfTLD pathinardm (adj. only) sixty (n. or adj.) ^gilU^ arubathu 135

s i x t i e t h (n. o r adj.) -

s l a p (v.t.); s p a n k ^emp

ami

slow (reduce speed) (v.) -

GeusiSJ^anro

.

arubathavathu, adi

s l o w (adj.)

(adj. only)

s i z e ( n .) -

uq^Lask

^L!j.es)LD

paruman

sTg)/Lb/_/a;ai.(Jl

^Uj-anLDlurresr

^rsi(g

skill ( n . ) -

thUngu

thiramai s l e e p (ru) -

skilful ( a d j . ) '^pemLDluiresT

^Asih

thimmaiyana

^psmLDlUfTS

thai

^xaiLana

^emQl

pdvddai

s k u l l ( n .) -

siru,

odu,

siriya,

^sirasr

sinna

L^smSLSis^

a^^aii^

vanam,

thakkamaga

thuTidu naluvu

sarukku

s l i d e (children's) (u.) -

dgdyam

i5Wl/iE(g

-tSuj-^gi)

'Don't smoke!' - . §jU).figi)

b e s m a s h e d (v.i.); collapse idi

s m o o t h ( n o t r o u g h ) (adj.) -

gju^gi)

iglisj.iu,

•

Q[BlTgU'S(g

iMLpLDLfiuurrssT malamalappdna, s n a c k s (n.); savories —

norukku

usosrrrfLD

(Q/5/rgyiS^, Qtstrrpj^Si) b e s m a s h e d (v.i.), c r u s h e d -

QrErrg)jliJ(g {Qt^iTt^tiia,

sarukku

LDsmiM

umJaLI

pambu

so (that w a y ) (adv.) ^LJULq.

appadi

s o c i a l (adj.) -

vasanai,

3=^x

manam

samUga

society (in gen.) (n.) SF^SiLD samugam

smell (v.t) -

GLDmj^ unjT

palagdram

s n a k e (n.) -

norungu

QrsagijmiSi)

sufTa=anasT

(- unffAs, 13.6

pugaipidi

(-tSn.««,

s m e l l (pleasant/neutral) (n.) -

Mbdlam

pugai

s m o k e ( a cigarette, etc.) (v.) -

S]^UJ

g)t^

s k y (n.) ^arraJLO

fflffU

s m a s h t o pieces (v.t.); c r u s h —

s l i d e ( o n a s u r f a c e ) (v.i.) lB(Lp^

pugai

pugaipidikkathe

slice (n.); piece; towel -

eufTesrih

L/sin<5

idi

asleep (adv.) —

s k i r t (n.); p e t t i c o a t -

suirecia

methuvaga

s m a s h (v.t.); p o u n d -

somberiyana

s k i n (n.);.lude; l e a t h e r -

rrumdai

L/sma

s m a l l (adj.); little -

thukkam

GmihQui^ujrTejsT

thiramaiyaga

sirippu

s m o k e ( e m i t s m o k e ) (v.i.) -

s l e e p y (adj.) -

skilfiilly(adv.)-

urreuirmL-

^ifluLf

QlD^euns adimaiyana

sleep (v.) -

elumbukkudu

Q^fTiA)

(SiHas, ffliil^si)

siri

s m o k e (n.) -

methuvana

slowly (adv.) —

adimai

s l a v i s h (adj.) -

s k e l e t o n (n.) -

-

QLOjs/su/rssr

s l a v e (n.) -

^poDLD

fflffl

s m i l e (n.); laughter — ^Uf.

arubatham

s m i l e (v.); l a u g h -

vegangurai

monthu

par

ufT^^^) 137

society (n.); association s^lBlsui sangam soft (adj.)uSq^^eurresr miruthuvdna softness (n.); tenderness QllBGS[CoS)l£i menmai delicate (not tougli) (adj.) QuamemLDiumsu menmaiyana soften (v.) miruthuvakku (-^««, -^«S1) soil (n.); earth; m u d LDSSsr man soil (n.); land fflsOLb niUon, ^eoeuemh nilavalam sole (adj.); a l o n e fieefl thani, ^esFltUfTesr thaniyana, ^eisB0iS thanittha solely (adv.) ^ssfliUfT^? thamydga, ^esBetriLDluiTS thanimaiyaga solid (adj.) kettiyana

m

solve (v.t.); figure out -

QS(i)aa

viduvi (oS)®a5)««, sSISteSl^gi) some — ^ s u sila (adj.), ^so/r silar (a few persons), ^ s u ^ silathu (a few things) somebody (pron.) lunQrtrT ydro some person, a person e^qgeiip' oruvar somehow (adv.) ffruuijf.ujrrsu^ eppadiydvathu,

eruauj-GiurT

eppculiyo,

eruuujJSius^liJa"

eppadiyenum someone (pron.) (unGprrr ydro, ereyGp'fT evard, ^qgeup' oruvar something (pron.) ex^nreu^ ethdvathu, er^rreugi ethavathu something, s o m e w h a t ^jQ^rr etho

soon (adv.); quickly — S-LJ3esT udane, eppothdvathu ^SiSlULh slkkiram sore (n.); w o u n d sometimes, at any time — Ljsssr pun eppothdvathu sorrow ( n . > ^ssiLD dhukkam, occasionally (adv.) — SU(T5^^U) varuttham, eruGunQ^rr eppotho, GsFiTiXlli sogam ^ s o ffLDiULD sila samayam sorrowful (adj.) — somewhat^sauorresr dhukkamdna QsfT(^3=LJD kohjam sorrowfully (adv.) somewhere (adv.) §lAaiLDfTS dhukkamdga ffTiiiGaGiurr ehgeyo, feel sorry (v.i.); regret eriBlGafT engo, eil(T^^gJ varunthu eriilGa^LD ehgenum (su(g^6S, ai(!S^) somewhere, anywhere s o r r y (adj.) eTiiKSaiufTeu^ engeyavathu euq^^^Slp varunthugira son (n.) sort (n.); kind; class LD&aST magan eues)£s vagal son-in-law (n.) s o u n d (make sound) ( v . t . ) LD^LDSesT marumagan spsiS) oli (^^eSlAx, ^sSI0gi); song (n.); s i n g i n g s^siS)«65#Q<9=(U olikkacchey (-Qffijiu, -Qsiugi) umLQt pdttu s o u n d (n.) song (musical) (n.) ^eiS)a=LJU!Tl—eo isaippddal sgs6) oli sour, sourness (n.) — song (n.); poem; v e r s e LjetH puli UfTJ—eo pddal

sometime (or other) -

139

sour (adj.) -

specify (v.t.); mention —

LfsBuL)

pulippu,

LfsBuunesT

puUppana

south (adj.), southern Qesesr

space (place, room) (n.)

-

QrS^eoeilLfl

(outer) space & sky (IL) ^•xrnuLD

vinveli,

spill (v.t)

agayam -

^Bnip^gj);

adi {^U)-&ai,

Gu»

l3e(T ^uj.^)

iSletreij {QuB^,

pesu

GuS)

GuffS^ ^asfluui'

I

special (important) (adj.) QpASluj

140

squeeze (v.t); press -

Qrs(l^S(Q

(Qrsd^^,

nenikku

Q/5(r5<5S))

s q u i r r e l (n.); chipmunk — ^essBeo

anil

stab (v.t); h i t (S^^

kutthu

^urro} -

(.tsf0,(s^)

^anec

(Lp^^smrr

parappu -

thabal mutthirai

s t a n d (v.i.); stay rffeo

spy (n.)

nil

(aSlp*, iSssrju)

s t a r (astro.) (n.); constellation

kettuppdna

^ippair

natchatthiram

s t a r t (v.i.) ; rise kalam

kilambu

(©erriiu, S n r u i i S )

-

s t a r t u p (v.i.); incite -

GeueijSilTTTesT

ketta,

thalai

s t a m p (n.); seal -

©srrtiiL/

QxiLQuGufTesr

mutJdya

ufjuiSl)

vasantha

spoiled (adj.); bad — Q«tll_

vSvupartthal,

orrarithal

s t a m p (postage) (n.) —

parappu

spring (water) (n.)

•^ipprSl^eb

/SLLff^^frii

{-(Surrey -GufTiu) thanippatta

spread (news, disease) (v.t.) -

vasantham,

kettu-p-po

pecchu

ujrsiS))

{usrai,

spring (season) (n.) —

pilavu

QsLLQiuGuiT

special (adj.) -

(aSrfiiu, n S f f l ^ )

viri

UfTULj

spoil (go bad) (v.i.) -

speech (n.) -

eSllfl

{jj^uUy

split (n.); c r a c k —

-

spread (v.i.); extend-

expanse, surface (n.)

(iSar««, L S O I ^ )

pila

-

(nSrflAs, oSlffl^)

UlXULj

spUt(v.)-

ami

s p e a k (v.L)

gl^)

s^uSipr ityir, ^0LDrr athma

s p a n k (v.L); s l a p -

spread (something) (v.L)

USXeij paravu

(S^^,

Gsusiyu/T/r^^d)

spread (as darkness, disease) —

s p i r i t (Ufe) (n.) —

idaiveli

s p y i n g (n.), espionage —

pulli

aSffl viri

selavali

©iSflj/ sinthu

space (between things) (n.)

^anL^QojffS

selavali

orrari -=wjSli5§/)

(r^i^iu,

karandiyalavu L/6rre(5)

vevupar

^pfl3ff5?

spot (n.); dot; point-

be s p e n t (time, money) (v.i.) -

idam

-

srressnq.iuerreii

vegamana

QffeOQJLfl

Geue^uafr

kararuii

spoonful (n.)

s p e n d (time, money) (v.t.) -

dtchi

6iS!ss5r
sryeisTLs^

vegam

GeuaLDireu

sovereignty (n.); rule -

^14.

(siSluLSCQi)

spy ( v . t ) -

spoon (n.) —

speedy (adj.) -

-

therku

(ji/enpiu,

((g^uiSlu, (3aj«tb

the south (n.)

^es)p

kurippi4u

speed (n.); intensity -

then

@L_li)

(g,l^ui3®

vevu-karan,

Sleirui-l

orran

(Slwruu,

141

Idlappu SerrutS)

start (vi.); set out LJpuuQi purappadu startle (v.t.); alarm thiduklddacchey {-Qffiiiiu, -Qffiiigi) starve (v.i.) Ulll4.«5f?u5)(V5 pattiniyiru

stay (v.i.); remain ^ISJ^ thangu {^liim, ^aiSl) stay (v.i.); stop, stand^GO nil (jBpa, rSt^jTti) stay (v.L); s t o p ninitthu

O^W^, ^nj/i#)

steal (v.t.) ^dS® ihirudu

state (say, write, publish) (v.) - 0 ® t - , p ® i f ) ^fl$)si5! arivisteami (v.t.); boil (^j5!a5!««, ^iS^cSipsi) ^ s i 5 ) avi (.=si/a5)««, ^eS^gi) statement ( n . ) be steamed (v.i.), boiled ^ff5)«OT« arikkai ^eSI avi {^aSliu, ^eSl^) state (n.); condition steam (n.) (^lansu nilai, ^rrireSl nirSvi f^emeoesyus nilaimai steam-engine (n.) state (nation) (n.) 0p-iTeSj UJ^^p-Lb ^nQi nSdu niravi yanthiram station (n.); place steel ( n . ) f^«nsuujLb nilaiyam 6 T o o @ ehku statue (n.) step (n.); foot; bottom, base ^ s n s u silai-, ^ i f adi ^ s_q^enLb univam step(v.)status (in organization) (n.) ^1/14. Kno/ adivai U0&SI pathavi (- snsuaa;, - esmj^gi) stay (v.i.); be; waitstep(n.)Ul^ padi 142

stem (adj.) stitch (v.t); sew - • sQiemLDiurrejsr kadumaiyana (sina!«ffl, s s i ^ ^ g ; ) sternness (n.); harshness stitch (n.); stitching — «(5lSJ)L0 kadumai sai^ttjd) thaiyal stick (long) (n.) stomach (n.) xiDLf kambu stick (short) (n.) stone (n.); g e m stick (make adhere to) (v.t) stony (adj.) l^lL(S\ ( g i l i _ , @ L 4 . ) «cb ufTsiojDiufrssr still (adv.); yet; more kal paraiyana ^sJrgUiii innun, stop (v.i.); stay; standc^ssr/rgj/li SnSlum ^ s b nil stfll (continuing) (adv.) ^SlgilLb Sgilum stop (v.t); s t a y still (quiet) (adj.) ninitthu amaithiyana store (n.) , shop stink (v.i.) «(5ini_ kadai /S/Wl/ naru (ifnp, rsni^') storm (n.) stink (n.); stench — qiueo puyal fSfTppLD narram stormy (adj.) stir (v.t), disturb qiusu (Tssr puyaldna «SU«@ kalakku story (n.) («6Uffi«, 'fflSUisS)) get stirred (v.i.), disturbed — store (n.); hearth —
143

straight (adj.); honestGiSP'freu nerana, QtSP^mLDluiTesr nermaiyana

strength (n.) SIJSI5)(S3)LD) vali(mai) strong (adj.) -

eueSmLDiurrssr

straightness (n.); honesty QlBpf
valimaiyana strike (stoppage of work) (n.) GexJeinet) rflgu^^ih velai niruttham strike (stop work) (v.) -

anniya(mana) stranger (n.) ^^rffiup' anniyar, ^lueoireir ayaldn street (n.) Q^QJ theru,

Q?^ vithi

velai niruttham sey (- QfflUlU, - Q3:iUgl) strike (to hit) ( v . t ) ^14. adi

strength (n.); fmnness S-gi]^ uruthi strong (adj.) S-^^lUfTSST uruthiyana strongly (adv.) — S-gn^lurrsi umthiySga strength (n.) — ueoiis balam strengthen (v.t) wsouuQl^gl balappadutthu strong (adj.) ueOLDfresr bakanana, ueo^iS balattha

string (n.) «u5)ffiy kayiru string (beads, etc.) (v.L) Q^rrQi thodu (Qasn-L, Q^iTU).) stroke (n.), blow ^14strong (adj.) — ueOLDrrenT balamSna, eueSletDLDUJlTesT valimaiyana structure (n.); construction^es)iX)ULf atnaippu struggle (n.) Gurrprn' 1 ih pordttam

144

struggle ( v . i . ) Gufrrrrr® pSradu

{QuntfiTt-, Gurrantsj^

stubborn (adj.) -

murattutthanamana student(s) (n.) Lorremeyp' manavar (pi.), LDfTemaSl mdriavi(t}, LDfTemeuesr manavan (m.) study (v.); l e a r n •XSO kal {mpa, spgu) study (n.); learning seoeSI kalvi study (v.); r e a d UlSj. padi (utfisffi, uisj.^) stupid (adj.) -

^L_(u)frssr)

nuUiaimdna), makkana subinit to; obey; calm down — adahgu (^t_/5/«, ^ L J 5 ) S ) substitute (n.) u^eSI pathili

LoAsam

substitute (v.t) u^eorrs emeu pathilaga vai

(- smcuAs, -

subtract ( v . t ) Slfi kali («i^«ffi, « i ^ ^ ^ ) subtraction (n.) SL^^SieO kalitthal success (n.); v i c t o r y Qeuipn^ verri successful (adj.) Qeu^i^sriLDnesT verrigaramana succeed (v.) Qeupt^QmrTeiT verrikol (-G«/Tsrrar, -Qffi/resjr®) such (in that way) (adj.) athemathiriyana sudden (adj.) s_j_esns^iU[TesT udanadiyana, ^M./r thidir suddenly (adv.) a_L_Gs5r udane, ^lss.Q[reirQ] thidlrenru suffering (n.); g r i e f dhukkam, euq^^^LD varuttham, « s ^ l _ i i kashtam suffer (v.i.) gIssTUUuQt thunbappadu

( - u i _ , -UL.®);

as>aj0^)

sd^L-UU®

145

kashtappadu

sugar (n.)ffffasesifj sarkkarai suit (v.i.); become-settled^emLD arrmi

suitable (adj.) — lhakka,

^g5(5^ thaguntha, Qurrq^^^LDiTesr

porutthamana be suitable (v.); be proper QufTQ^^^ porunthu summer (n.); hot seasonCSffin'is3ii_'(«6?/rsutii)

kodai(-k-kalam) sun (n.) (g/fl(U£Jr surtyan, (e^rruSlgu nayiru sunlight (n.); sun's heatQeuiSleo veyil, (^fHiU sgsrS suriya oli sunny (adj.) e^e^turresr oliyana sunrise (n.) (g/flttjesr s-^ujLb suriyan uthayam

simset (n.) suriyan maraithal sunshine (n.); sun's heat — QexiuSo} veyil, @rf)(U i^efH suriya oli

Sunday (n.) —

ndyirru(-k-kilamai) supervise (v.t.) — siessTSineaiA kangani . (3u)pu/r/rs!D«ivuS)(5) merpdrvaiyidu supervision (n.) -

GLopUfTp'eimxJ merparvai

supervisor (n.) -

aemesrressflluun-errp)

kangdni(ppalar),

GiDjpurrp'ssyeuujrrerrff

merparvaiyalar supply (n.)^ s r S ^ d j alitthal supply-(v.t); give-

^efh ali (^siSAs, cS/o9^s/)

support (v.t) — athari 146

support (n.) c^^/jsy

atharavu

support (v.); sustain^rnsi(^

thdhgu

suppose (v.t); count — STSCTrgwi; emu (sTcrarsasT', ereiBrcinfl)

suppress (v.t) =3yL_
(^l_««,

adakku

^Lffl®)

sure (adj.) -

^S^fflfluJLb

surrender (v.i.) S'fremiSJnL^ saranadai (-^sDLttj,

SripgiJULIpLh surruppuram

nicchayamSgd

athisayam,

(-g)®««.-g)(2HS^)

suspect (v.t.) aTJCp^S) santhegi santhegappadu

dcchariyam

surprising (adj.) athisayamdna, ^S'fflfltULDfTSsr dcchariyamdna

surprisingly (adv.) dcchariyamSga

-^ani—^g])

surrender (n.) sdramuiaithal surround (v.t) surru («pp, »pj5)) surroundings (n.) survive (v.i.) — ^eiSl^^qg jivitthiru

nicchayatnana, nicchayamuUa surely (adv.) ^a^s^iuinrrx surprise (n.) — ^^•SFIULD

be surprised (v.i.) ^^s^uSI athisayi

(-U£_, -uC®)

suspicion (n.); doubt —

a75(3^
suspicious (adj.); doubtM santhegamulla, santhegamdna 147

suspiciously (adv.) santhegamaga suspend (stop) (v.L) —

athari

T

t a s k (n.) -

mesai

Co(jOSJi
-

(g)orf)««,

{-QaiTshar,

^esfi0gi)

t a k e (v.L); pick up -

sweet (adj.) ^esfluj

6T(5)

iniya,

^ssflstnLDiUfTeisr

inimatydna

inimai

^ssflssiLD

Q.ssn'em'(^

s w i m m i n g (n.) — nlcchal

s w i t c h off ( v . t ) ; turn off ^emessr anai

thodu

(Q^m_jr,

(|^,/Sl5^)

t e a c h (v.L)

Q^rri-irp^)

Q3=rreo sol (Qff/raisu, Qs^rraieS) t e m p e r a t u r e (n.) Qeuuu

msiyulla

veppa

Gus? pesu (Gug:, GuSi)

GaiTuSeo -

s y m p a t h y (n.); mercy, pity —

s^iuijLDn'sisT

irakkam

QtBUf-iU

148

uyaramdna, nediya

koyil

t e m p o r a r i n e s s (n.) ^njsireSlsih

solli-k-kodu -QsiT®^si)

(-£)ffi/r®«ffi, QmeoeSl^^rr

tharkaligam

t e m p o r a r y (adj.) -

-

tharkaliga(mana) solU-t-tha

t e n (n. or adj.)

-

patthu t e a c h e r (n.); editor; author — ^^ifliu^

Gua=3^ pecchu

^efreij alavu

t e m p l e (shrine) (n.) —

t a l k (v.i.) talk(n.)-

e&QiSip

vidugira

tell (v.); say -

vafi

t e a c h (v.L)

taU(adj.)^rrssiLO

nisi par

Gurr kondu pS

t a k e u p ; continue (v.) G)^fr(5l

ninthu

-

kannir

•sssisrsjjsf/r kannir

(- unp-ffi*, - u n u 0 g i )

Sl/rf?

Siifi^^)

Uli (g)yS)iu, g)f^/5^)

•sessress?pr

t a x (n.); line sjQi^gj)

(- Qutrm, - Gumifj

s w i m (v.i.) -

/§#(Fsb

edu (e7(il««,

t a k e (away, along) (v.L)

sweetness (n.) -

S\lfl

rusi

q^^iLierrerr

-QairessrQi)

{JStiflBx,

t e a r f u l (adj.) -

suvai,

unff

kill

t e a r ( s ) (eye-water) (n.) -

tasty (adj.) -

partthu-k-kol

ini

velai

taste (v.) -

t a k e c a r e (watch out) (v.L)

be sweet (v.) ^ssfl

kadamai,

GeuemeD

(Tj^

thaiyalkaran

viluhgu

aiL^QDLD

s^meu

t a i l o r (n._) -

(o5)(y)ffi/ffi, aS(ip/5/©)

Slifl

be torn (v.i.) —

taste (n.); f l a v o r -

taU (n.) - _

swallow (v.t.) eSI(l^lBJ(Q

t e a r (off) ( v . L ) ; rip (up) -

kulam

(geiTii

SU/Tsl) val

^i^fiSl)

(•^/flaa,

t a n k (man-made lake) (n.) -

table (n.); small desk —

sustain (v.L); s u p p o r t c^^rf)

s y s t e m (n.) " (Lpemp murai

t e n t h (n. or adj.)

asiriyar

u^^rreu^

t e a m (n.) — «iLLj_SB!rfl aiiLB\

U^fimJa kuttani,

-

patthdvathu, patlham

(adj. only)

t e n d e r n e s s (immaturity) (n.) — ^erremLD ilamai

149

tender (adj.); immature ^«Tr(uj) ila(m), ^errSluj

ilagiya,

^erranLDiurrasT

textne(s) (n.) ^iijeffl javuU than (conj.) —

ilamaiydna

term (length of time) (n.) Ud^euLB

term (condition) (n.) fSlu^^emeu

nibanthanai

eS]L-

vida

nanri

selutthu

thank (v.)'-

paruvam

(- Qs^sil^^' ~ C'JS!/:S^)

territory (region) (n.) -

iSlrjG^fflM p i r a d h e s h a m

thanks (n.) -

terror (u.), fright —

thankful (adj.) -

UUJLD payam, uiUlilsilXLD

thankless (adj.),-ungrateful-

payangaram

terrible (adj.), frightfiii uiuiiimp'LDiTesr

payahgaramana

terribly (adv.), MghtftOly -

uiuiiiarrLairx

payangaramdga

terrify (v.L), ftighten payamurutthu test (n.); academic exam — (30e^ thervu test (v.); examine sothanaisey (- Q^iijiu, - Q3=tu^)

/5£5Tj5!

nanri

[BeirfffuLierTerr

nanriyulla

^sw/7$) QXLLI— nanri that (thing) (pron.) -

^§1

ketta

athu

that Cadj.); those-

that way, like that^UUiSj. appadi theater (n.) /5/n_<9sa=/re3)su

theft (n.)^(0ll(S)

tUruttu

their (poss. adj.) avargal

(rational),

avargaludaiya

150

(rat.),

(irrational),

^milSiQefT

-thdhgale

then (at that time) (adv.) -

antha

^/5^

then (adv.) ^uGurr appo, ^uQurr^ appothu, avaigalin (iiraL) • ^LjQurT(ig§l' appoluthu theirs (poss. pron.) there (adv.) avargaludaijathu (rational), ^iBlGa; ahge there is, itis — avaiyudaiyathu (irrational) ^f^ASlp^ irukkirathu them (pron.) there!, look there! - avargalai (ace, rational), ^ - ,S>fS^rT atho thereafter (adv.) avarrai (acc., irrational) ^ ^ s s r tS)p@ athanpiragu themselves (reflex, pron.) therefore^ITQLD t h a m e , avairrin

^uQurr^

then (after that)nataka-salai

l51/E)@

appothu

piragu

then (in that case) ^uuij-iUfTssrrra}

appadiyanal

then (after) (adv.) rg^lllLJipih

appuram

^ULJipLD

appuram

beyond (in space) —

(STessrQsil enave,

^msiUfreo

dgaiyal,

^emmuSetsTrreo

_ agaiyinal

therefore (on that account) ^^esmeo ^•BiQeU

athanal, agave

these (people)-

@ay^6565r i v a r g a l

these (things) >^emeu

ivai

they, those (people) ^eup'xet avargal they, those (things) 151 ^es)aj{sBerr) avai(gaf)

they themselves (refl. pron.); he himself (polite) ^fTLD

thirsty^rrmunTS

tham

firrMQfieterr

thick (adj.) ^14.0^

thadittha

esipJLi

thadippu

thickness (n.) thief ( n . ) @(5L_sw thin (adj.) -

u^^ipeirgu

thoroughness (n.) Lj^p'essrih

pUranam

those (adj.), t h a f -

irukkirathu

pathimUnru

thirteenth (n. or adj.) —

^euffam

karuthu

(«®^, «i5^)

fHanssr^^ ninainthu

third (n. or adj.) -

U^fipOSTlplTLD

(Lpuu^

thagam

muppathu

muppathavathu,

(tpuu^fTLD

(adj. only) this (thing) (pron.), i t -

^uSlsmiLD

ayinum

STSSsrsBisnJb

ennam

s;q^^^

this (adj.) -

payamurutthal

fiightenpayamurutthu

t h r e e (n. or adj.) gpssrgy munru thrift (n.); economy; brevity ^ffiaesnii sikkanam thrifty; economical; brief— ffissemLDneST

sikkanamana

thriftily; economically, briefly S\aiaiesrLDrTS

sikkanamaga

^uSltTLD

ayiramavathu

mullu

puranamdna

t h r e a d (n.) -

nj/ra) nul

- ^ e o

ayiram

-al

throughout —

karutthu

t h o u s a n d t h (n. or adj.) —

intha

t h o r n (n.) (zpsjr mul, (Lperr(§rf thorough (adj.) -

152

agilum,

t h o u s a n d (n. or adj.) -

ithu

^fysiSJsrLD[T
eninum,

thought (n.); idea; o p i n i o n -

muppatham

^

uiUfLpgll^eo

t h r e a t e n (v.L);

t h r o a t (n.) though (nevertheless) (adv.) - Q^nemes)L^ thondai r^esTfTeviLD andlum, t h r o u g h (across) (prep.) eTesrnrreVILD enralum (ajnjyffisina kurukkal thought (n.); intention — t h r o u g h (instr. suffix) -

thirtieth (n. or adj.) —

^/5^

munram (adj. only) thirst (n.) -

^S)@)/Lb

pathimunram (adj. only) thirty (n. or adj.) -

munrayathu, (tpeirprrLD

anStum,

pathimiinravathu,

ninai

think (of S.O., sth.) (pred.) -

avargal

those (things) (pron.); they cgysnsu avai though (even if) (conj.) erssfle^ILD

t h r e a t (n.) UUJ(LpgiJ0gj

antha

those (people) (pron.); they -

^esnrepllh

think (v.L); remember —

0!TaL[>

thagamaga

(adv.), (adj.)

thirteen (n. or adj.) -

melliya

think (v.L); p o n d e r grsrorsgi/ ennu (erffMrsinr, ffrswreasfl) think (v.t); consider-

iHesyesr

thagamuUa

"I am thirsty" (idiom) enakku

thirudan

(olLDGOeSllu

•Sg^gl

thagamaga

(Lpip^^Lb

murrilum

throvr (v.L); hurl; toss CTTTJ eri (ffrjSliu, ffrjSff^ throw(v.L);put(3urT(^

podu

t h u n d e r (n.); stroke -

153

tiredly (adv.) ^^uunss aluppaga tiredness (n.) thunderbolt (n.), lightning — \ kalaippu^ ^ g y u L / aluppu iMekticsreo minnal tissue (living) (n.) Thursday (n.){fdjeif sawu eSltUtTLfixSlLpmLD to (prep.), towards — viyalakkiktmai QrsnsSl nSkki, thus (in that way) — -a_«(g -ukku (suffix) ^UUUj- appadi today (n.) tie (v.t); bind; fasten ^asrgu lnru,\ tiger (n.)^s5rsn/o<5(g inmikku LfeSl puli toe (n.); finger tight (adj.)- ^ oSlrrA) viral ^guSllu irugiya toe (n.) time (n.); season; era— srreo e&rreo kal viral srreoLb kdlam togethertimes (number of) (n.)
154

tolerate (v.)
tortoise (n.); turtle ^ £ S ) i O amai torture ( n . ) euesifi vathai torture (v.t); torment — euan^ Qa^iLi vathai sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qfftugj) toss (v.); throw -

STff5? eri {sTigliu, eri^^gi) -

total (n.); the whole GlLDfT^^LD mottham - touch (v.t.) Q^rrQi thodu touch (n.) Q^fTL—Ofq thodarbu towards (adv.) GrsrraS) ndkki towel (n.); piece ^s55r(S> thundu town (n.)i^mriLCi nagaram trade (n.), commerce . sSliununffLD viyabaram trade (v.) eBiiiTumxLD QffiJ viyabaram sey (- Qffiijuj, - Qffihgi) 155

tradition (n.); generationurTlhuemrT parambarai traffic (n.); transport-

travel (n.), journey — i3[rujrremih {uujsmih) piraydnam (payanam) travel (v.i.), journey -

pokkavamtthu tragic (adj.) -

i^rriunsmih Q^iii piraydtiam sey (- Qa^iuiu, - Qs^mgi)

dhukkagaramana train (teacli) (v.L) payirchikodu (- fl«/T®ffi«, -

traveler (n.) LSrriurretssfl (uiusstsfl) piraydni (payani) treachery (n.) —

QaiT®0gi)

training (n.); practice UuSlpSl payirchi

^QfTrTsnh thwogam treason (n.) sathi

traitor (n.) glGp'rrSl thurogi transport (n.); traffic pokkuvaratthu transport (v.t.) -

nithi

treaty (n.) ^UU^^LD

oppantham

tree (n.); wood (substance) LO/TLD maram

erri-c-chel (-Qffwjco, -QffejsTipi) trap (n.) Quirri^ pari trap (v.t.) -

trial (n.); investigatione&mp'sinsm

visdranai

trial (attempt) (n.) — (Lpiun)^ muyarchi tribe (n.); clan (gsuii)

porivaitthu-p-pidi (-ij)if A s , -i3[^0gi)

kulam,

^eSTLD inam

156

thontharavu sey (- Qffiuiu, - Qsajgi) troublesome (adj.) -

try (v.t); see, l o o k UfTp' par {urrffsai, urr. try hard (v.); strive (Lpiueo muyal (xyiiueo, QfiiuesTipj) Tuesday (n.) sewdykMlamai turn (v.i.); return^(§LDLl thirumbu (@(5ii)U, gcgiitS) turn (cause to turn) (v.t.) — ^(§ULl thiruppu

turn (one's) (n.) thontharavdna true (adj.), truthful (Lpemp mural s^essretnLDlurresr unmaiyana, turn off (v.t); switch off ^ s n s s s r anal GlBP's^LDlLjefrerr nermaiyulla

treasure (n) rS\^

trip(n.)i3rriu[TsmLD {uiuemLD) pirayanam (payanam) troops (n.); army ues)l— padai trouble (n.); difficulty Q^mj^iTSl/ thontharavu, sei^i—LD kashtam trouble (v.) -

truth (n.); f a c t a_ssiirs!r)U! unmai, Q^ffSS)LD nermai truth (n.); certainty ^ffS^lULD nicchayam trunk (box) (n.) QuiLuf- petti trunk (of an elephant) (n.) ^^sens

turtle (n.); t o r t o i s e ^onLD

dmal

twelve ( i L or adj.) -

us5re5flfrsssr(51 pamnrandu twelfth (n. or adj.) uekesflp'essri—fTeiJ^

pannirandavathu, ueireisflpremL^n-Lb pannlrandam (adj. only)

thuthikkai

trust (v.t); b e l i e v e rsLDLJ nambu QBLDU, iswiSI) 157

twenty (n. or adj.) ^ ^Q3Ugj

iritbathu

u n d e r s t a n d (v.i.); know an

twentieth (n. or adj.) irubathavathu.

a/an/T

'two (n. or adj.) —

u n i q u e (adj.); unprecedentedunite (v.t); join —

uumbrella (n.) —

5^(51 kudu

(gszDL kudai

nnable (aux. V . ) (LpUj-lurrgj

mudiyathu

ift'f'S^lULDpp

uncle (n.) -

under (prep.); underneath lale

under (subject to) ^is^uSQeo adb/ile

sijes)p'ai(QLD

QufTluuJlTasT

poyyana

ShU).)

unwell (pred.) -

upon, on top of, above -

Gujsb mel, GLDQSO

G<9:pr ser (Ga^^r, Qa^gi)

universe (n.) -

upstairs (n.); roof terrace -

lSl[TU(ffl^ffLD

upstairs (adv.) Gi£)d)lB/rtij.u5)a) upto (adv.) —

pirapanjam

palkalaikkalagam

e^lfliu oliya, ^sSirr thavira. ^ illsvidil

unravel (v.i.); be separated -

158

(iSfiliu,

LSI%^)

ns (pron.) (daL) -

engalukku (excl.), rBLDSi(Q namakku (incl.)

a-uQiurranh

LDlTLH. modi

s^uQiuirSi

u r g e n t (adj.) —

ubayogi s.jJ3iunS)0gi)

ubayogamana

usefulness (n.) —

sJuQlunmin

UlUsisT payan ^

ubayogam,'

mSlmadiyil useless (adj.)

s^uGiurrsiLDpp ubayogamarra,

,

utussrpp

urgency (n.); necessity _,^exis^fILD

ubayogam

u s e (v.t.) —

useful (adj.) -

melana

euesifx varai

unless (conj.)-

t5/fl piri

Qwetirrasr

mel,

€T!BJaes)SfT engalai (excl.), fgLDonLD nammai (incl.)

{s^iJSiuiTSlms;,

mele

u p p e r (adj.) — CPLDGU

urgently (adv.) — ^eufffjLDrrs avasaramaga us (pron.) (acc.) -

use (n.), usefulness -

asaukkiyamana

tmite (v.t.); join G<3=p' ser (CSsTJ-ffis, Gasj^g/) join (v.i.); reach —

nicchayamarra university (n.) -

LDiTLDfT _mSma, LDiTLnasT mSman

SQifi

(»iL,

apUrvamana

kSy(arm)

varaiyil, varaikkum

u n t r u e (adj.) -

puriyathu

^Ljfl'euLDrrsa'

^rrimQ\

nncertain (adj.) -

LflfliUfT^

vqrai,

evmcruSleb

u n d e r s t a n d (pred.) LjUllUih puriyam don't understand -

iru murai

smui-^esi)

until, as far as —

Q^lfl theri

irubatham (adj. only) twice (Lpemp

unripe (fruit) (adj.) -

avasaram

S-^GUrr^

payanarra,

uthavatha

usual (adj.); common; public Qufrgj^LDfTBsf) euLp^aLDtTesT

avasara(mana)

159

poihu(mana), valakkamana

usually (adv.) eutfixmih Gluneo

vicinity (n.); side; page usaLD

valakkam pola

pakkam

QaL^nesr

valley (n.) ueirerr0^rr
pallauhakku

Qeupi^u^saen

mathippu mikka

LSAS

(Lpesrasransfl

munnani

vanguard (n.); futurity -

ST^Grr

vegetable(s) (n.) kSykari

vegetarian(ism) [adj. (n.)] ang^eii satva

ojeisnq.

vaganam,

uSxeLjLD

unu^);

Sip'iTLDLD girSmam village (n.); (home)town -

kodi kodumai

QanTQiemLDUjfTem kodumaiyana

mikka.

athigamana

160

Qs^eirgi] urr^ -

-eT(Sl0gl)

(-ST(Slffi«,

voter (n.) vdkkalar

eyrT3;Qs(S\LJLi vowel (n.) -

vakkeduppu

SL^pLSlrriurTsssnh kadarpirayanam

varugaiyalar vulture (n.) 6!(tf)@ kalugu

kural

S7/f)LD£iOiSD

(elutthu)

voyage (by sea) (n.) -

santhitthal

voice fn.) — (^p-GO

uyir

unii^si)

w

wage(s) (n.) -

erimalai

vomit fn.^ ~ 6 U n Y 5 ^ vdnthi vomit (v.) —

violence (n.) QsrrQiemLD

call on a person (v.) -

volcano T I L ^ —-

violent (adj.) -

^eS^gi);

vakkedu

voting (n.) -

^S>)

€ii([^m<9iUJfTGfrp'

par (uirfss, ^rreisT kSn {snewr, ssrargi)

migavum

-

visitor (n.) —

simpr ur

very much ^^SLDrresr

parvai. katchi

urrp'

QsfTLq.

(-

-

sufTsQaQi

eurTsanTeu^

varugai thd

(- uirffos:,

view (v.t) -

miga

visit f v p a y a visit — -

visit ( n . ) .y/50^a5sb

vine (n.); flag -

much-

LEI'SS

ufTpiemoj

theriyathu

senru par

verri

view (n.) -

vandi

very (adv.) LEIS

Qojp^

village (n.) -

vehicle (n.) eiirrxesTLb

verriyulla

victory (n.); success -

XITLLSI

ethire

srnusi^

6a/rya/(human)

victorious (adj.) -

mathippu

valuable (adj.) LD^ULj

kedana

ueSloJirerr

vanguard (n.) —

Q^f[\iUfT§}

victim (sacrificial) (n.) us5l ball.

value (n.) -

^rote (v.) Qj/ra;® ^sH} vakku ali (- ^e/Uss,

vicious (adj.) -

V

visible (peed.); perceived Q^i^iqiD theriyum

vdnthivsdu vote (n.) — fflj/ra© vakku

ffLnueniSi

sambalam

daily wage(s) (n.) (^«isr<9s)a^s^

(thina-k-)kuli

waist (n.); half ^ancr

arai

waist (n.); hip ^&LJLi

iduppu

waist (n.); middle^iS3iz__

161

idai

w a i t (v.i.); r e m a i n ; b e —

w a n d e r ( r o a m about) (v.) —

w a i t (v.i.) -

w a n t ( a u x . v . ) ; desire; n e e d -

Sin^^(§

Qunff por

w a i t e r (n.) -

QLoems^uue'usflujrrerT

mesai-p-paniydl

w a l k (v.i.); b e h a v e ; happen— i^u^)

nadanthu kol

(- Qairatm, - SlmirsisrQ!)

w a l k (stroll); p a c e (n.) {Bonl—

nadai

SKurr s

ivar

w a l l (n.) -

vendam

w a n t (v.) siS)(T5ii)L/ virumbu (aSJpsiiu, aSgjiiijl) w a r (n.); battle -

S T ^ f f JJ/T/r £//ifr par (- un^^y - unu0§i)

g o for a w a l k ( v . ) -

vendum

CSaJ655ri_/TU3

pom

(jsi—sm,

ajiji))

don't want, don't n e e d -

w a i t f o r (v.); e x p e c t -

- /5L_ nada

(aprp,

QeiieisrQiLh

kdtthiru

(-g)®«5, -g)(5!5^) w a i t (v.i.); e n d u r e — Qunrgjj

* ^ £ 2 / surru

w a n d e r (v.i.); m o v e a b o u t — ^ e w s o alai (^ansutu, ^«neu/5a;/) w a n d e r i n g s (travels) (n.) —

w a r m (heat-wise) (adj.) GleyuuLDfTssr veppamdna w a r m t h (heat) (n.) —

waste (v.t) —

siSemuj- viTiadi

Don't waste m y time! -

en neratthai vinadikkathe

w a s t e f u l (adj.) -

e3tsm!TS6T

vinana

w a t c h o v e r (v.); t a k e c a r e of partthu-k-kol (-Qarrerrar,

w a t e r (n.) -

0pr

nlr, ^emea^p-

vinaga

w a s t e f u l n e s s (n.); futility -

eSsisr vln

thannir

w a t e r p o t (n.) -

w a s t e f u U y (adv.) -

eSsmrrs

~ _ -QxrremQi)

thannir

htdam

^emeo

alai

w a v e (n.); w a n d e r (v.) -

w a s t r e l (n.) —

w a v e (v.) —

warn (v.t)-STS^3=l^ ecchari

w a t c h (n.), c l o c k -

( - ^ / _ , -^^) w a v y (adj.) - "

w a r n i n g (rL) -

w r i s t - w a t c h (n.) -

QaJUULD

veppam

erfftflflxana; eccfmrikkai

w a s h ( b u t n o t laundry) (v.t.) SQ^eij

kaluvu

w a s h (laundry b y b e a t i n g w e t o n r o c k ) (v.L); t h r a s h ^ S S J O J thuvai (^Gi)iajm^, a^cmci/^^y)

w a s p (n.) -

^es)e»fffeo alaicchal @«ra5) 162

kulavi

eSemem vlmm (siru)

kadigaram

kai-k-kadigaram

w a t c h (v.t); take care Xisueisfl

kavani

(«sueifl««, sajasfl^gj) w a t c h f u l n e s s (n.) (SSl/Gsrii)

kavanam

w a t c h m a n (n.) —

^em&)Uj[T(g)

alaiyadu

^£S)so
w a y (n,); p a t h euifl

alaigalulla

valj

w a y (n.); r o a d w a y ( m a n n e r ) (n.); k i n d - ^

susmas LDn^fh

vagal, mathiri

w e a k (adj.) ^errpr^^

thalamtha,

QiaeSI^^ melintha, eiiefiienmp valuvajra

kavat-karan

163

west (adj.); h i g h ; a b o v e -

w e e k (n.) -

weakness (n.) sua^aSleiranLD

valuvinmai,

(Qmn)unQ\

eunrXLD

varam

w e e k l y (adv.) -

OLDp(g

Qff&teiiLD uessriM

selvam, panam

w e a l t h y (adj.),

rich-

padaittha

weapon; tool, i n s t r u m e n t ^iLj^LD

Syutham

w e a r ( v . t ) ; put on —

.^sW?

w e e p i n g (n.) alugai

w e i g h t (n.) STSSiL

varavel

(^rasfliu, ^ s M f l j j ^ ) ;

s^Qi^§!

udutthu

w e l c o m e (n.) rBSOeurreij

w e a t h e r (n.) arrso iffemeo

eVijGeiJpLj kala nilai

(o)(5(U ney {Qpiiiu, Slreiugi) wedding (u.), m a r r i a g e ^(f^LDessTLh

thirumanam,

{neoiurrassTLD

kalyanam

varaverpu

w e l f a r e (n.); benefit — (5S0lii

w e a v e (v.) -

Slemgil

Idnaru

w e n (nicely) (adv.) /5sir@

nangu,

rSeirpfTiX

nanmga

w e l l - b e i n g (n.); g o o d health — »d5li

buthangikmai

164

FFjXU^rrssr

iramana.

rsemm^ss

nanair'-tha

sugam

eppSthum

eruGufT^ih where? ST/i/Oa! enge

tSemasr nana! (iBsiTswiu, rsenesr^gi) FefjLnnsi(g,

poluthil

w h e n e v e r (adv.); always -

iramSkku

(-^«ffi, - ^ « S ) ;

w h e r e (place a t w h i c h ) entha

idatthil

w h e r e v e r ; everywhere; anywhere —

TSetnasT nanai

ffT/5y@ii)

(/5«n6!(7'
ST/S/Gffitt/LO

STGSTS^

STij^

enna

w h a t e v e r ; any, auytldng -

ehgeyum

entha

w h i c h one?, w h i c h thing? ST^

ethuvagilum

ethu,

ethu

whichever ST^a/li

what's more ^Q^nQi

athodu

STSsrgy

(5«/Tj5/£5)LD

gothumai

w h e e l (n.) -

ethuvum

w h i c h day? -

w h e a t (n.) -

{FSSIJLD

engum.

which?-

what? -

nalam

w e U ( o f w a t e r ) (n.) -

W e d n e s d a y (n.) Lj^sirSlLpismLD

nalvaravu,

eppoluthu

w h e n (at t h e t i m e w h i c h ) QurrQ^^eo

Iram

m a k e w e t (v.t.) -

edai

w e l c o m e ( v . t ) ; greet -

eppothu.

eTuQun(Lp^

get w e t ( v . i . ) -

/^ffy niru (jEliriiaim, 0lm]^§!)

surjQeiieo

ani

fF/rti

w e t (adj.), d a m p -

w e i g h (v.t.) -

uemLD

merku

w e t n e s s ( n . ) , dampness -

weep (v.i.), cry -

^(Lpanm

selvamikka, panam

varanthorum

eppo.

eruGufT^

the w e s t (n.) -

w e a l t h ( n . ) , riches; m o n e y -

when? eruQurr

QLDISO mel

enru

w h i c h e v e r d a y (every day. forever) — STesrgULO

chakkaram

165

enrum

6T/5^

w i p e (v.t); dry (by wiping) -

w i d e (adj.) -

while (conj.) -

^se\iLDlTesT

agalamana

w i d e n (v.L) -

'

Qufr(Lp^
enthapoluthil

^es)L-

-poluthil,

G/B/Ttb.

neram,

Qeuanerr

velai

wire (n.) .

{-u(si0, - u ® ^ g ) ) ^dSSOtb

vellai,

agalam

maiL®

whiteness (n.); purity venmai

vivekamidla,

eSl{!gLlULb

viruppam

whoever (pxon.) l3lfluJLDrreJsr

QfiQ^

eSl(§uUL[>rTS

6Td)su/rii eZ2am the whole (n.); total QLDIT^^LD iuaqge1_HJ

w i n n e r (n.) -

gsjrssraj

^ s s r en

166

dcchariyam

viruppu

kol - Slaaressr®);

dcchariyamadai

s^L-SST

wonderful (adj.) udan

-airrmiSi)

piramathami ana) wood (substance) (n.) LDtJlD

afnu

kay

maram

wool (n.) —

withei: (v.i.); dry; heat up -

verriperuvan w i n d o w (n.) -

dcchariyam

wonder (v.) -

with (prep.) -

{-oJiTiam,

ySmdmya,

pen

(- Qmrrofrm,

<^Ql odu, verripenr

sdtchi

viruppam,

withdraw (money, etc.) (v.t) lilsjrsi/n'ffiy® pinvSngu

{-Gjup^-Quffjirtf)

evaruduiya

Quem

virumbu

sSlq^uULD eSlqgULl

viruppamaga

w i n (v.L) G)sDJ)ff5) Q u n j /

mottham

whose? -

why? -

_piriyamana

willingly (adv.) -

mulu

whole Cn.) -

a^fTlL^

woman (n.); g i r l -

wish (n.) —

viruppamulla,

lumj . . . -s> /'n y a r . . . -um whole (adj.); entire -

wish (v.); want OSIQ^LDLJ

witness (n.) -

^s^fflfliuth

vivekamudaiya

w i l l i n g (ready) (adj.) —

1U/77T yar

illamal

wonder (n.); miracle —

kattu

w i l l (wish) (n.) —

who? -

vivekam

Q5)Ga;i5(tpsfr«Tr

manaivi

illdtha,

^soecrTLDiA)

nanam,

eSlGeilSLD

wild (adj.)-

uUe

illdthu,

^d)su/r^

wise (adj.) -

LDemssreS

-

(adj.)

QajismetniS!

(S^nsSTiSi

wife (n.) -

s^ehGerr

^(ajsurrjs/

kambi.

wisdom (n.) -

w i d t h (n.), breadth -

QeuemetoLDiurresr yenmaiyana

XSIMLSI

agalappadutthu

white (adj.); whiteness (n.) QsuefrianOT

a_6rr ul,

without (lacking) -

^

a while (a period of time) — . -QufT(Lp^eo

within (in space or time) —

thudai

aiCauefA

kambali

word (n.); saying; language -

jamal

QLDITL^

167

moli

w o r d (n.) eurrff^en)^

vartthai,

QfffT
-

w o r m (n.); m a g g o t L/(tp pulu

w r e c k ( a g e ) (n.) -

w o r r i s o m e (adj.)

w r e c k (v.t.) -

seuemenu^eaefT «a;s!nsi)

w o r k e r (n.) tholilsli

i-uL.,

velai

GsKsnsu Q f f i u (- Qffiuiu, -

velai sey

p u t to w o r k (v.) CSsuemsi) Qffiuiu velai seyya vai

emeu

esyaj^^)

QeuetnsDAsrrp'p' Qeuemeosxrrp'eir

velaikkarar ( m . or f . ) , velaikkaran

velaikkdri (f.) w o r l d ( n . ) , earth — s^eoSLD

L^sm^ QffiU

ulagam

w o r l d l y (adj.) s _ s u « ulaga,

w o r s h i p (n.) .^yjn'^eneiST ysm^

aradhanai,

pujai

168

^uSl^LD

fg/T

eSLJl3^LCi[T£isT thappithamana w r o n g l y (adv.); mistakenly -

punpadutthu

nlr,

$lBJSerT

nlhgal ( p i . )

y o u (acc.) -

thavaraga,

S-eisTes)eisT unnai ( s i n g . ) ,

thappithamaga

Y

ayinum

nf(sing.),

thavarana,

^uiSl^LDfTS

ithuvarai

you (nom) —

s^liisemerr

uhgalai ( p i . )

y o u (daL) —

y e a r (n.) —

L/sssr pun w o m i d (injure) ( v . t ) -

LfemuQ^^^

thappitham,

thlmai

^eiirj'rrs

-

y e t (nevertheless) —

w r o n g (adj.); m i s t a k e n —

pUjaisey

w o i m d (n.); s o r e -

QetierrSsLDfrew lauldkamana

^emtM

inrum

^^euemrx

thavaru,

^exjurresr

(- Qsdjiu^ - Qs^dj^)

^esig^LD yet (till now)

kurrdm,

^LJLS^IJD

kumbidu

(@UIL9I_, @U]I5LQ1)

elutthu

(gpipLD ajajgy

w o r s h i p (v.) —

(m.),

Qeuemecssmfl

eT(Lp0^

mosamana

(^LhiS}(Sl

elutthalar

w r o n g (n.); mistake -

w o r s h i p ( v . L ) ; b o w to -

w o r k e r (n.) -

ffrU sari y e s t e r d a y (n.) GlSpg^ nerru y e t (adv.), s t i l l ; m o r e ; furthermore —

w r i t i n g (n.) —

mosamana

ama(m)

yes; f i n e ; c o r r e c t -

eT(Lp0^rrefTff

worstLBS; GLDfT3=LDITem miga

^LDfT{LD)

eluthu

w r i t e r ( o f prose) (n.) -

-uC(Si)

0^ff3[(i]) (nira[mj)

yes-

(«T(yi^, S T O ^ )

kavalaippadu

G L O g y z i GLDiTffLDrTesr melum

LC:(^ffea manjal

idi ( g ) i , . « « , g ) 4 - ^ ^ )

eT(Lp§l

worse-

Qs^iugj)

( - cnoj-SdS, -

kavalai

seueineouuCSl

w o r k (v.) -

^ q .

y e U o w (adj. [ o r n . ] ) -

alipadu

w r i t e (v.) -

w o r r y (v.i.) -

w o r k (n.); j o b — Geuemei}

kavalaiyulla

w o r r y ( n . ) ; concern, c a r e -

tholil

Q^rTLfistirre/H

-

^iflunQi

S_ssrd5@ unakku ( s i n g . ) ,

«K(^aj(U) (eiiq^i

I'n)

varusham

(varudam),

^eisrQl

andu

£_ffi/«(sr5«(g ungalukku y o u n g (adj.) g)s!nsrriu

169

ilaiya

(pi.)

FOOD

the young of some animals kutti

(gtlif

z e n i t h (n.); noon -

y o u r (possessive) (sing.) £_sjr un, a-gargifS!ni_m

ummdaiya

y o u r (possessive) (pi.) s^isiserr

a_.#ffl

-

zoo (n.)

QeveisranL-^ssmij) vendai(-k-kay) mushroom-

-

siaemrasT

QojfSJSSfTUJLD

6!^^fl
ua^ma' ui' pacchai

katthiri-k-kay

potato

(5«/rsfu gos

'Gas/rtl'

nihgale

cucumber

kerat

sarkkarai

-

upiBtSiasmiJ

vellari-k-kSy

parahgi-k-kay s p i n a c h (& greens i n gen.) SsJD/r

murungai-k-kSy

tomato

egg p l a n t (brinjal)— s^^l^aamu

170

valli-k-kilangu

pumpkin —

drumstick —

youth (young people) (n.) ^aneiTi^P' ilainar

-

urulai-k-kilahgu

Qsuerrerrfhssmu

ilamai

I .frssafl

pattani

sweet potato —

carrot-

youth (n.); immaturity; tenderness -

vehgayam

peas, green -

cabbage-

mngale (hon.)

kslan

onion-

bitrut

(§C'

(familiar),

kirai

l a d i e s ' fingers (okra) -

b r i n j a l (egg plant) -

yourselves (reflex, pron.) -

^crrsDLD

Seinix

valai-k-kay

kotthavarangay

yourself (reflex, pron.) -

0riJs(Serr

-

beetroot-

ufigaludaiyathu

pudalangay

qL^eoiiiesfTlu

avarai-k-kay

unnudaiyathu

-

greens-

salai string b e a n s

y o u r s (plural) -

^liisGsiT

mirugakkatchi

pava-k-kay

snake-gourd

beans (butter beans) ungaludaiya

yours (singular) — s^asrgj unathu,

mye

Vegetables for cooking)

-

uirsussilTUJ

b a n a n a (green bananas used OjfranLpsiismu

-

uhgal,

aj5;«(^einz_iu

0Guj

ucchi

z e r o (n. or adj.) Lj^tuiM bujyam

bitter-gourd

katthiri-k-kay

171

Krai -

^
thakkdli

-

mango —

Fruit

LDfTLbULpLb apple ^uiSlefT

mam-palam

orange appil

banana-

aranju

loosejacket orange —

eurremLpuuLpLD

SLDsvrr c ^ O ' ( g j » kamala

vdlai-p-palam

aranju

sitthd-p-paUun

pappdH(

dates-

-p-palam)

^eiresTfT^uuLpih periccham-palam

kayntha

gooseberryQfSsosSlasrriU

nelli-k-kay

thiratchai

s^uQumLi^rr

^rrmLes)a=

thiratchai

sappotta

s:fT0^S(gui. ^/rysru

jackfrilit — ueorruuLpih

dharbUs,

pala-p-palam wood-apple

-

eSlerrrTLhuifiLh vilam-palam

elumiccham-palam

172

whole wheat

thinai

flour

-

mavu

b e n g a l g r a m (split) d51_SinSU

kambu

kadalai

UQ^ULJ

paruppu

bengal g r a m sdlam

flour

-

a!L_s!nso ui/TSi/ kadalai mavu b l a c k g r a m (split) -

(3iSy)Sl/ir@

kelvaragu uluttham

(unhusked) —

pulungal

UlU^^LD

-

payattham

arisi

(parboiled)

paruppu

g r e e n g r a m (split) —

nel

^ffi& rice

-

L e g u m e s & Pulses

ragi — rice

flour

maidha

gothumai

r i c e (husked, b u t u n c o o k e d )

dhar-p-pOsani elumicchai,

dhaniyam

milo -

Qfgeb

lemon/lime STffl/ iBs^mf

satthukkudi

water-melon —

goyya

aniD^rr

a millet -

QmefTLa

sweet-lime —

guava -

s^rrasfllULD

gothumai

refined w h e a t

m a i z e (U.S.: c o m ) -

^es)esT

ravai

Qs;a§ies)LD

mavu

SLDLI

sapota —

grapes-

Qsmuiurr

^[rmLes)3=

css/riu/ja;

mavu

wheat —

m i l l e t ( i n general) -

raisinsatthi-p-palam

LDrrsi^ arisi

Ijsmaj

vargothumai

makkd-c-chdlam

annasi-p-palam

^^^UULpiJD

^ f f l ^

semolina -

ajfTpQ3irT^es)LD

grain -

pineapple -

figs-

{luemsxi) (yavai),

LDfTeij

uuurTsM{uuLpiM)

fffT^LDsatham

rice flour-

flour-

papaya-

custard apple -

yavam

(cooked) -

GfffTffi] soru,

barley lueuLD

•^[r(^»

rice

Cereals & Grains

-

U(§ULj paruppu

s p l i t g r a m ( p i g e o n pea) thuvaram

arisi

173

paruppu

Nuts & on

Seeds

almondsUfT^fTLO

U(§ULI

badhSm

paruppu

arecca-nutUfTS!^

Spices & Condiments anise -

-

L3err(g

asafoetida — cardamom — ^isossilTiu

peruhgayam ela-k-kay

chiUimunthiri-p-paruppu coconut G^liimiTlU

thengay

g r o u n d n u t (peanut) -

LSIerrmrriu

(ver-k-)kadalai

milagay

cinnamon uiLemL^ pattai

^e^eSlm^

aliviihai

kotthamalli

l3
ellu

garlicLj^essrQl

pUndu

vithai

SFrr^sxmu

iXiml(i1
mattu-k-kari

kappi-t-thul

ddai,

curds^uSl^

nandu

thayir

egg (chicken) (LpiLmL^

muttai

ghee (clarified butter) -

cSSffS

kari

Q^tu

mutton

-

milkurreo

attu-k-kari

ney pdl

sugar —

uarr^ssr^ jdthi-k-kSy

-

creamc^(Sjr)L_

kolj

meat-

s^p'sxemp'

panri-k-kari

sarkkarai

sugar-cane —

prawQS — ^prreo

174

kappi-k-kottai coffee poTvder smJiS^^err

pork-

inji nutmeg —

siiriya-ganthi

kMi

^il(il««ff5)

ginger-

sunflower seed -

kdppi

coffee beans —

iSeir mm venthayam

mor

snuiSl

LD(e^3=erT manjal

fish-

kariveppilai

venney

-

coffee-

turmeric -

jBsmQl

Qey^^iuiM

pistachio -

QiDrrif

puli

crab-

c u r r y leaf—

fenugreek —

(ver-k-)kadalai

buttermilk

chicken — slragam

peanut (groundnut) — (G«l//r<55)«LS!nsO

L/srS

beef-

cumin — ^prsLD

QeueisrQessnlj

kasakasa

tamarind —

arrut-

kirSmbu

Qxrr^^LDebsSI

mustard s e e d
a3'ag=fT

rotti

butter-

Flesh. F o w l . & Sea F o o d

coriander -

linseed-

QrrmLuf.

milagu

poppy s e e d -

vinegar-

clove SlirrnhLj

bread-

pepper-

sombu

Quq^lilstTiULb

pakku

cashewnut

GarnhLj

Other Foods

oregano — i^LDLD omam

sq^LDLj

irdl

175

karumbu

edu

ions Used

acc. = accusative (case) n. — noun, nominal adj. = adjective obj. = objective (dat. case) adv. = adverb opp. = opposite agric. = agriculture p. = participle art = article (gram, term) p.p. = past participle astron. = astronomy pi. = plural bio. = biology pol. = polite (or politics) boL = botany poss. = possessive (case) conj. = conjunction (gram.) pred. = predicate dat. = dative (case) pron. = pronoun esp. = especially reflex. = reflexive excl. = exclusive respect = respectful f. = feminine (gender) v. respect = very respectful fam. = familiar (address) sing.= singular gen. = general s.o.= someone hon. = honorific (address) Spk.Tam.= spoken Tamil ind. = inclusive sth.= something instru. = instrumental (case) sirf.= suffix inteq. = interjection temp.= temperature inteir. = inteffogative V. = verb iff. = iffegular v.i. = verb instransitive irrat = irrational v.t = verb transitive m. = masculine (gender) voc. = vocative (case) 176