electronic waste seminar report

SEMINAR REPORT ON E-WASTE

BY Deshmukh Priyanka

GUIDE Mrs. Manisha Jadhav

Deparment of computer science and IT MGM college,nanded.

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INTRODUCTION

Most Most consu onsum mers ers are are una unaware are of the the toxi toxicc materials in the products they rely on for word processing, processing, data managemen management, t, and access to the internet, as well as for electronic games. In general, computer equipment is a complicated assembly of more than 1,000 materials, many of which are highly toxic, such as chlo chlori rina nate ted d and and brom bromin inat ated ed subst substan ance ces, s, toxic toxic gases, gases, toxi toxicc metals, biologically active materials, acids, plastics and plastic additives. The health impacts of the mixtures and material combinations in the

products

often are

not

known.

The

production of

semiconductors, printed circuit boards, disk drives and monitors uses particularly hazardous chemicals, and workers involved in chip chip manu manufa fact ctur urin ing g are are now now begin beginni ning ng to come come forw forwar ard d and and reporting cancer clusters. In addition, new evidence is emerging that computer recyclers have high levels of dangerous chemicals in their blood. The fundamental dynamism of computer manufacturing that has





especially the speed of innovation -- also leads to rapid product obsolescence.. The average computer platform has a lifespan of less than two years, and hardware and software companies – espe especi cial ally ly Inte Intell and and Micr Micros osof oftt -- cons consta tant ntly ly gene genera rate te new new programs programs that fuel the demand demand for more speed, memory memory and power. power. A May May 1999 1999 repor eportt -– "Ele "Elecctron tronic ic Prod Produc uctt Rec Recover overy y and and Recycl Recycling ing Baseli Baseline ne Report Report"" --publ --publish ished ed by the wellwell-resp respect ected ed National National

Safety

Council’s Council’s

Environmen Environmental tal

Health

Center, Center,

conf confir irme med d that that comp comput uter er recyc recycli ling ng in the the US is shock shockin ingl gly y inadequate: •

In 199 1998 only only 6 perc percen entt of comp omputer uterss wer were recy recyccled compared to the numbers of new computers put on the market that year.

By the year 2004, experts estimate that we will have over 315 million obsolete computers in the US, many of which will be destined for landfills, incinerators or hazardous waste exports. E-WASTE

2.1 Definition of electronic waste :

Electronic waste includes computers computers,, entertainment electronics electronics,, mobile





for data data proces processing sing,, teleco telecomm mmuni unicat cation ions, s, or entert entertain ainme ment nt in privat privatee households and businesses that are now considered obsolete, broken, or unrepa unrepairab irable le.. Despi Despite te its its common common classi classific ficati ation on as a waste waste,, dispos disposed ed electronics are a considerable category of secondary resource due to their significant suitability for direct reuse, refurbishing, and material recycling of its constituent raw materials. Reconceptualization of electronic waste as a resource thus preempts its potentially hazardous qualities.

In 1991 the first electronic waste recycling system was implemented in Switzerland beginning with the collection of refrigerators. Over the years, all other electr electric ic and electr electroni onicc device devicess were were gradua gradually lly added added to the system. system. Legislation Legislation followed followed in 1998 and since January 2005 it has been possible to return all electronic waste to the sales points and other coll collec ecti tion on poi points nts free free of char charge ge.. Ther Theree are are two two esta establ blis ishe hed d PROs PROs (Pro (Produ duce cerr Respo Respons nsib ibil ilit ity y Orga Organi niza zati tion ons): s): SW SWIC ICO O main mainly ly hand handli ling ng electronic waste and SENS mainly responsible for electrical appliances. The total amount of recycled electronic waste exceeds 10 kg per capita per year. The European Union is implementing a similar system described in the Wast stee

Elec El ecttri rica call

and an d

Elec ecttro roni nicc

Equi Eq uipm pmen entt

Dire rect ctiv ivee

(WEEE

2002/96/EC). The WEEE Directive has been transposed in national laws and become effective. The manufacturers became financially responsible for the compliance to the WEEE directive since 13 August 2005. By the end of 2006 – and with one or two years' delay for the new EU members – every country has to recycle at least 4 kg of e-waste e-waste per capita.





Definition Defini tion of electronic electro nic waste according to the WEEE directive : •

Large household appliances (ovens (ovens,, refrigerators etc.)

•

Small household appliances (toasters (toasters,, vacuum cleaners etc.)

•

Office & communication (PCs ( PCs,, printers printers,, phones phones,, faxes etc.)

•

Entertainment electronics (TVs (TVs,, HiFis HiFis,, portable CD players etc.)

•

Lighting equipment (mainly fluorescent tubes) tubes)

•

E-tools (drilling (drilling machines, machines, electric lawnmowers etc.)

•

Sports & leisure equipment (electronic toys toys,, training machines etc.)

•

Medical appliances and instruments

•

Surveillance equipment

•

Automatic issuing systems (ticket issuing machines etc.)

3.2 Risks related to some e-toxics found in computers Lead

Lead can cause damage to the central and peripheral nervous systems, blood system and kidneys in humans. Effects on the endocrine system have also been observed and its serious negative effects on children’s brain development have been well documented. Lead accumulates in the enviro environme nment nt and has high high acute acute and chroni chronicc toxic toxic effect effectss on plant plants, s, animals and microorganisms. Cadmium

Cadm Cadmium ium comp compou ound ndss are are clas classi sifi fied ed as toxi toxicc with with a possi possibl blee risk risk of irreversible effects on human health. Cadmium and cadmium compounds





Mercury Mercu ry

When inorganic mercury spreads out in the water, it is transformed to methylated mercury in the bottom sediments. Methylated mercury easily accumulates in living organisms and concentrates through the food chain particularly via fish. Methylated mercury causes chronic damage to the brain. In addit dditio ion, n, hexav exaval alen entt chro chrom mium com compoun pounds ds are toxi oxic for the environment. It is well documented that contaminated wastes can leach from landfills. Incineration results in the generation of fly ash from which chrom chromiu ium m is leac leacha habl ble, e, and and ther theree is wide widespr sprea ead d agree agreeme ment nt amon among g scientists that wastes containing chromium should not be incinerated. Of the more than 315 million computers destined to become obsolete between 1997 and 2004, about 1.2 million pounds of hexavalent chromium will be present. present .







Waste management concepts

5.1 Waste management concepts

The waste hierarchy There are a number of concepts of concepts about waste management, management, which vary in their usage between countries or regions. The waste hierarchy: hierarchy: •

reduce

•

reuse





5.1.1 Resource recovery

A relatively recent idea in waste management has been to treat the waste material as a resource to be exploited, instead of simply a challenge to be managed and disposed of. There are a number of different methods by which which resourc resources es may may be extrac extracted ted from from waste: waste: the materi materials als may may be extr extrac acte ted d and and recy recycl cled ed,, or the the calo calori rifi ficc cont conten entt of the the wast wastee may may be converted to electricity. The proces processs of extrac extractin ting g resour resources ces or value value from from waste waste is variou variously sly referred to as secondary resource recovery, recycling, and other terms. The practice of treating waste materials as a resource is becoming more common, especially in metropolitan areas where space for new landfills is becoming scarcer. There is also a growing acknowledgement that simply disposing of waste materials is unsustainable in the long term, as there is a finite supply of most raw materials. Ther Theree are are a numb number er of meth method odss of reco recove veri ring ng reso resourc urces es from from wast wastee mate materi rial als, s, with ith new new tech techno nolo logi gies es and and meth method odss bei being deve develo lope ped d continuously.

5.1.2 Recycling





CONCLUSION

CONCLUSION-

"Electronic products should actually be considered chemical waste products. Their number is increasing and their life life is decreasing. Electronic waste piles are growing, as is their pollution potential. Most of these problems have their source in the development and ddesign of the products concerned." We have the need of “Clean Computers”. So that many companies have shown they can ddesign cleaner products. Industry is making some progress to ddesign cleaner products but we need to move beyond pilot pilot projects and ensure all products are upgradeable and non-toxic.





REFERENCES REFERENCES-

•

www.go www. goo ogle gle.co .com m

•

www.enviornment.nsw.gov.au

electronic waste seminar report

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