EI-1541 Can Modification

EI Standard 1541

Performance requirements for protective coating systems used in aviation fuel storage tanks and piping

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PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING EI STANDARD 1541 FIrst edition July 2009

Published by ENERGY INSTITUTE, LONDON The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003 Registered charity number 1097899



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Copyright © 2010 by the Energy Institute, London. The Energy Institute is a professional membership body incorporated by Royal Charter 2003. Registered charity number 1097899, England All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced by any means, or transmitted or translated into a machine language without the written permission of the publisher. ISBN 978 0 85293 566 8 Published by the Energy Institute The information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only and while every reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of its contents, the Energy Institute cannot accept any responsibility for any action taken, or not taken, on the basis of this information. The Energy Institute shall not be liable to any person for any loss or damage which may arise from the use of any of the information contained in any of its publications. Further copies can be obtained from: Portland Customer Services, Commerce Way, Whitehall Industrial Estate, Colchester CO2 8HP, UK. t: +44 (0)1206 796 351 e: [email protected] Electronic access to EI and IP publications is available via our website, www.energyinstpubs.org.uk. Documents can be purchased online as downloadable pdfs or on an annual subscription for single users and companies. For more information, contact the EI Publications Team. e: [email protected]



PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR PROTECTIVE COATING SYSTEMS USED IN AVIATION FUEL STORAGE TANKS AND PIPING

CONTENTS Page Legal notices and disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1

Introduction and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.3 Retroactivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Determination of the effect of the coating on aviation fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1 Requirements of an internationally recognised specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2 Additional requirements for determining the coating effect on the aviation fuel . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2.1 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2.2 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Additional properties required of a coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4 Selection, preparation, application and inspection of the coating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Annex A Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Annex B Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tables: Table 1 Test fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

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LEGAL NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS This publication has been prepared by the EI Aviation Committee. The information contained in this publication is provided as guidance only, and although every effort has been made by the EI to assure the accuracy and reliability of its contents, the EI MAKES NO GUARANTEE THAT THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS COMPLETE OR ERROR-FREE. ANY PERSON OR ENTITY MAKING ANY USE OF THE INFORMATION HEREIN DOES SO AT HIS/HER/ITS OWN RISK. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE INFORMATION HEREIN IS PROVIDED WITHOUT, AND THE EI HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS, ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE EI BE LIABLE TO ANY PERSON, OR ENTITY USING OR RECEIVING THE INFORMATION HEREIN FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, INDIRECT OR SPECIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS), REGARDLESS OF THE BASIS OF SUCH LIABILITY, AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THE EI HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES OR IF SUCH DAMAGES COULD HAVE BEEN FORESEEN. The contents of this publication are not intended or designed to define or create legal rights or obligations, or set a legal standard of care. The EI is not undertaking to meet the duties of manufacturers, purchasers, users and/or employers to warn and equip their employees and others concerning safety risks and precautions, nor the EI undertaking any of the duties of manufacturers, purchasers, users and/or employers under local and regional laws and regulations. This information should not be used without first securing competent advice with respect to its suitability for any general or specific application, and all entities have an independent obligation to ascertain that their actions and practices are appropriate and suitable for each particular situation and to consult all applicable federal, state and local laws. THE EI HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY OR RESPONSIBILITY FOR LOSS OR DAMAGE RESULTING FROM THE VIOLATION OF ANY LOCAL OR REGIONAL LAWS OR REGULATIONS WITH WHICH THIS PUBLICATION MAY CONFLICT. Nothing contained in any the EI publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. No reference made in this publication to any specific product or service constitutes or implies an endorsement, recommendation, or warranty thereof by the EI. THE EI, AND ITS AFFILIATES, REPRESENTATIVES, CONSULTANTS, AND CONTRACTORS AND THEIR RESPECTIVE PARENTS, SUBSIDIARIES, AFFILIATES, CONSULTANTS, OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, REPRESENTATIVES, AND MEMBERS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WHATSOEVER FOR, AND SHALL BE HELD HARMLESS AGAINST, ANY LIABILITY FOR ANY INJURIES, LOSSES OR DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, TO PERSONS, INCLUDING PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH, OR PROPERTY RESULTING IN WHOLE OR IN PART, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, FROM ACCEPTANCE, USE OR COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION.

IV This document is issued with a single user licence to the EI registered subscriber: [email protected]



FOREWORD This publication has been prepared by the EI Aviation Committee. It is intended to provide guidance on performance requirements for protective coating systems that may be used in aviation fuel storage tanks and piping. Users of this publication shall be aware that due consideration shall be given to the effect of any unusual or abnormal circumstance, on which it is not possible to generalise within the scope of this publication. Specialist advice shall be sought in these cases. In addition, in some areas local or national statutory regulations also apply (e.g. German Institute of Building Technology requirement for tank coatings which result in a grey colour). This publication is intended to be complementary to these established controls and practices. The EI is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers to warn and equip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking their obligations under local and regional laws and regulations. Nothing contained in any EI publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither shall anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This publication is intended to assist those involved in the storage of aviation fuel. Every effort has been made by the EI to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained herein; however, the EI makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaim any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any local or regional laws or regulations with which this publication may conflict. Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Technical Department, Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1G 7AR (e: [email protected]).

V This document is issued with a single user licence to the EI registered subscriber: [email protected]



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preparation of this publication was undertaken by Mr. J. Thurston, Air BP, with input from technical representatives of the following companies: Air BP Limited Air TOTAL International AFS Aviation Fuel Services GmbH Chevron ConocoPhillips ExxonMobil Aviation International Ltd. ExxonMobil Fuels Marketing Company ExxonMobil Research & Engineering International Paint Ltd Kuwait Petroleum International Aviation Company Ltd. Marathon Petroleum Company LLC Shell Aviation Ltd. Shell Global Solutions Shell Oil Products

VI This document is issued with a single user licence to the EI registered subscriber: [email protected]



1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1.1

INTRODUCTION

The use of protective coating systems for the coating of interior metal1 surfaces of aviation fuel (jet fuel and aviation gasoline) storage tanks and piping is an important tool in the prevention of corrosion on these metal surfaces, to ensure the integrity of containment as well as protecting aviation fuel from contamination by rust during storage and distribution. There are many issues to consider when planning to use a protective coating system such as: −− determination of the effect of the coating on the aviation fuel; −− determination of the effect of aviation fuel on the coating; −− selection of the appropriate coating system; −− surface preparation, and −− correct application.

1.2

SCOPE This publication is intended to apply to: −− −− −−

1.3

erformance requirements for protective coating systems; p coating manufacturer’s test procedures, and coatings used on aviation fuel storage tanks and piping.

RETROACTIVITY The provisions of this standard are intended for application to new storage tanks and piping or existing storage tanks that are undergoing coating replacement.

1It

should be noted that the use of stainless steel or aluminium may preclude the need for the use of a protective coating.

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2 DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF THE COATING ON AVIATION FUEL 2.1

REQUIREMENTS OF AN INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED SPECIFICATION When a protective coating is used to line the interior surface of storage tanks and/or piping, the coating shall not have an effect on the aviation fuel. To determine this, the coating material shall meet the requirements of one of the internationally recognised specifications listed below and in addition the requirements described in 2.2 of this standard: UK Ministry of Defence Standard DEF STAN 80-97 Paint, system, for the interior of bulk fuel tank and fittings, two pack USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-4556 Performance specification - Coating kit, epoxy, for interior of steel fuel tanks USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-23236 Performance specification - Paint coating systems, fuel and salt water ballast tanks

2.2

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR DETERMINING THE COATING EFFECT ON THE AVIATION FUEL For coatings that are qualified to DEF STAN 80-97, MIL-PRF-23236 and MIL-PRF-4556 additional determination of the effect of the coating material on the aviation fuel and the effect of sea water on the coating shall be obtained by undertaking the laboratory testing described in 2.2.1. Only if the results of the coating testing are acceptable, as described in 2.2.2, should the system be considered acceptable for use as a coating in aviation fuel service.

2.2.1

Procedure

2.2.1.1

Properly prepare and apply the coating material under test to six steel Test Pieces, each measuring 115 mm (± 5 mm) x 25 mm (± 5 mm) x 3 mm (± 1 mm) in accordance with the coating manufacturer’s instructions.

2.2.1.2

Store one Test Piece in a sealed opaque container.

2.2.1.3

Obtain test fluids as described in Table 1. Test fluids shall be stored in sealed approximately 5 litre epoxy coated metal (as described in ASTM D 4306) or uncoated stainless steel containers.

2.2.1.4

Measure the Existent Gum, by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of Test Fluid A.

2.2.1.5

Measure the Existent Gum (mg/100 ml) by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of Test Fluid B.




2.2.1.6

Measure the electrical conductivity by IP 274/ASTM D 2624 of Test Fluid B.

2.2.1.7

Measure the JFTOT breakpoint (highest temperature divisible by 5°C with a visual tube rating <3 and pressure drop less than 25 mm of Hg) of Test Fluid B. Note that a jet fuel having stable JFTOT performance must be used for this testing or the coating will appear to fail in 2.2.2.5. It is not permitted to compensate the results in 2.2.2.5 for unstable jet fuel.

2.2.1.8

Prepare at room temperature, five wide mouth Borosilicate Glass (as described in ASTM D 4306) jars or stainless steel containers. Fill two with Test Fluid A, two with Test Fluid B and one with Test Fluid C. Details of the Test Fluids and the required volume of each, are given in Table 1. Table 1 Test fluids Test Fluid

Description

Volume

A

70/30 (v/v) iso-octane/toluene mixture

100 ml

B

Jet Fuel meeting ASTM D 1655 or DEF STAN 91-91 latest revisions without static dissipater additive with a conductivity (measured by ASTM D 2624 or IP 274) of less than 10 pS/m

1L

C*

Synthetic seawater meeting ASTM D 1141 containing Stock Solution Nos. 1 and 2, but not 3.

100 ml

*The testing of a coating in Test Fluid C is not required if the coating has been qualified to DEF STAN 80-97. 2.2.1.9

Completely immerse one Test Piece in each of the five containers of test fluid. Seal each container.

2.2.1.10 Store the five containers at room temperature in a location where they will not be disturbed for a period of 30 days. 2.2.1.11 Test Fluid A: measure Existent Gum, by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of the fluid in each container. 2.2.1.12 Test Fluid B: 2.2.1.12.1 Measure Existent Gum (mg/100 ml) by IP 540/ASTM D 381 of the fluid for each of the two containers. 2.2.1.12.2 Measure corrosiveness to copper by IP 154/ASTM D 130 (Corrosion Copper Strip - 2 h @ 100 °C) of the fluid in each of the two containers. 2.2.1.12.3 Measure for electrical conductivity by IP 274/ASTM D 2624 of the fluid in each of the two containers. 2.2.1.12.4 Measure the oxidative thermal stability by IP 323/ASTM D 3241 of the test fluid in each of the two containers at the test temperature of 5 °C less than the breakpoint measured in 2.2.1.7.




2.2.1.13 Test Fluid C: remove, rinse with petroleum, dry and visually inspect the test piece. 2.2.2

Results

2.2.2.1

The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers from step 2.2.1.12.3 shall be compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.6. These results shall be considered acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared with the result obtained in 2.2.1.6.

2.2.2.2

The results obtained from the two Test Fluid A containers from step 2.2.1.11 shall be compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.4. These results shall be considered acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared to the result obtained in 2.2.1.4.

2.2.2.3

The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.1 shall be compared with the result obtained in step 2.2.1.5. These results shall be considered acceptable if both results are within the repeatability of the test method as compared to the result obtained in 2.2.1.5.

2.2.2.4

The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.2 shall be considered acceptable if both results are within the limits prescribed in the relevant jet fuel specification (either ASTM D 1655 or DEF STAN 91-91).

2.2.2.5

The results obtained from the two Test Fluid B containers in step 2.2.1.12.4 shall be considered acceptable if both tests give VTR <3 and pressure drop less than 25 mm.

2.2.2.6

The results obtained from the inspection of the Test Piece from the one Test Fluid C container from step 2.2.1.13 shall be considered acceptable if the Test Piece appears essentially identical to the control sample in step 2.2.1.2.




3 ADDITIONAL PROPERTIES REQUIRED OF A COATING 3.1

Coatings used in aviation fuel service shall have a white or light colour to assist in routine inspection of the storage tank and shall have a smooth surface to promote drainage.

3.2

Coatings used to line the interior of piping used in aviation fuel service shall pass a lining burn back test as prescribed in 3.2.1 to 3.2.2.

3.2.1

Two sample plates, of dimensions 200 ±5 mm x 150 ±5 mm x 6 ±2 mm, shall be coated on one side only, then each shall be bevelled along one 150 mm edge to an angle of 45 degrees. The plates shall then be arc welded together along the length of the bevelled edge forming a butt weld.

3.2.2

After welding in accordance with 3.2.1 the piece shall be visually inspected. To be considered an acceptable result there shall be no visual sign of the coating having burned off, peeled or removed in any other way for a distance greater than 20 mm from the extremities of the weld. There should be minimal loss of adhesion in the adjoining coating and coating discoloration should not be widespread. Any discoloration of the coating should be reported.




4 SELECTION, PREPARATION, APPLICATION AND INSPECTION OF THE COATING The selection of an appropriate coating system, the preparation of the surface to be coated, coating application, and inspection of the coating after application are essential steps to ensure the coating will prevent corrosion of the metal surface, prevent contamination of aviation fuel, promote water removal by being smooth and be long lasting. Additional information on applying coatings can be found in: −− −−

PI RP 652 Lining of above ground petroleum storage tank bottoms A UK MOD Defence Works Functional Standard Spec. 032 Internal coating of aviation fuel storage tanks

The purchaser of the coating should advise the coating manufacturer of the aviation fuels including any fuel additives that will come in contact with the coating. The coating manufacturer shall then confirm in writing that the coating supplied is fit-for-service and that it meets the requirements set out in sections 2 and 3 of this standard. The purchaser of the coating material shall adhere to the coating manufacturer’s recommendations for surface preparation, application, and thickness, number of applications and inspection of the coating.




ANNEX A BIBLIOGRAPHY API RP 652 Lining of above ground petroleum storage tank bottoms ASTM D 130 Standard test method for corrosiveness to copper from petroleum products by copper strip test ASTM D 1141 Standard practice for the preparation of substitute ocean water ASTM D 1655 Standard specification for aviation turbine fuels ASTM D 2624 Standard test method for electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels ASTM D 3241 Standard test method for thermal oxidation stability of aviation turbine fuels (JFTOT procedure) ASTM D 4306 Standard practice for aviation fuel sample containers for tests affected by trace contamination IP 154 Petroleum products – Corrosiveness to copper – Copper strip test (ISO 2160:1998) IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas turbine fuels – JFTOT method IP 540 Determination of the existent gum content of aviation turbine fuel – Jet evaporation method UK Ministry of Defence Works Functional Standard Spec. 032 Internal coating of aviation fuel storage tanks UK Ministry of Defence Standard 80-97 Paint, system, for the interior of bulk fuel tank and fittings, two packs UK Ministry of Defence Standard 91-91 Turbine fuel, aviation kerosene type, Jet A-1 NATO Code: F35, Joint service designation: AVTUR USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-4556 Performance specification - Coating kit, epoxy, for interior of steel fuel tanks USA Department of Defense MIL-PRF-23236 Performance specification - Paint coating systems, fuel and salt water ballast tanks




ANNEX B ABBREVIATIONS/UNITS The following abbreviations are used in this publication: °C degrees Celsius DEF STAN Defence Standard h hour L litre mg milligram ml millilitre mm millimetre MOD UK Ministry of Defence pS/m picosiemens per metre RP recommended practice v/v volume per volume basis



Global aviation fuel handling publications The Energy Institute is the provider of the following portfolio of equipment standards and operational recommended practices to facilitate the safe and efficient handling of aviation fuel, particularly at airports. They are available for use internationally. The titles include those that were developed jointly with the API. These are available through the EI from either www.energypublishing.org or Portland Customer Services (t: +44 (0)1206 796 351). The two API titles can be obtained from www.global.ihs.com. For further information on the EI aviation fuel handling portfolio please contact [email protected].

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Energy Institute

This publication has been produced as a result of

61 New Cavendish Street

work carried out within the Technical Team of the

London W1G 7AR, UK

Energy Institute (EI), funded by the EI’s Technical Partners. The EI’s Technical Work Programme

t: +44 (0) 20 7467 7100

provides industry with cost effective, value adding

f: +44 (0) 20 7255 1472

knowledge on key current and future issues

e: [email protected]

affecting those operating in the energy sector,

www.energyinst.org

both in the UK and beyond.

ISBN 978 0 85293 566 8

Registered Charity Number 1097899



EI-1541 Can Modification

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