Structure Structure of Modication Diposkan oleh Nay di 19.43
It is composed by ead and Modier. !his structure may enlar"e# choose# chan"e# or e$en describe the ead. %oth the ead and Modier are not al&ays sin"le &ords. !hey may be structures structures &ith &ith more or or less comple'ities. comple'ities. Noun as ead Noun $ery fre(uently can be found as ead of Structure of Modication. !here are $e parts of speech# includin" noun it self# that can modify the noun. )d*ecti$e as Noun Modier )d*ecti$e precedes the noun +ead, constantly e'cept if the ad*ecti$e is not a sin"le &ord but structure. -.".
Modier
ead
ried
chicken
) "reat
calamity
ead ) "ure
$a"ue and shado&
) house
bi""er than I thou"ht
Noun as Noun Modier !his modier also precedes precedes the ead +noun, +noun, constantly constantly.. It can be a possessi$e possessi$e form form or basic form +Noun )d*unct, -.".
/ossessi$e
Noun
0ids
play
) &eeks
holiday
!he &omans
friend
Noun2)d*unct
Noun
%us
station
!hat &oman
doctor
Noun ad*unct is noun that has a function like an ad*ecti$e +to modify noun,. It is al&ays in a sin"ular form# not plural form. -.".
%ook shops +not %ooks Shop,
Noun as Noun Modier can be from appositi$e &ords. !he position still keeps precedin" the ead. )ppositi$e form ne$er follo&s the ead. -.".
Noun
)ppositi$e
My ncle
5akki
!he disease
in6uen7a
!he 8i$er
an""a
:erb as Noun Modier It can be from /resent /articiple +:2In",# /ast /articiple +:2ed,# or to2inniti$e. !hese $erb positions may precede or follo& the ead if they are parts of lar"er structures# thou"h there are many e'ceptions to both these "enerali7ations but to2 inniti$es al&ays follo& the noun2ead. -.".
:erb
Noun
8unnin"
&ater
%aked
potatoes
Noun
:erb
;ater
runnin" in the street
/otatoes
baked slo&ly
Money
to buy
!he man
to see
Since $erbs in +2in",# Nouns in +2in",# and )d*ecti$e in +2in", can all modify nouns and all appear in the position bet&een noun determiners and noun# ambi"uity is a stron" possibility to such cases. -.".
+1, ) pleasin" table +<, ) dinin" table +3, ) rottin" table
/leasin" in the e'ample +1, is an ad*ecti$e because a (ualier like $ery can precede it# and the phrase means a table that is pleasin". 8ottin" in the e'ample +<, is a $erb because it cannot be preceded by a (ualier $ery &hile it also does not ha$e a meanin" a table for rottin". Dinin" in the e'ample +3, is noun because it has a meanin" a table for dinin" )d$erb as Noun Modier )d$erb is rarely functioned as noun modier. !he position is al&ays directly after noun +ead,. -.".
ead
Modier
!he temperature
inside
ea$ens
abo$e
!he con$ersations
after&ards
!he (uestions
belo&
/repositional /hrases +unctional ;ords, as Noun Modier /repositional phrases consist of preposition and its ob*ect. !he preposition can be in a simple# compound or phrasal form. e.".
Simple /repositions
)fter
=ompound )cross rom
)s
)lon" &ith
)"ainst
alon" side of
/hrasal /repositions In re"ard to %y means of >b*ect of preposition usually is a noun. Sometimes it also cam be pronoun# or structure of modication &ith noun as the ead. -.".
)bo$e suspicion +Noun, %ecause of that +pronoun, In actual practice +Structure of modication,
:erb as ead
:erb has a function repeatedly as ead )d$erb as :erb Modier )ll of the ad$erb kinds can modify the $erb. !he position may be after or before $erb? or bet&een the $erb au'iliaries. -.".
)fter $erb e &orks successfully
e dri$es rapidly
%efore the $erb e successfully tried e slo&ly dro$e
e is mo$in" ahead e &as lookin" side&ise
%et&een )u'iliary2:erb
e can s&im back&ard
e has sometimes seen
e has looked e$ery&here
e has seldom been heard
e stepped inside
It may e$en rain
Since particular ad$erb can also modify the noun# it is often be ambi"uous.
-.". =hildren ha$e no&adays many kinds of toys
In this sentence# the &ord no&adays can modify the &ord children# or it may modify the &ord ha$e. Noun as :erb Modier Se$eral particular nouns can be $erb modier. !he position is after $erb and this noun has a noun determiner because noun after $erb also can be an ob*ect of $erb. If the noun can be chan"ed by it or them# the noun must be an ob*ect not modier. -.".
Structure of Modication
Structure of =omplementation
+Noun as :erb Modier,
+Noun as !he >b*ect,
e &alked this &ay
e likes his o&n &ay
e sa& a mile
e measured a mile
)d*ecti$e as :erb Modier !here are some kinds of ad*ecti$e that ha$e purpose to modify a $erb and "i$e a special e'pression.
-.". !he machine ran true !he do" &ent cra7y !he sho& fell 6at !he same $erb can be follo&ed by ad*ecti$e if they are intransiti$e $erb. :erb as :erb Modier Some structure of Modication &ith $erb as the ead can be follo&ed by another $erb as modier. !he $erb modier can be present participle or inniti$e form. -.". !he children came runnin" e li$es to eat In some cases# it can be found an ambi"uity bet&een $erb as modier and $erb as ob*ect. -.".
)s modier
e &orks to succeed
)s >b*ect e &ants to succeed
:erb as >b*ect can be chan"ed by it &hile $erb as modier cannot be chan"ed by it. o&e$er# some structure of modication may ha$e $erb &hich can be both modier and ob*ect. -.".
e lo$es to li$e e studies to succeed
/repositional /hrases as :erb Modier It is fre(uent for the prepositional phrases to modify the $erb. -.".
+e, spoke about his &ork +e, came rapidly do&n the street on a bicycle
)d*ecti$e as ead )d*ecti$e that habitually modify noun or $erb also become the ead of structure of modication. @ualier as )d*ecti$e Modier !he &ord that is mostly used as modier of )d*ecti$e is @ualier such as $ery# rather# pretty# etc. -.". She is $ery pretty
!he sound &as loud enou"h )d$erb as )d*ecti$e Modier )d$erb that can modify the ad*ecti$e is ad$erb that is ended by A2lyB -.". !he &idely famous +sin"er, If ad*ecti$e comes after the linkin" $erb# ad$erb does not modify the ad*ecti$e anymore. !he function is as the modier of the structure of complementation. -.".
!he house seems clean e$ery&here
Noun as )d*ecti$e Modier In some special e'pression# noun can modify the ad*ecti$e. -.".
Stone cold +coCee, Sea "reen
+cloth,
:erb as )d*ecti$e Modier )d*ecti$e can be modied by the $erb in present participle form +2in", that usually precedes the ad*ecti$e# or by to2inniti$e that follo&s ad*ecti$e -.". free7in" cold
hard to say
boilin" hot
"ood to see
)d*ecti$e as )d*ecti$e Modier or special e'pression# ad*ecti$e can modify the other ad*ecti$e -.". Icy cold
dark blue
deathly pale
/repositional /hrases as )d*ecti$e Modier !he position of the prepositional phrases as ad*ecti$e modier is after the ad*ecti$e -.". easy on the eyes
"ood for nothin"
stron"er than e$er
)d$erb as ead !here are four class &ords that can modify the ad$erb @ualiers as )d$erb Modier -.".
$ery easily
)d$erbs as )d$erb Modier
rather slo&ly
happily enou"h
-.".
far a&ay
sometimes belo&
Noun as )d$erb Modier -.".
a meter a&ay
some &ay up
/repositional /hrases as )d$erb Modier -.".
a&ay for a &eek
behind in his &ork
outside in the cold
unction ;ord as ead unctional &ord can form a structure of modication by usin" (ualier as modier. -.".
$ery much more +easily,
ead
8ather too +stron",
ead
Not (uite +&ell,
ead
/repositions as ead /reposition can be a ead of Structure of Modication. Modier of preposition is (ualiers# ad$erbs# or particular nouns. -.".
$ery like +a &hale,
almost beneath +notice,
)d$erb that follo&s the prepositional phrases becomes the modier of prepositional phrases# &hile ad$erb that precedes the prepositional phrases becomes the modier of the preposition only.
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