Eco Final Project (1)

INTRODUCTION:The founding of Human Development Index are Amartya Sen , Mahbub ul Haq and Meghnad Desai. In the human development index development is considered as the condition that enlarges people’s choice to enjoy long , healthy and creative life. The HDI, in contrast to GNI/ GDP , reflects the average achievements of a country along the three dimensions of human development: longevity, educational attainment and command over resources needed for a decent life. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) incorporated HDI in its Human Development Report to GNI for measuring the relative socio- economic progress of nations. It enables people and their governments to evaluate progress over time and to determine priorities for policy formulation and implementation. It also helps to compare the experiences of different countries.

MEANING:The HDI is a summary measure of human development. It measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development . They are: 1. A long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth. 2. Knowledge, as measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling. 3. A decent standard of living, as measured by GNI per capita in purchasing power purity in terms of US dollars (PPP US $).

MEASUREMENT OF HDI:The HDI measured by calculating three indices with respect to three dimensions of human development. They are:1. The life expectancy index 2. The education index 3. The GNI index

INDIA’S HDI AND ITS COMPONENTS No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Components Life expectancy at birth (years) Mean years of schooling (years) Expected years of schooling (years) GNI per capita (PPP US $) HDI value

Value in 2013 66.4 4.4 11.7 5150 0.586

CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTRIES BASIS OF HDI: Very High Human Development Group:Countries with HDI value above 0.8 are considered to have very high human development.

 High Human Development Group:Countries with HDI value of 0.7 to 0.8 are considered to have high human development.

 Medium Human Development Group:Countries in the HDI range of 0.5 to 0.7 are grouped in this category.

 Low Human Development Group:Countries in the HDI range less than 0.5 are grouped in this category.

TRENDS IN INDIA’S HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX:The maximum value of HDI is one, which no country has succeeded in achieving it. In the HDI report 2014, Norway ranks first with HDI value of 0.944 . According to this report, India ranks 135 out of 187 countries in terms of UNDPs Human development index for 2014. India is classified in the group of medium human development with an HDI of 0.586. India’s HDI rank reflects medium achievement in the level of human development. India’s HDI has improved from 0.369 in 1980 to 0.483 in 2000 and further to 0.586 in 2013. YEAR 1980

HDI VALUE 0.369

1990 0.431 2000 0.483 2005 0.527 2008 0.554 2010 0.570 2011 0.581 2012 0.583 2013 0.586 India’s overall performance in human development has a mixed one in the last decade. India has done better in terms of per capita income. There was also substantial improvement in the literacy rates leading to a decline in the absolute number of illiterates.

However, improvements in India in health indicators like life expectancy and infant mortality rates have been much slower than expected.

Further there is widespread under nutrition among women and children.

INDIA’S COMPARTIVE POSITION IN HDI:India’s comparative position in HDI is shown in Table. India ranks 135th out of 187 countries with HDI value of 0.586 in 2013. India’s ranking in terms of HDI countries to be low compared to even some countries in our region especially China and Sri Lanka.

HDI VALUE AND RANK OF SELECTED COUNTRIES IN 2013:COUNTRY Norway US Sri Lanka China India Bangladesh Pakistan

HDI RANK 1 5 73 91 135 142 146

HDI VALUE 0.944 0.914 0.750 0.719 0.586 0.558 0.537

LIMITATIONS OF HDI: Not a comprehensive measure:-

The HDI is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development. It does not include important indicators such as respect for human rights, democracy and inequality. But, it provide a broad view of human development.

 Conceal wide disparities:All three dimension measures of human development are averages. This conceals wide disparities in the overall population. Different social groups have different life expectancies.

 HDI captures only a few of people’s choices:The HDI index captures a few of people’s choices and leaves out many that people value highly such as economic, social and political freedom and protection

against violence, insecurity, discrimination.

 Measures relative human development:The HDI relative rather than absolute human development. Thus if all countries improve their HDI value at the same rate, the ranking of all the countries in HDI will not change. Thus the low human development countries will not get recognition for their development.

REFRENCE:-MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS-II S.Y.B.M.S SEMESTER-III (MANAN PRAKASHAN) AND GOOGLE: www. Human development index.com.