Project Report On
“Eating Habits of the Young Generation”
Submitted to: Mr. B.B.Singla Lecturer
Submitted by: Ms.Charanleen Kaur Roll No. 5843 MBA II (B)
SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES
PUNJABI UNIVERSITY PATIALA
CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF LITERATURE CHAPTER 3 – SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3.1 Significance of the Study 3.2 Objectives of the Study CHAPTER 4 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Research Design 4.2 Sampling Design 4.2.1 Universe 4.2.2 Sample Size 4.3 Data Collection 4.3.1 Primary Sources 4.3.2 Secondary Sources 4.4 Statistical Tools used CHAPTER 5 - DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Demographic Analysis of the data 5.2 Analysis of the determinants of eating habits 5.3 Findings of the Study 5.4 Limitations of the study 5.5 Recommendations and Suggestions 5.6 Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURE
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PUNJABI UNIVERSITY PATIALA
CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT CHAPTER 2 - REVIEW OF LITERATURE CHAPTER 3 – SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3.1 Significance of the Study 3.2 Objectives of the Study CHAPTER 4 - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Research Design 4.2 Sampling Design 4.2.1 Universe 4.2.2 Sample Size 4.3 Data Collection 4.3.1 Primary Sources 4.3.2 Secondary Sources 4.4 Statistical Tools used CHAPTER 5 - DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 5.1 Demographic Analysis of the data 5.2 Analysis of the determinants of eating habits 5.3 Findings of the Study 5.4 Limitations of the study 5.5 Recommendations and Suggestions 5.6 Conclusion BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXURE
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LIST OF O F TABLES TABLES AND CHARTS Chart No. Title of chart
Page
Chart 4.1 Chart 4.2 Chart 4.3 Chart 4.4 Chart 4.5 Chart 4.6 Chart 4.7 Chart 4.8 Chart 4.9 Chart 4.10 Chart 4.11 Chart 4.12 Chart Chart 4.13 Chart 4.14
14 15 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21
Concern about Food Nutritional Value Fast Food Consumption Fast Food Liking Knowledge about Junk Food Skipping Meals Punctuality in Taking Meals Consumption of fruits/fresh juice Exercising Habits Media influence on choice of food items Dependendance for choice of food items Eating together as a family Gaps in Meals ‘Wate ‘W ater’ r’ an essent essential ial elemen elementt of diet diet Checking the product while purchasing Percentage of respondents suffering from health problems
Chart 4.15 Chart 4.16
Types of Health Problems
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Establishing sensible eating habits from young is essential in shaping food preferences later in life. An adequate diet is essential for child and adolescent growth but exactly how much an individual needs varies with size and build, growth rate and level of physical activity. For any person to remain healthy and avert acquiring any diseases, it is extremely important for the person to develop a proper eating habit. It is only when a person controls his diet and watches the food and drinks which go into the body that he would be able to protect him from any of the diseases. Without maintaining a healthy eating habit, it is only a matter of time before one falls sick or develops serious medical life-threatening complications. In healthy eating lies the key to acquiring a healthy body and a healthy mind. A project is undertaken to find out the eating habits of the young generation and to know how concerned they are regarding the food quality they choose to eat. Also the project will study the effect of poor eating habits on the health of the young generation. The study will be conducted in various departments of Punjabi University, Patiala and the age of the respondents will vary from 19 to 24 years. Both primary and secondary sources will be used for data collection. The research will be an exploratory one as it involves exploring the idea of Eating habits of the Young Generation.
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Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT Establishing sensible eating habits from young is essential in shaping food preferences later in life. For any person to remain healthy and avert acquiring any diseases, it is extremely important for the person to develop a proper eating habit. It is only when a person controls his diet and watches the food and drinks which go into the body that he would be able to protect him from any of the diseases. The youngsters now a day are very selective about the food they eat. The age old curries and sukkas or Idlis and dosas are out of their preference, even though they have been brainwashed right through about their good health effects. The varieties of meat products, pizzas, cheese alike are attracting their taste buds. Buying pre-cooked items is a trend that is slowly on the increase. With busy schedules, meal times too have become irregular. And when pangs of hunger strike, it is easier to pick up ready-to-eat snacks rather than prepare a hot meal. The market is constantly flooded with new food products, which are promoted attractively and this has greatly influenced the food habits of the youngsters. Eating out has become the order of life. Youngsters prefer aerated drinks and fast foods to home made meals. This can be attributed mainly to the appealing advertisements carried out on televisions. Ads on television have had a marked effect on the choice of food items, especially among the younger generation. The popular Icons of Sports world and the movie stars campaign for consumables and the younger generation is influenced by these acts of their idols. It reflects the fact that nutritious and well-balanced food is increasingly becoming a rarity and eating a proper meal is not a priority any more for many, who are often hard-pressed for time. Good nourishment is the secret of a healthy and happy life. Without maintaining a healthy eating habit, it is only a matter of time before one falls sick or develops serious medical life-threatening complications. In healthy eating lies the key to acquiring a healthy body and a healthy mind. At different stages of a person's life, the demands of the body, as far as nutrients are concerned, would be different. The health requirements of a growing
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child would certainly be different from that of someone who his of 90 years of age. Thus the age of the person is of prime importance when a proper diet plan is being discussed. Apart from the factor of age, the sex of a person also plays a critical role in healthy eating habits. The nutritional needs of woman are often different from those of a man. But there are some common food health requirements which cut across all sort of groups. A healthy eating habit requires that the people have regular intake of nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, etc. One of the safest sources of all these nutrients is the vegetables. Including varied kinds of vegetables in one's diet would certainly yield good results for the person. Eggs and milk are also quite efficient sources of many of the nutrients mentioned. Healthy food and drinks coupled with regular exercises would put you on to the path of healthy living. Consulting a dietitian is also of the interesting ideas which one could try out. There are all kinds of health issues related to unhealthy eating habits. Diabetes would be the number one health concern due to over consumption of sugar. In addition to this, Obesity, thyroid dysfunction, kidney malfunction, and intestinal problems can all be directly associated with too much sugar consumption. Then there are ill-effects of too little food consumption. When we do not consume what we need to maintain our health, problems like gum diseases, heart disease, muscle deterioration, vision loss, and anorexia occur.
Moreover once our body reaches the point of unhealthy functioning, it's almost impossible to correct one problem without creating another. Thus to maintain the healthy functioning of the body, a healthy dose of vitamins and minerals is required. If one does not receive these through meals, one may take supplements.
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Chapter 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE Various studies found that establishing healthy eating habits among the young generation is extremely important.
Iwanicka B, Borzecki A. (2004), examined that Good eating habit is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle. It helps prevent civilisation diseases. The BMI and eating plan analysis are useful in individual's nutritional assessment. The aim of the study was to assess nutritional status and eating habits in young adults. An average BMI was 23.63 kg/ m2 in the interviewed men, and 20.6 kg/m2 in women. Caloric value of the daily eating plans was average: in men 2943 kcal, in women 2272 kcal. Four people were on diets, but none of BMI over 25 kg/m2. There were no people suffering from food allergies or gastrointestinal diseases. Only one male did sports (weight-lifting) regularly. The majority of the students ate at lunchtime at the university cafeteria or prepared meals themselves. The eating plans varied very much: the majority was based on the Eating Guide Pyramid and consisted of three balanced meals during the day-time; there were also single cases where students stuck to eating h igh-calorie meals at night-time mostly.
Gacek M. (2010), analyzed certain lifestyle parameters and health condition indices among people with traditional and vegetarian models of eating. The research conducted shows that vegetarians present a higher level of caring about their health, which is expressed on a scale of pro-health behaviors, than people with traditional model of eating. A higher percentage of them take up physical activity in their free time (80% vs. 70%), additionally, they more seldom drink alcohol and smoke cigarettes. Alcohol abstinence is declared by 75% of vegans, 25% of lacto-ovo vegetarians and only 8% of people with traditional model of eating. Tobacco non-smoking is declared by 94% of vegans, 74% of lacto-ovo vegetarians and 67% of traditional eating people. It has also been shown that some psychosomatic health indices, especially concerning digestive duct/system, remain varied in regard to the model of eating followed. The research has proven that vegetarian model of eating influences other--non-eating--pro-health behaviors and in this way it shapes healthy lifestyle of research subjects.
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Huang CJ. et al. (2010), investigated the associations of breakfast skipping with obesity and health-related quality of life (QOL). We also tested the hypothesis that there is a dose-dependent relationship between frequency of breakfast consumption and prevalence of obesity. This cross-section study used a national representative sample (n=15 340) from the 2005 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. Breakfast skippers were defined as those who ate breakfast about once a week or less often and those who never ate breakfast. Individuals were classified as 'obese' if their body mass index was >or=27. Health-related QOL was assessed using the Medical Outcome Studies 36-Item ShortForm (SF-36) Health Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio of obesity and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in breakfast skippers compared with breakfast eaters. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to adjust all risk estimates for covariates. The findings from this study add support to the p otential role of breakfast eating in obesity prevention.
Deshpande S. et al. (2009), examined that poor eating habits are an important public health issue that has large health and economic implications. Many food preferences are established early, but because people make more and more independent eating decisions as they move through adolescence, the transition to independent living during the university days is an important event. To study the phenomenon of food selection, the heath belief model was applied to predict the likelihood of healthy eating among university students. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the validity of the health belief model (HBM) among 194 students, followed by gender-based analyses. The data strongly supported the HBM. Social change campaign implications are discussed.
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Salvy S J. et al (2010), compared the effects of mothers and friends on children's and adolescents' energy intake from sandwiches and from healthy and unhealthy snacks and dessert foods. Twenty-three children (ages 5-7 y) and 27 adolescents (ages 13-15 y) ate a meal with their mother on one occasion and with a same-sex friend on another occasion. Male and female children consumed less energy from unhealthy snacks when in the presence of their mothers than when in the company of their friends. Conversely, female adolescents consumed less energy from unhealthy snacks and more energy from healthy snacks when they were with their friends than when with their mothers. It was concluded that food selection is differentially influenced by the source of social influence and the age and sex of the child. Parents may act as an inhibitory influence on unhealthy eating for younger children. Adolescent girls may try to convey a good impression of healthy eating when eating with same-sex friends, but the eating habits of teenage boys are not as influenced by the social context.
Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010), conducted a cross sectional study of obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia. : A total of 357 male students aged 18-24 years were randomly chosen from College of Health Sciences at Rass, Qassim University, KSA for the present study. A Self-reported questionnaire about the students' eating habits was conducted, and their body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF%), and visceral fat level (VFL) were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, and the Chi-square test was conducted for variables. The data indicated that 21.8% of the students were overweight and 15.7% were obese. The total body fat exceeded its normal limits in 55.2% of the participants and VFL was high in 21.8% of them. The most common eating habits encountered were eating with family, having two meals per day including breakfast, together with frequent snacks and fried food consumption. Vegetables and fruits, except dates, were not frequently consumed by most students. Statistically, significant direct correlations were found among BMI, BF% and VFL (P < 0.001). Both BMI and VFL had significant inverse correlation with the frequency of eating with family (P = 0.005 and 0.007 respectively). Similar correlations were also found between BMI and snacks consumption rate (P = 0.018), as well as, between VFL and the frequency of eating dates (P = 0.013). The findings suggest the need for strategies and coordinated efforts at all levels to reduce the tendency of 9
overweight, obesity and elevated body fat, and to promote healthy eating habits in our youth.
Chapter 3 10
SIGNIFICANCE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3.1 Significance of the study This project will bring out the regarding the current eating habits of the young generation and also the effects of the poor eating habits of the young generation on their health. As a healthy mind stays in a healthy body, it is very important to provide proper knowledge of good eating habits to the youth as they are the pillars of our country’s future. Therefore the study will point out what shortcomings are there in their diet and what eating habits they should follow so as to lead a healthy life.
3.2 Objectives of the study
1. To know the eating habits of the young generation 2.
To find out how much concerned the young generation is regarding the food quality they choose to eat.
3. To study the effect of poor eating habits on the health of the young generation.
Chapter 4 11
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Research Design
R esearch design provides the glue that holds the research project together. A design is used to structure the research, to show how all of the major parts of the research project -the samples or groups, measures, treatments or programs, and methods of assignment -work together to try to address the central research questions. The research design of the study is both exploratory as well as descriptive. The research is exploratory in initial stages to provide background to the study.
4.2 Sampling Design Convenience and Random Sampling Methods were used while choosing samples from the universe. Students in the age group of 19-24 years were chosen as respondents.
4.2.1 Universe: All students of Punjabi University, Patiala. 4.2.2 Sample Size: 100 4.3 Data Collection Both primary and secondary sources were used for data collection.
4.3.1 Primary Sources: Questionnaires were prepared to collect first hand information from students. On the basis of Review of Literature, the researcher identified certain common statements which were relevant. In all, 50 questions were short listed. Out of these, repeated questions were deleted and common ones were clubbed and finally the researcher was left with 20 final questions.
4.3.2 Secondary Sources: These include books, journals and internet. 4.4 Statistical Tools used
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Tools like Mean and Standard Deviation were used for analysis of the data.
Chapter 5 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 13
5.1 Demographic Analysis of the Sample As per the survey it was found that: •
The average age of the respondents was 19-24 years.
•
Out of the total respondents, 59% were males and 41% were females.
•
Maximum respondents were from SMS (School of Management Studies) followed by Law, Punjabi, Economics, Physics, Music and Sports Science department.
5.2 Analysis of Various Determinants of Eating Habits
1. “I am very concerned about the nutritional value of food that I eat”. Do you agree with the statement? Concern about Food Nutritional Value
10% 21%
Strongly Disagree 6% 22%
41%
Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
Chart No. 4.1 Majority of the respondents are very concerned about the nutritional value of food that they eat. This shows that higher concern makes them health conscious and therefore they try to mane better food choices for themselves.
2. How often do you eat fast foods? Fast Food Consumption
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8 %
3 %
2 0 %
T w ic ead a y O n c ead a y 3 4tim e sp e rw e e k
3 5 % 3 4 %
O n c eaw e e k D o n ’t e a ta ta ll
Chart No. 4.2 Majority of the respondents eat fast food either once a week or 3-4 times per week. This shows that consuming fast foods has become a growing trend towards the young generation. However the tendency has not risen to a great extent as only few of the respondents consume such foods regularly.
3. Do you keep snack food (potato chips, cheese puffs, etc) , sweets (cakes, pastries, ice creams) in your house/hostel? Fast Food Liking
5 %
2 7 %
2 4 %
R e g u la r ly S o m e tim e s S p e c ia lO c c a s io n s
1 2 %
R a r e ly 3 2 %
N e v e r
Chart No. 4.3 Majority of the respondents keep snack food items ‘sometimes’ in their house/hostel. However there area almost an equal number of respondents that have chosen the options of ‘regularly’, ‘sometimes’ and ‘rarely’. This shows that the trend of almost all types is present in the eating habits of the young generation.
4. Do you know what actually constitutes junk food?
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Knowledge about Junk Food
2 4 % Y e s N o 7 6 %
Chart No. 4.4 Majority of the respondents are aware of what all constitutes junk food thus highlighting that the youth is quite informative and knowledgeable. Therefore they can choose the diet for themselves in a better way and also can protect themselves from misleading advertisements.
5. How often do you miss your breakfast? Skipping Meals
1 8 %
3 1 %
2 3tim e sa D a y O n c aa d a y 2 4 %
5 6tim e sp e rw e e k 2 4tim e sp e rw e e k
2 7 %
Chart No. 4.5 Majority of the respondents do not miss their breakfast at all which is a big positive characteristic of their eating habits. This trend is followed by those respondents who either miss it once a week or 3-4 times a week. Skipping meals can cause many health problems but as very few of the respondents miss their breakfast everyday, we can say that the young generation is on the safer side.
6. Are you punctual in taking your meals?
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Punctuality in Taking Meals
Y e s 5 0 %
5 0 %
N o
Chart No. 4.6 Taking meals at the right time is equally important. Half of the respondents are punctual in taking meals while the remaining half is not. This depicts not a very healthy trend among the young generation and makes them vulnerable to the health problems in the future.
7. How often do you take fruits/fresh juice Consumption of fruits/fresh juice
6 % 4 7 %
2 3tim e r sad a y 3 5 %
O n c ead a y 5 6tim e sp e rw e e k 2 4tim e sp e rw e e k
1 2 %
Chart No. 4.7 Fruits are a necessity in order to maintain a healthy body. Majority of the respondents take fruits 2-3 times per week. It shows that the trend is moving from fruits consumption to fast food consumption, that is, fast foods are replacing fruits. This is an unhealthy diversion.
8. Do you exercise? Exercising habits
17
49%
Y es N o
51%
Chart No. 4.8 Half of the respondents exercise regularly whereas the remaining half does not. This again depicts not a healthy habit.
9. Do the media influence your choice regarding food that you choose to eat? Media Influence on choice of food items
3%
5%
27%
N e v e r Som etim es M oreO ften Alw ays
65%
Chart No. 4.9 Majority of the respondents ‘sometimes’ get influenced by media while choosing food for them. This shows that media does not possess a very strong influence over the young generation. Media does increase the awareness regarding the food items available but the final choice of food are done by checking its nutritional content most of the times.
10. On whom do you depend while deciding the right choice of food for yourself? 18
Dependence for choice of food Items
1 2 %
2 % Y o u rs e ly P a r e n ts F rie n d s
2 6 %
6 0 %
O th e r s
Chart No. 4.10 Majority of the respondents choose the food items for them themselves, that is, the food choice depends upon the youth’s own knowledge, taste and preference. It is followed by those respondents who depend upon their parents for deciding the right choice of food.
11. Do you eat together as a family whenever at home? Eating together as a family
7 % 2 3 % 4 8 %
N e v e r S o m e tim e s M o r eO fte n
2 2 %
A lw a ys
Chart No. 4.11 Eating together as a family develops good eating habits and majority of the respondents always eat together as a family.
12. Do you go very long without eating? Gaps in meals
19
Itrytoe at som ethingev ery thre eho u rs
12% 45% 43%
I oftengo4-5 hou rsw itho ut ea ting Ioftenea t no thing betwe enbreakfast andev en ingm ea ls
Chart No. 4.12 Majority of the respondents go 4-5 hours without eating. This may be due to busy schedules, stress or laziness. Such eating habits can have serious implications on health of the young generation.
13. Is “drinking enough water” part of your daily diet? ‘Water’ an essential element of diet
34 % Y es N o 66%
Chart No. 4.13 Majority of the respondents drink enough water.
14. Do you check the label of the product for ingredients, nutritional value, quality certification marks, etc. while purchasing it?
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Checking the product while purchasing
7 %
2 8 %
N e v e r S o m e tim e s M o r eo fte n 4 8 %
1 7 %
A lw a y s
Chart No. 4.14 Majority of the respondents ‘sometimes’ check the label of the product. This shows that they purchase food products with open eyes rather than depending completely ob advertisements or shopkeepers.
15. Do you suffer from health problems? Percentage of respondents suffering from health problems
3 0 % Y e s N o 7 0 %
Chart No. 4.15
Types of Health Problems
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High/low blood pressure Calcium Deficiency Iron Deficiency 17%
16% Obesity
17%
16%
6%
11%
Gums problems
11% Muscles problems
6%
Vision Issues Others
Chart No. 4.16 Majority of the respondents do not suffer from any kind of health problem which is a very positive element of the study. It depicts that to some extent, the eating habits of the young generation are good and that is why they are free from any kind of health issues. About 30% of the respondents have heath problems like high/low blood pressure, calcium deficiency, iron deficiency, vision issues, muscles problems and gums problems.
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5.3 Major Findings 1. The respondents have concern regarding the nutritional value of food they eat. 2. The respondents have liking towards fast foods however the trend of such foods has not raised to a great extent. The majority of respondents try to keep their fast food consumption limited. 3. Their is a growing trend of keeping fast food items in hostel/house and thus this way these items are replacing fruits intake of respondents. 4. The respondents are quite knowledgeable and informative about what all constitutes junk food and thus do not have an ignorant approach. 5. Majority of the respondents do not skip their meals and those who miss their meals do so because of busy schedules, stress or laziness. 6. Half of the respondents prefer taking meals at the right time everyday. 7. Fruits consumption is not satisfactory. It seems that fast foods consumption is replacing fruits consumption. 8. Half of the respondents do not exercise at all due to busy schedules or laziness or may be because they do not give too much importance to exercising. 9.
Media does not play a strong role in influencing choice of the respondents most of the times.
10. Many of the respondents use their knowledge and experience in making their food choices rather depending upon advertisements. 11. Majority of the respondents depend upon their taste, preference and knowledge while deciding on food items. This shows that parents and friends’ involvement in food selection is on the decline. 12. There is a healthy trend among respondents of eating together as a family. 13. The young generation does not seem to taking food every 3-4 hours. Generally long gaps are kept in meal hours which lead to negative implication son health. 14. Drinking enough water is part of the diet of majority of the respondents. 15. The respondents purchase food items with open eyes, that is, check the quality certification marks, nutritional content, etc. before purchasing the product. 16. A major positive element among the respondents is that majority of them do not suffer from any kind of health problem.
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5.4 Limitations 1. Some of the respondents were not participative in filling the questionnaire, therefore some of the answers may be biased. 2. As a small sample size was chosen, the results may not present the actual scenario. 3. As the respondents chosen were only from Punjabi University, there is lack of comparison between students of different campuses. 4. Due to short span of time and low cost involved in the project, some of the factors may be missing in the study.
5.5 Suggestions 1. Rather than keeping stock of fast food items in house/hostel, a good variety of fruits should be kept. 2. Juices should be preferred to soft drinks/cold drinks. 3. Meals should not be skipped at ant cost 4. Rather than having large quantity of food in one time, meals of smaller quantity should be taken at frequent intervals. 5. Meals should be taken at the right time everyday. 6. A balanced diet should be taken. 7. Deficiency of iron, calcium, etc, can be overcome by supplements of vitamins and minerals. 8. Exercise for at least half an hour should be done everyday. 9. While making choice of food products, their nutritional content should be checked.
5.6 Conclusion The project was undertaken to find out the eating habits of the young generation and to know how concerned they are regarding the food quality they choose to eat. Also the study was done to know study the effect of poor eating habits on the health of the young generation. The study was conducted in various departments of Punjabi University, 24
Patiala like UCOE (University College of Engineering), SMS (School of Management Studies), Punjabi, Physics, Economics, Law, Sports Science, Music, etc. Maximum respondents were from SMS followed by other departments. Students of the age group of 19-24 years were chosen as the sample. Both primary and secondary data sources were used for data collection. Questionnaires were prepared to get first hand information. Each questionnaire consisted of 20 questions. Secondary sources used were books, journals and internet. After doing the analysis of the data, it was found that: •
The young generation has concern for the nutritional value of food.
•
The liking towards fast foods is on the rise.
•
The young generation has almost a clear idea of what constitutes junk food.
•
A good percentage of the respondents do not skip their meals.
•
Laziness, busy schedules, etc. are some of the factors behind skipping meals.
•
Fruits consumption is not satisfactory
•
Not many respondents involve themselves in exercising.
•
The young generation, they choose the food for them most of the times.
•
The influence of media, parents and friends is not strong enough in influencing food choices of the young generation.
•
A good percentage of the young generation keeps big intervals in their meal times.
A major positive element of the study was that majority of the respondents do not suffer from any kind of health problems. A small percentage of the respondents had health issues which are as follows: •
High/Low blood pressure •
•
•
Calcium deficiency Iron deficiency
Obesity •
Gums problems
•
Muscles problems
•
Vision loss issues
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The major limitations of the project were – non participative approach of some respondents, short span of time and low cost involved in the project. Thus the over all scenario of the eating habits of the young generation is an average one. If efforts are not made to overcome the shortcomings in the food eating habits, serious heath complications may take over the young generation in the future.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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1. Iwanicka B, Borzecki A. (2004). “Nutritional assessment and eating habits analysis in young adults”, Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska [Med], Vol. 59(2), pp. 437-40 2. Gacek M. (2010). “Selected lifestyle and health condition indices of adults with varied models of eating”, Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. Vol. 61(1), pp.65-9 3. Huang CJ. et al. (2010). “Associations of breakfast skipping with obesity and health-related quality of life: evidence from a national survey in Taiwan”, Int J Obes (Lond). Vol.34(4), pp.720-5 4.
Deshpande S. et al. (2009). “Factors influencing healthy eating habits among college students: an application of the health belief model”, Health Mark Q. Vol.26(2),pp.145-64
5. Salvy S J. et al (2010). “Influence of parents and friends on children's and adolescents' food intake and food selection”, Am J Clin Nutr. 6. Al-Rethaiaa, Fahmy, Al-Shwaiyat (2010). “Obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study” 7. http://silvyscorner.sulekha.com/blog/post/2007/09/food-habits-of-thisgeneration.htm 8. http://www.ringsurf.com/Arts/People_/ 9. http://www.diethealthclub.com/articles/407/diet-and-wellness/what-poor-eatinghabits-lead-to.html 10. http://ezinearticles.com/?Risk-of-Eating-Unhealthy&id=133755 11. http://health.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1377342.cms 12. http://sitagita.com/healthy-eating/healthy-eating/ 13. http://www.wellsphere.com/healthy-eating-article/do-you-eat-together-as-afamily/22410 14. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16146124 15. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20803902 16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20065977 17. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19408181 18. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048059 19. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20849655
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ANNEXURE Dear Sir/Madam,
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I am an MBA student from the School of Management Studies, Punjabi University and conducting a survey. Kindly spare some of your valuable time to go through the questionnaire and give your view on this topic. The information provided by you would be kept confidential and only be used for carrying out the study. Select by marking a tick (√) against the appropriate option. Name: ……………………………………………. Age: ………………….. Gender:
Male
Female
4. Occupation: …………………………………. 5.
Contact Number: ……………………………….. 6. “I am very concerned about the nutritional value of food that I eat”. Do you agree with the statement? Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
7. How often do you eat fast foods? Twice a day Once a day 3-4 times per week Once a week Don’t eat at all
8. Do you keep snack food (potato chips, cheese puffs, etc) , sweets (cakes, pastries, ice creams) in your house/hostel? Regularly Sometimes Special Occasions Rarely Never
9. Do you know what actually constitutes junk food? YES NO 10. How often do you miss your breakfast? Almost everyday 3-4 times per week Once a week
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Don’t miss at all
11. Are you punctual in taking your meals? No …. Yes …. 12. How often do you take fruits/fresh juice? 2-3 times a day
Once a day
5-6 times per week
2-4 times per week
13. Do you exercise? YES NO If yes, how often? …………………………………… 14. Do the media influence your choice regarding food that you choose to eat? Never
Sometimes
More often
Always
15. On whom do you depend while deciding the right choice of food for yourself? Yourself
Parents
Friends
Any other, please specify …………………………
16. Do you eat together as a family whenever at home? Never
Sometimes
More often
Always
17. Do you go very long without eating? I try to eat something every three hours I often go 4-5 hours without eating I often eat nothing between breakfast and evening meals
18. Is “drinking enough water” part of your daily diet? No …. Yes …. 19. Do you check the label of the product for ingredients, nutritional value, quality certification marks, etc. while purchasing it? Never More often
Sometimes Always
20. Do you suffer from health problems? No …. Yes …. If yes, please tick the following: High/Low blood pressure
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