Designation: E1003 − 13
Standard Practice for
Hydrostatic Leak Testing 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1003; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original origin al adoption or, in the case of revis revision, ion, the year of last revision. revision. A number in paren parenthese thesess indicates the year of last reappr reapproval. oval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Sco Scope pe 1.1 This practice practice covers the testing of components components for leaks by pressurizing them inside with a liquid. 1.2 Thi Thiss pra practic cticee can be use used d on piping, piping, val valves ves,, and containers with welded or fitted sections which can be sealed at their ends and which are designed for internal pressure. 1.3 Bas Basic ic pro proced cedure uress are described described based on the type of inspection used. These procedures should be limited to finding leakage indications of 4.5 × 10 −9 mol/s (1 × 10−4 Std cm3 /s)2 or larger. 1.4 Units— The The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. standa ndard rd does not pur purpor portt to add addre ress ss the saf safety ety 1.5 This sta concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referen Referenced ced Documents Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: 3 E543 Specification E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing E1316 Terminology E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations 2.2 ASNT Documents:4 SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personal QualificaSNT-TC-1A tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing ANSI/ASNT CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel 4 1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.08 Subcommittee E07.08 on on Leak Testing Method. Current Curre nt editio edition n approv approved ed Jan. 15, 2013. Published Published Janua January ry 2013. Originally Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1003 - 05. DOI: 10.1520/E1003-13. 2 The gas temper temperature ature is refere referenced nced to 0°C. To convert convert to another gas refere reference nce temperature, Tref , multiply the leak rate by (Tref + 273)/273. 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. 4 Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
2.3 AIA Standard: 5 NAS-410 Certification NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personnel 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions— For F or de defin finit itio ions ns of te term rmss us used ed in th this is practice, see Terminology E1316 Terminology E1316,, Section E. 4. Summa Summary ry of Practice Practice 4.1 Hydro Hydrostatic static testing requires requires that a compo component nent be completely filled with a liquid, such as water. Pressure is slowly applied to the liquid until the required pressure is reached. This pres pr essu sure re is he held ld fo forr th thee re requ quir ired ed tim timee at wh whic ich h po poin intt th thee component is inspected visually to locate leaks or the pressure on the gauge is recorded to determine the components total leakage. 4.2 The two bas basic ic pro proced cedure uress are des descri cribed bed together together wit with h methodss for improv method improving ing their sensiti sensitivity vity.. Pressuree Dro Drop p Indica Indication— tion— This 4.2.1 Pressur This pro proced cedure ure is use used d primarily to measure total system leakage. Visual Inspe Inspection ction for Leakag Leakage— e— This 4.2.2 Visual This pro proced cedure ure is intended primarily to locate leaks. 4.3 Ultraso Ultrasonic nic pretesting for gross leaks is described. 5. Basis of Applica Application tion 5.1 The fol follow lowing ing items are sub subject ject to con contra tractu ctual al agr agreeeement between the parties using or referencing this practice: 5.2 Personnel Qualification 5.2.1 5.2 .1 If spe specifie cified d in the con contrac tractua tuall agr agreem eement. ent. Per Person sonnel nel performing examinations to this practice shall be qualified in accorda acco rdance nce wit with h a nat nation ionally ally or int intern ernatio ational nally ly rec recogn ognized ized NDT per person sonnel nel qua qualific lificatio ation n pra practic cticee or stan standar dard d suc such h as ANSI/ASNT CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, NAS-410, or similar document and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applica app licable ble.. The pra practic cticee or stan standar dard d use used d and its app applica licable ble revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement. 5.3 Qualification If specified Qualification of Nond Nondestruct estructive ive Agenci Agencies— es— If in the contractual agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified
5 Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org. http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
E1003 − 13 and evaluated as described in Practice E543. The applicable edition of Practice E543 shall be specified in the contractual agreement. 5.4 Re-examination of Repaired/Reworked Items— Reexamination of repaired/reworked items is not addressed in this practice, they shall be specified in the contractual agreement.
8.6 Pressure Pump. 8.7 Liquid Test Media. 8.8 Pressure Hoses and Fittings. 8.9 Protection Chamber for High-Pressure Tests. 9. General Procedures
6. Significance and Use 6.1 This practice is useful for quality control testing and field inspection of piping systems, pipelines, valves, and containers that are expected to retain liquids. It is not sensitive enough for leak testing when toxic or explosive gas is expected to be retained under pressure. 7. Interferences 7.1 The interior and exterior welds and joints where leaks are often found must be free of oil, grease, flux, slag, or other contaminants that might temporarily block or mask leakage. New systems should be tested prior to painting, where practical. 7.2 Hydrostatic testing should not be performed before a leak test using air or a tracer gas. The liquid test media may clog small leaks causing later tests to be inaccurate. 7.3 Test liquid must be equal or above atmosphere temperature or droplets will form on the outside. The minimum temperature of the liquid should be 16°C (61°F). 7.4 If the container to be tested has parts made of stainless steel, nickel, or chromium alloys, the liquid or any additives used must have a sulfur and halogen content of less than 50 ppm of each. If water is used as a test fluid it should be deionized. 7.5 To avoid brittle fracture, the test pressure must not be applied until the metal and the test fluid are approximately the same temperature. The metal should be a minimum of 16°C (61°F) prior to the application of pressure. 7.6 If a test liquid other than water is used, the liquid’s flash point should be 93°C (200°F) or above. 7.7 If plastic parts are used in the test container, the fluid should not promote stress cracking or softening on the plastic. 7.8 When the test container has carbon steel components, a rust inhibitor should be used. 8. Apparatus 8.1 Pressure Gauge— The gauge must be able to withstand normal test pressures and be accurate enough to record small pressure drops. Pressure gauges should be calibrated before each test. The gauge must be accurate to within 1 % of full scale. The gauge must read at least 1.5× but not more than 4× the maximum test pressure to be used. (See Terminology E1316 for a description of terms.) 8.2 Pressure Relief Valve. 8.3 Pressure Alarm. 8.4 Emergency Pressure Shut-Off Valve. 8.5 Trapped Air Vent.
9.1 Openings: 9.1.1 Seal all openings using plugs or covers that can withstand the test pressure and can be completely removed after the test. 9.1.2 The test fluid inlet should be located on the bottom of the test object with the trapped air vent at the highest point. 9.1.3 Components rated at pressures below the test pressure must be isolated. 9.2 Gauges— One or more test gauges must be connected to the system. If more than one gauge is used, one may be a recording gauge. At least one gauge which is used for acceptance of the test shall be calibrated within 30 days prior to use. One indicating gauge must be easily visible to the operator controlling the pressure throughout the pressurizing and testing cycle. 9.3 Pre-Test Inspection: 9.3.1 Before pressurizing is begun, inspect the outside of the test object to verify that it is dry and all welds and connectors are exposed if a visual inspection is to be conducted. 9.3.2 Securely brace critical areas that may not be able to withstand the weight. 9.4 Pressurizing— Gradually increase the pressure in the system to 50 % of test pressure and make an initial check for leakage. Thereafter slowly increase the pressure to the final test pressure. The test pressure usually is between 75 % and 150 % of the operating design pressure. 9.5 Leak Test: 9.5.1 At the completion of test pressure holding time, examine the system for leakage. Examination for leakage shall be made of all accessible joints and connections, attachment welds where practical, and weep holes for paddings and attachments. Also inspect the area around inaccessible leakage sites. 9.5.2 The inspector shall circle all accessible leaks found on the equipment using a nondeleterious marker. The magnitude of leak shall be described in terms of: damp or moist area, drops per minute or steady stream. 9.6 Depressurizing— After inspection release the pressure slowly. The air vents need to be opened during draining to admit air and prevent collapsing of the test system. 10. Pressure Drop Method 10.1 Pressurize the system in accordance with Section 8. 10.2 After reaching full pressure check the system to make sure all trapped air has been removed. 10.3 Disconnect the pressure pump and allow the pressure in the system to stabilize for a period of 10 min or 5 % of the test time whichever is longer.
E1003 − 13 10.4 After stabilization, record the exact pressure and monitor during the test period. 10.5 Sensitivity: 10.5.1 Sensitivity for this type of test using water as the test fluid is normally 4.5 × 10−7 mol/s (1 × 10−2 Std cm3 /s)2. 10.5.2 By lengthening the test period, results can often be improved to 4.5 × 10 −8 mol/s (1 × 10−3 Std cm3 /s)2. 10.5.3 Sensitivity increases to 4.5 × 10−8 mol/s (1 × 10−3 Std cm3 /s)2 can be achieved when the test fluid’s resistance to flow is decreased by use of a water additive and an alternative test fluid, such as a penetrant. 11. Visual Inspection Method 11.1 Pressurize the system in accordance with the procedures in Section 8. 11.2 After reaching test pressure, inspect the outside surfaces for leakage. 11.2.1 Test pressure should be held for a minimum of 6 min/cm (1.5 min/in.) of wall thickness. As a minimum the test pressure should be held for 10 min and the maximum time should be limited to 2 h. 11.2.2 If the system is not intended to operate under steady pressure, pulse the pressure in the system one or more times after each complete inspection cycle by dropping the pressure to 50 % of final test pressure and bringing it back to test pressure. 11.2.3 If the outside of the system is covered by insulation which is not removed, increase the test time by a factor of 10, to a maximum of 4 h. 11.3 Sensitivity: 11.3.1 Normal sensitivity for visual inspection using deionized or distilled water as the test fluid is 4.5 × 10−7 mol/s (1 × 10 −2 Std cm3 /s)2. 11.3.2 Sensitivity can be improved to 4.5 × 10−8 mol/s (1 × 10 −3 Std cm3 /s)2 by using products to enhance leakage visibility as follows: 11.3.2.1 Water developer applied to outside which changes color in contact with moisture.
11.3.2.2 Visible dye tracer added to the test water. 11.3.2.3 Fluorescent dye tracer added to the test water. 11.3.3 Sensitivity can be improved to 4.5 × 10−8 mol/s (1 × 10 −3 Std cm3 /s)2 by lowering the resistance to test liquid flow at the interface between the fluid and the leak by using a water additive and an alternate test fluid, such as a penetrant. 11.3.4 By combining a visibility enhancer and low resistance to flow, sensitivity of the test can be improved to 4.5 × 10−9 mol/s (1 × 10 −4 Std cm3 /s)2. 12. Pretest to Locate Gross Leaks 12.1 This test can be applied to the system prior to hydrostatic testing to locate leaks larger than 4.5 × 10−7 mol/s (1 × 10 −2 Std cm3 /s)2 and as a precautionary procedure to save time. 12.2 Ultrasonic Test: 12.2.1 Use air, nitrogen, or other nonflammable gas as a test medium. 12.2.2 Pressurize the system with the gas gradually to 50 % of design pressure. A minimum pressure is 170 kPa (25 psi) for this test. 12.2.3 Inspect all joints and connections and welds with an acoustic leak detector capable of hearing airborne audio frequencies in the range of 45 000 Hz. 13. Report 13.1 The following information should be recorded at the time of the measurements and included in the report: 13.1.1 Date tested. 13.1.2 Test conditions (temperature, pressure, test time). 13.1.3 Leak locations. 13.1.4 Leakage rate. 13.1.5 Test fluid. 13.1.6 Signature of tester. 14. Keywords 14.1 hydrostatic leak testing; leak testing; pressure leak testing
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